text: By a Promethean recipe of the third kind, Georgescu understands a solar collector returning a net energy output sufficiently large to supply all the energy input needed to manufacture an additional solar collector of the same kind, thereby constituting a full serial reproduction with regard to solar energy only. The fact that solar collectors of various kinds had been in operation on a substantial scale for more than a century without providing a breakthrough in energy efficiency brought Georgescu to the conclusion that no Promethean recipe was yet around in the world in his day. Only feasible recipes for solar collectors were available, functioning like what he labelled 'parasites' with regard to the terrestrial inputs of energy for their manufacture and operation — and like any other parasite, these recipes cannot survive their host (the 'host' being the sources of the terrestrial inputs). Georgescu believed that for a coming solar-powered world economy on Earth to be truly energy self-supporting, a Promethean kind of solar collector had yet to be invented.   Later, some scholars have argued that the efficiency of solar collectors has increased considerably since Georgescu made these assessments.

text: By a Promethean recipe of the third kind, Georgescu understands a

entity_name: Solar power

text: solar collector

text: returning a net energy output sufficiently large to supply all the energy input needed to manufacture an additional solar collector of the same kind, thereby constituting a full serial reproduction with regard to solar energy only. The fact that solar collectors of various kinds had been in operation on a substantial scale for more than a century without providing a breakthrough in energy efficiency brought Georgescu to the conclusion that no Promethean recipe was yet around in the world in his day. Only feasible recipes for solar collectors were available, functioning like what he labelled

entity_name: Parasitism

text: 'parasites'

text: with regard to the terrestrial inputs of energy for their manufacture and operation — and like any other parasite, these recipes cannot survive their host (the 'host' being the sources of the terrestrial inputs). Georgescu believed that for a coming solar-powered world economy on Earth to be truly energy self-supporting, a Promethean kind of solar collector had yet to be invented.   Later, some scholars have argued that the efficiency of solar collectors has increased considerably since Georgescu made these assessments.

method: UNH-qee

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Promethean recipe

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: a Promethean recipe

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy self-supporting

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Like any other parasite, these recipes cannot survive their host

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answer_match: Using FLAN-T5-Large with this prompt: For the question "{question}" the correct answer is "{correct_answer}". Is "{answer}" an equally correct response to this question? Answer yes or no.

orig_prompt_class: QuestionPromptWithChoices

prompt_style: context: question:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Promethean

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered world economy on Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy efficiency

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collector

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: 'parasites'

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: these recipes cannot survive their host

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar-powered world economy on Earth to be truly energy self-supporting,

text: In 2015, the Earth Quaker Action Team began protesting PECO to demand that it expand the amount of solar energy that it buys, and to source solar power from North Philadelphia in order to create jobs. PECO purchases enough solar energy to power 2,000 residential households. Twice each year, in March and September, it submits those plans to the Pennsylvania’s state regulators for approval. The utility runs the bidding process through a third party for energy suppliers and wholesalers. PECO’s sister company, Constellation, is the third largest developer in Pennsylvania of solar installations for commercial, industrial, government and customers, and its parent company, Exelon, has a portfolio of wind-generating power projects across the country. PECO currently generates 0.14% of its energy portfolio from solar energy, but could generate up to 20% of their portfolio from solar. Sourcing solar energy from rooftop solar panels could generate up to 4000 new jobs in Philadelphia.

text: In 2015, the Earth Quaker Action Team began protesting PECO to demand that it expand the amount of solar energy that it buys, and to source solar power from North Philadelphia in order to create jobs. PECO purchases enough solar energy to power 2,000 residential households. Twice each year, in March and September, it submits those plans to the Pennsylvania’s state regulators for approval. The utility runs the bidding process through a third party for energy suppliers and wholesalers. PECO’s sister company, Constellation, is the third largest developer in Pennsylvania of solar installations for commercial, industrial, government and customers, and its parent company, Exelon, has a portfolio of wind-generating power projects across the country. PECO currently generates 0.14% of its energy portfolio from solar energy, but could generate up to 20% of their portfolio from solar. Sourcing solar energy from rooftop solar panels could generate up to 4000 new jobs in Philadelphia.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Philadelphia

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: could generate up to 4000 new jobs

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 0.14% of its energy portfolio from solar energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind-generating

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind-generating

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: create jobs.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy that it buys,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: rooftop solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: rooftop solar panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 0.14% of its energy portfolio from solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: could generate up to 20% of their portfolio from solar.

text: Solar power forecasting involves knowledge of the Sun´s path, the atmosphere's condition, the scattering processes and the characteristics of a solar energy plant which utilizes the Sun's energy to create solar power. Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power. The power output depends on the incoming radiation and on the solar panel characteristics. Photovoltaic power production is increasing nowadays. Forecast information is essential for an efficient use, the management of the electricity grid and for solar energy trading. Common solar forecasting method include stochastic learning method, local and remote sensing method, and hybrid method (Chu et al. 2016).

text: Solar power forecasting involves knowledge of the

entity_name: Sun

text: Sun

text: ´s path, the

entity_name: Atmosphere

text: atmosphere

text: 's condition, the scattering processes and the characteristics of a

entity_name: Solar energy

text: solar energy

text: plant which utilizes the Sun's energy to create

text: solar power

text: . Solar

entity_name: Photovoltaic system

text: photovoltaic system

text: s transform solar energy into electric power. The power output depends on the incoming radiation and on the solar panel characteristics. Photovoltaic power production is increasing nowadays. Forecast information is essential for an efficient use, the management of the electricity grid and for solar energy trading. Common solar forecasting method include stochastic learning method, local and remote sensing method, and hybrid method (Chu et al. 2016).

method: UNH-tfidf-stem

method: UNH-tfidf-ptsim

method: UNH-tfidf-lem

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: incoming radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: scattering

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The power output depends on the incoming radiation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy plant which utilizes the Sun's energy to create solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy plant which utilizes the Sun's energy to create solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Sun's energy to create solar power.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panel

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Sun's energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: scattering processes

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The power output depends on the incoming radiation and on the solar panel characteristics.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar photovoltaic systems transform solar energy into electric power.

text: The Yazd Solar Power Station is a hybrid combined cycle power station situated near Yazd, Iran which became operational in 2009, and in 2011 as a solar integrated plant. The plant has a capacity of 467 MW and uses solar energy to augment its steam generation by concentrating solar power technology.

text: The Yazd Solar Power Station is a hybrid combined cycle

entity_name: Power station

text: power station

text: situated near

entity_name: Yazd

text: Yazd

entity_name: Iran

text: Iran

text: which became operational in 2009, and in 2011 as a solar integrated plant. The plant has a capacity of 467 MW and uses

text: solar energy

text: to augment its steam generation by

entity_name: Concentrated solar power

text: concentrating solar power

text: technology.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Yazd

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: capacity limitations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy to augment its steam generation

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: steam generation by concentrating solar power technology.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Iran

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: concentrating solar power technology.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Yazd Solar Power Station

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power technology.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrating solar power technology.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a capacity of 467 MW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Yazd Solar Power Station

text: A shift in thinking is needed in 2030 when almost all of your energy comes from non-dispatchable sources – how much wind or solar power is available depends on the weather conditions, and instead of turning on and off available sources becomes one of either storing or transmission of those sources to when they can be used or to where they can be used. Some excess available energy can be diverted to hydrogen production for use in ships and airplanes, a relatively long term energy storage, in a world where almost all of our energy comes from wind, water, and solar (WWS). Hydrogen is not an energy source, but is a storage medium. A cost analysis will need to be made between long distance transmission and excess capacity. The sun is always shining somewhere, and the wind is always blowing somewhere on the Earth, but is it cost effective to bring solar power from Australia to New York?

text: A shift in thinking is needed in 2030 when almost all of your energy comes from non-dispatchable sources – how much wind or solar power is available depends on the weather conditions, and instead of turning on and off available sources becomes one of either storing or transmission of those sources to when they can be used or to where they can be used. Some excess available energy can be diverted to hydrogen production for use in ships and airplanes, a relatively long term energy storage, in a world where almost all of our energy comes from wind, water, and solar (WWS). Hydrogen is not an energy source, but is a storage medium. A cost analysis will need to be made between long distance transmission and excess capacity. The sun is always shining somewhere, and the wind is always blowing somewhere on the Earth, but is it cost effective to bring solar power from Australia to New York?

method: dangnt-nlp

method: Bert-ConvKNRM

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 2030

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: depends on the weather conditions

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Hydrogen

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The sun is always shining somewhere,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: non-dispatchable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: is it cost effective to bring solar power from Australia to New York?

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: long distance transmission and excess capacity.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: A cost analysis will need to be made between long distance transmission and excess capacity.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: long distance transmission

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: depends on the weather conditions,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: A cost analysis will need to be made between long distance transmission and excess capacity.

text: The Solar Energy Museum is structurally separate from the Solar Ark itself. It is officially called the solar lab. It is a museum and exhibition centre that mostly provides information about solar energy. There are several exhibitions, workshops and science classes held at the solar lab, which are primarily aimed at the younger generations, to help them become more aware of the photovoltaic science and how it impacts the world. The solar lab is divided into ten zones that provide a wide range of activities for visitors. Some of these activities include a solar system simulator, an adventure wall, an artistic approach to the sun, a solar library and a control deck, where visitors can view real time data related to the power being generated by the Solar Ark.

text: The

text: Solar Energy

text: Museum is structurally separate from the Solar Ark itself. It is officially called the solar lab. It is a museum and exhibition centre that mostly provides information about solar energy. There are several exhibitions, workshops and science classes held at the solar lab, which are primarily aimed at the younger generations, to help them become more aware of the photovoltaic science and how it impacts the world. The solar lab is divided into ten zones that provide a wide range of activities for visitors. Some of these activities include a

entity_name: Solar System

text: solar system

text: simulator, an adventure wall, an artistic approach to the sun, a solar library and a control deck, where visitors can view real time data related to the power being generated by the Solar Ark.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Energy Museum

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it impacts the world

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Solar Energy Museum

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it impacts the world.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy.

text: Technology assessments, which are a form of cost–benefit analysis, are difficult if not impossible to carry out in an objective manner since subjective decisions and value judgments have to be made regarding a number of complex issues such as (a) the boundaries of the analysis (i.e., what costs are internalized and externalized), (b) the selection of appropriate indicators of potential positive and negative consequences of the new technology, (c) the monetization of non-market values, and (d) a wide range of ethical perspectives. Consequently, most technology assessments are neither objective nor value-neutral exercises but instead are greatly influenced and biased by the values of the most powerful stakeholders, which are in many cases the developers and proponents (i.e., corporations and governments) of new technologies under consideration. In the most extreme view, as expressed by Ian Barbour in  '’Technology, Environment, and Human Values'’, technology assessment is "a one-sided apology for contemporary technology by people with a stake in its continuation."

text: Technology assessments, which are a form of

entity_name: Cost–benefit analysis

text: cost–benefit analysis

text: , are difficult if not impossible to carry out in an objective manner since subjective decisions and value judgments have to be made regarding a number of complex issues such as (a) the boundaries of the analysis (i.e., what costs are internalized and externalized), (b) the selection of appropriate indicators of potential positive and negative consequences of the new technology, (c) the monetization of non-market values, and (d) a wide range of ethical perspectives. Consequently, most technology assessments are neither objective nor value-neutral exercises but instead are greatly influenced and biased by the values of the most powerful stakeholders, which are in many cases the developers and proponents (i.e., corporations and governments) of new technologies under consideration. In the most extreme view, as expressed by Ian Barbour in  '’Technology, Environment, and Human Values'’, technology assessment is "a one-sided apology for contemporary technology by people with a stake in its continuation."

method: ICT-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: externalized

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs are internalized and externalized

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: externalized

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: (b) the selection of appropriate indicators of potential positive and negative consequences

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Technology assessments, which are a form of cost–benefit analysis,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: externalized),

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Technology assessments, which are a form of cost–benefit analysis,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs are internalized and externalized),

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Technology assessments,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Technology assessments, which are a form of cost–benefit analysis,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Technology assessments, which are a form of cost–benefit analysis,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: externalized),

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: what costs are internalized and externalized),

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Technology assessments,

text: The consequences of defeat, however, were severe for the Democratic Party.  The 1896 presidential race is generally considered a realigning election, when there is a major shift in voting patterns, upsetting the political balance.  McKinley was supported by middle-class and wealthy voters, urban laborers, and prosperous farmers; this coalition would keep the Republicans mostly in power until the 1930s. The election of 1896 marked a transition as the concerns of the rural population became secondary to those of the urban; according to Stanley Jones, "the Democratic Party reacted with less sensitivity than the Republicans to the hopes and fears of the new voters which the new age was producing".  This was evidenced in the tariff question: Bryan spent little time addressing it, stating that it was subsumed in the financial issue; Republican arguments that the protective tariff would benefit manufacturers appealed to urban workers and went unrebutted by the Democrats.

text: The consequences of defeat, however, were severe for the Democratic Party.  The 1896 presidential race is generally considered a

entity_name: Realigning election

text: realigning election

text: , when there is a major shift in voting patterns, upsetting the political balance.  McKinley was supported by middle-class and wealthy voters, urban laborers, and prosperous farmers; this coalition would keep the Republicans mostly in power until the 1930s. The election of 1896 marked a transition as the concerns of the rural population became secondary to those of the urban; according to Stanley Jones, "the Democratic Party reacted with less sensitivity than the Republicans to the hopes and fears of the new voters which the new age was producing".  This was evidenced in the tariff question: Bryan spent little time addressing it, stating that it was subsumed in the financial issue; Republican arguments that the protective tariff would benefit manufacturers appealed to urban workers and went unrebutted by the Democrats.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a major shift in voting patterns

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 1930s.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: tariff

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: farmers; this coalition would keep the Republicans mostly in power until the 1930s.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: protective tariff

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The consequences of defeat, however, were severe for the Democratic Party.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Republican arguments that the protective tariff would benefit manufacturers appealed to urban workers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Republican arguments

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The consequences of defeat, however, were severe for the Democratic Party.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Republican arguments that the protective tariff would benefit manufacturers appealed to urban workers

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the 1930s.

text: As a result of climate change and extreme pollution, the 21st century has seen the world increase its use of renewable resources from hydro power, solar power and wind power. Iran does not have any rivers large enough that would produce enough energy for a hydroelectric dam to be an effective source of renewable energy. As for solar power, Iran is a great county for solar power to be an effective source of energy its warm and dry climate would be ideal for a large scale solar farm. However, with the extreme sanctions placed on Iran, the import of materials and resources to start a large scale solar power initiative would be extremely expensive and time-consuming, as materials would be hard to attain legally or cheaply. With so many challenges and obstacles facing Iran's energy sector they started to search for a more practical energy solution: wind power. Iran began really investing in wind power in the early 2000s and has increased the size and scale of its wind turbines.

text: As a result of climate change and extreme pollution, the 21st century has seen the world increase its use of renewable resources from hydro power, solar power and wind power. Iran does not have any rivers large enough that would produce enough energy for a hydroelectric dam to be an effective source of renewable energy. As for solar power, Iran is a great county for solar power to be an effective source of energy its warm and dry climate would be ideal for a large scale solar farm. However, with the extreme sanctions placed on Iran, the import of materials and resources to start a large scale solar power initiative would be extremely expensive and time-consuming, as materials would be hard to attain legally or cheaply. With so many challenges and obstacles facing Iran's energy sector they started to search for a more practical energy solution: wind power. Iran began really investing in wind power in the early 2000s and has increased the size and scale of its wind turbines.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable resources

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Iran

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: would be extremely expensive

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: wind turbines

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: materials would be hard to attain legally or cheaply

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable resources

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Iran is a great county for solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: warm and dry climate

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Iran is a great county for solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: wind turbines.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar farm.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: wind turbines.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: extremely expensive and time-consuming,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power,

text: At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750 megawatts (MW). By February 2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW. Solar power use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of reductions in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and the introduction of a Feed-in tariff (FIT) subsidy in April 2010. In 2012, the government said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years, representing 22,000 MW of installed solar power capacity by 2020. As of April 2015, PV capacity had risen to 6,562 MW across 698,860 installations.

text: At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750

entity_name: Watt

entity_section: Megawatt

text: megawatts

text: (MW). By February 2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW.

text: Solar power

text: use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of reductions in the cost of

entity_name: Photovoltaics

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) panels, and the introduction of a

entity_name: Feed-in tariff

text: Feed-in tariff

text: (FIT) subsidy in April 2010. In 2012, the government said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years, representing 22,000 MW of installed solar power capacity by 2020. As of April 2015, PV capacity had risen to 6,562 MW across 698,860 installations.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: megawatts

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduces the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photothermolysis

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reductions in the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years,

text: Concentrating solar plants in the Mojave Desert have brought up issues of water use, because concentrating solar power plants with wet-cooling systems have high water-consumption intensities compared to other types of electric power plants; only fossil-fuel plants with carbon-capture and storage may have higher water intensities. A 2013 study comparing various sources of electricity found that the median water consumption during operations of concentrating solar power plants with wet cooling was 810 ga/MWhr for power tower plants and 890 gal/MWhr for trough plants. This was higher than the operational water consumption (with cooling towers) for nuclear (720 gal/MWhr), coal (530 gal/MWhr), or natural gas (210). A 2011 study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory came to similar conclusions: for power plants with cooling towers, water consumption during operations was 865 gal/MWhr for CSP trough, 786 gal/MWhr for CSP tower, 687 gal/MWhr for coal, 672 gal/MWhr for nuclear, and 198 gal/MWhr for natural gas. The Solar Energy Industries Association noted that the Nevada Solar One trough CSP plant consumes 850 gal/MWhr.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high water consumption intensities

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cooling towers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: water-consumption intensities

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear (720 gal/MWhr),

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Concentrating solar plants in the Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high water-consumption intensities

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power plants with wet-cooling systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: wet-cooling systems

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: wet-cooling

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: water use,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: fossil-fuel plants with carbon-capture and storage

text: The electrical power system on the International Space Station (ISS) uses multiple switch-mode power supplies to convert between the voltage produced by the solar array and battery system, and the voltages required by the different modules. The eight solar panels generate  at  used to charge nickel-hydrogen batteries that provide power when the solar array is in shadow during earth eclipse. A system voltage of  is used for the main power distribution throughout the station. The European and American part (USOS) uses  as the end-user voltage while the Russian part (ROS) and the space shuttle use .

text: The electrical power system on the

entity_name: Electrical system of the International Space Station

text: International Space Station

text: (ISS) uses multiple switch-mode power supplies to convert between the voltage produced by the solar array and battery system, and the voltages required by the different modules. The eight solar panels generate  at  used to charge nickel-hydrogen batteries that provide power when the solar array is in shadow during earth eclipse. A system voltage of  is used for the main power distribution throughout the station. The European and American part (USOS) uses  as the end-user voltage while the Russian part (ROS) and the space shuttle use .

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Earth eclipse

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The eight solar panels generate at

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: when the solar array is in shadow during earth eclipse

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nickel-hydrogen batteries

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: eclipse.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: International Space Station

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: power when the solar array is in shadow during earth eclipse.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The electrical power system on the International Space Station

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: earth eclipse.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: when the solar array is in shadow during earth eclipse.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The eight solar panels generate at used to charge nickel-hydrogen batteries

text: English is still the primary medium of interaction with computers. Consequently, a large section of the population in India is not able to reap the benefits of the technology. Though the issue of localization of interface has been discussed in different forum, the goal is yet to be achieved.

text: English is still the primary medium of interaction with computers. Consequently, a large section of the population in India is not able to reap the benefits of the technology. Though the issue of localization of interface has been discussed in different forum, the goal is yet to be achieved.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: English is still the primary medium

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: technology.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: English is still the primary medium of interaction with computers.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: India is not able to reap the benefits of the technology.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: English

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: English is still the primary medium of interaction with computers.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the goal is yet to be achieved.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: English is still the primary medium of interaction with computers.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: not able to reap the benefits of the technology.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the goal is yet to be achieved.

text: Spain is one of the most advanced countries in the development of solar energy, since it is one of the countries of Europe with more hours of sunshine. The Spanish government committed to achieving a target of 12 percent of primary energy from renewable energy by 2010 with an installed solar generating capacity of 3000 megawatts (MW). Spain is the fourth largest manufacturer in the world of solar power technology and exports 80 percent of this output to Germany. Spain added a record 2.6 GW of solar power in 2008, increasing capacity to 3.5 GW. Total solar power in Spain was 4 GW by the end of 2010 and solar energy produced 6.9 terawatt-hours (TW·h), covering 2.7% of the electricity demand in 2010.

entity_name: Spain

text: Spain

text: is one of the most advanced countries in the development of solar energy, since it is one of the countries of Europe with more hours of sunshine. The Spanish government committed to achieving a target of 12 percent of primary energy from renewable energy by 2010 with an installed solar generating capacity of 3000

text: megawatts

text: (MW). Spain is the fourth largest manufacturer in the world of

text: solar power

text: technology and exports 80 percent of this output to

entity_name: Germany

text: Germany

text: Spain

text: added a record 2.6 GW of solar power in 2008, increasing capacity to 3.5 GW. Total solar power in

text: Spain

text: was 4 GW by the end of 2010 and solar energy produced 6.9

entity_name: Kilowatt hour

entity_section: Multiples

text: terawatt-hour

text: s (TW·h), covering 2.7% of the electricity demand in 2010.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: megawatts

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Spain

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more hours of sunshine

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: megawatts

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Spain is the fourth largest manufacturer in the world of solar power technology

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunshine.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more hours of sunshine.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Spain

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar generating capacity of 3000 megawatts

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunshine.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: hours of sunshine.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy,

text: While solar power is much more commonly used, nuclear power offers great advantages in many areas. Solar cells, although efficient, can only supply energy to spacecraft in orbits where the solar flux is sufficiently high, such as low Earth orbit and interplanetary destinations close enough to the Sun. Unlike solar cells, nuclear power systems function independently of sunlight, which is necessary for deep space exploration. Nuclear reactors are especially beneficial in space because of their lower weight-to-capacity ratio than solar cells. Therefore, nuclear power systems take up much less space than solar power systems. Compact spacecraft are easier to orient and direct in space when precision is needed. Estimates of nuclear power, which can power both life support and propulsion systems, suggest that use of these systems can effectively reduce both cost and flight time.

text: While

text: solar power

text: is much more commonly used, nuclear power offers great advantages in many areas. Solar cells, although efficient, can only supply energy to spacecraft in orbits where the solar flux is sufficiently high, such as low Earth orbit and interplanetary destinations close enough to the Sun. Unlike solar cells, nuclear power systems function independently of sunlight, which is necessary for

text: deep space exploration

text: . Nuclear reactors are especially beneficial in space because of their lower weight-to-capacity ratio than solar cells. Therefore, nuclear power systems take up much less space than solar power systems. Compact spacecraft are easier to orient and direct in space when precision is needed. Estimates of nuclear power, which can power both life support and propulsion systems, suggest that use of these systems can effectively reduce both cost and flight time.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar flux

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: nuclear power systems take up much less space

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: can only supply energy to spacecraft

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear power systems function independently of sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar flux

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: nuclear power systems function independently of sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: nuclear power systems function independently of sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: nuclear power offers great advantages in many areas. Solar cells,

text: Stake may contribute to attitude-behavior consistency by inducing thoughts that support the attitude. This serves as the basis for future behavior. Stake may also strengthen the attitude-behavior relation by indirectly amplifying the awareness of stimuli associated with people's attitudes. Stake is the most powerful impression that comes from all the components of vested interest regarding attitude and behavior. Stake influences perceptions of attitude and action, but also of other action-relevant components as well. When stake is high, people also find the critical issue highly salient. Stake also affects the perception of immediacy. The greater the personal consequence of the issue, the more pressing the issue is perceived to be. Finally, stake was found to affect the perception of immediacy. The greater the personal consequence of the issue, the more pressing it was perceived to be. The phrases, "the stakes are/were high" or "high stakes", are used when issues of high salience or immediacy are raised, usually in regards to gambling or other high-risk activities involving vested interest.

text: Stake may contribute to attitude-behavior consistency by inducing thoughts that support the attitude. This serves as the basis for future behavior. Stake may also strengthen the attitude-behavior relation by indirectly amplifying the awareness of stimuli associated with people's attitudes. Stake is the most powerful impression that comes from all the components of vested interest regarding attitude and behavior. Stake influences perceptions of attitude and action, but also of other action-relevant components as well. When stake is high, people also find the critical issue highly salient. Stake also affects the perception of immediacy. The greater the personal consequence of the issue, the more pressing the issue is perceived to be. Finally, stake was found to affect the perception of immediacy. The greater the personal consequence of the issue, the more pressing it was perceived to be. The phrases, "the stakes are/were high" or "high stakes", are used when issues of high salience or immediacy are raised, usually in regards to gambling or other high-risk activities involving vested interest.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used for longer periods of time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: stake

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Stake also affects the perception of immediacy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: indirectly amplifying the awareness of stimuli

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Stake

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Stake may contribute to attitude-behavior consistency

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: "the stakes are/were high" or "high stakes",

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: "the stakes are/were high" or "high stakes",

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Stake

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Stake

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Stake may contribute to attitude-behavior consistency

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Stake may contribute to attitude-behavior consistency

text: Solar hybrid power systems are hybrid power systems that combine solar power from a photovoltaic system with another power generating energy source. A common type is a photovoltaic diesel hybrid system,  combining photovoltaics (PV) and diesel generators, or diesel gensets, as PV has hardly any marginal cost and is treated with priority on the grid. The diesel gensets are used to constantly fill in the gap between the present load and the actual generated power by the PV system.

text: Solar hybrid power systems are

text: hybrid power

text: systems that combine solar power from a

text: photovoltaic system

text: with another power generating

text: energy source

text: . A common type is a photovoltaic diesel hybrid system,  combining

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV) and

text: diesel generator

text: s, or diesel gensets, as PV has hardly any marginal cost and is treated with priority on the

text: grid

text: . The diesel gensets are used to constantly fill in the gap between the present load and the actual generated power by the PV system.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar hybrid power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: PV has hardly any marginal cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: PV has hardly any marginal cost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power from a photovoltaic system

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic system

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar hybrid power systems are hybrid power systems that combine solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: hardly any marginal cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar hybrid power systems

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic system

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: diesel generators,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic system with another power generating energy source.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: marginal cost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar hybrid power systems

text: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers will account for a large portion of firm profit.  Although this is a natural consequence of variability in profitability across customers, firms benefit from knowing exactly who the best customers are and how much they contribute to firm profit.

text: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers will account for a large portion of firm profit.  Although this is a natural consequence of variability in profitability across customers, firms benefit from knowing exactly who the best customers are and how much they contribute to firm profit.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no way

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used on a large scale

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: variability in profitability across customers

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: profit.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: knowing exactly who the best customers are and how much they contribute to firm profit.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: variability in profitability across customers,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Quite often a very small percentage of the firm’s best customers

text: The design of a solar car is severely limited by the amount of energy input into the car. Solar cars are built for solar car races and also for public use  List of prototype solar-powered cars. Even the best solar cells can only collect limited power and energy over the area of a car's surface. This limits solar cars to ultralight composite bodies to save weight. Solar cars lack the safety and convenience features of conventional vehicles. The first solar family car was built in 2013 by students in the Netherlands.  This vehicle is capable of 550 miles on one charge during sunlight.  It weighs 850 pounds and has a 1.5kw solar array.  Solar vehicles must be light and efficient.  3,000 pound or even 2,000 pound vehicles are less practical.  Stella Lux the predecessor to Stella broke a record with a 932 mile single charge range. The Dutch are trying to commercialize this technology. During racing Stella Lux is capable of 700 miles during daylight. At 45mph Stella Lux has infinite range. This is again due to high efficiency including a Coefficient of drag of .16.  The average family who never drive more than 200 miles a day would never need to charge from the mains.  They would only plug in if they wanted to return energy to the grid. Solar cars are often fitted with gauges and/or wireless telemetry, to carefully monitor the car's energy consumption, solar energy capture and other parameters. Wireless telemetry is typically preferred as it frees the driver to concentrate on driving, which can be dangerous in such a small, lightweight car. The Solar Electric Vehicle system was designed and engineered as an easy to install (2 to 3 hours) integrated accessory system with a custom molded low profile solar module, supplemental battery pack and a proven charge controlling system.

text: The design of a solar car is severely limited by the amount of energy input into the car. Solar cars are built for

text: solar car races

text: and also for public use

text: List of prototype solar-powered cars

text: . Even the best solar cells can only collect limited power and energy over the area of a car's surface. This limits solar cars to ultralight composite bodies to save weight. Solar cars lack the safety and convenience features of conventional vehicles. The first solar family car was built in 2013 by students in the Netherlands.  This vehicle is capable of 550 miles on one charge during sunlight.  It weighs 850 pounds and has a 1.5kw solar array.  Solar vehicles must be light and efficient.  3,000 pound or even 2,000 pound vehicles are less practical.  Stella Lux the predecessor to Stella broke a record with a 932 mile single charge range. The Dutch are trying to commercialize this technology. During racing Stella Lux is capable of 700 miles during daylight. At 45mph Stella Lux has infinite range. This is again due to high efficiency including a

text: Coefficient of drag

text: of .16.  The average family who never drive more than 200 miles a day would never need to charge from the mains.  They would only plug in if they wanted to return energy to the grid. Solar cars are often fitted with gauges and/or

text: wireless telemetry

text: , to carefully monitor the car's energy consumption, solar energy capture and other parameters. Wireless telemetry is typically preferred as it frees the driver to concentrate on driving, which can be dangerous in such a small, lightweight car. The Solar Electric Vehicle system was designed and engineered as an easy to install (2 to 3 hours) integrated accessory system with a custom molded low profile solar module, supplemental battery pack and a proven charge controlling system.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Stella Lux

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Even the best solar cells can only collect limited power and energy over the area of a car's surface

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: They would only plug in if they wanted to return energy to the grid.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: capture

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: would never need to charge from the mains.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Coefficient of drag of.16.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: drag

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the amount of energy input into the car.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar cars

text: Cities in a region are connected to each other via predefined regional networks such as highways, railways, and waterways. Elements such as traffic and air pollution are visible flowing between cities. Cities can trade resources or share public services with their neighbors like garbage collection or health care. Cities can also pool their collective wealth and resources to build a "great work" to provide benefits for the entire region like a massive solar power plant or an international airport. The larger the region, the higher is the number of cities and great works that can be built.

text: Cities in a region are connected to each other via predefined regional networks such as highways, railways, and waterways. Elements such as traffic and air pollution are visible flowing between cities. Cities can trade resources or share public services with their neighbors like garbage collection or health care. Cities can also pool their collective wealth and resources to build a "great work" to provide benefits for the entire region like a massive solar power plant or an international airport. The larger the region, the higher is the number of cities and great works that can be built.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can provide benefits for the entire region

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: air pollution

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits for the entire region

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: a massive solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Cities can also pool their collective wealth and resources

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: air pollution

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: traffic and air pollution

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: a massive solar power plant

text: Solar power in Arizona has the potential to, according to then-Governor Janet Napolitano, make Arizona "the Persian Gulf of solar energy". In 2012, Arizona had 1,106 MW of photovoltaic (PV) solar power systems, and 6 MW of concentrated solar power (CSP), bringing the total to over 1,112 megawatts (MW) of solar power. The Solana Generating Station is a 280 MW parabolic trough solar plant which is the largest plant of its type in the world. Solana includes 6 hours of power storage by molten salt. The plant will provide 5% of the power from Arizona Public Service, the state's largest utility.

text: Solar power in Arizona has the potential to, according to then-Governor

text: Janet Napolitano

text: , make

text: Arizona

text: "the Persian Gulf of solar energy". In 2012, Arizona had 1,106 MW of

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV)

text: solar power system

text: s, and 6 MW of

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP), bringing the total to over 1,112

text: megawatt

text: s (MW) of

text: solar power

text: . The

text: Solana Generating Station

text: is a 280 MW

text: parabolic trough

text: solar plant which is the largest plant of its type in the world. Solana includes 6 hours of power

text: storage by molten salt

text: . The plant will provide 5% of the power from

text: Arizona Public Service

text: , the state's largest utility.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: parabolic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Arizona

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: power storage

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solana includes 6 hours of power storage by molten salt

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solana Generating Station

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: "the Persian Gulf of solar energy".

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar energy".

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Arizona

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salt.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: molten salt.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 6 hours of power storage by molten salt.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power in Arizona

text: As of November 2014, 28 schools had raised enough money for solar panels, and 27 schools had installed them through the scheme. Collectively, the schools have raised over £500,000. In 2012, the project was cited in the House of Commons by Labour MP Alex Cunningham as an example of the benefits of solar power.

text: As of November 2014, 28 schools had raised enough money for solar panels, and 27 schools had installed them through the scheme. Collectively, the schools have raised over £500,000. In 2012, the project was cited in the House of Commons by Labour MP

text: Alex Cunningham

text: as an example of the benefits of solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 28 schools had raised enough money for solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: benefits of solar power.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power.

text: Cost Efficiency Cost Efficiency, or cost effectiveness, determines whether the benefits of a service exceed the cost incurred to provide the service.  A health care service is sometimes not cost efficient due to either overutilization or underutilization. Overutilization, or overuse, occurs when the value of health care is diluted with wasted resources. Consequently, depriving someone else of the potential benefits from obtaining the service. Costs or risks of treatment outweigh the benefits in overused health care.  In contrast, underutilization, or underuse, occurs when the benefits of a treatment outweigh the risks or costs, but it is not used.  There are potential adverse health outcomes with underutilization.  One example is the lack of early cancer detection and treatment which leads to decreased cancer survival rates.

text: Cost Efficiency

text: Cost Efficiency

text: , or cost effectiveness, determines whether the benefits of a service exceed the cost incurred to provide the service.  A health care service is sometimes not cost efficient due to either

text: overutilization

text: or underutilization. Overutilization, or overuse, occurs when the value of health care is diluted with wasted resources. Consequently, depriving someone else of the potential benefits from obtaining the service. Costs or risks of treatment outweigh the benefits in overused health care.  In contrast, underutilization, or underuse, occurs when the benefits of a treatment outweigh the risks or costs, but it is not used.  There are potential adverse health outcomes with underutilization.  One example is the lack of early cancer detection and treatment which leads to decreased cancer survival rates.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: underutilization

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs less

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: underutilization

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: overused health care. In contrast, underutilization,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Cost Efficiency

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Cost Efficiency

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits of a service exceed the cost incurred to provide the service.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Cost Efficiency

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Cost Efficiency

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Cost Efficiency

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Cost Efficiency

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Costs or risks of treatment outweigh the benefits

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Cost Efficiency

text: In 2012 Tigo Energy announced the market launch of its newest generation of technology designed to be built directly into solar panels during manufacturing.  These smart modules included all the benefits of traditional power optimizers, but without requiring installers to add extra boxes to solar modules.  Tigo Energy's launch partners included Trina Solar, Hanwha SolarOne, DelSolar, Astronergy, Upsolar, and Luxor Solar.

text: In 2012 Tigo Energy announced the market launch of its newest generation of technology designed to be built directly into

text: solar panels

text: during manufacturing.  These

text: smart module

text: s included all the benefits of traditional

text: power optimizer

text: s, but without requiring installers to add extra boxes to solar modules.  Tigo Energy's launch partners included

text: Trina Solar

text: Hanwha SolarOne

text: DelSolar

text: Astronergy

text: , Upsolar, and Luxor Solar.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not require extra boxes

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: traditional power optimizers

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: without requiring installers to add extra boxes to solar modules.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: requiring installers to add extra boxes to solar modules.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels

text: Solar power in California has been growing rapidly because of high insolation, community support, declining solar costs, and a Renewable Portfolio Standard which requires that 33% of California's electricity come from renewable resources by 2020, and 50% by 2030. Much of this is expected to come from solar power. At noon on July 12, 2016, California generated 8 GW of utility scale solar power and around 4 GW of behind-the-meter private solar power.

text: Solar power in California has been growing rapidly because of high

text: insolation

text: , community support, declining solar costs, and a

text: Renewable Portfolio Standard

text: which requires that 33% of

text: California

text: 's electricity come from

text: renewable resource

text: s by 2020, and 50% by 2030. Much of this is expected to come from solar power. At noon on July 12, 2016, California generated 8 GW of utility scale solar power and around 4 GW of behind-the-meter private solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: declining solar costs

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high insolation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: insolation,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: declining solar costs,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: utility scale solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: insolation,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: insolation,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: declining solar costs,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 50% by 2030.

text: As of 2014, the largest solar thermal power systems using parabolic trough technology include, the 354 MW SEGS plants in California, the 280 MW Solana Generating Station that features a molten salt heat storage, the 250 MW Genesis Solar Energy Project, that came online in 2014, as well as the Spanish 200 MW Solaben Solar Power Station, the 200 MW Solnova Solar Power Station, and the Andasol 1 solar power station, using a Eurotrough-collector.

text: As of 2014, the

text: largest solar thermal power system

text: s using parabolic trough technology include, the 354 MW

text: SEGS

text: plants in California, the 280 MW

text: Solana Generating Station

text: that features a

text: molten salt heat storage

text: , the 250 MW

text: Genesis Solar Energy Project

text: , that came online in 2014, as well as the Spanish 200 MW Solaben Solar Power Station, the 200 MW

text: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: , and the

text: Andasol 1 solar power station

text: , using a Eurotrough-collector.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: troughs

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 280 MW Solana Generating Station

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: molten salt heat storage,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: molten salt heat storage,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: molten salt heat storage,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: As of 2014,

text: eIQ Energy Inc. has bundled deals with PV Powered & Signet Solar with their parallel solar technology. PV Powered supplies inverters, which convert the DC power generated by solar panels to AC. Signet Solar’s SI S4 thin-film quarter-panel solar modules are in concordance with eIQ Energy’s vBoost 350 DC-to-DC converter modules.

text: eIQ Energy Inc. has bundled deals with PV Powered & Signet Solar with their parallel solar technology. PV Powered supplies inverters, which convert the DC power generated by solar panels to AC.

text: Signet Solar’s

text: SI S4 thin-film quarter-panel solar modules are in concordance with eIQ Energy’s vBoost 350 DC-to-DC converter modules.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: inverters

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: DC power generated by solar panels to AC.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels to AC.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: convert the DC power generated by solar panels to AC.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: PV Powered & Signet Solar with their parallel solar technology.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: inverters,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: DC power generated by solar panels to AC.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels to AC.

text: Established in the early stages of the semiconductor electronics industry in 1959, MEMC was for the next half century a major and pioneering manufacturer of silicon wafers, the most basic element of semiconductor-chip manufacturing. The company entered the solar market in a major way beginning in 2006, with longterm contracts to manufacture and sell solar wafers to several large Asian solar-energy companies. Contracts with other solar-energy companies followed, as did joint-venture projects on solar power plants. With the acquisition of the large, successful, and pioneering solar-energy systems company SunEdison LLC in late 2009 and the smaller solar-power companies Axio and Fotowatio in 2011, MEMC focused increasingly on the burgeoning solar-energy industry to offset the cyclical downturns in the semiconductor market. The company now develops, finances, and maintains solar power systems and plants for a widespread commercial, public-sector, and power-plant customer base, and its name change in 2013 to SunEdison, Inc. reflects its main focus. It is one of the leading solar-power companies worldwide, and with its acquisition of wind-energy company First Wind in 2014, SunEdison is the leading renewable energy development company in the world. SunEdison's subsidiaries TerraForm Power and TerraForm Global own and operate renewable-energy projects around the globe. In 2015, SunEdison sold off its subsidiary SunEdison Semiconductor, which manufactures silicon wafers for the electronics industry. The divestiture marked the completion of SunEdison, Inc.'s transition from a semiconductor-wafer company to a dedicated renewable-energy corporation.

text: First Wind

text: in 2014, SunEdison is the leading

text: renewable energy

text: development company in the world. SunEdison's subsidiaries TerraForm Power and TerraForm Global own and operate renewable-energy projects around the globe. In 2015, SunEdison sold off its subsidiary SunEdison Semiconductor, which manufactures silicon wafers for the electronics industry. The divestiture marked the completion of SunEdison, Inc.'s transition from a semiconductor-wafer company to a dedicated renewable-energy corporation.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: SunEdison

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power systems and plants

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind-energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plants.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar market

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy development company in the world.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: SunEdison

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: focus.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: SunEdison

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-power companies worldwide,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cyclical downturns in the semiconductor market.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: SunEdison

text: Important consequences are attached to the distinction between indemnity and capital insurance. Capital insurers, for example, are not entitled to claim a proportionate contribution by other insurers, or to demand subrogation of the insured’s rights in respect of the loss. By the same token, the doctrine of imputation of benefits does not apply to capital insurance.

text: Important consequences are attached to the distinction between indemnity and capital insurance. Capital insurers, for example, are not entitled to claim a proportionate contribution by other insurers, or to demand subrogation of the insured’s rights in respect of the loss. By the same token, the doctrine of imputation of benefits does not apply to capital insurance.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: imputation of benefits

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: not entitled to claim a proportionate contribution by other insurers,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: capital insurance.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: capital insurance.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: subrogation of the insured’s rights in respect of the loss.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Important consequences are attached to the distinction between indemnity and capital insurance.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Important consequences are attached to the distinction between indemnity and capital insurance.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Important consequences are attached to the distinction between indemnity and capital insurance.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: imputation of benefits

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: not entitled to claim a proportionate contribution by other insurers,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Important consequences are attached to the distinction between indemnity and capital insurance.

text: The city of Freiburg, Germany, whose sustainable policies date all the way back to the 1970s, has constructed itself as a sustainable city by actively committing to its target areas of energy, transportation, and to its three pillars for sustainable development: energy saving, new technology, and renewable energy sources. One of the largest motivators for success can be accredited to citizen’s engagement; in the 1970s opposition to local nuclear power led to the creation of a campaign for sustainable solutions for the energy needs of the city. A network of environmentalists, research organizations, and businesses was established, helping the agenda of a sustainable city push forward.	Taking advantage of Freiburg’s location, educated and active residents, and political priorities invested in the environment and economy has led Freiburg to be considered a Solar Capital. Along with high solar electricity rates, Freiburg hosts such innovations as the world’s first football stadium with its own solar power plant and the world’s first self-sustaining solar energy building. In terms of both ecology and economy, Freiburg has been extremely successful in the fields of research and marketing of renewable energy. The Freiburg science network and solar industry embraces many research institutions, like the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Europe’s largest solar research institute.	In addition to solar initiatives, over the last four decades Freiburg has made improvements to their transportation systems. Freiburg has over 500 km of bicycle paths and more than 5000 bicycle parking spaces as well as car-free centers, 30 kph zones, a region wide bus service, and tram lines.	Long before it was taken seriously Freiburg was resolving to cut carbon dioxide emissions. In 1966, the city resolved to lower carbon dioxide by 25 percent by 2010. Although they did not reach their initial goal by 2010, they are continually extending their goals. By 2030, they resolved to cut carbon dioxide emissions by 40 percent and be climate neutral by 2050.

text: The city of

text: Freiburg, Germany

entity_name: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

text: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

text: , Europe’s largest solar research institute.	In addition to solar initiatives, over the last four decades Freiburg has made improvements to their transportation systems. Freiburg has over 500 km of bicycle paths and more than 5000 bicycle parking spaces as well as car-free centers, 30 kph zones, a region wide bus service, and tram lines.	Long before it was taken seriously Freiburg was resolving to cut

text: carbon dioxide emissions

text: . In 1966, the city resolved to lower carbon dioxide by 25 percent by 2010. Although they did not reach their initial goal by 2010, they are continually extending their goals. By 2030, they resolved to cut carbon dioxide emissions by 40 percent and be climate neutral by 2050.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Freiburg

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: self-sustaining

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high solar electricity rates

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: opposition to local nuclear power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Capital.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high solar electricity rates,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Freiburg

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: renewable energy.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high solar electricity rates,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: world’s first football stadium with its own solar power plant

text: In the 1980s Ormat built and operated one of the world's first power stations to produce electricity from solar energy, located just north of the Dead Sea in Israel.  The plant utilized a technology known as solar pond, a large-scale solar thermal energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy.  It was the largest operating solar pond ever built for electricity generation and operated up until 1988. It had an area of 210,000 m² and gave an electrical output of 5 MW.

text: In the 1980s Ormat built and operated one of the world's first power stations to produce electricity from solar energy, located just north of the Dead Sea in Israel.  The plant utilized a technology known as

text: solar pond

text: , a large-scale solar thermal energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy.  It was the largest operating solar pond ever built for electricity generation and operated up until 1988. It had an area of 210,000 m² and gave an electrical output of 5 MW.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Israel

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar pond

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Israel.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar pond, a large-scale solar thermal energy collector

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy collector

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat storage

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: operated up until 1988.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy,

text: Solar photovoltaics (PV) is an important but still evolving technology that harnesses the Sun’s power to generate electricity. As sunlight hits a photovoltaic cell, it frees and stirs up electrons, which then collect on conductive plates to create electricity.

text: Solar

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV) is an important but still evolving technology that harnesses the Sun’s power to generate electricity. As sunlight hits a

text: photovoltaic cell

text: , it frees and stirs up

text: electrons

text: , which then collect on conductive plates to create electricity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: frees up electrons

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar photovoltaics (PV) is an important but still evolving technology

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electrons,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Sun’s power to generate electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic cell,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: still evolving

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar photovoltaics

text: For over 20 years, Tatchell has written and campaigned about environmental problems including global warming and resource depletion, pointing out that they often have a disproportionately negative impact on developing countries. In the late 1980s, he was co-organiser of the Green and Socialist Conferences, which sought to ally reds and greens. He championed energy conservation and renewable energy; in particular tidal, wave and concentrated solar power. On 24 May 2009, he appeared on the BBC Daily Politics programme to oppose the Elephant and Castle regeneration scheme, which he said would bring few benefits to local working-class people. However, most of his campaigning continues to be in the areas of human rights and "queer emancipation". In August 2008 Tatchell wrote about speculative theories concerning possible atmospheric oxygen depletion compared to prehistoric levels, and called for further investigation to test such claims and, if proven, their long-term consequences.

text: For over 20 years, Tatchell has written and campaigned about environmental problems including

text: global warming

text: and resource depletion, pointing out that they often have a disproportionately negative impact on developing countries. In the late 1980s, he was co-organiser of the Green and Socialist Conferences, which sought to ally reds and greens. He championed

text: energy conservation

text: and

text: renewable energy

text: ; in particular tidal, wave and concentrated solar power. On 24 May 2009, he appeared on the BBC Daily Politics programme to oppose the

text: Elephant and Castle

text: regeneration scheme, which he said would bring few benefits to local working-class people. However, most of his campaigning continues to be in the areas of human rights and "

text: queer

text: emancipation". In August 2008 Tatchell wrote about speculative theories concerning possible atmospheric

text: oxygen

text: depletion compared to prehistoric levels, and called for further investigation to test such claims and, if proven, their long-term consequences.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: tidal, wave and concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy;

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: tidal, wave and concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: tidal, wave and concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: tidal, wave and concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: tidal, wave and concentrated solar power.

text: Another benefit of some renewable energy technologies, like wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) is that they require little or no water to generate electricity whereas thermoelectric (fossil fuel based) power plants require vast amounts of water for operation.

text: Another benefit of some renewable energy technologies, like wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) is that they require little or no water to generate electricity whereas thermoelectric (fossil fuel based) power plants require vast amounts of water for operation.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: requires little or no water

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thermoelectric power plants

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: thermoelectric

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: they require little or no water to generate electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: wind and solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: wind and solar photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: vast amounts of water for operation.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: they require little or no water to generate electricity

text: Solar power plants equipped with battery storage systems wherever net energy metering is implemented can use the stored electricity to feed electricity into the power grid when its frequency is below the rated parameter (50 Hz) and draw the excess cheap power from the grid when its frequency is above the rated parameter. Every day, frequency excursions above and below the rated grid frequency are in the order of 100 times in a day. The solar power plant owner would get nearly double the price for the electricity sent into the grid compared to the electricity consumed from the grid if a frequency-based tariff is offered to rooftop solar power plants or solar power plants dedicated to a distribution substation. A power purchase agreement (PPA) is not needed for solar power plants with a battery storage system to effectively serve ancillary services operations and to transmit generated electricity for captive consumption utilising an open access facility. Battery storage is already popular in India with more than 10 million households using batteries as back-up in case of load shedding. Battery storage systems are also used to improve the power factor.

text: Solar power plants equipped with

text: battery

text: storage systems wherever

text: net energy metering

text: is implemented can use the stored electricity to feed electricity into the power grid when its frequency is below the rated parameter (50 Hz) and draw the excess cheap power from the grid when its frequency is above the rated parameter. Every day, frequency excursions above and below the rated grid frequency are in the order of 100 times in a day. The solar power plant owner would get nearly double the price for the electricity sent into the grid compared to the electricity consumed from the grid if a frequency-based tariff is offered to rooftop solar power plants or solar power plants dedicated to a distribution substation. A power purchase agreement (PPA) is not needed for solar power plants with a

text: battery storage system

text: to effectively serve

text: ancillary services operations

text: and to transmit generated electricity for captive consumption utilising an open access facility. Battery storage is already popular in India with more than 10 million households using batteries as back-up in case of

text: load shedding

text: . Battery storage systems are also used to improve the

text: power factor

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: double the price

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: frequency excursions above and below the rated grid frequency

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: transmit generated electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The solar power plant owner would get nearly double the price

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar power plants equipped with battery storage systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: batteries

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Every day, frequency excursions above and below the rated grid frequency

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power plants

text: As a solar energy provider, Island Pacific Energy owns, operates and maintains the photovoltaic systems on the roofs of commercial and non-profit entities and sells the clean renewable energy that is generated to the customer under long term power purchase agreements. This arrangement enables customers who cannot take advantage of the incentives (tax credits) to still reap the economic benefits of solar power. Island Pacific Energy was the first company to execute a power purchase agreement with a non-profit entity in the state of Hawaii.

text: As a solar energy provider, Island Pacific Energy owns, operates and maintains the photovoltaic systems on the roofs of commercial and non-profit entities and sells the clean renewable energy that is generated to the customer under long term

text: power purchase agreement

text: s. This arrangement enables customers who cannot take advantage of the incentives (tax credits) to still reap the economic benefits of solar power. Island Pacific Energy was the first company to execute a

text: power purchase agreement

text: with a non-profit entity in the state of Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Hawaii

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: economic benefits

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: tax credits

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: (tax credits) to still reap the economic benefits of solar power.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Hawaii.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: (tax credits)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power.

text: Description: PV solar power are solar modules that are used to generate electricity.

text: Description: PV solar power are solar modules that are used to generate electricity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels need to be placed on a flat surface

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: PV solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV solar power are solar modules that are used to generate electricity.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: PV solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: PV solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV solar power are solar modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar modules

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: PV solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: PV solar power are solar modules that are used to generate electricity.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: PV solar power

text: The Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One is a British mid-wing, experimental, manned solar-powered aircraft that was designed by David Williams and produced by Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments under the direction of Freddie To and first flown on 19 December 1978. It was the third solar-powered aircraft to fly, after the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise and the manned Mauro Solar Riser.

text: The Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One is a

text: British

text: mid-wing

text: experimental

text: , manned

text: solar-powered aircraft

text: that was designed by David Williams and produced by

text: Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments

text: under the direction of Freddie To and first flown on 19 December 1978. It was the third solar-powered aircraft to fly, after the unmanned

text: AstroFlight Sunrise

text: and the manned

text: Mauro Solar Riser

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar One

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise and the manned Mauro Solar Riser

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: manned solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: manned solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-powered

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: manned solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: manned solar-powered aircraft

text: To diversify the national energy pool, the Electricity Regulatory Authority in December 2014 licensed two solar power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts. The stations, Tororo Solar Power Station and Soroti Solar Power Station, are expected to come online no later than December 2015.

text: To diversify the national energy pool, the

text: Electricity Regulatory Authority

text: in December 2014 licensed two solar power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts. The stations,

text: Tororo Solar Power Station

text: and

text: Soroti Solar Power Station

text: , are expected to come online no later than December 2015.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Tororo

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 10 megawatts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power stations,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: diversify the national energy pool,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: the Electricity Regulatory Authority in December 2014 licensed two solar power stations,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power stations,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power stations, each with capacity to generate 10 megawatts.

text: A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy. Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy. The term "solar vehicle" usually implies that solar energy is used to power all or part of a vehicle's propulsion. Solar power may be also used to provide power for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions.

text: A solar vehicle is an

text: electric vehicle

text: powered completely or significantly by direct

text: solar energy

text: . Usually,

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) cells contained in

text: solar panel

text: s convert the

text: sun

text: 's energy directly into

text: electric energy

text: . The term "solar vehicle" usually implies that solar energy is used to power all or part of a vehicle's

text: propulsion

text: Solar power

text: may be also used to provide power for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar vehicles

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used to provide power for communications

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power may be also used to provide power for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar vehicle

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: direct solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic (PV) cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: communications or controls or other auxiliary functions.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.

text: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

text: Solar power is the conversion of

text: sunlight

text: into electricity, either directly using

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV), or indirectly using

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the

text: photoelectric effect

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lenses or mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photoelectric effect

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunlight into electricity,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photoelectric effect.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: Ubiquitous Energy, Inc. is an American solar energy startup company headquartered in Redwood City, California that designs transparent solar technology to absorb ultraviolet and near infrared light (NIR) (wavelength span of λ= 650– 850 nm) while transmitting visible light through its medium called ClearView Power .  Ubiquitous Energy is a privately funded company founded in 2011 by Miles Barr, Vladimir Bulović, and Richard Lunt.  Current solar power is created in solar plants that take up lots of surface area far away from where the energy is consumed.  It is estimated 15% of the energy is lost during distribution.  Ubiquitous Energy's technology allows large cities to be solar plants themselves by converting the windows on buildings into solar energy generators.  Ubiquitous Energy is implementing its ClearView Power  technology into a wide range of products as an invisible, onboard source of electricity.  Some examples of these implementations include mobile devices, windows, an digital signage.

text: Ubiquitous Energy, Inc. is an American

text: solar energy

text: startup company headquartered in

text: Redwood City, California

text: that designs transparent solar technology to absorb

text: ultraviolet

text: and near

text: infrared light

text: (NIR) (wavelength span of λ= 650– 850 nm) while transmitting

text: visible light

text: through its medium called ClearView Power .  Ubiquitous Energy is a privately funded company founded in 2011 by Miles Barr, Vladimir Bulović, and Richard Lunt.  Current solar power is created in solar plants that take up lots of surface area far away from where the energy is consumed.  It is estimated 15% of the energy is lost during distribution.  Ubiquitous Energy's technology allows large cities to be solar plants themselves by converting the windows on buildings into solar energy generators.  Ubiquitous Energy is implementing its ClearView Power  technology into a wide range of products as an invisible, onboard source of electricity.  Some examples of these implementations include mobile devices, windows, an digital signage.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: visible light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is invisible

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: infrared

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 15% of the energy is lost during distribution

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: invisible, onboard source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power is created in solar plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: far away from where the energy is consumed.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: take up lots of surface area far away from where the energy is consumed.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy generators.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: It is estimated 15% of the energy is lost during distribution.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: converting the windows on buildings into solar energy generators.

text: Many large plants are under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm is a 550 MW solar power plant under construction in Riverside County, California, that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Topaz Solar Farm is a 550 MW photovoltaic power plant, being built in San Luis Obispo County, California. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in Riverside County, California. The Agua Caliente Solar Project is a 290 megawatt photovoltaic solar generating facility being built in Yuma County, Arizona. The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley. The 230 MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch is a First Solar photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013.

text: Many large plants are under construction. The

text: Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

text: is a 550 MW

text: solar power

text: plant under construction in

text: Riverside County, California

text: , that will use thin-film solar

text: photovoltaic

text: modules made by

text: First Solar

text: . The

text: Topaz Solar Farm

text: is a 550 MW photovoltaic power plant, being built in

text: San Luis Obispo County, California

text: . The

text: Blythe Solar Power Project

text: is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in

text: Riverside County, California

text: . The

text: Agua Caliente Solar Project

text: is a 290 megawatt photovoltaic solar generating facility being built in

text: Yuma County, Arizona

text: . The

text: California Valley Solar Ranch

text: (CVSR) is a 250

text: megawatt

text: (MW)

text: solar photovoltaic

text: power plant

text: , which is being built by

text: SunPower

text: in the

text: Carrizo Plain

text: , northeast of

text: California Valley

text: . The 230 MW

text: Antelope Valley Solar Ranch

text: is a

text: First Solar

text: photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant under construction in Riverside County, California,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

text: Nuclear power is sometimes proposed for colonies located on the Moon or on Mars, as the supply of solar energy is too discontinuous in these locations; the Moon has nights of two Earth weeks in duration. Mars has nights, relatively high gravity, and an atmosphere featuring large dust storms to cover and degrade solar panels. Also, Mars' greater distance from the Sun (1.5 astronomical units, AU) translates into E/(1.5 = 2.25) only ½-⅔ the solar energy of Earth orbit. Another method would be transmitting energy wirelessly to the lunar or Martian colonies from solar power satellites (SPSs) as described above; the difficulties of generating power in these locations make the relative advantages of SPSs much greater there than for power beamed to locations on Earth.

text: Nuclear power

text: is sometimes proposed for colonies located on the Moon or on Mars, as the supply of solar energy is too discontinuous in these locations; the Moon has nights of two Earth weeks in duration. Mars has nights, relatively high gravity, and an atmosphere featuring

text: large dust storms

text: to cover and degrade solar panels. Also, Mars' greater distance from the Sun (1.5 astronomical units, AU) translates into E/(1.5 = 2.25) only ½-⅔ the solar energy of Earth orbit. Another method would be transmitting energy wirelessly to the lunar or Martian colonies from solar power satellites (SPSs) as described above; the difficulties of generating power in these locations make the relative advantages of SPSs much greater there than for power beamed to locations on Earth.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: orbit

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the Moon has nights of two Earth weeks in duration

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: too discontinuous

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: orbit.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth orbit.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: the difficulties of generating power in these locations

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Nuclear power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: gravity,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the Moon has nights of two Earth weeks in duration.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power satellites

text: While the efficiency of the biohybrid cells are much greater they also have many disadvantages. In many cases some solar cells have the advantages over a biohybrid solar cell. For one, traditional solar cells produce more power than those currently being achieved by biohybrid cells. The lifespan of biohybrid solar cells is also really short lasting from only a few weeks to about nine months. The durability of the cells prove to be an issue since current solar cells can work for many years.

text: While the efficiency of the biohybrid cells are much greater they also have many disadvantages. In many cases some solar cells have the advantages over a biohybrid solar cell. For one, traditional solar cells produce more power than those currently being achieved by biohybrid cells. The lifespan of biohybrid solar cells is also really short lasting from only a few weeks to about nine months. The durability of the cells prove to be an issue since current solar cells can work for many years.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can work for many years

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: biohybrid solar cells are also really short lasting from only a few weeks to about nine months

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar cells have the advantages over a biohybrid solar cell.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: traditional solar cells produce more power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: biohybrid cells.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: traditional solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar cells have the advantages over a biohybrid solar cell.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The lifespan of biohybrid solar cells

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar cells have the advantages over a biohybrid solar cell.

text: In 2010, the County of Ventura completed a solar energy system 492 kilowatts DC in size, on several County buildings. The systems were financed using a solar power purchase agreement, which required no upfront cash from the County. The systems are owned, maintained, and operated by Solar Power Partners and its investors, and were designed and constructed by Solar Power, Inc. The County pays for the solar-generated electricity generated by the system, offsetting a portion of its utility costs.

text: In 2010, the County of Ventura completed a solar energy system 492 kilowatts DC in size, on several County buildings. The systems were financed using a solar

text: power purchase agreement

text: , which required no upfront cash from the County. The systems are owned, maintained, and operated by Solar Power Partners and its investors, and were designed and constructed by Solar Power, Inc. The County pays for the solar-generated electricity generated by the system, offsetting a portion of its utility costs.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ventura

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: requires no upfront cash

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power purchase agreement, which required no upfront cash from the County

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-generated electricity

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy system

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: offsetting a portion of its utility costs.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: the County of Ventura

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar energy system 492 kilowatts DC

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-generated electricity

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy system

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: utility costs.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy system

text: The United States conducted much early research in photovoltaics and concentrated solar power. The U.S. is among the top countries in the world in electricity generated by the Sun and several of the world's largest utility-scale installations are located in the desert Southwest. The oldest solar power plant in the world is the 354-megawatt (MW) SEGS thermal power plant, in California. The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System is a solar thermal power project in the California Mojave Desert, 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Las Vegas, with a gross capacity of 392 MW. The 280 MW Solana Generating Station is a solar power plant near Gila Bend, Arizona, about  southwest of Phoenix, completed in 2013. When commissioned it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with molten salt thermal energy storage.

text: The United States conducted much early research in photovoltaics and concentrated solar power. The U.S. is among the top countries in the world in electricity generated by the Sun and several of the world's largest utility-scale installations are located in the desert Southwest. The oldest

text: solar power plant

text: in the world is the 354-

text: megawatt

text: (MW)

text: SEGS thermal power plant

text: , in California. The

text: Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

text: is a

text: solar thermal power

text: project in the California

text: Mojave Desert

text: , 40 miles (64 km) southwest of

text: Las Vegas

text: , with a gross capacity of 392 MW. The 280 MW

text: Solana Generating Station

text: is a

text: solar power

text: plant near

text: Gila Bend

text: Arizona

text: , about  southwest of

text: Phoenix

text: , completed in 2013. When commissioned it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with

text: molten salt thermal energy storage

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The United States

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the Sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: gross capacity of 392 MW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The U.S. is among the top countries in the world in electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity generated by the Sun

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: desert Southwest.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a gross capacity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: photovoltaics and concentrated solar power.

text: Portugal has surported and  increased the solar electricity (Photovoltaic power)  and solar  thermal energy (solar heating) during 2006-2010.  Portugal was 9th in solar heating in the EU and 8th in solar power based on total volume in 2010.

text: Portugal has surported and  increased the solar electricity (

text: Photovoltaic

text: power)  and solar  thermal energy (

text: solar heating

text: ) during 2006-2010.  Portugal was 9th in

text: solar heating in the EU

text: and 8th in solar power based on total volume in 2010.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Portugal

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: (Photovoltaic power)

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Portugal has surported and increased the solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Portugal has surported and increased the solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: (Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Portugal has surported and increased the solar electricity

text: Solar energy in orbit is abundant, reliable, and is commonly used to power satellites today. There is no night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight. Light intensity obeys an inverse-square law. So the solar energy available at distance d from the Sun is E = 1367/d W/m, where d is measured in astronomical units (AU) and 1367 watts/m is the energy available at the distance of Earth's orbit from the Sun, 1 AU.

text: Solar energy

text: in orbit is abundant, reliable, and is commonly used to power satellites today. There is no night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight. Light intensity obeys an

text: inverse-square law

text: . So the solar energy available at distance d from the Sun is E = 1367/d W/m, where d is measured in

text: astronomical unit

text: s (AU) and 1367 watts/m is the energy available at the distance of Earth's orbit from the Sun, 1 AU.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: orbit

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is abundant

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: clouds

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: orbit is abundant, reliable, and is commonly used to power satellites

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: abundant, reliable,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no night in free space, and no clouds or atmosphere to block sunlight.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: satellites

text: Renewable energy in Luxembourg comes from hydro power, wind, biomass and solar power.

text: Renewable energy

text: in

text: Luxembourg

text: comes from

text: hydro power

text: wind

text: biomass

text: and

text: solar power

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Luxembourg

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels need to be repositioned

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Renewable energy in Luxembourg comes from hydro power, wind, biomass and solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Renewable energy in Luxembourg comes from hydro power, wind, biomass and solar power.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Renewable energy in Luxembourg comes from hydro power, wind, biomass and solar power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: hydro power, wind, biomass and solar power.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: biomass

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power.

text: A solar power station may either concentrate sunlight to make steam, or may use solar panels to directly generate electricity. The following articles contain lists of solar power stations:

text: A

text: solar power

text: station may either concentrate sunlight to make

text: steam

text: , or may use

text: solar panel

text: s to directly generate

text: electricity

text: . The following articles contain lists of solar power stations:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power stations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable energy source

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels can only be used for a short time

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power stations

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight to make steam, or may use solar panels to directly generate electricity.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: steam,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power station

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power station

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight to make steam,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: concentrate sunlight to make steam,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels to directly generate electricity.

text: In modern public-finance literature, there have been two main issues: who can pay and who can benefit (Benefit principle). Influential theories have been the ability theory presented by Arthur Cecil Pigou and the benefit theory developed by Erik Lindahl. There is a later version of the benefit theory known as the "voluntary exchange" theory.

text: In modern public-finance literature, there have been two main issues: who can pay and who can benefit (

text: Benefit principle

text: ). Influential theories have been the ability theory presented by

text: Arthur Cecil Pigou

text: and the benefit theory developed by Erik Lindahl. There is a later version of the benefit theory known as the "voluntary exchange" theory.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefit principle

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: who can pay and who can benefit

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: (Benefit principle).

