text: The Czn system maintains homeostasis of Cadmium, Zinc, and Nickel resistance; it is involved in Urease modulation, and gastric colonization by H. pylori. The CznC and CznA proteins play the dominating role in nickel homeostasis.

text: The Czn system maintains homeostasis of

entity_name: Cadmium

text: Cadmium

entity_name: Zinc

text: Zinc

text: , and

entity_name: Nickel

text: Nickel

text: resistance; it is involved in

entity_name: Urease

text: Urease

text: modulation, and gastric colonization by

entity_name: Helicobacter pylori

text: H. pylori

text: The CznC and CznA proteins play the dominating role in nickel homeostasis.

method: UNH-tfidf-stem

method: UNH-tfidf-ptsim

method: UNH-tfidf-lem

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Czn system maintains homeostasis of Cadmium

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the Czn system maintain?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastric colonization

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last group mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system: bladder, gallbladder, or kidney?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pylori

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urease modulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The Czn

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Czn

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Czn system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The Czn system maintains homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The Czn system maintains homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The Czn

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The Czn system maintains homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastric

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Czn

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The Czn

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urease modulation,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The Czn system maintains homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Czn

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The Czn system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Czn

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Czn system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gastric

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Cadmium,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Czn system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Czn

text: Substances in the circulation can also increase the amount of circulating fluid by increasing the osmolarity of the blood. This has the effect of pulling water from the interstitial space, making more water available in the blood and causing the kidney to compensate by removing it as urine. In hypotension, often colloids are used intravenously to increase circulating volume in themselves, but as they exert a certain amount of osmotic pressure, water is therefore also moved, further increasing circulating volume. As blood pressure increases, the kidney removes the excess fluid as urine. Sodium, chloride, potassium are excreted in Osmotic diuresis, originating from Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Osmotic diuresis results in dehydration from polyuria and the classic polydipsia (excessive thirst) associated with DM.

text: Substances in the circulation can also increase the amount of circulating fluid by increasing the osmolarity of the blood. This has the effect of pulling water from the

entity_name: Interstitial fluid

text: interstitial

text: space, making more water available in the blood and causing the kidney to compensate by removing it as urine. In

entity_name: Hypotension

text: hypotension

text: , often

entity_name: Colloid

text: colloid

text: s are used intravenously to increase circulating volume in themselves, but as they exert a certain amount of osmotic pressure, water is therefore also moved, further increasing circulating volume. As blood pressure increases, the kidney removes the excess fluid as urine.

entity_name: Sodium

text: Sodium

entity_name: Chloride

text: chloride

entity_name: Potassium

text: potassium

text: are excreted in Osmotic diuresis, originating from

entity_name: Diabetes mellitus

text: Diabetes Mellitus

text: (DM). Osmotic diuresis results in

entity_name: Dehydration

text: dehydration

text: from

entity_name: Polyuria

text: polyuria

text: and the classic

entity_name: Polydipsia

text: polydipsia

text: (excessive thirst) associated with DM.

method: Bert-ConvKNRM

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: interstitial space

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: intravenous

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removing it as urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is hypotension?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: colloids

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: removing water

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removing it as urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: removing it as urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or interstitial space?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polyuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: colloids

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulation can also increase the amount of circulating fluid

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: osmolarity

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: intravenously

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removing it as urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: As blood pressure increases, the kidney removes the excess fluid as urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: blood pressure increases,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Diabetes Mellitus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Substances in the circulation can also increase the amount of circulating fluid

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Substances in the circulation can also increase the amount of circulating fluid

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmotic pressure,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water from the interstitial space,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removing it as urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Substances in the circulation can also increase the amount of circulating fluid

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: osmotic pressure,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Sodium, chloride, potassium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: colloids

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: intravenously

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Glycidamide can be detoxified through different pathways to glycidamide-glutathione conjugates. There is an enzymatic pathway via glutathione-S-transferase and a non-enzymatic pathway. These glycidamide-glutathione conjugates are further metabolized to mercapturic acids by different peptidases and transferases, such as gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, dipeptidase and N-acetyltransferase. The mercapturic acids that can be formed are N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-cysteine (AAMA), N-acetyl-S-(1-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (GAMA2), and N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (GAMA3) (Huang et al., 2011). These mercapturic acids are excreted through urine.

text: Glycidamide can be detoxified through different pathways to glycidamide-glutathione conjugates. There is an enzymatic pathway via glutathione-S-transferase and a non-enzymatic pathway. These glycidamide-glutathione conjugates are further metabolized to mercapturic acids by different

entity_name: Protease

text: peptidases

text: and

entity_name: Transferase

text: transferase

text: s, such as gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, dipeptidase and N-acetyltransferase. The mercapturic acids that can be formed are N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-cysteine (AAMA), N-acetyl-S-(1-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (GAMA2), and N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (GAMA3) (Huang et al., 2011). These mercapturic acids are excreted through urine.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not excreted through urine: sweat glands in the skin or urine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: GAMA2

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How are the mercapturic acids excreted?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted through urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: enzymatic pathway

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do humans have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted through urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted through urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, mercapturic acids, or GAMA3?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: GAMA3

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: non-enzymatic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Glycidamide

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: (GAMA3)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted through urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: glutathione-S-transferase

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mercapturic acids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds, which leads to struvite stone formation. Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite.  Struvite stone formation can be sustained only when ammonia production is increased and the urine pH is elevated to decrease the solubility of phosphate. Both of these requirements can occur only when urine is infected with a urease-producing organism such as Proteus. Urease metabolizes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide: urea 2 NH + CO. The ammonia/ammonium buffer pair has a pK of 9.0, resulting in the combination of highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine.

text: Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds, which leads to struvite stone formation. Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite.  Struvite stone formation can be sustained only when ammonia production is increased and the urine pH is elevated to decrease the solubility of phosphate. Both of these requirements can occur only when urine is infected with a urease-producing organism such as Proteus. Urease metabolizes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide: urea 2 NH + CO. The ammonia/ammonium buffer pair has a pK of 9.0, resulting in the combination of highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Ammonia/ammonium buffer pair

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Proteus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: ammonia-rich urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or urea?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: struvite

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Struvite

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The ammonia/ammonium buffer pair

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine is infected with a urease-producing organism

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine is infected

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: metabolizes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide:

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine is infected with a urease-producing organism

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine is infected with a urease-producing

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Proteus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide:

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 9.0,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urease production leads to precipitation of organic and inorganic compounds,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: highly alkaline,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: struvite stone formation.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: struvite stone

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: struvite stone formation.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Proteus.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Urease

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Proteus.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: struvite

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Proteus.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Proteus.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Proteus.

text: In the kidney, AVPR2's primary property is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results.

text: In the kidney, AVPR2's primary property is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the

entity_name: Urine

text: urine

text: and maintain

entity_name: Water

text: water

entity_name: Homeostasis

text: homeostasis

text: in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease

entity_name: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

text: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

text: (NDI) results.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the following organs:

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a function of AVPR2: arginine vasopressin?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: arteries

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the primary property of AVPR2?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: AVPR2

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Nephrogenic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: the kidney, the bladder or the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: arginine vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: arginine vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine and maintain water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine and maintain water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maintain water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Diabetes Insipidus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: arginine vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: AVPR2's

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: arginine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: arginine vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: arginine vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: Urea is synthesized in the body of many organisms as part of the urea cycle, either from the oxidation of amino acids or from ammonia.  In this cycle, amino groups donated by ammonia and L-aspartate are converted to urea, while L-ornithine, citrulline, L-argininosuccinate, and L-arginine act as intermediates.  Urea production occurs in the liver and is regulated by N-acetylglutamate.  Urea is then dissolved into the blood (in the reference range of 2.5 to 6.7 mmol/liter) and further transported and excreted by the kidney as a component of urine. In addition, a small amount of urea is excreted (along with sodium chloride and water) in sweat.

text: Urea is synthesized in the body of many organisms as part of the

entity_name: Urea cycle

text: urea cycle

text: , either from the oxidation of

entity_name: Amino acid

text: amino acid

text: s or from

entity_name: Ammonia

text: ammonia

text: .  In this cycle,

entity_name: Amine

text: amino

text: groups donated by ammonia and L-

entity_name: Aspartic acid

text: aspartate

text: are converted to urea, while L-

entity_name: Ornithine

text: ornithine

entity_name: Citrulline

text: citrulline

text: , L-

entity_name: Argininosuccinic acid

text: argininosuccinate

text: , and L-

entity_name: Arginine

text: arginine

text: act as intermediates.  Urea production occurs in the

entity_name: Liver

text: liver

text: and is regulated by

entity_name: N-Acetylglutamic acid

text: N-acetylglutamate

text: .  Urea is then dissolved into the blood (in the

entity_name: Reference ranges for blood tests

text: reference range

text: of 2.5 to 6.7 mmol/liter) and further transported and excreted by the kidney as a component of

text: urine

text: . In addition, a small amount of urea is excreted (along with

entity_name: Sodium chloride

text: sodium chloride

text: and water) in

entity_name: Perspiration

text: sweat

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Urea

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urea production

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: sweat.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: sweat.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: N-acetylglutamate.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urea

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sweat.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2.5 to 6.7 mmol/liter)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sweat.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sweat.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted by the kidney as a component of urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: N-acetylglutamate.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: N-acetylglutamate.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: It is estimated that kidney disease affects 31 million people in the United States alone, with African Americans being 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure. Last year, 90,000 Americans were killed by kidney disease, more than breast cancer and prostate cancer. Some doctors believe kidney disease of this nature might be the next epidemic of our generation.

text: It is estimated that kidney disease affects 31 million people in the United States alone, with African Americans being 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure. Last year, 90,000 Americans were killed by kidney disease, more than breast cancer and prostate cancer. Some doctors believe kidney disease of this nature might be the next epidemic of our generation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the kidney do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iv).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: prostate

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: the glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: African Americans being 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: African Americans being 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: African Americans being 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: African Americans being 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease affects 31 million people in the United States

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: breast cancer and prostate cancer.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 3 times more likely

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease affects 31 million people in the United States

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 3 times more likely to experience kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: These system differ from all traditional IT developments in that everything is time based.  Traditional systems (often found as Legacy systems) are 'passive', in that they provide excellent functionality when specifically asked to do something - they will answer enquiries, process updates and produce reports.  Active systems are driven by time - in what sequence must activities happen; when must tasks be completed and by when; what happens if work misses a deadline; how are parallel activities to be resynchronised.  These facilities are all handled by true Automated Business Process systems.

text: These system differ from all traditional IT developments in that everything is time based.  Traditional systems (often found as

entity_name: Legacy system

text: Legacy system

text: s) are 'passive', in that they provide excellent functionality when specifically asked to do something - they will answer enquiries, process updates and produce reports.  Active systems are driven by time - in what sequence must activities happen; when must tasks be completed and by when; what happens if work misses a deadline; how are parallel activities to be resynchronised.  These facilities are all handled by true Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: process updates and produce reports

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: answer enquiries, process updates and produce reports

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Traditional systems

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Active systems are driven by time

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Active systems

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: answer enquiries, process updates and produce reports.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Traditional systems (often found as Legacy systems) are 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: time based.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Active systems are driven by time

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: resynchronised.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: resynchronised.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: resynchronised.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Automated Business Process systems.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: 'passive',

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: 'passive',

text: Kidney disease is a chronic non-communicable disease, having serious consequences if it cannot be controlled effectively. Generally, the process of kidney disease development is from light to serious. The process of most kidney diseases is renal insufficiency, renal failure, and then uremia.

text: Kidney disease is a chronic

entity_name: Non-communicable disease

text: non-communicable disease

text: , having serious consequences if it cannot be controlled effectively. Generally, the process of kidney disease development is from light to serious. The process of most kidney diseases is renal insufficiency, renal failure, and then uremia.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: control

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uncontrolled

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: the glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uremia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uremia

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal insufficiency, renal failure, and then uremia.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal insufficiency, renal failure, and then uremia.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: uremia.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: renal insufficiency, renal failure, and then uremia.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kidney disease is a chronic non-communicable disease,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Kidney disease is a chronic non-communicable disease,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: controlled effectively.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal insufficiency,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidney disease is a chronic non-communicable disease,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal insufficiency, renal failure, and then uremia.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidney disease is a chronic non-communicable disease,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal insufficiency, renal failure, and then uremia.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: controlled effectively.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: controlled effectively.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal failure,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uremia.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uremia.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: uremia.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Cystectomy is a medical term for surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder. It may also be rarely used to refer to the removal of a cyst, or the gallbladder. The most common condition warranting removal of the urinary bladder is bladder cancer. After the bladder has been removed, an  urinary diversion is necessary. Ureterocutaneostomy, ureterosigmoidostomy, ileal conduit, continent cutaneous pouch formations and neobladder substutitions using intestinal segments are main types of urinary diversions. Even though ileal conduit has been known as the most common type of urinary diversion, contemporary surgical practice has evolved to use of neobladder substitutions as first choice. A neobladder substutition is constructed as a pouch from a section of ileum or colon, which can act as a form of replacement bladder, storing urine until the patient desires to release it, which can be achieved by either abdominal straining or self catheterisation.Future treatment for this condition may involve a full replacement with an artificial bladder.

text: Cystectomy is a medical term for

entity_name: Surgery

text: surgical

text: removal of all or part of the

entity_name: Urinary bladder

text: urinary bladder

text: . It may also be rarely used to refer to the removal of a

entity_name: Cyst

text: cyst

text: , or the

entity_name: Gallbladder

text: gallbladder

text: . The most common condition warranting removal of the

text: urinary bladder

text: is

entity_name: Bladder cancer

text: bladder cancer

text: . After the bladder has been removed, an

entity_name: Urinary diversion

text: urinary diversion

text: is necessary. Ureterocutaneostomy, ureterosigmoidostomy, ileal conduit, continent cutaneous pouch formations and neobladder substutitions using intestinal segments are main types of urinary diversions. Even though ileal conduit has been known as the most common type of urinary diversion, contemporary surgical practice has evolved to use of neobladder substitutions as first choice. A neobladder substutition is constructed as a pouch from a section of

entity_name: Ileum

text: ileum

text: or

entity_name: Large intestine

entity_section: Structure

text: colon

text: , which can act as a form of replacement bladder, storing urine until the patient desires to release it, which can be achieved by either abdominal straining or self

entity_name: Catheter

text: catheter

text: isation.Future treatment for this condition may involve a full replacement with an

entity_name: Artificial urinary bladder

text: artificial bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the most common condition warranting removal of the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary diversion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ileal conduit

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Ureterocutaneostomy

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cyst

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: catheterisation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ileal conduit

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureterosigmoidostomy,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ileal conduit,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Cystectomy

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: abdominal straining or self catheterisation.Future

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: storing urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Cystectomy

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Cystectomy

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: abdominal straining

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gallbladder.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ureterosigmoidostomy,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ileal conduit,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: gallbladder.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ureterosigmoidostomy,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureterosigmoidostomy,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: storing urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: abdominal straining or self catheterisation.Future

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Cystectomy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ileal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureterosigmoidostomy,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gallbladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cyst,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: catheterisation.Future

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ileal conduit,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder.

text: Easley received a new kidney two years later at the University of Washington Medical Center. After his retirement Easley cut most of his ties with the Seahawks organization, citing the lawsuit, how his "dignity" was affected by the Stouffer trade, and how no one from the organization offered condolences after his transplant.

text: Easley received a new kidney two years later at the

text: University of Washington Medical Center

text: . After his retirement Easley cut most of his ties with the Seahawks organization, citing the lawsuit, how his "dignity" was affected by the Stouffer trade, and how no one from the organization offered condolences after his transplant.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes kidney cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: transplant

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: bladder, kidney, or urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney two years later at the University of Washington Medical Center.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Seahawks

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney two years later at the University of Washington Medical Center.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Easley received a new kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Marine arthropods range in size from the microscopic crustacean Stygotantulus to the Japanese spider crab. Arthropods' primary internal cavity is a hemocoel, which accommodates their internal organs, and through which their haemolymph - analogue of blood - circulates; they have open circulatory systems. Like their exteriors, the internal organs of arthropods are generally built of repeated segments. Their nervous system is "ladder-like", with paired ventral nerve cords running through all segments and forming paired ganglia in each segment. Their heads are formed by fusion of varying numbers of segments, and their brains are formed by fusion of the ganglia of these segments and encircle the esophagus. The respiratory and excretory systems of arthropods vary, depending as much on their environment as on the subphylum to which they belong.

text: Marine arthropods range in size from the microscopic

text: crustacean

text: Stygotantulus

text: to the

text: Japanese spider crab

text: . Arthropods' primary internal cavity is a

text: hemocoel

text: , which accommodates their internal

text: organs

text: , and through which their

text: haemolymph

text: - analogue of

text: blood

text: - circulates; they have

text: open circulatory systems

text: . Like their exteriors, the internal organs of arthropods are generally built of repeated segments. Their

text: nervous system

text: is "ladder-like", with paired

text: ventral

text: nerve cords

text: running through all segments and forming paired

text: ganglia

text: in each segment. Their heads are formed by fusion of varying numbers of segments, and their

text: brain

text: s are formed by fusion of the ganglia of these segments and encircle the

text: esophagus

text: . The

text: respiratory

text: and

text: excretory

text: systems of arthropods vary, depending as much on their environment as on the

text: subphylum

text: to which they belong.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hemocoel

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: analogue of blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemocoel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: depending as much on their environment as on the subphylum to which they belong

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The respiratory and excretory systems of arthropods

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory systems of arthropods

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory systems of arthropods

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: haemolymph - analogue of blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory systems of arthropods

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: respiratory and excretory systems of arthropods

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: paired

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Arthropods' primary internal cavity is a hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: depending as much on their environment

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: open circulatory systems.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory systems of arthropods

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Arthropods' primary internal cavity is a hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: "ladder-like",

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: hemocoel,

text: In the kidney, renal filtration is the filtration of blood in the glomerulus, followed by selective reabsorbtion of many substances essential for the body to maintain homeostasis.

text: In the

text: kidney

text: renal filtration

text: is the filtration of

text: blood

text: in the

text: glomerulus

text: , followed by selective reabsorbtion of many substances essential for the body to maintain homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: selective reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: selective reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: selective reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: selective reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In the kidney, renal filtration

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal filtration is the filtration of blood in the glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: renal filtration