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: "voluntary exchange"

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: modern public-finance literature,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefit

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: In modern public-finance

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Erik Lindahl.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Erik Lindahl.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "voluntary exchange"

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: who can pay and who can benefit

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Erik Lindahl.

text: A solar bus or solar-charged bus is a bus which is powered exclusively or mainly by solar energy.  A solar-powered bus service is referred to as a solar bus service.  The use of the term "solar bus" normally implies that solar energy is used not only for powering electric equipment on the bus, but also for the propulsion of the vehicle.

text: A solar bus or solar-charged bus is a

text: bus

text: which is powered exclusively or mainly by

text: solar energy

text: .  A solar-powered bus service is referred to as a solar bus service.  The use of the term "solar bus" normally implies that solar energy is used not only for powering electric equipment on the bus, but also for the

text: propulsion

text: of the vehicle.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar buses

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar energy is used not only for powering electric equipment on the bus

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: propulsion

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar bus

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: propulsion of the vehicle.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: A solar bus

text: A community solar farm or garden is a solar power installation that accepts capital from and provides output credit and tax benefits to individual and other investors. In some systems you buy individual solar panels which are installed in the farm after your purchase. In others you purchase kW capacity or kWh of production. The farm's power output is credited to investors in proportion to their investment, with adjustments to reflect ongoing changes in capacity, technology, costs and electricity rates. Companies, cooperatives, governments or non-profits operate the farms.

text: A community solar farm or garden is a

text: solar power

text: installation that accepts capital from and provides output credit and tax benefits to individual and other investors. In some systems you buy individual solar panels which are installed in the farm after your purchase. In others you purchase kW capacity or kWh of production. The farm's power output is credited to investors in proportion to their investment, with adjustments to reflect ongoing changes in capacity, technology, costs and electricity rates. Companies, cooperatives, governments or non-profits operate the farms.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: community solar farms

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs less

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: costs and electricity rates

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: kWh

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: community solar farm

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: tax benefits

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: A community solar farm

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: ongoing changes in capacity, technology, costs and electricity rates.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: A community solar farm

text: Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power and CSP) systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area. Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator. Molten salt can be employed as a thermal energy storage method to retain thermal energy collected by a solar tower or solar trough so that it can be used to generate electricity in bad weather or at night. Since solar fields feed their heat energy into a conventional generation unit with a steam turbine, they can be combined without any problem with fossil fuel hybrid power plants. This hybridization secures energy supply also in unfavourable weather and at night without the need of accelerating costly compensatory plants. A technical challenge is the cooling which is necessary for every heating power system. Dii is therefore reliant either on an adequate water supply, coastal facilities or improved cooling technology.

text: Concentrated solar power

text: (also called concentrating solar power and CSP) systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area. Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator. Molten salt can be employed as a thermal energy storage method to retain thermal energy collected by a solar tower or solar trough so that it can be used to generate electricity in bad weather or at night. Since solar fields feed their heat energy into a conventional generation unit with a steam turbine, they can be combined without any problem with fossil fuel hybrid power plants. This hybridization secures energy supply also in unfavourable weather and at night without the need of accelerating costly compensatory plants. A technical challenge is the cooling which is necessary for every heating power system. Dii is therefore reliant either on an adequate water supply, coastal facilities or improved cooling technology.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: This hybridization secures energy supply also in unfavourable weather and at night without the need of accelerating costly compensatory plants

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors or lenses

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: fossil fuel

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal energy,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: they can be combined without any problem with fossil fuel hybrid power plants.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors or lenses

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator. Molten salt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Molten salt

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: fossil fuel hybrid power plants.

text: The first solar "cars" were actually tricycles or Quadracycles built with bicycle technology. These were called solarmobiles at the first solar race, the Tour de Sol in Switzerland in 1985. With 72 participants, half used solar power exclusively while the other half used solar-human-powered hybrids. A few true solar bicycles were built, either with a large solar roof, a small rear panel, or a trailer with a solar panel. Later more practical solar bicycles were built with foldable panels to be set up only during parking. Even later the panels were left at home, feeding into the electric mains, and the bicycles charged from the mains. Today highly developed electric bicycles are available and these use so little power that it costs little to buy the equivalent amount of solar electricity. The "solar" has evolved from actual hardware to an indirect accounting system. The same system also works for electric motorcycles, which were also first developed for the Tour de Sol.

text: The first solar "cars" were actually tricycles or

text: Quadracycle

text: s built with bicycle technology. These were called solarmobiles at the first solar race, the

text: Tour de Sol

text: in Switzerland in 1985. With 72 participants, half used solar power exclusively while the other half used solar-human-powered hybrids. A few true solar bicycles were built, either with a large solar roof, a small rear panel, or a trailer with a solar panel. Later more practical solar bicycles were built with foldable panels to be set up only during parking. Even later the panels were left at home, feeding into the electric mains, and the bicycles charged from the mains. Today highly developed

text: electric bicycles

text: are available and these use so little power that it costs little to buy the equivalent amount of solar electricity. The "solar" has evolved from actual hardware to an indirect accounting system. The same system also works for electric motorcycles, which were also first developed for the

text: Tour de Sol

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solarmobiles

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs little

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it costs little to buy the equivalent amount of solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: electric mains,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solarmobiles

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs little to buy the equivalent amount of solar electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: tricycles or Quadracycles

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar roof,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar roof,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: electric mains,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: foldable panels to be set up only during parking.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: bicycle technology.

text: Solar technologies are characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than Geothermal power and Tidal power, derive their energy either directly or indirectly from the Sun.

text: Solar technologies are characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than

text: Geothermal power

text: and

text: Tidal power

text: , derive their energy either directly or indirectly from the Sun.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: renewable energies

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be harnessed

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar technologies

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: mostly depending on distance from the equator

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Geothermal power and Tidal power,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: indirectly

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: all renewable energies,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: distance from the equator.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: capture, convert and distribute sunlight

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Geothermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: distance from the equator.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar technologies

text: Other suitable heat sources include concentrated solar energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy, waste heat and bioenergy. If solar power is used as a heat source, regular solar mirrors and solar dishes may be utilised. The use of Fresnel lenses and mirrors has also been advocated, for example in planetary surface exploration. Solar powered Stirling engines are increasingly popular as they offer an environmentally sound option for producing power while some designs are economically attractive in development projects.

text: Other suitable heat sources include

text: concentrated solar energy

text: geothermal energy

text: nuclear energy

text: waste heat

text: and

text: bioenergy

text: . If solar power is used as a heat source, regular

text: solar mirror

text: s and solar dishes may be utilised. The use of

text: Fresnel lens

text: es and mirrors has also been advocated, for example in planetary surface exploration. Solar powered Stirling engines are increasingly popular as they offer an environmentally sound option for producing power while some designs are economically attractive in development projects.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: environmentally sound

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: some designs are economically attractive in development projects

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heat sources

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrated solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: environmentally sound option for producing power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar mirrors and solar dishes

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal energy, nuclear energy, waste heat

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: regular solar mirrors and solar dishes may be utilised.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: regular solar mirrors and solar dishes

text: Several large-scale solar power facilities are under development in Africa including projects in South Africa and Algeria. Although solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people, and has been used to generate power on a large scale in developed nations, its greatest potential in Africa may be to provide power on a smaller scale and to use this energy to help with day-to-day needs such as small-scale electrification, desalination, water pumping, and water purification.

text: Several large-scale solar power facilities are under development in Africa including projects in

text: South Africa

text: and

text: Algeria

text: . Although solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people, and has been used to generate power on a large scale in developed nations, its greatest potential in Africa may be to provide power on a smaller scale and to use this energy to help with day-to-day needs such as small-scale electrification,

text: desalination

text: water pumping

text: , and

text: water purification

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can supply energy to large numbers of people

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power technology has the potential to supply energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power facilities are under development in Africa

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Several

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power technology

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: desalination,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power technology has the potential to supply energy to large numbers of people,

text: Florida Power and Light announced in October 2014 that it would build three more power plants by the end of 2016. The FPL Manatee Solar Energy Center will be located in Manatee County at a natural gas power plant, FPL Citris Solar Energy Center will be in DeSoto County, near the FPL DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center, and FPL Babcock Ranch Solar Energy Center will be in Charlotte County. The three plants together would generate 225 MW, approximately the same as the total solar power installed in the entire state.

text: Florida Power and Light announced in October 2014 that it would build three more power plants by the end of 2016. The FPL Manatee Solar Energy Center will be located in

text: Manatee County

text: at a natural gas power plant, FPL Citris Solar Energy Center will be in DeSoto County, near the FPL DeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center, and FPL Babcock Ranch Solar Energy Center will be in Charlotte County. The three plants together would generate 225 MW, approximately the same as the total solar power installed in the entire state.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: natural gas power plant

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: 225 MW,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power installed in the entire state.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 225 MW,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 225 MW,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: natural gas power plant,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: approximately the same as the total solar power installed in the entire state.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: approximately the same as the total solar power installed in the entire state.

text: At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750 megawatts (MW). By February 2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW. Solar power use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of reductions in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and the introduction of a Feed-in tariff (FIT) subsidy in April 2010. In 2012, the government said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years, representing 22,000 MW of installed solar power capacity by 2020.

text: At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750

text: megawatts

text: (MW). By February 2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW.

text: Solar power

text: use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of reductions in the cost of

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) panels, and the introduction of a

text: Feed-in tariff

text: (FIT) subsidy in April 2010. In 2012, the government said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years, representing 22,000 MW of installed solar power capacity by 2020.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: megawatts

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduces the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reductions in the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years,

text: Inexpensive inverters can convert DC power to AC by simply turning the DC side of the power on and off 120 times a second, inverting the voltage every other cycle. The result is a square-wave that is close enough to AC power for many devices. However, this sort of solution is not useful in the solar power case, where the goal is to convert as much of the power from the solar power into AC as possible. If one uses these inexpensive types of inverters, all of the power generated during the time that the DC side is turned off is simply lost, and this represents a significant amount of each cycle.

text: Inexpensive inverters can convert DC power to AC by simply turning the DC side of the power on and off 120 times a second, inverting the voltage every other cycle. The result is a square-wave that is close enough to AC power for many devices. However, this sort of solution is not useful in the solar power case, where the goal is to convert as much of the power from the

text: solar power

text: into AC as possible. If one uses these inexpensive types of inverters, all of the power generated during the time that the DC side is turned off is simply lost, and this represents a significant amount of each cycle.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: square-wave

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not require inverters

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: inverters

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the DC side is turned off is simply lost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: square-wave

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power into AC as possible.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Inexpensive inverters

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Inexpensive inverters

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: square-wave

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lost,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power

text: The Solar Energy Technologies Program focuses on accelerating the advancement of solar energy technologies. Its four subprograms are photovoltaics, concentrating solar power, market transformation, and systems integration.

text: The Solar Energy Technologies Program focuses on accelerating the advancement of solar energy technologies. Its four subprograms are

text: photovoltaics

text: concentrating solar power

text: market transformation

text: , and systems integration.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy technologies

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: concentrating solar power,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrating solar power,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy technologies.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar energy technologies.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Solar Energy Technologies Program

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrating solar power,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: concentrating solar power,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Solar Energy Technologies Program

text: Superman's powers rely on his cells' ability to absorb and metabolize solar energy from yellow stars like Earth's sun or a blue star. His Kryptonian body is a living "solar battery" that absorbs solar energies and converts them to fuel for vast superhuman abilities that wouldn't otherwise be afforded under Rao, Krypton's red supergiant. His cells also store yellow sun energy so he can use his powers under objects, at night, in dark places, and in space. Thus, Superman is able to breathe in space and does not need to eat, drink or even sleep (although he does them out of habit), so long as he remains under a yellow or blue star.

text: Superman's powers rely on his cells' ability to absorb and metabolize

text: solar energy

text: from yellow

text: star

text: s like Earth's sun or a blue star. His Kryptonian body is a living "solar battery" that absorbs solar energies and converts them to fuel for vast superhuman abilities that wouldn't otherwise be afforded under

text: Rao

text: , Krypton's

text: red supergiant

text: . His cells also store yellow sun energy so he can use his powers under objects, at night, in dark places, and in space. Thus, Superman is able to breathe in space and does not need to eat, drink or even sleep (although he does them out of habit), so long as he remains under a yellow or blue star.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: blue star

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Superman

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: stars

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: superhuman abilities

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: yellow stars

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: yellow stars

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth's sun or a blue star.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: superhuman abilities

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: yellow stars

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: yellow stars

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy from yellow stars

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: metabolize solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Rao, Krypton's red supergiant.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Superman's

text: The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm is a 550 MW power plant in Riverside County, California, that uses thin-film CdTe-modules made by First Solar. As of November 2014, the 550 megawatt Topaz Solar Farm was the largest photovoltaic power plant in the world. This was surpassed by the 579 MW Solar Star complex. The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is Longyangxia Dam Solar Park, in Gonghe County, Qinghai, China.

text: The

text: Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

text: is a 550 MW power plant in

text: Riverside County, California

text: , that uses

text: thin-film

text: CdTe-modules

text: made by

text: First Solar

text: . As of November 2014, the 550 megawatt

text: Topaz Solar Farm

text: was the largest photovoltaic power plant in the world. This was surpassed by the 579 MW

text: Solar Star

text: complex. The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is

text: Longyangxia Dam

text: Solar Park, in

text: Gonghe County

text: Qinghai

text: China

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thin-film CdTe

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 550 MW power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: thin-film CdTe-modules

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: thin-film CdTe-modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: thin-film CdTe-modules

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thin-film CdTe-modules

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thin-film CdTe-modules

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

text: The Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of solar power are in the range of 22 to 46 gram (g) per kilowatt-hour (kWh) depending on if solar thermal or solar PV is being analyzed, respectively. With this potentially being decreased to 15 g/kWh in the future.For comparison (of weighted averages), a combined cycle gas-fired power plant emits some 400–599 g/kWh, an oil-fired power plant 893 g/kWh, a coal-fired power plant 915–994 g/kWh or with carbon capture and storage some 200 g/kWh, and a geothermal high-temp. power plant 91–122 g/kWh. The life cycle emission intensity of hydro, wind and nuclear power are lower than solar's as of 2011 as published by the IPCC, and discussed in the article Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources. Similar to all energy sources were their total life cycle emissions primarily lay in the construction and transportation phase, the switch to low carbon power in the manufacturing and transportation of solar devices would further reduce carbon emissions.  BP Solar owns two factories built by Solarex (one in Maryland, the other in Virginia) in which all of the energy used to manufacture solar panels is produced by solar panels. A 1-kilowatt system eliminates the burning of approximately 170 pounds of coal, 300 pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere, and saves up to 105 gallons of water consumption monthly.

text: The

entity_name: Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources

text: Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of solar power

text: are in the range of 22 to 46 gram (g) per

text: kilowatt-hour

text: (kWh) depending on if solar thermal or solar PV is being analyzed, respectively. With this potentially being decreased to 15 g/kWh in the future.For comparison (of weighted averages), a

text: combined cycle

text: gas-fired power plant emits some 400–599 g/kWh, an oil-fired power plant 893 g/kWh, a coal-fired power plant 915–994 g/kWh or with

text: carbon capture and storage

text: some 200 g/kWh, and a

text: geothermal

text: high-temp. power plant 91–122 g/kWh. The life cycle emission intensity of

text: hydro

text: wind

text: and

text: nuclear power

text: are lower than solar's as of 2011 as published by the IPCC, and discussed in the article

text: Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources

text: . Similar to all energy sources were their total life cycle emissions primarily lay in the construction and transportation phase, the switch to

text: low carbon power

text: in the manufacturing and transportation of solar devices would further reduce carbon emissions.  BP Solar owns two factories built by Solarex (one in Maryland, the other in Virginia) in which all of the energy used to manufacture solar panels is produced by solar panels. A 1-kilowatt system eliminates the burning of approximately 170 pounds of coal, 300 pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere, and saves up to 105 gallons of water consumption monthly.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduce carbon emissions

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The life cycle emission intensity of hydro, wind and nuclear power are lower than solar's as of 2011

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear power are lower than solar's

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: saves up to 105 gallons of water consumption monthly.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: their total life cycle emissions primarily lay in the construction and transportation phase,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar devices

text: In the August 2016 earnings call, Elon Musk announced that Solar City would be introducing a new product where the photovoltaic electrical energy generating devices and system would make up an entire roof surface, rather than merely be the mounting of solar panels on an existing roof, stating "It’s not a thing on a roof. It is the roof," as solar energy systems have generally been designed and installed during the early decades of terrestrial solar power. Assorted styles of solar roof tiles, made of glass, were unveiled at Universal Studios' Colonial Street backlot street set in late October 2016. Also unveiled was the Tesla Powerwall 2, a home battery product designed to store surplus power, either from the tiles or from the grid. Consumer Reports compared the estimated economy of solar roofs to traditional roofing.

text: In the August 2016 earnings call, Elon Musk announced that Solar City would be introducing a new product where the photovoltaic electrical energy generating devices and system would make up an entire roof surface, rather than merely be the mounting of solar panels on an existing roof, stating "It’s not a thing on a roof. It is the roof," as solar energy systems have generally been designed and installed during the early decades of terrestrial solar power. Assorted styles of solar roof tiles, made of glass, were unveiled at

text: Universal Studios

text: Colonial Street

text: backlot street set in late October 2016. Also unveiled was the

text: Tesla Powerwall

text: 2, a home battery product designed to store surplus power, either from the tiles or from the grid.

text: Consumer Reports

text: compared the estimated economy of solar roofs to traditional roofing.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy systems

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: estimated economy of solar roofs to traditional roofing

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels on an existing roof

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: terrestrial solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: terrestrial solar power.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: terrestrial solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: economy of solar roofs

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels on an existing roof,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: estimated economy of solar roofs to traditional roofing.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels on an existing roof,

text: One advantage of such a geographically dispersed and dynamically balanced system is that the need for baseload generation is significantly reduced since intermittency of some sources such as ocean, solar, and wind can be smoothed.A series of detailed modeling studies by Dr. Gregor Czisch, which looked at the European-wide adoption of renewable energy and interlinking power grids using HVDC cables, indicates that Europe's entire power usage could come from renewables, with 70% total energy from wind at the same level of cost or lower as at present.

text: One advantage of such a geographically dispersed and dynamically balanced system is that the need for

text: baseload

text: generation is significantly reduced since

text: intermittency of some sources

text: such as

text: ocean

text: solar

text: , and

text: wind

text: can be smoothed.A series of detailed modeling studies by Dr. Gregor Czisch, which looked at the European-wide adoption of renewable energy and interlinking power grids using

text: HVDC

text: cables, indicates that Europe's entire power usage could come from renewables, with 70% total energy from wind at the same level of cost or lower as at present.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: need for baseload generation is significantly reduced

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittency

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: intermittency

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: intermittency

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: the need for baseload generation is significantly reduced

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar, and wind can be smoothed.A

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: HVDC cables,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: HVDC cables,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittency

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Europe's entire power usage could come from renewables,

text: Xconomy wrote about the debate over the status of the workers within the sharing economy, whether they should be treated as contract workers or employees of the companies. This issue seems to be most relevant among sharing economy companies such as Uber. The reason this has become such a big issue is that the two types of workers are treated very differently. Contract workers are not guaranteed any benefits and pay can be below average. However, if they are employees, they are granted access to benefits and pay is generally higher. The State of California is trying to go after Uber and make them pay a fine to compensate workers fairly. The California Public Utilities Commission was working on a case that "addresses the same underlying issue seen in the contract worker controversy—whether the new ways of operating in the sharing economy model should be subject to the same regulations governing traditional businesses".Business Insider wrote that companies such as Airbnb and Uber do not share their reputation data with the very users who it belongs to. This is an issue since no matter how well you behave on any one platform, your reputation doesn't travel with you. This fragmentation has some negative consequences, such as the Airbnb squatters who had previously deceived Kickstarter users to the tune of $40,000. Sharing data between these platforms could have prevented the repeat incident. Business Insider's view is that since the Sharing Economy is in its infancy, this has been accepted. However, as the industry matures, this will need to change.

text: Xconomy

text: wrote about the debate over the status of the workers within the sharing economy, whether they should be treated as

text: contract workers

text: or

text: employees

text: of the companies. This issue seems to be most relevant among sharing economy companies such as Uber. The reason this has become such a big issue is that the two types of workers are treated very differently. Contract workers are not guaranteed any benefits and pay can be below average. However, if they are employees, they are granted access to benefits and pay is generally higher. The State of California is trying to go after Uber and make them pay a fine to compensate workers fairly. The

text: California Public Utilities Commission

text: was working on a case that "addresses the same underlying issue seen in the contract worker controversy—whether the new ways of operating in the sharing economy model should be subject to the same regulations governing traditional businesses".

text: Business Insider

text: wrote that companies such as Airbnb and Uber do not share their reputation data with the very users who it belongs to. This is an issue since no matter how well you behave on any one platform, your reputation doesn't travel with you. This fragmentation has some negative consequences, such as the Airbnb squatters who had previously deceived Kickstarter users to the tune of $40,000. Sharing data between these platforms could have prevented the repeat incident. Business Insider's view is that since the Sharing Economy is in its infancy, this has been accepted. However, as the industry matures, this will need to change.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be cheaper

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: This fragmentation has some negative consequences,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: contract workers

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: contract workers

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: sharing economy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: pay is generally higher.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Contract workers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Contract workers

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: contract workers or employees of the companies.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Contract workers are not guaranteed any benefits and pay can be below average.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: as the industry matures, this will need to change.

text: All 21 stations, the train depot, and the NMRC offices will be powered by solar energy. The NMRC will install solar panels on the rooftops of all stations, footbridges, its main office building, the depot and parking lot boundary walls to generate an estimated 12 MW of solar power daily. The metro system will also be supplemented with conventional electricity, which will also be used as a back up. Trains will not be powered by solar power, and will instead use conventional power supply.

text: All 21 stations, the train depot, and the NMRC offices will be powered by solar energy. The NMRC will install solar panels on the rooftops of all stations, footbridges, its main office building, the depot and parking lot boundary walls to generate an estimated 12 MW of solar power daily. The metro system will also be supplemented with conventional electricity, which will also be used as a back up. Trains will not be powered by solar power, and will instead use conventional power supply.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The NMRC

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: trains will not be powered by solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Trains will not be powered by solar power,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power daily.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Trains will not be powered by solar power,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Trains will not be powered by solar power,

text: Solar power use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of reductions in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and the introduction of a FIT subsidy in April 2010. At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750 megawatts (MW). By February 2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW. In 2012, the government said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years. The government expects Britain to have 22 gigawatts of installed solar power capacity by 2020.

text: Solar power

text: use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of reductions in the cost of

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) panels, and the introduction of a FIT subsidy in April 2010. At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750 megawatts (MW). By February 2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW. In 2012, the government said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years. The government expects Britain to have 22

text: gigawatts

text: of installed solar power capacity by 2020.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduces the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reductions in the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power use has increased very rapidly in recent years,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years.

text: Solar thermal systems have been constructed to produce concentrated solar power (CSP), for generating electricity. The large Sandia Lab solar power tower uses a Stirling engine heated by a solar mirror concentrator.  Another configuration is the trough system.

text: Solar thermal

text: systems have been constructed to produce

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP), for generating electricity. The large Sandia Lab

text: solar power tower

text: uses a

text: Stirling engine

text: heated by a solar mirror

text: concentrator

text: .  Another configuration is the trough system.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal systems

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar mirror concentrator

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: trough system

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar thermal systems have been constructed to produce concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar thermal systems have been constructed to produce concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar thermal systems have been constructed to produce concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar mirror concentrator.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar mirror concentrator.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: generating electricity.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar thermal systems have been constructed to produce concentrated solar power

text: In 2007, the first commercially operated solar tower power plant, the PS10 solar power tower, was commissioned. It has a capacity of eleven megawatt and it is located near Sevilla, in Sanlúcar la Mayor (Spain). DLR is prominently involved in developing the technology for this type of power plant. In solar tower power plants, sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) redirect the solar radiation onto a central heat exchanger (receiver) on top of a tower. This generates high-temperature process heat, which can then be used in gas or steam turbine power plants to generate electrical power for the public electricity grid. In the future, solar thermal tower plant technology could also be used to generate solar fuels, such as hydrogen, without  emissions.

text: In 2007, the first commercially operated

text: solar tower power plant

text: , the

text: PS10 solar power tower

text: , was commissioned. It has a capacity of eleven megawatt and it is located near Sevilla, in

text: Sanlúcar la Mayor

text: (Spain). DLR is prominently involved in developing the technology for this type of power plant. In solar tower power plants, sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) redirect the solar radiation onto a central heat exchanger (receiver) on top of a tower. This generates high-temperature process heat, which can then be used in gas or steam turbine power plants to generate electrical power for the public electricity grid. In the future, solar thermal tower plant technology could also be used to generate solar fuels, such as hydrogen, without  emissions.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar tower power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: generates high-temperature process heat

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: sun-tracking mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal tower plant technology could also be used to generate solar fuels, such as hydrogen

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: gas or steam turbine power plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar tower power plant,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: without emissions.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar tower power plant,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: sun-tracking mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat exchanger

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: emissions.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: hydrogen, without emissions.

text: There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in Riverside County, California. The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley. The 230 MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch is a First Solar photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013. The Mesquite Solar project is a photovoltaic solar power plant being built in Arlington, Maricopa County, Arizona, owned by Sempra Generation. Phase 1 will have a nameplate capacity of 150 megawatts.

text: There are also many large plants under construction. The

text: Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

text: under construction in

text: Riverside County, California

text: and

text: Topaz Solar Farm

text: being built in

text: San Luis Obispo County, California

text: are both 550

text: MW

text: solar park

text: s that will use thin-film solar

text: photovoltaic

text: modules made by

text: First Solar

text: . The

text: Blythe Solar Power Project

text: is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in

text: Riverside County, California

text: . The

text: California Valley Solar Ranch

text: (CVSR) is a 250

text: megawatt

text: (MW)

text: solar photovoltaic

text: power plant

text: , which is being built by

text: SunPower

text: in the

text: Carrizo Plain

text: , northeast of

text: California Valley

text: . The 230 MW

text: Antelope Valley Solar Ranch

text: is a

text: First Solar

text: photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013. The

text: Mesquite Solar project

text: is a photovoltaic solar power plant being built in

text: Arlington

text: Maricopa County

text: , Arizona, owned by

text: Sempra Generation

text: . Phase 1 will have a

text: nameplate capacity

text: of 150

text: megawatt

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Phase 1 will have a nameplate capacity of 150 megawatts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a nameplate capacity of 150 megawatts.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

text: The extent to which the intermittency of solar-generated electricity is an issue will depend on the degree to which the generation profile of solar corresponds to demand. For example, solar thermal power plants such as Nevada Solar One are somewhat matched to summer peak loads in areas with significant cooling demands, such as the south-western United States. Thermal energy storage systems like the small Spanish Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant can improve the match between solar supply and local consumption. The improved capacity factor using thermal storage represents a decrease in maximum capacity, and extends the total time the system generates power.

text: The extent to which the intermittency of solar-generated electricity is an issue will depend on the degree to which the generation profile of solar corresponds to demand. For example, solar thermal power plants such as

text: Nevada Solar One

text: are somewhat matched to summer peak loads in areas with significant cooling demands, such as the south-western United States. Thermal energy storage systems like the small Spanish

text: Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant

text: can improve the match between solar supply and local consumption. The improved capacity factor using thermal storage represents a decrease in maximum capacity, and extends the total time the system generates power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Nevada Solar One

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: extends the total time the system generates power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittency

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal power plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-generated electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: intermittency

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: significant cooling demands,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar thermal power plants

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittency

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The extent to which the intermittency of solar-generated electricity

text: Solar cars are electric vehicles powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy, usually, through photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels that convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy.

text: Solar cars are electric vehicles powered completely or significantly by direct

text: solar energy

text: , usually, through

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) cells contained in

text: solar panel

text: s that convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cars are electric vehicles

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar cars are electric vehicles powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar cars

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic (PV) cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic (PV) cells

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar cars

text: Spain is one of the most advanced countries in the development of solar energy, and it is one of the European countries with the most hours of sunshine. In 2008 the Spanish government committed to achieving a target of 12 percent of primary energy from renewable energy by 2010 and by 2020 expects the installed solar generating capacity of 10,000 megawatts (MW). Spain is the fourth largest manufacturer in the world of solar power technology and exports 80 percent of this output to Germany.  Spain added a record 2.6 GW of solar power in 2008, increasing capacity to 3.5 GW.  Total solar power in Spain was 3.859 GW by the end of 2010 and solar energy produced 6.9 terawatt-hours (TW·h), covering 2.7% of the electricity demand in 2010. By the end of 2012, 4.516 GW had been installed, and that year 8.169 TWh of electricity was produced.

text: Spain

text: is one of the most advanced countries in the development of

text: solar energy

text: , and it is one of the European countries with the most hours of sunshine. In 2008 the Spanish government committed to achieving a target of 12 percent of primary energy from

text: renewable energy

text: by 2010 and by 2020 expects the installed solar generating capacity of 10,000

text: megawatts

text: (MW). Spain is the fourth largest manufacturer in the world of

text: solar power

text: technology and exports 80 percent of this output to

text: Germany

text: Spain

text: added a record 2.6 GW of solar power in 2008, increasing capacity to 3.5 GW.  Total solar power in

text: Spain

text: was 3.859 GW by the end of 2010 and solar energy produced 6.9

text: terawatt-hour

text: s (TW·h), covering 2.7% of the electricity demand in 2010. By the end of 2012, 4.516 GW had been installed, and that year 8.169 TWh of electricity was produced.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: megawatts

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Spain

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: megawatts

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Spain is the fourth largest manufacturer in the world of solar power technology and exports 80 percent of this output to Germany

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: terawatt-hours

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Spain is one of the most advanced countries in the development of solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Spain

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 10,000 megawatts

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunshine.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 2.7% of the electricity demand

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: by 2020 expects the installed solar generating capacity of 10,000 megawatts

text: Gujarat has been a leader in solar power generation in India due to several factors:  a very high solar power potential, availability of wasteland, good connectivity, transmission and distribution infrastructure, and efficient utilities.  These attributes are complemented by a strong political will and an investment, according to a report by the Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP). The robust 2009 Solar Power of Gujarat policy framework, financing mechanism, and incentives, have contributed to creating an enabling a green investment climate in the state, and have led to ambitious targets for grid-connected solar power.

text: Gujarat has been a leader in solar power generation in India due to several factors:  a very high solar power potential, availability of wasteland, good connectivity, transmission and distribution infrastructure, and efficient utilities.  These attributes are complemented by a strong political will and an investment, according to a report by the

entity_name: Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP)

text: Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP)

text: . The robust 2009 Solar Power of Gujarat policy framework, financing mechanism, and incentives, have contributed to creating an enabling a

text: green

text: investment climate in the state, and have led to ambitious targets for grid-connected solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wasteland

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Gujarat

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: availability of wasteland

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: grid-connected solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wasteland,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power generation in India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: a very high solar power potential,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Gujarat has been a leader in solar power generation in India

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: transmission and distribution infrastructure,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: availability of wasteland,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: grid-connected solar power.

text: The Solar Sharing model is based on the idea of sharing.A group of people comes together to build a solar power plant, medium or large, and distributes construction costs within the group. When the plant begins to produce energy, the proceeds from the sale of energy are redistributed within the group, in proportion to the contribution made to the project. The application of this model reduces both initial and maintenance costs, due to economies of scale that arise compared to the creation of many small domestic installations.

text: The Solar Sharing model is based on the idea of sharing.A group of people comes together to build a solar power plant, medium or large, and distributes construction costs within the group. When the plant begins to produce energy, the proceeds from the sale of energy are redistributed within the group, in proportion to the contribution made to the project. The application of this model reduces both initial and maintenance costs, due to economies of scale that arise compared to the creation of many small domestic installations.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: economies of scale

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: people

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: maintenance costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: economies of scale

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Solar Sharing model

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: sharing.A group of people

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: small domestic installations.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power plant,

text: The Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One was designed by David Williams under the direction of Freddie To, an architect and member of the Kremer prize committee and produced by Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments. A motor-glider type aircraft originally built as a pedal-powered airplane to attempt the Channel crossing, the airplane proved too heavy to be successfully powered by human power and was then converted to solar power, using an electric motor driven by batteries that were charged before flight by a solar cell array on the wing. The maiden flight of Solar One took place at Lasham Airfield; Hampshire on June 13, 1979.

text: The

entity_name: Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One

text: Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One

text: was designed by David Williams under the direction of Freddie To, an architect and member of the

text: Kremer prize

text: committee and produced by

text: Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments

text: . A motor-glider type aircraft originally built as a pedal-powered airplane to attempt the Channel crossing, the airplane proved too heavy to be successfully powered by human power and was then converted to solar power, using an electric motor driven by batteries that were charged before flight by a solar cell array on the wing. The maiden flight of Solar One took place at Lasham Airfield; Hampshire on June 13, 1979.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cell array

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar One

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cell array on the wing

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: batteries that were charged before flight by a solar cell

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cell array on the wing.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar cell array on the wing.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cell array

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cell

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar cell

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heavy to be successfully powered by human power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar cell array on the wing.

text: The PS20 solar power plant (PS20)  solar power plant is a solar thermal energy plant in Sanlucar la Mayor near Seville in Andalusia, Spain. It was the world's most powerful solar power tower until the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in California became operational in 2014. The 20 megawatt (MW) solar power tower produces electricity with large movable mirrors called heliostats.

text: The PS20 solar power plant (PS20)  solar power plant is a

text: solar thermal energy

text: plant in

text: Sanlucar la Mayor

text: near

text: Seville

text: in

text: Andalusia

text: , Spain. It was the world's most powerful solar power tower until the

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: in California became operational in 2014. The 20

text: megawatt

text: (MW)

text: solar power tower

text: produces electricity with large movable mirrors called

text: heliostat

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Sanlucar la Mayor

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal energy plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Spain.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: heliostats.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: large movable mirrors

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in California became operational in 2014.

text: It has been estimated that Russia's gross potential for solar energy is 2.3 trillion tce. The regions with the best solar radiation potential are the North Caucasus, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea areas, and southern parts of Siberia and the Far East. This potential is largely unused, although the possibilities for off-grid solar energy or hybrid applications in remote areas are huge. However, the construction of a single solar power plant Kislovodskaya SPP (1.5 MW) has been delayed.

text: It has been estimated that Russia's gross potential for solar energy is 2.3 trillion tce. The regions with the best solar radiation potential are the North Caucasus, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea areas, and southern parts of Siberia and the Far East. This potential is largely unused, although the possibilities for off-grid solar energy or hybrid applications in remote areas are huge. However, the construction of a single solar power plant Kislovodskaya SPP (1.5 MW) has been delayed.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Russia

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: off-grid solar energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: construction of a single solar power plant Kislovodskaya SPP (1.5 MW) has been delayed

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Russia's gross potential for solar energy is 2.3 trillion tce.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Russia's

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: off-grid solar energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The regions with the best solar radiation potential are the North Caucasus,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power plant Kislovodskaya SPP

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: delayed.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: off-grid solar energy or hybrid applications

text: Each distributed generation resource has its own integration issues. Solar PV and wind power both have intermittent and unpredictable generation, so they create many stability issues for voltage and frequency. These voltage issues affect mechanical grid equipment, such as load tap changers, which  respond too often and wear out much more quickly than utilities anticipated. Also, without any form of energy storage during times of high solar generation, companies must rapidly increase generation around the time of sunset to compensate for the loss of solar generation. This high ramp rate produces what the industry terms the duck curve  (example) that is a major concern for grid operators in the future. Storage can fix these issues if it can be implemented. Flywheels have shown to provide excellent frequency regulation. Short term use batteries, at a large enough scale of use, can help to flatten the duck curve and prevent generator use fluctuation and can help to maintain voltage profile. However, cost is a major limiting factor for energy storage as each technique is prohibitively expensive to produce at scale and comparatively not energy dense compared to liquid fossil fuels. Finally, another necessary method of aiding in integration of photovoltaics for proper distributed generation is in the use of intelligent hybrid inverters.

text: Each distributed generation resource has its own integration issues. Solar PV and wind power both have intermittent and unpredictable generation, so they create many stability issues for voltage and frequency. These voltage issues affect mechanical grid equipment, such as load tap changers, which  respond too often and wear out much more quickly than utilities anticipated. Also, without any form of energy storage during times of high solar generation, companies must rapidly increase generation around the time of sunset to compensate for the loss of solar generation. This high ramp rate produces what the industry terms the

text: duck curve

text: (example) that is a major concern for grid operators in the future. Storage can fix these issues if it can be implemented. Flywheels have shown to provide excellent frequency regulation. Short term use batteries, at a large enough scale of use, can help to flatten the duck curve and prevent generator use fluctuation and can help to maintain voltage profile. However, cost is a major limiting factor for energy storage as each technique is prohibitively expensive to produce at scale and comparatively not energy dense compared to liquid fossil fuels. Finally, another necessary method of aiding in integration of photovoltaics for proper distributed generation is in the use of

text: intelligent hybrid inverter

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: intermittent and unpredictable generation

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Intermittent and unpredictable generation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar PV and wind power both have intermittent and unpredictable generation,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar PV

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: unpredictable generation,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar generation,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar PV

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Flywheels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Flywheels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittent and unpredictable generation,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar PV and wind power both have intermittent and unpredictable generation,

text: A 2013 study by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory concluded that utility-scale solar power plants directly disturb an average of 2.7 to 2.9 acres per gigawatt-hour/year, and use from 3.5 to 3.8 acres per gW-hr/year for the entire sites. According to a 2009 study, this intensity of land use is less than that of the average US power plant using surface-mined coal. Some of the land in the eastern portion of the Mojave Desert is to be preserved, but the solar industry is more interested in areas of the western desert, "where the sun burns hotter and there is easier access to transmission lines".

text: A 2013 study by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory concluded that utility-scale solar power plants directly disturb an average of 2.7 to 2.9 acres per gigawatt-hour/year, and use from 3.5 to 3.8 acres per gW-hr/year for the entire sites. According to a 2009 study, this intensity of land use is less than that of the average US power plant using surface-mined coal. Some of the land in the eastern portion of the Mojave Desert is to be preserved, but the solar industry is more interested in areas of the western desert, "where the sun burns hotter and there is easier access to transmission lines".

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: gigawatts

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: land use is less

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: transmission lines

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: indirectly disturb an average of 2.7 to 2.9 acres per gigawatt-hour/year

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: surface-mined coal.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: intensity of land use is less

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: the sun burns hotter and there is easier access to transmission lines".

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: transmission lines".

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: surface-mined coal.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: directly disturb

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: utility-scale solar power plants

text: The solarship's wing-ship design allows for extreme short takeoff and landing (XSTOL), such as in a soccer field. Its design provides a large surface area for solar electric power, allowing long, self- sufficient range. A solarship does not need to be solar powered and can be powered by traditional combustion. However, the goal is to develop a new mode of transportation that does not depend on fossil fuels, roads, or runways. The solarship can access areas where planes, trucks, ships and airships cannot, delivering cargo to the places that are currently cut off from the benefits of the connected world. Each solar plane is designed and built to the requirements of a mission. Currently, there are three initial missions with specific requirements: the Wolverine, the Caracal, and the Nanuq. Solar Ship's active mission, as of December 2015, is Mission Burundi.

text: The solarship's wing-ship design allows for extreme short takeoff and landing (XSTOL), such as in a soccer field. Its design provides a large surface area for solar electric power, allowing long, self- sufficient range. A solarship does not need to be solar powered and can be powered by traditional combustion. However, the goal is to develop a new mode of transportation that does not depend on fossil fuels, roads, or runways. The solarship can access areas where planes, trucks, ships and airships cannot, delivering cargo to the places that are currently cut off from the benefits of the connected world. Each solar plane is designed and built to the requirements of a mission. Currently, there are three initial missions with specific requirements: the Wolverine, the Caracal, and the Nanuq. Solar Ship's active mission, as of December 2015, is Mission Burundi.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: XSTOL

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solarship

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: long, self- sufficient range

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: A solarship does not need to be solar powered and can be powered by traditional combustion

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: traditional combustion.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electric power,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar electric power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: long, self- sufficient range.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar electric power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar electric power,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: traditional combustion.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: combustion.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: traditional combustion.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: fossil fuels, roads, or runways.

text: Issues exist that currently prevent a shift over to a 100% renewable technologies. There is debate over the environmental impact of solar power, and the environmental impact of wind power. Some argue that the pollution produced and requirement of rare earth elements offsets many of the benefits compared to other alternative power sources such as hydroelectric, geothermal, and nuclear power. According to the 2013 Post Carbon Pathways report, which reviewed many international studies, the key roadblocks are: climate change denial, the fossil fuels lobby, political inaction, unsustainable energy consumption, outdated energy infrastructure, and financial constraints. However, according to a research paper published in 2014, renewable energy by itself, will not be able to stop climate change.

text: Issues exist that currently prevent a shift over to a 100% renewable technologies. There is debate over the

text: environmental impact of solar power

text: , and the

text: environmental impact of wind power

text: . Some argue that the pollution produced and requirement of

text: rare earth elements

text: offsets many of the benefits compared to other alternative power sources such as hydroelectric, geothermal, and nuclear power. According to the 2013 Post Carbon Pathways report, which reviewed many international studies, the key roadblocks are:

text: climate change denial

text: , the

text: fossil fuels lobby

text: , political inaction, unsustainable energy consumption, outdated energy infrastructure, and financial constraints. However, according to a research paper published in 2014, renewable energy by itself, will not be able to stop climate change.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: environmental impact

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the pollution produced

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: geothermal, and nuclear power.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: environmental impact

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: hydroelectric, geothermal,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: pollution produced and requirement of rare earth elements

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: There is debate over the environmental impact of solar power,

text: Each summer, NARUC holds committee meetings. Major issues in 2016 for regulatory commissioners are rate design and the EPA's Clean Power Plan. Rate design deals with the issue of how to charge (and pay) customers who generate their own electricity through means such as rooftop solar devices. Consumers whose homes or businesses have solar panels that generate power can typically sell back excess electricity to the power grid in a process called net metering.

text: Each summer, NARUC holds committee meetings. Major issues in 2016 for regulatory commissioners are rate design and the

entity_name: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: EPA

text: 's

text: Clean Power Plan

text: . Rate design deals with the issue of how to charge (and pay) customers who generate their own electricity through means such as

text: rooftop solar

text: devices. Consumers whose homes or businesses have solar panels that generate power can typically sell back excess electricity to the power grid in a process called

text: net metering

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar devices

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can typically sell back excess electricity to the power grid

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: net metering

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: rooftop solar devices.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity through means such as rooftop solar devices.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: rooftop solar devices.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sell back excess electricity to the power grid

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: rooftop solar devices.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: net metering.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: sell back excess electricity to the power grid

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: rooftop solar devices.

text: Fresno Yosemite International features a 2.4 megawatt solar system, completed in March 2008. The airport purchases solar-generated electricity from the system, which is owned, operated, and maintained by Solar Power Partners and its investors. Solar Power Partners contracted WorldWater & Solar Technologies Corp to construct the system. The solar system was financed through a solar power purchase agreement, which required no capital outlay from the airport. At the time of commissioning, the system was the largest airport solar system in the nation.

text: Fresno Yosemite International features a 2.4 megawatt solar system, completed in March 2008. The airport purchases solar-generated electricity from the system, which is owned, operated, and maintained by Solar Power Partners and its investors. Solar Power Partners contracted WorldWater & Solar Technologies Corp to construct the system. The solar system was financed through a solar

text: power purchase agreement

text: , which required no capital outlay from the airport. At the time of commissioning, the system was the largest airport solar system in the nation.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Fresno

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: no capital outlay

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no capital outlay from the airport

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-generated electricity

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar system,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: no capital outlay from the airport.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Fresno Yosemite International

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-generated electricity

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: WorldWater

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no capital outlay from the airport.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 2.4 megawatt solar system,

text: Eco-cities look to employ renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines, solar panels, and biogas, to reduce emissions. Wind turbines present the opportunity of being able to provide both localized districts within eco-cities and the larger region as a whole with emission-free renewable energy that can additionally supplement existing power sources.  Furthermore, by designing buildings with natural ventilation systems, eco-cities reduce the need for air conditioning, thus, drastically decreasing commercial and residential energy use. The energy generated can come from large scale energy production systems such as solar farms which supply many homes and businesses or from individual buildings energying at least in part their own energy from solar photovoltaic or small scale wind turbines or biomass.Many eco-cities additionally look to deploy solar thermal energy. By installing solar collectors, developers will be able to provide hot water for space heating and individual and community needs while reducing dependence on gas fueled boilers. While solar thermal energy appears to be a more efficient source of renewable energy, many urban planners also view photovoltaics as a viable source of energy. Photovoltaics directly convert solar energy into electricity; however, the extensive costs associated with developing this technology on the city-scale may limit its use when compared to its potential payback.  Biogas technology is also deployed as a source of renewable energy as the organic material from wastewater is converted into fuel.

text: Eco-cities look to employ

text: renewable energy

text: sources, such as

text: wind turbines

text: solar panels

text: , and

text: biogas

text: , to reduce emissions. Wind turbines present the opportunity of being able to provide both localized districts within eco-cities and the larger region as a whole with emission-free renewable energy that can additionally supplement existing power sources.  Furthermore, by designing buildings with

text: natural ventilation

text: systems, eco-cities reduce the need for air conditioning, thus, drastically decreasing commercial and residential energy use. The energy generated can come from large scale energy production systems such as solar farms which supply many homes and businesses or from individual buildings energying at least in part their own energy from solar photovoltaic or small scale wind turbines or biomass.Many eco-cities additionally look to deploy

text: solar thermal energy

text: . By installing

text: solar collectors

text: , developers will be able to provide hot water for space heating and individual and community needs while reducing dependence on gas fueled boilers. While solar thermal energy appears to be a more efficient source of renewable energy, many urban planners also view

text: photovoltaics

text: as a viable source of energy. Photovoltaics directly convert solar energy into electricity; however, the extensive costs associated with developing this technology on the city-scale may limit its use when compared to its potential payback.

text: Biogas

text: technology is also deployed as a source of renewable energy as the organic material from wastewater is converted into fuel.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Eco-cities

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can additionally supplement existing power sources

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: extensive costs associated with developing this technology

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: gas fueled boilers.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar collectors,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar farms

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: emission-free renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar collectors,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar collectors,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the extensive costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Photovoltaics

text: The Solar Buzz is a 14-seater US Electricar bus, made in 1994, that has been repurposed as the world's first truly solar bus in Truth or Consequences, New Mexico in 2011.  The Buzz has 2 KW in homemade solar panels on the roof, 40 golf cart batteries, 2 electric motors, and has no tailpipe.  The power required to go one mile is the same as the power required to make a pot of coffee:  around 700 Wh.  The Solar Buzz is an IntraCity bus approved by the state Public Regulation Commission (#56817) in 2015 and is a commercial daytime private shuttle service with a US$3 Fare, operated by Hot Springs Transit, LLC.   Hot Springs Transit provides transit service to the 6100 person population of Truth or Consequences.

text: The Solar Buzz is a 14-seater US Electricar bus, made in 1994, that has been repurposed as the world's first truly solar bus in Truth or Consequences, New Mexico in 2011.  The Buzz has 2 KW in homemade solar panels on the roof, 40 golf cart batteries, 2 electric motors, and has no tailpipe.  The power required to go one mile is the same as the power required to make a pot of coffee:  around 700 Wh.  The Solar Buzz is an IntraCity bus approved by the state Public Regulation Commission (#56817) in 2015 and is a commercial daytime private shuttle service with a US$3 Fare, operated by Hot Springs Transit, LLC.   Hot Springs Transit provides transit service to the 6100 person population of Truth or Consequences.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Truth or Consequences

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has no tailpipe

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The power required to go one mile is the same as the power required to make a pot of coffee

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: no tailpipe.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: New Mexico

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: tailpipe.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no tailpipe.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels on the roof, 40 golf cart batteries, 2 electric motors,

text: PV solar systems exist in many different configurations with regard to their relationship to inverter systems, external grids, battery banks, or other electrical loads. Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power, though, the central problem addressed by MPPT is that the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on both the amount of sunlight falling on the solar panels and the electrical characteristics of the load. As the amount of sunlight varies, the load characteristic that gives the highest power transfer efficiency changes, so that the efficiency of the system is optimized when the load characteristic changes to keep the power transfer at highest efficiency. This load characteristic is called the maximum power point and MPPT is the process of finding this point and keeping the load characteristic there. Electrical circuits can be designed to present arbitrary loads to the photovoltaic cells and then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems, and MPPT solves the problem of choosing the best load to be presented to the cells in order to get the most usable power out.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV solar systems

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar systems

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on both the amount of sunlight falling on the solar panels and the electrical characteristics of the load

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power transfer from the solar cell

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: PV solar systems

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: maximum power point

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power,

text: A practical example of the use of solar energy can be seen in some rural villages of Pakistan where houses have been provided with solar panels that run electric fans and energy-saving bulbs. One notable and successfully implemented case was the village of Narian Khorian (about 50 kilometers from Islamabad), which employs the use of 100 solar panels installed by a local firm, free of cost; these panels have provide energy through lights and fan facilities to some 100 households.The alternative energy development board installed 200 solar home systems at District Khuzdar Balochistan in a remote off-grid village Karak. Government of Balochistan launched a programme to electrify off-grid villages of various districts through solar technology.

text: A practical example of the use of solar energy can be seen in some rural villages of Pakistan where houses have been provided with solar panels that run electric fans and energy-saving bulbs. One notable and successfully implemented case was the village of

text: Narian Khorian

text: (about 50 kilometers from Islamabad), which employs the use of 100 solar panels installed by a local firm, free of cost; these panels have provide energy through lights and fan facilities to some 100 households.The

text: alternative energy

text: development board installed 200 solar home systems at District Khuzdar Balochistan in a remote off-grid village Karak. Government of Balochistan launched a programme to electrify off-grid villages of various districts through solar technology.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy-saving bulbs

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: off-grid village Karak

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels that run electric fans and energy-saving bulbs.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: lights and fan facilities

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Pakistan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy-saving bulbs.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Pakistan

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: free of cost;

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels

text: Solar cells could be used to power a vehicle converted to electric.However, currently the relatively small power generated by solar cells means that the other components in the system must be special to compensate for this.For example, the body of even a small conventional car converted to electric is still rather too heavy to be able to be matched with an electric system that is solely or primarily charged by solar power.Thus, it is usually more practical to create a solar-powered electric vehicle from scratch or specially made parts.

text: Solar cells could be used to power a vehicle converted to electric.However, currently the relatively small power generated by solar cells means that the other components in the system must be special to compensate for this.For example, the body of even a small conventional car converted to electric is still rather too heavy to be able to be matched with an electric system that is solely or primarily charged by solar power.Thus, it is usually more practical to create a solar-powered electric vehicle from scratch or specially made parts.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not require special components

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the other components in the system must be special to compensate for this

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: small power generated by solar cells

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar cells

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar cells

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: too heavy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar cells could be used to power a vehicle converted to electric.However,

text: Many industrialized nations have installed significant solar power capacity into their grids to supplement or provide an alternative to conventional energy sources while an increasing number of less developed nations have turned to solar to reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels (see solar power by country). Long distance transmission allows remote renewable energy resources to displace fossil fuel consumption. Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

text: Many industrialized nations have installed significant solar power capacity into their grids to supplement or provide an alternative to

text: conventional energy

text: sources while an increasing number of less developed nations have turned to solar to reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels (see

text: solar power by country

text: ). Long distance transmission allows remote

text: renewable energy

text: resources to displace fossil fuel consumption. Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: long distance transmission

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Long distance transmission

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power capacity into their grids

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Long distance transmission allows remote renewable energy resources to displace fossil fuel consumption.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: expensive imported fuels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

text: In a broader sense the energy transition also entails a democratization of energy:  In the traditional energy industry, a few large companies with large centralized power stations dominate the market as an oligopoly and consequently amass a worrisome level of both economic and political power. Renewable energies, in contrast, can as a rule be established in a decentralized manner. Public wind farms and solar parks can involve many citizens directly in energy production. Photovoltaic systems can even be set up by individuals. Municipal utilities can also benefit citizens financially, while the conventional energy industry profits a relatively small number of shareholders. Also significant, the decentralized structure of renewable energies enables creation of value locally and minimizes capital outflows from a region. Renewable energy sources therefore play an increasingly important role in municipal energy policy, and local governments often promote them. There is lots of room for growth with wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass for power, they represented 2% of global final energy consumption in 2012.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar parks

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can involve many citizens directly in energy production

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Photovoltaic systems can even be set up by individuals

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar parks

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: creation of value locally and minimizes capital outflows from a region.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 2% of global final energy consumption in 2012.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Photovoltaic systems can even be set up by individuals.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: capital outflows from a region.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Renewable energies,

text: The lighthouse was converted to solar power using a solar array in 2001.

text: The

text: lighthouse

text: was converted to

text: solar power

text: using a

text: solar array

text: in 2001.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no way

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used for long periods of time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: arrays

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar arrays can only be used for a short time

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar array

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar array

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar array

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The lighthouse was converted to solar power using a solar array in 2001.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar array

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar array

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar array

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar array

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The lighthouse was converted to solar power using a solar array

text: Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s. The country is a leading manufacturer of solar panels and is in the top 5 ranking for countries with the most solar photovoltaics (PV) installed. In 2009 Japan had the third largest solar capacity in the world (behind Germany and Spain), with most of it grid connected. The solar insolation is good at about 4.3 to 4.8 kWh/(m²·day). Japan is the world's fourth largest energy consumer, making solar power an important national project. By the end of 2012, Japan had installed 7,000 MW of photovoltaics, enough to generate 0.77% of Japan's electricity. Due to the new feed-in tariff (FIT), Japan installed more than 5,000 MW in 2013.

text: Solar power

text: in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s. The country is a leading manufacturer of

text: solar panel

text: s and is in the top 5 ranking for countries with the most solar

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV) installed. In 2009

text: Japan

text: had the third largest solar capacity in the world (behind

text: Germany

text: and

text: Spain

text: ), with most of it grid connected. The solar

text: insolation

text: is good at about 4.3 to 4.8 kWh/(m²·day). Japan is the world's fourth largest energy consumer, making solar power an important national project. By the end of 2012, Japan had installed 7,000 MW of photovoltaics, enough to generate 0.77% of Japan's electricity. Due to the new

text: feed-in tariff

text: (FIT), Japan installed more than 5,000 MW in 2013.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Japan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 4.3 to 4.8 kWh/

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 4.3 to 4.8 kWh/(m2 day)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in Japan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The solar insolation

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar insolation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 4.3 to 4.8 kWh/(m2<unk>day).

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s.

text: Mayuge Solar Power Station is a proposed  solar power plant in Uganda.

text: Mayuge Solar Power Station is a proposed

text: solar power

text: plant in

text: Uganda

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Uganda

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lack of access to electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Mayuge Solar Power Station

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Mayuge Solar Power Station

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Mayuge Solar Power Station

text: The first such system to come online was the Archimede solar power plant, Italy in 2010, followed by Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center in Florida, and in 2011 by the Kuraymat ISCC Power Plant in Egypt, Yazd power plant in Iran, Hassi R'mel in Algeria, Ain Beni Mathar in Morocco.

text: The first such system to come online was the

text: Archimede solar power plant

text: Italy

text: in 2010, followed by

entity_name: Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center

text: Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center

text: in

text: Florida

text: , and in 2011 by the Kuraymat ISCC Power Plant in

text: Egypt

text: Yazd power plant

text: in

text: Iran

entity_name: Hassi R'Mel integrated solar combined cycle power station

text: Hassi R'mel

text: in

text: Algeria

entity_name: Ain Beni Mathar Integrated Thermo Solar Combined Cycle Power Plant

text: Ain Beni Mathar

text: in

text: Morocco

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Italy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Kuraymat ISCC Power Plant in Egypt, Yazd power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power plant,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Italy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The first such system to come online was the Archimede solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center in Florida,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: The first such system to come online was the Archimede solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Solar Energy Center

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar Energy Center

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The first such system to come online was the Archimede solar power plant,

text: Commercial CSP plants were first developed in the 1980s. Since 1985 the eventually 354 MW SEGS CSP installation, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world. Other large CSP plants include the 150 MW Solnova Solar Power Station and the 100 MW Andasol solar power station, both in Spain. The 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic plants. Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed, but most of the deployed photovoltaics are in small rooftop arrays of less than 5 kW, which are connected to the grid using net metering and/or a feed-in tariff. In 2013 solar generated less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity.

text: Commercial CSP plants were first developed in the 1980s. Since 1985 the eventually 354 MW

text: SEGS

text: CSP installation, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world. Other large CSP plants include the 150 MW

text: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: and the 100 MW

text: Andasol solar power station

text: , both in Spain. The 250 MW

text: Agua Caliente Solar Project

text: , in the United States, and the 221 MW

text: Charanka Solar Park

text: in

text: India

text: , are the

text: world’s largest

text: photovoltaic plant

text: s. Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed, but most of the deployed photovoltaics are in small rooftop arrays of less than 5 kW, which are connected to the grid using net metering and/or a feed-in tariff. In 2013 solar generated less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar generated less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: less than 1%

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: net metering and/or a feed-in tariff.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Mojave Desert of California,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: CSP plants

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: CSP plants

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: net metering and/or a feed-in tariff.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed,

text: A primary concern in the photovoltaics industry is cell efficiency. However, sufficient cost savings from cell manufacturing can be suitable to offset reduced efficiency in the field, such as the use of larger solar cell arrays compared with more compact/higher efficiency designs. Designs such as CSG are attractive because of a low cost of production even with reduced efficiency. Higher efficiency devices yield modules that occupy less space and are more compact; however, the 5–10% efficiency of typical CSG devices still makes them attractive for installation in large central-service stations, such as a power station. The issue of efficiency versus cost is a value decision of whether one requires an “energy dense” solar cell or sufficient area is available for the installation of less expensive alternatives. For instance, a solar cell used for power generation in a remote location might require a more highly efficient solar cell than one used for low-power applications, such as solar accent lighting or pocket calculators, or near established power grids.

text: A primary concern in the photovoltaics industry is cell efficiency. However, sufficient cost savings from cell manufacturing can be suitable to offset reduced efficiency in the field, such as the use of larger solar cell arrays compared with more compact/higher efficiency designs. Designs such as CSG are attractive because of a low cost of production even with reduced efficiency. Higher efficiency devices yield modules that occupy less space and are more compact; however, the 5–10% efficiency of typical CSG devices still makes them attractive for installation in large central-service stations, such as a power station. The issue of efficiency versus cost is a value decision of whether one requires an “energy dense” solar cell or sufficient area is available for the installation of less expensive alternatives. For instance, a solar cell used for power generation in a remote location might require a more highly efficient solar cell than one used for low-power applications, such as solar

text: accent lighting

text: or pocket calculators, or near established power grids.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cell arrays

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: low cost of production

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cell arrays

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a solar cell used for power generation in a remote location might require a more highly efficient solar cell than one used for low-power applications

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: power station.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power generation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar accent lighting or pocket calculators,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: less expensive alternatives.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: A primary concern in the photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cell arrays

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cell

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar accent lighting or pocket calculators, or near established power grids.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar accent lighting or pocket calculators, or near established power grids.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar cell arrays compared with more compact/higher efficiency designs.

text: Solar heating systems are a well known second-generation technology and generally consist of solar thermal collectors, a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to its point of usage, and a reservoir or tank for heat storage and subsequent use. The systems may be used to heat domestic hot water, swimming pool water, or for space heating. The heat can also be used for industrial applications or as an energy input for other uses such as cooling equipment. In many climates, a solar heating system can provide a very high percentage (50 to 75%) of domestic hot water energy.Energy received from the sun by the earth is that of electromagnetic radiation. Light ranges of visible, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves received by the earth through solar energy. The highest power of radiation comes from visible light. Solar power is complicated due to changes in seasons and from day to night. Cloud cover can also add to complications of solar energy, and not all radiation from the sun reaches earth because it is absorbed and dispersed due to clouds and gases within the earth's atmospheres.

text: Solar heating

text: systems are a well known second-generation technology and generally consist of solar thermal collectors, a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to its point of usage, and a reservoir or tank for heat storage and subsequent use. The systems may be used to heat domestic hot water, swimming pool water, or for space heating. The heat can also be used for industrial applications or as an energy input for other uses such as cooling equipment. In many climates, a solar heating system can provide a very high percentage (50 to 75%) of domestic hot water energy.Energy received from the sun by the earth is that of electromagnetic radiation. Light ranges of visible, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves received by the earth through solar energy. The highest power of radiation comes from visible light. Solar power is complicated due to changes in seasons and from day to night. Cloud cover can also add to complications of solar energy, and not all radiation from the sun reaches earth because it is absorbed and dispersed due to clouds and gases within the earth's atmospheres.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar heating systems

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: changes in seasons and from day to night

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: thermal collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: fluid system

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: changes in seasons and from day to night

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: electromagnetic radiation.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar power is complicated due to changes in seasons and from day to night.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar thermal collectors,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar thermal collectors,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal collectors,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: fluid system

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: changes in seasons and from day to night.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar heating systems

text: Kabulasoke Solar Power Station, also known as the Namulasa Solar Power Station, is a proposed  solar power plant in Uganda.

text: Kabulasoke Solar Power Station, also known as the Namulasa Solar Power Station, is a proposed

text: solar

text: power plant in

text: Uganda

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Uganda

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable power supply

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant in Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar Power Station,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Kabulasoke Solar Power Station,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Kabulasoke Solar Power Station,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Uganda.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Kabulasoke Solar Power Station,

text: Despite being technically non-renewable, fusion power has many of the benefits of renewable energy sources (such as being a long-term energy supply and emitting no greenhouse gases) as well as some of the benefits of the resource-limited energy sources as hydrocarbons and nuclear fission (without reprocessing). Like these currently dominant energy sources, fusion could provide very high power-generation density and uninterrupted power delivery (because it is not dependent on the weather, unlike wind and solar power).

text: Despite being technically

text: non-renewable

text: , fusion power has many of the benefits of renewable energy sources (such as being a long-term energy supply and emitting no

text: greenhouse gas

text: es) as well as some of the benefits of the resource-limited energy sources as hydrocarbons and nuclear fission (without

text: reprocessing

text: ). Like these currently dominant energy sources, fusion could provide very high power-generation density and uninterrupted power delivery (because it is not dependent on the

text: weather

text: , unlike wind and solar power).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: long-term energy supply

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: non-renewable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: fusion power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind and solar power).

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power).

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: uninterrupted power delivery (because it is not dependent on the weather,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power).

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: wind and solar power).

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: nuclear fission (without reprocessing).

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: dependent on the weather,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: fusion power

text: The environmental effects involved in recharging the batteries can of course be minimised. The small size of the battery pack on an e-bike, relative to the larger pack used in an electric car, makes them very good candidates for charging via solar power or other renewable energy resources.  Sanyo capitalized on this benefit when it set up "solar parking lots," in which e-bike riders can charge their vehicles while parked under photovoltaic panels.

text: The environmental effects involved in recharging the batteries can of course be minimised. The small size of the battery pack on an e-bike, relative to the larger pack used in an

text: electric car

text: , makes them very good candidates for charging via

text: solar power

text: or other renewable energy resources.  Sanyo capitalized on this benefit when it set up "solar parking lots," in which e-bike riders can charge their vehicles while parked under

text: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar parking lots

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be minimised

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: environmental effects

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: environmental effects

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The small size of the battery pack on an e-bike,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: environmental effects

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: electric car, makes them very good candidates for charging via solar power

text: United Sun Systems is a solar and renewable energy technology company. Its main focus is developing a concentrated solar power dish-Stirling system for electricity production. Dish-Stirling is one of the available applications of concentrated solar power (CSP).  This type of solar energy technology uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a focal point which in turn creates extensive heat which then drives a heat engine (Stirling engine) connected to an electric power generator.

text: United Sun Systems is a

text: solar

text: and

text: renewable

text: energy technology company. Its main focus is developing a

text: concentrated solar power

text: dish-Stirling

text: system for electricity production.

text: Dish-Stirling

text: is one of the available applications of

text: concentrated solar power (CSP)

text: .  This type of

text: solar energy

text: technology uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or

text: solar thermal energy

text: , onto a focal point which in turn creates extensive heat which then drives a

text: heat engine

text: (Stirling engine) connected to an

text: electric power generator

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: United Sun Systems

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: creates extensive heat

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Stirring

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal energy,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors or lenses

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: (Stirling engine)

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: (Stirling engine) connected to an electric power generator.

text: Today, many amateur experiments in the field have been conducted using Tesla turbines which use compressed air, steam as its power source (the steam being generated with heat from fuel combustion, from a vehicle's turbocharger or from solar radiation). The issue of the warping of the discs has been partially solved using new materials such as carbon fiber. For example, both PNGinc and International Turbine And Power, LLC use carbon fiber discs in their Tesla turbine designs.

text: Today, many amateur experiments in the field have been conducted using Tesla turbines which use

text: compressed air

text: steam as its power source

text: (the steam being generated with heat from fuel combustion, from a vehicle's

text: turbocharger

text: or from

text: solar radiation

text: ). The issue of the warping of the discs has been partially solved using new materials such as carbon fiber. For example, both PNGinc and

text: International Turbine And Power, LLC

text: use carbon fiber discs in their Tesla turbine designs.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: warping of the discs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar radiation).

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation).

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar radiation).

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar radiation).

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar radiation).

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Tesla turbines

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation).