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal filtration is the filtration of blood in the glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: selective reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: selective reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: selective reabsorbtion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal filtration is the filtration of blood in the glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GABA and 2-oxoglutarate into succinate semialdehyde and glutamate. Succinate semialdehyde is then oxidized into succinate by succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase which is encoded by the gabP gene, thereby entering the TCA cycle as a usable source of energy. The gab operon contributes to homeostasis of polyamines such as putrescine, during nitrogen-limited growth. It is also known to maintain high internal glutamate concentrations under stress conditions.

text: The gabT gene encodes for

text: GABA transaminase

text: , an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GABA and 2-oxoglutarate into succinate semialdehyde and glutamate. Succinate semialdehyde is then oxidized into succinate by

text: succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase

text: which is encoded by the gabP gene, thereby entering the

text: TCA cycle

text: as a usable source of energy. The gab operon contributes to homeostasis of

text: polyamines

text: such as

text: putrescine

text: , during nitrogen-limited growth. It is also known to maintain high internal

text: glutamate

text: concentrations under stress conditions.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the gab operon contribute to?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What does the gab operon contribute to?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the gab operon contribute to?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: homeostasis of polyamines

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dehydrogenate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: putrescine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: TCA cycle

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: gab operon

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nitrogen-limited growth.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogen-limited growth.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: TCA cycle as a usable source of energy.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nitrogen-limited growth.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nitrogen-limited growth.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nitrogen-limited growth.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nitrogen-limited growth.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nitrogen-limited

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nitrogen-limited growth.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: 2-oxoglutarate

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: putrescine,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: putrescine,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: TCA cycle

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: 2-oxoglutarate

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase,

text: Medical anthropologist, epidemiologists, and clinical researchers are just beginning to understand the nature of syndemics.  There is a critical need for new research in this area. Important arenas of inquiry include the following: First, there is a need for studies that examine the processes by which syndemics emerge, including the specific sets of health and social conditions that foster the occurrence of multiple epidemics in a population and how syndemics function to produce specific kinds of health outcomes in populations.  Second, there is a need to better understand processes of interaction between specific diseases with each other and with health-related factors like malnutrition, structural violence, discrimination, stigmatization, and toxic environmental exposure that reflect oppressive social relationships.  Specifically, there is a need to identify all of the ways, directly and indirectly, that diseases can interact and have, as a result, enhanced impact on human health. Third there is a need for the development of an eco-syndemic understanding of the ways in which global warming is contributing to the spread of diseases to new areas and to the potential for new disease interactions. Already it is clear that as a result of global warming infectious diseases such as West Nile Virus are spreading to new places.  Similarly malaria is now found in new places because it is spread by particular mosquito species that are migrating to new locations as a result of changing climates.  As a consequence, diseases that did not often interact in the past---through co-infection of the same individuals within a population---may begin interacting more regularly. Finally, there is a need for a better understanding of how the public health systems and communities can best respond to and limit the health consequences of syndemics. Systems are needed to monitor the emergence of syndemics and to allow early-bird medical and public health responses designed to lessen their impact. Systematic ethno-epidemiological surveillance with populations subject to multiple social stressors must be one component of such a monitoring system. Current efforts by researchers at the CDC to expand the discussion of syndemics in public health discourse is an important step in the development of a funded research agenda that addresses these research needs. Given the nature of syndemics, this research requires a bio-cultural/social approach that attends to both clinical and social processes.

text: Medical anthropologist, epidemiologists, and clinical researchers are just beginning to understand the nature of syndemics.  There is a critical need for new research in this area. Important arenas of inquiry include the following: First, there is a need for studies that examine the processes by which syndemics emerge, including the specific sets of health and social conditions that foster the occurrence of multiple epidemics in a population and how syndemics function to produce specific kinds of health outcomes in populations.  Second, there is a need to better understand processes of interaction between specific diseases with each other and with health-related factors like malnutrition, structural violence, discrimination, stigmatization, and toxic environmental exposure that reflect oppressive social relationships.  Specifically, there is a need to identify all of the ways, directly and indirectly, that diseases can interact and have, as a result, enhanced impact on human health. Third there is a need for the development of an eco-syndemic understanding of the ways in which

text: global warming

text: is contributing to the spread of diseases to new areas and to the potential for new disease interactions. Already it is clear that as a result of global warming infectious diseases such as

text: West Nile Virus

text: are spreading to new places.  Similarly malaria is now found in new places because it is spread by particular mosquito species that are migrating to new locations as a result of changing climates.  As a consequence, diseases that did not often interact in the past---through co-infection of the same individuals within a population---may begin interacting more regularly. Finally, there is a need for a better understanding of how the public health systems and communities can best respond to and limit the health consequences of syndemics. Systems are needed to monitor the emergence of syndemics and to allow early-bird medical and public health responses designed to lessen their impact. Systematic ethno-epidemiological surveillance with populations subject to multiple social stressors must be one component of such a monitoring system. Current efforts by researchers at the CDC to expand the discussion of syndemics in public health discourse is an important step in the development of a funded research agenda that addresses these research needs. Given the nature of syndemics, this research requires a bio-cultural/social approach that attends to both clinical and social processes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: West Nile Virus is an example of a respiratory disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Context: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed by nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: CDC to expand the discussion of syndemics in public health discourse

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The only cure for kidney failure is a kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: West Nile Virus

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Systematic ethno-epidemiological surveillance

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Systematic ethno-epidemiological surveillance

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: co-infection of the same individuals within a population---may

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: diseases that did not often interact in the past---through

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: co-infection

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: diseases that did not often interact in the past---through

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: co-infection

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Systematic ethno-epidemiological surveillance

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: bio-cultural/social

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: co-infection

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: co-infection

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: co-infection of the same individuals within a population---may

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: co-infection of the same individuals within a population---may

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bio-

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: co-infection of the same individuals within a population---may

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: global warming

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ethno-epidemiological

text: Twenty nine stanzas detail various taboos that throw superstition of the time.  Verses 5-8 deal with eccil (pollution) that arises from urination, excretion, sexual contact, saliva, looking at an untouchable, but broadly misses the birth and death time pollutions.  While bathing one must now swim, spit into water (14, 35, 36) and one should not see his reflection in water, scratch ground (13), not wear others' soiled slippers  or clothes (12, 36), wear two garments while coming out of bath with one garment (11), not sleep opposite to door step (22, 45), nor facing north or midway point (30), use of both hands while providing drinks to elders (28), extinguish fire with water during the day (33), bow towards one sneezes (31), spitting or passing motion in various places (32), not to excrete facing south during the day or north during night (33), not pass motions imagining one is facing all ten directions (34).

text: Twenty nine stanzas detail various taboos that throw superstition of the time.  Verses 5-8 deal with eccil (pollution) that arises from urination, excretion, sexual contact, saliva, looking at an untouchable, but broadly misses the birth and death time pollutions.  While bathing one must now swim, spit into water (14, 35, 36) and one should not see his reflection in water, scratch ground (13), not wear others' soiled slippers  or clothes (12, 36), wear two garments while coming out of bath with one garment (11), not sleep opposite to door step (22, 45), nor facing north or midway point (30), use of both hands while providing drinks to elders (28), extinguish fire with water during the day (33), bow towards one sneezes (31), spitting or passing motion in various places (32), not to excrete facing south during the day or north during night (33), not pass motions imagining one is facing all ten directions (34).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Verses 5-8 deal with eccil

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Verses 5-8

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Verses 5-8

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: birth and death

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ten

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 34

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Verses 5-8

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: (34).

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Verses 5-8

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Verses 5-8

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: eccil

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: eccil

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urination, excretion, sexual contact, saliva,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: both hands while providing drinks to elders

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: bathing

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: birth and death

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ten directions (34).

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 5-8

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: one garment (11),

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: spit into water

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: facing north or midway point

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urination, excretion,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion, sexual contact, saliva,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: eccil

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: eccil

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: eccil

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion,

text: An artificial kidney is a machine and its related devices which clean blood for patients who have an acute or chronic failure of their kidneys. The first artificial kidney was developed by Dutchman Willem Johan Kolff. The procedure of cleaning the blood by this means is called dialysis, a type of renal replacement therapy that is used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function due to renal failure. It is a life support treatment and does not treat disease.

text: An

text: artificial kidney

text: is a machine and its related devices which clean blood for patients who have an acute or chronic failure of their kidneys. The first artificial kidney was developed by Dutchman

text: Willem Johan Kolff

text: . The procedure of cleaning the blood by this means is called

text: dialysis

text: , a type of

text: renal replacement therapy

text: that is used to provide an artificial replacement for lost

text: kidney

text: function due to

text: renal failure

text: . It is a

text: life support

text: treatment and does not treat disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not a type of renal replacement therapy that is used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function due to renal failure?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: clean blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: clean blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: An artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: An artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: cleaning the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: clean blood

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: An artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: artificial kidney was developed by Dutchman Willem Johan Kolff.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: clean blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: An artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: does not treat disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Common four-letter words (in this sense) that are widely considered vulgar or offensive to a notable degree include: cunt, fuck (and regional variants such as feck, fick and foak), jism (or gism), jizz,shit,twat and tits.  Piss (formerly an offensive swear word) in particular, however, may be used in non-excretory contexts (pissed off, i.e. "angry", in US English and British UK English ; pissed, i.e. "drunk" in UK English) that are often not considered particularly offensive, and the word also occurs several times with its excretory meaning in the King James Bible. Several of these have been declared legally indecent under the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) TV and radio open-airwave broadcasting regulations.

text: Common four-letter words (in this sense) that are widely considered

text: vulgar

text: or

text: offensive

text: to a notable degree include:

text: cunt

text: fuck

text: (and regional variants such as feck, fick and foak),

text: jism

text: (or gism),

text: jizz

text: shit

text: twat

text: and

text: tits

text: .  Piss (formerly an offensive swear word) in particular, however, may be used in non-excretory contexts (pissed off, i.e. "angry", in

text: US English and British UK English

text: ; pissed, i.e. "drunk" in

text: UK English

text: ) that are often not considered particularly offensive, and the word also occurs several times with its excretory meaning in the

text: King James Bible

text: . Several of these have been declared legally

text: indecent

text: under the

text: United States Federal Communications Commission

text: (FCC) TV and radio open-airwave broadcasting regulations.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: fuck

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Piss

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Piss

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Piss

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: fick

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Piss

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: pissed,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: TV

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: cunt, fuck

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: "drunk"

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Common four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cunt, fuck

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Piss

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: foak),

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: four-letter words

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Piss

text: The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill.

text: The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the

text: brain

text: of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine levels.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: empty the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: empty the bladder

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the urinary bladder signals the brain

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: empty.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a certain degree,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The area is very sensitive to expansion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Like other herbivorous lizards, the rock iguanas are presented with a special problem for osmoregulation: plant matter contains more potassium and has less nutritional content per gram than meat so more must be eaten to meet the lizard's metabolic needs. Unlike mammals, reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine to save on water intake. Instead reptiles excrete toxic nitrogenous wastes as solid uric acid through their cloaca. In the case of the rock iguana which consumes large amounts of vegetation, these excess salt ions are excreted through their salt gland in the same manner as birds.

text: Like other herbivorous lizards, the rock iguanas are presented with a special problem for

text: osmoregulation

text: : plant matter contains more

text: potassium

text: and has less nutritional content per gram than meat so more must be eaten to meet the lizard's metabolic needs. Unlike mammals, reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine to save on water intake. Instead reptiles excrete toxic nitrogenous wastes as solid uric acid through their

text: cloaca

text: . In the case of the rock iguana which consumes large amounts of vegetation, these excess salt ions are excreted through their

text: salt gland

text: in the same manner as birds.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a reptile?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is excreted through the cloaca?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water intake

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrate urine to save on water intake

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vein

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do reptiles have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted through their salt gland

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid through their cloaca

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Mammals

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine to save on water intake.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mammals,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation:

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrate urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine to save on water intake.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mammals,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: reptile kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: reptile kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: reptile kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine to save on water intake.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete toxic nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine to save on water intake.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: reptile kidneys cannot concentrate urine to save on water intake.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mammals,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The morbidity associated with the Wertheim-Meigs operation is substantial. The most important complications are ureteral, ureterovaginal, and vesicovaginal fistulae, appearing during the immediate postoperative convalescence period or later mainly in patients who received subsequent radiotherapy. Other complications are described: intraoperative hemorrhage due to pelvic large vessel lesion, ureter or bladder accidental section, abdominal wall dehiscence, ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis and renal exclusion, disorders such as urinary incontinence, pollakiuria, vesical atony, often accompanied by urinary tract infection and hematuria.

text: The morbidity associated with the Wertheim-Meigs operation is substantial. The most important complications are

text: ureteral

text: , ureterovaginal, and

text: vesicovaginal fistulae

text: , appearing during the immediate postoperative

text: convalescence

text: period or later mainly in patients who received subsequent

text: radiotherapy

text: . Other complications are described: intraoperative

text: hemorrhage

text: due to pelvic large vessel lesion, ureter or

text: bladder

text: accidental section,

text: abdominal wall dehiscence

text: , ureteral obstruction causing

text: hydronephrosis

text: and

text: renal exclusion

text: , disorders such as

text: urinary incontinence

text: pollakiuria

text: vesical atony

text: , often accompanied by

text: urinary tract infection

text: and

text: hematuria

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the function of the ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the most important complications associated with the Wertheim-Meigs operation

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a type of incontinence?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How are the kidneys related to the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hematuria

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: abdominal wall

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is hematuria?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: exclusion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, ureter, or urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hematuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hematuria

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pelvic large vessel

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: ureteral,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureteral

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureter or bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: abdominal wall

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureteral,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renal exclusion,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal exclusion,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: hydronephrosis and renal exclusion,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ureteral obstruction

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureteral,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureteral obstruction causing hydronephrosis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hematuria.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: radiotherapy.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureteral,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Many point-of-care test systems are realized as easy-to-use membrane-based test strips, often enclosed by a plastic test cassette. This concept often is realized in test systems for detecting pathogens. Very recently such test systems for rheumatology diagnostics have been developed, too. These tests require only a single drop of whole blood, urine or saliva, and they can be performed and interpreted by any general physician within minutes.

text: Many

text: point-of-care

text: test systems are realized as easy-to-use membrane-based test strips, often enclosed by a plastic test cassette. This concept often is realized in test systems for detecting pathogens. Very recently such test systems for rheumatology diagnostics have been developed, too. These tests require only a single drop of whole blood, urine or saliva, and they can be performed and interpreted by any general physician within minutes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: point-of-care test systems

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a test system for rheumatology diagnostics

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a test system for detecting pathogens?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: saliva

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a test system for rheumatology diagnostics?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cassette

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: rheumatology

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pathogens.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: saliva,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: single drop of whole blood,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: blood,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: membrane-based test strips, often enclosed by a plastic test cassette.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: membrane-based test strips, often enclosed by a plastic test cassette.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cassette.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: detecting pathogens.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine or saliva,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: rheumatology

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The urinary bladder is the organ that collects waste excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. It is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ, and sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

text: The

text: urinary bladder

text: is the organ that collects waste excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by

text: urination

text: . It is a hollow

text: muscular

text: , and distensible (or elastic) organ, and sits on the

text: pelvic floor

text: . Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the

text: urethra

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: collects waste excreted by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys prior to disposal by urination.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: waste excreted by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Urine enters the bladder via the ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: collects waste excreted by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: waste

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: The exhibit is set up so that one starts at the skeletal system, and more layers (muscular, nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems; as well as fetal development and the treated body) are added in successive rooms. Containing about twenty bodies in total, each exhibition uses real human bodies that have been preserved permanently by a process called "polymer preservation" so that they will not decay. This exhibition is organized by the publicly traded corporation, Premier Exhibitions Incorporated, which also staged Bodies Revealed first in Seoul, South Korea and more recently in the US. The company received the cadavers for research from the Chinese government, who donated them because all the bodies at the time of death had no close next of kin or immediate families to claim the bodies. The dissections took place at the Dalian University in Liaoning, China and the resulting specimens were leased to Premier Exhibitions for the five-year duration of the show.

text: The exhibit is set up so that one starts at the

text: skeletal system

text: , and more layers (

text: muscular

text: nervous

text: circulatory

text: digestive

text: respiratory

text: urinary

text: , and

text: reproductive

text: systems; as well as

text: fetal development

text: and the treated body) are added in successive rooms. Containing about twenty bodies in total, each exhibition uses real human bodies that have been preserved permanently by a process called "

text: polymer preservation

text: " so that they will not decay. This exhibition is organized by the publicly traded corporation,

text: Premier Exhibitions Incorporated

text: , which also staged

text: Bodies Revealed

text: first in Seoul, South Korea and more recently in the US. The company received the

text: cadavers

text: for research from the

text: Chinese

text: government, who donated them because all the bodies at the time of death had no close

text: next of kin

text: or immediate families to claim the bodies. The dissections took place at the

text: Dalian University

text: in

text: Liaoning

text: , China and the resulting specimens were leased to Premier Exhibitions for the five-year duration of the show.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: about twenty

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive systems; as well as fetal development and the treated body)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: twenty

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: twenty

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urinary, and reproductive systems;

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: "polymer preservation"

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: (muscular, nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary,

text: Unlike supplemental calcium, high intakes of dietary calcium do not appear to cause kidney stones and may actually protect against their development. This is perhaps related to the role of calcium in binding ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract. As the amount of calcium intake decreases, the amount of oxalate available for absorption into the bloodstream increases; this oxalate is then excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys. In the urine, oxalate is a very strong promoter of calcium oxalate precipitation—about 15 times stronger than calcium. A 2004 study found that diets low in calcium are associated with a higher overall risk for kidney stone formation. For most individuals, other risk factors for kidney stones, such as high intakes of dietary oxalates and low fluid intake, play a greater role than calcium intake.

text: Unlike supplemental calcium, high intakes of dietary calcium do not appear to cause kidney stones and may actually protect against their development. This is perhaps related to the role of calcium in binding ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract. As the amount of calcium intake decreases, the amount of oxalate available for absorption into the bloodstream increases; this oxalate is then excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys. In the urine, oxalate is a very strong promoter of calcium oxalate precipitation—about 15 times stronger than calcium. A 2004 study found that diets low in calcium are associated with a higher overall risk for kidney stone formation. For most individuals, other risk factors for kidney stones, such as high intakes of dietary oxalates and low fluid intake, play a greater role than calcium intake.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is excreted into the urine by the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in greater amounts into the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gastrointestinal tract.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: oxalate

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: calcium,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in greater amounts into the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: calcium,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 15

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: low fluid intake,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in greater amounts into the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: supplemental calcium,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: One of the variations is known as omorashi yagai, which translates as "to wet oneself outdoors (or publicly)." A further variation includes yagai hōnyō, or "outdoor (or public) urination", in which the subject publicly removes their clothes to urinate. Other yagai hōnyō practitioners operate much like graffiti artists, attempting public urination acts without being caught.

text: One of the variations is known as omorashi yagai, which translates as "to wet oneself outdoors (or publicly)." A further variation includes yagai hōnyō, or "outdoor (or public) urination", in which the subject publicly removes their clothes to urinate. Other yagai hōnyō practitioners operate much like

text: graffiti

text: artists, attempting public urination acts without being caught.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion do not include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: h ny

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinate.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: yagai h<unk>ny<unk>

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinate.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: clothes

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinate.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: graffiti

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: omorashi yagai,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinate.

text: The fetal pig's urogenital system is similar to the adult pig's system with the exception of the reproductive organs.  The fetal pig urinary tract is relatively developed and easy to locate during dissection. The kidneys are located behind the abdominal organs and are partially embedded into the dorsal body wall by the spine. The ureters carry the urine to the urinary bladder, the large sack-like organ by the umbilical artery and vein, to the urethra. From there, the urine can be excreted.

text: The fetal pig's urogenital system is similar to the adult pig's system with the exception of the reproductive organs.  The fetal pig urinary tract is relatively developed and easy to locate during dissection. The

text: kidneys

text: are located behind the abdominal organs and are partially embedded into the dorsal body wall by the spine. The

text: ureters

text: carry the urine to the

text: urinary bladder

text: , the large sack-like organ by the umbilical artery and vein, to the

text: urethra

text: . From there, the urine can be excreted.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do the pigs have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: How does urine move through the ureters?