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: fuel combustion,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: warping of the discs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar radiation).

text: An example is Alberta, Canada's Drake Landing Solar Community, for which 97% of the year-round heat is provided by solar-thermal collectors on the garage roofs, with a borehole thermal energy store (BTES) being the enabling technology. STES projects often have paybacks in the four-to-six year range. In Braestrup, Denmark, the community's solar district heating system also utilizes STES, at a storage temperature of . A heat pump, which is run only when there is surplus wind power available on the national grid, is used to raise the temperature to  for distribution. When surplus wind generated electricity is not available, a gas-fired boiler is used. Twenty percent of Braestrup's heat is solar.

text: An example is Alberta, Canada's

text: Drake Landing Solar Community

text: , for which 97% of the year-round heat is provided by solar-thermal collectors on the garage roofs, with a borehole thermal energy store (BTES) being the enabling technology. STES projects often have paybacks in the four-to-six year range. In Braestrup, Denmark,

text: the community's solar district heating system

text: also utilizes STES, at a storage temperature of . A heat pump, which is run only when there is surplus wind power available on the national grid, is used to raise the temperature to  for distribution. When surplus wind generated electricity is not available, a gas-fired boiler is used. Twenty percent of Braestrup's heat is solar.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: paybacks in the four-to-six year range

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: STES projects often have paybacks in the four-to-six year range

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: When surplus wind

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar-thermal collectors

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Drake Landing Solar Community,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: paybacks in the four-to-six year range.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Alberta, Canada's Drake Landing Solar Community,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: heat pump,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat pump,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: paybacks in the four-to-six year range.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar-thermal collectors

text: The economic reality behind these numbers looks even worse for common desalination plants (in Life-cycle assessments) because energy-loss occurs during many stages Upstream (petroleum industry), like drilling, transportation or the manufacturing of required machines. Some of this does not have to be considered for solar-power, because it is free and infinite. Relevant for solar-power is only "power installation per investment unit" not the efficiency of primary energy use.

text: The economic reality behind these numbers looks even worse for common desalination plants (in

text: Life-cycle assessment

text: s) because energy-loss occurs during many stages

text: Upstream (petroleum industry)

text: , like

text: drilling

text: transportation

text: or the manufacturing of required machines. Some of this does not have to be considered for solar-power, because it is free and infinite. Relevant for solar-power is only "power installation per investment unit" not the efficiency of primary energy use.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: free and infinite

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: free and infinite

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: energy-loss

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-power, because it is free and infinite.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: free and infinite.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: it is free and infinite.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar-power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar-power,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-power,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: energy-loss occurs during many stages Upstream

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: "power installation per investment unit" not the efficiency of primary energy use.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar-power, because it is free and infinite.

text: Torresol Energy is a company dedicated to developing renewable and alternative energies, focusing on concentrated solar energy. Its goal is the technological development, construction, operation and maintenance of concentrated solar power plants.

text: Torresol Energy is a company dedicated to developing renewable and alternative energies, focusing on concentrated solar energy. Its goal is the technological development, construction, operation and maintenance of concentrated

text: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Torresol

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar energy

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: maintenance

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: concentrated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: concentrated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: concentrated solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power plants.

text: According to policy makers in certain cities, a Solar Map serves multiple roles. According to government officials, solar maps help keep track of progress on sustainability goals for the city or town in which they live. If they prefer to establish a more eco-friendly environment, a solar map, in their minds, would be the right tool to use in measuring this goal.  Another idea in why a local city government may want to provide a solar map online is to promote self-awareness of citizens own electrical consumption as well as to educate citizens of the possible rewards of using solar power instead of other conventional sources of power. By reflecting on the potential savings that a homeowner can earn, the thought goes, the idea of a high cost of installing solar power could be diminished. Thus encouraging homeowners to install photovoltaic panels.

text: According to policy makers in certain cities, a Solar Map serves multiple roles. According to government officials, solar maps help keep track of progress on sustainability goals for the city or town in which they live. If they prefer to establish a more eco-friendly environment, a solar map, in their minds, would be the right tool to use in measuring this goal.  Another idea in why a local city government may want to provide a solar map online is to promote self-awareness of citizens own electrical consumption as well as to educate citizens of the possible rewards of using solar power instead of other conventional sources of power. By reflecting on the potential savings that a homeowner can earn, the thought goes, the idea of a high cost of installing solar power could be diminished. Thus encouraging homeowners to install photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: potential savings

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high cost of installing solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: potential savings

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar Map

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high cost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: photovoltaic panels.

text: Space-based solar power offers one way StratoSolar offers another.  At ~5 TW per CMO/yr, it would take about 1000 five GW power satellites to replace a CMO.  To compete with coal, the maximum cost for space based solar power plants would be $2.4 B/GW. At that, the cost would be ~$2.4 T for one CMO or ~$7.2 T to replace the entire fossil fuel use of humans.  There is room in GEO for more than ten times the current energy use.    At a peak production of 315 new power satellites per year, it would take less than a decade to get off fossil fuels.

text: Space-based solar power

text: offers one way

text: StratoSolar

text: offers another.  At ~5 TW per CMO/yr, it would take about 1000 five GW power satellites to replace a CMO.  To compete with coal, the maximum cost for space based solar power plants would be $2.4 B/GW. At that, the cost would be ~$2.4 T for one CMO or ~$7.2 T to replace the entire fossil fuel use of humans.  There is room in GEO for more than ten times the current energy use.    At a peak production of 315 new power satellites per year, it would take less than a decade to get off fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: GEO

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Space

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it would take about 1000 five GW power satellites to replace a CMO

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: coal,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: GEO

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: it would take less than a decade to get off fossil fuels.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: five GW power satellites

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: TW

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: <unk>5 TW per CMO/yr,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Space-based solar power

text: In some markets, such as fashion businesses for example, time is a luxury which is not available. The greatest risk here is not having the "product" available at the right time, and ahead of the competitors. These markets consequently obtain less benefit from the more sophisticated new product processes, and typically do not make use of them at all.

text: In some markets, such as fashion businesses for example, time is a luxury which is not available. The greatest risk here is not having the "product" available at the right time, and ahead of the competitors. These markets consequently obtain less benefit from the more sophisticated new product processes, and typically do not make use of them at all.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no way

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: time is a luxury

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: time is a luxury which is not available

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: time is a luxury which is not available.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: time is a luxury

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: fashion businesses

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: time is a luxury which is not available.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: time is a luxury which is not available.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: competitors.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: time is a luxury which is not available.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: new product processes,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: not having the "product" available at the right time,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: time is a luxury which is not available.

text: To date, solar power, other than for propulsion, has been practical for spacecraft operating no farther from the Sun than the orbit of Jupiter. For example, Juno, Magellan, Mars Global Surveyor, and Mars Observer used solar power as does the Earth-orbiting, Hubble Space Telescope. The Rosetta space probe, launched 2 March 2004, used its  of solar panels as far as the orbit of Jupiter (5.25 AU); previously the furthest use was the Stardust spacecraft at 2 AU. Solar power for propulsion was also used on the European lunar mission SMART-1 with a Hall effect thruster.

text: To date, solar power, other than for propulsion, has been practical for spacecraft operating no farther from the

text: Sun

text: than the orbit of

text: Jupiter

text: . For example,

text: Juno

text: Magellan

text: Mars Global Surveyor

text: , and

text: Mars Observer

text: used solar power as does the Earth-orbiting,

text: Hubble Space Telescope

text: . The

text: Rosetta space probe

text: , launched 2 March 2004, used its  of solar panels as far as the orbit of

text: Jupiter

text: AU

text: ); previously the furthest use was the

text: Stardust spacecraft

text: at 2 AU. Solar power for propulsion was also used on the European lunar mission

text: with a

text: Hall effect thruster

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: propulsion

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: To date, solar power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: practical for spacecraft

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Hall effect

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: spacecraft operating no farther from the Sun than the orbit of Jupiter

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: propulsion,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: practical for spacecraft operating no farther from the Sun than the orbit of Jupiter.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Hall effect thruster.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no farther from the Sun than the orbit of Jupiter.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power,

text: The benefit of a solar dial over a conventional 'on-off' time switch is the ability to 'track' the sunrise and sunset times for a particular latitude (which is specified when the unit is purchased). The solar dial 'adjusts' itself by a fractional amount each day, thereby ensuring that street lighting is switched on and off when required throughout the year. Many dials also have an additional 'part night' facility allowing for a switch-off in the middle of the night, and then back on in the morning if needed. This 'part night' option was widely adopted in the United Kingdom for street lighting in the 1970s and 1980s in order to conserve energy. Some solar dial switches have a clockwork or battery 'reserve' to maintain time accuracy in cases of power outage. If this is lacking, the switch would have to be reset every time the power fails, a labour-intensive task.

text: The benefit of a solar dial over a conventional 'on-off' time switch is the ability to 'track' the

text: sunrise

text: and

text: sunset

text: times for a particular

text: latitude

text: (which is specified when the unit is purchased). The solar dial 'adjusts' itself by a fractional amount each day, thereby ensuring that

text: street lighting

text: is switched on and off when required throughout the year. Many dials also have an additional 'part night' facility allowing for a switch-off in the middle of the night, and then back on in the morning if needed. This 'part night' option was widely adopted in the

text: United Kingdom

text: for street lighting in the 1970s and 1980s in order to conserve energy. Some solar dial switches have a

text: clockwork

text: or battery 'reserve' to maintain time accuracy in cases of power outage. If this is lacking, the switch would have to be reset every time the power fails, a labour-intensive task.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar dial

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can save energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the switch would have to be reset every time the power fails, a labour-intensive task

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar dial

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar dial

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar dial

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: ability to 'track' the sunrise and sunset times

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The benefit of a solar dial

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar dial

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar dial

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar dial over a conventional 'on-off'

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a labour-intensive task.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar dial

text: In late 1960s Jersey Standard task force was looking for projects 30 years in the future.  In April 1973, Exxon founded Solar Power Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary for manufacturing of terrestrial photovoltaic cells.  After 1980s oil glut Exxon's internal report projected that solar would not become viable until 2012 or 2013.  Consequently, Exxon sold Solar Power Corporation in 1984.  In 1974–1994, also Mobil developed solar energy through Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation, its joint venture with Tyco Laboratories.

text: In late 1960s Jersey Standard task force was looking for projects 30 years in the future.  In April 1973, Exxon founded Solar Power Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary for manufacturing of terrestrial

text: photovoltaic cell

text: s.  After

text: 1980s oil glut

text: Exxon's internal report projected that solar would not become viable until 2012 or 2013.  Consequently, Exxon sold Solar Power Corporation in 1984.  In 1974–1994, also Mobil developed solar energy through Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation, its joint venture with

text: Tyco Laboratories

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a wholly owned subsidiary for manufacturing of terrestrial photovoltaic cells

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: terrestrial photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: terrestrial photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar would not become viable until 2012 or 2013.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar would not become viable until 2012 or 2013.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: oil glut

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 2012 or 2013.

text: As recently as 2007, less than 1% of Australian electricity came from solar power generation. This is mainly due to the higher cost per kW than other power sources because of the cost of solar panels. Innovative applications of PV technology being developed in Australia include concentrating systems to focus the solar energy on to a smaller area of higher efficiency cells and the use of building integrated PV, where the PV cells perform architectural or structural functions as well as power generation, thereby offsetting some of the cost.

text: As recently as 2007, less than 1% of Australian electricity came from solar power generation. This is mainly due to the higher cost per kW than other power sources because of the cost of

text: solar panel

text: s. Innovative applications of PV technology being developed in Australia include concentrating systems to focus the solar energy on to a smaller area of higher efficiency cells and the use of

text: building integrated PV

text: , where the PV cells perform architectural or structural functions as well as power generation, thereby offsetting some of the cost.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: higher cost per kW

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: higher cost per kW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: less than 1% of Australian electricity came from solar power generation.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power generation.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: efficiency cells

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: less than 1% of Australian electricity came from solar power generation.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: higher efficiency cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrating systems

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: higher cost per kW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: less than 1% of Australian electricity came from solar power generation.

text: Power: SFPUC is generating and providing different typologies of clean energy (hydroelectric, solar and biogas) for municipal services and citizens needs. Moreover, in collaboration with Paradox Engineering is seeking to exploit street light pole developing an integrated infrastructure with the specific scope of monitor the usage of urban services, optimize the power consumption and consequently reduce waste.

text: Power: SFPUC is generating and providing different typologies of clean energy (hydroelectric, solar and biogas) for municipal services and citizens needs. Moreover, in collaboration with

text: Paradox Engineering

text: is seeking to exploit street light pole developing an integrated infrastructure with the specific scope of monitor the usage of urban services, optimize the power consumption and consequently reduce waste.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: street light pole

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: SFPUC

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduce waste

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: (hydroelectric, solar and biogas)

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: biogas)

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: clean energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar and biogas)

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: street light pole

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: (hydroelectric, solar and biogas)

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: reduce waste.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: (hydroelectric, solar and biogas)

text: Most of the world's high energy resources are from the conversion of the sun's rays to other energy forms after being incident upon the planet. Some of that energy has been preserved as fossil energy, some is directly or indirectly usable; for example, via solar PV/thermal, wind, hydro- or wave power. The total solar irradiance is measured by satellite to be roughly 1361 watts per square meter (see solar constant), though it fluctuates by about 6.9% during the year due to the Earth's varying distance from the sun. This value, after multiplication by the cross-sectional area intercepted by the Earth, is the total rate of solar energy received by the planet; about half, 89,000 TW, reaches the Earth's surface.

text: Most of the world's high energy resources are from the conversion of the sun's rays to other energy forms after being incident upon the planet. Some of that energy has been preserved as fossil energy, some is directly or indirectly usable; for example, via solar PV/thermal, wind, hydro- or wave power. The total solar irradiance is measured by satellite to be roughly 1361 watts per square meter (see

text: solar constant

text: ), though it fluctuates by about 6.9% during the year due to the Earth's varying distance from the sun. This value, after multiplication by the cross-sectional area intercepted by the Earth, is the total rate of

text: solar energy

text: received by the planet; about half, 89,000 TW, reaches the Earth's surface.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: incident upon the planet

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the world's high energy resources

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: directly or indirectly usable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: about half, 89,000 TW, reaches the Earth's surface

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar PV/thermal, wind, hydro- or wave power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: irradiance

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the conversion of the sun's rays

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: directly or indirectly usable;

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 1361 watts per square meter

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar PV/thermal, wind, hydro- or wave power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sun's rays

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: PV/thermal,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the Earth's varying distance from the sun.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar PV/thermal, wind, hydro- or wave power.

text: Solar power tends to be complementary to wind. On daily to weekly timescales, high pressure areas tend to bring clear skies and low surface winds, whereas low pressure areas tend to be windier and cloudier. On seasonal timescales, solar energy peaks in summer, whereas in many areas wind energy is lower in summer and higher in winter. Thus the intermittencies of wind and solar power tend to cancel each other somewhat. In 2007 the Institute for Solar Energy Supply Technology of the University of Kassel pilot-tested a combined power plant linking solar, wind, biogas and hydrostorage to provide load-following power around the clock and throughout the year, entirely from renewable sources.

text: Solar power

text: tends to be complementary to wind. On daily to weekly timescales,

text: high pressure area

text: s tend to bring clear skies and low surface winds, whereas

text: low pressure area

text: s tend to be windier and cloudier. On seasonal timescales, solar energy peaks in summer, whereas in many areas wind energy is lower in summer and higher in winter. Thus the intermittencies of wind and solar power tend to cancel each other somewhat. In 2007 the Institute for Solar Energy Supply Technology of the

text: University of Kassel

text: pilot-tested a

text: combined power plant

text: linking solar, wind,

text: biogas

text: and

text: hydrostorage

text: to provide load-following power around the clock and throughout the year, entirely from renewable sources.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is complementary to wind

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Thus the intermittencies of wind and solar power tend to cancel each other somewhat

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewable sources.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: winds,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy peaks in summer,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable sources.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy peaks in summer,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar, wind, biogas and hydrostorage

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar, wind, biogas

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: hydrostorage

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittencies of wind and solar power tend to cancel each other somewhat.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: a combined power plant

text: Technology advances are opening up a huge new market for solar power: the approximately 1.3 billion people around the world who don't have access to grid electricity. Even though they are typically very poor, these people have to pay far more for lighting than people in rich countries because they use inefficient kerosene lamps. Solar power costs half as much as lighting with kerosene. As of 2010, an estimated 3 million households get power from small solar PV systems. Kenya is the world leader in the number of solar power systems installed per capita. More than 30,000 very small solar panels, each producing 12 to 30 watts, are sold in Kenya annually. Some Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are also turning to solar power to reduce their costs and increase their sustainability.

text: Technology advances are opening up a huge new market for solar power: the approximately 1.3 billion people around the world who don't have access to grid electricity. Even though they are typically very poor, these people have to pay far more for lighting than people in rich countries because they use inefficient kerosene lamps. Solar power costs half as much as lighting with kerosene. As of 2010, an estimated 3 million households get power from small solar PV systems. Kenya is the world leader in the number of solar power systems installed per capita. More than 30,000 very small solar panels, each producing 12 to 30 watts, are sold in Kenya annually. Some

text: Small Island Developing States

text: (SIDS) are also turning to solar power to reduce their costs and increase their sustainability.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs half as much as lighting with kerosene

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: kerosene lamps

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar PV systems.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power:

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar power costs half as much as lighting with kerosene.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power:

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: kerosene lamps.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar power costs half as much as lighting with kerosene.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Technology advances are opening up a huge new market for solar power:

text: The Solana Generating Station is a solar power plant near Gila Bend, Arizona, about  southwest of Phoenix, completed in 2013. When commissioned it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with molten salt thermal energy storage. Built by the Spanish company Abengoa Solar, it has a total capacity of 280 megawatts (MW) gross, from two 140 MW gross (125 MW net) steam turbine generators, which is enough to power 70,000 homes while avoiding around 475,000 tons of CO every year. Its name is the Spanish term for "sunny spot".

text: The Solana Generating Station is a

text: solar power

text: plant near

text: Gila Bend

text: Arizona

text: , about  southwest of

text: Phoenix

text: , completed in 2013. When commissioned it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with

text: molten salt thermal energy storage

text: . Built by the Spanish company

text: Abengoa Solar

text: , it has a total capacity of 280

text: megawatts

text: (MW) gross, from two 140 MW gross (125 MW net) steam turbine generators, which is enough to power 70,000 homes while avoiding around 475,000 tons of

text: CO

text: every year. Its name is the

text: Spanish

text: term for "sunny spot".

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: parabolic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Arizona

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: avoiding around 475,000 tons of CO

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power plant near Gila Bend, Arizona

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: steam turbine generators,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Arizona,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: avoiding around 475,000 tons of CO every year.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Arizona,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: molten salt thermal energy storage.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 475,000 tons of CO every year.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 70,000 homes while avoiding around 475,000 tons of CO every year.

text: Other methods of harnessing solar power are solar space heating (for heating internal building spaces), solar drying (for drying wood chips, fruits, grains, etc.), solar cookers, solar distillers, and other passive solar technologies (simply, harnessing sunlight without any mechanical means).

text: Other methods of harnessing solar power are

text: solar space heating

text: (for heating internal building spaces), solar drying (for drying wood chips, fruits, grains, etc.),

text: solar cookers

text: solar distillers

text: , and other

text: passive solar

text: technologies (simply, harnessing sunlight without any mechanical means).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar drying

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar space heating

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: passive solar technologies

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: harnessing sunlight without any mechanical means).

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar space heating

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mechanical means).

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar drying

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: harnessing sunlight without any mechanical means).

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar cookers, solar distillers,

text: The primary obstacle that is preventing the large scale implementation of solar powered energy generation is the inefficiency of current solar technology. Currently, photovoltaic (PV) panels only have the ability to convert around 16% of the sunlight that hits them into electricity. At this rate, many experts believe that solar energy is not efficient enough to be economically sustainable given the cost to produce the panels themselves.Both Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), have heavily funded solar research programs. The NREL solar program has a budget of around $75 million  and develops research projects in the areas of photovoltaic (PV) technology, solar thermal energy, and solar radiation. The budget for Sandia’s solar division is unknown, however it accounts for a significant percentage of the laboratory’s $2.4 billion budget.Several academic programs have focused on solar research in recent years. The Solar Energy Research Center (SERC) at University of North Carolina (UNC) has the sole purpose of developing cost effective solar technology. In 2008, researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) developed a method to store solar energy by using it to produce hydrogen fuel from water. Such research is targeted at addressing the obstacle that solar development faces of storing energy for use during nighttime hours when the sun is not shining.In February 2012, North Carolina-based Semprius Inc., a solar development company backed by German corporation Siemens, announced that they had developed the world’s most efficient solar panel. The company claims that the prototype converts 33.9% of the sunlight that hits it to electricity, more than double the previous high-end conversion rate. Major projects on artificial photosynthesis or solar fuels are also under way in many developed nations.

text: The primary obstacle that is preventing the large scale implementation of solar powered energy generation is the inefficiency of current solar technology. Currently, photovoltaic (PV) panels only have the ability to convert around 16% of the sunlight that hits them into electricity. At this rate, many experts believe that solar energy is not efficient enough to be economically sustainable given the cost to produce the panels themselves.Both

text: Sandia National Laboratories

text: and the

text: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

text: (NREL), have heavily funded solar research programs. The NREL solar program has a budget of around $75 million  and develops research projects in the areas of

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) technology, solar thermal energy, and solar radiation. The budget for Sandia’s solar division is unknown, however it accounts for a significant percentage of the laboratory’s $2.4 billion budget.Several academic programs have focused on solar research in recent years. The Solar Energy Research Center (SERC) at

text: University of North Carolina

text: (UNC) has the sole purpose of developing cost effective solar technology. In 2008, researchers at

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: (MIT) developed a method to store solar energy by using it to produce hydrogen fuel from water. Such research is targeted at addressing the obstacle that solar development faces of storing energy for use during nighttime hours when the sun is not shining.In February 2012, North Carolina-based Semprius Inc., a solar development company backed by German corporation

text: Siemens

text: , announced that they had developed the world’s most efficient solar panel. The company claims that the prototype converts 33.9% of the sunlight that hits it to electricity, more than double the previous high-end conversion rate. Major projects on

text: artificial photosynthesis

text: or solar fuels are also under way in many developed nations.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs less

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the inefficiency of current solar technology

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: artificial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: hydrogen fuel

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: storing energy for use during nighttime hours when the sun is not shining.In

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: North Carolina-based

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panel.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: (MIT) developed a method to store solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: inefficiency of current solar technology.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Major projects on artificial photosynthesis or solar fuels

text: Renewable energy in Bangladesh refers to the use of renewable energy to generate electricity in Bangladesh. The current renewable energy comes from biogas, hydro power, solar and wind.

text: Renewable energy in Bangladesh refers to the use of

text: renewable energy

text: to

text: generate electricity

text: in

text: Bangladesh

text: . The current renewable energy comes from

text: biogas

text: hydro power

text: solar

text: and

text: wind

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: biogas,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: biogas, hydro power, solar and wind.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar and wind.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The current renewable energy comes from biogas, hydro power, solar and wind.

text: Navrongo Solar Power Station is a  solar power plant in Ghana.

text: Navrongo Solar Power Station is a

text: solar

text: power plant in

text: Ghana

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ghana

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used on a large scale

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: non-renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ghana.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Navrongo Solar Power Station is a solar power plant in Ghana.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Ghana.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Navrongo Solar Power Station

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Navrongo Solar Power Station

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power plant in Ghana.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Navrongo Solar Power Station

text: Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator  or powers a thermochemical reaction (experimental ). Heat storage in molten salts allows some solar thermal plants to continue to generate after sunset and adds value to such systems when compared to photovoltaic panels.

text: Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems generate

text: solar power

text: by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or

text: solar thermal energy

text: , onto a small area.

text: Electricity

text: is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a

text: heat engine

text: (usually a

text: steam turbine

text: ) connected to an electrical

text: power generator

text: or powers a

text: thermochemical

text: reaction (experimental ). Heat storage in molten salts allows some solar thermal plants to continue to generate after sunset and adds value to such systems when compared to

text: photovoltaic

text: panels.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: heat storage

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors or lenses

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Heat storage in molten salts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal energy,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Heat storage

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors or lenses

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salts

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermochemical reaction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal energy, onto a small area.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Concentrated solar power

text: Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project (USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park (China, 200 MW), Perovo Solar Park (Russia 100 MW), Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 97 MW), Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark (Germany 91 MW), Solarpark Finow Tower (Germany 84.7 MW), Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station (Italy, 84.2 MW), Eggebek Solar Park (Germany 83.6 MW), Senftenberg Solarpark (Germany 82 MW), Finsterwalde Solar Park (Germany, 80.7 MW), Okhotnykovo Solar Park (Russia, 80 MW), Lopburi Solar Farm (Thailand 73.16 MW), Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant (Italy, 72 MW), and the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 71.8 MW).

text: Many solar

text: photovoltaic power station

text: s have been built, mainly in Europe. As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the

text: Agua Caliente Solar Project

text: (USA, 247 MW),

text: Charanka Solar Park

text: (India, 214 MW),

text: Golmud Solar Park

text: (China, 200 MW),

text: Perovo Solar Park

text: (Russia 100 MW),

text: Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant

text: (Canada, 97 MW),

text: Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark

text: (Germany 91 MW),

text: Solarpark Finow Tower

text: (Germany 84.7 MW),

entity_name: Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station

text: Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station

text: (Italy, 84.2 MW),

text: Eggebek Solar Park

text: (Germany 83.6 MW),

text: Senftenberg Solarpark

text: (Germany 82 MW),

text: Finsterwalde Solar Park

text: (Germany, 80.7 MW),

text: Okhotnykovo Solar Park

text: (Russia, 80 MW),

text: Lopburi Solar Farm

text: (Thailand 73.16 MW),

text: Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant

text: (Italy, 72 MW), and the

text: Lieberose Photovoltaic Park

text: (Germany, 71.8 MW).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar photovoltaic power stations have been built

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: (Russia 100 MW), Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: (PV)

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Many solar photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Agua Caliente Solar Project

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 71.8 MW).

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Many solar photovoltaic power stations

text: Jordan inaugurated its first solar-powered charging station for electric cars in February 2012. Located at El Hassan Science City (EHSC), the station is considered the first step towards promoting solar-powered vehicles and building more solar-charging facilities on the streets of Jordan.

text: Jordan inaugurated its first solar-powered charging station for electric cars in February 2012. Located at El Hassan Science City (EHSC), the station is considered the first step towards promoting solar-powered vehicles and building more solar-charging facilities on the streets of Jordan.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Jordan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar-powered charging stations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-powered charging station for electric cars in February 2012.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar-powered charging station for electric cars

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Jordan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electric cars

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Jordan

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar-powered charging station for electric cars

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-powered charging station for electric cars in February 2012.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-powered charging station for electric cars

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar-powered charging station for electric cars

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Jordan inaugurated its first solar-powered charging station for electric cars

text: As Solar Power Towers commonly use steam to drive the turbines, and water tends to be scarce in regions with high solar energy, another advantage of open pits is that they tend to collect water, having been dug below the water table. The Pit Power Tower uses low heat steam to drive the pneumatic tubes in a co-generation system. A third benefit of re-purposing a pit mine for this kind of project is the possibility of reusing mine infrastructure such as roads, buildings and electricity.

text: As Solar Power Towers commonly use steam to drive the turbines, and water tends to be scarce in regions with high solar energy, another advantage of open pits is that they tend to collect water, having been dug below the water table. The Pit Power Tower uses low heat steam to drive the pneumatic tubes in a co-generation system. A third benefit of re-purposing a pit mine for this kind of project is the possibility of reusing mine infrastructure such as roads, buildings and electricity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar Power Towers

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: water tends to be scarce

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: turbines

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: water tends to be scarce

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: water tends to be scarce in regions with high solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar Power Towers

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Power Towers

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: water tends to be scarce in regions with high solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: water tends to be scarce in regions with high solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: turbines,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: water tends to be scarce in regions with high solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: reusing mine infrastructure such as roads, buildings and electricity.

text: In February 20, 2014 El Paso Electric signed an agreement with Colorado-based juwi solar inc to build a 10 megawatt (MW) solar energy facility in Northeast El Paso next to EPE’s Newman Generation Station. JSI will be responsible for developing, designing, building and operating the Newman Solar project. The design phase will begin in early summer of this year, shortly followed by construction and final completion of the project tentatively scheduled for the end of 2014. The construction of the new solar facility will help power over 3,800 homes throughout the year. The facility will be built on approximately 100 acres. EPE will sublease the land in partnership with the El Paso Water Utilities (EPWU) and currently leased to EPE for the Newman Generation Station. EPE currently has 47 MWs of solar power in its generation mix and recently secured an additional 50 MWs of solar power that will be online by the summer of this year. In total, 5 percent of EPE’s dedicated generation, which includes long-term purchase power agreements, will come from solar energy.

text: In February 20, 2014 El Paso Electric signed an agreement with Colorado-based juwi solar inc to build a 10 megawatt (MW) solar energy facility in Northeast El Paso next to EPE’s Newman Generation Station. JSI will be responsible for developing, designing, building and operating the Newman Solar project. The design phase will begin in early summer of this year, shortly followed by construction and final completion of the project tentatively scheduled for the end of 2014. The construction of the new solar facility will help power over 3,800 homes throughout the year. The facility will be built on approximately 100 acres. EPE will sublease the land in partnership with the El Paso Water Utilities (EPWU) and currently leased to EPE for the Newman Generation Station. EPE currently has 47 MWs of solar power in its generation mix and recently secured an additional 50 MWs of solar power that will be online by the summer of this year. In total, 5 percent of EPE’s dedicated generation, which includes long-term purchase power agreements, will come from solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: megawatt

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used for a long time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: long-term purchase power agreements

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: megawatt

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy facility in Northeast El Paso

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: long-term purchase power agreements, will come from solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 10 megawatt (MW) solar energy facility in Northeast El Paso

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: juwi solar inc to build a 10 megawatt

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: juwi solar inc to build a 10 megawatt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: 3,800 homes

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: long-term purchase power agreements,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 10 megawatt (MW) solar energy facility in Northeast El Paso

text: The Rio Mesa Solar Electric Generating Facility was a proposed  solar thermal power project in Riverside County, California. The developers for the project were subsidiaries of BrightSource Energy, Inc. The plant was expected to cost about $2 billion.

text: The Rio Mesa Solar Electric Generating Facility was a proposed

text: solar thermal power

text: project in

text: Riverside County, California

text: . The developers for the project were subsidiaries of

text: BrightSource Energy

text: , Inc. The plant was expected to cost about $2 billion.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal power project

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar thermal power project in Riverside County, California.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost about $2 billion.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Rio Mesa Solar Electric Generating Facility

text: It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

text: It is an important source of

text: renewable energy

text: and its technologies are broadly characterized as either

text: passive solar

text: or

text: active solar

text: depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into

text: solar power

text: . Active solar techniques include the use of

text: photovoltaic system

text: s,

text: concentrated solar power

text: and

text: solar water heating

text: to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable

text: thermal mass

text: or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that

text: naturally circulate air

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: passive solar

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar water heating

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal mass

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Passive solar techniques

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: It is an important source of renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic systems,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar water heating

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar water heating

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: light-dispersing properties,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems,

text: The issue of external benefits is related to that of public goods, which are goods where it is difficult if not impossible to exclude people from benefits. The production of a public good has beneficial externalities for all, or almost all, of the public. As with external costs, there is a problem here of societal communication and coordination to balance benefits and costs. This also implies that vaccination is not something solved by competitive markets. The government may have to step in with a collective solution, such as subsidizing or legally requiring vaccine use. If the government does this, the good is called a merit good. Examples include policies to accelerate the introducing of Electric vehicles or promote Bicycling which benefit Public health.

text: The issue of external benefits is related to that of

text: public goods

text: , which are goods where it is difficult if not impossible to exclude people from benefits. The production of a public good has beneficial externalities for all, or almost all, of the public. As with external costs, there is a problem here of societal communication and coordination to balance benefits and costs. This also implies that vaccination is not something solved by competitive markets. The government may have to step in with a collective solution, such as subsidizing or legally requiring vaccine use. If the government does this, the good is called a

text: merit good

text: . Examples include policies to accelerate the introducing of

text: Electric vehicles

text: or promote

text: Bicycling

text: which benefit

text: Public health

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: electric vehicles

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits all

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: societal communication and coordination to balance benefits and costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: examples to accelerate the introducing of Electric vehicles

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Electric vehicles

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Electric vehicles

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Electric vehicles

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: it is difficult if not impossible to exclude people from benefits.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The issue of external benefits is related to that of public goods,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: The issue of external benefits is related to that of public goods,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: vaccination is not something solved by competitive markets.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: externalities

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: societal communication and coordination to balance benefits and costs.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Electric vehicles

text: Solar power in West Virginia on rooftops can provide 22.9% of all electricity used in West Virginia from 6,300 MW of solar panels, but West Virginia will be the last state in the United States to reach grid parity - the point where solar panels are cheaper than grid electricity - without incentives, due to the low cost of electricity - about 6.2¢/kWh. The point where grid parity is reached is a product of the average insolation and the average cost of electricity. At 6.2¢/kWh and 4.3 sun hours/day solar panels would need to come down to the neighborhood of $1,850/kW installed to achieve grid parity. The first state in the US to achieve grid parity was Hawaii. Cost, though, is not the only reason to choose solar power. The primary reason is to stop using coal and oil, and switch to renewable sources of energy. There are many disadvantages to using coal as an energy source.

text: Solar power in West Virginia on rooftops can provide 22.9% of all electricity used in

text: West Virginia

text: from 6,300 MW of solar panels, but West Virginia will be the last state in the United States to reach grid parity - the point where solar panels are cheaper than grid electricity - without incentives, due to the low cost of electricity - about 6.2¢/kWh. The point where grid parity is reached is a product of the average

text: insolation

text: and the average cost of electricity. At 6.2¢/kWh and 4.3 sun hours/day solar panels would need to come down to the neighborhood of $1,850/kW installed to achieve grid parity. The first state in the US to achieve grid parity was

text: Hawaii

text: . Cost, though, is not the only reason to choose solar power. The primary reason is to stop using coal and oil, and switch to renewable sources of energy. There are many disadvantages to using coal as an energy source.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: West Virginia

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is cheaper

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 4.3 sun hours/day

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: coal

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 4.3 sun hours/day

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper than grid electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: West Virginia

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: coal and oil, and switch to renewable sources of energy.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: coal as an energy source.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: stop using coal and oil, and switch to renewable sources of energy.

text: Title 42 United States Code Chapter 71 and Subchapter III was compiled as fourteen code of law sections based on U.S. Congressional findings regarding potential benefits of solar power and declaration of a renewable energy policy.

text: Title 42

text: United States Code

text: Chapter 71 and Subchapter III was compiled as fourteen

text: code of law

text: sections based on U.S. Congressional findings regarding potential benefits of

text: solar power

text: and declaration of a

text: renewable energy policy

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: potential benefits

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy policy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: potential benefits of solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power

text: A solar power tower uses an array of tracking reflectors (heliostats) to concentrate light on a central receiver atop a tower. Power towers are more cost effective, offer higher efficiency and better energy storage capability among CSP technologies. The PS10 Solar Power Plant and PS20 solar power plant are examples of this technology.

text: A solar power tower uses an array of tracking reflectors (

text: heliostat

text: s) to concentrate light on a central receiver atop a tower. Power towers are more cost effective, offer higher efficiency and better energy storage capability among CSP technologies. The

text: PS10 Solar Power Plant

text: and

text: PS20 solar power plant

text: are examples of this technology.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more cost effective

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: tracking reflectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: light

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more cost effective, offer higher efficiency and better energy storage capability

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: tracking reflectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: (heliostats) to concentrate light

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: (heliostats)

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost effective, offer higher efficiency and better energy storage capability

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power tower

text: Since solar energy is not available at night, storing its energy is an important issue in order to have continuous energy availability. Both wind power and solar power are variable renewable energy, meaning that all available output must be taken when it is available, and either stored for when it can be used later, or transported over transmission lines to where it can be used now. Concentrated solar power plants may use thermal energy storage to store the solar energy, such as in high-temperature molten salts. These salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity, and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. This method of energy storage is used, for example, by the Solar Two power station, allowing it to store 1.44 TJ in its 68 m³ storage tank, enough to provide full output for close to 39 hours, with an efficiency of about 99%.

text: Since solar energy is not available at night,

text: storing its energy

text: is an important issue in order to have continuous energy availability. Both

text: wind power

text: and solar power are

text: variable renewable energy

text: , meaning that all available output must be taken when it is available, and either stored for when it can be used later, or transported over

text: transmission

text: lines to where it can be used now.

text: Concentrated solar power

text: plants may use

text: thermal energy storage

text: to store the solar energy, such as in high-temperature molten salts. These salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity, and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. This method of energy storage is used, for example, by the

text: Solar Two

text: power station, allowing it to store 1.44

text: TJ

text: in its 68 m³ storage tank, enough to provide full output for close to 39 hours, with an efficiency of about 99%.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal energy storage

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar energy is not available at night

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind power and solar power are variable renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: transported over transmission lines

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: variable renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy is not available at night,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Concentrated solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salts.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal energy storage

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar energy is not available at night,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power are variable renewable energy,

text: By retaining a special power of appointment, the settlor should receive the following benefits: (1) The settlor can transfer unlimited amounts to the trust at any time without gift tax consequences, (2) the assets of the trust are entitled to a step-up in basis upon the settlor's death, (3) the settlor can pay the income taxes on the earnings of the trust and allow the trust to grow tax free, (4) the settlor can put a home in the trust and retain all the tax benefits of home ownership if the trust is a grantor trust, (5) the trust is eligible to own stock in an S corporation, and (6) the settlor can change the trustees, the beneficiaries, or the terms of the trust at any time.

text: By retaining a special power of appointment, the

text: settlor

text: should receive the following benefits: (1) The

text: settlor

text: can transfer unlimited amounts to the trust at any time without

text: gift tax

text: consequences, (2) the assets of the trust are entitled to a

text: step-up in basis

text: upon the

text: settlor

text: 's death, (3) the

text: settlor

text: can pay the income taxes on the earnings of the trust and allow the trust to grow tax free, (4) the

text: settlor

text: can put a home in the trust and retain all the tax benefits of home ownership if the trust is a grantor trust, (5) the trust is eligible to own stock in an

text: S corporation

text: , and (6) the

text: settlor

text: can change the trustees, the beneficiaries, or the terms of the trust at any time.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can grow tax free

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: step-up in basis upon the settlor's death

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: consequences,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: grantor trust,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: S corporation,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: without gift tax consequences,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: consequences,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: (6) the settlor can change the trustees,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: consequences,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: special power of appointment,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: step-up in basis upon the settlor's death,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: gift tax consequences,

text: Power plantsSolar thermal power plant of 50 MW was commissioned at this village under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission which was named as Megha Solar Plant. It is one of the 7 solar thermal plants in the country.

text: Power plants

text: Solar thermal power plant

text: of 50

text: MW

text: was commissioned at this village under

text: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

text: which was named as Megha Solar Plant. It is one of the 7 solar thermal plants in the country.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Megha

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power plant

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Megha Solar Plant.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Megha Solar Plant.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Megha Solar Plant.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Megha Solar Plant.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Megha Solar Plant.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Solar Mission

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal plants

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 7 solar thermal plants in the country.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Megha Solar Plant.

text: First solar and wind power projects in North Africa already have started. Algeria has initiated a unique project in 2011 dealing with Hybrid power generation which combines a 25 MW concentrating solar power array in conjunction with a 130 MW combined cycle gas turbine plant Hassi R'Mel integrated solar combined cycle power station.

text: First solar and wind power projects in North Africa already have started.

text: Algeria

text: has initiated a unique project in 2011 dealing with Hybrid power generation which combines a 25 MW concentrating solar power array in conjunction with a 130 MW combined cycle gas turbine plant

text: Hassi R'Mel integrated solar combined cycle power station

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrating

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Algeria

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 130 MW combined cycle gas turbine plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrating solar power array

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: North Africa

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: First solar and wind power projects in North Africa

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: First solar and wind power projects in North Africa

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power array

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrating solar power array

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 25 MW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: First solar and wind power projects in North Africa already have started.

text: A more advanced version of a similarly themed technology is the Vortex engine (AVE) which aims to replace large physical chimneys with a vortex of air created by a shorter, less-expensive structure.Space-based solar power (SBSP) is the concept of collecting solar power in space (using an "SPS", that is, a "solar-power satellite" or a "satellite power system") for use on Earth. It has been in research since the early 1970s. SBSP would differ from current solar collection methods in that the means used to collect energy would reside on an orbiting satellite instead of on Earth's surface. Some projected benefits of such a system are a higher collection rate and a longer collection period due to the lack of a diffusing atmosphere and night time in space.

text: A more advanced version of a similarly themed technology is the

text: Vortex engine

text: (AVE) which aims to replace large physical chimneys with a

text: vortex

text: of air created by a shorter, less-expensive structure.Space-based solar power (SBSP) is the concept of collecting

text: solar power

text: in

text: space

text: (using an "SPS", that is, a "solar-power satellite" or a "satellite power system") for use on

text: Earth

text: . It has been in research since the early 1970s. SBSP would differ from current

text: solar

text: collection methods in that the means used to collect

text: energy

text: would reside on an

text: orbiting

text: satellite

text: instead of on Earth's surface. Some projected benefits of such a system are a higher collection rate and a longer collection period due to the lack of a diffusing

text: atmosphere

text: and night

text: time

text: in

text: space

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Space

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: higher collection rate

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: chimneys

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lack of a diffusing atmosphere

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: structure.Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: structure.Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: higher collection rate

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: structure.Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: chimneys

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: structure.Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Vortex engine

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lack of a diffusing atmosphere and night time in space.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: structure.Space-based solar power

text: Research and development is focused on solar energy, and THEMIS is a research facility as well as a photovoltaic power facility and a solar thermal energy plant.

text: Research and development

text: is focused on solar energy, and THEMIS is a research facility as well as a

text: photovoltaic power facility

text: and a

text: solar thermal energy plant

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: TheMIS

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal energy plant.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Research and development is focused on solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Research and development is focused on solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: photovoltaic power facility and a solar thermal energy plant.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Research and development is focused on solar energy,

text: [[File:GoldKeyDoctorSolar14.jpg|thumb|left|Cover to Doctor Solar, Man of the Atom #14 (Sept. 1965).]] Solar was created in 1962 by writer Paul S. Newman and editor Matt Murphy, along with illustrations from artist Bob Fujitani for the Silver Age comic book publisher Gold Key, a new company formed by Western Publishing who, earlier that year, had ended its business arrangement with Dell Comics. The character premiered in issue #1 of Doctor Solar, Man of the Atom in Summer 1962 (cover date October 1962) in the first batch of comics released by Gold Key, with Solar being Gold Key's first original character. Though Gold Key did not have as large a distribution network as Dell Comics, the Gold Key comics stood out on the newsstand shelves because of their cover art and their 12 cent price (Dell Comics sold for 15 cents). The first two issues of Solar appeared with cover paintings by Richard M. Powers; after the second issue the cover paintings were done by George Wilson. The interior artwork in the first few issues also had unique features: the superhero, Dr. Solar, did not have a costume until the fifth issue, rectangular word balloons and no black holding line around each panel. Following the practice of Dell Comics, and thanks to Western Publishing's reputation of publishing other child-friendly books, Doctor Solar, Man of the Atom was able to be distributed without the Comics Code Authority symbol. The original creative team of writer Paul S. Newman and artist Bob Fujitani lasted until issue #5 when Frank Bolle took over the art work. With the exception of issue #7 written by Otto Binder, Newman wrote the comic book until issue #10 when Dick Wood took over for the remainder of the series. Other artists who contributed included: Mel Crawford, Win Mortimer, Alden McWilliams (issues #20-23), Ernie Colón (issues #24-26), José Delbo (issue #27).

text: [[File:GoldKeyDoctorSolar14.jpg|thumb|left|Cover to Doctor Solar, Man of the Atom #14 (Sept. 1965).]] Solar was created in 1962 by writer

text: Paul S. Newman

text: and editor Matt Murphy, along with illustrations from artist Bob Fujitani for the

text: Silver Age

text: comic book publisher

text: Gold Key

text: , a new company formed by

text: Western Publishing

text: who, earlier that year, had ended its business arrangement with

text: Dell Comics

text: . The character premiered in issue #1 of Doctor Solar, Man of the Atom in Summer 1962 (cover date October 1962) in the first batch of comics released by Gold Key, with Solar being Gold Key's first original character. Though Gold Key did not have as large a distribution network as Dell Comics, the Gold Key comics stood out on the newsstand shelves because of their cover art and their 12 cent price (Dell Comics sold for 15 cents). The first two issues of Solar appeared with cover paintings by

text: Richard M. Powers

text: ; after the second issue the cover paintings were done by George Wilson. The interior artwork in the first few issues also had unique features: the superhero, Dr. Solar, did not have a costume until the fifth issue, rectangular word balloons and no black holding line around each panel. Following the practice of Dell Comics, and thanks to Western Publishing's reputation of publishing other child-friendly books, Doctor Solar, Man of the Atom was able to be distributed without the

text: Comics Code Authority

text: symbol. The original creative team of writer Paul S. Newman and artist Bob Fujitani lasted until issue #5 when

text: Frank Bolle

text: took over the art work. With the exception of issue #7 written by

text: Otto Binder

text: , Newman wrote the comic book until issue #10 when Dick Wood took over for the remainder of the series. Other artists who contributed included: Mel Crawford,

text: Win Mortimer

text: , Alden McWilliams (issues #20-23),

text: Ernie Colón

text: (issues #24-26),

text: José Delbo

text: (issue #27).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: the Atom

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Dr. Solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no black holding line around each panel

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: issue #5

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Atom

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Dr. Solar,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 12 cent price

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: paintings were done by George Wilson.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Frank Bolle

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Frank Bolle

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Atom

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: rectangular word balloons and no black holding line around each panel.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: fifth issue, rectangular word balloons and no black holding line around each panel.

text: Consequently, performance of MJ solar cells in terrestrial environment is inferior to that achieved in laboratory. Moreover, MJ solar cells are designed such that currents are matched under STC, but not necessarily under field conditions. One can use QE(λ) to compare performances of different technologies, but QE(λ) contains no information on the matching of currents of subcells. An important comparison point is rather the output power per unit area generated with the same incident light.

text: Consequently, performance of MJ solar cells in terrestrial environment is inferior to that achieved in laboratory. Moreover, MJ solar cells are designed such that currents are matched under STC, but not necessarily under field conditions. One can use QE(λ) to compare performances of different technologies, but QE(λ) contains no information on the matching of currents of subcells. An important comparison point is rather the output power per unit area generated with the same incident light.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: incident light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: MJ solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: output power per unit area generated

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: incident light

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: performance of MJ solar cells in terrestrial environment is inferior to that achieved in laboratory

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: MJ solar cells

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: incident light.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: MJ solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: output power per unit area generated with the same incident light.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: performance of MJ solar cells

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: MJ solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: MJ solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: STC,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: MJ solar cells in terrestrial environment is inferior to that achieved in laboratory.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: MJ solar cells

text: While the benefits and issues may vary between implementation, there are a few big potential benefits of and problems with this paradigm.  Functionality simply requires that it knows the abstract data type of the variables it is working with.  Functions and interfaces can be used on all objects with the same data fields, for instance the object's "position". Data can be grouped into objects or "entities" according to preference with little to no consequence.

text: While the benefits and issues may vary between implementation, there are a few big potential benefits of and problems with this paradigm.  Functionality simply requires that it knows the

text: abstract data type

text: of the variables it is working with.  Functions and

text: interfaces

text: can be used on all objects with the same data fields, for instance the object's "position". Data can be grouped into objects or "entities" according to preference with little to no consequence.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: planet earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: location

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: problems

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: benefit

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: problems with this paradigm.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: "position". Data can be grouped into objects or "entities"

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: a few big potential benefits of and problems with this paradigm.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: little to no consequence.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: benefits and issues may vary between implementation,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: benefits and issues may vary between implementation,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: a few big potential benefits of and problems with this paradigm.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "position".

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a few big potential benefits of and problems

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: there are a few big potential benefits of and problems with this paradigm.

text: In Maine, solar companies and major utility companies came to a legislative agreement in 2016 over net metering issues. The two sides said that their deal might increase solar power in Maine "tenfold in five years." In response, several national solar companies paid for lobbyists to travel to Maine and attempt to persuade state legislators to stop the deal. The legislation would replace net metering with a concept referred to as "next metering." Under next metering, regulators would set the rates that utilities pay residential solar customers for the customers' excess energy. (Under normal net metering, utilities would pay the wholesale rate). The legislation includes a grandfather clause for existing solar customers.

text: In Maine, solar companies and major utility companies came to a legislative agreement in 2016 over net metering issues. The two sides said that their deal might increase solar power in Maine "tenfold in five years." In response, several national solar companies paid for lobbyists to travel to Maine and attempt to persuade state legislators to stop the deal. The legislation would replace net metering with a concept referred to as "next metering." Under next metering, regulators would set the rates that utilities pay residential solar customers for the customers' excess energy. (Under normal net metering, utilities would pay the wholesale rate). The legislation includes a grandfather clause for existing solar customers.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: net energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Maine

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: net metering

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: net metering

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: excess energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Maine,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: net metering

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: "next metering."

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: net metering

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a grandfather clause for existing solar customers.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: "tenfold in five years."

text: Generally, investments in a Member State increase the capital and, therefore, trigger higher taxes in this country. Regarding immobile factors, formula apportionment works like a property tax. Consequently, the group experiences an incentive to locate capital in low tax countries. However, the net benefit is relevant as the group will take into account the taxes and the public goods provided by a Member State.

text: Generally, investments in a Member State increase the capital and, therefore, trigger higher taxes in this country. Regarding immobile factors, formula apportionment works like a property tax. Consequently, the group experiences an incentive to locate capital in low tax countries. However, the net benefit is relevant as the group will take into account the taxes and the public goods provided by a Member State.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: immobile factors

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: higher taxes in this country.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: immobile factors,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: low tax countries.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: low tax countries.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Generally, investments in a Member State increase the capital

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: taxes and the public goods provided by a Member State.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: taxes and the public goods provided by a Member State.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: formula apportionment

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: immobile factors,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Generally, investments in a Member State increase the capital

text: The size of photovoltaic power stations has increased progressively over the last decade with frequent new capacity records. The 97 MW Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant went online in 2010. Huanghe Hydropower Golmud Solar Park reached 200 MW in 2012. In August 2012, Agua Caliente Solar Project, (Arizona, 290 MW) reached 247 MW only to be passed by three larger plants in 2013. As of November 2014, Topaz Solar Farm was the largest PV solar plant in the world at 550 MW in central coast area and a second 550-MW plant, the Desert Sunlight Solar Farm is located in the far eastern desert region of Riverside County, California.  These two plants were superseded by a new "world's largest" facility in June 2015 when the 579 MW Solar Star project went online in the Antelope Valley region of Los Angeles County, California. The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is Longyangxia Dam Solar Park, in Gonghe County, Qinghai, China. Additional even larger solar plants, including some over 1000 MW, have been proposed around the world.

text: The size of photovoltaic power stations has increased progressively over the last decade with frequent new capacity

text: records

text: . The 97 MW

text: Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant

text: went online in 2010.

text: Huanghe Hydropower Golmud Solar Park

text: reached 200 MW in 2012. In August 2012,

text: Agua Caliente Solar Project

text: , (Arizona, 290 MW) reached 247 MW only to be passed by three larger plants in 2013. As of November 2014,

text: Topaz Solar Farm

text: was the largest PV solar plant in the world at 550 MW

text: in central coast area and a second 550-MW plant, the

text: Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

text: is located in the far eastern desert region of

text: Riverside County, California

text: .  These two plants were superseded by a new "world's largest" facility in June 2015 when the 579 MW

text: Solar Star

text: project went online in the Antelope Valley region of Los Angeles County, California. The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is

text: Longyangxia Dam

text: Solar Park, in

text: Gonghe County

text: Qinghai

text: China

text: . Additional even larger solar plants, including some over 1000 MW, have been proposed around the world.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV solar plant

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has increased progressively

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a second 550-MW plant, the Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Huanghe Hydropower Golmud Solar Park

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: frequent new capacity records.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: (Arizona,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic power stations

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Hydropower Golmud Solar Park

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 247 MW only to be passed by three larger plants in 2013.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Additional even larger solar plants,

text: With its US$1.75 cover price, and benefiting from Valiant's heavy promotion of its superhero line and its combined direct and newsstand distribution network, Solar was returning a small profit with print runs of approximately 60,000 copies of each issue in the first year. The second year began with two tie-in issues with the "Unity" storyline with Solar appearing in the other Valiant titles that also tied into that storyline. The popularity of "Unity" significantly raised demand for Valiant products, including new issues and back issues. Solars print run rapidly grew to peak at 360,000 copies of issue #23, which by that time, mid-1993, had a cover price of US$2.25. Following Shooter's ouster from Valiant Comics in 1992, Kevin VanHook took over the writing job and Solar editor Bob Layton also became Valiant's editor-in-chief. Steve Ditko pencilled issues #14 and #15 before Pater Grau took over until #35. During that time Solar appeared in other Valiant titles, such as Archer & Armstrong, Rai, Secret Weapons, X-O Manowar, and Harbinger Files, as well as Deathmate,<ref><br>

text: With its US$1.75 cover price, and benefiting from Valiant's heavy promotion of its superhero line and its combined

text: direct

text: and newsstand distribution network, Solar was returning a small profit with print runs of approximately 60,000 copies of each issue in the first year. The second year began with two tie-in issues with the "

text: Unity

text: " storyline with Solar appearing in the other Valiant titles that also tied into that storyline. The popularity of "Unity" significantly raised demand for Valiant products, including new issues and back issues. Solars print run rapidly grew to peak at 360,000 copies of issue #23, which by that time, mid-1993, had a cover price of US$2.25. Following Shooter's ouster from Valiant Comics in 1992,

text: Kevin VanHook

text: took over the writing job and Solar editor

text: Bob Layton

text: also became Valiant's editor-in-chief.

text: Steve Ditko

text: pencilled issues #14 and #15 before Pater Grau took over until #35. During that time Solar appeared in other Valiant titles, such as

text: Archer & Armstrong

text: Rai

text: , Secret Weapons,

text: X-O Manowar

text: , and Harbinger Files, as well as

text: Deathmate

text: ,<ref><br>

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Unity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: returns a small profit

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: print runs of approximately 60,000 copies of each issue in the first year

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 360,000 copies of issue #23,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: "Unity"

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: combined direct and newsstand distribution network,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: US$1.75 cover price,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Deathmate,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Deathmate,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Deathmate,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar was returning a small profit

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar

text: Where heated air intake air cleaner assemblies are fitted to engines, it is a common perception that they reduce maximum engine power and it is consequently common for them to be removed and a more open air cleaner assembly fitted in their place. This has the benefit of a marginal increase in power with the disadvantage of significantly increased emissions and, in some jurisdictions, making the vehicle illegal.

text: Where heated air intake air cleaner assemblies are fitted to engines, it is a common perception that they reduce maximum engine power and it is consequently common for them to be removed and a more open air cleaner assembly fitted in their place. This has the benefit of a marginal increase in power with the disadvantage of significantly increased emissions and, in some

text: jurisdiction

text: s, making the vehicle illegal.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no way

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has a marginal increase in power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: significantly increased emissions

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: emissions

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: engines, it is a common perception that they reduce maximum engine power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: marginal increase in power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Where heated air intake air cleaner assemblies

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heated air intake air cleaner assemblies

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: air intake air cleaner assemblies

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heated air intake air cleaner assemblies

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: significantly increased emissions

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: heated air intake air cleaner assemblies

text: Solar powered flashlights or solar powered torches are  flashlights powered by solar energy stored in rechargeable batteries. Most of these flashlights use light-emitting diodes lamps  since they have lower energy consumption compared to incandescent light bulbs.

text: Solar powered flashlights or solar powered torches are

text: flashlight

text: s powered by

text: solar energy

text: stored in rechargeable

text: batteries

text: . Most of these flashlights use

text: light-emitting diodes

text: lamps  since they have lower energy consumption compared to

text: incandescent light bulb

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar powered flashlights

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: lower energy consumption

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low energy consumption

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy stored in rechargeable batteries.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rechargeable batteries.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar powered flashlights

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: lower energy consumption

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar powered flashlights or solar powered torches

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: rechargeable batteries.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy stored in rechargeable batteries.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy stored in rechargeable batteries.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lower energy consumption

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar powered flashlights or solar powered torches

text: According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power generators may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. Cedric Philibert, senior analyst in the renewable energy division at the IEA said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by 2060and half of all energy needswith wind, hydropower and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation". "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity", Philibert said.

text: According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power generators may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. Cedric Philibert, senior analyst in the renewable energy division at the IEA said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by 2060and half of all energy needswith wind, hydropower and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation". "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity", Philibert said.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: wind, hydropower and biomass

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind, hydropower and biomass plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power generators may produce most of the world's electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power generators

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: wind, hydropower and biomass plants

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power generators

text: Conventional hydroelectricity, biomass and geothermal are completely dispatchable as each has a store of potential energy; wind and solar production are typically without storage and can be decreased, but not dispatched, other than when nature provides. Between wind and solar, solar has a more variable daily cycle than wind, but is more predictable in daylight hours than wind. Like solar, tidal energy varies between on and off cycles through each day, unlike solar there is no intermittentcy, tides are available every day without fail. Biofuel and biomass involve multiple steps in the production of energy – growing plants, harvesting, processing, transportation, storage and burning to create heat for electricity, transportation or space heating. In the combined power plant used by the University of Kassel to simulate using 100% renewable energy, wind farms and solar farms were supplemented as needed by hydrostorage and biomass to follow the electricity demand.

text: Conventional hydroelectricity, biomass and geothermal are completely dispatchable as each has a store of potential energy; wind and solar production are typically without storage and can be decreased, but not dispatched, other than when nature provides. Between wind and solar, solar has a more variable daily cycle than wind, but is more predictable in daylight hours than wind. Like solar, tidal energy varies between on and off cycles through each day, unlike solar there is no intermittentcy, tides are available every day without fail. Biofuel and biomass involve multiple steps in the production of energy – growing plants, harvesting, processing, transportation, storage and burning to create heat for electricity, transportation or space heating. In the combined power plant used by the

text: University of Kassel

text: to simulate using

text: 100% renewable energy

text: wind farms

text: and

text: solar farms

text: were supplemented as needed by hydrostorage and biomass to follow the electricity demand.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: wind and solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: predictable in daylight hours

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: burning

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar has a more variable daily cycle than wind

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind and solar production are typically without storage and can be decreased,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: wind and solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more predictable in daylight hours than wind.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar has a more variable daily cycle

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar farms

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: biomass

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: burning to create heat for electricity, transportation or space heating.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: without storage and can be decreased, but not dispatched,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: wind and solar production are typically without storage

text: According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power generators may produce most of the world’s electricity  within 50 years, with wind power, hydroelectricity and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation. "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity". Renewable technologies can enhance energy security in electricity generation, heat supply, and transportation.

text: According to a 2011 projection by the

text: International Energy Agency

text: solar power

text: generators may produce most of the world’s electricity  within 50 years, with

text: wind power

text: hydroelectricity

text: and

text: biomass

text: plants supplying much of the remaining generation. "

text: Photovoltaic

text: and

text: concentrated solar power

text: together can become the major source of electricity". Renewable technologies can enhance energy security in

text: electricity generation

text: , heat supply, and

text: transportation

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable technologies can enhance energy security

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: wind power, hydroelectricity and biomass

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind power, hydroelectricity and biomass plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: "Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power generators may produce most of the world’s electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Renewable technologies can enhance energy security

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power generators

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat supply, and transportation.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: wind power, hydroelectricity and biomass plants

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Renewable technologies can enhance energy security in electricity generation, heat supply, and transportation.

text: The power station has four 300kW Scania diesel engines and a 200kW solar photovoltaic array (fixed). It uses battery storage to smooth any fluctuations in the solar output. Horizon Power contracted GHD to deliver the solar power integration into the diesel power station and MPower were engaged as the site contractor to deliver the solar installation.

text: The power station has four 300kW Scania diesel engines and a 200kW solar

text: photovoltaic

text: array (fixed). It uses battery storage to smooth any fluctuations in the solar output. Horizon Power contracted GHD to deliver the solar power integration into the diesel power station and MPower were engaged as the site contractor to deliver the solar installation.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The power station

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: uses battery storage

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: fluctuations in the solar output

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 200kW solar photovoltaic array

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 200kW solar photovoltaic array

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: battery storage to smooth any fluctuations in the solar output.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 200kW solar photovoltaic array (fixed).

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic array

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: diesel engines

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: diesel engines

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: fluctuations in the solar output.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 200kW solar photovoltaic array (fixed).

text: For the first endothermic step concentrating solar power is used in which zinc oxide is thermally dissociated at  into zinc and oxygen. In the second non-solar exothermic step zinc reacts at  with water and produces hydrogen and zinc oxide. The temperature level is realized by using a solar power tower and a set of heliostats to collect the solar thermal energy.

text: For the first

text: endothermic

text: step

text: concentrating solar power

text: is used in which zinc oxide is

text: thermally dissociated

text: at  into zinc and oxygen. In the second non-solar

text: exothermic

text: step zinc reacts at  with water and produces

text: hydrogen

text: and zinc oxide. The temperature level is realized by using a

text: solar power tower

text: and a set of

text: heliostat

text: s to collect the

text: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heliostat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: zinc oxide

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: exothermic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: non-solar exothermic step

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: heliostats to collect the solar thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: endothermic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: zinc reacts at with water and produces hydrogen and zinc oxide.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: concentrating solar power

text: It was founded in 2005, as a spin-off company of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE. Concentrix Solar builds large concentrator solar power plants suitable for sunny areas. In 2007, Concentrix Solar was awarded the Innovation Award of the German Economy for its CPV technology. From February 2006 to December 2009, the investment company Good Energies was invested in Concentrix Solar. Abengoa Solar was an investor of Concentrix Solar from November 2007 to December 2009.

text: It was founded in 2005, as a spin-off company of the

text: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

text: . Concentrix Solar builds large concentrator

text: solar power plants

text: suitable for sunny areas. In 2007, Concentrix Solar was awarded the Innovation Award of the German Economy for its CPV technology. From February 2006 to December 2009, the investment company Good Energies was invested in Concentrix Solar.

text: Abengoa Solar

text: was an investor of Concentrix Solar from November 2007 to December 2009.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: CPV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Concentrix Solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrators

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: CPV

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: sunny areas

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrator solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: sunny areas.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunny areas.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: sunny areas.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrator

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: CPV

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: CPV

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: sunny areas.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Concentrix Solar builds large concentrator solar power plants

text: Identification of public issues, management concerns, opportunities, and threats through collaborative stakeholder involvement.Establishment of planning and decision criteria for evaluating and selecting the preferred alternative.Inventory of resources, the current situation, and the best available science and information.Formulation of alternatives which address the significant issues and concerns.Evaluation of the consequences, benefits, and affects of each proposed alternative.Selection of a preferred alternative based upon a full and reasoned analysis.Implementation and monitoring.Plan adaptation or revision.

text: Identification of public issues, management concerns, opportunities, and threats through collaborative stakeholder involvement.Establishment of planning and decision criteria for evaluating and selecting the preferred alternative.Inventory of resources, the current situation, and the best available science and information.Formulation of alternatives which address the significant issues and concerns.Evaluation of the consequences, benefits, and affects of each proposed alternative.Selection of a preferred alternative based upon a full and reasoned analysis.Implementation and monitoring.Plan adaptation or revision.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: consequences, benefits, and affects

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: context: Identification of public issues, management concerns, opportunities, and threats through collaborative stakeholder involvement

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: alternative.Inventory

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: alternative.Inventory

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: management concerns, opportunities, and threats through collaborative stakeholder involvement.Establishment

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits, and affects

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: evaluating and selecting the preferred alternative.Inventory

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: stakeholder involvement.Establishment

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: evaluating and selecting the preferred alternative.Inventory

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: evaluating and selecting the preferred alternative.Inventory

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: consequences, benefits, and affects

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: evaluating and selecting the preferred alternative.Inventory

text: Not all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable to the diurnal mongoose). In other cases, such as oil palms in Indonesia and Malaysia, the introduction produces substantial economic benefits, but the benefits are accompanied by costly unintended consequences.

text: Not all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the

text: zebra mussel

text: invasion

text: of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as

text: mongoose

text: s in

text: Hawaii

text: , the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (

text: nocturnal

text: rat

text: s were not vulnerable to the

text: diurnal

text: mongoose). In other cases, such as

text: oil palm

text: s in Indonesia and Malaysia, the introduction produces substantial economic benefits, but the benefits are accompanied by costly

text: unintended consequences

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: produces substantial economic benefits

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unintended consequences

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: unintentional.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: introduced species

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Hawaii,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Not all introduced species are invasive,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Not all introduced species

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Not all introduced species

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: invasive,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: costly unintended consequences.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Not all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced.

text: Assemblies of solar cells are used to make solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight, as distinguished from a "solar thermal module" or "solar hot water panel". A solar array generates solar power using solar energy.

text: Assemblies of solar cells are used to make

text: solar module

text: s which generate electrical power from

text: sunlight

text: , as distinguished from a "solar thermal module" or "solar hot water panel". A solar array generates

text: solar power

text: using

text: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar hot water panel

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "solar thermal module"

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: "solar thermal module" or "solar hot water panel".

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight,

text: Heat generated by concentrated solar power may be used to drive thermochemical reactions to split carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide or to make hydrogen. Natural gas may be used as a feedstock in a facility that integrates concentrated solar power with a power plant fueled by natural gas augmented by syngas while the sun is shining. The Sunshine-to-Petrol project has developed a device allowing for efficient production using this technique. It is called the Counter-Rotating Ring Receiver Reactor Recuperator, or CR5.

text: Heat generated by

text: concentrated solar power

text: may be used to drive thermochemical reactions to split carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide or to make hydrogen.

text: Natural gas

text: may be used as a feedstock in a facility that integrates concentrated solar power with a power plant fueled by natural gas augmented by syngas while the sun is shining. The

text: Sunshine-to-Petrol project

text: has developed a device allowing for efficient production using this technique. It is called the Counter-Rotating Ring Receiver Reactor Recuperator, or

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: natural gas augmented by syngas

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: heat generated by concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: counter rotating rings

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: natural gas may be used as a feedstock

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Natural gas

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Heat generated by concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Heat generated by concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Counter-Rotating Ring

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermochemical reactions

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Heat generated by concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Natural gas

text: RattanIndia is implementing 94 MW of solar power projects.  While 88 MW of solar parks are under development, 6 MW capacity solar parks are already functional since last 3 years. RattanIndia is already owning 1100 acres of land exclusively for solar and 300 acres of additional land acquisition is in pipeline.The Group is now actively engaged in bringing the benefits of cheaper and cleaner energy to the people through rooftop solar solutions under the brand name of 'Apna Solar'.

text: RattanIndia is implementing 94 MW of solar power projects.  While 88 MW of solar parks are under development, 6 MW capacity solar parks are already functional since last 3 years. RattanIndia is already owning 1100 acres of land exclusively for solar and 300 acres of additional land acquisition is in pipeline.The Group is now actively engaged in bringing the benefits of cheaper and cleaner energy to the people through rooftop solar solutions under the brand name of 'Apna Solar'.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cheap and cleaner

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power projects.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rooftop solar solutions

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper and cleaner

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: RattanIndia is implementing 94 MW of solar power projects.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 88 MW of solar parks

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power projects.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: rooftop solar solutions

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cheaper and cleaner energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: rooftop solar solutions

text: Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

text: Solar energy is radiant

text: light

text: and

text: heat

text: from the

text: Sun

text: that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as

text: solar heating

text: photovoltaics

text: solar thermal energy

text: solar architecture

text: molten salt power plant

text: s and

text: artificial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiant light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiant light and heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: radiant light and heat from the Sun

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy,

text: From the Widya Wahana Project, Indonesia's first solar-powered ship, to the Jalapatih Project, Indonesia's first solar-powered car, ITS is well known as a pioneer of cutting-edge research in Indonesia.

text: From the Widya Wahana Project, Indonesia's first solar-powered ship, to the Jalapatih Project, Indonesia's first solar-powered car, ITS is well known as a pioneer of cutting-edge research in Indonesia.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Indonesia

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar-powered car

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-powered ship,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar-powered

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Indonesia.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cutting-edge research in Indonesia.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Indonesia's first solar-powered ship,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar-powered ship,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-powered ship,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-powered ship,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar-powered ship,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Jalapatih Project, Indonesia's first solar-powered car,

text: In April 2011, the failed Kogan Creek Solar Boost project was officially launched. Funding for the project includes a $70 million contribution from CS Energy and a contribution of more than $34 million from the Australian Government. The project was to be constructed by Areva using superheated solar steam technology. Kogan Creek Solar Boost was to be the largest integration of solar technology with a coal-fired power station in the world. Construction started in 2011 and was originally scheduled for completion by 2013. Difficulties with the project and commercial issues mean delayed  then aborted to the project.

text: In April 2011, the failed Kogan Creek Solar Boost project was officially launched. Funding for the project includes a $70 million contribution from CS Energy and a contribution of more than $34 million from the Australian Government. The project was to be constructed by

text: Areva

text: using superheated solar steam technology. Kogan Creek Solar Boost was to be the largest integration of solar technology with a coal-fired power station in the world. Construction started in 2011 and was originally scheduled for completion by 2013. Difficulties with the project and commercial issues mean delayed  then aborted to the project.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar steam

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar heat

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: commercial issues

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: coal-fired power station

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: superheated solar steam

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: superheated solar steam technology.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: superheated solar steam technology.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Kogan Creek Solar Boost project

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: superheated solar steam

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar steam

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: superheated solar steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: commercial issues

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: coal-fired power station in the world.

text: In the 1980s and early 1990s, most photovoltaic modules provided remote-area power supply, but from around 1995, industry efforts have focused increasingly on developing building integrated photovoltaics and power plants for grid connected applications (see photovoltaic power stations article for details). Currently the largest photovoltaic power plant in North America is the Nellis Solar Power Plant (15 MW). There is a proposal to build a Solar power station in Victoria, Australia, which would be the world's largest PV power station, at 154 MW. Other large photovoltaic power stations include the Girassol solar power plant (62 MW), and the Waldpolenz Solar Park (40 MW).

text: In the 1980s and early 1990s, most photovoltaic modules provided

text: remote-area power supply

text: , but from around 1995, industry efforts have focused increasingly on developing

text: building integrated photovoltaics

text: and power plants for grid connected applications (see

text: photovoltaic power stations

text: article for details). Currently the largest photovoltaic power plant in North America is the

text: Nellis Solar Power Plant

text: (15 MW). There is a proposal to build a

entity_name: Mildura Solar Concentrator Power Station

text: Solar power station in Victoria

text: , Australia, which would be the world's largest PV power station, at 154 MW. Other large photovoltaic power stations include the

text: Girassol solar power plant

text: (62 MW), and the

text: Waldpolenz Solar Park

text: (40 MW).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV power station

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: grid connected applications

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: remote-area power supply

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Nellis Solar Power Plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: North America is the Nellis Solar Power Plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: remote-area power supply,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Nellis Solar Power Plant

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: remote-area power supply,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: grid connected applications

text: A laser SBSP could also power a base or vehicles on the surface of the Moon or Mars, saving on mass costs to land the power source. A spacecraft or another satellite could also be powered by the same means. In a 2012 report presented to NASA on Space Solar Power, the author mentions another potential use for the technology behind Space Solar Power could be for Solar Electric Propulsion Systems that could be used for interplanetary human exploration missions.

text: A laser SBSP could also power a base or vehicles on the surface of the Moon or Mars, saving on mass costs to land the power source. A spacecraft or another satellite could also be powered by the same means. In a 2012 report presented to NASA on Space Solar Power, the author mentions another potential use for the technology behind Space Solar Power could be for Solar Electric Propulsion Systems that could be used for interplanetary human exploration missions.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: laser SBSP

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Space Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: saving on mass costs to land the power source

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: mass costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar Power,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: laser SBSP

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Space Solar Power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: saving on mass costs to land the power source.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: A laser SBSP

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: laser

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: laser

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: power source.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: mass costs to land the power source.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar Electric Propulsion Systems

text: Since the Universal Serial Bus specification provides for a five-volt power supply, it is possible to use a USB cable to connect a device to a power supply. Products based on this approach include chargers for cellular phones, portable digital audio players, and tablet computers. They may be fully compliant USB peripheral devices adhering to USB power discipline, or uncontrolled in the manner of USB decorations.Although portable solar chargers obtain energy from the sun only, they still can (depending on the technology) be used in low light (i.e. cloudy) applications.  Portable solar chargers are typically used for trickle charging, although some solar chargers (depending on the wattage), can completely recharge batteries. Other devices may exist, which combine this with other sources of energy for added recharging efficacy.

text: Since the

text: Universal Serial Bus

text: specification provides for a five-volt power supply, it is possible to use a

text: USB cable

text: to connect a device to a power supply. Products based on this approach include chargers for

text: cellular phone

text: s, portable

text: digital audio players

text: , and

text: tablet computer

text: s. They may be fully compliant USB peripheral devices adhering to USB power discipline, or uncontrolled in the manner of

text: USB decoration

text: s.Although portable solar chargers obtain energy from the sun only, they still can (depending on the technology) be used in low light (i.e. cloudy) applications.  Portable solar chargers are typically used for

text: trickle charging

text: , although some solar chargers (depending on the

text: wattage

text: ), can completely recharge batteries. Other devices may exist, which combine this with other sources of energy for added recharging efficacy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: portable solar chargers

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar chargers

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can completely recharge batteries

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low light (i.e. cloudy) applications

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: portable solar chargers

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: portable solar chargers

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: low light (i.e. cloudy) applications.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: portable solar chargers

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: USB cable to connect a device to a power supply.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low light (i.e. cloudy) applications.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: portable solar chargers

text: In 2014, Brookings Institution published The Net Benefits of Low and No-Carbon Electricity Technologies which states, after performing an energy and emissions cost analysis, that "The net benefits of new nuclear, hydro, and natural gas combined cycle plants far outweigh the net benefits of new wind or solar plants", with the most cost effective low carbon power technology being determined to be nuclear power. Moreover, Paul Joskow of MIT has determined that the "Levelized cost of electricity"(LCOE) metric is a poor means of comparing electricity sources as it hides the extra costs, such as the need to frequently operate back up power stations, incurred due to the use of intermittent power sources such as wind energy, while the value of baseload power sources are underpresented.

text: In 2014,

text: Brookings Institution

text: published The Net Benefits of Low and No-Carbon Electricity Technologies which states, after performing an energy and emissions cost analysis, that "The net benefits of new nuclear, hydro, and natural gas combined cycle plants far outweigh the net benefits of new wind or solar plants", with the most cost effective

text: low carbon power

text: technology being determined to be nuclear power. Moreover, Paul Joskow of MIT has determined that the "Levelized cost of electricity"(LCOE) metric is a poor means of comparing electricity sources as it hides the extra costs, such as the need to frequently operate back up power stations, incurred due to the use of

text: intermittent

text: power sources such as wind energy, while the value of

text: baseload

text: power sources are underpresented.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: far outweigh the net benefits

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: need to frequently operate back up power stations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind or solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind or solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: No-Carbon

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: combined cycle plants

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: need to frequently operate back up power stations,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: wind or solar plants",

text: The U.S. has some of the largest solar farms in the world. Solar Star is a 579 megawatt (MW) farm near Rosamond, California. Completed in June 2015, it uses 1.7 million solar panels, spread over 13 square kilometers (3,200 acres). The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm is a 550 MW solar power plant in Riverside County, California, that uses thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Topaz Solar Farm is a 550 MW photovoltaic power plant, in San Luis Obispo County, California. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 485 MW photovoltaic station planned for Riverside County, California.

text: The U.S. has some of the

text: largest solar farms

text: in the world.

text: Solar Star

text: is a 579

text: megawatt

text: (MW

text: ) farm near

text: Rosamond, California

text: . Completed in June 2015, it uses 1.7 million solar panels, spread over 13 square kilometers (3,200 acres). The

text: Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

text: is a 550 MW

text: solar power

text: plant in

text: Riverside County, California

text: , that uses thin-film solar

text: photovoltaic

text: modules made by

text: First Solar

text: . The

text: Topaz Solar Farm

text: is a 550 MW photovoltaic power plant, in

text: San Luis Obispo County, California

text: . The

text: Blythe Solar Power Project

text: is a 485 MW photovoltaic station planned for

text: Riverside County, California

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels, spread over 13 square kilometers

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 550 MW solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The U.S. has some of the largest solar farms

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 1.7 million solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thin-film solar photovoltaic modules

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 1.7 million solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The U.S. has some of the largest solar farms

text: South Australia, Sydney, Sydney Central Courier, Schapelle Corby, Solar Cities in Australia, Solar hot water in Australia, Solar power in Australia, Solar power plants in Central Australia, Solar power station in Victoria, Solar thermal energy in Australia, Seafood in Australia

text: South Australia

text: Sydney

text: Sydney Central Courier

text: Schapelle Corby

text: Solar Cities in Australia

text: Solar hot water in Australia

text: Solar power in Australia

text: Solar power plants in Central Australia

text: Solar power station in Victoria

text: Solar thermal energy in Australia

text: Seafood in Australia

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Australia

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar hot water

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Sydney Central Courier

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar hot water in Australia,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Cities in Australia,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar hot water in Australia,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar Cities in Australia,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar power plants in Central Australia,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar Cities in Australia,

text: Although wind energy and solar energy have been playing increasingly important roles in Castilla–La Mancha, the majority of the energy generated in the region comes from the region's large thermal power stations:

text: Although

text: wind energy

text: and

text: solar energy

text: have been playing increasingly important roles in Castilla–La Mancha, the majority of the energy generated in the region comes from the region's large

text: thermal power station

text: s:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thermal power stations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: thermal power stations:

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Castilla–La Mancha,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: thermal power stations:

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: wind energy and solar energy

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal power stations:

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: large thermal power stations:

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy

text: Solar energy is variable because of the daily rotation of the earth, seasonal changes, and because of cloud cover. According to, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District observed a 15% capacity factor in 2005. However, according to the SolarPACES programme of the International Energy Agency (IEA), solar power plants designed for solar-only generation are well matched to summer noon peak loads in areas with significant cooling demands, such as Spain or the south-western United States, although in some locations solar PV does not reduce the need for generation of network upgrades given that air conditioner peak demand often occurs in the late afternoon or early evening when solar output is reduced. SolarPACES states that by using thermal energy storage systems the operating periods of solar thermal power (CSP) stations can be extended to become dispatchable (load following). The IEA CSP Technology Roadmap (2010) suggests that "in the sunniest countries, CSP can be expected to become a competitive source of bulk power in peak and intermediate loads by 2020, and of base-load power by 2025 to 2030". A dispatchable source is more valuable than baseload power.

text: Solar energy

text: is variable because of the daily rotation of the earth, seasonal changes, and because of cloud cover. According to, the Sacramento Municipal Utility District observed a 15% capacity factor in 2005. However, according to the

text: SolarPACES

text: programme of the

text: International Energy Agency

text: (IEA), solar power plants designed for solar-only generation are well matched to summer noon peak loads in areas with significant cooling demands, such as

text: Spain

text: or the

text: south-western United States

text: , although in some locations solar PV does not reduce the need for generation of network upgrades given that air conditioner peak demand often occurs in the late afternoon or early evening when solar output is reduced. SolarPACES states that by using thermal energy storage systems the operating periods of

text: solar thermal power

text: (CSP) stations can be extended to become dispatchable (load following). The IEA CSP Technology Roadmap (2010) suggests that "in the sunniest countries, CSP can be expected to become a competitive source of bulk power in peak and intermediate loads by 2020, and of base-load power by 2025 to 2030". A dispatchable source is more valuable than baseload power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be extended to become dispatchable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: variable because of the daily rotation of the earth, seasonal changes, and because of cloud cover

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar energy is variable because of the daily rotation of the earth,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: A dispatchable source is more valuable than baseload power.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: the south-western United States,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: cooling

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: variable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power plants designed for solar-only generation

text: When it comes to several renewable energy sources such as solar power, wind power and hydroelectricity, there is a fourth reason for unused capacity. The plant may be capable of producing electricity, but its "fuel" (wind, sunlight or water) may not be available. A hydroelectric plant's production may also be affected by requirements to keep the water level from getting too high or low and to provide water for fish downstream. However, solar, wind and hydroelectric plants do have high availability factors, so when they have fuel available, they are almost always able to produce electricity.

text: When it comes to several

text: renewable energy

text: sources such as

text: solar power

text: wind power

text: and

text: hydroelectricity

text: , there is a fourth reason for unused capacity. The plant may be capable of producing electricity, but its "fuel" (

text: wind

text: sunlight

text: or

text: water

text: ) may not be available. A hydroelectric plant's production may also be affected by requirements to keep the water level from getting too high or low and to provide water for

text: fish

text: downstream. However, solar, wind and hydroelectric plants do have high

text: availability factor

text: s, so when they have fuel available, they are almost always able to produce electricity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high availability factors

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: fuel may not be available

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: its "fuel" (wind, sunlight or water) may not be available.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: (wind, sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: when they have fuel available, they are almost always able to produce electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: its "fuel"

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: (wind, sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "fuel"

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: its "fuel" (wind, sunlight or water) may not be available.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: its "fuel" (wind, sunlight or water) may not be available.

text: Solar power in Cyprus is more available than in almost all of the rest of the Europe. The Cypriot target of solar power including both photovoltaics and concentrated solar power is a combined 7% of electricity by 2020, which will be one of the top ones in the European Union markets. Respective targets are Spain 8%, Germany 7%, Greece 5%, Portugal 4% and Malta 1%.

text: Solar power in Cyprus is more available than in almost all of the rest of the Europe. The Cypriot target of

text: solar power

text: including both

text: photovoltaics

text: and

text: concentrated solar power

text: is a combined 7% of electricity by 2020, which will be one of the top ones in the European Union markets. Respective targets are

text: Spain

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Portugal

text: 4% and Malta 1%.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Cyprus

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Spain 8%

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 1%.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Cyprus

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more available

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power in Cyprus

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaics and concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 1%.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 7% of electricity by 2020,

text: Many industrialized nations have installed significant solar power capacity into their electrical grids to supplement or provide an alternative to conventional energy sources while an increasing number of less developed nations have turned to solar to reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels. Long distance transmission allows remote renewable energy resources to displace fossil fuel consumption. Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

text: Many industrialized nations have installed significant

text: solar power

text: capacity into their electrical grids to supplement or provide an alternative to

text: conventional energy

text: sources while an increasing number of less developed nations have turned to solar to reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels. Long distance transmission allows remote

text: renewable energy

text: resources to displace fossil fuel consumption. Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: long distance transmission

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Long distance transmission

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power capacity into their electrical grids

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduce dependence on expensive imported fuels.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: one of two technologies:

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power capacity into their electrical grids

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: expensive imported fuels.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

text: The Solar Ark (ソーラーアーク) is an ark-shaped solar photovoltaic power generation facility which offers activities to cultivate a better appreciation of solar power generation, and thereby benefitting both ecology and science. This 315-meter-wide, 37-meter-tall facility is located in Anpachi, Gifu Prefecture, in the geographical center of Japan, and can be seen from the JR Tōkaidō bullet train, which runs past on an adjacent railway. It has over 5000 panels that produce approximately 530,000 kilowatt-hours on an annual basis and a maximum system power of 630 kilowatts.

text: The Solar Ark (ソーラーアーク) is an ark-shaped solar

text: photovoltaic

text: power generation facility which offers activities to cultivate a better appreciation of

text: solar power

text: generation, and thereby benefitting both ecology and science. This 315-meter-wide, 37-meter-tall facility is located in

text: Anpachi

text: Gifu Prefecture

text: , in the geographical center of

text: Japan

text: , and can be seen from the

text: JR Tōkaidō

text: bullet train, which runs past on an adjacent railway. It has over 5000 panels that produce approximately 530,000 kilowatt-hours on an annual basis and a maximum system power of 630 kilowatts.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Solar Ark

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefitting both ecology and science

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a maximum system power of 630 kilowatts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power generation,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: ecology and science.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Solar Ark

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: JR T<unk>kaid<unk> bullet train,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: ecology and science.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Solar Ark

text: Installation of solar power plants require nearly  land per MW capacity which is similar to coal-fired power plants  when life cycle coal mining, consumptive water storage & ash disposal areas are also accounted and hydro power plants when submergence area of water reservoir is also accounted. 1.33 million MW capacity solar plants can be installed in India on its 1% land (32,000 square km). There are vast tracts of land suitable for solar power in all parts of India exceeding 8% of its total area which are unproductive barren and devoid of vegetation. Part of waste lands (32,000 square km) when installed with solar power plants can produce 2,000 billion Kwh of electricity (two times the total generation in the year 2013-14) with land annual productivity/yield of  per acre (at 4 Rs/kwh price) which is at par with many industrial areas and many times more than the best productive irrigated agriculture lands. Moreover, these solar power units are not dependent on supply of any raw material and are self productive. There is unlimited scope for solar electricity to replace all fossil fuel energy requirements (natural gas, coal, lignite, nuclear fuels and crude oil) if all the marginally productive lands are occupied by solar power plants in future. The solar power potential of India can meet perennially to cater per capita energy consumption at par with USA/Japan for the peak population in its demographic transition.

entity_name: List of countries by total primary energy consumption and production

text: energy consumption

text: at par with USA/Japan for the peak population in its

text: demographic transition

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: self productive

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: submergence

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unproductive barren and devoid of vegetation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: fossil fuel energy requirements

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: not dependent on supply of any raw material and are self productive.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: USA/Japan

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power units

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power units are not dependent on supply of any raw material

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: hydro power plants

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unproductive barren and devoid of vegetation.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: There is unlimited scope for solar electricity to replace all fossil fuel energy requirements

text: Enlightenment Initiative has been carried out to be in act, initially by the installations of home small electrical setups powered by the solar cells. Recently a few of houses & families has been benefited with, and in upcoming days, few of villages be benefited with these solar panels. Project materials are included of simple, but essential appliances, such as single fan, pair of fluorescence light savers.

text: Enlightenment Initiative has been carried out to be in act, initially by the installations of home small electrical setups powered by the solar cells. Recently a few of houses & families has been benefited with, and in upcoming days, few of villages be benefited with these solar panels. Project materials are included of simple, but essential appliances, such as single fan, pair of fluorescence light savers.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: few of villages be benefited with these solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels.

text: A powerful solar flare or solar superstorm, which is a drastic and unusual decrease or increase in the Sun's power output, could have severe consequences for life on Earth.

text: A powerful

text: solar flare

text: or solar superstorm, which is a drastic and unusual decrease or increase in the Sun's power output, could have severe consequences for life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar flares

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: could have severe consequences for life

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: severe consequences for life

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Sun's

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: flare

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: power output,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar flare or solar superstorm,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar flare

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar flare

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar flare

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: could have severe consequences for life on Earth.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar flare or solar superstorm,

text: Typically financial crises happen as a consequence of the government’s inability to maintain its commitments, and a benevolent government will compare the benefits and costs of maintaining the original policies. When investors believe the government is unable to honor its commitments, the expectation itself and the following optimal behaviors of the investors, such as stopping purchasing the newly issued government bond or selling the local currency for foreign currency, will increase cost for the government to adhere to the promised policy. When the cost of maintaining the committed policy is very high, the government finds it optimal to abandon the existing policy. Consequently, a crisis happens when government’s inability to maintain the committed policy ends up justifying investors' pessimism.

text: Typically financial crises happen as a consequence of the government’s inability to maintain its commitments, and a benevolent government will compare the benefits and costs of maintaining the original policies. When investors believe the government is unable to honor its commitments, the expectation itself and the following optimal behaviors of the investors, such as stopping purchasing the newly issued

text: government bond

text: or selling the local currency for foreign currency, will increase cost for the government to adhere to the promised policy. When the cost of maintaining the committed policy is very high, the government finds it optimal to abandon the existing policy. Consequently, a crisis happens when government’s inability to maintain the committed policy ends up justifying investors' pessimism.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: when the cost of maintaining the committed policy is very high

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: government’s inability to maintain its commitments,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: foreign currency,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Typically financial crises

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Typically financial crises

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Typically financial crises

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: government’s inability to maintain its commitments,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: government’s inability to maintain its commitments,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the cost of maintaining the committed policy is very high,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Typically financial crises

text: The nation's largest solar farms are located in Meuro, Neuhardenberg and Templin, with capacities beyond 100 MW. Also, concentrated solar power (CSP), another solar power technology that does not use photovoltaics, has virtually no significance for Germany, as this technology demands much higher solar insolation. There is, however, a 1.5MW experimental CSP-plant used for on-site engineering purposes rather than for commercial electricity generation, the Jülich Solar Tower owned by the German Aerospace Center. Moreover, solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation and is therefore not included in this article.

text: The

text: nation's largest solar farms

text: are located in

text: Meuro

text: Neuhardenberg

text: and

text: Templin

text: , with capacities beyond 100 MW. Also,

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP), another

text: solar power

text: technology that does not use photovoltaics, has virtually no significance for

text: Germany

text: , as this technology demands much higher solar

text: insolation

text: . There is, however, a 1.5MW experimental CSP-plant used for on-site engineering purposes rather than for commercial electricity generation, the

text: Jülich Solar Tower

text: owned by the

text: German Aerospace Center

text: . Moreover,

text: solar heating

text: does not use

text: solar energy

text: for

text: power generation

text: and is therefore not included in this article.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Germany

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has virtually no significance for Germany

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: insolation.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar insolation.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Meuro, Neuhardenberg and Templin,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar heating

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar heating

text: Existing solar buses are battery electric vehicles or (in the case of hybrid solar buses) hybrid vehicles equipped with batteries which are recharged from solar (or other) power sources; a launch of a solar bus service often goes hand in hand with investments for large-scale installations of stationary solar panels with photovoltaic cells.  Similarly as other solar vehicles, many solar buses have photovoltaic cells contained in solar panels on the vehicle's roof which convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy to be used by the engine.

text: Existing solar buses are

text: battery electric vehicle

text: s or (in the case of hybrid solar buses)

text: hybrid vehicles

text: equipped with

text: batteries

text: which are recharged from solar (or other) power sources; a launch of a solar bus service often goes hand in hand with investments for large-scale installations of stationary

text: solar panel

text: s with

text: photovoltaic cell

text: s.  Similarly as other

text: solar vehicle

text: s, many solar buses have photovoltaic cells contained in

text: solar panel

text: s on the vehicle's roof which convert the

text: sun

text: 's energy directly into

text: electric energy

text: to be used by the engine.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar buses

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels on the vehicle's roof

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar (or other) power sources;

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electric energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar buses

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels with photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sun's energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic cells.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: convert the sun's energy directly into electric energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: large-scale installations of stationary solar panels with photovoltaic cells.

text: CFLs in solar powered street lights, use solar panels mounted on the pole.

text: CFLs in

text: solar power

text: ed

text: street light

text: s, use solar panels mounted on the

text: pole

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels need to be mounted on a pole

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: CFLs

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar powered street lights,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: CFLs in solar powered street lights,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: CFLs in solar powered street lights,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: CFLs

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels mounted on the pole.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: CFLs in solar powered street lights,

text: Solar thermal collectors are classified by the United States Energy Information Administration as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors. Low-temperature collectors are flat plates generally used to heat swimming pools. Medium-temperature collectors are also usually flat plates but are used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use. High-temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses and are generally used for fulfilling heat requirements up to 300 deg C / 20 bar pressure in industries, and for electric power production. Two categories include Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) for fulfilling heat requirements in industries, and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) when the heat collected is used for power generation. CST and CSP are not replaceable in terms of application. The largest facilities are located in the American Mojave Desert of California and Nevada. These plants employ a variety of different technologies. The largest examples include, Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (377 MW), Solar Energy Generating Systems installation (354 MW), and Crescent Dunes (110 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include, Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), and Extresol Solar Power Station (100 MW).

text: Solar thermal collector

text: s are classified by the United States

text: Energy Information Administration

text: as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors. Low-temperature collectors are flat plates generally used to heat

text: swimming pool

text: s. Medium-temperature collectors are also usually flat plates but are used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use. High-temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using

text: mirror

text: s or

text: lenses

text: and are generally used for fulfilling heat requirements up to 300 deg C / 20 bar pressure in industries, and for electric power production. Two categories include Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) for fulfilling heat requirements in industries, and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) when the heat collected is used for power generation. CST and CSP are not replaceable in terms of application. The largest facilities are located in the American

text: Mojave Desert

text: of California and Nevada. These plants employ a variety of different technologies. The largest examples include,

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: (377 MW),

text: Solar Energy Generating Systems

text: installation (354 MW), and

text: Crescent Dunes

text: (110 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include,

text: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: (150 MW), the

text: Andasol solar power station

text: (150 MW), and

text: Extresol Solar Power Station

text: (100 MW).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used to heat swimming pools

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors or lenses

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Concentrated Solar Thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: CST and CSP are not replaceable in terms of application

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar Power Facility

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: heat swimming pools.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: replaceable in terms of application.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Mojave Desert of California and Nevada.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors or lenses

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Medium-temperature collectors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: water

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: CST and CSP are not replaceable in terms of application.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: High-temperature collectors

text: Even solar power, a limitless green energy source, is incredibly inefficient. If fact, getting energy from sunlight to the light bulb in your house is the most inefficient of all mainstream processes, because a solar panel is only about five percent efficient at the primary conversion stage. Cascading five percent efficiency at your electrical socket through a six percent efficient light bulb, you get a process that only yields 0.3 units of useful work out of 100 units of exposed sunlight. The multiplier here is over 300 times! While sunlight is admittedly plentiful and free, land required for larger-scale solar farms is not. The more solar energy the consumer end user comes to rely on translates into more land we need for solar farms and other space. But if we can find ways to reduce our energy appetites—especially the amount of energy we consume that serves no useful purpose such as unnecessary lighting—the Asymmetry Principle provides a framework of how we can meaningfully cut multiples of that energy at the source, regardless of whether that fuel is green or black.

text: Even

text: solar power

text: , a limitless green energy source, is incredibly inefficient. If fact, getting energy from sunlight to the light bulb in your house is the most inefficient of all mainstream processes, because a solar panel is only about five percent efficient at the primary conversion stage. Cascading five percent efficiency at your electrical socket through a six percent efficient light bulb, you get a process that only yields 0.3 units of useful work out of 100 units of exposed sunlight. The multiplier here is over 300 times! While sunlight is admittedly plentiful and free, land required for larger-scale solar farms is not. The more

text: solar energy

text: the consumer end user comes to rely on translates into more land we need for solar farms and other space. But if we can find ways to reduce our energy appetites—especially the amount of energy we consume that serves no useful purpose such as unnecessary lighting—the Asymmetry Principle provides a framework of how we can meaningfully cut multiples of that energy at the source, regardless of whether that fuel is green or black.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: a solar panel

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: inefficient

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: incredibly inefficient

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panel

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: getting energy from sunlight to the light bulb in your house

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: limitless green energy source,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: plentiful and free, land required for larger-scale solar farms

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panel

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: sunlight to the light bulb

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: incredibly inefficient.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: a limitless green energy source, is incredibly inefficient.

text: Solar cars combine technology typically used in the aerospace, bicycle, alternative energy and automotive industries. The design of a solar vehicle is severely limited by the amount of energy input into the car. Most solar cars have been built for the purpose of solar car races. Some solar cars are designed also for public use  List of prototype solar-powered cars

text: Solar cars combine technology typically used in the

text: aerospace

text: bicycle

text: alternative energy

text: and

text: automotive

text: industries. The design of a solar vehicle is severely limited by the amount of energy input into the car. Most solar cars have been built for the purpose of

text: solar car races

text: . Some solar cars are designed also for public use

text: List of prototype solar-powered cars

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: amount of energy input into the car

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: list of prototype solar-powered cars

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar vehicle

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar vehicle

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: alternative energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar cars

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar cars

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar vehicle

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the amount of energy input into the car.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar vehicle is severely limited by the amount of energy input into the car.

text: In 2015, several community solar projects were proposed. Consumers Power built a 3 MW solar farm at Grand Valley State University, completed April 2016, which became the largest solar farm in Michigan. Consumers Power also built a 1 MW community solar project at Western Michigan University, completed in August 2016. Two 0.3 MW community solar farms are proposed by Lansing BWL, one in East Lansing and one in Lansing.  DTE Energy has issued proposals for community solar farms that could reach 50 MW.

text: In 2015, several

text: community solar

text: projects were proposed. Consumers Power built a 3 MW solar farm at

text: Grand Valley State University

text: , completed April 2016, which became the largest solar farm in Michigan. Consumers Power also built a 1 MW community solar project at

text: Western Michigan University

text: , completed in August 2016. Two 0.3 MW community solar farms are proposed by Lansing BWL, one in East Lansing and one in Lansing.  DTE Energy has issued proposals for community solar farms that could reach 50 MW.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Michigan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: community solar farms

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar projects

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: community solar projects

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Michigan.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: community solar projects

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Grand Valley State University,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 3 MW solar farm

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 3 MW solar farm

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar projects

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 50 MW.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: community solar farms that could reach 50 MW.

text: Solar energy is a possible source of power for a Lunar base. Many of the raw materials needed for solar panel production can be extracted on site. However, the long Lunar night (354 hours) is a drawback for solar power on the Moon's surface. This might be solved by building several power plants, so that at least one of them is always in daylight. Another possibility would be to build such a power plant where there is constant or near-constant sunlight, such as at the Malapert mountain near the Lunar south pole, or on the rim of Peary crater near the north pole. A third possibility would be to leave the panels in orbit, and beam the power down as microwaves.

text: Solar energy is a possible source of power for a Lunar base. Many of the raw materials needed for solar panel production can be extracted on site. However, the long Lunar night (354 hours) is a drawback for solar power on the Moon's surface. This might be solved by building several power plants, so that at least one of them is always in daylight. Another possibility would be to build such a power plant where there is constant or near-constant sunlight, such as at the Malapert mountain near the Lunar south pole, or on the rim of

text: Peary crater

text: near the north pole. A third possibility would be to

text: leave the panels in orbit

text: , and beam the power down as microwaves.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: microwaves

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be extracted on site

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: long Lunar night

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar energy is a possible source of power for a Lunar base.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: microwaves.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Lunar base.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Many of the raw materials needed for solar panel production can be extracted on site.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: constant or near-constant sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panel

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: microwaves.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the long Lunar night

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power

text: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions. This led Antonio Damasio to hypothesize that decision-making deficits following VMPFC damage result from the inability to use emotions to help guide future behavior based on past experiences. Consequently, VMPFC damage forces those afflicted to rely on slow and laborious cost-benefit analyses for every given choice situation.

text: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions. This led Antonio Damasio to hypothesize that decision-making deficits following VMPFC damage result from the inability to use emotions to help guide future behavior based on past experiences. Consequently, VMPFC damage forces those afflicted to rely on slow and laborious cost-benefit analyses for every given choice situation.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost-benefit analyses

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: VMPFC damage

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: emotions.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: emotions.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: VMPFC

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: slow and laborious cost-benefit analyses

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: VMPFC patients also have difficulty expressing and experiencing appropriate emotions.

text: Solar power represented a very small part of electricity production in United Kingdom until 2011. The installed base has increased rapidly in recent years as a result of reductions in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and the introduction of a feed-in tariff (FIT) subsidy in April 2010. As of April 2016, there is a total installed capacity of 9.79 gigawatts (GW) of solar power. placing the United Kingdom in sixth place internationally in terms of total installed capacity, behind China, Germany, Japan USA and Italy, and having overtaken France and Spain in 2015. The 48 megawatts (MW) Southwick Estate solar farm, near Fareham, was the largest in the UK at the time of its completion in March 2015. In 2012, the government had said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years, representing 22  (GW) of installed solar power capacity by 2020.

text: Solar power

text: represented a very small part of electricity production in

text: United Kingdom

text: until 2011. The installed base has increased rapidly in recent years as a result of reductions in the cost of

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) panels, and the introduction of a

text: feed-in tariff

text: (FIT) subsidy in April 2010. As of April 2016, there is a total installed capacity of 9.79

text: gigawatts (GW)

text: of solar power. placing the United Kingdom in sixth place internationally in terms of total installed capacity, behind

text: China

text: Germany

text: Japan

text: USA

text: and

text: Italy,

text: and having overtaken

text: France

text: and

text: Spain

text: in 2015. The 48

text: megawatts

text: (MW) Southwick Estate solar farm, near Fareham, was the largest in the UK at the time of its completion in March 2015. In 2012, the government had said that 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years, representing 22  (GW) of installed solar power capacity by 2020.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a very small part of electricity production in United Kingdom until 2011

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power represented a very small part of electricity production in United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power represented a very small part of electricity production in United Kingdom

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reductions in the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: China, Germany, Japan USA

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic (PV) panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a very small part of electricity production in United Kingdom until 2011.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 4 million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years,

text: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently, and are forced into early retirement. When this can be predicted, employees must discuss their future with their employers and the loss of skills they expect to face. Those who are forced to retire early may not have access to the full range of benefits available to those who retire at the minimum age set by the government. With some jobs, a mistake may have devastating consequences on a large number of people, and cases have been reported in which a person with early-onset Alzheimer's who is unaware of their condition has caused distress.

text: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently, and are forced into early retirement. When this can be predicted, employees must discuss their future with their employers and the loss of skills they expect to face. Those who are forced to retire early may not have access to the full range of benefits available to those who retire at the minimum age set by the government. With some jobs, a mistake may have devastating consequences on a large number of people, and cases have been reported in which a person with early-onset Alzheimer's who is unaware of their condition has caused distress.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the loss of skills they expect to face

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: forced into early retirement.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: retirement.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: loss of skills they expect to face.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Those who are working lose their ability to perform their jobs competently,

text: A photovoltaic system, also solar PV power system, or PV system, is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. It may also use a solar tracking system to improve the system's overall performance and include an integrated battery solution, as prices for storage devices are expected to decline. Strictly speaking, a solar array only encompasses the ensemble of solar panels, the visible part of the PV system, and does not include all the other hardware, often summarized as balance of system (BOS). Moreover, PV systems convert light directly into electricity and shouldn't be confused with other technologies, such as concentrated solar power or solar thermal, used for heating and cooling.

text: A photovoltaic system, also solar PV power system, or PV system, is a

text: power system

text: designed to supply usable

text: solar power

text: by means of

text: photovoltaics

text: . It consists of an arrangement of several components, including

text: solar panel

text: s to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a

text: solar inverter

text: to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as

text: mounting

text: cabling

text: and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. It may also use a

text: solar tracking system

text: to improve the system's overall performance and include an

text: integrated battery solution

text: , as prices for storage devices are expected to decline. Strictly speaking, a solar array only encompasses the ensemble of solar panels, the visible part of the PV system, and does not include all the other hardware, often summarized as

text: balance of system

text: (BOS). Moreover, PV systems convert light directly into electricity and shouldn't be confused with other technologies, such as

text: concentrated solar power

text: or

text: solar thermal

text: , used for heating and cooling.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: photovoltaic system

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a solar array only encompasses the ensemble of solar panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power by means of photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: convert light directly into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a solar array only encompasses the ensemble of solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: photovoltaic system,

text: Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is the name given to nine solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which were built in the 1980s. These plants have a combined capacity of 354 megawatts (MW) making them the largest solar power installation in the world. Nevada Solar One is a new solar thermal plant with a 64-MW generating capacity, located near Boulder City, NV. There are also plans to build other large solar plants in the Mojave Desert. An additional 392 megawatts of solar-derived electricity is expected to be added by the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility by the year 2013.

text: Solar Energy Generating Systems

text: (SEGS) is the name given to nine

text: solar power plants

text: in the

text: Mojave Desert

text: which were built in the 1980s. These plants have a combined capacity of 354

text: megawatts

text: (MW) making them the largest

text: solar power

text: installation in the world.

text: Nevada Solar One

text: is a new

text: solar thermal

text: plant with a 64-MW generating capacity, located near

text: Boulder City

text: NV

text: . There are also plans to build other large solar plants in the Mojave Desert. An additional 392 megawatts of solar-derived electricity is expected to be added by the

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: by the year 2013.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: capacity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-derived electricity

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar-derived electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a combined capacity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 2013.

text: In 2011, a provision was added to the LCFS that allows refiners to receive credits for the deployment of innovative crude production technologies, such as carbon capture and sequestration or solar steam generation. Solar thermal enhanced oil recovery is a form of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which is key to harvesting California’s heavy crude. Currently, California uses EOR to help produce about 60% of its crude output. By using solar power instead of natural gas to create steam for EOR, solar steam generation reduces the amount of emissions produced during oil extraction, thus lowering the overall carbon intensity of crude. California currently has two solar EOR projects in operation, one in McKittrick, operated by LINN Energy (formerly Berry Petroleum) using enclosed trough technology from GlassPoint Solar, and another in Coalinga operated by Chevron Corporation using BrightSource Energy power tower technology. CARB is currently considering an amendment to allow upstream operators to receive credits for deploying innovative crude production technologies.

text: In 2011, a provision was added to the LCFS that allows refiners to receive credits for the deployment of innovative crude production technologies, such as carbon capture and sequestration or solar steam generation.

text: Solar thermal enhanced oil recovery

text: is a form of

text: enhanced oil recovery

text: (EOR), which is key to harvesting California’s heavy crude. Currently, California uses EOR to help produce about 60% of its crude output. By using solar power instead of natural gas to create steam for EOR, solar steam generation reduces the amount of emissions produced during oil extraction, thus lowering the overall carbon intensity of crude. California currently has two solar EOR projects in operation, one in McKittrick, operated by LINN Energy (formerly Berry Petroleum) using enclosed trough technology from

text: GlassPoint Solar

text: , and another in Coalinga operated by

text: Chevron Corporation

text: using

text: BrightSource Energy

text: power tower technology. CARB is currently considering an amendment to allow upstream operators to receive credits for deploying innovative crude production technologies.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: lowering the overall carbon intensity of crude

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: enclosed trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal enhanced oil recovery

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: natural gas

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduces the amount of emissions produced during oil extraction,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California’s

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar steam generation reduces the amount of emissions produced during oil extraction,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar steam generation

text: The solar wind is a stream of plasma released from the Sun's upper atmosphere. It consists of mostly electrons and protons with energies usually between 1.5 and 10 keV. The stream of particles varies in density, temperature and speed over time and over solar longitude. These particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy.

text: The solar wind is a stream of plasma released from the Sun's

text: upper atmosphere

text: . It consists of mostly

text: electron

text: s and protons with energies usually between 1.5 and 10

text: keV

text: . The stream of particles varies in density, temperature and speed over time and over solar longitude. These particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can escape the Sun's gravity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: density, temperature and speed

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The solar wind

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: varies in density, temperature and speed over time and over solar longitude.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The solar wind

text: Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, concentrated solar power and solar architecture, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces. The International Energy Agency projected that solar power could provide "a third of the global final energy demand after 2060, while CO emissions would be reduced to very low levels." Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

text: Solar energy, radiant

text: light

text: and

text: heat

text: from the

text: sun

text: , has been harnessed by humans since

text: ancient times

text: using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include

text: solar heating

text: solar photovoltaics

text: concentrated solar power

text: and

text: solar architecture

text: , which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces. The

text: International Energy Agency

text: projected that solar power could provide "a third of the global final energy demand after 2060, while CO emissions would be reduced to very low levels." Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either

text: passive solar

text: or

text: active solar

text: depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of

text: photovoltaic system

text: s and

text: solar thermal collector

text: s to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable

text: thermal mass

text: or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that

text: naturally circulate air

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiant light and heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: CO emissions would be reduced to very low levels

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar thermal collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiant light and heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: CO emissions would be reduced to very low levels."

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar thermal collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal collectors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal mass or light dispersing

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: CO emissions would be reduced to very low levels."

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: "a third of the global final energy demand after 2060,

text: In May 2003, CEC opened Solar 1, a solar-powered building, where students and residents from the City and the greater Metro area learn first hand the principles about energy conservation in their urban neighborhood. The Solar 2 Green Energy Arts and Education Center will be a new  Platinum LEED certified “net-zero” building that will replace Solar 1 and will be the only one of its kind in New York City.

text: In May 2003, CEC opened Solar 1, a solar-powered building, where students and residents from the City and the greater Metro area learn first hand the principles about energy conservation in their urban neighborhood. The Solar 2 Green Energy Arts and Education Center will be a new  Platinum LEED certified “net-zero” building that will replace Solar 1 and will be the only one of its kind in New York City.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: net-zero

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: New York City

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: net-zero

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: net-zero

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-powered building,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: “net-zero”

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: New York City.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy conservation

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar 1, a solar-powered building,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar-powered building,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-powered building,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-powered building,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: energy conservation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar 1, a solar-powered building,

text: In 2009 centre to the PRC Government’s plans is the recently announced "Golden Sun" stimulus program. Under this program the Ministry of Finance will subsidize half of the total constructioncosts of an on-grid solar power plant, including transmission expenses. The Ministry of Finance will also pay subsidies of up to 70% to develop independent photovoltaic power generating systems in remote regions. The strong handed move by the Government is meant to encourage more solar projects to increase the current solar power capacity, which at 2008 stood at a paltry 40MW. As the Government targets to increase China’s solar power capacity up to 20GW by 2020, this will provide significant opportunities for solar cell and module manufacturers. Many of the solar industry players therefore will expect for chances to be benefited from the government programs especially the solar cell manufacturers. With the hope of increase in local demand, some of the new developments have been going on with this region, like Anwell Technologies Limited, a Singapore listed company having its solar cell manufacturing plant in China, has produced its first thin film solar panel with its own developed production lines in September 2009.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: China

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used in remote regions

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 40MW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: on-grid solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: "Golden Sun" stimulus program.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cell

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: on-grid solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thin film solar panel

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a paltry 40MW.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 20GW by 2020,

text: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants use concentrated solar radiation as a high-temperature energy source to produce electrical power. A solar tracker is a device for concentrating solar reflectors toward the sun. Bearings are used in the pivot points to both support the structure in a parabolic trough and to rotate the mirrors on heliostats (solar tower).

text: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants use concentrated solar radiation as a high-temperature energy source to produce electrical power. A solar tracker is a device for concentrating solar reflectors toward the sun. Bearings are used in the pivot points to both support the structure in a parabolic trough and to rotate the mirrors on heliostats (solar tower).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar reflectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high-temperature energy source

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar radiation as a high-temperature energy source to produce electrical power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Concentrating Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high-temperature energy source to produce electrical power.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Concentrating Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar tracker

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrated solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrated solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high-temperature

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Concentrating Solar Power

text: Superman's heat vision is the ability to emit solar energy from his eyes. This usually resembles bright red or orange laser-like beams, which may be invisible at low temperatures but extremely bright at high ones. The effective range of his beams is at least hundreds of feet. It can also reach hundreds of miles wide. In addition to varying the beam width, height, and intensity, Superman has demonstrated a high degree of skill and accuracy in manipulating his beam, being able to use this power with surgical precision and at microscopic levels. Superman can lobotomize or excise someone's psionic powers as shown in The Elite when he cut off Manchester Black's powers. Since the power can be used invisibly, Superman often takes advantage of that to perform tasks subtly without needing to get into costume. In some versions, these beams can also be used to rapidly expand air or other matter to produce great concussive force. The beams are tremendously powerful, and can be used to rupture steel plates and pulverize rock. Also in some stories, it can be reflected like a true laser. Superman can do this with great skill and accuracy, manipulating the blasts to strike multiple targets in rapid succession, or more mundanely to remove his very durable facial hair. In the Post-Crisis stories, Superman has the ability to destroy entire planets with his heat vision with minimal effort.  However, it is sometimes shown to be one of his more physically draining powers to use, as it uses such concentrated solar energy. In the Pre-Crisis stories, Clark wears glasses with lenses made of Kryptonian glass (initially salvaged from his rocket ship's transparency dome) so he can fire his heat vision through them without damaging them. In the stories from the 1986 relaunch onward, Clark wears glasses with regular lenses, which force Clark to momentarily lift them out of his eyes' firing arc to use his heat vision effectively. In revision in Superman: Secret Origin, Clark wears glasses with Kryptonian glass that are intended to contain unwanted firings. Heat vision was initially introduced as "the heat of his x-ray vision" (a byproduct of his existing x-ray vision powers) in Superman (vol. 1) #59 (July 1949); heat vision as a separate power first appeared in Action Comics #275 (April 1961). In Superman #38, part of The New 52, it is revealed that Superman's heat vision is a precursor to a power called "super flare". This power utilizes all the solar energy stored within Superman's cells, allowing him to resort to an all-out attack. However, Superman cannot use it more than occasionally, as it drains him of all the solar energy he has stored up until he can recharge his cells with solar energy which takes him about 24 hours. During this time frame, he is essentially human in his abilities.

text: Superman's heat vision is the ability to emit solar energy from his eyes. This usually resembles bright red or orange laser-like beams, which may be invisible at low temperatures but extremely bright at high ones. The effective range of his beams is at least hundreds of feet. It can also reach hundreds of miles wide. In addition to varying the beam width, height, and intensity, Superman has demonstrated a high degree of skill and accuracy in manipulating his beam, being able to use this power with surgical precision and at microscopic levels. Superman can lobotomize or excise someone's psionic powers as shown in

text: The Elite

text: when he cut off

text: Manchester Black

text: 's powers. Since the power can be used invisibly, Superman often takes advantage of that to perform tasks subtly without needing to get into costume. In some versions, these beams can also be used to

text: rapidly expand air or other matter

text: to produce great concussive force. The beams are tremendously powerful, and can be used to rupture steel plates and pulverize rock. Also in some stories, it can be reflected like a true laser. Superman can do this with great skill and accuracy, manipulating the blasts to strike multiple targets in rapid succession, or more mundanely to remove his very durable facial hair. In the Post-Crisis stories, Superman has the ability to destroy entire planets with his heat vision with minimal effort.  However, it is sometimes shown to be one of his more physically draining powers to use, as it uses such concentrated solar energy. In the Pre-Crisis stories, Clark wears glasses with lenses made of Kryptonian glass (initially salvaged from his rocket ship's transparency dome) so he can fire his heat vision through them without damaging them. In the stories from the 1986 relaunch onward, Clark wears glasses with regular lenses, which force Clark to momentarily lift them out of his eyes' firing arc to use his heat vision effectively. In revision in

text: Superman: Secret Origin

text: , Clark wears glasses with Kryptonian glass that are intended to contain unwanted firings. Heat vision was initially introduced as "the heat of his x-ray vision" (a byproduct of his existing x-ray vision powers) in Superman (vol. 1) #59 (July 1949); heat vision as a separate power first appeared in Action Comics #275 (April 1961). In Superman #38, part of The New 52, it is revealed that Superman's heat vision is a precursor to a power called "super flare". This power utilizes all the solar energy stored within Superman's cells, allowing him to resort to an all-out attack. However, Superman cannot use it more than occasionally, as it drains him of all the solar energy he has stored up until he can recharge his cells with solar energy which takes him about 24 hours. During this time frame, he is essentially human in his abilities.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: laser-like beams

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Superman's heat vision

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used invisibly

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: invisible at low temperatures but extremely bright at high ones

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: x-ray vision"

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heat vision

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Superman's heat vision

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: invisible at low temperatures but extremely bright at high ones.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: heat vision

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Clark wears glasses with lenses made of Kryptonian glass

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: x-ray vision

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: invisible at low temperatures

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: heat vision

text: Khi Solar One (KSO) is a solar power tower solar thermal power plant, located in the Northern Cape Region of South Africa.  Khi Solar One is 50 megawatts (MW), and is the first solar tower plant in Africa. It covers an area of .

text: Khi Solar One (KSO) is a

text: solar power tower

text: solar thermal

text: power plant, located in the

text: Northern Cape

text: Region of

text: South Africa

text: .  Khi Solar One is 50

text: megawatt

text: s (MW), and is the first solar tower plant in Africa. It covers an area of .

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: KSO

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar towers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power plant

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power tower solar thermal power plant,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: South Africa.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power tower solar thermal power plant,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Khi Solar One

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: tower

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power plant,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Khi Solar One

text: Solar energy is a source of inexhaustible energy. There is more solar energy that reaches the surface of the Earth each hour than the amount of energy consumed by the world in a year. The challenges of using the sun's energy – energy which can be obtained either from wind power or from solar power – is that the energy needs to either be (1) stored in physical form of fuel for when it can be used in the future, or (2) transported directly as electricity, through transmission lines. Neither is dispatchable, as there is no control over when the sun will shine or when the wind will blow. There are, however, concentrated solar power plants using thermal storage that can store energy efficiently for up to 24 hours.

text: Solar

text: energy is a source of inexhaustible energy. There is more solar energy that reaches the surface of the Earth each hour than the amount of energy consumed by the world in a year. The challenges of using the

text: sun

text: 's energy – energy which can be obtained either from

text: wind power

text: or from

text: solar power

text: – is that the energy needs to either be (1) stored in physical form of fuel for when it can be used in the future, or (2) transported directly as electricity, through transmission lines. Neither is

text: dispatchable

text: , as there is no control over when the sun will shine or when the wind will blow. There are, however,

text: concentrated solar power

text: plants using thermal storage that can store energy efficiently for up to 24 hours.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: thermal storage

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal storage

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Neither is dispatchable, as there is no control over when the sun will shine or the wind will blow

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind power or from solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: inexhaustible energy.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: inexhaustible

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar energy is a source of inexhaustible energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power plants using thermal storage

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: thermal storage

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal storage

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Neither is dispatchable,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: concentrated solar power plants

text: Solar energy can be turned into electricity either directly in solar cells, or in a concentrating solar power plant by focusing the light to run a heat engine.

text: Solar energy

text: can be turned into electricity either directly in

text: solar cell

text: s, or in a

text: concentrating solar power

text: plant by focusing the light to run a heat engine.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be turned into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heat engine

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar energy can be turned into electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar energy can be turned into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar energy can be turned into electricity either directly in solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power plant by focusing the light to run a heat engine.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: focusing the light to run a heat engine.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat engine.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heat engine.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: heat engine.

text: Benefits of an innovation obviously are the positive consequences, while the costs are the negative. Costs may be monetary or nonmonetary, direct or indirect. Direct costs are usually related to financial uncertainty and the economic state of the actor. Indirect costs are more difficult to identify. An example would be the need to buy a new kind of pesticide to use innovative seeds. Indirect costs may also be social, such as social conflict caused by innovation. Marketers are particularly interested in the diffusion process as it determines the success or failure of a new product. It is quite important for a marketer to understand the diffusion process so as to ensure proper management of the spread of a new product or service.

text: Benefits of an innovation obviously are the positive consequences, while the costs are the negative. Costs may be monetary or nonmonetary, direct or indirect. Direct costs are usually related to financial uncertainty and the economic state of the actor. Indirect costs are more difficult to identify. An example would be the need to buy a new kind of pesticide to use innovative seeds. Indirect costs may also be social, such as social conflict caused by innovation. Marketers are particularly interested in the diffusion process as it determines the success or failure of a new product. It is quite important for a marketer to understand the diffusion process so as to ensure proper management of the spread of a new product or service.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: direct

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: diffusion

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: direct costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: benefit

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: seeds.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: diffusion process

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: innovation

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: positive consequences,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Benefits of an innovation

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: seeds.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: seeds.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: diffusion

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Costs

text: Some scenarios have received more attention than have others. For example, while a sizable amount of work has been done to predict the consequences of a radio telescope detection of ETI elsewhere in our galaxy, very little such effort has been used to identify the consequences of discovering single-celled life forms elsewhere in the Solar System. Confirmation of such fossilized or living organisms on a nearby planet or moon could still have acute effects on individuals’ world-views and raise many ethical and practical issues.

text: Some scenarios have received more attention than have others. For example, while a sizable amount of work has been done to predict the consequences of a

text: radio telescope

text: detection of ETI elsewhere in our galaxy, very little such effort has been used to identify the consequences of discovering

text: single-celled life forms

text: elsewhere in the

text: Solar System

text: . Confirmation of such

text: fossil

text: ized or living organisms on a nearby

text: planet

text: or

text: moon

text: could still have acute effects on individuals’ world-views and raise many ethical and practical issues.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the Solar System

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has many ethical and practical issues

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: many ethical and practical issues

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: single-celled life forms elsewhere in the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radio telescope detection of ETI

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar System.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: single-celled life forms elsewhere in the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: single-celled life forms elsewhere in the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: radio telescope

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: single-celled life forms elsewhere in the Solar System.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: radio telescope

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: ethical and practical issues.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: single-celled life forms elsewhere in the Solar System.

text: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

text: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into

text: electricity

text: , either directly using

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV), or indirectly using

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the

text: photoelectric effect

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: converts sunlight into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lenses or mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photoelectric effect

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunlight into electricity,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photoelectric effect.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: of solar power falls on the planet's surface. While it is not possible to capture all, or even most, of this energy, capturing less than 0.02% would be enough to meet the current energy needs. Barriers to further solar generation include the high price of making solar cells and reliance on weather patterns to generate electricity. Also, current solar generation does not produce electricity at night, which is a particular problem in high northern and southern latitude countries; energy demand is highest in winter, while availability of solar energy is lowest. This could be overcome by buying power from countries closer to the equator during winter months, and may also be addressed with technological developments such as the development of inexpensive energy storage. Globally, solar generation is the fastest growing source of energy, seeing an annual average growth of 35% over the past few years. Japan, Europe, China, U.S. and India are the major growing investors in solar energy. Solar power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 1%.

text: of solar power falls on the planet's surface. While it is not possible to capture all, or even most, of this energy, capturing less than 0.02% would be enough to meet the current energy needs. Barriers to further solar generation include the high price of making

text: solar cells

text: and reliance on weather patterns to generate electricity. Also, current solar generation does not produce electricity at night, which is a particular problem in high northern and southern latitude countries; energy demand is highest in winter, while availability of solar energy is lowest. This could be overcome by buying power from countries closer to the equator during winter months, and may also be addressed with technological developments such as the development of inexpensive energy storage. Globally, solar generation is the fastest growing source of energy, seeing an annual average growth of 35% over the past few years.

text: Japan

text: Europe

text: China

text: U.S.

text: and

text: India

text: are the major growing investors in solar energy. Solar power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 1%.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheap

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high price of making solar cells

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar generation is the fastest growing source of energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: falls on the planet's surface.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Globally, solar generation is the fastest growing source of energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power falls on the planet's surface.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 0.02%

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: energy storage.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high price of making solar cells and reliance on weather patterns to generate electricity.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: high price of making solar cells

text: The consideration constituted by a negotiable instrument is cognizable as the value given up to acquire it (benefit) and the consequent loss of value (detriment) to the prior holder; thus, no separate consideration is required to support an accompanying contract assignment. The instrument itself is understood as memorializing the right for, and power to demand, payment, and an obligation for payment evidenced by the instrument itself with possession as a holder in due course being the touchstone for the right to, and power to demand, payment. In some instances, the negotiable instrument can serve as the writing memorializing a contract, thus satisfying any applicable Statute of Frauds as to that contract.

text: The consideration constituted by a negotiable instrument is cognizable as the value given up to acquire it (benefit) and the consequent loss of value (detriment) to the prior holder; thus, no separate consideration is required to support an accompanying contract assignment. The instrument itself is understood as memorializing the right for, and power to demand, payment, and an obligation for payment evidenced by the instrument itself with possession as a holder in due course being the touchstone for the right to, and power to demand, payment. In some instances, the negotiable instrument can serve as the writing memorializing a contract, thus satisfying any applicable

text: Statute of Frauds

text: as to that contract.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Statute of Frauds

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no separate consideration is required to support an accompanying contract assignment.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: (benefit) and the consequent loss of value (detriment)

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The consideration constituted by a negotiable instrument

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: (benefit)

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The consideration constituted by a negotiable instrument

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: The consideration constituted by a negotiable instrument

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: negotiable instrument

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The consideration constituted by a negotiable instrument

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: loss of value (detriment)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The consideration constituted by a negotiable instrument

text: SunPower has recently announced a number of projects around the world that utilize its patented solar tracker technology. The company maintains a market-leading position in Spain with more than 61 megawatts installed or under construction; recently completed a 2.2-megawatt solar power plant in Mungyeong, Korea, the 15-megawatt Nellis Solar Power Plant in Nevada, and the 579-megawatt Solar Star PV power plant - the largest solar PV power plant in the US.

text: SunPower has recently announced a number of projects around the world that utilize its patented

text: solar tracker

text: technology. The company maintains a market-leading position in Spain with more than 61

text: megawatt

text: s installed or under construction; recently completed a 2.2-megawatt solar power plant in

text: Mungyeong

text: , Korea, the 15-megawatt

text: Nellis Solar Power Plant

text: in Nevada, and the 579-megawatt

text: Solar Star

text: PV power plant - the largest solar PV power plant in the US.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar trackers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar tracker

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar tracker technology.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Korea,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar tracker technology.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Nevada,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar tracker

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar tracker

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar tracker

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar tracker technology.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar tracker technology.

text: The band address environmental issues, and much of their material is recorded using solar powered equipment.

text: The band address

text: environmental

text: issues, and much of their material is recorded using

text: solar power

text: ed equipment.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the band

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it requires a lot of energy to run

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar powered equipment.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar powered equipment.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar powered equipment.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: environmental issues,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar powered equipment.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar powered equipment.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar powered equipment.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar powered equipment.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: environmental issues,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar powered equipment.

text: Commercial concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, also called "solar thermal power stations", were first developed in the 1980s. The 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world’s largest solar thermal power plant project.  Other large CSP plants include the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), and Extresol Solar Power Station (150 MW), all in Spain. The principal advantage of CSP is the ability to efficiently add thermal storage, allowing the dispatching of electricity over up to a 24-hour period. Since peak electricity demand typically occurs at about 5 pm, many CSP power plants use 3 to 5 hours of thermal storage.

text: Commercial concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, also called "solar thermal power stations", were first developed in the 1980s. The 377 MW

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: , located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world’s largest solar thermal power plant project.  Other large CSP plants include the

text: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: (150 MW), the

text: Andasol solar power station

text: (150 MW), and

text: Extresol Solar Power Station

text: (150 MW), all in Spain. The principal advantage of CSP is the ability to efficiently add thermal storage, allowing the dispatching of electricity over up to a 24-hour period. Since peak electricity demand typically occurs at about 5 pm, many CSP power plants use 3 to 5 hours of thermal storage.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrating

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal power stations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be dispatched over up to a 24-hour period

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: peak electricity demand typically occurs at about 5 pm, many CSP power plants use 3 to 5 hours of thermal storage

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: ability to efficiently add thermal storage,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California's Mojave Desert,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrating solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal storage,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 3 to 5 hours of thermal storage.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Commercial concentrating solar power

text: At the same time, Bulgaria has a rapidly expanding renewable energy market. Growth in the sector has surpassed forecasts and has notably increased prices and strain on the electrical grid in the past few years. Investment in wind and solar power installations between 2008 and 2012 in Bulgaria is estimated at more than 4 billion euros, which needs to be repaid by surcharges on electricity prices over the next years. Since 2005, electricity prices for industrial consumers, along with other utilities, have doubled or tripled. In 2011, SCEWR rejected demands by regional monopolies to increase power prices, but a string of severe price spikes occurred in 2012 as a consequence of renewable energy charges. In response, the government drastically cut preferential feed-in tariffs for solar power with 50%, and with 22% for wind power. SCEWR also increased power transmission fees by 50 per cent in an attempt to curb green energy production. These measures led to a drop in electricity exports and withdrawal of investment projects, but prices continued to rise slowly in the following months. Subsequent inflation caused by higher production costs was recorded as the highest for the past four years.

text: At the same time, Bulgaria has a rapidly expanding

text: renewable energy

text: market. Growth in the sector has surpassed forecasts and has notably increased prices and strain on the electrical grid in the past few years. Investment in wind and solar power installations between 2008 and 2012 in Bulgaria is estimated at more than 4 billion euros, which needs to be repaid by surcharges on electricity prices over the next years. Since 2005, electricity prices for industrial consumers, along with other utilities, have doubled or tripled. In 2011, SCEWR rejected demands by regional monopolies to increase power prices, but a string of severe price spikes occurred in 2012 as a consequence of renewable energy charges. In response, the government drastically cut preferential feed-in tariffs for solar power with 50%, and with 22% for wind power. SCEWR also increased power transmission fees by 50 per cent in an attempt to curb green energy production. These measures led to a drop in electricity exports and withdrawal of investment projects, but prices continued to rise slowly in the following months. Subsequent

text: inflation

text: caused by higher production costs was recorded as the highest for the past four years.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Bulgaria

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has notably increased prices

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: price spikes occurred in 2012 as a consequence of renewable energy charges

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: feed-in

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power installations between 2008 and 2012 in Bulgaria

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Bulgaria has a rapidly expanding renewable energy market.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: electrical grid

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: green energy production.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Investment in wind and solar power installations between 2008 and 2012

text: U.S. wind power installed capacity now exceeds 72,000 MW and supplies 4.1% of the nation's electricity. Texas is firmly established as the leader in wind power development, followed by Iowa and California. Since the U.S. pioneered the technology with Solar One, several solar thermal power stations have also been built.  The largest of these solar thermal power stations are the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW), southwest of Las Vegas, and the SEGS group of plants in the Mojave Desert, with a total generating capacity of 354 MW. Large photovoltaic power plants in the USA include Solar Star (579 MW), near Rosamond, California, the Desert Sunlight Solar Farm, a 550 MW solar power plant in Riverside County, California and the Topaz Solar Farm, a 550 MW photovoltaic power plant, in San Luis Obispo County, California. The Geysers in Northern California is the largest complex of geothermal energy production in the world.

text: U.S. wind power

text: installed capacity now exceeds 72,000 MW and supplies 4.1% of the nation's electricity.

text: Texas

text: is firmly established as the leader in wind power development, followed by Iowa and California. Since the U.S. pioneered the technology with

text: Solar One

text: , several

text: solar thermal power

text: stations have also been built.  The largest of these solar thermal power stations are the

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: (392 MW), southwest of Las Vegas, and the

text: SEGS

text: group of plants in the Mojave Desert, with a total generating capacity of 354 MW. Large

text: photovoltaic power plant

text: s in the USA include

text: Solar Star

text: (579 MW), near

text: Rosamond, California

text: , the

text: Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

text: , a 550 MW

text: solar power

text: plant in

text: Riverside County, California

text: and the

text: Topaz Solar Farm

text: , a 550 MW

text: photovoltaic

text: power plant, in

text: San Luis Obispo County, California

text: The Geysers

text: in Northern California is the largest complex of

text: geothermal energy

text: production in the world.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal power stations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The Geysers in Northern California is the largest complex of geothermal energy production in the world.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal power stations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: southwest of Las Vegas,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: generating capacity of 354 MW.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar One,

text: The 122 PW of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is plentiful—almost 10,000 times more than the 13 TW equivalent of average power consumed in 2005 by humans. This abundance leads to the suggestion that it will not be long before solar energy will become the world's primary energy source. Additionally, solar electric generation has the highest power density (global mean of 170 W/m) among renewable energies.

text: The 122

text: PW

text: of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is plentiful—almost 10,000 times more than the 13 TW equivalent of average power consumed in 2005 by humans. This abundance leads to the suggestion that it will not be long before solar energy will become the world's primary energy source. Additionally, solar electric generation has the highest power density (global mean of 170 W/m) among renewable energies.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: power density

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: power density

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy will become the world's primary energy source.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy will become the world's primary energy source.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: highest power density

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 10,000 times more than the 13 TW equivalent of average power consumed in 2005

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar electric generation

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 13 TW equivalent of average power consumed in 2005 by humans.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy will become the world's primary energy source.

text: There are several solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which supply power to the electricity grid. Insolation (solar radiation) in the Mojave Desert is among the best available in the United States, and some significant population centers are located in the area. These plants can generally be built in a few years because solar plants are built almost entirely with modular, readily available materials. Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is the name given to nine solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which were built in the 1980s, the first commercial solar plant. These plants have a combined capacity of 354 megawatts (MW) which made them the largest solar power installation in the world, until Ivanpah Solar Power Facility was finished in 2014.