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urogenital system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The ureters carry the urine to the urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine to the urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine to the urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive organs.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The ureters carry the urine to the urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive organs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine to the urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: umbilical artery and vein,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The ureters carry the urine to the urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ureters carry the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the large sack-like organ

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder,

text: The main internal organs of these reptiles are the lungs, heart, stomach, liver,  intestines, and the urinary bladder. A cloaca serves both excretory and reproductive functions.

text: The main internal organs of these reptiles are the

text: lungs

text: heart

text: stomach

text: liver

text: intestine

text: s, and the

text: urinary bladder

text: . A

text: cloaca

text: serves both excretory and reproductive functions.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: internal organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: lungs, heart, stomach, liver, intestines,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder.

text: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.  The most sensitive marker of proteinuria is elevated urine albumin.  Persistent presence of more than 30 mg albumin per gram creatinine in the urine is diagnostic of chronic kidney disease (microalbuminuria is a level of 30 mg/L to 299 mg/L urine or 30–299 mg/24 h; a concentration of albumin in the urine that is not detected by usual urine dipstick methods).

text: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.  The most sensitive marker of

text: proteinuria

text: is elevated urine albumin.  Persistent presence of more than 30 mg albumin per gram creatinine in the urine is diagnostic of chronic kidney disease (

text: microalbuminuria

text: is a level of 30 mg/L to 299 mg/L urine or 30–299 mg/24 h; a concentration of

text: albumin

text: in the

text: urine

text: that is not detected by usual urine

text: dipstick

text: methods).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system, the respiratory system, and the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a marker of proteinuria?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the most sensitive marker of proteinuria?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: proteinuria

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: elevated protein levels in urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: elevated protein levels in urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Elevated protein levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the most sensitive marker of proteinuria?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine albumin.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: mg/24 h;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 30 mg albumin per gram creatinine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Elevated protein levels

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Elevated protein levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Elevated protein levels in urine mark some kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: (microalbuminuria

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (microalbuminuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dipstick

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems include:

text: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems include:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the large intestine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter the waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Disadvantages include:

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems include

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: diversion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys are able to filter waste from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: diversion system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called diffusion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems include:

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial clotting

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine diversion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Disadvantages

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Disadvantages and challenges with urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine diversion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine diversion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine diversion

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Pharmaceutical residues may reach the environment by a number of different routes. It is generally assumed (albeit hardly verified) that the production of pharmaceuticals in industrialised countries is well controlled and unharmful to the environment, due to the local legal restrictions usually required to permit production. However, a substantial fraction of the global production of pharmaceuticals takes place in low-cost production countries like India and China. Recent reports from India demonstrate that such production sites may emit very large quantities of e.g. antibiotics, yielding levels of the drugs in local surface waters higher than those found in the blood of patients under treatment.The major route for pharmaceutical residues to reach the aquatic environment is most probably by excretion from patients undergoing pharma treatment. Since many pharmaceutical substances are not metabolized in the body they may be excreted in biologically active form, usually via the urine. Furthermore, many pharmaceutical substances are not fully taken up from the intestine (following oral administration in patients) into their blood stream. The fraction not taken up into the blood stream will remain in the gut and eventually be excreted via the faeces. Hence, both urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues. Between 30 and 90% of the orally administered dose is generally excreted as active substance in the urine. An additional source to environmental pollution with pharmaceuticals is improper disposal of unused or expired drug residues. In European countries take-back systems for such residues are usually in place (although not always utilized to full extent) while in e.g. the US only voluntary initiatives on a local basis exist. Though most of the waste goes to incineration and people are asked to throw unused or expired pharmaceuticals into the household waste investigations in Germany showed that up to 24% of liquid pharmaceuticals and 7% of tablets or ointments are disposed always or at least “rarely” via the toilet or sink. Proper destruction of pharma residues should yield rest products without any pharmaceutical or ecotoxic activity. Furthermore, the residues should not act as components in the environmental formation of new such products. Incineration at a high temperature (>1000 degrees Celsius) is considered to fulfil the requirements, but even following such incineration residual ashes from the incineration should be properly taken care of.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a source to environmental pollution with pharmaceuticals?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Pharmaceutical residues may reach the environment by a number of different routes

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not one function of the kidneys: to help keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: intestine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the major route for pharmaceutical residues to reach the aquatic environment?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: intestine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: antimicrobials

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine and faeces

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: faeces.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine and faeces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: faeces.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: rest products without any pharmaceutical or ecotoxic activity.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted as active substance in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: faeces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: intestine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: both urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine and faeces from treated patients contain pharmaceutical residues.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted as active substance in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted as active substance in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: expired

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: expired

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: intestine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: intestine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: intestine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: faeces.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: intestine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: intestine

text: The main costs associated with transitioning to management intensive rotational grazing are purchasing fencing, fencers, and water supply materials.  If a pasture was continuously grazed in the past, likely capital has already been invested in fencing and a fencer system.  Cost savings to graziers can also be recognized when one considers that many of the costs associated with livestock operations are transmitted to the grazers.  For example, the grazers actively harvest their own sources of food for the portion of the year where grazing is possible.  This translates into lower costs for feed production and harvesting, which are fuel intensive endeavors.  MIRG systems rely on the grazers to produce fertilizer sources via their excretion.  There is also no need for collection, storage, transportation, and application of manure, which are also all fuel intensive.  Additionally, external fertilizer use contributes to other costs such as labor, purchasing costs.

text: The main costs associated with transitioning to management intensive rotational grazing are purchasing fencing, fencers, and water supply materials.  If a pasture was continuously grazed in the past, likely capital has already been invested in fencing and a fencer system.  Cost savings to

text: grazier

text: s can also be recognized when one considers that many of the costs associated with livestock operations are transmitted to the grazers.  For example, the grazers actively harvest their own sources of food for the portion of the year where grazing is possible.  This translates into lower costs for feed production and harvesting, which are fuel intensive endeavors.  MIRG systems rely on the grazers to produce fertilizer sources via their excretion.  There is also no need for collection, storage, transportation, and application of manure, which are also all fuel intensive.  Additionally, external fertilizer use contributes to other costs such as labor, purchasing costs.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ: the bladder, the urinary system, or the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: manure

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fertilizer

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: MIRG

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: grazers to produce fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: grazers to produce fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: water supply materials.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: fertilizer sources via their excretion.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The main costs associated with transitioning to management intensive rotational grazing

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fertilizer

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: MIRG

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion.

text: The atria of the heart also function as part of the excretory system by filtering waste products out of the blood and dumping it into the coelom as urine. A pair of nephridia ("little kidneys") to the rear of and connected to the coelom extracts any re-usable materials from the urine and dumps additional waste products into it, and then ejects it via tubes that discharge into the mantle cavity.

text: The atria of the heart also function as part of the

text: excretory system

text: by filtering waste products out of the blood and dumping it into the coelom as

text: urine

text: . A pair of

text: nephridia

text: ("little kidneys") to the rear of and connected to the coelom extracts any re-usable materials from the urine and dumps additional waste products into it, and then ejects it via tubes that discharge into the mantle cavity.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the atria

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: extracts any re-usable materials from the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mantle cavity

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ejecting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: atria

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mantle cavity

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: atria of the heart

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: extracts any re-usable materials from the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephridia ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: extracts any re-usable materials from the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mantle cavity.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mantle cavity.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: coelom

text: Kidney transplant requirements vary from program to program and country to country. Many programs place limits on age (e.g. the person must be under a certain age to enter the waiting list) and require that one must be in good health (aside from the kidney disease).  Significant cardiovascular disease, incurable terminal infectious diseases and cancer are often transplant exclusion criteria.  In addition, candidates are typically screened to determine if they will be compliant with their medications, which is essential for survival of the transplant.  People with mental illness and/or significant on-going substance abuse issues may be excluded.

text: Kidney transplant requirements vary from program to program and country to country. Many programs place limits on age (e.g. the person must be under a certain age to enter the waiting list) and require that one must be in good health (aside from the kidney disease).  Significant

text: cardiovascular disease

text: , incurable terminal infectious diseases and

text: cancer

text: are often transplant exclusion criteria.  In addition, candidates are typically screened to determine if they will be compliant with their medications, which is essential for survival of the transplant.  People with

text: mental illness

text: and/or significant on-going

text: substance abuse

text: issues may be excluded.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: medications

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: medications,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: survival of the transplant.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: transplant.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Anterograde pyelography is the procedure used to visualize the upper collecting system of the urinary tract, i.e., kidney and ureter.It is done in cases where excretory or retrograde pyelogaphy has failed or contraindicated,or when there is nephrostomy tube is in place or delineation of upper tract is desired.It is commonly used to diagnose upper tract obstruction, Hydronephrosis, Ureteropelvic junction obstruction.In this, radiocontrast dye is injected into the renal pelvis and X-rays are taken.It provides detailed anatomy of the upper collecting system.As it is an invasive procedure, it is chosen when other non-invasive tests are non confirmatory or contraindicated and patient monitoring is required prior and after the procedure.

text: Anterograde pyelography is the procedure used to visualize the upper collecting system of the urinary tract, i.e.,

text: kidney

text: and

text: ureter

text: .It is done in cases where excretory or retrograde pyelogaphy has failed or contraindicated,or when there is nephrostomy tube is in place or delineation of upper tract is desired.It is commonly used to diagnose upper tract obstruction,

text: Hydronephrosis

text: , Ureteropelvic junction obstruction.In this, radiocontrast dye is injected into the renal pelvis and

text: X-rays

text: are taken.It provides detailed anatomy of the upper collecting system.As it is an invasive procedure, it is chosen when other non-invasive tests are non confirmatory or contraindicated and patient monitoring is required prior and after the procedure.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs, respiratory tract, and respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the upper collecting system of the urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: What is the upper collecting system of the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the upper collecting system of the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Nephrostomy tube

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary tract,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: upper collecting system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureter.It

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: injected into the renal pelvis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ureter.It

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nephrostomy tube

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephrostomy tube

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: upper collecting system of the urinary tract,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Hydronephrosis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney and ureter.It

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Anterograde pyelography

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter.It

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrostomy tube

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureter.It

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Hydronephrosis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephrostomy tube

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter.It

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney and ureter.It

text: The following morning, Tilly wakes up and runs downstairs to get some food for the bear. When she runs upstairs, she finds that the bear has excreted on the stairs. Tilly cleans up the waste and empties it outside before walking into the bathroom and nearly slipping over the bear's urine. Crossed, she then mops up the urine and watches on as the bear drinks out of the toilet. Then Tilly moves the bear and runs a bath to wash him. He soaks Tilly in the process of getting into it and already beginning to tire of him, she washes the bear. In the kitchen, Tilly dries and brushes the bear and proceeds to feed him with honey. While eating the honey, the bear makes a mess of the kitchen and gets his nose stuck in the jar (to Tilly's amusement). Then Tilly and the bear go to her parents' bedroom and sleep. Tilly wakes up to the sound of the door of her parents returning from work. She hugs her mother and they later sit down to watch The Snowman as the bear walks in and heads out. That night, the bear hides under Tilly's bed as she is put to bed by her mother. Tilly falls asleep and moves over as the bear climbs onto the bed with her.

text: The following morning, Tilly wakes up and runs downstairs to get some food for the bear. When she runs upstairs, she finds that the bear has excreted on the stairs. Tilly cleans up the waste and empties it outside before walking into the bathroom and nearly slipping over the bear's

text: urine

text: . Crossed, she then mops up the urine and watches on as the bear drinks out of the toilet. Then Tilly moves the bear and runs a bath to wash him. He soaks Tilly in the process of getting into it and already beginning to tire of him, she washes the bear. In the kitchen, Tilly dries and brushes the bear and proceeds to feed him with honey. While eating the honey, the bear makes a mess of the kitchen and gets his nose stuck in the jar (to Tilly's amusement). Then Tilly and the bear go to her parents' bedroom and sleep. Tilly wakes up to the sound of the door of her parents returning from work. She hugs her mother and they later sit down to watch The Snowman as the bear walks in and heads out. That night, the bear hides under Tilly's bed as she is put to bed by her mother. Tilly falls asleep and moves over as the bear climbs onto the bed with her.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: bear excreted on the stairs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does the bear drink from the toilet?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the bear drink out of?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What does the bear drink out of the toilet?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Tilly

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bear

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: bear's urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the bear's name?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Tilly

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: toilet

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: toilet

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mops up the urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: toilet

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: bear.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: bear's urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: bear's urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: bear's urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: bath

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nose stuck in the jar

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: bear's urine. Crossed,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: toilet.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: honey.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: honey.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: drinks out of the toilet.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the bear drinks out of the toilet.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: toilet.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: honey.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: toilet.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: toilet.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: honey.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: toilet.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: toilet.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: toilet.

text: Several factors contribute to the formation of renal stones in space.  Dietary changes, bone metabolism, dehydration, increased salt intake as well as decreased urine volumes and increased urine saturation are all possible causes of renal stone formation.  It has been noted that spaceflight-induced changes in urine biochemistry are conducive for stone formation.

text: Several factors contribute to the formation of renal stones in space.  Dietary changes, bone metabolism, dehydration, increased salt intake as well as decreased urine volumes and increased urine saturation are all possible causes of renal stone formation.  It has been noted that spaceflight-induced changes in urine biochemistry are conducive for stone formation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of renal stone formation?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine biochemistry

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of renal stone formation?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: decreased urine volumes and increased urine saturation

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bone metabolism

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal vein

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of renal stone formation?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: decreased urine volumes and increased urine saturation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal stone

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dehydration,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine volumes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: spaceflight-induced changes in urine biochemistry

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine volumes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: decreased urine volumes and increased urine saturation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal stones

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine volumes

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bone metabolism,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal stones

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: bone metabolism, dehydration, increased salt intake

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Several factors contribute to the formation of renal stones in space.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine volumes

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: dehydration,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine saturation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: decreased urine volumes and increased urine saturation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal stones

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Several factors contribute to the formation of renal stones

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal stones

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal stones

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: bone

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood in the kidneys. In a healthy human the kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output, but it averages about 20% or about 1.25 L/min.

text: The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood in the kidneys. In a healthy human the kidney receives between 12 and 30% of

text: cardiac output

text: , but it averages about 20% or about 1.25 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the first step in urine formation?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: between 12 and 30%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine formation is the filtration of blood in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 1.25 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a healthy human the kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine formation is the filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 1.25 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filtration of blood in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: a healthy human the kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 12 and 30%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: a healthy human the kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 1.25 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: filtration of blood in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 12 and 30% of cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine formation is the filtration of blood in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine formation is the filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically encode proteins which contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain.  The PAX gene family has an important role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development and maintaining the normal function of some cells after birth.  The PAX genes give instructions for making proteins that attach themselves to certain areas of DNA. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. PAX8 releases the hormones important for regulating growth, brain development, and metabolism. Also functions in very early stages of kidney organogenesis, the müllerian system, and the thymus. Additionally, PAX8 is expressed in the renal excretory system, epithelial cells of the endocervix, endometrium, ovary, Fallopian tube, seminal vesicle, epididymis, pancreatic islet cells and lymphoid cells.  PAX8 and other transcription factors play a role in binding to DNA and regulating the genes that drive thyroid hormone synthesis (Tg, TPO, Slc5a5 and Tshr).

text: This gene is a member of the paired box (

text: PAX

text: ) family of

text: transcription factor

text: s. Members of this gene family typically encode proteins which contain a

text: paired box domain

text: , an octapeptide, and a paired-type

text: homeodomain

text: .  The PAX gene family has an important role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development and maintaining the normal function of some cells after birth.  The PAX genes give instructions for making proteins that attach themselves to certain areas of DNA. This nuclear protein is involved in

text: thyroid follicular cell

text: development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. PAX8 releases the hormones important for regulating growth, brain development, and metabolism. Also functions in very early stages of kidney organogenesis, the müllerian system, and the thymus. Additionally, PAX8 is expressed in the renal excretory system, epithelial cells of the endocervix, endometrium, ovary, Fallopian tube, seminal vesicle, epididymis, pancreatic islet cells and lymphoid cells.  PAX8 and other transcription factors play a role in binding to DNA and regulating the genes that drive thyroid hormone synthesis (Tg, TPO, Slc5a5 and Tshr).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: thymus is part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the function of the renal excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Fallopian tube

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine in the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the renal excretory system: epithelial cells of the endocervix, endometrium, ovary, Fallopian tube, seminal vesicle

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: growth

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: PAX8 is expressed in the renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: What organ does PAX8 play an important role in?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: thymus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: functions in very early stages of kidney organogenesis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: functions in very early stages of kidney organogenesis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: PAX8 is expressed in the renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Fallopian tube

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: müllerian

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Fallopian tube

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Fallopian tube

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal excretory system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: thymus.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: seminal vesicle,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: growth, brain development, and metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: thymus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: PAX8 is expressed in the renal excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: PAX8

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Fallopian tube,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: seminal vesicle,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: seminal vesicle,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: müllerian

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Fallopian tube,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Fallopian tube,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal excretory system,

text: Sponges do not have distinct circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems – instead the water flow system supports all these functions. They filter food particles out of the water flowing through them. Particles larger than 50 micrometers cannot enter the ostia and pinacocytes consume them by phagocytosis (engulfing and internal digestion). Particles from 0.5 μm to 50 μm are trapped in the ostia, which taper from the outer to inner ends. These particles are consumed by pinacocytes or by archaeocytes which partially extrude themselves through the walls of the ostia. Bacteria-sized particles, below 0.5 micrometers, pass through the ostia and are caught and consumed by choanocytes. Since the smallest particles are by far the most common, choanocytes typically capture 80% of a sponge's food supply. Archaeocytes transport food packaged in vesicles from cells that directly digest food to those that do not. At least one species of sponge has internal fibers that function as tracks for use by nutrient-carrying archaeocytes, and these tracks also move inert objects.

text: Sponges do not have distinct

text: circulatory

text: respiratory

text: digestive

text: , and

text: excretory

text: systems – instead the water flow system supports all these functions. They

text: filter

text: food particles out of the water flowing through them. Particles larger than 50 micrometers cannot enter the

text: ostia

text: and

text: pinacocyte

text: s consume them by

text: phagocytosis

text: (engulfing and internal digestion). Particles from 0.5 μm to 50 μm are trapped in the ostia, which taper from the outer to inner ends. These particles are consumed by pinacocytes or by

text: archaeocyte

text: s which partially extrude themselves through the walls of the ostia. Bacteria-sized particles, below 0.5 micrometers, pass through the ostia and are caught and consumed by

text: choanocyte

text: s. Since the smallest particles are by far the most common, choanocytes typically capture 80% of a sponge's food supply. Archaeocytes transport food packaged in

text: vesicle

text: s from cells that directly digest food to those that do not. At least one species of sponge has internal fibers that function as tracks for use by nutrient-carrying archaeocytes, and these tracks also move inert objects.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: water flow system supports all these functions

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What does the water flow system support?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: water flow system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: phagocytosis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Sponges

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter food particles out of the water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory, respiratory,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 80%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: phagocytosis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: choanocytes.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water flow system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: choanocytes.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter food particles out of the water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: phagocytosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: pinacocytes consume them by phagocytosis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ostia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: pinacocytes

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: phagocytosis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: The urine sodium is expressed as a concentration (such as milimoles per liter).  The result must therefore be interpreted in the context of the degree of urine concentration present.  Alternatively, the urine sodium can be standardized to the excretion of creatinine using a formula such as the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa).

text: The urine sodium is expressed as a concentration (such as milimoles per liter).  The result must therefore be interpreted in the context of the degree of urine concentration present.  Alternatively, the urine sodium can be standardized to the excretion of

text: creatinine

text: using a formula such as the

text: fractional excretion of sodium (FENa)

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs excrete creatinine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: wastes enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of creatinine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: normal

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: more than a million

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of creatinine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: milimoles per liter).

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: milimoles per liter).

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine concentration present.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: degree of urine concentration present.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urine sodium

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: milimoles per liter).

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: creatinine

text: As with myocardial ischaemia referred pain in a certain portion of the body can lead to a diagnosis of the correct local center. Somatic mapping of referred pain and the corresponding local centers has led to various topographic maps being produced to aid in pinpointing the location of pain based on the referred areas. For example, local pain stimulated in the esophagus is capable of producing referred pain in the upper abdomen, the oblique muscles, and the throat. Local pain in the prostate can radiate referred pain to the abdomen, lower back, and calf muscles. Kidney stones can cause visceral pain in the ureter as the stone is slowly passed into the excretory system. This can cause immense referred pain in the lower abdominal wall.

text: As with

text: myocardial ischaemia

text: referred pain in a certain portion of the body can lead to a diagnosis of the correct local center. Somatic mapping of referred pain and the corresponding local centers has led to various topographic maps being produced to aid in pinpointing the location of pain based on the referred areas. For example, local pain stimulated in the esophagus is capable of producing referred pain in the upper abdomen, the oblique muscles, and the throat. Local pain in the prostate can radiate referred pain to the abdomen, lower back, and calf muscles.

text: Kidney stone

text: s can cause visceral pain in the ureter as the stone is slowly passed into the excretory system. This can cause immense referred pain in the lower abdominal wall.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs can cause visceral pain in the ureter as the stone is slowly passed into the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the excretory system work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidney stones can cause visceral pain in the ureter

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidney stones can cause visceral pain in the ureter

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kidney stones can cause visceral pain in the ureter

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: stone is slowly passed into the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: myocardial ischaemia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: stone is slowly passed into the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: myocardial ischaemia

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureter

text: When the urine becomes supersaturated (when the urine solvent contains more solutes than it can hold in solution) with one or more calculogenic (crystal-forming) substances, a seed crystal may form through the process of nucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation (where there is a solid surface present on which a crystal can grow) proceeds more rapidly than homogeneous nucleation (where a crystal must grow in a liquid medium with no such surface), because it requires less energy. Adhering to cells on the surface of a renal papilla, a seed crystal can grow and aggregate into an organized mass. Depending on the chemical composition of the crystal, the stone-forming process may proceed more rapidly when the urine pH is unusually high or low.

text: When the urine becomes

text: supersaturated

text: (when the urine

text: solvent

text: contains more

text: solutes

text: than it can hold in

text: solution

text: ) with one or more calculogenic (crystal-forming) substances, a

text: seed crystal

text: may form through the process of

text: nucleation

text: . Heterogeneous nucleation (where there is a solid surface present on which a crystal can grow) proceeds more rapidly than homogeneous nucleation (where a crystal must grow in a liquid medium with no such surface), because it requires less energy. Adhering to cells on the surface of a

text: renal papilla

text: , a seed crystal can grow and aggregate into an organized mass. Depending on the chemical composition of the crystal, the stone-forming process may proceed more rapidly when the urine pH is unusually high or low.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal papilla

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: crystal-forming substances

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: papilla

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the stone-forming process may proceed more rapidly when the urine pH is unusually high or low

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal papilla

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: papilla

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homogenous nucleation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: papilla

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: papilla,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine solvent contains more solutes than it can hold in solution)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: When the urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: a seed crystal can grow and aggregate into an organized mass.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: When the urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: When the urine becomes supersaturated

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homogeneous nucleation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal papilla,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: Urine specimens showed that no other microbiologically active metabolites were present except cephaloridine and that cephaloridine is excreted unchanged. Renal clearances were reported to be 146-280 ml/min, a plasma clearance of 167 ml/min/1,73m2 and a renal clearance of 125 ml/min/1,73m2. A serum half-life of 1,1-1,5 hour and a volume of distribution of 16 liters were reported.

text: Urine specimens showed that no other microbiologically active metabolites were present except cephaloridine and that cephaloridine is excreted unchanged. Renal clearances were reported to be 146-280 ml/min, a plasma clearance of 167 ml/min/1,73m2 and a renal clearance of 125 ml/min/1,73m2. A serum half-life of 1,1-1,5 hour and a volume of distribution of 16 liters were reported.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion for cephaloridine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the waste enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the most likely explanation for the absence of other microbiologically active metabolites?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted unchanged

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need to live a healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal clearances

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted unchanged

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: What is the only cure for kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cephaloridine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: plasma clearance

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal clearance of 125 ml/min/1,73m2.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal clearance of 125 ml/min/1,73m2.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted unchanged.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 125 ml/min/1,73m2.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 167 ml/min/1,73m2

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 146-280 ml/min,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: clearances

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unchanged.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cephaloridine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cephaloridine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Renal

text: "Three or four people in a closed nexus will maintain a status quo which suits them, forming a collusive alliance to neutralize anyone who threatens its stability." Building on W. R. Bion's account "of the numbing feeling of reality that is a concomitant of this state", and on Klein's accounts of how "we are all prone to be drawn into social phantasy systems " - accounts of how a group's basic assumptions could radiate "long silences, sighs of boredom, movements of discomfort...the hostility of the individuals was being contributed to the group anonymously" - Laing described how "the energy of the nexus is used to prevent anything going on...exchanges are boring, repetitious, concerned only with trivia."

text: "Three or four people in a closed nexus will maintain a status quo which suits them, forming a collusive alliance to neutralize anyone who threatens its stability." Building on

text: W. R. Bion

text: 's account "of the numbing feeling of reality that is a concomitant of this state", and on

text: Klein's

text: accounts of how "we are all prone to be drawn into social phantasy systems " - accounts of how a group's

entity_section: Group dynamics — the "basic assumptions"

text: basic assumptions

text: could radiate "long silences, sighs of boredom, movements of discomfort...the hostility of the individuals was being contributed to the group anonymously" - Laing described how "the energy of the nexus is used to prevent anything going on...exchanges are boring, repetitious, concerned only with trivia."

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: the body's pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: neutralize anyone who threatens its stability

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sighs of boredom

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: boring, repetitious,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: status quo

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: neutralize anyone who threatens its stability."

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "Three or four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: numbing feeling of reality that is a concomitant

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: a closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: closed nexus

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nexus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: "Three or four people in a closed nexus

text: The presence of a peritrophic matrix significantly simplifies the excretion process. Rather than having to continually sift through a mixture of digestible and unwanted molecules, digestible molecules are quickly broken down by enzymes, removed from the matrix and absorbed. Once the digestive process is completed, unwanted molecules are kept confined within the endoperitrophic space and excreted along with the matrix.

text: The presence of a peritrophic matrix significantly simplifies the excretion process. Rather than having to continually sift through a mixture of digestible and unwanted molecules, digestible molecules are quickly broken down by enzymes, removed from the matrix and absorbed. Once the digestive process is completed, unwanted molecules are kept confined within the endoperitrophic space and excreted along with the matrix.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion process

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: endoperitrophic space

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted along with the matrix

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: peritrophic

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted along with the matrix

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: endoperitrophic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: endoperitrophic

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: endoperitrophic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sift

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: endoperitrophic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion process.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: sift through a mixture of digestible and unwanted molecules,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion process.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion process.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: absorbed.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The presence of a peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The presence of a peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: absorbed.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: broken down by enzymes,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: presence of a peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: peritrophic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sift through a mixture of digestible and unwanted molecules,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: peritrophic matrix

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

text: Joan had been a patient at Sharpstown General for six hours when her kidneys began to fail; she was not passing any urine and had edema. Her intravenous fluids were increased with the hope of being able to prompt her kidneys into producing urine.  By 8 p.m., Joan Robinson Hill's kidneys had failed to respond and her condition was considered to be "grave".  Dr. Bernard Hicks, a kidney specialist, was called in to consult. Dr. Hicks determined Joan was in severe kidney failure.  Since Sharpstown General had no dialysis machine, the medical team debated about transferring Joan to Houston Methodist Hospital, where such equipment was available, but Dr. Hicks believed she was too ill to be transferred.  The option for treating her at the hospital was to begin peritoneal dialysis.  Dr. Hicks wanted the consent of John Hill before beginning this procedure and phoned him at the Kirby Drive home at 9:15 p.m.  Hill left the house after taking the telephone call but did not arrive at Sharpstown General to give his consent until 11 p.m. His wife was conscious and begged him to stay with her, saying that she was frightened.

text: Joan had been a patient at Sharpstown General for six hours when her kidneys began to fail; she was not passing any

text: urine

text: and had

text: edema

text: . Her intravenous fluids were increased with the hope of being able to prompt her kidneys into producing urine.  By 8 p.m., Joan Robinson Hill's kidneys had failed to respond and her condition was considered to be "grave".  Dr. Bernard Hicks, a

text: kidney

text: specialist, was called in to consult. Dr. Hicks determined Joan was in severe

text: kidney failure

text: .  Since Sharpstown General had no

text: dialysis

text: machine, the medical team debated about transferring Joan to

text: Houston Methodist Hospital

text: , where such equipment was available, but Dr. Hicks believed she was too ill to be transferred.  The option for treating her at the hospital was to begin

text: peritoneal dialysis

text: .  Dr. Hicks wanted the consent of John Hill before beginning this procedure and phoned him at the Kirby Drive home at 9:15 p.m.  Hill left the house after taking the telephone call but did not arrive at Sharpstown General to give his consent until 11 p.m. His wife was conscious and begged him to stay with her, saying that she was frightened.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste: blood containing wastes or wastes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: intravenous fluids

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the final product of dialysis?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Why was Joan not passing any urine?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day does the kidney filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: passing any urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is dialysis?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: passing any urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: the bladder, the kidneys, or the dialysis machine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys began to fail; she was not passing any urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys began to fail; she was not passing any urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: intravenous

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: producing urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Joan Robinson Hill's kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: producing urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: not passing any urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys began to fail; she was not passing any urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: peritoneal dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The effect of eating asparagus on urine excreted afterwards has long been observed:

text: The effect of eating asparagus on

text: urine

text: excreted afterwards has long been observed:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter the waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: (iv).

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys filter blood into urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver is a part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: eating asparagus

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the organ where urine forms.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The effect of eating asparagus

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: eating asparagus

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine excreted afterwards

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: observed:

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine excreted afterwards

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The effect of eating asparagus

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: asparagus on urine excreted afterwards has long been observed:

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The concept of allostasis was proposed by Sterling and Eyer in 1988 to describe an additional process of reestablishing homeostasis, but one that responds to a challenge instead of to subtle ebb and flow. This theory suggests that both homeostasis and allostasis are endogenous systems responsible for maintaining the internal stability of an organism. Homeostasis, from the Greek homeo, means "similar," while stasis means "stand;" thus, "standing at about the same level." (The term was not coined as "homostasis" or "standing the same" because internal states are frequently being disturbed and corrected, thus rarely perfectly constant.) Allostasis was coined similarly, from the Greek allo, which means "variable;" thus, "remaining stable by being variable" (; ).  Allostatic regulation reflects, at least partly, cephalic involvement in primary regulatory events, in that it is anticipatory to systemic physiological regulation (; ). The term Heterostasis is also used in place of Allostasis, particularly where state changes are finite in number and therefore discrete (e.g. computational processes). Wingfield states:

text: The concept of allostasis was proposed by Sterling and Eyer in 1988 to describe an additional process of reestablishing homeostasis, but one that responds to a challenge instead of to subtle ebb and flow. This theory suggests that both homeostasis and allostasis are endogenous systems responsible for maintaining the internal stability of an organism. Homeostasis, from the Greek homeo, means "similar," while stasis means "stand;" thus, "standing at about the same level." (The term was not coined as "homostasis" or "standing the same" because internal states are frequently being disturbed and corrected, thus rarely perfectly constant.) Allostasis was coined similarly, from the Greek allo, which means "variable;" thus, "remaining stable by being variable" (; ).  Allostatic regulation reflects, at least partly, cephalic involvement in primary regulatory events, in that it is anticipatory to systemic physiological regulation (; ). The term

text: Heterostasis

text: is also used in place of Allostasis, particularly where state changes are finite in number and therefore discrete (e.g. computational processes). Wingfield states:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Context: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of urination is normally under conscious control.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the kidney do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reestablishing homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys help keep blood pressure within a normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: allostatic regulation

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: context: Each kidney contains more than a million nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: context:

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: context:

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Allostatic regulation

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Heterostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: cephalic involvement in primary regulatory events,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reestablishing homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: computational processes).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: finite in number

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Heterostasis

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cephalic involvement in primary regulatory events,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: anticipatory to systemic physiological regulation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: allostasis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Heterostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cephalic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cephalic

text: Urine is a by-product of the body secreted by the kidney, and cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products that require clearance from the bloodstream.  An exhaustive description of the composition of human urine was prepared for NASA in 1971. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with the remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration urea 9.3 g/L, chloride 1.87 g/L, sodium 1.17 g/L, potassium 0.750 g/L, creatinine 0.670 g/L and other dissolved ions, inorganic and organic compounds.

text: Urine is a by-product of the body secreted by the kidney, and cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products that require

text: clearance

text: from the

text: bloodstream

text: .  An exhaustive description of the composition of human urine was prepared for NASA in 1971. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with the remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration

text: urea

text: 9.3 g/L,

text: chloride

text: 1.87 g/L,

text: sodium

text: 1.17 g/L,

text: potassium

text: 0.750 g/L,

text: creatinine

text: 0.670 g/L and other dissolved ions, inorganic and organic compounds.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system secretes urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which is not a by-product of the body?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: clearance from the bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: clearance from the bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: by-product of the body secreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: the kidney, the bladder, or the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidney,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: greater than 95%

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: clearance from the bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 0.670 g/L

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urine is a by-product of the body secreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: The human kidney is fairly typical of that of mammals. Distinctive features of the mammalian kidney, in comparison with that of other vertebrates, include the presence of the renal pelvis and renal pyramids, and of a clearly distinguishable cortex and medulla. The latter feature is due to the presence of elongated loops of Henle; these are much shorter in birds, and not truly present in other vertebrates (although the nephron often has a short intermediate segment between the convoluted tubules). It is only in mammals that the kidney takes on its classical "kidney" shape, although there are some exceptions, such as the multilobed reniculate kidneys of pinnipeds and cetaceans.

text: The human kidney is fairly typical of that of

text: mammal

text: s. Distinctive features of the mammalian kidney, in comparison with that of other vertebrates, include the presence of the renal pelvis and renal pyramids, and of a clearly distinguishable cortex and medulla. The latter feature is due to the presence of elongated

text: loops of Henle

text: ; these are much shorter in birds, and not truly present in other vertebrates (although the nephron often has a short intermediate segment between the convoluted tubules). It is only in mammals that the kidney takes on its classical "kidney" shape, although there are some exceptions, such as the multilobed

text: reniculate kidney

text: s of

text: pinniped

text: s and

text: cetacea

text: ns.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: intermediate segment

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal pelvis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: medulla

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: multilobed

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: elongated loops

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal pelvis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: medulla

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: elongated loops of Henle;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: convoluted tubules).

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: convoluted tubules).

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Distinctive features of the mammalian kidney,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The human kidney

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: birds,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: multilobed

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: convoluted tubules).