text: There are several solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which supply power to the

text: electricity grid

text: Insolation

text: (solar radiation) in the

text: Mojave Desert

text: is among the best available in the United States, and some significant population centers are located in the area. These plants can generally be built in a few years because solar plants are built almost entirely with modular, readily available materials.

text: Solar Energy Generating Systems

text: (SEGS) is the name given to nine

text: solar power plants

text: in the

text: Mojave Desert

text: which were built in the 1980s, the first commercial solar plant. These plants have a combined capacity of 354

text: megawatts

text: (MW) which made them the largest

text: solar power

text: installation in the world, until

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: was finished in 2014.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Insolation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be built in a few years

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: capacity of 354 megawatts (MW)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: (solar radiation)

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Insolation (solar radiation) in the Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar plants are built almost entirely with modular, readily available materials.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Mojave Desert is among the best available in the United States,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar Energy Generating Systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: (solar radiation)

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: (solar radiation)

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: some significant population centers are located in the area.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power plants

text: Glaser's areas of professional activity have included solar and arc imaging furnaces, high temperature research, solar power satellites, solar heating and cooling, photovoltaic conversion, rural electrification systems using renewable resources, lunar surface missions, commercial space power, remote sensing, extra-vehicular activity on the Moon, launch site selection, space station habitation module appliances, advanced space transportation devices, space-based sensor systems to identify carbon dioxide-induced climate changes, space station portable contamination detectors, spacesuit gloves and boot soles, extravehicular dust protection, power relay satellites, and high-altitude long-endurance aircraft using wireless power transmission.

text: Glaser's areas of professional activity have included

text: solar

text: and arc imaging furnaces, high temperature research,

text: solar power

text: satellites,

text: solar heating

text: and

text: cooling

text: photovoltaic conversion

text: rural electrification

text: systems using

text: renewable resources

text: lunar surface missions

text: , commercial

text: space power

text: remote sensing

text: extra-vehicular activity

text: on the Moon,

text: launch site

text: selection,

text: space station

text: habitation module

text: appliance

text: s, advanced

text: space transport

text: ation devices, space-based

text: sensor

text: systems to identify

text: carbon dioxide

text: -induced

text: climate change

text: s, space station portable

text: contamination

text: detector

text: s,

text: spacesuit

text: gloves and boot soles, extravehicular dust protection, power relay satellites, and

text: high-altitude

text: long-endurance

text: aircraft

text: using

text: wireless power transmission

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic conversion

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power satellites

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable resources

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: carbon dioxide-induced climate changes

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewable resources,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power satellites,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable resources,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power satellites,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: power relay satellites,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar heating and cooling,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar heating and cooling,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: carbon dioxide-induced climate changes,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power satellites,

text: The energy of Sun comes from the nuclear fusion in its core where a helium atom and an electron neutrino are generated by 4 protons. These neutrinos emitted from this reaction are called solar neutrinos. Photons, created by the nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun, take millions of years to reach the surface; on the other hand, solar neutrinos arrive at the earth in eight minutes due to their lack of interactions with matter. Hence, solar neutrinos make it possible for us to observe the inner Sun in "real-time" that takes millions of years for visible light.

text: The energy of Sun comes from the nuclear fusion in its core where a helium atom and an electron neutrino are generated by 4 protons. These neutrinos emitted from this reaction are called solar neutrinos. Photons, created by the nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun, take millions of years to reach the surface; on the other hand, solar neutrinos arrive at the earth in eight minutes due to their lack of interactions with matter. Hence, solar neutrinos make it possible for us to observe the inner Sun in "real-time" that takes millions of years for visible light.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear fusion

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: neutrinos

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar neutrino

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar neutrinos arrive at the earth in eight minutes due to their lack of interactions with matter

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear fusion in its core

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: nuclear fusion in its core

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: lack of interactions with matter.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar neutrinos

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar neutrinos.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: take millions of years to reach the surface;

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar neutrinos.

text: Solar power in Israel refers to the use of solar energy in Israel, which began in the early days of the state.  In the 1950s, Levi Yissar developed a solar water heater to address the  energy shortages that plagued the  new country.  By 1967 around one in twenty households heated its water with the sun and 50,000 solar heaters had been sold.  With the 1970s oil crisis, Harry Zvi Tabor, the father of Israel's solar industry, developed the prototype of the solar water heater now used in over 90% of Israeli homes.    Israeli engineers have been at the cutting edge of solar energy technology and its solar companies work on projects around the world. However, even though Israeli engineers have been involved in both photovoltaic and concentrated solar power, the earliest Israeli companies which have become market leaders in their respective fields have all been involved in concentrated solar power. Some notable examples of this are BrightSource, Solel and Brenmiller Energy which all deal with utility scale projects. Additionally, Herzliya based SolarEdge has become a market leader in inverters for non-utility scale photovoltaic solar power.

text: Solar power in Israel refers to the use of

text: solar energy

text: in

text: Israel

text: , which began in the early days of the state.  In the 1950s,

text: Levi Yissar

text: developed a solar water heater to address the  energy shortages that plagued the  new country.  By 1967 around one in twenty

text: household

text: s heated its water with the sun and 50,000 solar heaters had been sold.  With the

text: 1970s oil crisis

text: Harry Zvi Tabor

text: , the father of Israel's solar industry, developed the prototype of the solar water heater now used in over 90% of Israeli homes.    Israeli engineers have been at the cutting edge of solar energy technology and its solar companies work on projects around the world. However, even though Israeli engineers have been involved in both photovoltaic and concentrated solar power, the earliest Israeli companies which have become market leaders in their respective fields have all been involved in concentrated solar power. Some notable examples of this are BrightSource, Solel and Brenmiller Energy which all deal with utility scale projects. Additionally, Herzliya based SolarEdge has become a market leader in inverters for non-utility scale photovoltaic solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Israel

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: inverters

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: utility scale projects

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in Israel

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy shortages

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power in Israel

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heated its water

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: energy shortages

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar water heater

text: Orlando Utilities Commission

text: (OUC) has a solar farm that began producing power in October 2013. The municipal utility, which has approximately 55 percent of its 230,000 electric customers living in multi-family housing, sought a unique solution for those wanting to use solar power, but unable to modify the homes they rent or lease. This project also allows those customers the ability to buy into solar without all of the upfront costs. Subscribing customers volunteered to pay a higher rate on their power bill, but they were also able to lock in that rate for the estimated life of the project – 25 years. Today, 1,312 solar panels are generating up to 400 kilowatts (kW) of electricity at OUC's Gardenia Operations facility next to Interstate 4. The panels are on three canopies, which have created 151 covered LED-lit parking spaces over about 2.5 acres. A total of 39 customers have subscribed to the project. Each kW of the array’s 400 kW was sold in blocks, with a limit of 15 blocks per customer. Each block represents 112 kilowatt hours (kWh) on a customer's monthly bill, so the maximum benefit per customer is 1,680 kWh. The average OUC residential customer uses around 1,200 kWh. Any unused power is credited on the account for the next month.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Orlando

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not require any modification

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: vaporization

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Each kW of the array’s 400 kW was sold in blocks, with a limit of 15 blocks per customer

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC) has a solar farm

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: without all of the upfront costs.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Orlando

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a limit of 15 blocks per customer.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 151 covered LED-lit parking spaces

text: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies, from the usual enterprise information searches to the direct business benefits of taxonomies benefiting quicker and more accurate searches for the merchandise or the services of e-commerce or e-library sites. Such organisations may need to build large and complex vocabularies and deal with information assets that are largely in the public domain. Consequently, they are looking to shortcut their metadata schema development and avoid reinventing the wheel. Such shortcuts include the licensing of ready-built taxonomies and vocabularies with which to enhance their search results quickly.

text: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies, from the usual enterprise information searches to the direct business benefits of taxonomies benefiting quicker and more accurate searches for the merchandise or the services of e-commerce or e-library sites. Such organisations may need to build large and complex vocabularies and deal with information assets that are largely in the public domain. Consequently, they are looking to shortcut their metadata schema development and avoid reinventing the wheel. Such shortcuts include the licensing of ready-built taxonomies and vocabularies with which to enhance their search results quickly.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: e-commerce

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: quicker and more accurate

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lack of control over the amount of sunlight

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: e-commerce or e-library sites.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: quicker and more accurate searches

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: licensing of ready-built taxonomies and vocabularies

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Enterprises have varying interest in the usage of taxonomies,

text: Daggett was also home to a unique solar thermal energy plant named Solar One, a pilot project which was operational from 1982 to 1986. The plant used mirror-like heliostats to aim sunlight at a collecting sphere located on a solar power tower (a type of solar furnace), through which oil flowed. The large quantity of sunlight reflected on the sphere superheated the oil, which was then used to create steam for power generation. The plant was upgraded in 1995 as part of the Solar Two project. Solar Two substituted molten salt compounds instead of oil as an energy storage medium.

text: Daggett was also home to a unique

text: solar thermal energy

text: plant named

text: Solar One

text: , a

text: pilot project

text: which was operational from 1982 to 1986. The plant used mirror-like

text: heliostat

text: s to aim sunlight at a collecting sphere located on a

text: solar power tower

text: (a type of

text: solar furnace

text: ), through which oil flowed. The large quantity of sunlight reflected on the sphere superheated the oil, which was then used to create steam for power generation. The plant was upgraded in 1995 as part of the

text: Solar Two

text: project. Solar Two substituted molten salt compounds instead of oil as an energy storage medium.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar One

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy storage medium

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: superheating

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: energy storage medium

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: oil flowed.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal energy plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The large quantity of sunlight

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar One,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirror-like heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: superheated the oil, which was then used to create steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: oil flowed.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar One,

text: Solar power, the production of electricity from solar energy, is performed either directly, through photovoltaics, or indirectly, using concentrated solar power (CSP). One advantage that CSP has is the ability to add thermal storage and provide power up to 24 hours a day. Gemasolar, in Spain, was the first to provide 24-hour power. There is considerable academic and commercial interest internationally in a new form of CSP, called STEM, for off-grid applications to produce 24-hour industrial scale power for mining sites and remote communities in Italy, other parts of Europe, Australia, Asia, North Africa and Latin America. STEM uses fluidized silica sand as a thermal storage and heat transfer medium for CSP systems. It has been developed by Salerno-based Magaldi Industries. The first commercial application of STEM will take place in Sicily from 2015.

text: Solar power

text: , the production of electricity from solar energy, is performed either directly, through photovoltaics, or indirectly, using

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP). One advantage that CSP has is the ability to add thermal storage and provide power up to 24 hours a day.

text: Gemasolar

text: , in Spain, was the first to provide 24-hour power. There is considerable academic and commercial interest internationally in a new form of CSP, called STEM, for off-grid applications to produce 24-hour industrial scale power for mining sites and remote communities in Italy, other parts of Europe, Australia, Asia, North Africa and Latin America. STEM uses fluidized silica sand as a thermal storage and heat transfer medium for CSP systems. It has been developed by Salerno-based Magaldi Industries. The first commercial application of STEM will take place in Sicily from 2015.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: provide power up to 24 hours a day

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat transfer

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: ability to add thermal storage and provide power up to 24 hours a day.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: STEM uses fluidized silica sand

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 24 hours a day.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power,

text: Solar power is a widely known and used renewable energy source. An increase in technology has allowed solar power to be used in a wide variety of applications. Two types of solar panels generate heat into electricity. Thermal solar panels reduce or eliminate the consumption of gas and diesel, and reduce CO₂ emissions. Photovoltaic panels convert solar radiation into an electric current which can power any appliance. However, this is a more complex technology and is generally more expensive to manufacture than thermal panels.

text: Solar power

text: is a widely known and used renewable energy source. An increase in technology has allowed solar power to be used in a wide variety of applications. Two types of solar panels generate heat into electricity. Thermal solar panels reduce or eliminate the consumption of gas and diesel, and reduce CO₂ emissions. Photovoltaic panels convert solar radiation into an electric current which can power any appliance. However, this is a more complex technology and is generally more expensive to manufacture than thermal panels.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduces CO2 emissions

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Photovoltaic panels convert solar radiation into an electric current which can power any appliance

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power is a widely known and used renewable energy source.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduce or eliminate the consumption of gas and diesel, and reduce CO2 emissions.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Photovoltaic panels convert solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: more expensive to manufacture than thermal panels.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Thermal solar panels reduce or eliminate the consumption of gas and diesel,

text: Solar power is a candidate for power for a Martian colony. Solar insolation (the amount of solar radiation that reaches Mars) is about 42% of that on Earth, since Mars is about 52% farther from the Sun and insolation falls off as the square of distance. But the thin atmosphere would allow almost all of that energy to reach the surface as compared to Earth, where the atmosphere absorbs roughly a quarter of the solar radiation. Sunlight on the surface of Mars would be much like a moderately cloudy day on Earth.

text: Solar power

text: is a candidate for power for a Martian colony.

text: Solar insolation

text: (the amount of solar radiation that reaches Mars) is about 42% of that on Earth, since Mars is about 52% farther from the Sun and insolation

text: falls off as the square of distance

text: . But the thin atmosphere would allow almost all of that energy to reach the surface as compared to Earth, where the atmosphere absorbs roughly a quarter of the solar radiation. Sunlight on the surface of Mars would be much like a moderately cloudy day on Earth.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: insolation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: would allow almost all of that energy to reach

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the atmosphere absorbs roughly a quarter of the solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar insolation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: the thin atmosphere would allow almost all of that energy to reach the surface

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power is a candidate for power for a Martian colony.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar insolation

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: the atmosphere absorbs roughly a quarter of the solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the thin atmosphere would allow almost all of that energy to reach the surface

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: There are a large number of BEAM robots designed to use solar power from small solar arrays to power a "Solar Engine" which creates autonomous robots capable of operating under a wide range of lighting conditions. Besides the simple computational layer of Tilden's "Nervous Networks", BEAM has brought a multitude of useful tools to the roboticist's toolbox. The "Solar Engine" circuit, many H-bridge circuits for small motor control, tactile sensor designs, and meso-scale (palm-sized) robot construction techniques have been documented and shared by the BEAM community.

text: There are a large number of BEAM robots designed to use solar power from small

text: solar array

text: s to power a "

text: Solar Engine

text: " which creates autonomous robots capable of operating under a wide range of lighting conditions. Besides the simple computational layer of Tilden's "

text: Nervous Network

text: s", BEAM has brought a multitude of useful tools to the roboticist's toolbox. The "Solar Engine" circuit, many

text: H-bridge

text: circuits for small motor control,

text: tactile sensor

text: designs, and meso-scale (palm-sized) robot construction techniques have been documented and shared by the BEAM community.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power from small solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a wide range of lighting conditions

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: BEAM robots designed to use solar power from small solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: operating under a wide range of lighting conditions.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: small solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: tactile sensor

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a wide range of lighting conditions.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: BEAM robots designed to use solar power from small solar arrays

text: Fusion power could be used in interstellar space, where solar energy is not available.

text: Fusion power could be used in

text: interstellar space

text: , where solar energy is not available.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: fusion

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no way

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lack of sunlight

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy is not available.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Fusion power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Fusion power could be used in interstellar space,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Fusion power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Fusion power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Fusion power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Fusion power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Fusion

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: interstellar space, where solar energy is not available.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Fusion power

text: Solar power in the United States includes utility-scale solar power plants as well as local distributed generation, mostly from rooftop photovoltaics. As of the end of 2015, the U.S. has 25 gigawatts (GW) of installed photovoltaic capacity with an additional 1.8 GW of concentrated solar power. In the twelve months through September 2016, utility scale solar power generated 33.3 terawatt-hours (TWh), 0.82% of total U.S. electricity. During the same time period total solar generation, including estimated distributed solar photovoltaic generation, was 51.7 TWh, 1.27 % of total U.S. electricity. In terms of total installed capacity, by year end 2015 the USA ranked 4th in the world behind 1.China 2.Germany 3.Japan and ahead of 5.Italy and 6.UK. In 2015, 30% of all new electricity generation capacity in the country came from solar. By 2015, solar employment had overtaken oil and gas as well as coal employment in the U.S.

text: Solar power in the United States includes utility-scale

text: solar power plant

text: s as well as local

text: distributed generation

text: , mostly from rooftop

text: photovoltaics

text: . As of the end of 2015, the U.S. has 25

text: gigawatt

text: s (GW) of installed photovoltaic capacity with an additional 1.8 GW of

text: concentrated solar power

text: . In the twelve months through September 2016, utility scale solar power generated 33.3

text: terawatt-hour

text: s (TWh), 0.82% of total U.S. electricity. During the same time period total solar generation, including estimated distributed solar photovoltaic generation, was 51.7 TWh, 1.27 % of total U.S. electricity. In terms of total installed capacity, by year end 2015 the USA ranked 4th in the world behind 1.

text: China

text: Germany

text: Japan

text: and ahead of 5.

text: Italy

text: and 6.

text: UK

text: . In 2015, 30% of all new electricity generation capacity in the country came from solar. By 2015, solar employment had overtaken oil and gas as well as coal employment in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the United States

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar employment had overtaken

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 0.82% of total U.S. electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: oil and gas as well as coal employment in the U.S.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in the United States

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar employment had overtaken oil and gas as well as coal employment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power in the United States

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: rooftop photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 0.82% of total U.S. electricity.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: oil and gas as well as coal employment in the U.S.

text: Many of the artist's more recent works have featured renewable energy sources intended to power the works and interact with the gallery space. 1994's Perpetual Motion featured a video monitor powered by a wind turbine, with the wind being supplied by a fan plugged into the gallery's power. Mothlight (1998) and Mothlight II (2001) featured solar-powered video screens powered by halogen lights. His 2002 installation 2002, For William Henry Fox Talbot (The Pencil of Nature) consisted of a solar-powered video camera at Lacock Abbey, reproducing a live image of William Henry Fox Talbot's 1835 photograph of a latticed window at the abbey (the world's oldest surviving photograph), then transmitted to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. 2004's Interwoven Motion was an outdoor video installation in Grizedale Forest, Cumbria, made up of a wind- and solar-powered camera and screen, it produced video images displayed on a weatherproof LCD display. 2005's Resurrection featured a series of solar panels mounted on a dead tree, powering a video display of the tree in its living form. And his 2011 installation Sunbeam used solar panels to power the projection of images of the sun from NASA’ s Solar Dynamics Observatory.

text: Many of the artist's more recent works have featured renewable energy sources intended to power the works and interact with the gallery space. 1994's Perpetual Motion featured a video monitor powered by a wind turbine, with the wind being supplied by a fan plugged into the gallery's power. Mothlight (1998) and Mothlight II (2001) featured solar-powered video screens powered by halogen lights. His 2002 installation 2002, For William Henry Fox Talbot (The Pencil of Nature) consisted of a solar-powered video camera at

text: Lacock Abbey

text: , reproducing a live image of

text: William Henry Fox Talbot's

text: 1835 photograph of a latticed window at the abbey (the world's oldest surviving photograph), then transmitted to the

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

text: in London. 2004's Interwoven Motion was an outdoor video installation in

text: Grizedale Forest

text: Cumbria

text: , made up of a wind- and solar-powered camera and screen, it produced video images displayed on a weatherproof LCD display. 2005's Resurrection featured a series of solar panels mounted on a dead tree, powering a video display of the tree in its living form. And his 2011 installation Sunbeam used solar panels to power the projection of images of the sun from NASA’ s Solar Dynamics Observatory.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Sunbeam

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Sunbeam

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: weatherproof LCD display

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: halogen lights.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Sunbeam

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Sunbeam

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy sources intended to power the works and interact with the gallery space.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Many of the artist's more recent works have featured renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: halogen lights.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: a fan

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: halogen lights.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: renewable energy sources

text: By the late 1970s, just five years after testing the first low temperature solar thermal collectors, Northrup Energy had become the preeminent developer of solar thermal technology. This attracted the attention of investors, and suitors, including the Atlantic Richfield Company, “ARCO”. ARCO's Chairman, Robert O Anderson was personally interested in solar technology and visited the Northrup Energy facility. Northrup, Inc. merged with Atlantic Richfield, and ARCO Ventures changed its name to ARCO Solar. The Northrup Energy team under Floyd Blake and Jerry Anderson went on to design and build some of the first commercial solar power tower installations, notably "Solar One" near Barstow, California.  The heat from another project was used to generate steam for tertiary oil recovery in Kern County, California and for electric power generation. Some heliostats were built to directly track the sun with arrays of photovoltaic cells to generate power for the utility grid, near Hesperia, California.  The seven million watt installation near Barstow was later dismantled and shipped to Europe's first commercial solar thermal power station. This unit was the largest solar electric power generation facility in the world. Northrup and Blake were then featured in a documentary on solar energy, Harnessing the Sun, narrated by actress Joan Hackett.

text: By the late 1970s, just five years after testing the first low temperature solar thermal collectors, Northrup Energy had become the preeminent developer of solar thermal technology. This attracted the attention of investors, and suitors, including the Atlantic Richfield Company, “ARCO”. ARCO's Chairman,

text: Robert O Anderson

text: was personally interested in solar technology and visited the Northrup Energy facility. Northrup, Inc. merged with Atlantic Richfield, and ARCO Ventures changed its name to ARCO Solar. The Northrup Energy team under Floyd Blake and Jerry Anderson went on to design and build some of the first commercial solar power tower installations, notably

text: "Solar One"

text: near Barstow, California.  The heat from another project was used to generate steam for tertiary oil recovery in Kern County, California and for electric power generation. Some heliostats were built to directly track the sun with arrays of photovoltaic cells to generate power for the utility grid, near Hesperia, California.  The seven million watt installation near Barstow was later dismantled and shipped to

text: Europe's first commercial solar thermal power station

text: . This unit was the largest solar electric power generation facility in the world. Northrup and Blake were then featured in a documentary on solar energy, Harnessing the Sun, narrated by actress

text: Joan Hackett

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal technology

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: oil recovery in Kern County, California and for electric power generation.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: utility grid, near Hesperia, California.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: power for the utility grid,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low temperature solar thermal collectors,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar thermal technology.

text: While the cost of constructing established nuclear power reactor designs has followed an increasing trend due to regulations and court cases whereas the levelized cost of electricity is declining for wind power. In about 2011, wind power became as inexpensive as natural gas, and anti-nuclear groups have suggested that in 2010 solar power became cheaper than nuclear power. Data from the EIA in 2011 estimated that in 2016, solar will have a levelized cost of electricity almost twice that of nuclear (21¢/kWh for solar, 11.39¢/kWh for nuclear), and wind somewhat less (9.7¢/kWh). However, the US EIA has also cautioned that levelized costs of intermittent sources such as wind and solar are not directly comparable to costs of "dispatchable" sources (those that can be adjusted to meet demand), as intermittent sources need costly large-scale back-up power supplies for when the weather changes.

text: While the

text: cost of constructing established nuclear power

text: reactor designs has followed an increasing trend due to

text: regulation

text: s and

text: court cases

text: whereas the

text: levelized cost of electricity

text: is declining for wind power. In about 2011, wind power became as inexpensive as natural gas, and anti-nuclear groups have suggested that in 2010 solar power became cheaper than nuclear power. Data from the

text: EIA

text: in 2011 estimated that in 2016, solar will have a levelized cost of electricity almost twice that of nuclear (21¢/kWh for solar, 11.39¢/kWh for nuclear), and wind somewhat less (9.7¢/kWh). However, the US

text: EIA

text: has also cautioned that levelized costs of intermittent sources such as wind and solar are not directly comparable to costs of "dispatchable" sources (those that can be adjusted to meet demand), as intermittent sources need costly large-scale back-up power supplies for when the weather changes.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: nuclear power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: in 2010 solar power became cheaper than nuclear power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittent sources need costly large-scale back-up power supplies

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power became cheaper than nuclear power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: /kWh

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power became cheaper than nuclear power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper than nuclear power.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power became cheaper than nuclear power.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: nuclear power reactor designs has followed an increasing trend due to regulations and court cases

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: wind power became as inexpensive as natural gas,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: costly large-scale back-up power supplies for when the weather changes.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power became cheaper than nuclear power.

text: Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, concentrated solar power (CSP), concentrator photovoltaics (CPV), solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Active solar technologies encompass solar thermal energy, using solar collectors for heating, and solar power, converting sunlight into electricity either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

text: Solar energy

text: , radiant

text: light

text: and

text: heat

text: from the

text: sun

text: , is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as

text: solar heating

text: photovoltaics

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP),

text: concentrator photovoltaics

text: (CPV),

text: solar architecture

text: and

text: artificial photosynthesis

text: . Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either

text: passive solar

text: or

text: active solar

text: depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable

text: thermal mass

text: or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that

text: naturally circulate air

text: . Active solar technologies encompass

text: solar thermal energy

text: , using

text: solar collectors

text: for heating, and

text: solar power

text: , converting

text: sunlight

text: into

text: electricity

text: either directly using

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV), or indirectly using

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: converting sunlight into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiant light and heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: converting sunlight into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photosynthesis.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar heating, photovoltaics,

text: Both Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), have heavily funded solar research programs. British Petroleum was also heavily invested in solar research programs until 2008 when the company began scaling back its solar operations. The company finally shut down its forty-year-old solar business after executives decided solar power production is not economically competitive.  The NREL solar program has a budget of around $75 million and develops research projects in the areas of photovoltaic (PV) technology, solar thermal energy, and solar radiation.  The budget for Sandia’s solar division is unknown, however it accounts for a significant percentage of the laboratory’s $2.4 billion budget. Several academic programs have focused on solar research in recent years. The Solar Energy Research Center (SERC) at University of North Carolina (UNC) has the sole purpose of developing cost effective solar technology.  In 2008, researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) developed a method to store solar energy by using it to produce hydrogen fuel from water.  Such research is targeted at addressing the obstacle that solar development faces of storing energy for use during nighttime hours when the sun is not shining. In February 2012, North Carolina-based Semprius Inc., a solar development company backed by German corporation Siemens, announced that they had developed the world’s most efficient solar panel. The company claims that the prototype converts 33.9% of the sunlight that hits it to electricity, more than double the previous high-end conversion rate.

text: Both

text: Sandia National Laboratories

text: and the

text: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

text: (NREL), have heavily funded solar research programs.

text: British Petroleum

text: was also heavily invested in solar research programs until 2008 when the company began scaling back its solar operations. The company finally shut down its forty-year-old solar business after executives decided solar power production is not economically competitive.  The NREL solar program has a budget of around $75 million and develops research projects in the areas of

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV) technology, solar thermal energy, and solar radiation.  The budget for Sandia’s solar division is unknown, however it accounts for a significant percentage of the laboratory’s $2.4 billion budget. Several academic programs have focused on solar research in recent years. The Solar Energy Research Center (SERC) at

text: University of North Carolina

text: (UNC) has the sole purpose of developing cost effective solar technology.  In 2008, researchers at

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: (MIT) developed a method to store solar energy by using it to produce hydrogen fuel from water.  Such research is targeted at addressing the obstacle that solar development faces of storing energy for use during nighttime hours when the sun is not shining. In February 2012, North Carolina-based Semprius Inc., a solar development company backed by German corporation

text: Siemens

text: , announced that they had developed the world’s most efficient solar panel. The company claims that the prototype converts 33.9% of the sunlight that hits it to electricity, more than double the previous high-end conversion rate.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is not economically competitive

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: storing energy for use during nighttime hours

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power production is not economically competitive.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the sun is not shining.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: economically competitive.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: North Carolina

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: storing energy for use during nighttime hours when the sun is not shining.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: storing energy for use during nighttime hours when the sun is not shining.

text: Solar power is more predictable than wind power and less variable – while there is never any solar power available during the night, and there is a reduction in winter, the only unknown factors in predicting solar output each day is cloud cover, frost and snow. Many days in a row in some locations are relatively cloud free, just as many days in a row in either the same or other locations are overcast – leading to relatively high predictability. Wind comes from the uneven heating of the earth's surface, and can provide about 1% of the potential energy that is available from solar power. 86,000 TW of solar energy reaches the surface of the world vs. 870 TW in all of the world's winds. Total world demand is roughly 12 TW, many times less than the amount that could be generated from potential wind and solar resources. From 40 to 85 TW could be provided from wind and about 580 TW from solar.

text: Solar power is more predictable than wind power and less variable – while there is never any solar power available during the night, and there is a reduction in winter, the only unknown factors in predicting solar output each day is cloud cover, frost and snow. Many days in a row in some locations are relatively cloud free, just as many days in a row in either the same or other locations are overcast – leading to relatively high predictability. Wind comes from the uneven heating of the earth's surface, and can provide about 1% of the potential energy that is available from solar power. 86,000 TW of solar energy reaches the surface of the world vs. 870 TW in all of the world's winds. Total world demand is roughly 12 TW, many times less than the amount that could be generated from potential wind and solar resources. From 40 to 85 TW could be provided from wind and about 580 TW from solar.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more predictable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cloud cover, frost and snow

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more predictable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power is more predictable than wind power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar power is more predictable than wind power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Wind

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: there is never any solar power available during the night,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power is more predictable than wind power

text: Schumann resonance -sector boundary -selective fading -Shadow loss -shortwave relay station -side lobe -Signal-to-Interference Ratio -single event upset (SEU) -Single Vegetative Obstruction Model -SINPO code-skip (radio) -skip zone -sky wave -skywave -Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) -Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) -Software-defined radio -solar activity -solar constant -solar cycle -solar flare -solar flux -solar flux unit -solar maximum -solar minimum -solar radiation storm level -solar rotation rate -solar transition region -solar wind -solstice -Solar Observing Optical Network (SOON) -South Atlantic anomaly -Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment -Space weather -spicule (solar physics) -SPLAT!-Sporadic E propagation -spray (solar physics) -Spread spectrum -stratosphere -substorm -sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) -sunspot -sunspot cycle -sunspot number -super high frequency (SHF) -supergranulation -Surface wave -Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) -synodic -synoptic chart -

text: Schumann resonance

text: sector boundary

text: selective fading

text: Shadow loss

text: shortwave relay station

text: side lobe

text: Signal-to-Interference Ratio

text: single event upset

text: (SEU) -

text: Single Vegetative Obstruction Model

text: SINPO code

text: skip (radio)

text: skip zone

text: sky wave

text: skywave

text: Solar Maximum Mission

text: (SMM) -

text: Synchronous Meteorological Satellite

text: (SMS) -

text: Software-defined radio

text: solar activity

text: solar constant

text: solar cycle

text: solar flare

text: solar flux

text: solar flux unit

text: solar maximum

text: solar minimum

text: solar radiation storm level

text: solar rotation rate

text: solar transition region

text: solar wind

text: solstice

text: Solar Observing Optical Network

text: (SOON) -

text: South Atlantic anomaly

entity_name: Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment

text: Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment

text: Space weather

text: spicule (solar physics)

text: SPLAT!

text: Sporadic E propagation

text: spray (solar physics)

text: Spread spectrum

text: stratosphere

text: substorm

text: sudden ionospheric disturbance

text: (SID) -

text: sunspot

text: sunspot cycle

text: sunspot number

text: super high frequency

text: (SHF) -

text: supergranulation

text: Surface wave

text: Solar X-ray Imager

text: (SXI) -

text: synodic

text: synoptic chart

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar physics

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: -SPLAT!-Sporadic E propagation

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: -sky wave

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: -solar activity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: -Space weather

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: -sunspot

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: -sunspot

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: -sunspot

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: -supergranulation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: -Shadow loss

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: -Solar X-ray Imager (SXI)

text: Louis Palmer was raised in Luzern, Switzerland. Since he was a little child, his dream was to show the benefit of renewable energy sources and solar cars to the world. After finishing school, he became a schoolteacher. After several trips to foreign countries, he discovered his vision and took his first steps into Solar Energy. In 2007 and 2008, he was the first to circumnavigate the globe on solar power.

text: Louis Palmer was raised in

text: Luzern

text: , Switzerland. Since he was a little child, his dream was to show the benefit of

text: renewable energy

text: sources and solar cars to the world. After finishing school, he became a schoolteacher. After several trips to foreign countries, he discovered his vision and took his first steps into

text: Solar Energy

text: . In 2007 and 2008, he was the first to circumnavigate the globe on solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable energy sources and solar cars

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar cars

text: Rules and limitations can make it harder to benefit from the ranking algorithm of the targeted search engine. The January 2006 Redscowl Bluesingsky contest issued by seologs.com was open for domains created after the start of the competition only. This meant that the contestants could not benefit from the ranking advantage old web sites have over new ones. Also, it was expected that the Redscowl Bluesingsky game would be won by a domain made up entirely of the search words, such as "redscowl-bluesingsky.com", which would attract natural links and be likely to benefit from the simplicity of the URL.

text: Rules and limitations can make it harder to benefit from the ranking

text: algorithm

text: of the targeted search engine. The January 2006 Redscowl Bluesingsky contest issued by seologs.com was open for domains created after the start of the competition only. This meant that the contestants could not benefit from the ranking advantage old web sites have over new ones. Also, it was expected that the Redscowl Bluesingsky game would be won by a domain made up entirely of the search words, such as "redscowl-bluesingsky.com", which would attract natural links and be likely to benefit from the simplicity of the

text: URL

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits from the simplicity of the URL

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the ranking advantage old web sites have over new ones

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: search engine.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: natural links

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Redscowl Bluesingsky

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: simplicity of the URL.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Rules and limitations can make it harder to benefit from the ranking algorithm

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Rules and limitations can make it harder to benefit from the ranking algorithm

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Rules and limitations can make it harder to benefit from the ranking algorithm

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: links

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Rules and limitations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Rules and limitations can make it harder to benefit from the ranking algorithm

text: The use of solar energy in rural areas across sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the years. With many communities lacking access to basic necessities such as electricity, clean water, and effective irrigation systems; the innovations in solar powered technologies have led to poverty alleviation projects that combine development strategies and environmental consciousness. Another use for solar energy that has gained momentum in rural African households (as well as some urban areas) is that of solar cooking. Historically, the high dependency on wood collection from depleting sources have resulted in serious environmental degradation and has been considered an extremely unsustainable practice when compared to the renewable attribute of solar powered cooking. There have also been recent links made between solar energy and increased food security in the region. African development projects, mostly in rural areas seem to be recognizing the real potential of renewable energy sources especially power derived from the sun.

text: The use of solar energy in rural areas across sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the years. With many communities lacking access to basic necessities such as

text: electricity

text: clean water

text: , and effective

text: irrigation

text: systems; the innovations in solar powered technologies have led to poverty alleviation projects that combine development strategies and environmental consciousness. Another use for

text: solar energy

text: that has gained momentum in rural African households (as well as some urban areas) is that of

text: solar cooking

text: . Historically, the high dependency on wood collection from depleting sources have resulted in serious environmental degradation and has been considered an extremely unsustainable practice when compared to the renewable attribute of solar powered cooking. There have also been recent links made between solar energy and increased

text: food security

text: in the region. African development projects, mostly in rural areas seem to be recognizing the real potential of

text: renewable energy

text: sources especially power derived from the sun.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: African development projects

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: wood collection from depleting sources

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: the sun.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: rural areas across sub-Saharan Africa

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: sun.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: irrigation systems;

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high dependency on wood collection from depleting sources

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: power derived from the sun.

text: A solar turbine power plant uses the energy in solar radiation captured by so-called solar collectors. Solar power is a renewable source of energy. The solar radiant energy reaching the earth's surface is around 1.783*10 KJ or 1.353kJ/s per square meter. Solar power plants, such as the Blythe Solar Power Project, operate mainly on closed power cycles: Rankine cycles (for low temperature ranges) and Brayton cycles (for high temperature ranges). Solar plants provide energy ranging from a few kilowatts to a few megawatts. The constraints associated with solar plants are size, space, high capital cost, and the inevitable fluctuations in the daily supply of solar radiant energy.

text: A solar turbine power plant uses the energy in solar radiation captured by so-called

text: solar collector

text: s. Solar power is a renewable source of energy. The solar radiant energy reaching the earth's surface is around 1.783*10 KJ or 1.353kJ/s per square meter. Solar power plants, such as the

text: Blythe Solar Power Project

text: , operate mainly on closed power cycles:

text: Rankine cycle

text: s (for low temperature ranges) and

text: Brayton cycle

text: s (for high temperature ranges). Solar plants provide energy ranging from a few kilowatts to a few megawatts. The constraints associated with solar plants are size, space, high capital cost, and the inevitable fluctuations in the daily supply of solar radiant energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiant energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Rankine cycle

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: size, space, high capital cost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power is a renewable source of energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiant

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable source of energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar collectors.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar collectors.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar collectors.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: size, space, high capital cost,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power is a renewable source of energy.

text: On 8 July 2010, Payerne Air Base was the location from which the long-range experimental solar-powered aircraft Solar Impulse 1 achieved the world's first manned 26-hour solar-powered flight. Payerne also became the home base for the successor Solar Impulse 2 (HB-SIB) aircraft, with the aircraft's first flight made from Payerne on 2 June 2014.

text: On 8 July 2010, Payerne Air Base was the location from which the long-range

text: experimental

text: solar-powered aircraft

text: Solar Impulse 1

text: achieved the world's first manned 26-hour solar-powered flight. Payerne also became the home base for the successor

text: Solar Impulse 2

text: (HB-SIB) aircraft, with the aircraft's first flight made from Payerne on 2 June 2014.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Impulse

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: long-range

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 26-hour solar-powered flight.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Payerne Air Base

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-powered

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-powered aircraft

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 26-hour solar-powered flight.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar-powered aircraft

text: Redstone Solar Thermal Power (RSTP) is a planned solar power tower solar thermal power plant, located in Postmasburg, near Kimberley, in the Northern Cape Region of South Africa.  Redstone Solar Thermal Power is 100 megawatts (MW), and will be the first solar tower plant with molten salt energy storage in Africa.  The project is based on the technology used in Solar Reserve's Crescent Dunes project in the US

text: Redstone Solar Thermal Power (RSTP) is a planned

text: solar power tower

text: solar thermal

text: power plant, located in

text: Postmasburg

text: , near

text: Kimberley

text: , in the

text: Northern Cape

text: Region of

text: South Africa

text: .  Redstone Solar Thermal Power is 100

text: megawatt

text: s (MW), and will be the first solar tower plant with molten salt energy storage in Africa.  The project is based on the technology used in

text: Solar Reserve's

text: Crescent Dunes

text: project in the US

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Postmasburg

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar towers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power tower solar thermal power plant,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: South Africa.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: molten salt energy storage

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: US

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: tower

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: molten salt energy storage

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Redstone Solar Thermal Power

text: Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. As of 2013, 19% of global final energy consumption comes from renewable resources, with 9% of all energy from traditional biomass, mainly used for heating, 4% from hydroelectricity 1% from biofuels and 4% from biomass, geothermal or solar heat . Popular renewables (wind, solar, geothermal and biomass for power) accounted for another 1.3% and are growing rapidly.

text: Renewable energy is

text: energy

text: that comes from resources which are naturally replenished such as

text: sunlight

text: wind

text: rain

text: tides

text: waves

text: , and

text: geothermal heat

text: . As of 2013, 19% of global final energy consumption comes from

text: renewable resource

text: s, with 9% of all energy from traditional

text: biomass

text: , mainly used for

text: heating

text: , 4% from

text: hydroelectricity

text: 1% from biofuels and 4% from biomass, geothermal or solar heat . Popular renewables (wind, solar, geothermal and biomass for power) accounted for another 1.3% and are growing rapidly.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: naturally replenished

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal heat

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 4% from hydroelectricity

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heat.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: naturally replenished

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal heat.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: naturally replenished

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Renewable energy

text: Solar power in Florida has been increasing, as the cost of solar power systems using photovoltaics (PV) has decreased in recent years. In 2008, Florida adopted a net metering rule that allows any electric utility customer generating up to 2 MW (2,000 kW) of power to use net metering, which provides a retail rate credit for kilowatt-hours of electricity delivered to the utility, rolled over from month to month, and paid out in cash by the utility once a year at the avoided cost rate.

text: Solar power in Florida has been increasing, as the cost of

text: solar power system

text: s using

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV) has decreased in recent years. In 2008,

text: Florida

text: adopted a

text: net metering

text: rule that allows any electric utility customer generating up to 2

text: MW

text: (2,000 kW) of power to use net metering, which provides a retail rate credit for kilowatt-hours of electricity delivered to the utility, rolled over from month to month, and paid out in cash by the utility once a year at the avoided cost rate.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost has decreased

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the cost of solar power systems

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in Florida

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Florida

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the cost of solar power systems using photovoltaics

text: A completed object (an object with emergy, or embodied energy) can however create more energy than was used to create it. I.e. a solar panel outputting more energy than its given embodied energy. However the system used to make up the solar panel: the inputs such as the materials for the object (silicon) and the solar radiation can only be regenerated if enough energy is produced to generate the materials used to make up the solar panel. However, today's solar panels are not yet that energy efficient .

text: A completed object (an object with

text: emergy

text: , or embodied energy) can however create more energy than was used to create it. I.e. a

text: solar panel

text: outputting more energy than its given embodied energy. However the system used to make up the solar panel: the inputs such as the materials for the object (silicon) and the solar radiation can only be regenerated if enough energy is produced to generate the materials used to make up the solar panel. However, today's solar panels are not yet that

text: energy efficient

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: energy efficient

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: energy efficient

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panel

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panel

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: create more energy than was used to create it.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panel outputting more energy than its given embodied energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panel

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: today's solar panels are not yet that energy efficient.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: today's solar panels are not yet that energy efficient.

text: Gujarat invests in development of solar energy in the state and has had India's largest solar power plant as of January 2012. It has allotted 716 MW of solar power capacity to 34 national and international solar project developers in 2009, against the planned 500 MW capacity under its solar power policy. This is expected to bring in investments of INR 120 billion and generate employment for 5,000 people. By 2014, Gujarat plans on producing 1000MW of energy by solar power. When taking all renewable energy sources into account, Gujarat has the highest share of renewable energy sources in India, about 14% (12,489 MW )

text: Gujarat invests in development of solar energy in the state and has had India's largest solar power plant as of January 2012. It has allotted 716 MW of solar power capacity to 34 national and international solar project developers in 2009, against the planned 500 MW capacity under its solar power policy. This is expected to bring in investments of INR 120 billion and generate employment for 5,000 people. By 2014, Gujarat plans on producing 1000MW of energy by solar power. When taking all renewable energy sources into account, Gujarat has the highest share of renewable energy sources in India, about 14% (12,489 MW )

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Gujarat

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: generate employment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: In 2009, against the planned 500 MW capacity under its solar power policy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Gujarat invests in development of solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: generate employment for 5,000 people.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Gujarat

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: planned 500 MW capacity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: By 2014, Gujarat plans on producing 1000MW of energy by solar power.

text: Solar powered lights need not be manually recharged as in the case of conventional battery operated flashlights. Pollution from discarded batteries used in normal flashlights is eliminated. Solar powered flashlights can be used in  remote locations where it is impossible to find any source of electricity except for solar power.

text: Solar powered lights need not be manually recharged as in the case of conventional battery operated flashlights. Pollution from discarded batteries used in normal flashlights is eliminated. Solar powered flashlights can be used in  remote locations where it is impossible to find any source of electricity except for solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used in remote locations

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: it is impossible to find any source of electricity except for solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar powered flashlights

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Pollution from discarded batteries used in normal flashlights is eliminated.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar powered lights

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: batteries

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Pollution from discarded batteries

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar powered lights

text: Renewable energy in Mexico contributes to 26% of electricity generation in Mexico. As of 2009, electricity generation from renewable energy comes from hydro power, geothermal, solar power and wind. There is a long term effort established to increase the use of renewable energy sources. By 2035 they hope that 35 percent of energy used within the country is generated by renewable sources.

text: Renewable energy in Mexico contributes to 26% of

text: electricity generation

text: in

text: Mexico

text: . As of 2009, electricity generation from

text: renewable energy

text: comes from

text: hydro power

text: geothermal

text: solar power

text: and

text: wind

text: . There is a long term effort established to increase the use of renewable energy sources. By 2035 they hope that 35 percent of energy used within the country is generated by renewable sources.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mexico

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power and wind

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: hydro power,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity generation from renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Renewable energy in Mexico contributes to 26% of electricity generation in Mexico.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: hydro power, geothermal, solar power and wind.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: By 2035

text: Sopogy was a solar thermal technology supplier was founded in 2002 at the Honolulu, Hawaii based clean technology incubator known as Energy Laboratories.  The company began its research on concentrating solar thermal energy to produce solar steam and thermal heat for absorption chillers or industrial process heat.  The company has also developed applications that incorporate its solar collectors to generate electricity and desalination. Sopogy's name origin comes from industry key words "SO" from Solar "PO" from "Power" and "GY" from "Energy and Technology"  The company has its OEM and IPP sales teams along with Research and Development located in Honolulu, HI, and in 2006 expanded its Manufacturing, C&I and Oil and Gas sales teams in its Silicon Valley facility.  The Pacific Business News and Green Tech Media reported that the VC-funded micro-concentrator solar power firm was shutting down operations based on statements from its President David Fernandez, however Hitachi Power Systems acquired Sopogy in a private transaction in 2014.

text: Sopogy was a

text: solar thermal

text: technology supplier was founded in 2002 at the

text: Honolulu, Hawaii

text: based clean technology incubator known as Energy Laboratories.  The company began its research on concentrating

text: solar thermal energy

text: to produce solar

text: steam

text: and thermal heat for

text: absorption chillers

text: or industrial process heat.  The company has also developed applications that incorporate its solar collectors to generate

text: electricity

text: and

text: desalination

text: . Sopogy's name origin comes from industry key words "SO" from Solar "PO" from "Power" and "GY" from "Energy and Technology"  The company has its OEM and IPP sales teams along with Research and Development located in

text: Honolulu, HI

text: , and in 2006 expanded its Manufacturing, C&I and Oil and Gas sales teams in its

text: Silicon Valley

text: facility.  The Pacific Business News and Green Tech Media reported that the VC-funded micro-concentrator solar power firm was shutting down operations based on statements from its President David Fernandez, however Hitachi Power Systems acquired Sopogy in a private transaction in 2014.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Sopogy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The company has also developed applications that incorporate its solar collectors to generate electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar steam and thermal heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar steam and thermal heat for absorption chillers or industrial process heat.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar steam and thermal heat for absorption chillers or industrial process heat.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Hawaii

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar steam

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: absorption chillers

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: shutting down operations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar collectors to generate electricity and desalination.

text: Solvay is a main partner of Solar Impulse and has contributed important R&D resources to their solar powered airplane project. That aircraft conducted its first test flight on 3 December 2009, and has achieved several important milestones since then, including successful solar-powered flights from Switzerland to Spain and Morocco in 2012.

text: Solvay is a main partner of

text: Solar Impulse

text: and has contributed important R&D resources to their solar powered airplane project. That aircraft conducted its first test flight on 3 December 2009, and has achieved several important milestones since then, including successful solar-powered flights from Switzerland to Spain and Morocco in 2012.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Impulse

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar powered airplane project

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar powered airplane project.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar powered airplane

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar powered airplane

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar powered airplane

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar powered airplane project.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar powered airplane

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar powered airplane

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar powered airplane

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar powered airplane project.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar powered airplane project.

text: For example, manufacturing activities that cause air pollution impose health and clean-up costs on the whole society, whereas the neighbors of an individual who chooses to fire-proof his home may benefit from a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own houses. If external costs exist, such as pollution, the producer may choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the producer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of externalization is involved. If there are external benefits, such as in public safety, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others.  For the purpose of these statements, overall cost and benefit to society is defined as the sum of the imputed monetary value of benefits and costs to all parties involved. Thus, unregulated markets in goods or services with significant externalities generate prices that do not reflect the full social cost or benefit of their transactions; such markets are therefore inefficient.

text: For example, manufacturing activities that cause

text: air pollution

text: impose health and clean-up costs on the whole society, whereas the neighbors of an individual who chooses to

text: fire-proof

text: his home may benefit from a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own houses. If external costs exist, such as

text: pollution

text: , the producer may choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the producer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of

text: externalization

text: is involved. If there are external benefits, such as in

text: public safety

text: , less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others.  For the purpose of these statements, overall cost and benefit to society is defined as the sum of the imputed monetary value of benefits and costs to all parties involved. Thus, unregulated

text: markets

text: in goods or services with significant externalities generate

text: prices

text: that do not reflect the full

text: social cost

text: or benefit of their transactions; such markets are therefore

text: inefficient

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits society

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: externalization

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: health and clean-up costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: costs.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: externalization

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: fire spreading to their own houses.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own houses.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: manufacturing activities that cause air pollution impose health and clean-up costs

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: externalization

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: externalization

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: externalization

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: less of the good may be produced

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: If external costs

text: c) Solar, solsticial and cosmological elements. While there is no direct proof of an original solar meaning of Janus, this being the issue of learned speculations of the Roman erudits initiated into the mysteries and of emperors as Domitian, the derivation from a Syrian cosmogonic deity proposed by P. Grimal looks more acceptable. Gagé though sees an ancient, preclassical Greek mythic substratum to which belong Deucalion and Pyrrha and the Hyperborean origins of the Delphic cult of Apollo as well as the Argonauts. The beliefs in the magic power of trees is reflected in the use of the olive wood, as for the rolls of the ship Argos: the myth of the Argonauts has links with Corcyra, remembered by Lucius Ampelius.

text: c) Solar, solsticial and cosmological elements. While there is no direct proof of an original solar meaning of Janus, this being the issue of learned speculations of the Roman erudits initiated into the mysteries and of emperors as

text: Domitian

text: , the derivation from a Syrian cosmogonic deity proposed by P. Grimal looks more acceptable. Gagé though sees an ancient, preclassical Greek mythic substratum to which belong

text: Deucalion

text: and

text: Pyrrha

text: and the

text: Hyperborean

text: origins of the Delphic cult of

text: Apollo

text: as well as the

text: Argonauts

text: . The beliefs in the magic power of trees is reflected in the use of the olive wood, as for the rolls of the ship Argos: the myth of the Argonauts has links with

text: Corcyra

text: , remembered by

text: Lucius Ampelius

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solsticial

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The beliefs in the magic power of trees

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: trees

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solsticial

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Janus,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar, solsticial and cosmological elements.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar, solsticial and cosmological elements.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: trees

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar meaning of Janus,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: olive wood,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no direct proof

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar, solsticial and cosmological elements.

text: The Sun emits energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Solar energy strikes the surface of objects. Some of that energy is absorbed and stored as heat (thermal energy). After sunset, this thermal energy remains and is emitted in the form of IR radiation.

text: The Sun emits energy across the entire

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: . Solar energy strikes the surface of objects. Some of that energy is absorbed and stored as heat (

text: thermal energy

text: ). After sunset, this thermal energy remains and is emitted in the form of IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: IR radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: IR radiation.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Sun emits energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: absorbed and stored as heat

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: absorbed

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Some of that energy is absorbed and stored as heat

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar energy strikes the surface of objects.

text: A solar power tower consists of an array of dual-axis tracking reflectors (heliostats) that concentrate sunlight on a central receiver atop a tower; the receiver contains a fluid deposit, which can consist of sea water. The working fluid in the receiver is heated to 500–1000 °C () and then used as a heat source for a power generation or energy storage system. An advantage of the solar tower is the reflectors can be adjusted instead of the whole tower.  Power-tower development is less advanced than trough systems, but they offer higher efficiency and better energy storage capability. The Solar Two in Daggett, California and the CESA-1 in Plataforma Solar de Almeria Almeria, Spain, are the most representative demonstration plants. The Planta Solar 10 (PS10) in Sanlucar la Mayor, Spain, is the first commercial utility-scale solar power tower in the world. The 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in the Mojave Desert, is the largest CSP facility in the world, and uses three power towers. The National Solar Thermal Test Facility, NSTTF located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, is an experimental solar thermal test facility with a heliostat field capable of producing 6 MW.

text: A solar power tower consists of an array of dual-axis tracking reflectors (

text: heliostat

text: s) that concentrate sunlight on a central receiver atop a tower; the receiver contains a fluid deposit, which can consist of

text: sea water

text: . The working fluid in the receiver is heated to 500–1000 °C () and then used as a heat source for a power generation or energy storage system. An advantage of the solar tower is the reflectors can be adjusted instead of the whole tower.  Power-tower development is less advanced than trough systems, but they offer higher efficiency and better energy storage capability. The

text: Solar Two

text: in

text: Daggett

text: , California and the CESA-1 in

text: Plataforma Solar de Almeria

text: Almeria, Spain, are the most representative demonstration plants. The

text: Planta Solar 10

text: (PS10) in

text: Sanlucar la Mayor

text: , Spain, is the first commercial utility-scale solar power tower in the world. The 377 MW

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: , located in the

text: Mojave Desert

text: , is the largest CSP facility in the world, and uses three power towers. The National Solar Thermal Test Facility, NSTTF located in

text: Albuquerque

text: , New Mexico, is an experimental solar thermal test facility with a heliostat field capable of producing 6 MW.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: better energy storage capability

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: higher efficiency and better energy storage capability

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: the reflectors can be adjusted instead of the whole tower.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: dual-axis tracking reflectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The working fluid in the receiver is heated to 500–1000 °C

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Power-tower development is less advanced than trough systems,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power tower

text:
|-| Photovoltaic power systems and components:
Top: solar string inverter and other BOS components Solar array on rooftop in Hong Kong, China BIPV on balcony in Helsinki, Finland
Middle: rooftop system in Boston, United States Westmill solar park in the United Kingdom Dual axis tracker with CPV modules Topaz, one of the world’s largest solar power station, as seen from space
Bottom: commercial rooftop PV system of about 400 kW Power plant on Mt. Komekura, Japan Solar PV system on Germany's highest mountain-top|}

text: |-| Photovoltaic power systems and components:<br>Top: solar string

text: inverter

text: and other

text: BOS

text: components

text: Solar array

text: on rooftop in Hong Kong, China

text: BIPV

text: on balcony in Helsinki, Finland<br>Middle:

text: rooftop system

text: in Boston, United States Westmill

text: solar park

text: in the United Kingdom Dual axis

text: tracker

text: with

text: CPV

text: modules

text: Topaz

text: , one of the

entity_section: World's largest photovoltaic power stations

text: world’s largest

text: solar power station, as seen from space<br>Bottom: commercial rooftop PV system of about 400

text: kW

text: Power plant

text: on Mt. Komekura, Japan Solar PV system on Germany's highest mountain-top|}

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Hong Kong

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: commercial rooftop PV system

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power station,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Hong Kong, China

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power station,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Boston, United States

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: string inverter

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar string inverter

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: rooftop in Hong Kong, China BIPV on balcony

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: largest solar power station,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Photovoltaic power systems

text: The Charanka Solar Park, at 214 MW the largest in the world, was commissioned on April 19, 2012, along with a total of 605 MW in Gujarat, representing 2/3 of India's installed photovoltaics. Large solar parks have also been announced in the state of Rajasthan. The 40 MW Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park was commissioned on March 31, 2012. India is also exploring different ways to smartly utilize land area for generating solar power; the Canal Solar Power Project is a significant example of the same where the  long network of Narmada canals was used to set up solar panels to generate electricity. This project generates 1 MW  of clean energy per year and also prevent evaporation of  of water annually from the canal. The project virtually eliminates the requirement to acquire vast tracts of land and limits evaporation of water from the canal.

text: The

text: Charanka Solar Park

text: , at 214 MW the largest in the world, was commissioned on April 19, 2012, along with a total of 605 MW in

text: Gujarat

text: , representing 2/3 of India's installed photovoltaics. Large solar parks have also been announced in the state of

text: Rajasthan

text: . The 40 MW

text: Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park

text: was commissioned on March 31, 2012. India is also exploring different ways to smartly utilize land area for generating solar power; the

text: Canal Solar Power Project

text: is a significant example of the same where the  long network of

text: Narmada

text: canals was used to set up solar panels to generate electricity. This project generates 1 MW  of clean energy per year and also prevent evaporation of  of water annually from the canal. The project virtually eliminates the requirement to acquire vast tracts of land and limits evaporation of water from the canal.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: eliminates the requirement to acquire vast tracts

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: evaporation of water from the canal

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power;

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power;

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The project virtually eliminates the requirement to acquire vast tracts of land

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Charanka Solar Park,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: evaporation of of water

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: evaporation of water from the canal.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Canal Solar Power Project

text: A solar-powered pump is a pump running on electricity generated by photovoltaic panels or the radiated thermal energy available from collected sunlight as opposed to grid electricity or diesel run water pumps. The operation of solar powered pumps is more economical mainly due to the lower operation and maintenance costs and has less environmental impact than pumps powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE). Solar pumps are useful where grid electricity is unavailable and alternative sources (in particular wind) do not provide sufficient energy.

text: A solar-powered pump is a

text: pump

text: running on electricity generated by

text: photovoltaic

text: panels or the radiated thermal energy available from collected sunlight as opposed to grid electricity or diesel run water pumps. The operation of solar powered pumps is more economical mainly due to the lower operation and maintenance costs and has less environmental impact than pumps powered by an

text: internal combustion engine

text: (ICE). Solar pumps are useful where grid electricity is unavailable and alternative sources (in particular wind) do not provide sufficient energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered pump

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has less environmental impact

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lower operation and maintenance costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiated thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered pump

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: lower operation and maintenance costs and has less environmental impact

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar-powered pump

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: radiated thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: environmental impact

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: internal combustion engine

text: Other large CSP facilities include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power installation in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW) and the first part of Shams solar power station (United Arab Emirates, 100 MW). Other large PV power stations include the 320 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China, the 345 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, and the 166 MW Solarpark Meuro in Germany.

text: Other large CSP facilities include the 354

text: megawatt

text: (MW)

text: Solar Energy Generating Systems

text: power installation in the USA,

text: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: (Spain, 150 MW),

text: Andasol Solar Power Station

text: (Spain, 150 MW) and the first part of

text: Shams solar power station

text: United Arab Emirates

text: , 100 MW). Other large PV power stations include the 320 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China, the 345 MW

text: Charanka Solar Park

text: in

text: India

text: , and the 166 MW

text: Solarpark Meuro

text: in Germany.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: PV power stations

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Energy Generating Systems power installation in the USA,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solnova Solar Power Station

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 100 MW).

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: Photovoltaic systems use no fuel, and modules typically last 25 to 40 years. Thus, capital costs make up most of the cost of solar power. Operations and maintenance costs for new utility-scale solar plants in the US are estimated to be 9 percent of the cost of photovoltaic electricity, and 17 percent of the cost of solar thermal electricity. Governments have created various financial incentives to encourage the use of solar power, such as feed-in tariff programs.  Also, Renewable portfolio standards impose a government mandate  that utilities generate or acquire a certain percentage of renewable power regardless of increased energy procurement costs. In most states, RPS goals can be achieved by any combination of solar, wind, biomass, landfill gas, ocean, geothermal, municipal solid waste, hydroelectric, hydrogen, or fuel cell technologies.

text: Photovoltaic systems use no fuel, and modules typically last 25 to 40 years. Thus, capital costs make up most of the cost of solar power. Operations and maintenance costs for new utility-scale solar plants in the US are estimated to be 9 percent of the cost of photovoltaic electricity, and 17 percent of the cost of solar thermal electricity. Governments have created various financial incentives to encourage the use of solar power, such as

text: feed-in tariff programs

text: .  Also,

text: Renewable portfolio standard

text: s impose a government mandate  that utilities generate or acquire a certain percentage of renewable power regardless of increased energy procurement costs. In most states, RPS goals can be achieved by any combination of solar, wind, biomass,

text: landfill gas

text: , ocean, geothermal,

text: municipal solid waste

text: , hydroelectric, hydrogen, or fuel cell technologies.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: modules typically last 25 to 40 years

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal electricity

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: operations and maintenance costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar, wind, biomass, landfill gas,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Photovoltaic systems use no fuel,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Photovoltaic systems use no fuel,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: modules

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: fuel cell

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: fuel cell

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: modules typically last 25 to 40 years.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Photovoltaic systems use no fuel,

text: The cost per megawatt of solar power, in this case, was much less than regular solar power plants, as the two banks of the canal will be used to cover the canal by installing solar power panel and the government did not have to spend much on creating basic infrastructure, including land acquisition .

text: The cost per megawatt of solar power, in this case, was much less than regular solar power plants, as the two banks of the canal will be used to cover the canal by installing solar power panel and the government did not have to spend much on creating basic infrastructure, including land acquisition .