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: human

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: elongated loops of Henle;

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal pelvis and renal pyramids,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: elongated loops of Henle;

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cetaceans.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Effluent sewer systems, as well as all sewer systems, can use two methods to transport wastewater to a treatment facility. These methods are gravity and pumping, also called pressure systems. Gravity systems use pipes that are laid on a slight downhill slope to transport wastewater. Effluent pumping systems have pipes that are buried at a constant depth, such as a metre and a half, and rely on pumping stations that create pressure to move the waste to a treatment facility. An effluent sewer that uses gravity may be called a septic tank effluent gravity (STEG) system, while a pumping system may be called a septic tank effluent pumping (STEP) system. It is also possible to have a hybrid system that uses gravity and pumping. Gravity and pumping effluent sewer systems both have advantages and disadvantages. The best type of system to use depends on the area it will be serving. Factors such as population size, topography, groundwater level, as well as locations for pumping stations and the treatment plant, must be taken into account. STEG systems should not be confused with traditional sewer systems that use gravity to transport untreated sewage to a wastewater treatment plant, which are typically referred to as gravity sewer systems.

text: Effluent sewer systems, as well as all sewer systems, can use two methods to transport wastewater to a treatment facility. These methods are gravity and pumping, also called pressure systems. Gravity systems use pipes that are laid on a slight downhill slope to transport

text: wastewater

text: . Effluent pumping systems have pipes that are buried at a constant depth, such as a metre and a half, and rely on pumping stations that create pressure to move the waste to a treatment facility. An effluent sewer that uses gravity may be called a septic tank effluent gravity (STEG) system, while a pumping system may be called a septic tank effluent pumping (STEP) system. It is also possible to have a hybrid system that uses gravity and pumping. Gravity and pumping effluent sewer systems both have advantages and disadvantages. The best type of system to use depends on the area it will be serving. Factors such as population size, topography, groundwater level, as well as locations for pumping stations and the treatment plant, must be taken into account. STEG systems should not be confused with traditional sewer systems that use gravity to transport untreated sewage to a wastewater treatment plant, which are typically referred to as gravity sewer systems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does a ureter work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: untreated sewage

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: STEG system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: gravity

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Septic tank

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: STEG

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: STEG

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: septic

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pressure systems.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pumping stations

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: wastewater to a treatment facility.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: septic tank

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a metre and a half,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: septic tank effluent pumping

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: gravity sewer systems.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: pressure

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: sewage to a wastewater treatment plant,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Effluent sewer systems,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: septic tank

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: septic tank

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: septic tank

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: septic tank

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: pressure systems.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: septic tank

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: septic tank

text: Secernentea are the main class of nematodes, characterised by numerous caudal papillae and an excretory system possessing lateral canals. Like all nematodes, they have no circulatory or respiratory system. These are also called as phasmidians as they have the phasmids which are the posterior glandulo sensory and excretory structure.

text: Secernentea are the main

text: class

text: of

text: nematodes

text: , characterised by numerous

text: caudal papilla

text: e and an

text: excretory system

text: possessing lateral canals. Like all nematodes, they have no circulatory or respiratory system. These are also called as phasmidians as they have the phasmids which are the posterior glandulo sensory and excretory structure.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory system: large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or phasmidians?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main class of nematodes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lateral canals

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: lateral canals

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: lateral canal

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: lateral canals

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: lateral canals

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: phasmids

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phasmid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Circulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory or respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system possessing lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: phasmids

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phasmids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulatory or respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: lateral canals.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: lateral canals.

text: The kidneys have an important role in maintaining health. When healthy, the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium of water and minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate). The acidic metabolism end-products that the body cannot get rid of via respiration are also excreted through the kidneys. The kidneys also function as a part of the endocrine system, producing erythropoietin, calcitriol and renin. Erythropoietin is involved in the production of red blood cells and calcitriol plays a role in bone formation. Dialysis is an imperfect treatment to replace kidney function because it does not correct the compromised endocrine functions of the kidney. Dialysis treatments replace some of these functions through diffusion (waste removal) and ultrafiltration (fluid removal).

text: The

text: kidney

text: s have an important role in maintaining health. When healthy, the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium of water and minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate). The acidic

text: metabolism

text: end-products that the body cannot get rid of via respiration are also excreted through the kidneys. The kidneys also function as a part of the

text: endocrine system

text: , producing

text: erythropoietin

text: calcitriol

text: and

text: renin

text: . Erythropoietin is involved in the production of red blood cells and calcitriol plays a role in bone formation. Dialysis is an imperfect treatment to replace kidney function because it does not correct the compromised endocrine functions of the kidney. Dialysis treatments replace some of these functions through

text: diffusion

text: (waste removal) and

text: ultrafiltration

text: (fluid removal).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys have an important role in maintaining health.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a mineral: potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: red blood cell production

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: waste removal

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: When healthy, the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: endocrine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a mineral: potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons do the kidneys contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a mineral: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: When healthy, the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium of water and minerals

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the compromised endocrine functions of the kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not part of the urinary system: kidneys, bladder, or endocrine system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: endocrine system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Dialysis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: diffusion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: respiration

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: endocrine system,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: (waste removal)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium of water and minerals

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: calcitriol plays a role in bone formation. Dialysis

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: respiration are also excreted through the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the kidneys maintain the body's internal equilibrium of water and minerals

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: compromised endocrine functions

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Dialysis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfate).

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: To date, there have been no conclusive or major studies relating to female ejaculation. The largest study being an internet survey consisting of 320 participants.  Much of the problem in arriving at a consensus relates to a failure to adopt generally agreed-on definitions or research methodology. Research has used highly selected individuals, case studies, or very small numbers of subjects, making generalization difficult. For instance, much of the research into the nature of the fluid focuses on determining whether it is or contains urine. There are also problems involved in the collection of specimens and issues of contamination. Since the area of interest is para-urethral glands, it is impossible to completely separate the secretions from urine, especially considering that there may be retrograde ejaculation into the urethra towards the bladder. The best current data comes from studies where women have abstained from coitus, and where their own urine is used as a control both pre- and post-orgasm. Research has attempted to use chemicals that are excreted in the urine so that any urinary contamination can be detected. Further methodological issues include the fact that the composition of the fluid appears to vary with the menstrual cycle, and that the biochemical profile of the para-urethral tissues varies with age.Other issues relate to the sensitivity and specificity of the markers chosen. The key questions are the source of the fluid produced, and its composition.

text: To date, there have been no conclusive or major studies relating to female ejaculation. The largest study being an internet survey consisting of 320 participants.  Much of the problem in arriving at a consensus relates to a failure to adopt generally agreed-on definitions or research methodology. Research has used highly selected individuals, case studies, or very small numbers of subjects, making generalization difficult. For instance, much of the research into the nature of the fluid focuses on determining whether it is or contains urine. There are also problems involved in the collection of specimens and issues of contamination. Since the area of interest is para-urethral glands, it is impossible to completely separate the secretions from urine, especially considering that there may be

text: retrograde ejaculation

text: into the urethra towards the bladder. The best current data comes from studies where women have abstained from coitus, and where their own urine is used as a control both pre- and post-orgasm. Research has attempted to use chemicals that are excreted in the urine so that any urinary contamination can be detected. Further methodological issues include the fact that the composition of the fluid appears to vary with the menstrual cycle, and that the biochemical profile of the para-urethral tissues varies with age.Other issues relate to the sensitivity and specificity of the markers chosen. The key questions are the source of the fluid produced, and its composition.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main function of the ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: menstrual cycle

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: menstrual cycle

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: retrograde ejaculation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ejaculation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: para-urethral glands,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: para-urethral glands,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: women have abstained from coitus,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: menstrual cycle,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: determining whether it is or contains urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: para-urethral glands,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 320

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 320 participants.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 320

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: retrograde ejaculation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: their own urine is used as a control

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: female ejaculation.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: para-urethral glands,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: para-urethral

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: chemicals that are excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder.

text: Urine diversion toilets have two compartments, one for urine and one for feces. One or both compartment may be flushed with water. A Urine-diverting dry toilet can be linked to systems which reuse excreta as a fertilizer or biofuel. Astronauts use a UDDT type of space toilet to recover potable water.

text: Urine diversion

text: toilets have two compartments, one for urine and one for feces. One or both compartment may be flushed with water. A

text: Urine-diverting dry toilet

text: can be linked to systems which

text: reuse excreta

text: as a fertilizer or

text: biofuel

text: . Astronauts use a UDDT type of

text: space toilet

text: to recover

text: potable water

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine diversion toilets have two compartments, one for urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of toilet: urine diversion toilets or feces

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: compartment

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: flushed with water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reuse excreta as a fertilizer or biofuel.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine diversion toilets have two compartments, one for urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Astronauts

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Astronauts

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine diversion toilets

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: a fertilizer

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: biofuel.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine and one for feces.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The effects of diuretic factors are tested in fluid secretion experiments, usually conducted using the Ramsay assay, in which isolated Malpighian tubules are placed in droplets of saline solution under liquid paraffin. The ends of the tubules are drawn out of the saline and wrapped around minuten pins. The diameter of the secreted droplets is measured, whereby the volume, in nanolitres, and hence rate of secretion, can be calculated. Test substances are added to the saline and changes in secretion rate are recorded. Isolated tubules continue to secrete for many hours, and because the Ramsay assay is fairly easy to perform, many peptides are tested using this method. As a result, the effects of diuretic peptides are often tested only on the tubules and their role in other parts of the insect excretory system is not investigated.

text: The effects of diuretic factors are tested in fluid secretion experiments, usually conducted using the

text: Ramsay assay

text: , in which isolated Malpighian tubules are placed in droplets of

text: saline solution

text: under liquid

text: paraffin

text: . The ends of the tubules are drawn out of the saline and wrapped around minuten pins. The diameter of the secreted droplets is measured, whereby the volume, in nanolitres, and hence rate of secretion, can be calculated. Test substances are added to the saline and changes in secretion rate are recorded. Isolated tubules continue to secrete for many hours, and because the Ramsay assay is fairly easy to perform, many peptides are tested using this method. As a result, the effects of diuretic peptides are often tested only on the tubules and their role in other parts of the insect excretory system is not investigated.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion are not investigated?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter wastes out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: diuretic factors are tested in fluid secretion experiments

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: paraffin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: rate of secretion,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The effects of diuretic

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: saline solution under liquid paraffin.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: insect excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Ramsay assay,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: saline solution under liquid paraffin.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: paraffin.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: insect excretory

text: Deficiency in the enzymes of the porphyrin pathway leads to insufficient production of heme. Heme function plays a central role in cellular metabolism. This is not the main problem in the porphyrias; most heme synthesis enzymes—even dysfunctional enzymes—have enough residual activity to assist in heme biosynthesis. The principal problem in these deficiencies is the accumulation of porphyrins, the heme precursors, which are toxic to tissue in high concentrations. The chemical properties of these intermediates determine the location of accumulation, whether they induce photosensitivity, and whether the intermediate is excreted (in the urine or feces).

text: Deficiency in the

text: enzymes

text: of the porphyrin pathway leads to insufficient production of

text: heme

text: Heme

text: function plays a central role in cellular

text: metabolism

text: . This is not the main problem in the porphyrias; most

text: heme

text: synthesis

text: enzymes

text: —even dysfunctional

text: enzymes

text: —have enough residual activity to assist in

text: heme

text: biosynthesis. The principal problem in these deficiencies is the accumulation of

text: porphyrin

text: s, the

text: heme

text: precursors, which are toxic to tissue in high concentrations. The chemical properties of these intermediates determine the location of accumulation, whether they induce

text: photosensitivity

text: , and whether the intermediate is excreted (in the

text: urine

text: or

text: feces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excreted (in the urine or feces).

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main problem in the porphyrias

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: intermediate

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: intermediate

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the main problem in the porphyrias?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excreted (in the urine or feces)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: porphyrin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Hemolysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine or feces).

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: feces).

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine or feces).

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine or feces).

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Deficiency in the enzymes of the porphyrin pathway

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine or feces).

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Deficiency in the enzymes of the porphyrin pathway

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: porphyrin pathway

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine or feces).

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Deficiency in the enzymes of the porphyrin pathway

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine or feces).

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: heme.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces).

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: heme.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: porphyrin pathway

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces).

text: The cause is not known. It does not seem to be an immune type reaction. In other words, calciphylaxis is not a hypersensitivity reaction (i.e., allergic reaction) leading to sudden local calcification. Clearly, additional factors are involved in calciphylaxis. It is also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy; however, the disease is not limited to patients with kidney failure. The current belief is that in end-stage renal disease, abnormal calcium and phosphate homeostasis result in the deposition of calcium in the vessels, also known as metastatic calcification.  Once the calcium has been deposited, a thrombotic event occurs within the lumen of these vessels, resulting in tissue infarction.  It is unknown what the triggers are that cause the thrombotic and ischemic event.  Reported risk factors include female sex, obesity, elevated calcium*phosphate product, medications such as warfarin, calcium-based binders, or systemic steroids, protein C or S deficiency, hypoalbuminemia, and diabetes.

text: The cause is not known. It does not seem to be an immune type reaction. In other words, calciphylaxis is not a

text: hypersensitivity

text: reaction (i.e., allergic reaction) leading to sudden local calcification. Clearly, additional factors are involved in calciphylaxis. It is also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy; however, the disease is not limited to patients with kidney failure. The current belief is that in end-stage renal disease, abnormal calcium and phosphate homeostasis result in the deposition of calcium in the vessels, also known as metastatic calcification.  Once the calcium has been deposited, a thrombotic event occurs within the lumen of these vessels, resulting in tissue infarction.  It is unknown what the triggers are that cause the thrombotic and ischemic event.  Reported risk factors include female sex, obesity, elevated calcium*phosphate product, medications such as warfarin, calcium-based binders, or systemic steroids, protein C or S deficiency, hypoalbuminemia, and diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does calciphylaxis involve?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Arterial

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: calcium and phosphate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is calcific uremic arteriolopathy?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: arteriolopathy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: warfarin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: arterial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: calcific uremic arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: calcific uremic arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: uremic arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: calcific uremic arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: immune type reaction.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: calcium and phosphate homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney failure. The current belief is that in end-stage renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: deposition of calcium

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: abnormal calcium and phosphate homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: female sex,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune type reaction.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not known.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hypoalbuminemia,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: not known. It does not seem to be an immune type reaction.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: calcific uremic arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: calcium and phosphate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: calcific uremic arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: end-stage renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcific uremic arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: warfarin,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: arteriolopathy;

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In the USA, the National Kidney Foundation is a national organization representing patients and professionals who treat kidney diseases. The American Kidney Fund is a national nonprofit organization providing treatment-related financial assistance to one of every five dialysis patients each year. The Renal Support Network is a nonprofit, patient-focused, patient-run organization that provides nonmedical services to those affected by CKD. The American Association of Kidney Patients is a nonprofit, patient-centric group focused on improving the health and well-being of CKD and dialysis patients. The Renal Physicians Association is an association representing nephrology professionals.

text: In the USA, the

text: National Kidney Foundation

text: is a national organization representing patients and professionals who treat kidney diseases. The

text: American Kidney Fund

text: is a national nonprofit organization providing treatment-related financial assistance to one of every five dialysis patients each year. The

text: Renal Support Network

text: is a nonprofit, patient-focused, patient-run organization that provides nonmedical services to those affected by CKD. The

text: American Association of Kidney Patients

text: is a nonprofit, patient-centric group focused on improving the health and well-being of CKD and

text: dialysis

text: patients. The

text: Renal Physicians Association

text: is an association representing

text: nephrology

text: professionals.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal Physicians Association is an association representing nephrology professionals

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Renal Support Network

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the National Kidney Foundation represent?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treat kidney diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What does the Renal Physicians Association represent?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the National Kidney Foundation?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Renal Physicians Association

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: patients and professionals who treat kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: CKD.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: five

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: treatment-related financial assistance to one of every five dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: National Kidney Foundation

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrology

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: CKD.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a small-vessel vasculitis in which complexes of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement component 3 (C3) are deposited on arterioles, capillaries, and venules. As with IgA nephropathy, serum levels of IgA are high in HSP and there are identical findings on renal biopsy; however, IgA nephropathy has a predilection for young adults while HSP is more predominant among children. Further, IgA nephropathy typically only affects the kidneys while HSP is a systemic disease. HSP involves the skin and connective tissues, scrotum, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

text: Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a small-vessel vasculitis in which complexes of

text: immunoglobulin A

text: (IgA) and

text: complement component 3

text: (C3) are deposited on arterioles, capillaries, and venules. As with

text: IgA nephropathy

text: , serum levels of IgA are high in HSP and there are identical findings on renal biopsy; however, IgA nephropathy has a predilection for young adults while HSP is more predominant among children. Further, IgA nephropathy typically only affects the kidneys while HSP is a systemic disease. HSP involves the skin and connective tissues, scrotum, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does IgA nephropathy typically affect?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: IgA

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is IgA nephropathy?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: arterioles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: IgA nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: serum levels of IgA

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, scrotum, joints, gastrointestinal tract, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: venous

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: venules.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: venules.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: IgA nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: IgA nephropathy typically only affects the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal biopsy;

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: venules.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: IgA nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: arterioles,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Henoch–Schönlein purpura

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: venules.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: venules.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: IgA nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: biopsy;

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: venules.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Teeth are not subject to continual remodelling and so their isotopic oxygen ratios remain constant from the time of formation. The isotopic oxygen ratios, then, of teeth represent the ratios of the region in which the individual was born and raised. Where deciduous teeth are present, it is also possible to determine the age at which a child was weaned. Breast milk production draws upon the body water of the mother, which has higher levels of O due to the preferential loss of O through sweat, urine, and expired water vapour.

text: Teeth

text: are not subject to continual remodelling and so their isotopic oxygen ratios remain constant from the time of formation. The isotopic oxygen ratios, then, of teeth represent the ratios of the region in which the individual was born and raised. Where

text: deciduous teeth

text: are present, it is also possible to determine the age at which a child was

text: weaned

text: Breast milk

text: production draws upon the

text: body water

text: of the mother, which has higher levels of O due to the preferential loss of O through sweat, urine, and expired water vapour.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: sweat glands in the skin or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the first organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: teeth

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: preferential loss of O

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: sweat, urine, and expired water vapour.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: sweat, urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: loss of O through sweat, urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat, urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Breast milk

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Teeth are not subject to continual remodelling

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sweat, urine, and expired water vapour.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Teeth are not subject to continual remodelling

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sweat, urine, and expired water vapour.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sweat, urine, and expired water vapour.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: preferential loss of O through sweat, urine, and expired water vapour.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: loss of O through sweat, urine,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Teeth are not subject to continual remodelling

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: sweat,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: sweat, urine,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: O

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Teeth are not subject to continual remodelling

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine,

text: | bioavailability   =| protein_bound     =| metabolism        =| elimination_half-life =| excretion         =

text: | bioavailability   =| protein_bound     =| metabolism        =| elimination_half-life =| excretion         =

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion is part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: protein_bound

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: protein bound

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: protein_bound

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete it.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: protein bound protein.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: protein binding

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: protein_bound

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: elimination_half-life =| excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: elimination_half-life

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: elimination_half-life =| excretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: elimination_half-life

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: elimination_half-life =| excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: elimination_half-life =| excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: elimination_half-life =| excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

text: The autonomic nervous system plays a central role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis via pressure, volume, and chemoreceptor signals. It does this by regulating the peripheral vasculature, and kidney function, which in turn affect cardiac output, vascular resistance, and fluid retention. Excess activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases blood pressure and contributes to hypertension.

text: The

text: autonomic nervous system

text: plays a central role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis via

text: pressure

text: volume

text: , and

text: chemoreceptor

text: signals. It does this by regulating the peripheral vasculature, and kidney function, which in turn affect

text: cardiac output

text: vascular resistance

text: , and

text: fluid retention

text: . Excess activity of the

text: sympathetic nervous system

text: increases blood pressure and contributes to hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: peripheral vasculature

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the autonomic nervous system do?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: peripheral vasculature

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cardiac output

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the autonomic nervous system do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulate the peripheral vasculature

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: fluid retention

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: affect cardiac output, vascular resistance, and fluid retention

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: chemo

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: peripheral vasculature,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: chemoreceptor

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: peripheral vasculature,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: fluid retention.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: autonomic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cardiac output, vascular resistance, and fluid retention.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney function, which in turn affect cardiac output,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: autonomic nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pressure, volume, and chemoreceptor signals.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: peripheral vasculature,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: fluid retention.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: affect cardiac output, vascular resistance, and fluid retention.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: fluid retention.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: chemoreceptor

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney function, which in turn affect cardiac output, vascular resistance,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: peripheral vasculature,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Diabetic nephropathy (or diabetic kidney disease) is a progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the kidneys' glomeruli. It is characterized by nephrotic syndrome and diffuse scarring of the glomeruli. It is due to longstanding diabetes mellitus, and is a prime reason for dialysis in many developed countries.It is classified as a small blood vessel complication of diabetes.

text: Diabetic nephropathy (or diabetic kidney disease) is a progressive

text: kidney disease

text: caused by

text: damage

text: to the

text: capillaries

text: in the

text: kidney

text: s'

text: glomeruli

text: . It is characterized by

text: nephrotic syndrome

text: and diffuse

text: scarring of the glomeruli

text: . It is due to longstanding

text: diabetes mellitus

text: , and is a prime reason for

text: dialysis

text: in many developed countries.It is classified as a

text: small blood vessel complication

text: of diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: damage to the capillaries in the kidneys' glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: damage to the capillaries

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: damage to the capillaries in the kidneys' glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys'

text: Excretory system: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

text: Excretory system

text: : The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal pore

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not part of the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal pore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The renal pore is between heart and kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: It causes damage to the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal pore

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Excretory system:

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Excretory system: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal pore

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Excretory system:

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretory system: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Excretory system:

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: anus.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Excretory system:

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The renal pore

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The renal pore is between heart and anus.

text: The minor criteria are the following: a low urine volume (less than  per day), low sodium concentration in the urine, a urine osmolality that is greater than that in the blood, the absence of red blood cells in the urine, and a serum sodium concentration of less than 130 mmol/L.

text: The minor criteria are the following: a

text: low urine volume

text: (less than  per day), low

text: sodium

text: concentration in the urine, a

text: urine osmolality

text: that is greater than that in the

text: blood

text: , the absence of

text: red blood cells

text: in the urine, and a serum sodium concentration of less than 130 mmol/L.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sodium levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: low urine volume

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine osmolality

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The minor criteria are the following: a low urine volume

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 130 mmol/L.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 130 mmol/L.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: low urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 130 mmol/L.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine osmolality

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine,

text: An argument first presented by Judith Jarvis Thomson states that even if the fetus is a person and has a right to life, abortion is morally permissible because a woman has a right to control her own body and its life-support functions. Thomson's variant of this argument draws an analogy between forcing a woman to continue an unwanted pregnancy and forcing a person to allow his body to be used to maintain blood homeostasis (as a dialysis machine is used) for another person suffering from kidney failure.  It is argued that just as it would be permissible to "unplug" and thereby cause the death of the person who is using one's kidneys, so it is permissible to abort the fetus (who similarly, it is said, has no right to use one's body's life-support functions against one's will).

text: An argument first presented by

text: Judith Jarvis Thomson

text: states that even if the fetus is a person and has a right to life, abortion is morally permissible because a woman has a right to control her own body and its life-support functions. Thomson's variant of this argument draws an analogy between forcing a woman to continue an unwanted pregnancy and forcing a person to allow his body to be used to maintain blood

text: homeostasis

text: (as a

text: dialysis

text: machine is used) for another person suffering from

text: kidney failure

text: .  It is argued that just as it would be permissible to "unplug" and thereby cause the death of the person who is using one's kidneys, so it is permissible to abort the fetus (who similarly, it is said, has no right to use one's body's life-support functions against one's will).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are used to maintain blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the fetus have a right to?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: dialysis machine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of urination is normally under conscious control

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the dialysis machine?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why is it permissible to abort the fetus?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis machine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does a kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis machine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unplug

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the main idea of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis machine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dialysis machine is used) for another person suffering from kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a woman has a right to control her own body

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: fetus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: maintain blood homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: dialysis machine is used) for another person suffering from kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: Professor Dharma-wardana has recently engaged himself in trying to unravel the origins of the mysterious kidney disease that has appeared (since 1992) in the North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka, and now rising to near epidemic proportions, killing thousands of people. The disease has similarities to Danubian endemic familial nephropathy or DEFN. The cause of the disease is unknown and hence it is called chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDU) by medical scientists. A paper authored by him and three other well-known Sri Lankan scientists appeared in the journal Environmental Health and Geochemistry setting the trend for a new paradigm regarding CKDU.

text: Professor Dharma-wardana has recently engaged himself in trying to unravel the origins of the mysterious kidney disease that has appeared (since 1992) in the

text: North Central Province

text: (NCP) of Sri Lanka, and now rising to near epidemic proportions, killing thousands of people. The disease has similarities to

text: Danubian endemic familial nephropathy

text: or DEFN. The cause of the disease is unknown and hence it is called

text: chronic kidney disease

text: of unknown aetiology (CKDU) by medical scientists. A paper authored by him and three other well-known Sri Lankan scientists appeared in the journal Environmental Health and Geochemistry setting the trend for a new paradigm regarding CKDU.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does CKDU stand for?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: DEFN

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Nephro

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDU)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephropathy or DEFN.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Geochemistry

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: If urine is to be collected for use as a fertiliser in agriculture, then the easiest method of doing so is (in increasing order of costs) by using waterless urinals, urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) or urine diversion flush toilets.

text: If urine is to be collected for use as a fertiliser in agriculture, then the easiest method of doing so is (in increasing order of costs) by using waterless

text: urinals

text: urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs)

text: or

text: urine diversion

text: flush toilets.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: collects urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: collect urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: agriculture,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: If urine is to be collected for use as a fertiliser in agriculture,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: If urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: waterless urinals, urine-diverting dry toilets

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine-diverting dry toilets

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: If urine is to be collected for use as a fertiliser

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinals,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine-diverting

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinals,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine-diverting

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinals,

text: The general structure of the veliger includes a shell that surrounds the visceral organs of the larva (e.g., digestive tract, much of the nervous system, excretory organs) and a ciliated velum that extends beyond the shell as a single or multi-lobed structure used for swimming and particulate food collection. The larva may have, or may develop, a foot that will be used by the newly settled veliger as it moves about and searches for an appropriate place to metamorphose.

text: The general structure of the veliger includes a shell that surrounds the visceral organs of the larva (e.g., digestive tract, much of the nervous system, excretory organs) and a ciliated velum that extends beyond the shell as a single or multi-lobed structure used for swimming and particulate food collection. The larva may have, or may develop, a foot that will be used by the newly settled veliger as it moves about and searches for an appropriate place to metamorphose.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nervous system, excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ciliated velum

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system, excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: single or multi-lobed

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ciliated velum

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ciliated velum

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ciliated velum

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ciliated velum

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory organs) and a ciliated velum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory organs)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: digestive tract, much of the nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory organs)

text: About 10–15% of urinary calculi are composed of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate, NHMgPO·6HO). Struvite stones (also known as "infection stones", urease or triple-phosphate stones), form most often in the presence of infection by urea-splitting bacteria. Using the enzyme urease, these organisms metabolize urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This alkalinizes the urine, resulting in favorable conditions for the formation of struvite stones. Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Morganella morganii are the most common organisms isolated; less common organisms include Ureaplasma urealyticum, and some species of Providencia, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Enterobacter. These infection stones are commonly observed in people who have factors that predispose them to urinary tract infections, such as those with spinal cord injury and other forms of neurogenic bladder, ileal conduit urinary diversion, vesicoureteral reflux, and obstructive uropathies. They are also commonly seen in people with underlying metabolic disorders, such as idiopathic hypercalciuria, hyperparathyroidism, and gout. Infection stones can grow rapidly, forming large calyceal staghorn (antler-shaped) calculi requiring invasive surgery such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy for definitive treatment.

text: About 10–15% of urinary calculi are composed of

text: struvite

text: ammonium magnesium phosphate

text: , NHMgPO·6HO). Struvite stones (also known as "infection stones",

text: urease

text: or triple-phosphate stones), form most often in the presence of infection by urea-splitting

text: bacteria

text: . Using the enzyme urease, these organisms

text: metabolize

text: urea

text: into

text: ammonia

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: . This

text: alkalinizes

text: the urine, resulting in favorable conditions for the formation of struvite stones.

text: Proteus mirabilis

text: Proteus vulgaris

text: , and

text: Morganella morganii

text: are the most common organisms isolated; less common organisms include

text: Ureaplasma urealyticum

text: , and some species of

text: Providencia

text: Klebsiella

text: Serratia

text: , and

text: Enterobacter

text: . These infection stones are commonly observed in people who have factors that predispose them to

text: urinary tract infection

text: s, such as those with

text: spinal cord injury

text: and other forms of

text: neurogenic bladder

text: ileal conduit urinary diversion

text: vesicoureteral reflux

text: , and

text: obstructive uropathies

text: . They are also commonly seen in people with underlying metabolic disorders, such as

text: idiopathic

text: hypercalciuria

text: hyperparathyroidism

text: , and

text: gout

text: . Infection stones can grow rapidly, forming large calyceal staghorn (

text: antler

text: -shaped) calculi requiring invasive surgery such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy for definitive treatment.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spinal cord

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ileal conduit

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: alkalinizes the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, ileal conduit, or urinary diversion?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ileal conduit

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephro

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephrolithotomy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: percutaneous

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ileal conduit

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urea-splitting bacteria.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ileal conduit urinary diversion, vesicoureteral

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: vesicoureteral reflux,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urea-splitting bacteria.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: neurogenic bladder,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolic disorders,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: alkalinizes the urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: alkalinizes the urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: ileal conduit urinary diversion,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spinal cord

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 10–15%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ileal conduit urinary diversion,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 10–15%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vesicoureteral reflux,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: alkalinizes the urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: idiopathic hypercalciuria,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: neurogenic bladder,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: invasive surgery such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ileal conduit urinary diversion, vesicoureteral

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: vesicoureteral

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: struvite

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: percutaneous nephrolithotomy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ileal conduit urinary diversion, vesicoureteral

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephrolithotomy

text: In 2014, US communities with non-hospital-based urgent care centers (UCCs) were mainly urban, located in areas with higher income levels and higher levels of private insurance.Kaissi et al considered local multi-hospital systems in Florida, Maryland, Nevada, Texas, Virginia and Washington.  In 2012 50% of 117 hospital-based "clusters" included either UCCs, retail clinics, or both. 57% of systems in Washington operated an UCC, compared to 36% of systems in Washington, while systems in Florida had the largest share of UCCs (17.6%).  Authors noted unexplained state-by-state variation in hospital system partnership with UCC and retail clinic models.  Corwin et al considered Medicare beneficiaries presenting to an UCC (n=1,426,354) emergency department (ED) (n=334,841) or physicians office (n=8,359,498) with upper respiratory or urinary tract infections, bronchitis, sprains or contusions, and back or arthritic pain, in 2012.  Patients who presented to an ED were more likely to be female (67% of ED presentations) compared to those who presented to a UCC or physicians office (65% and 64% respectively).  Patients who presented to an UCC were significantly more likely to be aged over 85 (27%, compared to 15% of physicians office presentations, and 13% of ED presentations) or Black (11%, compared to 6% of physicians office presentations, and 4% of ED presentations).In 2014, 3.1% of Family Physicians in the United States worked primarily in UCCs, with a male:female ratio of workforce is 6:7, and an urban:rural ratio of 2:1.  This compares to 3.6% of Family Physicians working primarily in Emergency Care, with a male:female ratio of 5:3 and urban:rural ratio approaching 1:2.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract infections

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary tract infections

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: context: Each kidney contains more than a million nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary tract infections

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary tract infections

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary tract infections

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: context

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urgent care centers

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: upper respiratory or urinary tract infections, bronchitis,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: back or arthritic pain,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 3.1%

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: upper respiratory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 6:7,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 6:7,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 3.1%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: male:female

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: back or arthritic pain,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 3.1%

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: 3.1%

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

text: Long-term exposure of adults can result in decreased performance in some tests that measure functions of the nervous system. Long-term exposure to lead or its salts (especially soluble salts or the strong oxidant PbO) can cause nephropathy, and colic-like abdominal pains. It may also cause weakness in fingers, wrists, or ankles. Lead exposure also causes small increases in blood pressure, particularly in middle-aged and older people and can cause anemia. Exposure to high lead levels can cause severe damage to the brain and kidneys in adults or children and ultimately cause death. In pregnant women, high levels of exposure to lead may cause miscarriage. Chronic, high-level exposure has been shown to reduce fertility in males. Lead also damages nervous connections (especially in young children) and causes blood and brain disorders. Lead poisoning typically results from ingestion of food or water contaminated with lead, but may also occur after accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, dust, or lead-based paint. It is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and is believed to have adverse effects on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and the immune system.

text: Long-term exposure of adults can result in decreased performance in some tests that measure functions of the nervous system. Long-term exposure to lead or its salts (especially soluble salts or the strong oxidant PbO) can cause

text: nephropathy

text: , and

text: colic

text: -like abdominal pains. It may also cause weakness in fingers, wrists, or ankles. Lead exposure also causes small increases in blood pressure, particularly in middle-aged and older people and can cause anemia. Exposure to high lead levels can cause severe damage to the brain and kidneys in adults or children and ultimately cause death. In pregnant women, high levels of exposure to lead may cause miscarriage. Chronic, high-level exposure has been shown to reduce fertility in males. Lead also damages nervous connections (especially in young children) and causes blood and brain disorders. Lead poisoning typically results from ingestion of food or water contaminated with lead, but may also occur after accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, dust, or lead-based paint. It is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and is believed to have adverse effects on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and the immune system.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a organ: kidney, cardiovascular, or immune system?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a organ: the cardiovascular system, kidneys, or the immune system?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a organ: the cardiovascular system, kidneys, or the immune system?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Lead exposure also causes small increases in blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephropathy,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The urinary system is regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.

text: The urinary system is regulated by the

text: endocrine system

text: by

text: hormone

text: s such as

text: antidiuretic hormone

text: aldosterone

text: , and

text: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is regulated by the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a hormone: aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, or blood?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulates the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no answe

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no one

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate hormones

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial insemination

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: parathyroid

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system is regulated by the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The urinary system is regulated by the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The urinary system is regulated by the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The urinary system is regulated by the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The urinary system is regulated by the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulated by the endocrine system by hormones

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: parathyroid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: endocrine

text: Data gathered during 129- to 208-day Shuttle-Mir missions suggest that the spaceflight environment and subsequent return to Earth change the composition of the astronauts' urine and promoted the formation of renal stones.  This data shows that there was an increased risk for calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones during flight, and an increased risk for calcium oxalate and uric acid stones immediately after flight.  This post-flight stone development could be attributed to low urine volumes and higher urinary pH.

text: Data gathered during 129- to 208-day

text: Shuttle-Mir

text: missions suggest that the spaceflight environment and subsequent return to Earth change the composition of the astronauts' urine and promoted the formation of renal stones.  This data shows that there was an increased risk for calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones during flight, and an increased risk for calcium oxalate and uric acid stones immediately after flight.  This post-flight stone development could be attributed to low urine volumes and higher urinary pH.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of stone: calcium oxalate or uric acid?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine contain?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do humans have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: low urine volumes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: low urine volumes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal stone

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Mir

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine and promoted the formation of renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine and promoted the formation of renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: low urine volumes and higher urinary pH.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: spaceflight

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spaceflight

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: low urine volumes and higher urinary pH.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: low urine volumes and higher urinary pH.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Shuttle-Mir

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal stones.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: The specific kidney injuries induced by analgesics are renal papillary necrosis and chronic interstitial nephritis. They appear to result from decreased blood flow to the kidney, rapid consumption of antioxidants, and subsequent oxidative damage to the kidney. This kidney damage may lead to progressive chronic kidney failure, abnormal urinalysis results, high blood pressure, and anemia. A small proportion of individuals with analgesic nephropathy may develop end-stage kidney disease.

text: The specific kidney injuries induced by analgesics are

text: renal papillary necrosis

text: and

text: chronic interstitial nephritis

text: . They appear to result from decreased

text: blood flow to the kidney

text: , rapid consumption of

text: antioxidant

text: s, and subsequent

text: oxidative damage

text: to the kidney. This kidney damage may lead to progressive

text: chronic kidney failure

text: , abnormal

text: urinalysis

text: results,

text: high blood pressure

text: , and

text: anemia

text: . A small proportion of individuals with analgesic nephropathy may develop

text: end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a result of decreased blood flow to the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney injury: renal papillary necrosis or chronic interstitial nephritis?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: decreased blood flow to the kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney injury: renal papillary necrosis or chronic interstitial nephritis?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephritis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney injuries