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: costs less

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: land acquisition

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost per megawatt of solar power, in this case, was much less

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The cost per megawatt of solar power,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power panel

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power panel

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: land acquisition.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The cost per megawatt of solar power,

text: Another proposal called for using solar panels to provide electrical power to the spacecraft. The panels would be inflatable, reducing their mass. Although advancements in solar panel technology means it should be possible to achieve sufficient power at the distance of Neptune, the high cost of providing the solar panels would possibly eliminate the idea of using solar cells. This design would presumably also use conventional thrusters, because the dim sunlight in the outer Solar System would probably be insufficient to power an ion propulsion system.

text: Another proposal called for using

text: solar panel

text: s to provide electrical power to the spacecraft. The panels would be inflatable, reducing their mass. Although advancements in solar panel technology means it should be possible to achieve sufficient power at the distance of Neptune, the high cost of providing the solar panels would possibly eliminate the idea of using solar cells. This design would presumably also use conventional thrusters, because the dim sunlight in the outer Solar System would probably be insufficient to power an

text: ion propulsion

text: system.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used in space

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high cost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: ion propulsion

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: dim sunlight in the outer Solar System

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reducing their mass.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels to provide electrical power to the spacecraft.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thrusters,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the high cost of providing the solar panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels to provide electrical power to the spacecraft.

text: For individuals that receive means tested benefits, benefits are decreased as more income is earned. This is sometimes described as an implicit tax. These implicit marginal tax rates can exceed 90% or even greater than 100%. Some economists argue that these issues create a disincentive for work or promotion and may result in a structural income inequality.

text: For individuals that receive

text: means test

text: ed benefits, benefits are decreased as more income is earned. This is sometimes described as an implicit tax. These implicit marginal tax rates can exceed 90% or even greater than 100%. Some economists argue that these issues create a disincentive for work or promotion and may result in a structural income inequality.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: structural income inequality

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: implicit tax.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: implicit tax.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: implicit tax.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits are decreased as more income is earned.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: benefits are decreased as more income is earned.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: implicit tax.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: implicit tax.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: implicit tax.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: benefits are decreased as more income is earned.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: implicit tax.

text: Solar power in Nebraska is used for only a very small percentage of the state's electricity, although it is rapidly becoming competitive with grid electricity, due to the decrease in cost and the eight-year extension to the 30% tax credit, which can be used to install any size system. In 2015, the state ranked 47th among the 50 U.S. states with 1.1 MW of installed capacity. Solar power and wind power are easily able to provide all of Nebraska's energy need, although they would require either transmission lines to provide power when neither is available or storage. Estimates show that Nebraska could generate 3,832,600 GWh/year from wind, and 34.1% of demand from rooftop solar panels, using 8,200 MW of solar panels. Large-area solar farms would generate many times demand.

text: Solar power in Nebraska is used for only a very small percentage of the state's electricity, although it is rapidly becoming competitive with grid electricity, due to the decrease in cost and the eight-year extension to the 30% tax credit, which can be used to install any size system. In 2015, the state ranked 47th among the 50 U.S. states with 1.1 MW of installed capacity.

text: Solar power

text: and

text: wind power

text: are easily able to provide all of

text: Nebraska

text: 's energy need, although they would require either transmission lines to provide power when neither is available or storage. Estimates show that Nebraska could generate 3,832,600 GWh/year from wind, and 34.1% of demand from rooftop solar panels, using 8,200 MW of solar panels. Large-area solar farms would generate many times demand.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: GWh

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: decrease in cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: transmission lines to provide power when neither is available or storage

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: neither

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in Nebraska

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: decrease in cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power in Nebraska

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: storage.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: they would require either transmission lines to provide power when neither is available or storage.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: it is rapidly becoming competitive with grid electricity,

text: Whereas some studies suggest that parent countries can benefit from the emigration of skilled workers, generally it is emigration of unskilled and semi-skilled workers that is of economic benefit to countries of origin, by reducing pressure for employment creation. Where skilled emigration is concentrated in specific highly skilled sectors, such as medicine, the consequences are severe and even catastrophic in cases where 50% or so of trained doctors have emigrated. The crucial issues, as recently acknowledged by the OECD, is the matter of return and reinvestment in their countries of origin by the migrants themselves: thus, government policies in Europe are increasingly focused upon facilitating temporary skilled migration alongside migrant remittances.

text: Whereas some studies suggest that parent countries can benefit from the emigration of skilled workers, generally it is emigration of unskilled and semi-skilled workers that is of economic benefit to countries of origin, by reducing pressure for employment creation. Where skilled emigration is concentrated in specific highly skilled sectors, such as medicine, the consequences are severe and even catastrophic in cases where 50% or so of trained doctors have emigrated. The crucial issues, as recently acknowledged by the OECD, is the matter of return and reinvestment in their countries of origin by the migrants themselves: thus, government policies in Europe are increasingly focused upon facilitating temporary skilled migration alongside migrant remittances.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reducing pressure for employment creation

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: skilled emigration

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: emigration of unskilled and semi-skilled

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: emigration

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: emigration of unskilled and semi-skilled

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reducing pressure for employment creation.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: emigration of skilled workers,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: emigration of unskilled and semi-skilled

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: emigration of unskilled and semi-skilled

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: emigration

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: return and reinvestment in their countries of origin by the migrants themselves:

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: emigration of skilled workers,

text: Various sourcebooks for Exalted state that Solars lack the specialized abilities of the other Exalted: the shapeshifting magic of the Lunars, the raw entropic and destructive force of the Abyssals, the elemental manipulation of the Terrestrial Exalted, or the Fate-manipulation of the Sidereals. The nature of their charms tends to express itself instead through human excellence taken to superhuman extremes, and as such their raw prowess in most skills easily exceeds any of the others. Their three greatest advantages are their large Essence pools that give them more raw power to work with, their powerful, efficient, straightforward charms, and their ability to use the highest of all forms of sorcery, the Adamant Circle – also called the Solar Circle due to the Solars alone being able to access that circle of sorcery.  With the addition in the third edition of Evocations—powers derived from legendary artifacts—the Solars have attained another area in which they are the undisputed masters.

text: Various sourcebooks for Exalted state that Solars lack the specialized abilities of the other Exalted: the shapeshifting magic of the Lunars, the raw entropic and destructive force of the Abyssals, the elemental manipulation of the Terrestrial Exalted, or the Fate-manipulation of the Sidereals. The nature of their charms tends to express itself instead through human excellence taken to superhuman extremes, and as such their raw prowess in most skills easily exceeds any of the others. Their three greatest advantages are their large

text: Essence

text: pools that give them more raw power to work with, their powerful, efficient, straightforward charms, and their ability to use the highest of all forms of sorcery, the Adamant Circle – also called the Solar Circle due to the Solars alone being able to access that circle of sorcery.  With the addition in the third edition of Evocations—powers derived from legendary artifacts—the Solars have attained another area in which they are the undisputed masters.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Adamant Circle

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the Adamant Circle

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more raw power to work with

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: elemental manipulation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lack the specialized abilities of the other Exalted

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: legendary artifacts—the

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Adamant Circle

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: large Essence pools that give them more raw power to work with,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar Circle

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar Circle

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Solar Circle

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Essence pools

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solars lack the specialized abilities

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar Circle

text: Some of the benefits of using solar-powered waste compactors include:

text: Some of the benefits of using solar-powered waste compactors include:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar-powered waste compactors

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar-powered

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered waste compactors

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar-powered waste compactors

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar-powered waste compactors

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar-powered waste compactors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar-powered

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar-powered

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar-powered waste compactors

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar-powered waste compactors

text: As of July 2014, California had 7,808 MW of solar and 5,830 MW of wind farms. California adopted feed-in tariffs, a tool similar to what Europe has been using, to encourage the solar power industry. Proposals were raised aiming to create a small-scale solar market in California that brings the benefits of the German market, such as distributed generation, which avoids the need for transmission because power is generated close to where it is used, and avoid the drawbacks such as excessively high payments that could become a burden on utility customers.

text: As of July 2014, California had 7,808 MW of solar and 5,830 MW of wind farms. California adopted feed-in tariffs, a tool similar to what Europe has been using, to encourage the solar power industry. Proposals were raised aiming to create a small-scale solar market in California that brings the benefits of the German market, such as

text: distributed generation

text: , which avoids the need for transmission because power is generated close to where it is used, and avoid the drawbacks such as excessively high payments that could become a burden on utility customers.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: avoids the need for transmission

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: excessively high payments

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar and 5,830 MW of wind farms.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: distributed generation,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: power is generated close to where it is used,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: distributed generation,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: feed-in tariffs,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: distributed generation,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: excessively high payments

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: feed-in tariffs,

text: The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (392 MW), located   southwest of Las Vegas, is the world's largest solar thermal power project. The project is developed by BrightSource Energy and Bechtel.  The project has received a $1.375 billion loan guarantee from the United States Department of Energy. It deploys 347,000 heliostat mirrors focusing solar energy on boilers located on centralized solar power towers.

text: The

text: Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

text: (392 MW), located   southwest of

text: Las Vegas

text: , is the world's largest

text: solar thermal power

text: project. The project is developed by

text: BrightSource Energy

text: and

text: Bechtel

text: .  The project has received a $1.375 billion loan guarantee from the

text: United States Department of Energy

text: . It deploys 347,000

text: heliostat

text: mirrors focusing

text: solar energy

text: on boilers located on centralized

text: solar power tower

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Las Vegas

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostat

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heliostat mirrors

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: boilers located on centralized solar power towers.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar thermal power project.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: southwest of Las Vegas,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostat mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: boilers located on centralized solar power towers.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

text: The contribution to the US electric grid over the last eleven years of solar thermal electric power to the renewable power generation and to the total US power generation is shown below along with the yearly profile of the solar thermal power generation for 2014 and 2015. This shows the typical variations over the months of the year due to sunlight availability. Before 2008, most solar-generated electric energy was from thermal systems. By 2011, photovoltaics had overtaken thermal.

text: The contribution to the US electric grid over the last eleven years of solar thermal electric power to the renewable power generation and to the total US power generation is shown below along with the yearly profile of the solar thermal power generation for 2014 and 2015. This shows the typical variations over the months of the year due to sunlight availability. Before 2008, most solar-generated electric energy was from thermal systems. By 2011, photovoltaics had overtaken thermal.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: sunlight availability

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: thermal systems.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal electric power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunlight availability.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar thermal electric power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: sunlight availability.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: photovoltaics had overtaken thermal.

text: The solar power tower, also known as 'central tower' power plants or 'heliostat' power plants or power towers, is a type of solar furnace using a tower to receive the focused sunlight. It uses an array of flat, movable mirrors (called heliostats) to focus the sun's rays upon a collector tower (the target). Concentrated solar thermal is seen as one viable solution for renewable, pollution-free energy.

text: The solar power tower, also known as 'central tower' power plants or '

text: heliostat

text: ' power plants or power towers, is a type of

text: solar furnace

text: using a tower to receive the focused sunlight. It uses an array of flat, movable mirrors (called heliostats) to focus the sun's rays upon a collector tower (the target). Concentrated solar thermal is seen as one viable solution for renewable, pollution-free energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: pollution-free

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrated solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: pollution-free energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power tower,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: pollution-free

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The solar power tower,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: flat, movable mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: pollution-free energy.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Concentrated solar thermal

text: Unique sculptural creations for a single sites began to appear in 1998 (e.g., the 7 kW tree in Gleisdorf, Austria) or earlier. A number of variants of solar trees have been conceived, not all of them realized in installations. Locations have included roadways, public areas in cities, schools and universities, office buildings, science museums, and more. Recently, designers and manufacturers have introduced solar trees as products, designed to deliver the benefits of solar trees in a repeatable way to more places. Examples include Ross Lovegrove's solar tree which incorporated seating, lighting, and circular groupings of photovoltaic cells, Envision Solar solar parking canopy specifically trademarked Solar Tree, and Spotlight Solar's line of architectural structures and most recently CSIR’s Solar Power Tree from India.

text: Unique sculptural creations for a single sites began to appear in 1998 (e.g., the 7 kW tree in Gleisdorf, Austria) or earlier. A number of variants of solar trees have been conceived, not all of them realized in installations. Locations have included roadways, public areas in cities, schools and universities, office buildings, science museums, and more. Recently, designers and manufacturers have introduced solar trees as products, designed to deliver the benefits of solar trees in a repeatable way to more places. Examples include Ross Lovegrove's solar tree which incorporated seating, lighting, and circular groupings of photovoltaic cells, Envision Solar solar parking canopy specifically trademarked Solar Tree, and Spotlight Solar's line of architectural structures and most recently CSIR’s Solar Power Tree from India.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar trees

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar trees

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be repeatable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: not all of them realized in installations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic cells,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic cells,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar trees

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: repeatable way to more places.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar trees

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic cells,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic cells,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic cells,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: not all of them realized in installations.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar trees

text: Utah's solar easement provisions are similar to those in other states, in that parties may voluntarily enter into written contracts, enforceable by law that once created run with the land.  However, The Utah Public Service Commission plans to execute a cost-benefit analysis of consumer produced electricity and it's effects on the current electrical system.  This study may set national precedent, as no state's regulatory agency has conducted a full-scale examination of net-metered solar power. Unfortunately the study does not take into consideration the benefits of clean energy on health and the environment, It evaluates the solar generated energy as if it was generated by coal, which is the majority source of power generated by Rocky Mountain Power. Many eastern states do value their clean energy with cap-and-trade legislation. Utah also provides a nonrefundable and refundable tax credit for qualifying solar projects. .

text: Utah's solar easement provisions are similar to those in other states, in that parties may voluntarily enter into written contracts, enforceable by law that once created run with the land.  However, The Utah Public Service Commission plans to execute a cost-benefit analysis of consumer produced electricity and it's effects on the current electrical system.  This study may set national precedent, as no state's regulatory agency has conducted a full-scale examination of net-metered solar power. Unfortunately the study does not take into consideration the benefits of clean energy on health and the environment, It evaluates the solar generated energy as if it was generated by coal, which is the majority source of power generated by Rocky Mountain Power. Many eastern states do value their clean energy with cap-and-trade legislation. Utah also provides a nonrefundable and refundable tax credit for qualifying solar projects. .

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: net-metered

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: health and the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: It evaluates the solar generated energy as if it was generated by coal

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: coal,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: coal,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: coal,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: health and the environment,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Utah's

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: net-metered solar power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: coal,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: coal,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: It evaluates the solar generated energy as if it was generated by coal,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: net-metered solar power.

text: Mirrors are integral parts of a solar power plant. The one shown in the adjacent picture uses concentrated solar power from an array of parabolic troughs.

text: Mirrors are integral parts of a

text: solar power

text: plant. The one shown in the adjacent picture uses

text: concentrated solar power

text: from an array of

text: parabolic trough

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: lack of mirrors

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power from an array of parabolic troughs.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power plant.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: parabolic troughs.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power from an array of parabolic troughs.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: parabolic troughs.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power plant.

text: In February 2010, Areva formed Areva Solar with its acquisition of US-based Ausra, a provider of concentrated solar power solutions using Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) technology. Headquartered in Mountain View, California, Areva Solar operates a 5MWe solar power plant in Bakersfield, California, at its Kimberlina Solar Thermal Energy Plant development facility. Areva Solar markets its solar boiler technology in three formats: as a standalone solar power plant generating 50MW+ of electricity, as a solar booster (20-50MW) adding solar steam power to an existing fossil-fuel power plant for carbon mitigation, and as an industrial steam provider for food, oil, desalination and other processes. Areva Solar’s boilers attain 750-degree F superheated steam, and are the first and only solar boiler to receive S-Stamp certification by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

text: In February 2010, Areva formed Areva Solar with its acquisition of US-based

text: Ausra

text: , a provider of concentrated solar power solutions using

text: Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

text: (CLFR) technology. Headquartered in Mountain View, California, Areva Solar operates a 5

text: MWe

text: solar power plant in Bakersfield, California, at its

text: Kimberlina Solar Thermal Energy Plant

text: development facility. Areva Solar markets its solar boiler technology in three formats: as a standalone solar power plant generating 50MW+ of electricity, as a solar booster (20-50MW) adding solar steam power to an existing fossil-fuel power plant for carbon mitigation, and as an industrial steam provider for food, oil,

text: desalination

text: and other processes. Areva Solar’s boilers attain 750-degree F superheated steam, and are the first and only solar boiler to receive S-Stamp certification by the

text: American Society of Mechanical Engineers

text: (ASME).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Compact Linear Fresnel

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Areva Solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: carbon mitigation

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: reflectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Areva Solar’s boilers attain 750-degree F superheated steam

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: fossil-fuel

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power solutions using Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power solutions

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: carbon mitigation,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: carbon mitigation,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power solutions using Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

text: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a process that places a monetary value on costs and benefits to evaluate issues.  Environmental CBA aims to provide policy solutions for intangible products such as clean air and water by measuring a consumer's willingness to pay for these goods.  CBA contributes to environmental racism through the valuing of environmental resources based on their utility to society.  The more someone is willing to pay for a resource such as clean water or air benefits society more than when people are not willing to pay for these goods.  This creates a burden on poorer areas, however, by relocating toxic wastes and other environmentally hazardous goods through the justification that they are not willing (or able) to pay as much as a wealthier area for a clean environment.  The placement of toxic wastes near poor people lowers the property value of already cheap land.  Since the decrease in property value is less than that of a cleaner, wealthier area the monetary benefits to society are greater by dumping the toxic waste in a "low-value" area.

text: Cost-benefit analysis

text: (CBA) is a process that places a monetary value on costs and benefits to evaluate issues.  Environmental CBA aims to provide policy solutions for intangible products such as clean air and water by measuring a consumer's willingness to pay for these goods.  CBA contributes to environmental racism through the valuing of environmental resources based on their utility to society.  The more someone is willing to pay for a resource such as clean water or air benefits society more than when people are not willing to pay for these goods.  This creates a burden on poorer areas, however, by relocating toxic wastes and other environmentally hazardous goods through the justification that they are not willing (or able) to pay as much as a wealthier area for a clean environment.  The placement of toxic wastes near poor people lowers the property value of already cheap land.  Since the decrease in property value is less than that of a cleaner, wealthier area the monetary benefits to society are greater by dumping the toxic waste in a "low-value" area.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: air

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: benefits society more

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: This creates a burden on poorer areas

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: air

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: air

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Cost-benefit analysis

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: environmentally hazardous goods

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Cost-benefit analysis

text: The stadium, designed by Japanese architect Toyo Ito, makes use of solar energy to provide its power needs.  The stadium's semi spiral-shaped, like a dragon, is the first stadium in the world to provide power using solar power technology. The solar panels covering the vast external face of the stadium are able to generate most of the power required for its own operation, as well as additional power that can be saved.

text: The stadium, designed by

text: Japan

text: ese architect

text: Toyo Ito

text: , makes use of

text: solar energy

text: to provide its power needs.  The stadium's semi spiral-shaped, like a dragon, is the first stadium in the world to provide power using

text: solar power

text: technology. The

text: solar panel

text: s covering the vast external face of the stadium are able to generate most of the power required for its own operation, as well as additional power that can be saved.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The stadium

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be saved

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels covering the vast external face of the stadium

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: saved.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy to provide its power needs.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: additional power that can be saved.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The solar panels

text: In 2014, the Brookings Institution published The Net Benefits of Low and No-Carbon Electricity Technologies which states, after performing an energy and emissions cost analysis, that "The net benefits of new nuclear, hydro, and natural gas combined cycle plants far outweigh the net benefits of new wind or solar plants", with the most cost effective low carbon power technology being determined to be nuclear power.

text: In 2014, the

text: Brookings Institution

text: published The Net Benefits of Low and No-Carbon Electricity Technologies which states, after performing an energy and emissions cost analysis, that "The net benefits of new nuclear, hydro, and natural gas combined cycle plants far outweigh the net benefits of new wind or solar plants", with the most cost effective

text: low carbon power

text: technology being determined to be nuclear power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: net benefits

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind or solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind or solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: No-Carbon

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: wind or solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: combined cycle plants

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: net benefits of new wind or solar plants",

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: wind or solar plants",

text: In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is otherwise unused and suitable for solar panels. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are not being used for businesses where solar plants can be established.

text: In addition, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is otherwise unused and suitable for solar panels. Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are not being used for businesses where solar plants can be established.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: land availability

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: they can collect energy directly from their homes

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Roofs have been found to be a suitable place for solar cells,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels can only be set up on land

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy

text: Despite the numerous attempts at making better solar cells by using new and exotic materials, the reality is that the photovoltaics market is still dominated by silicon wafer-based solar cells (first-generation solar cells). This means that most solar cell manufacturers are currently equipped to produce this type of solar cells. Consequently, a large body of research is being done all over the world to manufacture silicon wafer-based solar cells at lower cost and to increase the conversion efficiencies without an exorbitant increase in production cost. The ultimate goal for both wafer-based and alternative photovoltaic concepts is to produce solar electricity at a cost comparable to currently market-dominant coal, natural gas, and nuclear power in order to make it the leading primary energy source. To achieve this it may be necessary to reduce the cost of installed solar systems from currently about US$1.80 (for bulk Si technologies) to about US$0.50 per Watt peak power. Since a major part of the final cost of a traditional bulk silicon module is related to the high cost of solar grade polysilicon feedstock (about US$0.4/Watt peak) there exists substantial drive to make Si solar cells thinner (material savings) or to make solar cells from cheaper upgraded metallurgical silicon (so called "dirty Si").

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: a cost comparable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the photovoltaics market is still dominated by silicon wafer-based solar cells

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Despite the numerous attempts at making better solar cells by using new and exotic materials,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: silicon wafer-based solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: silicon wafer-based solar cells

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: dominated by silicon wafer-based solar cells

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: coal, natural gas, and nuclear power

text: The solar power plant consists of two independent 125 MW net (140 MW gross) sections, using solar trough technology. This was one of three of the world’s largest solar plants, that began supplying power in 2013 and 2014, located in the deserts of Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The Project power block and solar arrays occupy about  of the site. The rest are the evaporation ponds, access road, administration buildings and some fenced open area. The 1840 Solar Collector Assemblies are  each, yielding  of total solar aperture.

text: The solar power plant consists of two independent 125

text: MW

text: net (140 MW gross) sections, using

text: solar trough

text: technology. This was one of three of the world’s largest solar plants, that began supplying power in 2013 and 2014, located in the deserts of Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The Project power block and solar arrays occupy about  of the site. The rest are the evaporation ponds, access road, administration buildings and some fenced open area. The 1840

text: Solar Collector Assemblies

text: are  each, yielding  of total solar aperture.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar trough

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar arrays

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: evaporation ponds

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar trough technology.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar trough

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: deserts of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar trough technology.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: deserts of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar trough

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: evaporation ponds,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: evaporation ponds,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar trough technology.

text: The Copiapó project will comprise two 120 megawatt (MW, 130 MW gross) solar thermal towers with up to 14 hours thermal storage, combined with 150 MW of PV. The hybrid project will deliver over 1,700 gigawatt hours (GW·h) annually, as non-intermittent baseload power, 24 hours a day. The project uses heliostat mirrors that collect and focus the sun's thermal energy to heat molten salt flowing through a solar power tower. The molten salt circulates from the tower to a storage tank, where it is then used to produce steam and generate electricity. Excess thermal energy is stored in the molten salt and can be used to generate power for up to fourteen hours, including during the evening hours and when direct sunlight is not available. The project's solar tower component technology is based on the SolarReserve Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project in the US.

text: The Copiapó project will comprise two 120 megawatt (

text: MW

text: , 130

text: MW

text: gross) solar thermal towers with up to 14 hours thermal storage, combined with 150

text: MW

text: of

text: PV

text: . The hybrid project will deliver over 1,700 gigawatt hours (

text: GW·h

text: ) annually, as non-intermittent baseload power, 24 hours a day. The project uses

text: heliostat

text: mirrors that collect and focus the sun's thermal energy to heat

text: molten salt

text: flowing through a

text: solar power tower

text: . The molten salt circulates from the tower to a storage tank, where it is then used to produce steam and generate electricity. Excess thermal energy is stored in the molten salt and can be used to generate power for up to fourteen hours, including during the evening hours and when direct sunlight is not available. The project's solar tower component technology is based on the SolarReserve

text: Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project

text: in the US.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Copiapó project

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: non-intermittent baseload power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostat

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: heliostat mirrors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: non-intermittent baseload power, 24 hours a day

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: molten salt flowing through a solar power tower.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal energy to heat molten salt

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: heliostat mirrors that collect and focus the sun's thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: non-intermittent baseload power, 24 hours a day.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Copiapó

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostat mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: heliostat mirrors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: during the evening hours and when direct sunlight is not available.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power tower.

text: Notable solar power plants in Nevada include the Nellis and Nellis II photovoltaic solar power plants at Nellis Air Force Base;  the 64 MW, 400 acre concentrating solar thermal power plant Nevada Solar One, which began operation in 2007; and the proposed 100 MW Playa Solar 2 project.  The 100 MW Playa Solar 2 project is a photovoltaic power station proposed by First Solar with a 20-year power purchase agreement with NV Energy for $0.0378 per kilowatt-hour.  This is lower than the lowest price available in the previous year of $0.046 (from the 100 MW Boulder Solar plant).

text: Notable solar power plants in Nevada include the Nellis and Nellis II photovoltaic solar power plants at Nellis Air Force Base;  the 64 MW, 400 acre concentrating solar thermal power plant

text: Nevada Solar One

text: , which began operation in 2007; and the proposed 100 MW Playa Solar 2 project.  The 100 MW Playa Solar 2 project is a

text: photovoltaic

text: power station proposed by

text: First Solar

text: with a 20-year power purchase agreement with

text: NV Energy

text: for $0.0378 per kilowatt-hour.  This is lower than the lowest price available in the previous year of $0.046 (from the 100 MW

text: Boulder Solar

text: plant).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Nevada

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power plant Nevada Solar One, which began operation in 2007

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Nellis Air Force Base;

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Nevada

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: lower than the lowest price available in the previous year of $0.046

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Notable solar power plants in Nevada

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: $0.0378 per kilowatt-hour.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 100 MW Playa Solar 2 project.

text: Solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power plant in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW). The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently under construction. Many other plants are under construction or planned, mainly in Spain and the USA. In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in Egypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved.

text: Solar thermal power

text: stations include the 354

text: megawatt

text: (MW)

text: Solar Energy Generating Systems

text: power plant in the USA,

text: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: (Spain, 150 MW),

text: Andasol solar power station

text: (Spain, 100 MW),

text: Nevada Solar One

text: (USA, 64 MW),

text: PS20 solar power tower

text: (Spain, 20 MW), and the

text: PS10 solar power tower

text: (Spain, 11 MW). The 370 MW

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: , located in California's

text: Mojave Desert

text: , is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently under construction. Many other plants are under construction or planned, mainly in Spain and the USA. In developing countries, three

text: World Bank

text: projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in

text: Egypt

text: Mexico

text: , and

text: Morocco

text: have been approved.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar thermal power stations

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar thermal power stations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar thermal power stations

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California's Mojave Desert,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PS20 solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar thermal power stations

text: SELCO has also created other small entrepreneurs who use the solar panels to charge numerous small batteries which they then lend to street vendors for a nominal daily price. This has boosted their monthly incomes from Rs. 4500 to Rs. 13000. Other people who have benefited from SELCO's venture are the rose pickers in a village in Bangalore who earlier used to hold a lamp in one of their hands and pick roses from the other as part of their daily pre-dawn routine. SELCO has helped them in acquiring solar powered headlamps which the workers can now wear. With both hands now being free, the productivity of the workers has doubled resulting in a direct improvement in their income. SELCO also partnered with Menda Foundation and Children's LoveCastles Trust to provide education technology to the rural government states of Karnataka. Many rural schools face power issues and solar powered projectors solve the issue.

text: SELCO has also created other small entrepreneurs who use the solar panels to charge numerous small batteries which they then lend to street vendors for a nominal daily price. This has boosted their monthly incomes from Rs. 4500 to Rs. 13000. Other people who have benefited from SELCO's venture are the

text: rose

text: pickers in a village in

text: Bangalore

text: who earlier used to hold a lamp in one of their hands and pick roses from the other as part of their daily pre-dawn routine. SELCO has helped them in acquiring solar powered headlamps which the workers can now wear. With both hands now being free, the productivity of the workers has doubled resulting in a direct improvement in their income. SELCO also partnered with Menda Foundation and

text: Children's LoveCastles Trust

text: to provide education technology to the rural government states of Karnataka. Many rural schools face power issues and solar powered projectors solve the issue.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Karnataka

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has boosted their monthly income

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: rural schools face power issues

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: With both hands now being free,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Many rural schools face power issues

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels

text: It would be unfeasible to simply reduce traditional metallic antennas to nano sizes, because they would require tremendously high frequencies to operate. Consequently, it would require a lot of power to operate them. Furthermore, electrons in these traditional metals are not very mobile at nano sizes and the necessary electromagnetic waves would not form. However, these limitations would not be an issue with graphene's unique capabilities. A flake of graphene has the potential to hold a series of metal electrodes. Consequently, it would be possible to develop an antenna from this material.

text: It would be unfeasible to simply reduce traditional metallic antennas to nano sizes, because they would require tremendously high frequencies to operate. Consequently, it would require a lot of power to operate them. Furthermore, electrons in these traditional metals are not very mobile at nano sizes and the necessary electromagnetic waves would not form. However, these limitations would not be an issue with graphene's unique capabilities. A flake of graphene has the potential to hold a series of metal electrodes. Consequently, it would be possible to develop an antenna from this material.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: metal electrodes

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: electromagnetic waves would not form

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: graphene's

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: nano sizes,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: a lot of power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: It would be unfeasible

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: metal electrodes.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: graphene's

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: electrons in these traditional metals are not very mobile at nano sizes

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: graphene's

text: A study done by Greenpeace International, the European Solar Thermal Electricity Association, and the International Energy Agency's SolarPACES group investigated the potential and future of concentrated solar power. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the world's energy needs by 2050. The increase in investment would be from 2 billion euros worldwide to 92.5 billion euros in that time period.Spain is the leader in concentrated solar power technology, with more than 50 government-approved projects in the works. Also, it exports its technology, further increasing the technology's stake in energy worldwide. Because the technology works best with areas of high insolation (solar radiation), experts predict the biggest growth in places like Africa, Mexico, and the southwest United States. It indicates that the thermal storage systems based in nitrates (calcium, potassium, sodium,...) will make the CSP plants more and more profitable. The study examined three different outcomes for this technology: no increases in CSP technology, investment continuing as it has been in Spain and the US, and finally the true potential of CSP without any barriers on its growth. The findings of the third part are shown in the table below:

text: A study done by

text: Greenpeace International

text: , the European Solar Thermal Electricity Association, and the

text: International Energy Agency

text: 's

text: SolarPACES

text: group investigated the potential and future of concentrated solar power. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the world's energy needs by 2050. The increase in investment would be from 2 billion euros worldwide to 92.5 billion euros in that time period.Spain is the leader in concentrated solar power technology, with more than 50 government-approved projects in the works. Also, it exports its technology, further increasing the technology's stake in energy worldwide. Because the technology works best with areas of high

text: insolation

text: (solar radiation), experts predict the biggest growth in places like Africa, Mexico, and the southwest United States. It indicates that the thermal storage systems based in

text: nitrates

text: calcium

text: potassium

text: sodium

text: ,...) will make the CSP plants more and more profitable. The study examined three different outcomes for this technology: no increases in CSP technology, investment continuing as it has been in Spain and the US, and finally the true potential of CSP without any barriers on its growth. The findings of the third part are shown in the table below:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Spain

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: could account for up to 25%

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: thermal storage systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The technology works best with areas of high insolation (solar radiation)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: (solar radiation),

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: areas of high insolation

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 25% of the world's energy needs by 2050.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Because the technology works best with areas of high insolation

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: (solar radiation),

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal storage

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no increases in CSP technology,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 25% of the world's energy needs by 2050.

text: The seminal authority in relation to what amounts to a proper purpose is the Supreme Court decision in .  The case concerned the powers of directors under the articles of association of the company to disenfranchise voting rights attached to shares for failure to properly comply with notice served on the shareholders.  Prior to that case the leading authority was Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Ltd [1974] AC 821. The case concerned the power of the directors to issue new shares. It was alleged that the directors had issued a large number of new shares purely to deprive a particular shareholder of his voting majority. An argument that the power to issue shares could only be properly exercised to raise new capital was rejected as too narrow, and it was held that it would be a proper exercise of the director's powers to issue shares to a larger company to ensure the financial stability of the company, or as part of an agreement to exploit mineral rights owned by the company. If so, the mere fact that an incidental result (even if it was a desired consequence) was that a shareholder lost his majority, or a takeover bid was defeated, this would not itself make the share issue improper. But if the sole purpose was to destroy a voting majority, or block a takeover bid, that would be an improper purpose.

text: The seminal authority in relation to what amounts to a proper purpose is the

text: Supreme Court

text: decision in .  The case concerned the powers of directors under the

text: articles of association

text: of the company to disenfranchise voting rights attached to shares for failure to properly comply with notice served on the shareholders.  Prior to that case the leading authority was

text: Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Ltd

text: [1974] AC 821. The case concerned the power of the directors to issue new

text: shares

text: . It was alleged that the directors had issued a large number of new shares purely to deprive a particular shareholder of his voting majority. An argument that the power to issue shares could only be properly exercised to raise new capital was rejected as too narrow, and it was held that it would be a proper exercise of the director's powers to issue shares to a larger company to ensure the financial stability of the company, or as part of an agreement to exploit mineral rights owned by the company. If so, the mere fact that an incidental result (even if it was a desired consequence) was that a shareholder lost his majority, or a takeover bid was defeated, this would not itself make the share issue improper. But if the sole purpose was to destroy a voting majority, or block a takeover bid, that would be an improper purpose.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: if the sole purpose was to destroy a voting majority

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: mineral rights

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: exploit mineral rights

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: [1974] AC 821.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: financial stability

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The seminal authority in relation to what amounts to a proper purpose

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Ltd [1974] AC 821.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Ltd [1974] AC 821.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: [1974] AC 821.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: if the sole purpose was to destroy a voting majority,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Ltd [1974] AC 821.

text: Sunlight Solar Energy is a national solar power company specializing in the design, finance, installation, and management of commercial and residential solar electric, solar hot water, solar pool, and radiant floor systems.  Sunlight Solar was founded in 1988 by Paul Israel, a graduate of Temple University and co-founder of the Central Oregon Green and Solar Tour.  The company opened its first location in Redmond, Oregon in 1997 and began installing solar for RV's, solar hot water, and off-grid solar electric systems.  In 2003 the company moved operations to Bend, Oregon where the office's 3.6 Kilowatt photovoltaic system is monitored by Frank Vignola of the University of Oregon Solar Radiation Monitoring Lab which helped the Energy Trust of Oregon and Christopher Dymond of the Oregon Department of Energy calculate performance expectations for solar power production in Central Oregon.  In 2004 a state solar incentive program encouraged the company's expansion of operations to Milford, Connecticut.  In 2006 they became a premier dealer for SunPower photovoltaic panels.  In 2008 Sunlight Solar was awarded Sunpower's "Intelegant" award for excellence.  In 2008 Sunlight Solar won the Central Oregon Builder's Association award for  "Sub-Contractor of the Year".  In 2009 the company expanded to Waltham, Massachusetts.  In 2010 the company opened an office in Portland, Oregon.  In 2010 Sunlight Solar partnered with Habitat for Humanity to install 25 photovoltaic systems on new production high performance homes.

text: Sunlight Solar Energy is a national

text: solar power

text: company specializing in the design, finance, installation, and management of commercial and residential

text: solar electric

text: solar hot water

text: solar pool

text: , and

text: radiant floor

text: systems.  Sunlight Solar was founded in 1988 by Paul Israel, a graduate of

text: Temple University

text: and co-founder of the Central Oregon Green and Solar Tour.  The company opened its first location in

text: Redmond, Oregon

text: in 1997 and began installing solar for RV's, solar hot water, and off-grid solar electric systems.  In 2003 the company moved operations to

text: Bend, Oregon

text: where the office's 3.6 Kilowatt photovoltaic system is monitored by Frank Vignola of the University of Oregon Solar Radiation Monitoring Lab which helped the Energy Trust of Oregon and Christopher Dymond of the Oregon Department of Energy calculate performance expectations for solar power production in Central Oregon.  In 2004 a state solar incentive program encouraged the company's expansion of operations to

text: Milford, Connecticut

text: .  In 2006 they became a premier dealer for

text: SunPower

text: photovoltaic

text: panels.  In 2008 Sunlight Solar was awarded Sunpower's "Intelegant" award for excellence.  In 2008 Sunlight Solar won the Central Oregon Builder's Association award for  "Sub-Contractor of the Year".  In 2009 the company expanded to

text: Waltham, Massachusetts

text: .  In 2010 the company opened an office in

text: Portland, Oregon

text: .  In 2010 Sunlight Solar partnered with

text: Habitat for Humanity

text: to install 25 photovoltaic systems on new production high performance homes.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: radiant floor

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: performance expectations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar electric,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: off-grid solar electric systems.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: off-grid solar electric systems.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Central Oregon.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: SunPower photovoltaic panels.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar hot water,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: radiant floor

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: performance expectations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: RV's,

text: The 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located  southwest of Las Vegas, is the world’s largest solar-thermal power plant project which became fully operational on February 13, 2014. BrightSource Energy received a $1.6 billion loan guarantee from the United States Department of Energy to build the project, which deploys 347,000 heliostat mirrors focusing solar energy on boilers located on centralized solar power towers.  In February 2012, Ivanpah was awarded the CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) Project of the Year by Solar Power Generation USA.

text: The 392 MW

text: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

text: , located  southwest of Las Vegas, is the world’s largest solar-thermal power plant project which became fully operational on February 13, 2014.

text: BrightSource Energy

text: received a $1.6 billion loan guarantee from the

text: United States Department of Energy

text: to build the project, which deploys 347,000

text: heliostat

text: mirrors focusing

text: solar energy

text: on boilers located on centralized

text: solar power tower

text: s.  In February 2012, Ivanpah was awarded the CSP (

text: Concentrating Solar Power

text: ) Project of the Year by Solar Power Generation USA.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heliostat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Las Vegas

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostat

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar Power Generation USA

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy on boilers located on centralized solar power towers.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heliostat mirrors

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Las Vegas,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: southwest of Las Vegas,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostat mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: boilers located on centralized solar power towers.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: centralized solar power towers.

text: With a focus on solar power use in his designs, Disch continued in 1993 with an initiative to make Sport-Club Freiburg the first solar soccer team in Germany with photovoltaic panels to power their stadium.  Together with Coach Volker Finke, the Dreisam stadium in Freiburg was the first soccer stadium in Germany to install solar power, again to be followed by several club teams in the future.This pattern of pioneering swelled in 1995 when Disch revealed his groundbreaking Heliotrope design, a house that physically rotates with the sun to maximize sunlight and natural heat use.  The Heliotrope was the first building worldwide to have a positive energy balance, meaning it generates more energy than it consumes.  Different types of renewable and sustainable energy concepts in addition to solar power are used in the original Heliotrope, built in Freiburg’s renowned Vauban quarter.  It was the first of three revolving wonders to be built in Germany.  In line with his Heliotrope design, Disch’s PlusEnergy concept was born: create buildings that generate more energy than they use and sell the surplus of clean sustainable energy back into the power grid for profit. The key to the PlusEnergy concept was finding a solution not only for large expensive homes, like the Heliotrope, but rather also for the average sized and priced home.  Thus in 2000 Disch contracted and began the development of a 50 PlusEnergy home housing community, the Solar Settlement.  This PlusEnergy housing community was again revolutionary in that it was the first community in the world, in which every single home had a positive energy balance from which they received an annual profit from energy sales.  With triumph the Solar Settlement drew many believers, tenants and funding which led to yet another successful PlusEnergy project.Directly next to the Solar Settlement Disch built the Sun Ship.  The Sun Ship is the commercial accompaniment to the Solar Settlement and it includes . of commercial and retail space, while housing 9 PlusEnergy penthouses on its roof.  Though the unique style of retail, commercial and residential integration is used throughout Europe, this exceptional structure meets the PlusEnergy standard with a positive energy balance due to its utilization of the most up-to-date building technology.  The ingenuity of these projects has carried Rolf Disch and his architecture firm to the top of Germany’s solar totem poll and have demonstrated the perfect examples of modern sustainable development.

text: With a focus on solar power use in his designs, Disch continued in 1993 with an initiative to make

text: Sport-Club Freiburg

text: the first solar soccer team in Germany with photovoltaic panels to power their stadium.  Together with Coach

text: Volker Finke

text: , the

text: Dreisam stadium

text: in Freiburg was the first soccer stadium in Germany to install solar power, again to be followed by several club teams in the future.This pattern of pioneering swelled in 1995 when Disch revealed his groundbreaking

text: Heliotrope

text: design, a house that physically rotates with the sun to maximize sunlight and natural heat use.  The Heliotrope was the first building worldwide to have a positive energy balance, meaning it generates more energy than it consumes.  Different types of renewable and sustainable energy concepts in addition to solar power are used in the original Heliotrope, built in Freiburg’s renowned

text: Vauban

text: quarter.  It was the first of three revolving wonders to be built in Germany.  In line with his Heliotrope design, Disch’s

text: PlusEnergy

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Heliotrope design

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: generates more energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The Heliotrope was the first building worldwide to have a positive energy balance

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: natural heat

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: a house that physically rotates with the sun to maximize sunlight and natural heat

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: generates more energy than it consumes.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 9 PlusEnergy penthouses

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: generate more energy than they use and sell the surplus of clean sustainable energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar Settlement.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: large expensive homes,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: they use and sell the surplus of clean sustainable energy back into the power grid

text: David Danielson, program director for solar energy at ARPA-E said that "early indications show this could be one of our great success stories." ARPA-E's first director Arun Majumdar estimated that current techniques generate solar power at a cost of $4 per watt, and that bringing down that cost to $1.50 per watt could lead to the widespread adoption of solar energy. Company president Frank van Mierlo estimated that solar power generated using wafers from 1366 Technologies would be cheaper than power generated using coal.

text: David Danielson, program director for solar energy at ARPA-E said that "early indications show this could be one of our great success stories." ARPA-E's first director

text: Arun Majumdar

text: estimated that current techniques generate solar power at a cost of $4 per watt, and that bringing down that cost to $1.50 per watt could lead to the widespread adoption of solar energy. Company president Frank van Mierlo estimated that solar power generated using wafers from 1366 Technologies would be cheaper than power generated using coal.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: watts

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: wafers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of $4 per watt

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: coal.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: watt,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: $4 per watt,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: $4 per watt,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: wafers

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of $4 per watt,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: $1.50 per watt could lead to the widespread adoption of solar energy.

text: One type of solar desalination unit is a solar still, it is also similar to a condensation trap. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the Sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool inside plastic surface and drips down from the weighted low point, where it is collected and removed. The box type is more sophisticated. The basic principles of solar water distillation are simple, yet effective, as distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. The sun's energy heats water to the point of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water vapor rises, condensing on the glass surface for collection. This process removes impurities, such as salts and heavy metals, and eliminates microbiological organisms. The end result is water cleaner than the purest rainwater.

text: One type of solar desalination unit is a

text: solar still

text: , it is also similar to a condensation trap. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the Sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool inside plastic surface and drips down from the weighted low point, where it is collected and removed. The box type is more sophisticated. The basic principles of solar water distillation are simple, yet effective, as distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. The sun's energy heats water to the point of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water vapor rises, condensing on the glass surface for collection. This process removes impurities, such as salts and heavy metals, and eliminates microbiological organisms. The end result is water cleaner than the purest rainwater.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar stills

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: condensation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The sun's energy heats water to the point of evaporation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: heats water to the point of evaporation.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: water cleaner than the purest rainwater.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: One type of solar desalination unit is a solar still,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: sunlight shining through clear plastic.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: The sun's energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: condensation trap.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: microbiological organisms.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar desalination unit is a solar still,

text: In Generation 1 and Generation 2 HSDs, MG2 is directly connected to the ring gear, that is, a 1:1 ratio, and which offers no torque multiplication, whereas in Generation 3 HSDs, MG2 is connected to the ring gear through a 2.5:1 planetary gear set, and which, consequently, offers a 2.5:1 torque multiplication, this being a primary benefit of the Generation 3 HSD as it provides for a smaller, yet more powerful MG2. However, a secondary benefit is the MG1 will not be driven into overspeed as frequently, and which would otherwise mandate employing the ICE to mitigate this overspeed; this strategy improves HSD performance as well as saving fuel and wear-and-tear on the ICE.

text: In Generation 1 and Generation 2 HSDs, MG2 is directly connected to the ring gear, that is, a 1:1 ratio, and which offers no torque multiplication, whereas in Generation 3 HSDs, MG2 is connected to the ring gear through a 2.5:1 planetary gear set, and which, consequently, offers a 2.5:1 torque multiplication, this being a primary benefit of the Generation 3 HSD as it provides for a smaller, yet more powerful MG2. However, a secondary benefit is the MG1 will not be driven into overspeed as frequently, and which would otherwise mandate employing the ICE to mitigate this overspeed; this strategy improves HSD performance as well as saving fuel and wear-and-tear on the ICE.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: offers a 2.5:1 torque multiplication

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no torque multiplication

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 1:1 ratio, and which offers no torque multiplication,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: 1:1 ratio, and which offers no torque multiplication,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Generation 1 and Generation 2 HSDs,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: saving fuel and wear-and-tear on the ICE.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: In Generation 1

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: ring gear,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: MG2 is directly connected to the ring gear,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: torque multiplication,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no torque multiplication,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Generation 3

text: The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System is a concentrated solar thermal plant in the Mojave Desert. Located at the base of Clark Mountain in California, just over the state line between Primm, Nevada and Nipton, California, the plant has a gross capacity of 392 megawatts (MW). It deploys 173,500 heliostats, each with two mirrors, focusing solar energy on boilers located on three centralized solar power towers. Unit 1 of the project was connected to the grid in September 2013 in an initial sync testing. The facility formally opened on February 13, 2014, and it is currently the world's largest solar thermal power station.

text: The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System is a

text: concentrated solar thermal

text: plant in the

text: Mojave Desert

text: . Located at the base of

text: Clark Mountain

text: in California, just over the state line between

text: Primm, Nevada

text: and

text: Nipton, California

text: , the plant has a gross capacity of 392

text: megawatt

text: s (MW). It deploys 173,500

text: heliostat

text: s, each with two mirrors, focusing

text: solar energy

text: on boilers located on three centralized

text: solar power tower

text: s. Unit 1 of the project was connected to the grid in September 2013 in an initial sync testing. The facility formally opened on February 13, 2014, and it is currently the

text: world's largest

text: solar thermal power station.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a gross capacity of 392 megawatts (MW)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy on boilers

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: focusing solar energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Mojave Desert.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: heliostats,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: boilers

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a gross capacity of 392 megawatts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

text: Since there is no 'grid' power in space, most spacecraft today use solar power sources, mostly photovoltaic solar cells.    Powering lasers requires high levels of power, so the inefficiency of PV solar cells (usually less than 27% efficiency) motivates interest in solar pumping of lasers.Other potential benefits of solar-pumped lasers might be reduced weight and reduced number of components, affording higher reliability (reduced number of failure modes) versus an electrically pumped laser powered from PV cells. They can also be used for deep space communications, sensors for conditions on earth, detecting and tracking objects in space, as well as power transmission.

text: Since there is no 'grid' power in space, most spacecraft today use solar power sources, mostly

text: photovoltaic

text: solar cells.    Powering lasers requires high levels of power, so the inefficiency of PV solar cells (usually less than 27% efficiency) motivates interest in solar pumping of lasers.Other potential benefits of solar-pumped lasers might be reduced weight and reduced number of components, affording higher reliability (reduced number of failure modes) versus an electrically pumped laser powered from PV cells. They can also be used for

text: deep space communications

text: , sensors for conditions on earth, detecting and tracking objects in space, as well as power transmission.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar pumping

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: space

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduces weight

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: inefficiency of PV solar cells

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power transmission.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: most spacecraft today use solar power sources,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: higher reliability

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: photovoltaic solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: detecting and tracking objects in space, as well as power transmission.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: inefficiency of PV solar cells (usually less than 27% efficiency)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar-pumped lasers might be reduced weight and reduced number of components,

text: In the middle of 2014, CNBM took over all of the risks and benefits for 10 Ukrainian solar power plants, namely, Voskhod Solar, Neptun Solar, Franko Solar, Franko PV, Dunayskaya SES-1, Dunayskaya SES-2, Priozernaya-1, Priozernaya-2, Limanskaya Energy-1 and Limanskaya Energy-2.

text: In the middle of 2014, CNBM took over all of the risks and benefits for 10 Ukrainian solar power plants, namely, Voskhod Solar, Neptun Solar, Franko Solar, Franko PV, Dunayskaya SES-1, Dunayskaya SES-2, Priozernaya-1, Priozernaya-2, Limanskaya Energy-1 and Limanskaya Energy-2.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ukraine

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: risks

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Ukrainian solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power plants,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ukrainian solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 10 Ukrainian solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plants,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: risks and benefits

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 10 Ukrainian solar power plants,

text: Geographically is located to a place where exploitation of solar energy is most conducive, as it is 6th country in the world in terms of solar irradiance where sunshine availability is 8 to 10 hours per day in its most parts. Mini wind farming projects (1-50 kWatts) along with small solar farms scattered over remote inaccessible areas. Use of solar energy in rural villages of Pakistan with solar panels is growing on off-grid concept with increasing community systems.  The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme and the Sarhad Rural Support Programme (through Programme for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment) have been encouraging village organizations to promote and establish community based micro hydro power projects across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit–Baltistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Azad Jammu and Kashmir districts and villages. Both Rural Support Programmes have received the  Ashden Award in this regard. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government has also decided to increase the number of micro hydropower generation projects to 1000, with total power generation capacity of 100 megawatts (MW). There are several barriers that are keepng Pakistan from nationwide off grid electrification, in spite of enough wind, water and sun to poweroff grid communities in Pakistan but the rate of conversion from no energy to alternative energy remains slow.  As per World Bank Study, almost 44% of Pakistani households have no access to grid based electricity.  80% of this deprived population resides in remote and rural areas.

text: Geographically is located to a place where exploitation of solar energy is most conducive, as it is 6th country in the world in terms of solar irradiance where sunshine availability is 8 to 10 hours per day in its most parts. Mini wind farming projects (1-50 kWatts) along with small solar farms scattered over remote inaccessible areas. Use of solar energy in rural villages of Pakistan with solar panels is growing on off-grid concept with increasing community systems.  The

text: Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

text: and the

text: Sarhad Rural Support Programme

text: (through

entity_name: Programme for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment

text: Programme for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment

text: ) have been encouraging village organizations to promote and establish community based

text: micro hydro

text: power projects across

text: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

text: Gilgit–Baltistan

text: Federally Administered Tribal Areas

text: and

text: Azad Jammu and Kashmir

text: districts and villages. Both

text: Rural Support Programmes

text: have received the

text: Ashden Award

text: in this regard. The

text: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government

text: has also decided to increase the number of micro hydropower generation projects to 1000, with total power generation capacity of 100 megawatts (MW). There are several barriers that are keepng Pakistan from nationwide off grid electrification, in spite of enough wind, water and sun to poweroff grid communities in Pakistan but the rate of conversion from no energy to alternative energy remains slow.  As per

text: World Bank

text: Study, almost 44% of Pakistani households have no access to grid based electricity.  80% of this deprived population resides in remote and rural areas.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: irradiance

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Pakistan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 44% of Pakistani households have no access to grid based electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Mini wind farming projects

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: irradiance

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: sunshine availability is 8 to 10 hours per day

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunshine availability is 8 to 10 hours per day

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: sunshine availability is 8 to 10 hours per day

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the rate of conversion from no energy to alternative energy remains slow.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels

text: Some active SWH systems use energy obtained by a small photovoltaic (PV) panel to power one or more variable-speed DC pump(s). To ensure proper performance and longevity of the pump(s), the DC-pump and PV panel must be suitably matched. Some PV pumped solar thermal systems are of the antifreeze variety and some use freeze-tolerant solar collectors. The solar collectors will almost always be hot when the pump(s) are operating (i.e., when the sun is bright), and some do not use solar controllers. Sometimes, however, a differential controller (that can also be powered by the DC output of a PV panel) is used to prevent the operation of the pumps when there is sunlight to power the pump but the collectors are still cooler than the water in storage. One advantage of a PV-driven system is that solar hot water can still be collected during a power outage if the sun is shining. Another advantage is that the operational carbon clawback of using mains pumped solar thermal (which typically negates up to 23% of its carbon savings) is completely avoided.

text: Some active SWH systems use energy obtained by a small

text: photovoltaic

text: (PV)

text: panel

text: to power one or more variable-speed

text: DC

text: pump(s). To ensure proper performance and longevity of the pump(s), the DC-pump and PV panel must be suitably matched. Some PV pumped solar thermal systems are of the antifreeze variety and some use freeze-tolerant solar collectors. The solar collectors will almost always be hot when the pump(s) are operating (i.e., when the sun is bright), and some do not use solar controllers. Sometimes, however, a differential controller (that can also be powered by the DC output of a PV panel) is used to prevent the operation of the pumps when there is sunlight to power the pump but the collectors are still cooler than the water in storage. One advantage of a PV-driven system is that solar hot water can still be collected during a power outage if the sun is shining. Another advantage is that the operational carbon clawback of using mains pumped solar thermal (which typically negates up to 23% of its carbon savings) is completely avoided.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: SWH systems

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is completely avoided

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The solar collectors will almost always be hot when the pump(s) are operating

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: SWH systems use energy obtained by a small photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar hot water can still be collected during a power outage

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: The solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: freeze-tolerant solar collectors.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The solar collectors will almost always be hot

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: photovoltaic

text: The intensity of solar thermal energy from solar radiation at the surface of the earth is about , of area normal to the direction of the sun, under clear-sky conditions.  When solar energy is unconcentrated, the maximum collector temperature is about .  This is useful for space heating and heating water.  For higher temperature applications, such as cooking, or supplying a heat engine or turbine-electrical generator, this energy must be concentrated.

text: The intensity of

text: solar thermal energy

text: from

text: solar radiation

text: at the surface of the

text: earth

text: is about , of area

text: normal

text: to the direction of the

text: sun

text: , under clear-sky conditions.  When solar energy is unconcentrated, the maximum collector temperature is about .  This is useful for space heating and heating water.  For higher temperature applications, such as

text: cooking

text: , or supplying a

text: heat engine

text: or

text: turbine

text: electrical generator

text: , this energy must be concentrated.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is more environmentally friendly

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: When solar energy is unconcentrated

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy is unconcentrated,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal energy from solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The intensity of solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The intensity of solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: turbine-electrical generator,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heating water.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: When solar energy is unconcentrated,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: heat engine or turbine-electrical generator,

text: Typically such systems require substantial amounts of power.  For space-based systems, this might require either some form of nuclear power, or power from a Space-Based Solar Power satellite.  Many proponents of Space-Based Solar Power imagine one of the benefits of such an infrastructure includes the ability to divert asteroids and comets are alter their trajectory for exploitation via asteroid mining, as well as for laser-sail based interstellar propulsion.

text: Typically such systems require substantial amounts of power.  For space-based systems, this might require either some form of nuclear power, or power from a

text: Space-Based Solar Power

text: satellite.  Many proponents of

text: Space-Based Solar Power

text: imagine one of the benefits of such an infrastructure includes the ability to divert asteroids and comets are alter their trajectory for exploitation via

text: asteroid mining

text: , as well as for

text: laser-sail

text: based

text: interstellar propulsion

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Space-Based Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used in space

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lasers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Space-Based Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Space-Based Solar Power satellite.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Space-Based Solar Power satellite.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Space-Based Solar Power satellite.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: ability to divert asteroids and comets are alter their trajectory

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Space-Based Solar Power satellite.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: laser-sail

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Space-Based Solar Power satellite.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: nuclear power,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Typically such systems require substantial amounts of power.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Space-Based Solar Power satellite.

text: Spain has long been a leader in renewable energy, and has recently become the first country in the world to have relied on wind as its top energy source for an entire year. The country is attempting to use wind power to supply 40 percent of its electricity consumption by 2020.At the same time, Spain is also developing other renewable sources of energy, particularly solar photovoltaic. Though it currently only accounts for about 3 percent of electricity generation, Spain’s solar industry is one of the largest in the world, according to Al Jazeera. In 2012, it reported that solar power accounted for almost 2,000 megawatts of energy. Comparatively in the United States, there were 3,313 megawatts of solar photovoltaic installations that same year.Though the U.S. may have more solar cumulatively, Spain’s solar makes up more of the smaller country’s electricity use as a whole. In 2013, solar accounted for about 0.2 percent of the net electricity produced in the United States, according to the Institute for Energy Research. That same year, solar accounted for 3.1 percent of Spain’s total electricity, according to REE.Spain’s renewable energy story hasn't been all good news. The country’s aggressive goals have been heavily subsidized by its government, and the government has fallen into economic distress as a result. Specifically, the New York Times reported in 2013 that Spain’s tariff deficit had built up a cumulative debt of about €26 billion ($35 billion). Since then, however, the country has slashed its subsidies, putting the bulk of costs back on the power utilities themselves.The subsidy cuts happened last summer, and since then renewable energy has not significantly grown in the country as a whole. But it has grown substantially in at least one part of Spain — the tiny island of El Hierro, which is nearing its goal to be powered 100 percent by wind and water.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it currently only accounts for about 3 percent of electricity generation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar photovoltaic.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar photovoltaic.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Spain’s

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar photovoltaic.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar photovoltaic.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: wind and water.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it currently only accounts for about 3 percent of electricity generation,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 100 percent by wind and water.

text: Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). Newer renewable electricity sources are targeted to grow massively by 2022, including a more than doubling of India's large wind power capacity and an almost 15 fold increase in solar power from April 2016 levels. Such ambitious targets would place India amongst the world leaders in renewable energy use and place India at the centre of its International Solar Alliance project promoting the growth and development of solar power internationally to over 120 countries.

text: Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). Newer renewable electricity sources are targeted to grow massively by 2022, including a more than doubling of India's large wind power capacity and an almost 15 fold increase in solar power from April 2016 levels. Such ambitious targets would place India amongst the world leaders in renewable energy use and place India at the centre of its

text: International Solar Alliance

text: project promoting the growth and development of solar power internationally to over 120 countries.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: wind power capacity and an almost 15 fold increase in solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable electricity sources are targeted to grow massively by 2022,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Newer renewable electricity sources are targeted to grow massively by 2022,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: wind power capacity and an almost 15 fold increase in solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 15 fold increase in solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Newer renewable electricity sources are targeted to grow massively by 2022,

text: Amonix, Inc. is a solar power system developer based in Seal Beach, California. The company manufactures concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) products designed for installation in sunny and dry climates. CPV products convert sunlight into electrical energy in the same way that conventional solar photovoltaic technology does, except that they use optics to focus the solar radiation before the light is absorbed by solar cells. According to a comparative study of energy production of solar technologies, CPV systems require no water for energy production and produce more energy per megawatt (MW) installed than traditional PV systems. Amonix has nearly 70 Megawatts(DC) of CPV solar power systems deployed globally, including Southwestern U.S.  and Spain. In May 2012, the Alamosa Solar Generating project, owned and operated by Cogentrix Energy, began commercial operation. This is the largest CPV power plant in the world and is expected to produce enough clean renewable energy per year to power more than 6,500 homes and will avoid the emissions of over 43,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. The Alamosa Solar Generating Project is supported by a power purchase agreement (PPA), which is a long-term agreement to sell the power it will generate.  Under the project’s PPA, the Public Service Company of Colorado will buy the power generated by the solar facility for the next 20 years.  In July 2012, Amonix set the world record for photovoltaic module efficiency at 33.5% (full regression analysis) under nominal operating conditions, verified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.  In April 2013, Amonix broke the record set in July 2012, demonstrating photovoltaic module efficiency at 34.9% (full regression analysis) under normal concentrator standard operating conditions (CSOC), also verified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.  In August 2013, Amonix announced it had achieved a 35.9% photovoltaic module efficiency rating under concentrator standard test conditions (CSTC) as calculated by NREL.  In June, 2014, the assets of Amonix were acquired by Arzon Solar, LLC for the purpose of continued development of CPV technology and products.

text: Amonix, Inc. is a

text: solar power

text: system developer based in

text: Seal Beach, California

text: . The company manufactures

text: concentrator photovoltaic

text: (CPV) products designed for installation in sunny and dry climates. CPV products convert sunlight into electrical energy in the same way that conventional

text: solar photovoltaic

text: technology does, except that they use optics to focus the solar radiation before the light is absorbed by solar cells. According to a comparative study of energy production of solar technologies, CPV systems require no water for energy production and produce more energy per megawatt (MW) installed than traditional PV systems. Amonix has nearly 70 Megawatts(DC) of CPV solar power systems deployed globally, including

text: Southwestern U.S.

text: and

text: Spain

text: . In May 2012, the Alamosa Solar Generating project, owned and operated by Cogentrix Energy, began commercial operation. This is the largest CPV power plant in the world and is expected to produce enough clean renewable energy per year to power more than 6,500 homes and will avoid the emissions of over 43,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. The Alamosa Solar Generating Project is supported by a

text: power purchase agreement

text: (PPA), which is a long-term agreement to sell the power it will generate.  Under the project’s PPA, the Public Service Company of Colorado will buy the power generated by the solar facility for the next 20 years.  In July 2012, Amonix set the

text: world record

text: for photovoltaic module efficiency at 33.5% (full regression analysis) under nominal operating conditions, verified by the

text: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

text: .  In April 2013, Amonix broke the record set in July 2012, demonstrating photovoltaic module efficiency at 34.9% (full regression analysis) under normal concentrator standard operating conditions (CSOC), also verified by the

text: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

text: .  In August 2013, Amonix announced it had achieved a 35.9% photovoltaic module efficiency rating under concentrator standard test conditions (CSTC) as calculated by NREL.  In June, 2014, the assets of Amonix were acquired by Arzon Solar, LLC for the purpose of continued development of CPV technology and products.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Amonix, Inc

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: CPV systems require no water for energy production

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: optics

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: CPV systems require no water

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 33.5%

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: light is absorbed by solar cells.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: CPV products convert sunlight

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: produce more energy per megawatt (MW) installed

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Southwestern U.S.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: optics

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: CPV systems require no water

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: water

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: they use optics to focus the solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 33.5%

text: A principle has been proposed for solar power generation, using a large greenhouse at the base rather than relying solely on heating the chimney itself. (For further information on this issue, see Solar updraft tower.)

text: A

text: principle

text: has been proposed for

text: solar power

text: generation, using a large

text: greenhouse

text: at the base rather than relying solely on heating the chimney itself. (For further information on this issue, see

text: Solar updraft tower

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heating the chimney itself

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar updraft tower.)

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power generation,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power generation,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: heating the chimney itself.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power generation, using a large greenhouse

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar updraft tower.)

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: chimney itself.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar updraft tower.)

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: relying solely on heating the chimney itself.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power generation,

text: that minimises the overall energy used by the rocket. This comes to an exhaust velocity of about ⅔ of the mission delta-v (see the energy computed from the rocket equation). Drives with a specific impulse that is both high and fixed such as Ion thrusters have exhaust velocities that can be enormously higher than this ideal, and thus end up powersource limited and give very low thrust. Where the vehicle performance is power limited, e.g. if solar power or nuclear power is used, then in the case of a large

text: that minimises the overall energy used by the rocket. This comes to an exhaust velocity of about ⅔ of the mission delta-v (see

text: the energy computed from the rocket equation

text: ). Drives with a specific impulse that is both high and fixed such as Ion thrusters have exhaust velocities that can be enormously higher than this ideal, and thus end up powersource limited and give very low thrust. Where the vehicle performance is power limited, e.g. if

text: solar power

text: or nuclear power is used, then in the case of a large

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ion thrusters

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: a lot of sunlight

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a large ;

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: power limited,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: powersource limited and give very low thrust.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: minimises the overall energy used by the rocket.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: powersource limited and give very low thrust.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Ion thrusters

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Ion thrusters

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: exhaust velocity

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: powersource limited and give very low thrust.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: powersource limited and give very low thrust.

text: In 2005, Arizona Public Service (APS) partnered with the City of Yuma to develop a solar garden as a solar demonstration area. The solar garden consists of twenty-four photo-voltaic energy panels that produce 3,600 watts of power that is directed to the City of Yuma electrical grid and provides power for the lighting within the park. Approximately twenty homes can be powered with this energy. The output of a single tracker is displayed in the ramada in front of the solar garden. They rotate 80 degrees from the East in the morning to the West in the afternoon.  After dark they utilise a very small amount from the grid to move the panels to face the East. The solar garden is owned and maintained by APS.

text: In 2005, Arizona Public Service (APS) partnered with the City of Yuma to develop a solar garden as a solar demonstration area. The solar garden consists of twenty-four photo-voltaic energy panels that produce 3,600 watts of power that is directed to the City of Yuma electrical grid and provides power for the lighting within the park. Approximately twenty homes can be powered with this energy. The output of a single tracker is displayed in the ramada in front of the solar garden. They rotate 80 degrees from the East in the morning to the West in the afternoon.  After dark they utilise a very small amount from the grid to move the panels to face the East. The solar garden is owned and maintained by APS.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photo-voltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Yuma

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Approximately twenty homes can be powered

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Approximately twenty homes can be powered with this energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photo-voltaic energy panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photo-voltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar garden

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Approximately twenty homes can be powered with this energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Arizona Public Service (APS) partnered with the City of Yuma

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photo-voltaic energy panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photo-voltaic energy panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photo-voltaic energy panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a very small amount from the grid to move the panels to face the East.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Approximately twenty homes

text: A solar fan is a mechanical fan powered by solar panels. The solar panels are either mounted on the device or are installed independently. Solar fans mostly do not require secondary power sources other than solar power, as most of them are used for cooling purposes during day time. Some types are also used for heating purposes. It runs the fastest when it is the hottest outside providing savings on air conditioning costs.

text: A solar fan is a

text: mechanical fan

text: powered by

text: solar panel

text: s. The solar panels are either mounted on the device or are installed independently. Solar fans mostly do not require secondary power sources other than

text: solar power

text: , as most of them are used for cooling purposes during day time. Some types are also used for heating purposes. It runs the fastest when it is the hottest outside providing savings on air conditioning costs.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not require secondary power sources

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar panels are either mounted on the device

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar fan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar fans mostly do not require secondary power sources other than solar power,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar fan is a mechanical fan powered by solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar fans mostly do not require secondary power sources other than solar power,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels.

text: Installation of solar power plants require nearly 2.4 hectares (6 acres) land per MW capacity which is similar to coal-fired power plants  when life cycle coal mining, consumptive water storage & ash disposal areas are also accounted and hydro power plants when submergence area of water reservoir is also accounted. 1.33 million MW capacity solar plants can be installed in India on its 1% land (32,000 square km). There are vast tracts of land suitable for solar power in all parts of India exceeding 8% of its total area which are unproductive barren and devoid of vegetation. Part of waste lands (32,000 square km) when installed with solar power plants can produce 2000 billion kWh of electricity (two times the total generation in 2013-14) with land productivity/yield of 1.25 million Rs per acre (5 Rs/kWh price) which is at par with many industrial areas and many times more than the best productive irrigated agriculture lands. Moreover, these solar power units are not dependent on supply of any raw material and are self productive. There is unlimited scope for solar electricity to replace all fossil fuel energy requirements (natural gas, coal, lignite and crude oil) if all the marginally productive lands are occupied by solar power plants in future. The solar power potential of India can meet perennially to cater per capita energy consumption at par with USA/Japan for the peak population in its demographic transition.

text: Installation of

text: solar power

text: demographic transition

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: India

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: self productive

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 2.4 hectares (6 acres) land per MW capacity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: coal-fired power plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: kWh of electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: not dependent on supply of any raw material and are self productive.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: USA/Japan

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power units

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power units

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: coal-fired power plants

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unproductive barren and devoid of vegetation.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: There is unlimited scope for solar electricity to replace all fossil fuel energy requirements

text: Abengoa Solar owns Europe's first commercially operating concentrating solar power plant, the  PS10 Solar Power Plant, that use the solar power tower technology, a form of concentrated solar thermal technology. The Spanish plant was featured in an episode of World's Strangest on the SciFi network.

text: Abengoa Solar owns Europe's first commercially operating concentrating solar power plant, the

text: PS10 Solar Power Plant

text: , that use the

text: solar power tower

text: technology, a form of

text: concentrated solar thermal

text: technology. The Spanish plant was featured in an episode of World's Strangest on the SciFi network.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Europe

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power towers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: concentrated solar thermal technology

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrating solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: concentrating solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: concentrating solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power tower

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal technology.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: concentrating solar power plant,

text: A solar-powered refrigerator is a refrigerator which runs on energy directly provided by sun, and may include photovoltaic or solar thermal energy.

text: A solar-powered refrigerator is a

text: refrigerator

text: which runs on energy directly provided by sun, and may include

text: photovoltaic

text: or

text: solar thermal

text: energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered refrigerators

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar-powered refrigerator

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: directly provided by sun,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: sun,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic or solar thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: photovoltaic or solar thermal energy.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar-powered refrigerator

text: The infirm or unreliable secondary power from the renewable energy such as solar and wind power plants can be used to follow the load or stabilise the grid frequency with the help of battery storage units economically.  When the grid frequency is below the desired or rated value, the power being generated (if any) and the stored battery power is fed to the grid to raise the grid frequency. When the grid frequency is above the desired or rated value, the power being generated is fed or surplus grid power is drawn (in case cheaply available) to the battery units for energy storage. The grid frequency keeps on fluctuating 50 to 100 times in a day above and below the rated value depending on the type of load encountered and the type of generating plants in the electrical grid. Recently, the cost of battery units, solar power plants, etc. have come down drastically to utilise secondary power for power grid stabilization as an on line spinning reserve.

text: The infirm or unreliable secondary power from the renewable energy such as solar and wind power plants can be used to follow the load or stabilise the grid frequency with the help of

text: battery

text: storage units economically.  When the grid frequency is below the desired or rated value, the power being generated (if any) and the stored battery power is fed to the grid to raise the grid frequency. When the grid frequency is above the desired or rated value, the power being generated is fed or surplus grid power is drawn (in case cheaply available) to the battery units for energy storage. The grid frequency keeps on fluctuating 50 to 100 times in a day above and below the rated value depending on the type of load encountered and the type of generating plants in the electrical grid. Recently, the cost of battery units, solar power plants, etc. have come down drastically to utilise secondary power for power grid stabilization as an on line

text: spinning reserve

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaply available

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable secondary power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: secondary power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar and wind power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The infirm or unreliable secondary power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar and wind power plants

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar and wind power plants

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The infirm or unreliable secondary power from the renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar and wind power plants

text: The Solar thermal rocket would make use of solar power to directly heat reaction mass, and therefore does not require an electrical generator as most other forms of solar-powered propulsion do. A solar thermal rocket only has to carry the means of capturing solar energy, such as concentrators and mirrors. The heated propellant is fed through a conventional rocket nozzle to produce thrust. The engine thrust is directly related to the surface area of the solar collector and to the local intensity of the solar radiation and inversely proportional to the I.

text: The

text: Solar thermal rocket

text: would make use of solar power to directly heat

text: reaction mass

text: , and therefore does not require an electrical generator as most other forms of solar-powered propulsion do. A solar thermal rocket only has to carry the means of capturing solar energy, such as

text: concentrator

text: s and

text: mirror

text: s. The heated propellant is fed through a conventional rocket nozzle to produce thrust. The engine thrust is directly related to the surface area of the solar collector and to the local intensity of the solar radiation and inversely proportional to the I.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Solar thermal rocket

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not require an electrical generator

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrators

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: electrical generator as most other forms of solar-powered propulsion do

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Solar thermal rocket

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not require an electrical generator

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Solar thermal rocket would make use of solar power to directly heat reaction mass,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrators and mirrors.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power to directly heat reaction mass,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat reaction mass,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: A solar thermal rocket only has to carry the means of capturing solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Solar thermal rocket

text: Solar panels have similar issues due to the speed at which the cell can convert solar photons into electrons, ambient temperature, and a host of other issues. In this case there is a complex non-linear relationship between voltage, current and the total amount of power being produced, the "I-V curve". In order to optimize collection, modern solar arrays use a technique known as "maximum power point tracking" (MPPT) to monitor the total output of the array and continually adjust the presented load to keep the system operation at its peak efficiency point.

text: Solar panels have similar issues due to the speed at which the cell can convert solar

text: photon

text: s into

text: electron

text: s, ambient temperature, and a host of other issues. In this case there is a complex non-linear relationship between voltage, current and the total amount of power being produced, the "I-V curve". In order to optimize collection, modern solar arrays use a technique known as "

text: maximum power point tracking

text: " (MPPT) to monitor the total output of the array and continually adjust the presented load to keep the system operation at its peak efficiency point.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: efficiency

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the speed at which the cell can convert solar photons into electrons, ambient temperature

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar photons into electrons,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar panels

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: speed at which the cell can convert solar photons into electrons,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar panels

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar photons into electrons,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "I-V curve".

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the speed at which the cell can convert solar photons into electrons,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar panels

text: Because solar and wind projects produce power where it is used, they provide a safe, reliable and cost effective solution. Because transmission equipment is avoided, these systems are more secure, and less vulnerable to attack. This can be an important feature in regions prone to conflict. Wind and solar power systems are simple to set up, easy to operate, easy to repair, and durable. Wind resources and solar resource are abundant enough to provide all of the electrical energy requirements of rural populations, and this can be done in remote and otherwise fragmented low density areas that are impractical to address using conventional grid based systems.

text: Because solar and wind projects produce power where it is used, they provide a safe, reliable and cost effective solution. Because transmission equipment is avoided, these systems are more secure, and less vulnerable to attack. This can be an important feature in regions prone to conflict. Wind and solar power systems are simple to set up, easy to operate, easy to repair, and durable. Wind resources and solar resource are abundant enough to provide all of the electrical energy requirements of rural populations, and this can be done in remote and otherwise fragmented low density areas that are impractical to address using conventional grid based systems.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: rural populations

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is more secure, and less vulnerable to attack

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar and wind

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind projects produce power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: rural populations,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more secure, and less vulnerable to attack.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Wind resources and solar resource

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: transmission equipment

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar and wind

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar and wind

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: vulnerable to attack.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Wind and solar power systems

text: Solar power – the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

text: Solar power

text: – the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power is a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: conversion of sunlight into electricity,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: In spite of the fact that Kazakhstan is located northward between latitudes 42 and 55, the potential solar radiation is significant and may produce 1300-1800 kWh per square meter. Due to the continental climate the number of solar hours is about 2200-3000 per year, making solar energy use possible.The main area of solar energy use is the generation of hot water using solar collectors, or ‘suntraps’. According to estimates of local experts it is possible to generate about 13 million Gcal of heat for heating water supplies, allowing savings of more than 1 million tons of petroleum equivalent. The use of solar panels for heating water can be carried out both on boiler systems for a central heat supply and a heat supply for individual buildings. Now, with the support of UNDP and the Canadian Agency for International Development a pilot project is being carried out on the use of solar collectors in one boiler-house in Almaty.In Kazakhstan there is great demand for solar collectors to heat water. However, they have not yet found wide application due to their high cost, at around 200-300 USD per 1 sq. meter. However it is possible to significantly decrease the cost and expand the scale of their application if the solar collectors can be produced locally.The other area of potential solar power use is the generation of electricity with the help of photo¬electric converters. Photo-electric panels can be used to generate electricity in small quantities for such needs as illumination, tele-radio broadcasting on small agricultural farms and shepherd camps. According to estimates from research conducted under the framework of ESMAP, application of small solar photo-electric panels with batteries can work out even more economical than the use of kerosene lamps for lighting. The possible market for 20-watt solar photo-electric panels in Kazakhstan should be about 20,000 units.There are also opportunities for photo-electric panels’ application to operate small electric pumps to raise water from underground wells. A combination of photo-electric panels and wind-driven power plants for water pumps is also possible and will increase the reliability of water-supply. With the UNDP framework it is planned to implement a pilot project on water supply in remote areas in the Aral region, using photo-electric panels and wind-driven power plants which will produce electricity for pumps and a desalinization plant for preparation of potable water. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, MEP, and the Ministry of Education and Science are jointly developing a Programme on “Energy Saving and Development of Alternative Sources of Energy”.

text: In spite of the fact that

text: Kazakhstan

text: is located northward between latitudes 42 and 55, the potential solar radiation is significant and may produce 1300-1800 kWh per square meter. Due to the continental climate the number of solar hours is about 2200-3000 per year, making

text: solar energy

text: use possible.The main area of solar energy use is the generation of hot water using solar collectors, or ‘suntraps’. According to estimates of local experts it is possible to generate about 13 million Gcal of heat for heating water supplies, allowing savings of more than 1 million tons of petroleum equivalent. The use of solar panels for heating water can be carried out both on boiler systems for a central heat supply and a heat supply for individual buildings. Now, with the support of UNDP and the Canadian Agency for International Development a pilot project is being carried out on the use of solar collectors in one boiler-house in Almaty.In

text: Kazakhstan

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Kazakhstan

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can work out even more economical

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar collectors

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high cost, at around 200-300 USD per 1 sq. meter

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photo<unk>electric converters.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the potential solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: savings of more than 1 million tons of petroleum equivalent.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: wind-driven power plants

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar collectors,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar collectors,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar collectors,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high cost,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: photo<unk>electric converters.

text: Solar Power International is a solar power conference, in 2008 was touted as the largest solar power conference in North America. The conference was previously called Solar Power Conference and Expo, and was created in 2004 when the Solar Electric Power Association (SEPA) and the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) joined together to organize an annual event to bring together companies and professionals from all parts of the solar industry. The conference consists of two main elements: an exhibition hall where companies have booths to promote their products and services; and conference sessions where panels of solar industry experts share ideas and success stories.Solar Power International 2010 was held at the Los Angeles Convention CenterOctober 12–14. The 2013 Conference was held on Oct 21-24 in Chicago, Ill at McCormick Place Convention Center and the 2014 Conference will be held on Oct 20-23 at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Las Vegas, Nevada

text: Solar Power International is a solar power conference, in 2008 was touted as the largest solar power conference in North America. The conference was previously called

text: Solar Power Conference and Expo

text: , and was created in 2004 when the

text: Solar Electric Power Association

text: (SEPA) and the

text: Solar Energy Industries Association

text: (SEIA) joined together to organize an annual event to bring together companies and professionals from all parts of the solar industry. The conference consists of two main elements: an exhibition hall where companies have booths to promote their products and services; and conference sessions where panels of solar industry experts share ideas and success stories.Solar Power International 2010 was held at the Los Angeles Convention CenterOctober 12–14. The 2013 Conference was held on Oct 21-24 in Chicago, Ill at McCormick Place Convention Center and the 2014 Conference will be held on Oct 20-23 at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Las Vegas, Nevada

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar Electric Power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar Power International

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar industry.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar Energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar industry.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: largest solar power conference in North America.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Los Angeles

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar industry experts

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar industry.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar industry.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar Power International

text: Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s.  The 354 MW SEGS CSP installation is the largest solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California.  Other large CSP plants include the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW) and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain. The over 200 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in the United States, and the 214 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic plants. Solar power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 1%.

text: Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s.  The 354 MW

text: SEGS

text: CSP installation is the largest solar power plant in the world, located in the

text: Mojave Desert

text: of California.  Other large CSP plants include the

text: Solnova Solar Power Station

text: (150 MW) and the

text: Andasol solar power station

text: (150 MW), both in Spain. The over 200 MW

text: Agua Caliente Solar Project

text: in the United States, and the 214 MW

text: Charanka Solar Park

text: in India, are the

text: world’s largest

text: photovoltaic plant

text: s. Solar power's share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 1%.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 1%

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 1%.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 1%.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Mojave Desert of California.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power plants

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic plants.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 1%.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Commercial concentrated solar power plants

text: Nzema Solar Power Station is a  solar power plant, under construction in Ghana. When completed as expected in October 2016, the power station will be the largest solar power installation on the African continent.

text: Nzema Solar Power Station is a

text: solar

text: power plant, under construction in

text: Ghana

text: . When completed as expected in October 2016, the power station will be the largest solar power installation on the

text: Africa

text: n continent.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ghana

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ghana.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: largest solar power installation on the African continent.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Nzema Solar Power Station is a solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Nzema Solar Power Station

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plant,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: largest solar power installation on the African continent.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Nzema Solar Power Station

text: Solar power provides a readily available power source for thermal processing. Even with heat alone, simple thermally-fused materials can be used for basic construction of stable structures. Bulk soil from the Moon or asteroids has a very low water content, and when melted to form glassy materials is very durable. These simple, glassy solids can be used for the assembly of habitats on the surface of the Moon or elsewhere. The solar energy can be concentrated in the manufacturing area using an array of steerable mirrors.

text: Solar power

text: provides a readily available power source for thermal processing. Even with heat alone, simple thermally-fused materials can be used for basic construction of stable structures. Bulk soil from the Moon or asteroids has a very low water content, and when melted to form glassy materials is very durable. These simple,

text: glass

text: y solids can be used for the assembly of habitats on the surface of the Moon or elsewhere. The solar energy can be concentrated in the manufacturing area using an array of steerable

text: mirror

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: direct sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: readily available

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Bulk soil from the Moon or asteroids has a very low water content

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power provides a readily available power source for thermal processing.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: steerable mirrors.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: thermal processing.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: readily available power source for thermal processing.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power provides a readily available power source for thermal processing.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: steerable mirrors.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermally-fused

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low water content,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: an array of steerable mirrors.

text: Thermodynamic benefits are that daily steam turbine startup losses are eliminated.  Major factors limiting the load output of a combined cycle power plant are the allowed pressure and temperature transients of the steam turbine and the heat recovery steam generator waiting times to establish required steam chemistry conditions and warm-up times for the balance of plant and the main piping system. Those limitations also influence the fast start-up capability of the gas turbine by requiring waiting times. And waiting gas turbines consume gas. The solar component, if the plant is started after sunshine, or before, if we have heat storage, allows us to preheat the steam to the required conditions. That is, the plant is started faster and we consume less gas before achieving operating conditions. Economic benefits are that the solar components costs are 25% to 75% those of a Solar Energy Generating Systems plant of the same collector surface.

text: Thermodynamic benefits are that daily steam turbine startup losses are eliminated.  Major factors limiting the load output of a combined cycle power plant are the allowed pressure and temperature transients of the steam turbine and the heat recovery steam generator waiting times to establish required steam chemistry conditions and warm-up times for the balance of plant and the main piping system. Those limitations also influence the fast start-up capability of the gas turbine by requiring waiting times. And waiting gas turbines consume gas. The solar component, if the plant is started after sunshine, or before, if we have heat storage, allows us to preheat the steam to the required conditions. That is, the plant is started faster and we consume less gas before achieving operating conditions. Economic benefits are that the solar components costs are 25% to 75% those of a

text: Solar Energy Generating Systems

text: plant of the same collector surface.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar component

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Thermodynamic benefits

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: collectors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Thermodynamic benefits are that daily steam turbine startup losses are eliminated

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: combined cycle power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: heat storage,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The solar component,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: daily steam turbine startup losses are eliminated.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The solar component, if the plant is started after sunshine,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: collector surface.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar component,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat storage,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: allowed pressure and temperature transients of the steam turbine

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The solar component,

text: A solar car is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the car. Solar panels cannot currently be used to directly supply a car with a suitable amount of power at this time, but they can be used to extend the range of electric vehicles. They are raced in competitions such as the World Solar Challenge and the North American Solar Challenge. These events are often sponsored by Government agencies such as the United States Department of Energy keen to promote the development of alternative energy technology such as solar cells and electric vehicles. Such challenges are often entered by universities to develop their students engineering and technological skills as well as motor vehicle manufacturers such as GM and Honda.

text: A solar car is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the car. Solar panels cannot currently be used to directly supply a car with a suitable amount of power at this time, but they can be used to extend the range of electric vehicles. They are raced in competitions such as the World Solar Challenge and the North American Solar Challenge. These events are often sponsored by Government agencies such as the United States Department of Energy keen to promote the development of

text: alternative energy

text: technology such as solar cells and electric vehicles. Such challenges are often entered by universities to develop their students engineering and technological skills as well as motor vehicle manufacturers such as GM and Honda.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: can be used to extend the range of electric vehicles

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar car

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: extend the range of electric vehicles.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar panels

text: In a broader sense, this transition also entails a democratization of energy.In the traditional energy industry, a few large companies with large centralized power stations dominate the market as an oligopoly and consequently amass a worrisome level of both economic and political power. Renewable energies, in contrast, can, as a rule, be established in a decentralized manner.  Public wind farms and solar parks can involve many citizens directly in energy production.Photovoltaic systems can even be set up by individuals.  Municipal utilities can also benefit citizens financially, while the conventional energy industry profits a relatively small number of shareholders.  Also significant, the decentralized structure of renewable energies enables creation of value locally and minimizes capital outflows from a region.  Renewable energy sources therefore play an increasingly important role in municipal energy policy, and local governments often promote them.

text: In a broader sense, this transition also entails a

text: democratization

text: of energy.In the traditional energy industry, a few large companies with large centralized power stations dominate the market as an oligopoly and consequently amass a worrisome level of both economic and political power. Renewable energies, in contrast, can, as a rule, be established in a decentralized manner.  Public wind farms and solar parks can involve many citizens directly in energy production.Photovoltaic systems can even be set up by individuals.  Municipal utilities can also benefit citizens financially, while the conventional energy industry profits a relatively small number of shareholders.  Also significant, the decentralized structure of renewable energies enables creation of value locally and minimizes capital outflows from a region.  Renewable energy sources therefore play an increasingly important role in municipal energy policy, and local governments often promote them.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar parks

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can involve many citizens directly in energy production

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a relatively small number of shareholders

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: production.Photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: production.Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar parks

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: creation of value locally and minimizes capital outflows from a region.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar parks

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: production.Photovoltaic systems can even be set up by individuals.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: production.Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: production.Photovoltaic systems

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a relatively small number of shareholders.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Renewable energies,

text: Comic Book Resources gave AVX: Consequences #1 four out of five stars, stating "With this strong first issue, [AVX: Consequences] feels like a project that's on track for a strong finish. With a strong focus and momentum already moving forward, this feels in some ways to have the drive that the parent series could have benefited from, too". CBR gave issue #2 three stars, exclaming "Only about half of this book works. The first half feels mostly like bluster... However, when Cyclops begins to make his case, both for accepting responsibility and his unwillingness to take it all back because the end result is just too important, the book begins to sing. CBR gave issue #3 three-and-a-half stars, writing "As a direct epilogue to AvX, Consequences succeeds where the Fear Itself Point One issues and Fearless maxiseries missed their beats -- it builds on the event as opposed to eradicating it, giving readers a solid followup story dissecting the ramifications AvX has had on the Marvel Universe's major players". CBR gave issue #4 three stars, commenting that "as a de facto X-Men title between cancellations and launches, it's doing its job. And crucially, it's leaving characters in a more interesting place than where it found them, which means it's doing its job well". CBR gave issue #5 four stars, saying "In AvX: Consequences #5, Kieron Gillen and Gabriel Hernandez Walta do exactly what they should: deliver a strong and logical conclusion to this weekly mini-series".

text: Comic Book Resources gave AVX: Consequences #1 four out of five stars, stating "With this strong first issue, [AVX: Consequences] feels like a project that's on track for a strong finish. With a strong focus and momentum already moving forward, this feels in some ways to have the drive that the parent series could have benefited from, too". CBR gave issue #2 three stars, exclaming "Only about half of this book works. The first half feels mostly like bluster... However, when Cyclops begins to make his case, both for accepting responsibility and his unwillingness to take it all back because the end result is just too important, the book begins to sing. CBR gave issue #3 three-and-a-half stars, writing "As a direct epilogue to AvX, Consequences succeeds where the

text: Fear Itself Point One

text: issues and Fearless maxiseries missed their beats -- it builds on the event as opposed to eradicating it, giving readers a solid followup story dissecting the ramifications AvX has had on the Marvel Universe's major players". CBR gave issue #4 three stars, commenting that "as a de facto X-Men title between cancellations and launches, it's doing its job. And crucially, it's leaving characters in a more interesting place than where it found them, which means it's doing its job well". CBR gave issue #5 four stars, saying "In AvX: Consequences #5, Kieron Gillen and Gabriel Hernandez Walta do exactly what they should: deliver a strong and logical conclusion to this weekly mini-series".

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: AVX

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: CBR gave issue #4 three-and-a-half stars

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: followup story

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Cyclops

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Cyclops

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: more interesting

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Cyclops

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Kieron Gillen and Gabriel Hernandez

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: #4

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Cyclops

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The first half feels mostly like bluster...

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: #4

text: Solar power in North Dakota is a little-used resource. The state ranked 51st on installed solar power in the United States, with 220 kW of installed capacity. Solar on rooftops can provide 24.6% of all electricity used in North Dakota from 3,300 MW of solar panels. The most cost effective applications for solar panels is for pumping water at remote wells where solar panels can be installed for $800 vs. running power lines for $15,000/mile.

text: Solar power in North Dakota is a little-used resource. The state ranked 51st on installed solar power in the United States, with 220 kW of installed capacity. Solar on rooftops can provide 24.6% of all electricity used in

text: North Dakota

text: from 3,300 MW of solar panels. The most cost effective applications for solar panels is for pumping water at remote wells where solar panels can be installed for $800 vs. running power lines for $15,000/mile.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: North Dakota

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be installed for $800 vs. running power lines

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: running power lines for $15,000/mile

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: North Dakota

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost effective

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: North Dakota

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: pumping water

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: running power lines for $15,000/mile.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar on rooftops

text: Guadarranque solar power plant (also known as Cádiz solar power plant, ) is a photovoltaic solar power plant in the Guadarranque industrial park in San Roque, Cádiz, Spain.  The plant is owned and operated by Endesa.

text: Guadarranque solar power plant (also known as Cádiz solar power plant, ) is a

text: photovoltaic

text: solar power plant in the Guadarranque industrial park in

text: San Roque, Cádiz

text: Spain

text: .  The plant is owned and operated by

text: Endesa

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Cádiz

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: photovoltaic solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Spain.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: photovoltaic solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Guadarranque solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: photovoltaic solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Guadarranque solar power plant

text: SolarReserve is a developer of utility-scale solar power projects which include Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photovoltaic (PV) technology. The company has commercialized solar thermal energy storage technology that enables solar power tower CSP plants to deliver electricity day and night. In this technology, a molten salt is used to capture the energy from the sun and store it. When electricity is needed, the stored liquid salt is used to turn water into steam to turn a turbine and generate electricity.

text: SolarReserve is a developer of utility-scale solar power projects which include

text: Concentrated Solar Power

text: (CSP) and

text: Photovoltaic

text: (PV) technology. The company has commercialized

text: solar thermal energy storage

text: technology that enables

text: solar power tower

text: CSP plants to deliver electricity day and night. In this technology, a

text: molten salt

text: is used to capture the energy from the sun and store it. When electricity is needed, the stored liquid salt is used to turn water into steam to turn a turbine and generate electricity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used all day

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal energy storage technology

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: a molten salt is used to capture the energy from the sun

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: day and night.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Concentrated Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Concentrated Solar Power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: day and night.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photovoltaic

text: The benefits of a PV powered solar controller comes at a cost in reduced system performance in the range of 1-10%. This is due to heat losses at times when the panel may be hotter than the water store but there is insufficient sunlight to power the pump. This happens mainly on hot days when hot water is likely to be in excess so the potential reduction is less significant than it would be at times when the store was cooler.

text: The benefits of a PV powered solar controller comes at a cost in reduced system performance in the range of 1-10%. This is due to heat losses at times when the panel may be hotter than the water store but there is insufficient sunlight to power the pump. This happens mainly on hot days when hot water is likely to be in excess so the potential reduction is less significant than it would be at times when the store was cooler.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heat losses

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: there is insufficient sunlight to power the pump.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduced system performance in the range of 1-10%.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 1-10%.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV powered solar controller

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heat losses

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heat losses

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 1-10%.

text: In autumn 2010, the administration of U.S. President Barack Obama approved the plan to build a large scale solar power plant in California, the Blythe Solar Power Project. Solar Millennium proposed four solar power plants with a total capacity of 1,000 megawatts, which would have been the largest solar energy facility in the world. The project was to be located in the Colorado Desert near Blythe. On 18 April 2011, US Secretary of Energy, Dr. Steven Chu, offered the Solar Millennium a conditional commitment for a US$2.1 billion loan guarantee. On June 18 government and corporate leaders lifted shovels of dirt to toast the Blythe Solar Power Project in the California desert, 225 miles east of Los Angeles. However the project never began construction and NextEra Energy eventually acquired the site for a proposed PV plant.

text: In autumn 2010, the administration of U.S. President

text: Barack Obama

text: approved the plan to build a large scale solar power plant in

text: California

text: , the

text: Blythe Solar Power Project

text: . Solar Millennium proposed four solar power plants with a total capacity of 1,000 megawatts, which would have been the largest solar energy facility in the world. The project was to be located in the

text: Colorado Desert

text: near

text: Blythe

text: . On 18 April 2011, US Secretary of Energy,

text: Dr. Steven Chu

text: , offered the Solar Millennium a conditional commitment for a US$2.1 billion loan guarantee. On June 18 government and corporate leaders lifted shovels of dirt to toast the Blythe Solar Power Project in the California desert, 225 miles east of Los Angeles. However the project never began construction and NextEra Energy eventually acquired the site for a proposed PV plant.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: megawatts

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: capacity of 1,000 megawatts, which would have been the largest solar energy facility in the world

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power plant in California,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: PV plant.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 1,000 megawatts,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a total capacity of 1,000 megawatts,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power plant

text: Ancient water features were powered using gravitational forces, man power or animals to pump in the water. Since the 18th century, the majority of water features have been powered by pumps. In the past, the power source was sometimes a steam engine, but in modern features it is almost always powered by electricity. There is an increasing range of innovative designs as the market becomes more established and people become more aware of alternate installation methods, such as solar power. The advantages of using solar power include environmental benefits, no electrical lines in the garden, and free energy.

text: Ancient water features were powered using gravitational forces, man power or animals to pump in the water. Since the 18th century, the majority of water features have been powered by pumps. In the past, the power source was sometimes a steam engine, but in modern features it is almost always powered by electricity. There is an increasing range of innovative designs as the market becomes more established and people become more aware of alternate installation methods, such as solar power. The advantages of using

text: solar power

text: include environmental benefits, no electrical lines in the garden, and free energy.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: free energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: free energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: free energy.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: free energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no electrical lines in the garden, and free energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: no electrical lines in the garden, and free energy.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: gravitational forces, man power or animals to pump in the water.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: no electrical lines

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power.

text: During the summer of 1990, the solar-powered airplane Sunseeker, piloted by Eric Raymond, became the first solar-powered airplane to cross the United States. It used a small battery pack charged by solar cells on the wings for takeoff, and then was able to fly directly on solar power.

text: During the summer of 1990, the solar-powered airplane Sunseeker, piloted by

text: Eric Raymond

text: , became the first solar-powered airplane to cross the United States. It used a small battery pack charged by solar cells on the wings for takeoff, and then was able to fly directly on solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: fly directly on solar power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cells on the wings

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: fly directly on solar power.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cells on the wings for takeoff,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar cells

text: Solar cars only run on solar power from the sun. They are very stable and can come in different sizes. To keep the car running smoothly, the driver must keep an eye on these gauges to spot possible problems. Cars without gauges almost always feature wireless telemetry, which allows the driver's team to monitor the car's energy consumption, solar energy capture and other parameters and thereby freeing the driver to concentrate on driving.

text: Solar cars only run on solar power from the sun. They are very stable and can come in different sizes. To keep the car running smoothly, the driver must keep an eye on these gauges to spot possible problems. Cars without gauges almost always feature wireless telemetry, which allows the driver's team to monitor the car's energy consumption, solar energy capture and other parameters and thereby freeing the driver to concentrate on driving.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: energy consumption, solar energy capture and other parameters

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: the sun.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: capture

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar cars

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: They are very stable and can come in different sizes.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar cars only run on solar power from the sun.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Solar cars only run on solar power from the sun.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: the sun.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar cars only run on solar power from the sun.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: They are very stable and can come in different sizes.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar cars

text: Residential electricity consumers who are paying higher slab rates more than Rs 5 per unit, can form in to local groups to install collectively roof top off-grid solar power units (without much battery storage) and replace the costly power used from the grid with the solar power as and when produced. Hence power drawl from the grid which is an assured power supply without much power cuts nowadays, serves as cheaper back up source when grid power consumption is limited to lower slab rate by using solar power during the day time. The maximum power generation of solar panels during the sunny day time is complementary with the enhanced residential electricity consumption during the hot/summer days due to higher use of cooling appliances such as fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, desert coolers, etc. It would discourage the DisComs to extract higher electricity charges selectively from its consumers. There is no need of any permission from DisComs similar to DG power sets installation.

text: Residential electricity consumers who are paying higher slab rates more than Rs 5 per unit, can form in to local groups to install collectively roof top off-grid solar power units (without much battery storage) and replace the costly power used from the grid with the solar power as and when produced. Hence power drawl from the grid which is an assured power supply without much power cuts nowadays, serves as cheaper back up source when grid power consumption is limited to lower slab rate by using solar power during the day time. The maximum power generation of solar panels during the sunny day time is complementary with the enhanced residential electricity consumption during the hot/summer days due to higher use of cooling appliances such as fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, desert coolers, etc. It would discourage the DisComs to extract higher electricity charges selectively from its consumers. There is no need of any permission from DisComs similar to

text: DG power sets

text: installation.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: without much battery storage

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power units

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cheaper back up source

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels during the sunny day time

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: cooling appliances

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: (without much battery storage)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: roof top off-grid solar power units

text: The high cost of solar energy stems from the difficulty of converting the solar energy into electricity for use, and less than 1 percent of the world's electricity comes from the sun because of this process. Nano flakes can potentially help with the economic issues of solar energy by lowering the cost due to an easier process and a better outcome of energy. Nano flake technology can potentially make it easier to convert solar energy into electricity estimated at twice the amount that today's solar cells can harvest. This new technology can also potentially lower the cost of solar energy because it allows for a reduction in expensive semiconducting silicon. Energy loss is also potentially reduced with a shorter distance of the solar energy transportation across smaller Nano flakes.

text: The high cost of solar energy stems from the difficulty of converting the solar energy into electricity for use, and less than 1 percent of the world's electricity comes from the sun because of this process. Nano flakes can potentially help with the economic issues of solar energy by lowering the cost due to an easier process and a better outcome of energy. Nano flake technology can potentially make it easier to convert solar energy into electricity estimated at twice the amount that today's

text: solar cell

text: s can harvest. This new technology can also potentially lower the cost of solar energy because it allows for a reduction in expensive semiconducting

text: silicon

text: . Energy loss is also potentially reduced with a shorter distance of the solar energy transportation across smaller Nano flakes.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: nano flakes

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: less than 1 percent

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: better outcome of energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high cost of solar energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: less than 1 percent of the world's electricity comes from the sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Nano flakes

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: less than 1 percent of the world's electricity

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: easier process and a better outcome of energy.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The high cost of solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sun because of this process. Nano flakes

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Nano flakes

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high cost

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Nano flakes

text: Solar power in Maryland is supported by the state's recent legislation regarding the Renewable Portfolio Standard and Solar Renewable Energy Credit (SREC) program. The target for renewable energy as of 2012 is 20% by 2020, including 2% from solar power.

text: Solar power in Maryland is supported by the state's recent legislation regarding the

text: Renewable Portfolio Standard

text: and

text: Solar Renewable Energy Credit (SREC)

text: program. The target for renewable energy as of 2012 is 20% by 2020, including 2% from solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Maryland

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 2% from solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 2% from solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in Maryland

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 2% from solar power.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 2% from solar power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 2% from solar power.

text: The Glory/TIM and PICARD/PREMOS flight instrument absolute scales are now traceable to the TRF in both optical power and irradiance. The resulting high accuracy reduces the consequences of any future gap in the solar irradiance record.

text: The Glory/TIM and PICARD/PREMOS flight instrument absolute scales are now traceable to the TRF in both optical power and irradiance. The resulting high accuracy reduces the consequences of any future gap in the solar irradiance record.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: irradiance

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the solar irradiance record

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high accuracy reduces the consequences

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: gaps in the solar irradiance record

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: irradiance.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high accuracy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: optical power and irradiance.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar irradiance

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: optical power and irradiance.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: future gap in the solar irradiance record.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar irradiance record.

text: With a minimum of training in operation and maintenance, solar powered water pumping and purification systems have the potential to help rural Africans fulfill one of their most basic needs for survival. Further field test are in progress by organizations like KARI and the many corporations that manufacture the products needed, and these small-scale applications of solar technology are promising. Combined with sustainable agricultural practices and conservation of natural resources, solar power is a prime candidate to bring the benefits of technology to the parched lands of Africa.

text: With a minimum of training in operation and maintenance, solar powered water pumping and purification systems have the potential to help rural Africans fulfill one of their most basic needs for survival. Further field test are in progress by organizations like KARI and the many corporations that manufacture the products needed, and these small-scale applications of solar technology are promising. Combined with sustainable agricultural practices and conservation of natural resources, solar power is a prime candidate to bring the benefits of technology to the parched lands of Africa.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: conservation of natural resources

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: training in operation and maintenance

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar powered

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar technology

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: conservation of natural resources,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar powered water pumping and purification systems

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar powered water pumping and purification systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar powered water

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a minimum of training in operation and maintenance,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power

text: While patent offices in the economically advanced world have numerous procedures in effect to determine the validity and proper scope of a patent application, nevertheless some patents still issue that are not an advance on the existing state-of-the-art, or would otherwise be invalid if challenged. The system corrects these mistakes by maintaining the right to nullify inappropriately issued patents. However, only very small fraction of patent disputes ever go to court because of high litigation costs. A study in 2005 showed that among 200,000 patents that are issued every year, only 1.5 percent of patents are ever litigated, and only 0.1 percent of patents are ever litigated to trial. This means the majority of patent disputes are either overlooked or settled privately. While private settlement is a cost-effective way to balance the commercial interests of two firms, the public does not benefit from it. Because of the private nature of such settlements, there is no open discussion that would clarify the scope of rights under a particular patent and the opportunity to invalidate the patent is lost. Other competitors do not benefit, and costs across the industry are not reduced.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost-effective

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high litigation costs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: high litigation costs.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: patent application,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: patent offices in the economically advanced world

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: high litigation costs.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: patent application,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: only very small fraction of patent disputes ever go to court

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: high litigation costs.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: patent application,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: high litigation costs.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: high litigation costs.

text: UCB Australia (as it was then known) was able to acquire around 500 high and low powered open narrowcast licences and quickly set up a national network of relay stations to meet the needs of listeners all over the country. Vision Christian Radio reaches listeners in places ranging from Australia's larger cities to regional centres and tiny isolated towns in The Bush. Many small to medium-sized country towns in Australia have benefited from the cost-effective approach of using low powered FM transmitters. Although typically only one to ten watts, they usually give quite adequate residential coverage in small towns, depending on the antenna height above local terrain. The setup cost is achievable for most communities. The ongoing cost is minimal due to low maintenance equipment with low power consumption – some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

text: UCB Australia (as it was then known) was able to acquire around 500 high and low powered open

text: narrowcast

text: licences and quickly set up a national network of relay stations to meet the needs of listeners all over the country. Vision Christian Radio reaches listeners in places ranging from Australia's larger cities to regional centres and tiny isolated towns in

text: The Bush

text: . Many small to medium-sized country towns in Australia have benefited from the cost-effective approach of using low powered FM transmitters. Although typically only one to ten watts, they usually give quite adequate residential coverage in small towns, depending on the antenna height above local terrain. The setup cost is achievable for most communities. The ongoing cost is minimal due to low maintenance equipment with low power consumption – some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: low power consumption

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: antennas

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low power consumption

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The ongoing cost is minimal due to low maintenance equipment with low power consumption

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The ongoing cost is minimal due to low maintenance equipment with low power consumption

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: some stations in remote areas even use solar power.

text: Green power is a subset of renewable energy and represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency defines green power as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass and low-impact small hydroelectric sources. Customers often buy green power for avoided environmental impacts and its greenhouse gas reduction benefits.

text: Green power is a subset of renewable energy and represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit. The

text: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

text: defines green power as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass and low-impact small hydroelectric sources. Customers often buy green power for avoided environmental impacts and its

text: greenhouse gas

text: reduction benefits.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: green power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: avoided environmental impacts

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: avoided environmental impacts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: avoided environmental impacts and its greenhouse gas reduction benefits.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: environmental impacts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Green power

text: A major benefit of this approach over electroplating is that the power sources and plating baths are not needed, reducing the cost of production.  The technique can also plate diverse shapes and types of surface.  The downside is that the plating process is usually slower and cannot create such thick plates of metal.  As a consequence of these characteristics, electroless deposition is quite common in the decorative arts.

text: A major benefit of this approach over electroplating is that the power sources and plating baths are not needed, reducing the cost of production.  The technique can also plate diverse shapes and types of surface.  The downside is that the plating process is usually slower and cannot create such thick plates of metal.  As a consequence of these characteristics, electroless deposition is quite common in the decorative arts.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reducing the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: slower and cannot create such thick plates of metal

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: electroplating

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electroless deposition

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: electroless deposition is quite common in the decorative arts.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reducing the cost of production.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: electroplating

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: electroplating

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: electroplating

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: electroplating

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the plating process is usually slower and cannot create such thick plates of metal.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: reducing the cost of production.

text: The gross conversion efficiencies (taking into account that the solar dishes or troughs occupy only a fraction of the total area of the power plant) are determined by net generating capacity over the solar energy that falls on the total area of the solar plant. The 500-megawatt (MW) SCE/SES plant would extract about 2.75% of the radiation (1 kW/m²; see Solar power for a discussion) that falls on its 4,500 acres (18.2 km²). For the 50 MW AndaSol Power Plant that is being built in Spain (total area of 1,300×1,500 m = 1.95 km²) gross conversion efficiency comes out at 2.6%.

text: The gross conversion efficiencies (taking into account that the solar dishes or troughs occupy only a fraction of the total area of the power plant) are determined by net generating capacity over the solar energy that falls on the total area of the solar plant. The 500-megawatt (MW) SCE/SES plant would extract about 2.75% of the radiation (1 kW/m²; see

text: Solar power

text: for a discussion) that falls on its 4,500 acres (18.2 km²). For the 50 MW AndaSol Power Plant that is being built in Spain (total area of 1,300×1,500 m = 1.95 km²) gross conversion efficiency comes out at 2.6%.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: net generating capacity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar dishes

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: gross conversion efficiency comes out at 2.6%

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: power plant)

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar plant.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: occupy only a fraction of the total area of the power plant)

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 2.75%

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar dishes or troughs

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: radiation (1 kW/m2;

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: occupy only a fraction of the total area of the power plant)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: Therefore, some people may come to the conclusion that advice is morally better to be left out of the equation altogether, and this theory is included within the following quote (author unknown): "The best advice is this: Don't take advice and don't give advice." Yet, often in society advice has been helpful. A more day to day example would be "eat your vegetables" or "don't drink and drive." If this advice is adhered to we can see that the benefits would outweigh the consequences.

text: Therefore, some people may come to the conclusion that advice is morally better to be left out of the equation altogether, and this theory is included within the following quote (author unknown): "The best advice is this: Don't take advice and don't give advice." Yet, often in society advice has been helpful. A more day to day example would be "eat your vegetables" or "don't drink and drive." If this advice is adhered to we can see that the benefits would outweigh the consequences.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: advice is morally better to be left out of the equation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: advice is morally better to be left out of the equation altogether,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: "eat your vegetables"

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: advice is morally better to be left out of the equation altogether,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: the benefits would outweigh the consequences.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: advice is morally better to be left out of the equation altogether,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Don't take advice and don't give advice."

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: advice is morally better to be left out of the equation altogether,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "eat your vegetables"

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: benefits would outweigh the consequences.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the benefits would outweigh the consequences.

text: The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program that supports the organizational procurement of green power by offering expert advice, technical support, tools and resources. The EPA defines 'green power' as a subset of renewable energy and "represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit", with electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources listed as types of green power.

text: The

text: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: 's Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program that supports the organizational procurement of green power by offering expert advice, technical support, tools and resources. The EPA defines 'green power' as a subset of

text: renewable energy

text: and "represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit", with electricity produced from

text: solar

text: wind

text: geothermal

text: biogas

text: biomass

text: , and low-impact small

text: hydroelectric

text: sources listed as types of green power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: green power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: provides the highest environmental benefit

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low-impact small hydroelectric

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: environmental benefit",

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: low-impact

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: electricity

text: The ideal quantum efficiency graph has a square shape, where the QE value is fairly constant across the entire spectrum of wavelengths measured. However, the QE for most solar cells is reduced because of the effects of recombination, where charge carriers are not able to move into an external circuit. The same mechanisms that affect the collection probability also affect the QE. For example, modifying the front surface can affect carriers generated near the surface. And because high-energy (blue) light is absorbed very close to the surface, considerable recombination at the front surface will affect the "blue" portion of the QE. Similarly, lower energy (green) light is absorbed in the bulk of a solar cell, and a low diffusion length will affect the collection probability from the solar cell bulk, reducing the QE in the green portion of the spectrum. Generally, solar cells on the market today do not produce much electricity from ultraviolet and infrared light (<400 nm and >1100 nm wavelengths, respectively); these wavelengths of light are either filtered out or are absorbed by the cell, thus heating the cell. That heat is wasted energy, and could damage the cell.

text: The ideal quantum efficiency graph has a

text: square shape

text: , where the QE value is fairly constant across the entire spectrum of wavelengths measured. However, the QE for most solar cells is reduced because of the effects of recombination, where charge carriers are not able to move into an external circuit. The same mechanisms that affect the collection probability also affect the QE. For example, modifying the front surface can affect carriers generated near the surface. And because high-energy (blue) light is absorbed very close to the surface, considerable recombination at the front surface will affect the "blue" portion of the QE. Similarly, lower energy (green) light is absorbed in the bulk of a solar cell, and a low diffusion length will affect the collection probability from the solar cell bulk, reducing the QE in the green portion of the spectrum. Generally, solar cells on the market today do not produce much electricity from

text: ultraviolet

text: and

text: infrared

text: light (<400 nm and >1100 nm wavelengths, respectively); these wavelengths of light are either filtered out or are absorbed by the cell, thus heating the cell. That heat is wasted energy, and could damage the cell.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is fairly constant across the entire spectrum

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: charge carriers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: infrared light

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: diffusion

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: QE for most solar cells is reduced because of the effects of recombination

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar cells is reduced because of the effects of recombination,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: quantum efficiency

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: reduced because of the effects of recombination,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: charge carriers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: ultraviolet and infrared light

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: recombination,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: do not produce much electricity from ultraviolet and infrared light

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar cells

text: The Kingdom of Morocco’s solar plan, which is one of the world’s largest solar energy projects and estimated to cost about $9 billion, was introduced in November 2009 with the aim of establishing 2,000 MW of solar power by 2020. Five sites have been selected for the development of solar power plants combining a number of technologies including concentrated solar power, parabolic through as well as photovoltaics, with the 500MW phase one solar power complex at Ouarzazate being the first to be developed. The first part of the 500MW project is set produce 160MW of power by 2015.Morocco, the only African country to have a power cable link to Europe, aims to benefit from the €400bn ($573.8bn) expected to come from the ambitious pan-continental Desertec Industrial Initiative.

text: The Kingdom of Morocco’s solar plan, which is one of the world’s largest solar energy projects and estimated to cost about $9 billion, was introduced in November 2009 with the aim of establishing 2,000 MW of solar power by 2020. Five sites have been selected for the development of solar power plants combining a number of technologies including

text: concentrated solar power

text: parabolic through

text: as well as

text: photovoltaics

text: , with the 500MW phase one solar power complex at Ouarzazate being the first to be developed. The first part of the 500MW project is set produce 160MW of power by 2015.Morocco, the only African country to have a power cable link to Europe, aims to benefit from the €400bn ($573.8bn) expected to come from the ambitious pan-continental

text: Desertec

text: Industrial Initiative.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Morocco

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The first part of the 500MW project is set produce 160MW of power by 2015.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power, parabolic through as well as photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: parabolic through as well as photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Kingdom of Morocco’s

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: concentrated solar power,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Kingdom of Morocco’s

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrated solar power,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: estimated to cost about $9 billion,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 2,000 MW of solar power by 2020.

text: Solar power harnesses the energy of the sun to make electricity. Two typical methods for converting solar energy into electricity are photo-voltaic cells that are organized into panels and concentrated solar power, which uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight to either heat a fluid that runs an electrical generator via a steam turbine or heat engine, or to simply cast onto photo-voltaic cells. The energy created by photo-voltaic cells is a direct current and has to be converted to alternating current before it can be used in a household. At this point, users can choose to either store this direct current in batteries for later use, or use an AC/DC inverter for immediate use. To get the best out of a solar panel, the angle of incidence of the sun should be between 20 and 50 degrees. Solar power via photo-voltaic cells are usually the most expensive method to harnessing renewable energy, but is falling in price as technology advances and public interest increases. It has the advantages of being portable, easy to use on an individual basis, readily available for government grants and incentives, and being flexible regarding location (though it is most efficient when used in hot, arid areas since they tend to be the most sunny). For those that are lucky, affordable rental schemes may be found. Concentrated solar power plants are typically used on more of a community scale rather than an individual household scale, because of the amount of energy they are able to harness but can be done on an individual scale with a parabolic reflector.

text: Solar power harnesses the energy of the sun to make electricity. Two typical methods for converting solar energy into electricity are

text: photo-voltaic cells

text: that are organized into panels and

text: concentrated solar power

text: , which uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight to either heat a fluid that runs an

text: electrical generator

text: via a

text: steam turbine

text: or

text: heat engine

text: , or to simply cast onto photo-voltaic cells. The energy created by photo-voltaic cells is a

text: direct current

text: and has to be converted to

text: alternating current

text: before it can be used in a household. At this point, users can choose to either store this direct current in batteries for later use, or use an AC/DC inverter for immediate use. To get the best out of a solar panel, the

text: angle of incidence

text: of the sun should be between 20 and 50 degrees. Solar power via photo-voltaic cells are usually the most expensive method to harnessing renewable energy, but is falling in price as technology advances and public interest increases. It has the advantages of being portable, easy to use on an individual basis, readily available for government grants and incentives, and being flexible regarding location (though it is most efficient when used in hot, arid areas since they tend to be the most sunny). For those that are lucky, affordable rental schemes may be found. Concentrated solar power plants are typically used on more of a community scale rather than an individual household scale, because of the amount of energy they are able to harness but can be done on an individual scale with a

text: parabolic reflector

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: a solar panel

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: portable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam turbine

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: most efficient when used in hot, arid areas since they tend to be the most sunny

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power harnesses the energy of the sun

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: direct current

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: portable, easy to use on an individual basis,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: hot, arid areas

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: mirrors to concentrate sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam turbine or heat engine,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar power via photo-voltaic cells are usually the most expensive

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: heat engine,

text: The company developed SHAPE Solar (Sustainable Heat And Power Engine), a power plant system on a domestic scale capable of simultaneously producing electricity and heat. To accomplish this, the power plant uses a Rankine engine. A solar concentration power plant consists of mirrors that concentrate the sun’s rays to create a high temperature. At the beginning of the cycle, the heat radiates from the solar power plant and warms a fluid by a thermal exchange which transformed into pressurized steam. The fluid is then directed towards the SHAPE engine. This pressurized steam generates electricity using an alternator.

text: The company developed SHAPE Solar (Sustainable Heat And Power Engine), a

text: power plant

text: system on a domestic scale capable of simultaneously producing electricity and heat. To accomplish this, the power plant uses a

text: Rankine engine

text: . A

text: solar concentration power

text: plant consists of mirrors that concentrate the sun’s rays to create a high temperature. At the beginning of the cycle, the heat radiates from the

text: solar power plant

text: and warms a fluid by a thermal exchange which transformed into pressurized

text: steam

text: . The fluid is then directed towards the SHAPE engine. This pressurized steam generates electricity using an alternator.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: A solar concentration power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: simultaneously producing electricity and heat

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: thermal exchange

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal exchange

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heat radiating from the solar power plant

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sun’s

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar concentration power plant

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: simultaneously producing electricity and heat.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: sun’s rays to create a high temperature.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: a thermal exchange

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal exchange

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a high temperature.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: SHAPE Solar

text: Forsberg v. Bovis Lend Lease, Inc., 2008 UT  App 146, 184 P. 3d 610, cert. denied, 199 P.3d 367.After an electrical subcontractor on a hospital construction project filed for bankruptcy, the trustees of certain employment benefit funds (the Funds) sued the general contractor, its surety, and the owner for unpaid fringe benefit contributions to the Funds and to foreclose on its mechanics’ lien.  The District Court granted the defendants’ motion for summary judgment, concluding that the Funds did not have standing, that fringe benefits were not recoverable either under the mechanics’ lien statute or the private payment bond statute, and that claims under either statute were preempted by ERISA.  The Funds appealed.  Each of the issues raised on appeal was an issue of first impression in Utah.  With respect to standing, the Utah Court of Appeals concluded that the Funds were within the zone of interest contemplated by the Utah Legislature because they were entitled to enforce the rights of the employees.  Next, the Court of Appeals held that Utah’s mechanics’ lien and private bond statutes were not preempted by ERISA.  Finally, the appellate court determined that the fringe benefits were part of the value of labor or services provided on the project and therefore, could be recovered under the statutes.  Consequently, the Court of Appeals reversed the decision of the District Court.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Utah

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: fringe benefits

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 199 P.3d 367.After

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: fringe benefit

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 199 P.3d 367.After

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: could be recovered under the statutes.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 199 P.3d 367.After

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 199 P.3d 367.After

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 199 P.3d 367.After

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: 199 P.3d 367.After

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: fringe benefits were not recoverable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 199 P.3d 367.After

text: The Hollow tells the tale of Solare's group of warriors as well as that of Allysyn and her lover, Lane. Lane, an ex-teardrop knight, is introduced fighting a group of sickmen, zombie like undead creatures. We come to realize that Lane and Allysyn's mission is to track down Erzebet Drakanov, daughter of Mikal Drakanov. Erzebet was long ago kidnapped and held captive by pack of lunatai. As fate would have it, Solare comes across the same pack of lunatai that hold the Drakanov girl. Fearing Erzebet is soon to be lunatai food, one of Solare's group dashes into combat to save the girl. Solare reluctantly follows, slaughtering many lunatai. Unfortunately Lane soon enters the fray, choosing to also kill Solare and his ally, Jun. Lane leaves Solare for dead, having found Erzebet. Later that evening Jeeves, another victim of Lane's sword and butler to Erzebet Drakanov, comes across the badly damaged Solare. Solare rises from his seemingly dead state, healing with the speed expected of a faerie. Solare vows revenge on Lane for killing Jun. With the aid of Jeeves, Solare begins a hunt for Lane and Allysyn. During this journey, we learn of the language of the spiders and that Erzebet and Jeeves are both familiar with it. Erzebet leaves a trail of information through spider webs across the country side, allowing Jeeves to track her. Eventually the two warriors have their final clash outside a Brillianti church. Solare manages to kill both Allysyn and Lane, once more with the aid of Jeeves. Solare takes leave to continue his quest well Jeeves once more returns to the service of Miss Erzebet. After Solare has left, Erzebet uses a dark and hidden power of hers, reviving Allysyn and Lane as some form of undead servants.In Groznyj's dungeon we find the king talking with his imprisoned nephew, Mikal. There he tells Mikal of Erzebet's secret power, a power which Mikal cannot believe.As this story arc progresses, we are also introduced to The Brillianti's task force, The Chorus. The Chorus is to help Lord Tak Tak as an additional force in the war against the knights of Teardrop.

text: The Hollow tells the tale of Solare's group of warriors as well as that of Allysyn and her lover, Lane. Lane, an ex-teardrop knight, is introduced fighting a group of sickmen,

text: zombie

text: like undead creatures. We come to realize that Lane and Allysyn's mission is to track down Erzebet Drakanov, daughter of Mikal Drakanov. Erzebet was long ago kidnapped and held captive by pack of lunatai. As fate would have it, Solare comes across the same pack of lunatai that hold the Drakanov girl. Fearing Erzebet is soon to be lunatai food, one of Solare's group dashes into combat to save the girl. Solare reluctantly follows, slaughtering many lunatai. Unfortunately Lane soon enters the fray, choosing to also kill Solare and his ally, Jun. Lane leaves Solare for dead, having found Erzebet. Later that evening Jeeves, another victim of Lane's sword and

text: butler

text: to Erzebet Drakanov, comes across the badly damaged Solare. Solare rises from his seemingly dead state, healing with the speed expected of a faerie. Solare vows revenge on Lane for killing Jun. With the aid of Jeeves, Solare begins a hunt for Lane and Allysyn. During this journey, we learn of the language of the spiders and that Erzebet and Jeeves are both familiar with it. Erzebet leaves a trail of information through

text: spider web

text: s across the country side, allowing Jeeves to track her. Eventually the two warriors have their final clash outside a Brillianti church. Solare manages to kill both Allysyn and Lane, once more with the aid of Jeeves. Solare takes leave to continue his quest well Jeeves once more returns to the service of Miss Erzebet. After Solare has left, Erzebet uses a dark and hidden power of hers, reviving Allysyn and Lane as some form of undead servants.In Groznyj's dungeon we find the king talking with his imprisoned nephew, Mikal. There he tells Mikal of Erzebet's secret power, a power which Mikal cannot believe.As this story arc progresses, we are also introduced to The Brillianti's task force, The Chorus. The Chorus is to help Lord Tak Tak as an additional force in the war against the knights of Teardrop.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Hollow

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Why is it a hotspot for solar energy?

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: faerie

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: spiders

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: spider web

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Grozny

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: healing with the speed expected of a faerie.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Erzebet Drakanov,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: spiders

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: lunatai.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: spider web

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: speed expected of a faerie.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solare.

text: Space-based solar power (SBSP) is the concept of collecting solar power in space (using an "SPS", that is, a "solar-power satellite" or a "satellite power system") for use on Earth. It has been in research since the early 1970s.

text: Space-based solar power (SBSP) is the concept of collecting

text: solar power

text: in

text: space

text: (using an "SPS", that is, a "solar-power satellite" or a "satellite power system") for use on

text: Earth

text: . It has been in research since the early 1970s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar-power satellite

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: space

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar power in space

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Space-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: use on Earth. It has been in research since the early 1970s.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Space-based solar power

text: Solar power in Chile has the potential of producing all of the electricity used in Chile. Northern Chile has the highest solar incidence in the world. In October 2015 Chile's Ministry of Energy announced its "Roadmap to 2050: A Sustainable and Inclusive Strategy", which plans for 19% of the country's electricity to be from solar energy, 23% wind power and 29% hydroelectric power.

text: Solar power in Chile has the potential of producing all of the electricity used in

text: Chile

text: . Northern Chile has the highest solar incidence in the world. In October 2015 Chile's Ministry of Energy announced its "Roadmap to 2050: A Sustainable and Inclusive Strategy", which plans for 19% of the country's electricity to be from solar energy, 23%

text: wind power

text: and 29%

text: hydroelectric power

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: incidence

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Northern Chile

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has the potential of producing all

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: wind power and 29% hydroelectric

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in Chile

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: potential of producing all of the electricity used in Chile.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Northern Chile has the highest solar incidence in the world.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: hydroelectric power.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: potential of producing all of the electricity used in Chile.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: Photovoltaics, by far the most important solar technology for distributed generation of solar power, uses solar cells assembled into solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. It is a fast-growing technology doubling its worldwide installed capacity every couple of years. PV systems range from distributed, residential, and commercial rooftop or building integrated installations, to large, centralized utility-scale photovoltaic power stations.

text: Photovoltaics

text: , by far the most important solar technology for distributed generation of

text: solar power

text: , uses

text: solar cell

text: s assembled into

text: solar panel

text: s to convert sunlight into electricity. It is a

text: fast-growing

text: technology doubling its worldwide installed capacity every couple of years.

text: PV system

text: s range from distributed, residential, and commercial

text: rooftop

text: or

text: building integrated

text: installations, to large, centralized utility-scale

text: photovoltaic power station

text: s.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: convert sunlight into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar cells assembled into solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electricity.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: sunlight into electricity.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunlight into electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells assembled into solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: doubling its worldwide installed capacity every couple of years.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Photovoltaics,

text: Regarding energy used by vehicles, a comprehensive 2008 cost-benefit analysis review was conducted of sustainable energy sources and usage combinations in the context of global warming and other dominating issues; it ranked wind power generation combined with battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) as the most efficient. Wind was followed by concentrated solar power (CSP), geothermal power, tidal power, photovoltaic, wave power, hydropower coal capture and storage (CCS), nuclear energy and biofuel energy sources.  It states: "In sum, use of wind, CSP, geothermal, tidal, PV, wave, and hydro to provide electricity for BEVs and HFCVs and, by extension, electricity for the residential, industrial, and commercial sectors, will result in the most benefit among the options considered. The combination of these technologies should be advanced as a solution to global warming, air pollution, and energy security. Coal-CCS and nuclear offer less benefit thus represent an opportunity cost loss, and the biofuel options provide no certain benefit and the greatest negative impacts."

text: Regarding energy used by vehicles, a comprehensive 2008

text: cost-benefit analysis

text: review was conducted of sustainable energy sources and usage combinations in the context of global warming and other dominating issues; it ranked

text: wind power

text: generation combined with

text: battery electric vehicle

text: s (BEV) and

text: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

text: (HFCVs) as the most efficient. Wind was followed by

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP),

text: geothermal power

text: tidal power

text: photovoltaic

text: wave power

text: hydropower

text: coal capture and storage

text: (CCS),

text: nuclear energy

text: and

text: biofuel

text: energy sources.  It states: "In sum, use of wind, CSP, geothermal, tidal, PV, wave, and hydro to provide electricity for BEVs and HFCVs and, by extension, electricity for the residential, industrial, and commercial sectors, will result in the most benefit among the options considered. The combination of these technologies should be advanced as a solution to global warming, air pollution, and energy security. Coal-CCS and nuclear offer less benefit thus represent an opportunity cost loss, and the biofuel options provide no certain benefit and the greatest negative impacts."

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: concentrated solar power (CSP),

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: geothermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the biofuel options provide no certain benefit and the greatest negative impacts."

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: concentrated solar power (CSP),

text: During an October 15, 2010 double-header during the Philippine Cups' elimination round, Solar's satellite equipment experienced multiple faults, including alleged problems with the encoder and power amplifier. These technical problems caused intermittent interruptions to the telecasts, and forced a game between the Meralco Bolts and the Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters to be aired on Basketball TV the next day on tape delay. The technical problems resulted in commissioner Chito Salud issuing a ₱3,000,000 fine to Solar for not broadcasting a game live, a condition of the network's contract with the league. In a meeting with the PBA's board, Solar also promised that it would take steps to improve the quality of its telecasts and prevent such issues from occurring in the future.

text: During an October 15, 2010 double-header during the

text: Philippine Cup

text: s' elimination round, Solar's satellite equipment experienced multiple faults, including alleged problems with the encoder and power amplifier. These technical problems caused intermittent interruptions to the telecasts, and forced a game between the Meralco Bolts and the Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters to be aired on Basketball TV the next day on

text: tape delay

text: . The technical problems resulted in commissioner

text: Chito Salud

text: issuing a ₱3,000,000 fine to Solar for not broadcasting a game live, a condition of the network's contract with the league. In a meeting with the PBA's board, Solar also promised that it would take steps to improve the quality of its telecasts and prevent such issues from occurring in the future.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: satellite

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: intermittent interruptions to the telecasts

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar's satellite equipment experienced multiple faults,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: satellite

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar's satellite equipment experienced multiple faults,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Solar's satellite equipment experienced multiple faults,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar's satellite equipment experienced multiple faults,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: power amplifier.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: power amplifier.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: tape delay.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: problems with the encoder and power amplifier.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar's satellite equipment experienced multiple faults,

text: In the field of solar energy, Enel Green Power developed the franchisee model in Italy of Enel Green Power Retail. In addition, a thin-film photovoltaic panels factory was inaugurated in 2011 in Catania, through a joint venture with Sharp and ST-Microelectronics. The generation of electricity from solar energy is coming from 67 MW installed in 2011, (data as of the end of September).

text: In the field of solar energy, Enel Green Power developed the franchisee model in Italy of Enel Green Power Retail. In addition, a thin-film photovoltaic panels factory was inaugurated in 2011 in

text: Catania

text: , through a joint venture with

text: Sharp

text: and

text: ST-Microelectronics

text: . The generation of electricity from solar energy is coming from 67 MW installed in 2011, (data as of the end of September).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: generates electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thin-film photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The generation of electricity from solar energy

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 67 MW installed in 2011,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: thin-film photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thin-film photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: thin-film photovoltaic panels

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The generation of electricity from solar energy

text: Projections vary. The EIA has predicted that almost two thirds of net additions to power capacity will come from renewables by 2020 due to the combined policy benefits of local pollution, decarbonisation and energy diversification. Some studies have set out roadmaps to power 100% of the world’s energy with wind, hydroelectric and solar by the year 2030.

text: Projections vary. The EIA has predicted that almost two thirds of net additions to power capacity will come from renewables by 2020 due to the combined policy benefits of local pollution, decarbonisation and energy diversification. Some studies have set out roadmaps to power 100% of the world’s energy with wind, hydroelectric and solar by the year 2030.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: local pollution

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: local pollution

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewables

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: renewables

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: local pollution, decarbonisation and energy diversification.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: two thirds of net additions to power capacity will come from renewables

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: wind, hydroelectric and solar by the year 2030.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: pollution,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: local pollution,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 2030.

text: The solar convection can supply the required heating, but in a way not yet known in detail. Actually, it is still unclear how this energy is transmitted from the chromosphere(where it could be absorbed or reflected), and then dissipated into the corona instead of dispersing into the solar wind.Furthermore, where does it occur exactly ? : in the low corona or mainly in the higher corona, where the magnetic field lines open into the space heliosphere, driving the solar wind into the solar system.

text: The solar convection can supply the required heating, but in a way not yet known in detail. Actually, it is still unclear how this energy is transmitted from the chromosphere(where it could be absorbed or reflected), and then dissipated into the corona instead of dispersing into the solar wind.Furthermore, where does it occur exactly ? : in the low

text: corona

text: or mainly in the higher corona, where the magnetic field lines open into the space

text: heliosphere

text: , driving the

text: solar wind

text: into the

text: solar system

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar system

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can supply the required heating

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: magnetic field lines

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: dissipated into the corona instead of dispersing into the solar wind

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: The solar convection can supply the required heating,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar wind.Furthermore,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The solar convection can supply the required heating,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: heating,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: in the low corona or mainly in the higher corona,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: reflected),

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar convection

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: reflected),

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unclear how this energy is transmitted from the chromosphere(where

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The solar convection can supply the required heating,

text: An impediment to implementing any U.S. healthcare reform that does not benefit insurance companies or the private health care industry is the power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists. Possibly as a consequence of the power of lobbyists, key politicians such as Senator Max Baucus have taken the option of single payer health care off the table entirely. In a June 2009 NBC News/Wall Street Journal survey, 76% said it was either "extremely" or "quite" important to "give people a choice of both a public plan administered by the federal government and a private plan for their health insurance."

text: An impediment to implementing any U.S. healthcare reform that does not benefit insurance companies or the private health care industry is the power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists. Possibly as a consequence of the power of lobbyists, key politicians such as Senator

text: Max Baucus

text: have taken the option of single payer health care off the table entirely. In a June 2009

text: NBC News

text: Wall Street Journal

text: survey, 76% said it was either "extremely" or "quite" important to "give people a choice of both a public plan administered by the federal government and a private plan for their health insurance."