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: decreased blood flow to the kidney,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinalysis results,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: high blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: analgesics

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney injuries induced by analgesics

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: interstitial nephritis.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney, rapid consumption of antioxidants,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal papillary necrosis

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: decreased blood flow to the kidney, rapid consumption of antioxidants,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: oxidative damage

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: end-stage kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: papillary

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal papillary

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: A primitive nervous system, without centralization, coordinates the processes involved in maintaining homeostasis, as well as biochemical and physical responses to various stimuli. No specialized sense organs are present.

text: A primitive nervous system, without centralization, coordinates the processes involved in maintaining homeostasis, as well as biochemical and physical responses to various stimuli. No specialized sense organs are present.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintains homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sense organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: centrifugal force

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintaining homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sense organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: No specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: A primitive nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: No specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: biochemical

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: A primitive nervous system, without centralization,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: sense organs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centralization,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: specialized sense organs

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: sense organs

text: Using iTunes®, Falk and his fellow nephrologists in the UNC Kidney Center have recorded many podcasts covering kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®. Detailed patient education materials about kidney disease have also been developed and are available through the UNC Kidney Center Health Library at http://www.unckidneycenter.org/kidneyhealthlibrary.html.

text: Using iTunes®, Falk and his fellow nephrologists in the UNC Kidney Center have recorded many podcasts covering kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®. Detailed patient education materials about kidney disease have also been developed and are available through the UNC Kidney Center Health Library at http://www.unckidneycenter.org/kidneyhealthlibrary.html.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Falk

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys work

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Falk

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: iTunes®,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: iTunes®,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: iTunes®, Falk and his fellow nephrologists

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease topics that are available through iTunes®.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrologists

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephrologists

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephrologists

text: Though recited normally by observant Jews each time excretory functions are used, hence giving it the name the "bathroom blessing", it is also recited during the Shacharit service due to its spiritual significance (to Jews, humans are made in God's image, so it is an expression of awe toward God's creations).

text: Though recited normally by observant Jews each time excretory functions are used, hence giving it the name the "bathroom blessing", it is also recited during the

text: Shacharit

text: service due to its spiritual significance (to Jews, humans are made in God's image, so it is an expression of awe toward God's creations).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Shacharit

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: bathroom blessing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bathroom

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Though recited normally by observant Jews each time excretory

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: "bathroom blessing",

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Northwest Kidney Centers’ mission is to promote the optimal health, quality of life and independence of people with kidney disease through patient care, education and research.

text: Northwest Kidney Centers’ mission is to promote the optimal health, quality of life and independence of people with kidney disease through patient care, education and research.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers’ mission is to promote the optimal health, quality of life and independence.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does Northwest Kidney Centers do?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The answer: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: promote the optimal health

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (A).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: (iv).

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease through patient care, education and research.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers’

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: independence

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: health,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers’

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers’

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers’

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: patient care, education and research.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers’

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers’

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The kidneys and excretory system are much the same as in other reptiles, but crocodilians do not have a bladder. In fresh water, the osmolality (the concentration of solutes that contribute to a solution's osmotic pressure) in the plasma is much higher than it is in the surrounding water. The animals are well-hydrated, and the urine in the cloaca is abundant and dilute, nitrogen being excreted as ammonium bicarbonate. Sodium loss is low and mainly takes place through the skin in freshwater conditions. In seawater, the opposite is true. The osmolality in the plasma is lower than the surrounding water, which is dehydrating for the animal. The cloacal urine is much more concentrated, white, and opaque, with the nitrogenous waste being mostly excreted as insoluble uric acid.

text: The kidneys and excretory system are much the same as in other reptiles, but crocodilians do not have a

text: bladder

text: . In fresh water, the

text: osmolality

text: (the concentration of solutes that contribute to a solution's

text: osmotic pressure

text: ) in the

text: plasma

text: is much higher than it is in the surrounding water. The animals are well-hydrated, and the urine in the cloaca is abundant and dilute, nitrogen being excreted as

text: ammonium bicarbonate

text: . Sodium loss is low and mainly takes place through the skin in freshwater conditions. In seawater, the opposite is true. The osmolality in the plasma is lower than the surrounding water, which is dehydrating for the animal. The cloacal urine is much more concentrated, white, and opaque, with the nitrogenous waste being mostly excreted as insoluble

text: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory system: kidneys and excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do crocodilians have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: insoluble uric acid

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ammonium bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: crocodilians

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine in the cloaca is abundant and dilute,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder. In fresh water,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nitrogenous waste being mostly excreted as insoluble uric acid.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmotic pressure)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Sodium loss

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Sodium loss is low and mainly takes place through the skin

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Sodium loss

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: well-hydrated,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: insoluble uric acid.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: crocodilians do not have a bladder. In fresh water,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ammonium bicarbonate.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Sodium loss

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Ontologically, an idiolect is construed as a (possibly infinite) set of abstract sentences: form-meaning pairs consisting, in the case of a spoken rather than a written or signed idiolect, of a structured phonetic sound sequence and a meaning of this sequence. For each idiolect in a language, there is a system (idiolect system) that specifies which form-meaning pairs are elements of the idiolect. Every idiolect system consists of (technically: is an n-tuple whose components are) a phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexico-semantic, and sentence-semantic part; and each part determines a different type of properties that the form-meaning pairs must have in order to belong to the idiolect. In written idiolect systems, the phonetic and phonological parts are replaced by a graphetic and a graphematic part, in signed idiolect systems by a cheremic and a cherematic part. (There may be other components in addition to the ones listed above; the precise structure of idiolect systems is a matter of ongoing research.) The parts of an idiolect system are grouped into the sound system (script system, chereme system), the morpho-syntactic (or grammatical) subsystem, and the semantic subsystem of the idiolect system. (There is no pragmatic part or subsystem – 'pragmatic' properties of form-meaning pairs, as far as they are determined by the idiolect system itself, are covered by the semantic subsystem, or else indirectly by the idiolect's place in the variety structure.) Finally, a system for a language (or language variety) is a construct of properties shared by every system of every idiolect in the language (or language variety). Idiolects, varieties, languages, and their systems are all construed as extramental and abstract.

text: Ontologically, an idiolect is construed as a (possibly infinite) set of abstract

text: sentences

text: : form-meaning pairs consisting, in the case of a spoken rather than a written or signed idiolect, of a structured phonetic sound

text: sequence

text: and a meaning of this sequence. For each idiolect in a language, there is a system (idiolect system) that specifies which form-meaning pairs are elements of the idiolect. Every idiolect system consists of (technically: is an n-

text: tuple

text: whose components are) a phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexico-semantic, and sentence-semantic part; and each part determines a different type of properties that the form-meaning pairs must have in order to belong to the idiolect. In written idiolect systems, the

text: phonetic

text: and

text: phonological

text: parts are replaced by a

text: graphetic

text: and a

text: graphematic

text: part, in signed idiolect systems by a cheremic and a cherematic part. (There may be other components in addition to the ones listed above; the precise structure of idiolect systems is a matter of ongoing research.) The parts of an idiolect system are grouped into the sound system (script system, chereme system), the morpho-syntactic (or grammatical) subsystem, and the semantic subsystem of the idiolect system. (There is no

text: pragmatic

text: part or subsystem – 'pragmatic' properties of form-meaning pairs, as far as they are determined by the idiolect system itself, are covered by the semantic subsystem, or else indirectly by the idiolect's place in the variety structure.) Finally, a system for a language (or language variety) is a construct of properties shared by every system of every idiolect in the language (or language variety). Idiolects, varieties, languages, and their systems are all construed as extramental and

text: abstract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: morphological

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: morphological

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: you need both kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: morphological subsystem

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: morphological

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: sentence-semantic

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: syntactic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: sound system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: sound system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: sound system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pragmatic

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sound system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: sound system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: a cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: idiolect system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: sound system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pragmatic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sound system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: pragmatic part or subsystem – 'pragmatic'

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: a cheremic and a cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: no pragmatic part or subsystem

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: a cheremic and a cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cherematic part.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: pragmatic part

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cheremic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: sound system

text: Psilocybin is metabolized mostly in the liver. As it becomes converted to psilocin, it undergoes a first-pass effect, whereby its concentration is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. Psilocin is broken down by the enzyme monoamine oxidase to produce several metabolites that can circulate in the blood plasma, including 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetaldehyde, 4-hydroxytryptophol, and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. Some psilocin is not broken down by enzymes and instead forms a glucuronide; this is a biochemical mechanism animals use to eliminate toxic substances by linking them with glucuronic acid, which can then be excreted in the urine. Psilocin is glucuronated by the glucuronosyltransferase enzymes UGT1A9 in the liver, and by UGT1A10 in the small intestine. Based on studies using animals, about 50% of ingested psilocybin is absorbed through the stomach and intestine. Within 24 hours, about 65% of the absorbed psilocybin is excreted into the urine, and a further 15–20% is excreted in the bile and feces. Although most of the remaining drug is eliminated in this way within 8 hours, it is still detectable in the urine after 7 days. Clinical studies show that psilocin concentrations in the plasma of adults average about 8 µg/liter within 2 hours after ingestion of a single 15 mg oral psilocybin dose; psychological effects occur with a blood plasma concentration of 4–6 µg/liter. Psilocybin is about 100 times less potent than LSD on a weight per weight basis, and the physiological effects last about half as long.

text: Psilocybin is metabolized mostly in the

text: liver

text: . As it becomes converted to psilocin, it undergoes a

text: first-pass effect

text: , whereby its concentration is greatly reduced before it reaches the

text: systemic circulation

text: . Psilocin is broken down by the enzyme

text: monoamine oxidase

text: to produce several

text: metabolite

text: s that can circulate in the blood plasma, including 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetaldehyde, 4-hydroxytryptophol, and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. Some psilocin is not broken down by enzymes and instead forms a

text: glucuronide

text: ; this is a biochemical mechanism animals use to eliminate toxic substances by linking them with

text: glucuronic acid

text: , which can then be excreted in the urine. Psilocin is glucuronated by the

text: glucuronosyltransferase

text: enzymes

text: in the liver, and by

text: in the small intestine. Based on

text: studies using animals

text: , about 50% of ingested psilocybin is absorbed through the stomach and intestine. Within 24 hours, about 65% of the absorbed psilocybin is

text: excreted

text: into the urine, and a further 15–20% is excreted in the

text: bile

text: and feces. Although most of the remaining drug is eliminated in this way within 8 hours, it is still detectable in the urine after 7 days. Clinical studies show that psilocin concentrations in the plasma of adults average about 8 µg/liter within 2 hours after ingestion of a single 15 mg oral psilocybin dose; psychological effects occur with a blood plasma concentration of 4–6 µg/liter. Psilocybin is about 100 times less potent than LSD on a weight per weight basis, and the physiological effects last about half as long.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How is psilocybin excreted?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: How is psilocybin excreted?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete in the urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, bile, or feces?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronic acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: first-pass effect

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the urine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: 24 hours,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: stomach and intestine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted into the urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bile and feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 50%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: stomach and intestine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 65%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 65% of the absorbed psilocybin

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: animals,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted into the urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 65% of the absorbed psilocybin

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glucuronide;

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronide;

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: LSD

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: intestine.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine,

text: The term human biocomputer, coined by John C. Lilly, refers to the "hardware" of the human anatomy. This would include the brain, internal organs, and other human organ systems such as cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, immune, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary systems. The biocomputer has stored program properties, and self-metaprogramming properties, with limits determinable and to be determined.

text: The term human biocomputer, coined by

text: John C. Lilly

text: , refers to the "hardware" of the

text: human anatomy

text: . This would include the

text: brain

text: internal organs

text: , and other human organ systems such as

text: cardiovascular

text: digestive

text: endocrine

text: immune

text: integumentary

text: lymphatic

text: muscular

text: nervous

text: reproductive

text: respiratory

text: skeletal

text: , and

text: urinary

text: systems. The biocomputer has stored program properties, and self-metaprogramming properties, with limits determinable and to be determined.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urinary systems

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory, skeletal, and urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lymphatic,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: skeletal,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The term human biocomputer, coined by John C. Lilly,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lymphatic,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary systems.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The term human biocomputer, coined by John C. Lilly,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: endocrine, immune, integumentary, lymphatic,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: endocrine, immune, integumentary, lymphatic,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: immune,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: muscular,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: lymphatic,

text: On World Kidney Day, the foundation sponsors KEEP Healthy screenings around the United States. NKF holds hundreds of kidney-health screenings throughout the year to identify individuals who are at risk for chronic kidney disease.

text: On

text: World Kidney Day

text: , the foundation sponsors KEEP Healthy screenings around the United States. NKF holds hundreds of kidney-health screenings throughout the year to identify individuals who are at risk for chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (b).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: to identify individuals who are at risk

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: the bladder, the kidneys or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: KEEP Healthy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: KEEP Healthy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: KEEP Healthy screenings around the United States.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: On World Kidney Day,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: World Kidney Day,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: World Kidney Day,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: World Kidney Day,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: World Kidney Day,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: World Kidney Day,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: World Kidney Day,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: KEEP Healthy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Meiere is an inherited Indo-European word. It relates to Sanskrit mehati, "urinates", Persian mīz, "urine"; Lithuanian myža, "he/she urinates", Greek ὀμείχειν (omeikhein), "to urinate", which, taken together, point to an Indo-European *h3meiģh-. This IE root with a palatal ģh was formerly mixed up (e. g. in Pokorny's IEW) with another one with velar *gh meaning "mist" (Russian mgla), hence erroneous tentative overall translations like "to sprinkle" or "to wet" which still turn up sometimes.

text: Meiere is an inherited Indo-European word. It relates to Sanskrit mehati, "urinates", Persian mīz, "urine"; Lithuanian myža, "he/she urinates", Greek ὀμείχειν (omeikhein), "to urinate", which, taken together, point to an Indo-European *h3meiģh-. This IE root with a palatal ģh was formerly mixed up (e. g. in Pokorny's IEW) with another one with velar *gh meaning "mist" (Russian mgla), hence erroneous tentative overall translations like "to sprinkle" or "to wet" which still turn up sometimes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the large intestine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: meiosis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: mehati

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: How would you describe Meiere?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: mehati

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: mehati

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: more than a million

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: mehati

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: meiere

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mei h

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: meiosis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: mei

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: omeikhein

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: "urinates", Persian m<unk>z, "urine";

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: "urinates", Persian m<unk>z, "urine";

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: "urinates", Persian m<unk>z, "urine";

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: "urinates", Persian m<unk>z, "urine";

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: "urinates", Persian m<unk>z, "urine";

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: "urinates",

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: "mist"

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Indo-European *h3mei<unk>h-.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: "urinates", Persian m<unk>z, "urine";

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: "urinates",

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: "urinates", Persian m<unk>z, "urine";

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: palatal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Meiere

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: "urine";

text: Many urine tests (urinalysis) monitor the amount of urobilin in urine, as its levels can give insight on the effectiveness of urinary tract function. Normally, urine would appear as either light yellow urine or colorless. A lack of water intake, for example following sleep or dehydration, reduces the water content of urine, thereby concentrating urobilin and producing a darker color of urine. Obstructive jaundice reduces biliary bilirubin excretion, which is then excreted directly from the blood stream into the urine, giving a dark-colored urine but with a paradoxically low urobilin concentration, no urobilinogen, and usually with correspondingly pale faeces.  Darker urine also results due to other chemicals, such as various ingested dietary components or drugs, porphyrins in porphyria, and homogentisate in patients with alcaptonuria.

text: Many urine tests (urinalysis) monitor the amount of urobilin in urine, as its levels can give insight on the effectiveness of urinary tract function. Normally, urine would appear as either light yellow urine or colorless. A lack of water intake, for example following sleep or dehydration, reduces the water content of urine, thereby concentrating urobilin and producing a darker color of urine.

text: Obstructive jaundice

text: reduces biliary bilirubin excretion, which is then excreted directly from the blood stream into the urine, giving a dark-colored urine but with a paradoxically low urobilin concentration, no urobilinogen, and usually with correspondingly pale faeces.  Darker urine also results due to other chemicals, such as various ingested dietary components or drugs,

text: porphyrins

text: in

text: porphyria

text: , and

text: homogentisate

text: in patients with

text: alcaptonuria

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water intake

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: alcaptonuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: biliary bilirubin excretion,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: biliary bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: biliary bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Normally, urine would appear as either light yellow urine or colorless.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract function.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted directly from the blood stream into the urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: light yellow urine or colorless.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: light yellow urine or colorless.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sleep

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: biliary bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: biliary bilirubin excretion,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: (urinalysis) monitor the amount of urobilin

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: concentrating urobilin and producing a darker color of urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Obstructive jaundice

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Obstructive jaundice

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: alcaptonuria.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (urinalysis)

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: biliary

text: There are myriad factors that affect health disparities between racial groups. Among these factors are genetic differences within racial populations, cultural mores, and social and environmental factors. For instance, in some populations where perceptions of race are linked with socioeconomic disparities and differences, the access to care can be considerably lesser. Dually, bias in healthcare systems themselves can perpetuate non-biologically founded higher instances of disease. For instance, in a study conducted by the National Health Service checks programme in the United Kingdom, which aims to increase diagnosis across demographics, "due to the reported lower screening in specific black and minority ethnic communities [-] who are recognised as being more at risk of cardiovascular disease [-] there are concerns that NHS Health Checks may increase inequalities in health." In this specific case, the structure of services intended to treat and diagnose, these lower levels of attention to certain demographics can be seen as a cause of increased instances of disease from this lack of proper, equal preventative care. One must consider these external factors in evaluating statistics on the prevalence of disease in populations, as, though genetic components can be at play in terms of predispositions to contracting some illnesses, these linkages should be more closely evaluated than by ethnicity. Overall, health disparities, which include variations in life expectancy and prevalence of disease, due to the differences in health conditions across various ethnic populations that can be attributed to inequalities in living environment and access to healthcare may also play a role.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does waste enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treat and diagnose

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: what is one function of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: NHS Health Checks

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: myriad factors that affect health disparities between racial groups.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: non-biologically