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: single payer health care

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: U.S.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: An

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: health care industry lobbyists.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the power of insurance company and health care industry lobbyists.

text: Solar energy technologies come in various forms – solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity – and can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:

text: Solar energy

text: technologies come in various forms –

text: solar heating

text: solar photovoltaics

text: solar thermal electricity

text: – and can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can solve some of the most urgent problems

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar thermal electricity

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar energy technologies come in various forms – solar heating,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaics,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar heating,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity

text: Renewable advocates point out that while distributed solar and other energy efficiency measures do pose a challenge to electric utilities' existing business model, the benefits of distributed generation outweigh the costs, and those benefits are shared by all ratepayers. Grid benefits of private distributed solar investment include reduced need for centralizing power plants and reduced strain on the utility grid. They also point out that, as a cornerstone policy enabling the growth of rooftop solar, net metering creates a host of societal benefits for all ratepayers that are generally not accounted for by the utility analysis, including: public health benefits, employment and downstream economic effects, market price impacts, grid security benefits, and water savings.

text: Renewable advocates point out that while distributed solar and other energy efficiency measures do pose a challenge to electric utilities' existing business model, the benefits of distributed generation outweigh the costs, and those benefits are shared by all ratepayers. Grid benefits of private distributed solar investment include reduced need for centralizing power plants and reduced strain on the utility grid. They also point out that, as a cornerstone policy enabling the growth of rooftop solar, net metering creates a host of societal benefits for all ratepayers that are generally not accounted for by the utility analysis, including: public health benefits, employment and downstream economic effects, market price impacts, grid security benefits, and water savings.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: distributed generation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: rooftop solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduced need for centralizing power plants

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: electric utilities' existing business model

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: power plants

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rooftop solar,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduced need for centralizing power plants and reduced strain on the utility grid.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: the benefits of distributed generation outweigh the costs,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: distributed generation

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: net metering

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: pose a challenge to electric utilities' existing business model,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the benefits of distributed generation outweigh the costs,

text: The oldest solar thermal power plant in the world is the 354 megawatt (MW) SEGS thermal power plant, in California. The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System is a solar thermal power project in the California Mojave Desert, 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Las Vegas, with a gross capacity of 377 MW. The 280 MW Solana Generating Station is a solar power plant near Gila Bend, Arizona, about  southwest of Phoenix, completed in 2013. When commissioned it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with molten salt thermal energy storage.

text: The oldest

text: solar thermal power plant

text: in the world is the 354

text: megawatt

text: (MW)

text: SEGS thermal power plant

text: , in California. The

text: Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

text: is a solar thermal power project in the California

text: Mojave Desert

text: , 40 miles (64 km) southwest of

text: Las Vegas

text: , with a gross capacity of 377 MW. The 280 MW

text: Solana Generating Station

text: is a

text: solar power

text: plant near

text: Gila Bend

text: Arizona

text: , about  southwest of

text: Phoenix

text: , completed in 2013. When commissioned it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with

text: molten salt thermal energy storage

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: parabolic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: parabolic

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: gross capacity of 377 MW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal power project

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California Mojave Desert,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: molten salt thermal energy storage.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: California Mojave Desert,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: molten salt

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: parabolic trough

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a gross capacity

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

text: Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power.

text: Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and

text: energy efficiency

text: is resulting in significant

entity_name: Energy security and renewable technology

text: energy security

text: climate change mitigation

text: , and economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: limited number of countries

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: renewable sources

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind power.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power and wind power.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar power and wind power.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: limited number of countries.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power and wind power.

text: Tûranor PlanetSolar is a boat that was launched on 31 March 2010 and is entirely powered by solar panels. The boat aims to set the world circumnavigation record for a solar powered vessel, promoting the potential of solar power. It is the world's largest solar powered vessel.

text: Tûranor PlanetSolar

text: is a boat that was launched on 31 March 2010 and is entirely powered by

text: solar panels

text: . The boat aims to set the world circumnavigation record for a

text: solar power

text: ed vessel, promoting the potential of solar power. It is the world's largest solar powered vessel.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Tûranor

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar panels.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: world circumnavigation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: promoting the potential of solar power.

text: Energy efficient stadiums is the latest trend of environmentalism in sports.  Many stadiums are beginning to take measures to become more environmentally friendly and energy efficient, such as using solar energy to power the stadiums and using reusable raw materials. The first stadium successfully built to use 100 percent solar power is the Kaohsiung National Stadium in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.  It earned the nickname of the 'dragon' stadium.  Completed in 2009, the 55,000 capacity stadium was built for the World Games, which took place in July 2009.  After the conclusion of the World Games, the stadium will be used mainly for rugby games and other athletic events.  Japanese architect Toyo Ito designed the stadium which incorporates 8,844 solar panels on the roof.  These solar panels provide enough energy to power the 3,300 lights and two giant television screens.  The stadium provides so much power, and not all of it is needed to power the stadium.  The Taiwanese government plans to sell the excess energy.  The stadium will prevent 660 tons of carbon dioxide from being released. Not only is the Kaohsiung National Stadium 100 percent solar powered, but all of the raw materials used in the stadium are reusable.

text: Energy efficient stadiums is the latest trend of

text: environmentalism

text: in

text: sports

text: .  Many

text: stadium

text: s are beginning to take measures to become more

text: environmentally friendly

text: and

text: energy efficient

text: , such as using

text: solar energy

text: to power the stadiums and using reusable raw materials. The first stadium successfully built to use 100 percent solar power is the

text: Kaohsiung National Stadium

text: in

text: Kaohsiung, Taiwan

text: .  It earned the nickname of the 'dragon' stadium.  Completed in 2009, the 55,000 capacity stadium was built for the

text: World Games

text: , which took place in July 2009.  After the conclusion of the World Games, the stadium will be used mainly for

text: rugby

text: games and other athletic events.

text: Japan

text: ese

text: architect

text: Toyo Ito

text: designed the stadium which incorporates 8,844

text: solar panel

text: s on the roof.  These solar panels provide enough energy to power the 3,300 lights and two giant television screens.  The stadium provides so much power, and not all of it is needed to power the stadium.  The

text: Taiwanese government

text: plans to sell the excess energy.  The stadium will prevent 660 tons of carbon dioxide from being released. Not only is the Kaohsiung National Stadium 100 percent solar powered, but all of the raw materials used in the stadium are reusable.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar panels on the roof

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is more environmentally friendly

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: not all of it is needed to power the stadium

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reusable.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy to power the stadiums and using reusable raw materials.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: not all of it is needed to power the stadium.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy to power the stadiums and using reusable raw materials.

text: The Mojave Solar Project (MSP) is a concentrated solar power (CSP) facility in the Mojave Desert in California, about  northwest of Barstow. Surrounding the hamlet of Lockhart, Mojave Solar is adjacent to Harper Lake and the SEGS VIII–IX solar plant. The site was originally reserved for the planned, never built, SEGS IX and XII. For 15 years following its construction in 1990, this was the largest commercial solar power plant in the world, generating around 160 megawatts at its peak. It is one of three separately owned sites within 40 miles of one another, that make up the nine solar fields in the Solar Electric Generating System (SEGS #1 and 2 are at Daggett, and #3 through 7 are at Kramer Junction). Harper Lake was the last of these built, and is designated as SEGS #8 and 9. It is still online, but has been surpassed by other newer facilities, including the Mojave Solar Project. MSP, with a combined nameplate capacity of 280 MW (net 250 MW), is made of two, independently-operable, solar fields. The power plant cost an estimated $1.6 billion in total and entered commercial operation in December 2014. The developer, Abengoa, has successfully secured a $1.2 billion loan guarantee from the US government for the project.The plant is expected to generate 617,000 MWh of power annually, enough power for more than 88,000 households and to prevent the emission of over 430 kilotons of CO a year. Pacific Gas & Electric has agreed to a 25-year power purchase agreement.

text: The Mojave Solar Project (MSP) is a

text: concentrated solar power

text: (CSP) facility in the

text: Mojave Desert

text: in

text: California

text: , about  northwest of

text: Barstow

text: . Surrounding the hamlet of Lockhart, Mojave Solar is adjacent to

text: Harper Lake

text: and the

text: SEGS VIII–IX

text: solar plant. The site was originally reserved for the planned, never built, SEGS IX and XII. For 15 years following its construction in 1990, this was the largest commercial solar power plant in the world, generating around 160 megawatts at its peak. It is one of three separately owned sites within 40 miles of one another, that make up the nine solar fields in the Solar Electric Generating System (SEGS #1 and 2 are at Daggett, and #3 through 7 are at Kramer Junction). Harper Lake was the last of these built, and is designated as SEGS #8 and 9. It is still online, but has been surpassed by other newer facilities, including the Mojave Solar Project. MSP, with a combined

text: nameplate capacity

text: of 280

text: MW

text: (net 250 MW), is made of two, independently-operable, solar fields. The power plant cost an estimated $1.6 billion in total and entered commercial operation in December 2014. The developer,

text: Abengoa

text: , has successfully secured a $1.2 billion loan guarantee from the US government for the project.The plant is expected to generate 617,000

text: MWh

text: of power annually, enough power for more than 88,000 households and to prevent the

text: emission

text: of over 430 kilotons of

text: CO

text: a year. Pacific Gas & Electric has agreed to a 25-year

text: power purchase agreement

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: prevent the emission of over 430 kilotons of CO

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar fields

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 430 kilotons of CO a year

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Mojave Desert in California,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: emission of over 430 kilotons of CO a year.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: SP, with a combined nameplate capacity of 280 MW

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar fields.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar fields.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: concentrated solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: emission of over 430 kilotons of CO a year.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 430 kilotons of CO a year.

text: Solar power in the UAE (United Arab Emirates) has the potential to provide most of the country's electricity demand. While being a major oil producing country, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has taken steps to introduce solar power on a large scale. However, solar power still accounts for a small share of energy production in the country. Until 2013, there was no operational solar power in the UAE.The country was the 6th top carbon dioxide emitter per capita in the world in 2009, with 40.31 tonnes, but is planning to generate the vast majority of its electrical energy by 2050 from solar and nuclear sources.

text: Solar power in the UAE (United Arab Emirates) has the potential to provide most of the country's electricity demand. While being a major

text: oil producing country

text: , the

text: United Arab Emirates

text: (UAE) has taken steps to introduce

text: solar power

text: on a large scale. However, solar power still accounts for a small share of energy production in the country. Until 2013, there was no operational solar power in the UAE.The country was the 6th top

text: carbon dioxide

text: emitter per capita in the world in 2009, with 40.31 tonnes, but is planning to generate the vast majority of its electrical energy by 2050 from solar and nuclear sources.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: has the potential to provide most

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power accounts for a small share of energy production

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: nuclear sources.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: nuclear sources.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: potential to provide most of the country's electricity demand.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: oil

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar power still accounts for a small share of energy production in the country.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: Driven by advances in technology and increases in manufacturing scale and sophistication, the cost of photovoltaics has declined steadily since the first solar cells were manufactured, and the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) from PV is competitive with conventional electricity sources in an expanding list of geographic regions. Net metering and financial incentives, such as preferential feed-in tariffs for solar-generated electricity, have supported solar PV installations in many countries. The Energy Payback Time (EPBT), also known as energy amortization, depends on the location's annual solar insolation and temperature profile, as well as on the used type of PV-technology. For conventional crystalline silicon photovoltaics, the EPBT is higher than for thin-film technologies such as CdTe-PV or CPV-systems. Moreover, the payback time decreased in the recent years due to a number of improvements such as solar cell efficiency and more economic manufacturing processes. As of 2014, photovoltaics recoup on average the energy needed to manufacture them in 0.7 to 2 years. This results in about 95% of net-clean energy produced by a solar rooftop PV system over a 30-year life-time.

text: Driven by advances in technology and increases in manufacturing scale and sophistication, the cost of photovoltaics has declined steadily since the first solar cells were manufactured, and the levelised cost of electricity (

text: LCOE

text: ) from PV is competitive with conventional electricity sources in an expanding list of geographic regions.

text: Net metering

text: and financial incentives, such as preferential

text: feed-in tariff

text: s for solar-generated electricity, have supported solar PV installations in many countries. The

text: Energy Payback Time

text: (EPBT), also known as energy amortization, depends on the location's annual solar

text: insolation

text: and temperature profile, as well as on the used type of PV-technology. For conventional

text: crystalline silicon

text: photovoltaics, the EPBT is higher than for

text: thin-film technologies

text: such as

text: CdTe-PV

text: or

text: CPV

text: -systems. Moreover, the payback time decreased in the recent years due to a number of improvements such as

text: solar cell efficiency

text: and more economic manufacturing processes. As of 2014, photovoltaics recoup on average the energy needed to manufacture them in 0.7 to 2 years. This results in about 95% of net-clean energy produced by a solar rooftop PV system over a 30-year life-time.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar rooftop

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: levelised cost of electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: EPBT is higher than for thin-film technologies such as CdTe-PV or CPV-systems

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaics has declined steadily since the first solar cells

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar insolation

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: the levelised cost of electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar insolation and temperature profile,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: energy amortization,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The Energy Payback Time

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the cost of photovoltaics

text: In 2009, Southern California Edison entered into a contract with Solar Millennium to purchase solar thermal power up to 726 MW. Southern California Edison also entered into a contract with Stirling Energy Systems to buy electricity from a 500 megawatt, 4,600 acre (19 km), solar power plant which was due to open in 2009. The purchase was canceled in late 2010, as changes in technology reduced the cost of photovoltaic-based solar power to below that of solar Stirling generated power. This would have been the first commercial application of the dish stirling system. A different technology from the more familiar solar panel, the dish concentrates solar energy by the use of reflective surfaces and by the use of the Stirling heat engine to convert the heat into electricity.

text: In 2009, Southern California Edison entered into a contract with

text: Solar Millennium

text: to purchase solar thermal power up to 726 MW. Southern California Edison also entered into a contract with

text: Stirling Energy Systems

text: to buy electricity from a 500 megawatt, 4,600 acre (19 km), solar power plant which was due to open in 2009. The purchase was canceled in late 2010, as changes in technology reduced the cost of photovoltaic-based solar power to below that of solar Stirling generated power. This would have been the first commercial application of the

text: dish stirling system

text: . A different technology from the more familiar solar panel, the dish concentrates solar energy by the use of reflective surfaces and by the use of the

text: Stirling heat engine

text: to convert the heat into electricity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Southern California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: reduces the cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar thermal energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar thermal power up to 726 MW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: reflective surfaces

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar thermal power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: cost

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Southern California

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: reflective surfaces

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Stirling heat engine

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: reflective surfaces

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: cost of photovoltaic-based solar power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Stirling heat engine to convert the heat into electricity.

text: The thinned array curse has consequences for microwave power transmission and wireless energy transfer concepts such as solar power satellites; it suggests that it is not possible to make a smaller beam and hence reduce the size of a receiver (called a rectenna for microwave power beaming) by phasing together beams from many small satellites.

text: The thinned array curse has consequences for

text: microwave power transmission

text: and

text: wireless energy transfer

text: concepts such as

text: solar power satellite

text: s; it suggests that it is not possible to make a smaller beam and hence reduce the size of a receiver (called a

text: rectenna

text: for microwave power beaming) by phasing together beams from many small satellites.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wireless

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power satellites

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: satellites

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The thinned array curse

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar power satellites;

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wireless energy transfer concepts such as solar power satellites;

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power satellites;

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: wireless energy transfer

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar power satellites;

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: small satellites.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: microwave power transmission and wireless energy transfer concepts such as solar power satellites;

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: wireless energy transfer

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it is not possible to make a smaller beam

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar power satellites;

text: Renewable energy is energy like wind power, solar power, hydropower and other sources of energy that will not run out.  Renewable energy is a popular source of energy for many, many reasons.  One the biggest reasons is that renewable energy greatly helps decrease the environmental impact on the plant from humans.  Using renewable, specifically wind and solar energy, greatly decreases CO2 emissions, which is a large argument against the burning of fossil fuels.  The transportation industry is a large factor in CO2 emissions on the planet.  In 2014, the United States produced 6,870 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents, much of this from transportation.  One large factor that will help decrease the impact on the environment is the implementation of hybrid or electric cars.  The increased use of electric or hybrid cars will greatly help decrease the impact of CO2 emissions on the environment.

text: Renewable energy is energy like wind power, solar power, hydropower and other sources of energy that will not run out.  Renewable energy is a popular source of energy for many, many reasons.  One the biggest reasons is that renewable energy greatly helps decrease the environmental impact on the plant from humans.  Using renewable, specifically wind and solar energy, greatly decreases CO2 emissions, which is a large argument against the burning of fossil fuels.  The transportation industry is a large factor in CO2 emissions on the planet.  In 2014, the United States produced 6,870 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents, much of this from transportation.  One large factor that will help decrease the impact on the environment is the implementation of hybrid or electric cars.  The increased use of electric or hybrid cars will greatly help decrease the impact of CO2 emissions on the environment.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: greatly decreases CO2 emissions

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: CO2 emissions

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: wind power, solar power,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Renewable energy is energy like wind power, solar power,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: greatly helps decrease the environmental impact on the plant from humans.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: will not run out.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: hybrid or electric cars.

text: It is important to view these issues from the proper perspective. We are not ageing as a society but benefiting from an extended period of good health, which is largely a consequence of technological advances. It is not the increased spending on health that should be the concern but what it is spent on. It is crucial that spending is targeted and appropriately controlled with respect to the intended aim. Demographic changes and technological progress are driving changes in the governments' finances; the proportion of people in work compared with those already retired will decrease, leading to shrinking the tax base. The difficulties of financing the care of an increasing number of elderly people for increasingly long periods combined with an ever-shrinking tax base are very great. Faced with the growing health expenditure, changes have affected entire healthcare systems. The main trend in most developed countries is a creeping decentralization combined with a change in funding emphasis from public to a mix of public and private.

text: It is important to view these issues from the proper perspective. We are not ageing as a society but benefiting from an extended period of good health, which is largely a consequence of technological advances. It is not the increased spending on health that should be the concern but what it is spent on. It is crucial that spending is targeted and appropriately controlled with respect to the intended aim. Demographic changes and technological progress are driving changes in the governments' finances; the proportion of people in work compared with those already retired will decrease, leading to shrinking the tax base. The difficulties of financing the care of an increasing number of

text: elderly people

text: for increasingly long periods combined with an ever-shrinking tax base are very great. Faced with the growing health expenditure, changes have affected entire

text: healthcare systems

text: . The main trend in most developed countries is a creeping

text: decentralization

text: combined with a change in funding emphasis from public to a mix of public and private.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: good health

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: financing the care of an increasing number of elderly people for increasingly long periods combined with an ever-shrinking tax base are very great

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: largely a consequence of technological advances.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: health, which is largely a consequence of technological advances.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: largely a consequence of technological advances.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: good health,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: largely a consequence of technological advances.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: spending is targeted and appropriately controlled with respect to the intended aim.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: technological advances.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: technological advances.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: financing the care of an increasing number of elderly people for increasingly long periods

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: technological advances.

text: |- | colspan=6 style="text-align:left;" |

text: |- | colspan=6 style="text-align:left;" |

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar energy is a renewable energy source

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: |- | colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: colspan=6

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: |- | colspan=6

text: The California Supreme Court agreed to decide the Ninth Circuit's certified question in February 2011, heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.  The California Supreme Court's unanimous decision was authored by Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye.  In answering the Ninth Circuit’s certified question, the California Supreme Court held:

text: The California Supreme Court agreed to decide the Ninth Circuit's certified question in February 2011, heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.  The California Supreme Court's unanimous decision was authored by

text: Chief Justice

text: Tani Cantil-Sakauye

text: .  In answering the Ninth Circuit’s certified question, the California Supreme Court held:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic waves

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: California

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The California Supreme Court held:

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: 2011, heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The California Supreme Court

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: February 2011, heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 2011.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: February 2011, heard oral argument in September 2011, and issued its decision in November 2011.

text: On the over-all, the Aquino administration made important gains in the aspects of bringing back democracy, restoring investor confidence in the economy and enacting legal and constitutional reforms. Despite these achievements, her presidency faced several threats from both right-wing military elements and extreme left-wing communist rebels. Further, her administration dealt with numerous problems such as major natural disasters which struck the country and severe power shortages which took a toll on doing business in the Philippines. It was also during her tenure that the United States finally ended its military bases and presence in the country.

text: On the over-all, the Aquino administration made important gains in the aspects of bringing back democracy, restoring investor confidence in the economy and enacting legal and constitutional reforms. Despite these achievements, her presidency faced several threats from both right-wing military elements and extreme left-wing communist rebels. Further, her administration dealt with numerous problems such as major natural disasters which struck the country and severe power shortages which took a toll on doing business in the Philippines. It was also during her tenure that the United States finally ended its military bases and presence in the country.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: major natural disasters

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: power shortages

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Philippines.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: severe power shortages

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: bringing back democracy, restoring investor confidence in the economy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: investor confidence in the economy and enacting legal and constitutional reforms.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: major natural disasters

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: power shortages

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: severe power shortages

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: severe power shortages

text: Puppet Master 4, directed by Jeff Burr, was released on video in 1993.Some time after Camille takes Toulon's puppets on the road, they are returned to the Bodega Bay Inn, in 1993 where they are not discovered until one summer while a college student scientist named Rick Myers works as caretaker for the hotel. It is at this time that the god Sutekh makes a second attempt to suppress the secret of animation. Sutekh has three tribal demon puppets, spiritually linked to demonic minions of his own, called Totems sent to Earth to hunt down key personnel in the Omega Project, an organization also attempting to create life in inanimate objects. Myers' girlfriend, Susie, pays a visit to the Bodega Bay Inn, along with her friends Cameron and Lauren. Unknown to Susie, both Myers and Cameron have been previously acquainted, and they are both members of the Omega Project. Lauren, a clairvoyant, leads the group to the trunk containing Toulon's puppets, and diaries from Andre Toulon, Myers learns to inject the puppets with elixir to reanimate them. The puppets befriend the group, and protect them when the Totems arrive to kill Myers and his friends. Toulon's spirit, at ease since his puppets slew him over his treachery, returns to guide the puppets, advising them to activate his unfinished puppet, Decapitron. Andre Toulon's spirit is inside Decapitron. The puppets set up an electric current combined with the elixer which is used to animate Decapitron, who uses its interchangeable heads to communicate with the group and electrocute the Totems.

text: Puppet Master 4, directed by Jeff Burr, was released on video in 1993.Some time after Camille takes Toulon's puppets on the road, they are returned to the

text: Bodega Bay Inn

text: , in 1993 where they are not discovered until one summer while a college student scientist named Rick Myers works as caretaker for the hotel. It is at this time that the god Sutekh makes a second attempt to suppress the secret of animation. Sutekh has three tribal demon puppets, spiritually linked to demonic minions of his own, called Totems sent to

text: Earth

text: to hunt down key personnel in the Omega Project, an organization also attempting to create life in inanimate objects. Myers' girlfriend, Susie, pays a visit to the Bodega Bay Inn, along with her friends Cameron and Lauren. Unknown to Susie, both Myers and Cameron have been previously acquainted, and they are both members of the Omega Project. Lauren, a

text: clairvoyant

text: , leads the group to the trunk containing Toulon's puppets, and diaries from Andre Toulon, Myers learns to inject the puppets with elixir to reanimate them. The puppets befriend the group, and protect them when the Totems arrive to kill Myers and his friends. Toulon's spirit, at ease since his puppets slew him over his treachery, returns to guide the puppets, advising them to activate his unfinished puppet, Decapitron. Andre Toulon's spirit is inside Decapitron. The puppets set up an electric current combined with the elixer which is used to animate Decapitron, who uses its interchangeable heads to communicate with the group and electrocute the Totems.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Decapitron

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Decapitron

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used for longer periods of time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Totems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Totems

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: electric current

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electric current

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Decapitron.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: life in inanimate objects.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Myers learns to inject the puppets with elixir

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Totems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: electric current

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: electric current

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: electric current

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Myers learns to inject the puppets with elixir

text: After Danmaje's death in 1870 his successor, Haruna Karami, continued the expansionist policy with the strong backing of his able lieutenant Usman Danyaya, the then barden of Ningi. Haruna died in 1886 and Abubakar Gajigi was appointed the leader. Abubakar maintained Ningi's struggle to survive as a state of its own without losing any territory to the neighboring emirates.

text: After Danmaje's death in 1870 his successor, Haruna Karami, continued the expansionist policy with the strong backing of his able lieutenant Usman Danyaya, the then barden of Ningi. Haruna died in 1886 and Abubakar Gajigi was appointed the leader. Abubakar maintained Ningi's struggle to survive as a state of its own without losing any territory to the neighboring emirates.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 1870

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: After Danmaje's death in 1870

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ningi.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: survive as a state of its own without losing any territory

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: After Danmaje's death in 1870

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: After Danmaje's death in 1870

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Usman Danyaya,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Usman Danyaya,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: losing any territory to the neighboring emirates.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Haruna died in 1886

text: The United States sent strong indications to Brazil that it was willing to support its membership; albeit, without a veto. In June 2011, the Council on Foreign Relations recommended that the US government fully endorse the inclusion of Brazil as a permanent member of the Security Council. Brazil has also received backing from other permanent members: Russia, the United Kingdom, France, all nations that form Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), Chile, Indonesia, Finland, Slovenia, Australia, South Africa, Guatemala, Vietnam, the Philippines, amongst others.

text: The

text: United States

text: sent strong indications to Brazil that it was willing to support its membership; albeit, without a veto. In June 2011, the

text: Council on Foreign Relations

text: recommended that the US government fully endorse the inclusion of Brazil as a permanent member of the Security Council. Brazil has also received backing from other permanent members:

text: Russia

text: , the

text: United Kingdom

text: France

text: , all nations that form

entity_name: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

text: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

text: (CPLP),

text: Chile

text: Indonesia

text: Finland

text: Slovenia

text: Australia

text: South Africa

text: Guatemala

text: Vietnam

text: , the

text: Philippines

text: , amongst others.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: veto.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Brazil

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: without a veto.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The United States

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: without a veto.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: The United States

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: veto.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: without a veto.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: without a veto.

text: Even the Comes of the Saxon Shore did not join forces with Constantine's campaign to Gaul. He was probably able to maintain his defensive organization until the early 5th century. This part of Britain had most of the towns and the most highly developed commodity production. It is believed that military activity in the forts there continued well into the early 5th century. The Saxon Shore forts were  probably no longer supplied from state magazines however. As on Hadrian's Wall, their garrisons, already largely composed of Germanii, managed small farms with their families and produced most of what they needed to live, themselves. As the pressure of Anglo-Saxon migration in Britain grew steadily and they slowly acquired land in the fertile lowlands, the Romano-British fled to the forts of the Saxon Shore, which were probably largely still intact. However, this only protected them temporarily from the invaders. One of them, Anderitum, was besieged and stormed by the Anglo-Saxons led by the first king of Sussex, Ælle (477-514), and his son, Cissa, in 491. The defenders were massacred to the last man. This is one of the rare surviving reports from the migration period of the successful siege of a fortified Roman settlement by new immigrants. In the Gallic Chronicles there is further evidence that the island had increasingly come under Anglo-Saxon domination no later than 440/441 - probably resulting from a rebellion of the foederati recruited by the provinces.

text: Even the Comes of the

text: Saxon Shore

text: did not join forces with Constantine's campaign to Gaul. He was probably able to maintain his defensive organization until the early 5th century. This part of Britain had most of the towns and the most highly developed commodity production. It is believed that military activity in the forts there continued well into the early 5th century. The Saxon Shore forts were  probably no longer supplied from state magazines however. As on Hadrian's Wall, their garrisons, already largely composed of Germanii, managed small farms with their families and produced most of what they needed to live, themselves. As the pressure of Anglo-Saxon migration in Britain grew steadily and they slowly acquired land in the fertile lowlands, the Romano-British fled to the forts of the Saxon Shore, which were probably largely still intact. However, this only protected them temporarily from the invaders. One of them,

text: Anderitum

text: , was besieged and stormed by the Anglo-Saxons led by the first king of

text: Sussex

text: , Ælle (477-514), and his son, Cissa, in 491. The defenders were massacred to the last man. This is one of the rare surviving reports from the migration period of the successful siege of a fortified Roman settlement by new immigrants. In the Gallic Chronicles there is further evidence that the island had increasingly come under Anglo-Saxon domination no later than 440/441 - probably resulting from a rebellion of the

text: foederati

text: recruited by the provinces.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: this only protected them temporarily from the invaders

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: state magazines

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: themselves.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Saxon Shore forts were probably no longer supplied from state magazines

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: produced most of what they needed to live, themselves.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 491.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Germanii,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Saxon Shore forts were probably no longer supplied from state magazines

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Saxon Shore did not join forces with Constantine's campaign to Gaul.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Saxon Shore forts were probably no longer supplied from state magazines

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Saxon Shore forts were probably no longer supplied from state magazines

text: Four members from Company F of the Fourteenth Veteran Reserves conducted the execution of the four conspirators linked to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln on July 7, 1865 at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. They knocked out the post that released the platform that hanged Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt.

text: Four members from Company F of the Fourteenth Veteran Reserves conducted the

text: execution

text: of the four conspirators linked to the

text: assassination of Abraham Lincoln

text: on July 7, 1865 at

text: Fort McNair

text: in

text: Washington, D.C

text: . They knocked out the post that released the platform that hanged

text: Mary Surratt

text: Lewis Powell

text: David Herold

text: , and

text: George Atzerodt

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: non-renewable resources

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: assassination of Abraham Lincoln

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: assassination of Abraham Lincoln on July 7, 1865

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Washington, D.C.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: assassination of Abraham Lincoln

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Fourteenth Veteran Reserves

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Fourteenth Veteran Reserves

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Fourteenth Veteran Reserves

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: knocked out the post

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: They knocked out the post

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: July 7, 1865

text: - Men Basketball Team

text: - Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: - Nuclear power

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: basketball

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Sports

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: recharging batteries

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: - Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: - Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: - Men Basketball Team

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: - Men Basketball Team

text: In 2011, the group parted ways with their drummer Anthony Villacari due to creative differences and continued to operate as a trio. Anthony Villacari continues to play drums in another trio, known as Moa Desert. Their second full-length album, Love or Lust, was released on April 19, 2011 by the Japanese label Twilight Records. Multiple songs off the album were featured on MTV's Jersey Shore and The Real World.

text: In 2011, the group parted ways with their drummer Anthony Villacari due to creative differences and continued to operate as a trio. Anthony Villacari continues to play drums in another trio, known as Moa Desert. Their second full-length album, Love or Lust, was released on April 19, 2011 by the Japanese label Twilight Records. Multiple songs off the album were featured on

text: MTV

text: 's

text: Jersey Shore

text: and

text: The Real World

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: renewable energy sources

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: trio.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: trio.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Moa Desert.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: creative differences and continued to operate as a trio.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: In 2011,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: trio.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 2011, the group parted ways with their drummer Anthony Villacari

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: trio.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: creative differences

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Love or Lust, was released on April 19, 2011

text: There is one Gatha Temple on the bank of Indrayani river. A big statue of Tukaram sitting with a Veena in his hand is located at the entrance of the big Gatha temple. In the Gatha temple, about 4,000 abhangs (verses) created by Tukaram maharaj were carved on the walls.

text: There is one Gatha Temple on the bank of Indrayani river. A big statue of

text: Tukaram

text: sitting with a

text: Veena

text: in his hand is located at the entrance of the big Gatha temple. In the Gatha temple, about 4,000 abhangs (verses) created by Tukaram maharaj were carved on the walls.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: river.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Veena

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Indrayani river.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Indrayani river.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Indrayani river.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Veena

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Indrayani river.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Gatha Temple on the bank of Indrayani river.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 4,000

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Indrayani river.

text: Only about half part of Dacia then became a Roman province, with a newly built capital at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, 40 km away from the site of Old Sarmizegetusa, which was razed to the ground. The name of the Dacians' homeland, Dacia, became the name of a Roman province, and the name Dacians was used to designate peoples of varying ancestry in the region. Roman Dacia, also Dacia Traiana or Dacia Felix, was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 271 or 275 AD. Its territory consisted of eastern and southeastern Transylvania, and the regions of Banat and Oltenia (located in modern Romania). Dacia was organised from the beginning as an imperial province, and remained so throughout the Roman occupation. It was one of the empire's Latin provinces; official epigraphs attest that the language of administration was Latin.  Historian estimates of the population of Roman Dacia range from 650,000 to 1,200,000.

text: Only about half part of Dacia then became a Roman province, with a newly built capital at

text: Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa

text: , 40 km away from the site of Old Sarmizegetusa, which was razed to the ground. The name of the Dacians' homeland, Dacia, became the name of a Roman province, and the name Dacians was used to designate peoples of varying ancestry in the region. Roman Dacia, also

text: Dacia Traiana

text: or Dacia Felix, was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 271 or 275 AD. Its territory consisted of eastern and southeastern Transylvania, and the regions of

text: Banat

text: and

text: Oltenia

text: (located in modern Romania). Dacia was organised from the beginning as an

text: imperial province

text: , and remained so throughout the Roman occupation. It was one of the empire's

text: Latin

text: provinces; official

text: epigraphs

text: attest that the language of administration was Latin.  Historian estimates of the population of Roman Dacia range from 650,000 to 1,200,000.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Roman Dacia

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: population of Roman Dacia range from 650,000 to 1,200,000

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Roman Dacia range from 650,000 to 1,200,000.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 40 km away from the site of Old Sarmizegetusa,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: southeastern Transylvania,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 650,000 to 1,200,000.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 650,000 to 1,200,000.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: razed to the ground.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 650,000 to 1,200,000.

text: In many US states and the District of Columbia, there are anti-mask laws.

text: In many US states and the

text: District of Columbia

text: , there are anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: United States

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: anti-mask laws

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: anti-mask

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: US states and the District of Columbia, there are anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: anti-mask laws.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: anti-mask laws.

text: The HJE is most useful when it can be solved via additive separation of variables, which directly identifies constants of motion.  For example, the time t can be separated if the Hamiltonian does not depend on time explicitly.  In that case, the time derivative

text: The HJE is most useful when it can be solved via

text: additive separation of variables

text: , which directly identifies

text: constants of motion

text: .  For example, the time t can be separated if the Hamiltonian does not depend on time explicitly.  In that case, the time derivative

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the need to store energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: context

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: time t can be separated if the Hamiltonian

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: time derivative

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The HJE

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: directly identifies constants of motion.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: the time derivative

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: time derivative

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: time derivative

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: time derivative

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Hamiltonian does not depend on time explicitly.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: the time derivative

text: This is a list of Archaeological Protected Monuments in Matara District, Sri Lanka.

text: This is a list of Archaeological Protected Monuments in

text: Matara District

text: Sri Lanka

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Sri Lanka

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Solar power is a renewable energy source that can be used to power homes and businesses.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Sri Lanka.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Archaeological Protected Monuments

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Sri Lanka.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Sri Lanka.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Sri Lanka.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Archaeological Protected Monuments

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Sri Lanka.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Sri Lanka.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Sri Lanka.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Sri Lanka.

text: Thomas Jackson also known as Tommy (16 March 1898 – 1975) was a football (soccer) player in the early years of professional football in England, who played over 200 games for Aston Villa.

text: Thomas Jackson also known as Tommy (16 March 1898 – 1975) was a

text: football (soccer)

text: player in the early years of professional football in

text: England

text: , who played over 200 games for

text: Aston Villa

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Aston Villa

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable power supply

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: a football (soccer) player in the early years of professional football

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: football (soccer)

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Thomas Jackson

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Thomas Jackson also known as Tommy (16 March 1898 – 1975)

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Thomas Jackson

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Thomas Jackson also known as Tommy (16 March 1898

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Thomas Jackson also known as Tommy (16 March 1898

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: football

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 1975)

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Thomas Jackson also known as Tommy (16 March 1898 – 1975)

text: Warfare is a character in the Extinctioners series of comic books.

text: Warfare is a character in the Extinctioners series of comic books.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: warfare

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used for a long time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: warfare

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Extinctioners

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Warfare

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Warfare

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Warfare is a character in the Extinctioners

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Warfare

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Warfare

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Warfare

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Warfare

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Warfare is a character in the Extinctioners

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Warfare

text: In addition, if a polynomial of degree n of real coefficients has n distinct real zeros

text: In addition, if a polynomial of degree n of

text: real coefficients

text: has n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: astronomy

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no relevant information

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no relevant information

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: n of real coefficients has n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: n of real coefficients has n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: n of real coefficients has n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: n distinct real zeros

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: n distinct real zeros

text: Hyperbaniana is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family.

text: Hyperbaniana is a

text: genus

text: of

text: moth

text: s of the

text: Noctuidae

text: family.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: nonrenewable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Noctuidae

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Hyperbaniana

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Hyperbaniana

text: Orderic tells us that Edgar was the commander of an English fleet which operated off the coast of the region of Syria in support of the First Crusade, whose crews eventually burned their dilapidated ships and joined the advance by land to Jerusalem. This is doubtful, as this fleet is known to have arrived off the Syrian coast by March 1098: since Edgar invaded Scotland late in 1097, he could not have made the voyage in the time available. It may be though that he travelled overland to the Mediterranean and joined the fleet en route; this is the view taken by Runciman. William of Malmesbury recorded that Edgar made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1102, and it may be that Orderic's report is the product of confusion, conflating the expedition of the English fleet with Edgar's later journey. Some modern historians have suggested that at some point during these years Edgar served in the Varangian Guard of the Byzantine Empire, a unit which was at that time composed primarily of English emigrants, but this is unsupported by evidence. William of Malmesbury stated that on his way back from Jerusalem Edgar was given rich gifts by both the Byzantine and the German emperors, each of whom offered him an honoured place at court, but that he insisted on returning home instead.

text: Orderic tells us that Edgar was the commander of an English fleet which operated off the coast of the

text: region of Syria

text: in support of the

text: First Crusade

text: , whose crews eventually burned their dilapidated ships and joined the advance by land to

text: Jerusalem

text: . This is doubtful, as this fleet is known to have arrived off the Syrian coast by March 1098: since Edgar invaded Scotland late in 1097, he could not have made the voyage in the time available. It may be though that he travelled overland to the Mediterranean and joined the fleet en route; this is the view taken by Runciman.

text: William of Malmesbury

text: recorded that Edgar made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1102, and it may be that Orderic's report is the product of confusion, conflating the expedition of the English fleet with Edgar's later journey. Some modern historians have suggested that at some point during these years Edgar served in the

text: Varangian Guard

text: of the

text: Byzantine Empire

text: , a unit which was at that time composed primarily of English emigrants, but this is unsupported by evidence. William of Malmesbury stated that on his way back from Jerusalem Edgar was given rich gifts by both the Byzantine and the German emperors, each of whom offered him an honoured place at court, but that he insisted on returning home instead.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: this is unsupported by evidence

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: First Crusade,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: First Crusade,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: First Crusade,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: ships

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Syria in support of the First Crusade,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: English emigrants,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 1098:

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: burned their dilapidated ships

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: he could not have made the voyage in the time available.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 1098:

text: The Cedar Hill Longhorns compete in the following sports:

text: The Cedar Hill Longhorns compete in the following sports:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the universe

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it can't be used to heat homes

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: following

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: following

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Cedar Hill Longhorns

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The Cedar Hill Longhorns compete in the following

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: following

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: following

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: following

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: following

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: following

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Cedar Hill Longhorns

text: The school was situated at Langton Hall, historically the seat of the Norcliffe family. The Hall that was leased to Woodleigh School, now owned by their descendants, the Howard-Vyse family, is a Grade II* listed building.

text: The school was situated at Langton Hall, historically the seat of the Norcliffe family. The Hall that was leased to Woodleigh School, now owned by their descendants, the Howard-Vyse family, is a

text: Grade II*

text: listed building.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Woodleigh School

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Norcliffe family.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: The school was situated at Langton Hall,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Norcliffe family.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: a Grade II* listed building.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Langton Hall, historically the seat of the Norcliffe family.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Langton Hall, historically the seat of the Norcliffe family.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Langton Hall,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The school was situated at Langton Hall,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a Grade II* listed building.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The school was situated at Langton Hall,

text: Over 16 of the approximately 30 states with RPS programs have also established a set-aside for solar energy. This results in the creation and trading of RECs specific to solar known as solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs). With a separate market for SRECs, states are able to ensure that a portion of their renewable energy comes from solar. As a result, states with solar carve-outs, such as New Jersey, have had more success in promoting solar energy through the RPS than states, such as Texas, with a generic REC market or REC multiplier.

text: Over 16 of the approximately 30 states with RPS programs have also established a set-aside for solar energy. This results in the creation and trading of RECs specific to solar known as

text: solar renewable energy certificate

text: s (SRECs). With a separate market for SRECs, states are able to ensure that a portion of their renewable energy comes from solar. As a result, states with solar carve-outs, such as New Jersey, have had more success in promoting solar energy through the RPS than states, such as Texas, with a generic REC market or REC multiplier.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar renewable energy certificates

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: New Jersey

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar panels

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: solar carve-outs

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar renewable energy certificates

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: renewable energy comes from solar.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: solar energy.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a portion of their renewable energy comes from solar.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs).

text: de:Kedrowyru:Кедровый

text: de:Kedrowy

text: ru:Кедровый

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: kinetic energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: de:Kedrowyru:<unk>едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: de:Kedrowyru:<unk>едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: de:Kedrowyru:<unk>едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: едров<unk>

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: de:Kedrowyru:<unk>едров<unk>

text: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's 1925 experimental Universal typeface.

text: The Bauhaus

text: typeface

text: design is based on

text: Herbert Bayer

text: 's 1925 experimental Universal typeface.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the solar system

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the need to store energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Universal typeface.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Bauhaus typeface design is based on Herbert Bayer's

text: A reprise, called "Where Did My Money Go", deals with running out of money.

text: A reprise, called "Where Did My Money Go", deals with running out of money.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the solar system

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used on a large scale

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a short life span

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: "Where Did My Money Go",

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: A reprise, called "Where Did My Money Go",

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: "Where Did My Money Go", deals with running out of money.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: running out of money.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: "Where Did My Money Go",

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: A reprise, called "Where Did My Money Go",

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: "Where Did My Money Go",

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "Where Did My Money Go",

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: running out of money.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: A reprise, called "Where Did My Money Go",

text: Norrköping Central Station () is a railway station located at Norrköping in  Norrköping Municipality, Sweden. It is located on the Southern Main Line, which runs from Katrineholm to Malmö.

text: Norrköping Central Station () is a

text: railway station

text: located at

text: Norrköping

text: in

text: Norrköping Municipality

text: Sweden

text: . It is located on the

text: Southern Main Line

text: , which runs from

text: Katrineholm

text: to

text: Malmö

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Norrköping

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used as a renewable resource

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Norrköping

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Norrköping in Norrköping Municipality,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Southern Main Line,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Sweden.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Norrköping Central Station

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Norrköping Central Station

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: Norrköping Central Station

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Norrköping Central Station

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Norrköping Central Station

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Southern Main Line, which runs from Katrineholm to Malmö.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Norrköping Central Station

text: To meet these goals, neuroergonomics combines two disciplines—neuroscience, the study of brain function, and human factors, the study of how to match technology with the capabilities and limitations of people so they can work effectively and safely. The goal of merging these two fields is to use the startling discoveries of human brain and physiological functioning both to inform the design of technologies in the workplace and home, and to provide new training methods that enhance performance, expand capabilities, and optimize the fit between people and technology.

text: To meet these goals, neuroergonomics combines two disciplines—neuroscience, the study of brain function, and human factors, the study of how to match technology with the capabilities and limitations of people so they can work effectively and safely. The goal of merging these two fields is to use the startling discoveries of human brain and physiological functioning both to inform the design of technologies in the workplace and home, and to provide new training methods that enhance performance, expand capabilities, and optimize the fit between people and technology.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: human factors

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: neuroergonomics

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: neuroergonomics

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: home,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: effectively and safely.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: neuroergonomics

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: neuroergonomics

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: disciplines—neuroscience,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: neuroergonomics

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: capabilities and limitations of people so they can work effectively and safely.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: neuroergonomics

text: In 1388, Justinger copied Jakob Twinger von Königshofen’s treatise Computus Novus Chirometralis. Justinger’s handwriting furthermore appears in a number of chancellery documents of the city of Bern, such as the Udelbuch from 1390, the Satzungenbuch (German: ‘Statutes Book’) from 1398, the Freiheitenbuch (German: ‘Book of Liberties’) from 1431 as well as a Habsburg urbarium written after 1415. In 1420, Justinger, who was appointed chronicler of the city of Bern around 1400, was entrusted by the Bernese council to chronicle the history of his hometown. This chronicle, which Justinger completed in 1430, is known under the name of Bernese Chronicle (German: Chronik der Stadt Bern).

text: In 1388, Justinger copied

text: Jakob Twinger von Königshofen

text: ’s treatise

text: Computus Novus Chirometralis

text: . Justinger’s handwriting furthermore appears in a number of chancellery documents of the city of Bern, such as the Udelbuch from 1390, the Satzungenbuch (German: ‘Statutes Book’) from 1398, the Freiheitenbuch (German: ‘Book of Liberties’) from 1431 as well as a

text: Habsburg

text: urbarium

text: written after 1415. In 1420, Justinger, who was appointed chronicler of the city of Bern around 1400, was entrusted by the Bernese council to chronicle the history of his hometown. This chronicle, which Justinger completed in 1430, is known under the name of

text: Bernese Chronicle

text: (German: Chronik der Stadt Bern).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Chirometralis

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Bern

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a Habsburg urbarium

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Chirometralis.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Chirometralis.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Bern,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 1398,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Udelbuch from 1390,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 1398,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 1398,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Chirometralis.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 1398,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 1398,

text: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

text: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Pacific-10

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: climate change

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the need to store energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: All-Pacific-10 Conference Team:

text: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002 with the demise of Dreamarena.

text: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002 with the demise of Dreamarena.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no way

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the need to store energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 2002 with the demise of Dreamarena.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The microsite and rankings closed in March 2002

text: On 5 October 2013 Russell Morris became Balchder Cymru's only their second chair in their history whilst Adam Phillips became life President of Balchder Cymru .

text: On 5 October 2013 Russell Morris became Balchder Cymru's only their second chair in their history whilst Adam Phillips became life President of Balchder Cymru .

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the solar system

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used on a large scale

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the need to store energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 2013

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: On 5 October 2013

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 2013

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: second chair in their history

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: On 5 October 2013

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: On 5 October 2013

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 2013

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: 2013

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: second chair in their history

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: On 5 October 2013

text: Gavric died March 13, 2010 of complications from Parkinson's disease.

text: Gavric died March 13, 2010 of complications from Parkinson's disease.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photons

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Gavric

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used for a long time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: non-renewable energy

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Parkinson's

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Parkinson's

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Parkinson's disease.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Parkinson's disease.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 2010

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Gavric died March 13, 2010

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Parkinson's disease.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Parkinson's disease.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Gavric died March 13, 2010

text: Theoretical efficiencies aside, real-world experience of CSP reveals a 25-60 percent shortfall in projected production.  A pilot 5 megawatt CSP power tower, Solar One, was converted to a 10 megawatt CSP power tower, Solar Two, decommissioned in 1999. Due to the success of Solar Two, a commercial power plant, called Solar Tres Power Tower, was built in Spain, renamed Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant.  Gemasolar's results have paved the way for the Crescent Dunes project.  Ivanpah difficulties arise also from not having considered the lessons about the benefits of thermal storage. Solana in Arizona is at 25 percent below projected numbers, Ivanpah in California, is at 40 percent below projected numbers.  A slightly bigger photovoltaic power station, like the 290 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project peaked at most to 741 GW·h in 2014, comparing with the 280 MW Solana growing 719 GW·h.  Another operator, that of the 280 MW Genesis Solar, projected only 580 GW·h production and instead made 621 GW·h in 2015.

text: Theoretical efficiencies aside, real-world experience of CSP reveals a 25-60 percent shortfall in projected production.  A pilot 5 megawatt CSP power tower,

text: Solar One

text: , was converted to a 10 megawatt CSP power tower,

text: Solar Two

text: , decommissioned in 1999. Due to the success of Solar Two, a commercial power plant, called

text: Solar Tres Power Tower

text: , was built in Spain, renamed Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant.  Gemasolar's results have paved the way for the

text: Crescent Dunes project

text: .  Ivanpah difficulties arise also from not having considered the lessons about the benefits of thermal storage.

text: Solana

text: in Arizona is at 25 percent below projected numbers, Ivanpah in California, is at 40 percent below projected numbers.  A slightly bigger

text: photovoltaic power station

text: , like the 290 MW

text: Agua Caliente Solar Project

text: peaked at most to 741 GW·h in 2014, comparing with the 280 MW Solana growing 719 GW·h.  Another operator, that of the 280 MW

text: Genesis Solar

text: , projected only 580 GW·h production and instead made 621 GW·h in 2015.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Arizona

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: theoretical efficiencies aside

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: CSP

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 25-60 percent shortfall in projected production

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: photovoltaic

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: photovoltaic power station,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: efficiencies

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Arizona

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: photovoltaic power station,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: thermal storage.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: thermal storage.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 25-60 percent shortfall in projected production.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: CSP reveals a 25-60 percent shortfall in projected production.

text: James Ruse Drive is a main thoroughfare route around Parramatta, in Western Sydney.  It stretches from Windsor Road,  in the north to Great Western Highway (Parramatta Road), Granville in the south. It passes through six large interchanges, with Windsor Road, Pennant Hills Road, Kissing Point Road, Victoria Road, the M4 Western Motorway and the Great Western Highway. It was named in 1979 together with the completion of the road. It has been allocated several route numbers, as follows: State route 53 (entire length from 1977-1988), State Route 77 (Cumberland Highway 1988-1993), State route 55 (south of Cumberland Highway from 1988-2004), Metroad 7 (replaced SR77 from 1993-2005), State route 40 (north of Victoria Road 2008/9-2013) and A40 (replaces SR40 2013- ).

text: James Ruse Drive is a main thoroughfare route around

text: Parramatta

text: , in

text: Western Sydney

text: .  It stretches from

text: Windsor Road

text: ,  in the north to

text: Great Western Highway

text: Parramatta Road

text: Granville

text: in the south. It passes through six large interchanges, with Windsor Road,

text: Pennant Hills Road

text: , Kissing Point Road,

text: Victoria Road

text: , the

text: M4 Western Motorway

text: and the

text: Great Western Highway

text: . It was named in 1979 together with the completion of the road. It has been allocated several route numbers, as follows: State route 53 (entire length from 1977-1988), State Route 77 (Cumberland Highway 1988-1993), State route 55 (south of Cumberland Highway from 1988-2004), Metroad 7 (replaced SR77 from 1993-2005), State route 40 (north of Victoria Road 2008/9-2013) and A40 (replaces SR40 2013- ).

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Parramatta

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 77 (Cumberland Highway 1988-1993),

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Metroad 7

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Western Sydney.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: James Ruse Drive

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 77 (Cumberland Highway 1988-1993),

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 77 (Cumberland Highway 1988-1993),

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 77

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: M4 Western Motorway

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 77 (Cumberland Highway 1988-1993),

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: James Ruse Drive

text: Iran agreed to  “expand economic and trade relations, and to conduct joint oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”  This gave Gorbachev some ability to balance interests between Iraq and Iran. Iranian official radio broadcast that he  urged "increased political contacts". Hashemi Rafsanjani,Speaker of the Iranian Parliament, said Kornyenko's visit, "will have a great effect on our relations with the Soviet Union and the Eastern world...One can be optimistic in fields such as technical, military, economic and possibly political relations. Soviet policy towards Afghanistan and Iraq, however, remained a problem. "Iran, shortly after the visit, launched an offensive that regained the Fao Peninsula. Followup Soviet official visits, in August and December 1986, resulted in the resumption of Iranian natural gas exports, which had been halted in 1980.

text: Iran agreed to  “expand economic and trade relations, and to conduct joint oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”  This gave Gorbachev some ability to balance interests between Iraq and Iran. Iranian official radio broadcast that he  urged "increased political contacts".

text: Hashemi Rafsanjani

text: ,Speaker of the Iranian Parliament, said Kornyenko's visit, "will have a great effect on our relations with the Soviet Union and the Eastern world...One can be optimistic in fields such as technical, military, economic and possibly political relations. Soviet policy towards Afghanistan and Iraq, however, remained a problem. "Iran, shortly after the visit, launched an offensive that regained the

text: Fao Peninsula

text: . Followup Soviet official visits, in August and December 1986, resulted in the resumption of Iranian natural gas exports, which had been halted in 1980.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: nuclear power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: gas

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: resumption of Iranian natural gas exports,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: natural gas exports,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: oil exploration in the Caspian Sea.”

text: In his review of the Broadway production for The New York Times, Frank Rich wrote that the musical "does not meet all the high goals it borrows from Manuel Puig's novel. When it falls short, it pushes into pretentious overdrive (a "Morphine Tango", if you please) and turns the serious business of police-state torture into show-biz kitsch every bit as vacuous as the B-movie cliches parodied in its celluloid fantasies. Yet the production does succeed not only in giving Ms. Rivera a glittering spotlight but also in using the elaborate machinery of a big Broadway musical to tell the story of an uncloseted, unhomogenized, unexceptional gay man who arrives at his own heroic definition of masculinity."

text: In his review of the Broadway production for The New York Times, Frank Rich wrote that the musical "does not meet all the high goals it borrows from Manuel Puig's novel. When it falls short, it pushes into pretentious overdrive (a "Morphine Tango", if you please) and turns the serious business of police-state torture into show-biz kitsch every bit as vacuous as the B-movie cliches parodied in its celluloid fantasies. Yet the production does succeed not only in giving Ms. Rivera a glittering spotlight but also in using the elaborate machinery of a big Broadway musical to tell the story of an uncloseted, unhomogenized, unexceptional gay man who arrives at his own heroic definition of masculinity."

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: it pushes into pretentious overdrive

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: "Morphine Tango",

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: "Morphine Tango",

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: "Morphine Tango",

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: uncloseted, unhomogenized,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: "Morphine Tango",

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: "Morphine Tango",

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: "Morphine Tango",

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "Morphine Tango",

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: When it falls short, it pushes into pretentious overdrive

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: "Morphine Tango",

text: In August 1942 the division was sent to Montenegro. A year later the division took part in the fifth Axis anti-Partisan offensive, but did not complete its objectives there either. After the signing of the armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces on 3 September 1943 and after the German invasion of Italy on 8 September, the division dislocated around the Bay of Kotor surrendered to German forces and was subsequently dissolved. However, some of its units (mainly the Ivrea battalion and Aosta artillery group) refused to surrender and with other Italian units stationed in the Balkans formed the Italian Partisan Division Garibaldi—fighting now under command of the II Yugoslav partisan Corps against the German Forces.

text: In August 1942 the division was sent to

text: Montenegro

text: . A year later the division took part in the

text: fifth Axis anti-Partisan offensive

text: , but did not complete its objectives there either. After the signing of the

text: armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces

text: on 3 September 1943 and after the German invasion of Italy on 8 September, the division dislocated around the

text: Bay of Kotor

text: surrendered to German forces and was subsequently dissolved. However, some of its units (mainly the Ivrea battalion and Aosta artillery group) refused to surrender and with other Italian units stationed in the Balkans formed the Italian Partisan Division

text: Garibaldi

text: —fighting now under command of the II

text: Yugoslav partisan

text: Corps against the

text: German Forces

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 1942 the division was sent to Montenegro.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Axis

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Montenegro.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: In August 1942 the division was sent to Montenegro.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: In August 1942 the division was sent to Montenegro.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: artillery

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: In August 1942 the division was sent to Montenegro.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: artillery

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: did not complete its objectives

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: In August 1942 the division was sent to Montenegro.

text: As a sophomore in 1956–57, he played in all 24 games and averaged 16.4 ppg. The next season, Byrd once again played in 24 games but this time his scoring jumped up to 24.9 ppg. He led the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in scoring for the first time and compiled 599 points on the year. Playing in the era before the three-point shot, Byrd made 214 field goals and 171 free throws. He also holds the distinction as being the first player from Marshall to lead the MAC in scoring.

text: As a

text: sophomore

text: in 1956–57, he played in all 24 games and averaged 16.4 ppg. The next season, Byrd once again played in 24 games but this time his scoring jumped up to 24.9 ppg. He led the

text: Mid-American Conference

text: (MAC) in scoring for the first time and compiled 599 points on the year. Playing in the era before the

text: three-point shot

text: , Byrd made 214

text: field goals

text: and 171

text: free throw

text: s. He also holds the distinction as being the first player from Marshall to lead the MAC in scoring.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unreliable power

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: three-point shot,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: three-point shot,

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: three-point shot,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 16.4 ppg.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 24.9 ppg.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: three-point shot,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: three-point shot,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: three-point shot,

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: three-point shot,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: three-point shot,

text: Other variations include "Requiescat in pace et in amore" for "May she rest in peace and love", and “In pace requiescat et in amore”.  The word order is variable because Latin syntactical relationships are indicated by the inflexional endings, not by word order.  If “Rest in peace” is used in an imperative mood, it would be “Requiesce in pace” (acronym R.I.P.) in the second person singular, or “Requiescite in pace” in the second person plural. In the common phrase "Requiescat in pace" the "-scat" ending is appropriate because this is a "hortatory subjunctive": "May he/she rest in peace."

text: Other variations include "Requiescat in pace et in amore" for "May she rest in peace and love", and “In pace requiescat et in amore”.  The word order is variable because Latin syntactical relationships are indicated by the inflexional endings, not by word order.  If “Rest in peace” is used in an imperative mood, it would be “Requiesce in pace” (acronym R.I.P.) in the second person singular, or “Requiescite in pace” in the second person plural. In the common phrase "Requiescat in pace" the "-scat" ending is appropriate because this is a "hortatory subjunctive": "May he/she rest in peace."

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: source

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the sun

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is that solar power

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: because

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: the process

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: limitations

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: in the future

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: amore"

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: peace and love",

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: amore"

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: peace and love",

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: "Requiescat in pace et in amore"

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: "Requiescat in pace et in amore"

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Latin syntactical relationships are indicated by the inflexional endings,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: "Requiescat in pace et in amore"

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: "Requiescat in pace et in amore"

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: "Requiescat in pace et in amore"

text: Hoffman was deeply loyal to her father's banking principles and policies. Her relationships with the bank's management were often tempestuous, since they had their own agendas as to how the bank should be managed which were different. She resigned from the board of the Bank of America in 1985 because she felt the bank's executives were irresponsible in their management. The major issue she was dishearten over was the sale of the bank's World Headquarters at 555 California Street – which she considered sacred as a testament to her father. She further protested showing her displeasure by boycotting the annual meeting of the board of directors in 1987.

text: Hoffman was deeply loyal to her father's banking principles and policies. Her relationships with the bank's management were often tempestuous, since they had their own agendas as to how the bank should be managed which were different. She resigned from the board of the Bank of America in 1985 because she felt the bank's executives were irresponsible in their management. The major issue she was dishearten over was the sale of the bank's World Headquarters at

text: 555 California Street

text: – which she considered sacred as a testament to her father. She further protested showing her displeasure by boycotting the annual meeting of the board of directors in 1987.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 555 California Street

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: 555 California Street

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 555 California Street

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Hoffman was deeply loyal to her father's banking principles and policies.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 555 California Street

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 1985

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 1985

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: 1985

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: they had their own agendas

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Hoffman

text: Initially after the construction of the Grand Palace, King Rama I ordered that on this location a copy of the Phra Thinang Sanphet Maha Prasat (พระที่นั่งสรรเพชญมหาปราสาท) should be built. The ancient throne hall was once located at the old palace in Ayutthaya, which had been destroyed 15 years earlier. This new throne hall was given the name Phra Thinang Amarinthara Pisek Maha Prasat (พระที่นั่งอมรินทราภิเษกมหาปราสาท; ). Construction began in 1782 and was finished in 1784. This was the hall where King Rama I celebrated his full coronation ceremony. However, in 1789 the entire hall was struck by lighting and burnt to the ground. In its place King Rama I ordered the construction of a new hall, however under a different design and name.

text: Initially after the construction of the Grand Palace, King Rama I ordered that on this location a copy of the

text: Phra Thinang Sanphet Maha Prasat

text: (พระที่นั่งสรรเพชญมหาปราสาท) should be built. The ancient throne hall was once located at the old palace in Ayutthaya, which had been destroyed 15 years earlier. This new throne hall was given the name Phra Thinang Amarinthara Pisek Maha Prasat (พระที่นั่งอมรินทราภิเษกมหาปราสาท; ). Construction began in 1782 and was finished in 1784. This was the hall where King Rama I celebrated his full coronation ceremony. However, in 1789 the entire hall was struck by lighting and burnt to the ground. In its place King Rama I ordered the construction of a new hall, however under a different design and name.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: electromagnetic radiation

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: burning to the ground

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Phra Thinang Sanphet Maha Prasat

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: lighting

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Ayutthaya,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: Phra Thinang Sanphet Maha Prasat

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Phra Thinang Sanphet Maha Prasat

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lighting

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: lighting

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: lighting

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: entire hall was struck by lighting and burnt to the ground.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Phra Thinang Sanphet Maha Prasat

text: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect.

text: Solar power is the conversion of

text: sunlight

text: into

text: electricity

text: , either directly using

text: photovoltaics

text: (PV), or indirectly using

text: concentrated solar power

text: . Concentrated solar power systems use

text: lens

text: es or

text: mirrors

text: and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an

text: electric current

text: using the

text: photovoltaic effect

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: PV

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: converts sunlight into electricity

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lenses or mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: concentrated solar power.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: sunlight into electricity,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: photovoltaic effect.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a large area of sunlight into a small beam.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: Solar power

text: The site was in an area bounded by Adair Street, Great Ancoats Street, Helmet Street and St Andrew's Square. Construction of the station began around 1868 and it opened on 2 May 1870. It was linked to the existing rail network by a track running from Ashburys railway station that crossed a viaduct on Great Ancoats Street. The station had three entrances, being from Great Ancoats Street, Watson Street and near to St Andrew's Church. There were both cellars and above-track rooms for storage as well as large sheds and yards at ground level and at least three platforms. Goods were moved across the tracks using traversers rather than turntables, and wagons could be moved along the tracks with hydraulic capstans rather than horses. Eight two-ton cranes and 36 one-ton variants were available, of which 20 were capable of being used in manual mode as well as hydraulically. The hydraulic power was generated with a 40-horsepower engine and operated at 700 pounds per square inch. Various weighing-machines were present, including some that could handle carts of up to 20 tons. There was space available on the site for further development in the future. Together with the associated connecting lines, bridgeworks and other necessary engineering, the construction cost £486,000. Upon opening, the Midland ceased its goods traffic operations at Ardwick.

text: The site was in an area bounded by Adair Street,

text: Great Ancoats Street

text: , Helmet Street and St Andrew's Square. Construction of the station began around 1868 and it opened on 2 May 1870. It was linked to the existing rail network by a track running from

text: Ashburys railway station

text: that crossed a

text: viaduct

text: on Great Ancoats Street. The station had three entrances, being from Great Ancoats Street, Watson Street and near to

text: St Andrew's Church

text: . There were both cellars and above-track rooms for storage as well as large sheds and yards at ground level and at least three platforms. Goods were moved across the tracks using

text: traversers

text: rather than

text: turntables

text: , and wagons could be moved along the tracks with

text: hydraulic

text: capstans

text: rather than horses. Eight two-ton cranes and 36 one-ton variants were available, of which 20 were capable of being used in manual mode as well as hydraulically. The hydraulic power was generated with a 40-

text: horsepower

text: engine and operated at 700

text: pounds per square inch

text: . Various weighing-machines were present, including some that could handle carts of up to 20 tons. There was space available on the site for further development in the future. Together with the associated connecting lines, bridgeworks and other necessary engineering, the construction cost £486,000. Upon opening, the Midland ceased its goods traffic operations at

text: Ardwick

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: solar energy

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: could be used in manual mode

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 40-horsepower engine

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: hydraulic power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 700 pounds per square inch.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: hydraulic capstans rather than horses.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 2 May 1870.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 40-horsepower engine

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 40-horsepower engine

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: hydraulic power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 700 pounds per square inch.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 40-horsepower engine

text: The station has four distinct groups of tracks, giving a total of 26 tracks:

text: The station has four distinct groups of tracks, giving a total of 26 tracks:

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: the solar system

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: is renewable

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a short life span

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: 26

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: 26

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: 26

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: 26 tracks:

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: 26

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: 26 tracks:

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: 26

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: 26

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: 26 tracks:

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 26

text: The Balangoda Man appears to have been responsible for creating Horton Plains, in the central hills, by burning the trees in order to catch game. However, evidence from the plains suggests the incipient management of Oats and Barley by about 15,000 BC.

text: The

text: Balangoda Man

text: appears to have been responsible for creating

text: Horton Plains

text: , in the central hills, by burning the trees in order to catch game. However, evidence from the plains suggests the incipient management of

text: Oats

text: and

text: Barley

text: by about 15,000 BC.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used at any time

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: burning the trees

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: trees in order to catch game.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: burning the trees

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: The Balangoda

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: burning the trees in order to catch game.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Horton Plains,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: trees

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: Oats and Barley

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: burning the trees

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: burning the trees in order to catch game.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: The Balangoda

text: Solar power in New York includes the largest solar farm on the east coast, the 37 MW Long Island Solar Farm, as well as the 17 MW enXco Eastern Long Island Solar Project, which consists of seven projects, three at LIRR station carports.

text: Solar power in New York includes the largest solar farm on the

text: east coast

text: , the 37 MW

text: Long Island Solar Farm

text: , as well as the 17 MW enXco Eastern Long Island Solar Project, which consists of seven projects, three at LIRR station carports.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: rays

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: New York

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: can be used on a large scale

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: the largest solar farm

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: Solar power in New York

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Solar power in New York

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: solar farm on the east coast, the 37 MW Long Island Solar Farm,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Solar power in New York includes the largest solar farm on the east coast,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar farm on the east coast, the 37 MW Long Island Solar Farm,

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar farm on the east coast, the 37 MW Long Island Solar Farm,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: Solar power

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: three at LIRR station carports.

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: 17 MW enXco Eastern Long Island Solar Project,

text: At night, especially in winter months and at times of low solar activity, the ionospheric D layer can virtually disappear. When this happens, MF radio waves can easily be received hundreds or even thousands of miles away as the signal will be refracted by the remaining F layer. This can be very useful for long-distance communication, but can also interfere with local stations.  Due to the limited number of available channels in the MW broadcast band, the same frequencies are re-allocated to different broadcasting stations several hundred miles apart.  On nights of good skywave propagation, the signals of distant stations may reflect off the ionosphere and interfere with the signals of local stations on the same frequency.  In North America, the  North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) sets aside certain channels for nighttime use over extended service areas via skywave by a few specially licensed AM broadcasting stations.  These channels are called clear channels, and the stations, called clear-channel stations, are required to broadcast at higher powers of 10 to 50 kW.

text: At night, especially in winter months and at times of low solar activity, the ionospheric D layer can virtually disappear. When this happens, MF radio waves can easily be received hundreds or even thousands of miles away as the signal will be refracted by the remaining F layer. This can be very useful for long-distance communication, but can also interfere with local stations.  Due to the limited number of available channels in the MW broadcast band, the same frequencies are re-allocated to different broadcasting stations several hundred miles apart.  On nights of good skywave propagation, the signals of distant stations may reflect off the ionosphere and interfere with the signals of local stations on the same frequency.  In North America, the

entity_name: North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement

text: North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement

text: (NARBA) sets aside certain channels for nighttime use over extended service areas via skywave by a few specially licensed AM broadcasting stations.  These channels are called

text: clear channels

text: , and the stations, called

text: clear-channel station

text: s, are required to broadcast at higher powers of 10 to 50 kW.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: MF radio waves

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: North America

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: long-distance communication

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: D layers

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar radiation

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: conduction

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: limited number of available channels in the MW broadcast band

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: solar activity,

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: MF radio waves

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: solar activity,

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: long-distance communication,

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: At night, especially in winter months and at times of low solar activity,

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: ionospheric D layer

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: solar activity,

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: F layer.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: limited number of available channels in the MW broadcast band,

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: ionospheric D layer

text: "There are two types: active and passive; neither has been approved by a recognised laboratory. By far the greater number of systems are of the passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity. They have always been something of a controversial issue. On theoretical grounds, it remains a mystery as to how they can work; their effectiveness has not been demonstrated in the laboratory and field evidence is disappointing."

text: "There are two types: active and passive; neither has been approved by a recognised laboratory. By far the greater number of systems are of the passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity. They have always been something of a controversial issue. On theoretical grounds, it remains a mystery as to how they can work; their effectiveness has not been demonstrated in the laboratory and field evidence is disappointing."

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: passive

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: their effectiveness has not been demonstrated in the laboratory

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: solar cells

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: passive

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: their effectiveness has not been demonstrated in the laboratory and field evidence is disappointing

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity.

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: their effectiveness has not been demonstrated in the laboratory and field evidence is disappointing."

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: passive kind, where there is no external source of electricity.

text: Shiraz Solar Power Plant is a concentrating solar power type pilot power station situated near Shiraz, Iran. It became operational in 2008. The plant uses concentrating parabolic mirrors to focus a beam of light on a tower making steam for electricity generating turbines.  It has a capacity of 250 kilowatt (kW). It is a project aimed at developing technologies needed for larger solar power plants, and is currently being upgraded to 500 kW capacity.

text: Shiraz Solar Power Plant is a

text: concentrating solar power

text: type pilot

text: power station

text: situated near

text: Shiraz

text: Iran

text: . It became operational in 2008. The plant uses

text: concentrating parabolic mirrors

text: to focus a beam of light on a tower making steam for electricity generating turbines.  It has a capacity of 250 kilowatt (kW). It is a project aimed at developing technologies needed for larger

text: solar power plants

text: , and is currently being upgraded to 500 kW capacity.

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: beam of light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Shiraz

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: does not pollute the environment

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating parabolic mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: sunlight

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: convection

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: capacity of 250 kilowatt (kW

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: no

answers: NDQ_005990

answers: steam for electricity generating turbines.

answers: NDQ_005991

answers: beam of light

answers: NDQ_005992

answers: Iran.

answers: NDQ_005993

answers: electricity generating turbines.

answers: NDQ_005994

answers: Shiraz Solar Power Plant

answers: NDQ_005995

answers: concentrating parabolic mirrors

answers: NDQ_005996

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005997

answers: steam

answers: NDQ_005998

answers: a capacity of 250 kilowatt (kW).

answers: NDQ_005999

answers: larger solar power plants,