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treat and diagnose,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: myriad factors that affect health disparities between racial groups.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: myriad factors that affect health disparities between racial groups.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: myriad factors that affect health disparities between racial groups.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: myriad factors that affect health disparities between racial groups.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: non-biologically founded higher instances of disease.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: lack of proper, equal preventative care.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: genetic differences within racial populations,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cardiovascular disease

text: Metabolic wastes or excretes are substances left over from metabolic processes (such as cellular respiration), which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or toxic), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO, phosphates, sulfates, etc. Animals treat these compounds as excretes. Plants have chemical "machinery" which transforms some of them (primarily the nitrogen compounds) into useful substances, and it has been shown by Brian J. Ford that abscissa leaves also carry wastes away from the parent plant. In this way, Ford argues that the shed leaf acts as an excretory (an organ carrying away excretory products).

text: Metabolic wastes or excretes are

text: substance

text: s left over from

text: metabolic

text: processes (such as

text: cellular respiration

text: ), which cannot be used by the

text: organism

text: (they are surplus or

text: toxic

text: ), and must therefore be

text: excreted

text: . This includes

text: nitrogen

text: compounds,

text: water

text: CO

text: phosphate

text: s,

text: sulfate

text: s, etc.

text: Animal

text: s treat these compounds as excretes.

text: Plant

text: s have

text: chemical

text: "machinery" which transforms some of them (primarily the nitrogen compounds) into useful substances, and it has been shown by

text: Brian J. Ford

text: that

text: abscissa

text: leaves also carry wastes away from the parent plant. In this way, Ford argues that the shed leaf acts as an excretory (an organ carrying away excretory products).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretes are substances left over from metabolic processes

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the shed leaf, abscissa leaves, or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: kidneys or abscissa leaves?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: leaf

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does Ford argues that the shed leaf acts as?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphates

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sulfates

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cellular respiration),

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: shed leaf acts as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: transforms some of them (primarily the nitrogen compounds) into useful substances,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: shed leaf

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: shed leaf

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: toxic), and must therefore be excreted.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Metabolic wastes or excretes

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: shed leaf acts as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphates,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Plants have chemical "machinery"

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in the bodies of many animals, including humans. It is expelled from the kidneys and flows through the ureters to the urinary bladder, from which it is soon excreted from the body through the urethra during urination.

text: Urine is a

text: liquid

text: by-product of

text: metabolism

text: in the bodies of many

text: animal

text: s, including humans. It is expelled from the

text: kidney

text: s and flows through the

text: ureter

text: s to the

text: urinary bladder

text: , from which it is soon

text: excreted

text: from the body through the

text: urethra

text: during

text: urination

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted from the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It is expelled from the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: expelled

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: expelled from the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It is expelled from the kidneys and flows through the ureters

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted from the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ureters to the urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: It is expelled from the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: It is expelled

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: It is expelled from the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The excretory system consists of two nephridia, which connect to the pericardial cavity around the heart, and remove excreta through a pore that opens near the rear of the mantle cavity. The single gonad is located in front of the heart, and releases gametes through a pair of pores just in front of those used for excretion.

text: The excretory system consists of two

text: nephridia

text: , which connect to the

text: pericardial cavity

text: around the heart, and remove excreta through a pore that opens near the rear of the mantle cavity. The single

text: gonad

text: is located in front of the heart, and releases gametes through a pair of pores just in front of those used for excretion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pore

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: a pore

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove excreta

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gonad

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove excreta

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pericardial cavity

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hematology

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: two nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: a pore that opens near the rear of the mantle cavity.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: two nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: gametes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excreta

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove excreta

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: remove excreta

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: two nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gonad

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The excretory

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: pore

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: two nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove excreta

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: remove excreta

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system consists of two nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: two nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gonad

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excreta

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: gonad

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridia,

text: There is much discussion about the extent to which the volume of these additional funds creates multiple effects that impact – positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases and also on health systems themselves. Assessing the impact of GHIs on specific diseases and health systems is also notoriously difficult, not least because of the problem of attributing particular effects to individual GHIs. A common response in evaluations of GHIs, therefore, is to acknowledge the inherent limitations of establishing causal chains in what is a highly complex public health environment, and to base conclusions on adequacy statements resulting from trends that demonstrate substantial growth in process and impact indicators.

text: There is much discussion about the extent to which the volume of these additional funds creates multiple effects that impact – positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases and also on health systems themselves. Assessing the impact of GHIs on specific diseases and health systems is also notoriously difficult, not least because of the problem of attributing particular effects to individual GHIs. A common response in evaluations of GHIs, therefore, is to acknowledge the inherent limitations of establishing causal chains in what is a highly complex public health environment, and to base conclusions on adequacy statements resulting from trends that demonstrate substantial growth in process and impact indicators.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: impact – positively and negatively

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: what is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: GHIs

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GHIs

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: problem of attributing particular effects to individual GHIs.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: limitations of establishing causal chains

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: a highly complex public health environment,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: inherent limitations of establishing causal chains

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Assessing the impact of GHIs

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: acknowledge the inherent limitations of establishing causal chains

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Assessing the impact of GHIs

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: There is much discussion about the extent to which the volume of these additional funds

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: funds

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: attributing particular effects to individual GHIs.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: funds

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: positively and negatively – on health outcomes

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: causal chains

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: funds

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: positively and negatively – on health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: problem of attributing particular effects to individual GHIs.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: health outcomes for specific diseases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: diseases

text: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems, although there are several common file systems which almost all operating systems include support and drivers for. Operating systems vary on file system support and on the disk formats they may be installed on. Under Windows, each file system is usually limited in application to certain media; for example, CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on.  It is possible to install Linux onto many types of file systems. Unlike other operating systems, Linux and UNIX allow any file system to be used regardless of the media it is stored in, whether it is a hard drive, a disc (CD, DVD...), a USB flash drive, or even contained within a file located on another file system.

text: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems, although there are several common file systems which almost all operating systems include support and drivers for. Operating systems vary on file system support and on the disk formats they may be installed on. Under Windows, each file system is usually limited in application to certain media; for example, CDs must use

text: ISO 9660

text: or

text: UDF

text: , and as of

text: Windows Vista

text: NTFS

text: is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on.  It is possible to install Linux onto many types of file systems. Unlike other operating systems, Linux and UNIX allow any file system to be used regardless of the media it is stored in, whether it is a hard drive, a disc (CD, DVD...), a USB flash drive, or even contained within a file located on another file system.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood pressure within a normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water and salts

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: UDF

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: UDF

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: file systems

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Linux onto many types of file systems.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: file systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: USB flash drive,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Linux onto many types of file systems.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Support for file systems is highly varied among modern operating systems,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Linux

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Support for file systems

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: file systems

text: The National Kidney Foundation, Inc. (NKF) is a major voluntary health organization in the United States, headquartered in New York City with over 30 local offices across the country.  Its mission is to prevent kidney and urinary tract diseases, improve the health and well-being of individuals and families affected by these diseases, and increase the availability of all organs for transplantation.

text: The National Kidney Foundation, Inc. (NKF) is a major voluntary health organization in the

text: United States

text: , headquartered in

text: New York City

text: with over 30 local offices across the country.  Its mission is to prevent

text: kidney

text: and

text: urinary tract

text: diseases, improve the health and well-being of individuals and families affected by these diseases, and increase the availability of all organs for

text: transplantation

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the N in "NKF" stand for?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the NKF?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney and urinary tract diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal vein

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The National Kidney Foundation, Inc. (NKF)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: improve the health and well-being

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney and urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney and urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney and urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney and urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The National Kidney Foundation,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: increase the availability of all organs for transplantation.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: all organs for transplantation.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney and urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: organs for transplantation.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney and urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney and urinary tract diseases,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: transplantation.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: increase the availability of all organs for transplantation.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: organs for transplantation.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: transplantation.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney and urinary tract

text: Another cause of severe water retention is kidney failure, where the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluid out of the blood and turn it into urine. Kidney disease often starts with inflammation, for instance in the case of diseases such as nephrotic syndrome or lupus. Once again, this type of water retention is usually visible in the form of swollen legs and ankles.

text: Another cause of severe water retention is

text: kidney failure

text: , where the

text: kidneys

text: are no longer able to filter fluid out of the

text: blood

text: and turn it into

text: urine

text: Kidney disease

text: often starts with

text: inflammation

text: , for instance in the case of diseases such as

text: nephrotic syndrome

text: or

text: lupus

text: . Once again, this type of water retention is usually visible in the form of swollen

text: leg

text: s and

text: ankle

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: turn it into urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (d).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: none

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: turn it into urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrotic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney failure, where the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: inflammation,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water retention is kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter fluid out of the blood and turn it into urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: filter fluid out of the blood and turn it into urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney failure, where the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephrotic syndrome

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluid out of the blood

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter fluid out of the blood and turn it into urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluid out of the blood

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the kidneys are no longer able to filter fluid out of the blood

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrotic

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney failure, where the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrotic syndrome or lupus.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney failure, where the kidneys

text: NSAIDs are also associated with a fairly high incidence of renal adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The mechanism of these renal ADRs is due to changes in renal haemodynamics (kidney blood flow), ordinarily mediated by prostaglandins, which are affected by NSAIDs. Prostaglandins normally cause vasodilation of the afferent arterioles of the glomeruli. This helps maintain normal glomerular perfusion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an indicator of renal function. This is particularly important in renal failure where the kidney is trying to maintain renal perfusion pressure by elevated angiotensin II levels. At these elevated levels, angiotensin II also constricts the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus in addition to the efferent arteriole it normally constricts. Prostaglandins serve to dilate the afferent arteriole; by blocking this prostaglandin-mediated effect, particularly in renal failure, NSAIDs cause unopposed constriction of the afferent arteriole and decreased RPF (renal perfusion pressure).

text: NSAIDs are also associated with a fairly high incidence of renal adverse drug reactions (

text: ADRs

text: ). The mechanism of these renal ADRs is due to changes in renal haemodynamics (kidney blood flow), ordinarily mediated by prostaglandins, which are affected by NSAIDs. Prostaglandins normally cause vasodilation of the

text: afferent arteriole

text: s of the

text: glomeruli

text: . This helps maintain normal glomerular perfusion and

text: glomerular filtration rate

text: (GFR), an indicator of

text: renal function

text: . This is particularly important in renal failure where the kidney is trying to maintain renal perfusion pressure by elevated angiotensin II levels. At these elevated levels, angiotensin II also constricts the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus in addition to the efferent arteriole it normally constricts. Prostaglandins serve to dilate the afferent arteriole; by blocking this prostaglandin-mediated effect, particularly in renal failure, NSAIDs cause unopposed constriction of the afferent arteriole and decreased RPF (renal perfusion pressure).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney: glomeruli, ureter, or glomerulus?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: elevated angiotensin II levels

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: elevated angiotensin II levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: NSAIDs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: afferent arterioles of the glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: afferent arterioles of the glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: normal glomerular perfusion and glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: (kidney blood flow),

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: glomerular perfusion and glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: NSAIDs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: afferent arterioles of the glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: elevated angiotensin II levels.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: elevated angiotensin II levels.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: NSAIDs

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In many marine nematodes, one or two unicellular 'renette glands' excrete salt through a pore on the underside of the animal, close to the pharynx. In most other nematodes, these specialised cells have been replaced by an organ consisting of two parallel ducts connected by a single transverse duct. This transverse duct opens into a common canal that runs to the excretory pore.

text: In many marine nematodes, one or two unicellular '

text: renette gland

text: s' excrete salt through a pore on the underside of the animal, close to the pharynx. In most other nematodes, these specialised cells have been replaced by an organ consisting of two parallel ducts connected by a single transverse duct. This transverse duct opens into a common canal that runs to the excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pharynx

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: transverse duct

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: transverse duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pharynx

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: common canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: parallel ducts

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: pharynx

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renette glands

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renette glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: transverse duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: pharynx

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pharynx.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: a single transverse duct.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: pharynx.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: two parallel ducts

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pharynx.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: In many marine nematodes,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a single transverse duct.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: In many marine nematodes,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: transverse duct.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pharynx.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: In many marine nematodes,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: transverse duct.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory pore.

text: The kidneys are supposed to filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. When they are not performing this task the patient is suffering from kidney disease. The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases affecting the kidney is called nephrology, from the Ancient Greek name for kidney.	Doctors would test urine using a visual examination. If the urine was red and/or foamy the patient was suffering from kidney disease.

text: The kidneys are supposed to filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. When they are not performing this task the patient is suffering from

text: kidney disease

text: . The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases affecting the kidney is called nephrology, from the Ancient Greek name for kidney.	Doctors would test urine using a visual examination. If the urine was red and/or foamy the patient was suffering from kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the air we breathe.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a waste material: urea, blood, or water?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys are supposed to filter wastes

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea)

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: wastes (especially urea) from the blood

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephrology,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete them,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: filter wastes

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephrology,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrology,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephrology,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: filter wastes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: red and/or foamy the patient was suffering from kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephrology,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: In almost every segment is a pair of excretory organs called nephridia, which are derived from coelom tissue. Each consists of a small pouch that is connected, via a flagellated conductor called a nephridioduct, to an opening at the base of the nearest leg known as a nephridiopore. The pouch is occupied by special cells called podocytes, which facilitate ultrafiltration of the blood through the partition between haemocoelom and nephridium. The composition of the urinary solution is modified in the nephridioduct by selective recovery of nutrients and water and by isolation of poison and waste materials, before it is excreted to the outside world via the nephridiopore. The most important nitrogenous excretion product is the water-insoluble uric acid; this can be excreted in solid state, with very little water. This so-called uricotelic excretory mode represents an adjustment to life on land and the associated necessity of dealing economically with water. A pair of former nephridia in the head were converted secondarily into the salivary glands, while another pair in the final segment of male specimens now serve as glands that apparently play a role in reproduction.

text: In almost every segment is a pair of excretory organs called nephridia, which are derived from coelom tissue. Each consists of a small pouch that is connected, via a

text: flagellated

text: conductor called a nephridioduct, to an opening at the base of the nearest leg known as a nephridiopore. The pouch is occupied by special cells called

text: podocyte

text: s, which facilitate

text: ultrafiltration

text: of the blood through the partition between haemocoelom and nephridium. The composition of the

text: urinary

text: solution is modified in the nephridioduct by selective recovery of nutrients and water and by isolation of poison and waste materials, before it is excreted to the outside world via the nephridiopore. The most important nitrogenous excretion product is the water-insoluble

text: uric acid

text: ; this can be excreted in solid state, with very little water. This so-called

text: uricotelic

text: excretory mode represents an adjustment to life on land and the associated necessity of dealing economically with water. A pair of former nephridia in the head were converted secondarily into the salivary glands, while another pair in the final segment of male specimens now serve as glands that apparently play a role in reproduction.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not a type of excretory organ?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridioduct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproduction

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: salivary glands

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridioduct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flagellated conductor

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: selective recovery of nutrients and water and by isolation of poison and waste materials

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: water-insoluble uric acid

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: what is the most important nitrogenous excretion product

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridioduct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: salivary glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridioduct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs called nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridioduct,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: podocytes,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridioduct,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water-insoluble uric acid;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: selective recovery of nutrients and water and by isolation of poison and waste materials,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproduction.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: podocytes, which facilitate ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: ultrafiltration of the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: ultrafiltration of the blood

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary solution is modified in the nephridioduct

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: salivary glands,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridioduct,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridioduct,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: selective recovery of nutrients and water and by isolation of poison and waste materials,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: water-insoluble uric acid;

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephridioduct

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridioduct,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: podocytes,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: salivary glands,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid;

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ultrafiltration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridioduct,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridia,

text: Early in her career, Callan was a staff anesthesiologist at St. Francis Hospital in Hartford, Connecticut, from 1972 to 1975. She later worked for the state of Connecticut, as medical director of the Department of Income Maintenance, where she administered medical aspects of Connecticut's Medicaid program, from 1978 to 1984. She was director of medical affairs for Abbott Laboratories from 1985 to 1992, where she did critical research on new anesthesia products. The team she led completed the global development of a new drug within two years, and their work included innovative research on kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ. Before joining the staff of the AMA in 1999, Callan was vice president of Abbott's Hospital Products Division.

text: Early in her career, Callan was a staff anesthesiologist at

text: St. Francis Hospital

text: in

text: Hartford, Connecticut

text: , from 1972 to 1975. She later worked for the state of Connecticut, as medical director of the Department of Income Maintenance, where she administered medical aspects of Connecticut's

text: Medicaid

text: program, from 1978 to 1984. She was director of medical affairs for

text: Abbott Laboratories

text: from 1985 to 1992, where she did critical research on new anesthesia products. The team she led completed the global development of a new drug within two years, and their work included innovative research on kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ. Before joining the staff of the AMA in 1999, Callan was vice president of Abbott's Hospital Products Division.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney is an excretory organ

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a metabolic as well as an excretory organ?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the kidney do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: What does the kidney do?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: metabolic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory organ

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: anesthesiology

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organ.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory organ.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: anesthesiologist

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney is a metabolic as well as an excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney function that led to the conclusion that the kidney

text: Adineta ricciae is a microscopic invertebrate that can grow to a length of about . It has a retractable head with two pigmented, front-facing eyes, a mouth aperture and a corona of cilia. The bands of cilia are used in locomotion with two separate groups twirling in opposite directions. The body is slightly broader than the head and is cylindrical and contains the internal organs. It has muscles, a large stomach and short intestine, a cloaca, an excretory system, nerve ganglia, organs sensitive to touch and a pair of ovaries. At the posterior end is a foot with foot glands, short triangular spurs and three toes. The whole is enclosed in a flexible, transparent cuticle.

text: Adineta ricciae is a microscopic invertebrate that can grow to a length of about . It has a retractable head with two pigmented, front-facing eyes, a mouth aperture and a corona of

text: cilia

text: . The bands of cilia are used in locomotion with two separate groups twirling in opposite directions. The body is slightly broader than the head and is cylindrical and contains the internal organs. It has muscles, a large stomach and short intestine, a

text: cloaca

text: , an

text: excretory system

text: , nerve

text: ganglia

text: , organs sensitive to touch and a pair of

text: ovaries

text: . At the posterior end is a foot with foot glands, short triangular spurs and three toes. The whole is enclosed in a flexible, transparent

text: cuticle

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the excretory system: large intestine, short intestine, a cloaca, or foot glands?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which is not true about Adineta ricciae?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nephron?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ovaries.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: cilia.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The bands of cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Adineta ricciae

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cloaca,

text: The DaVita Kidney Rock is a 5K run walk event that raises awareness of chronic kidney disease and funds in support of this cause. The 2011 DaVita Kidney Rock was held in Denver’s City Park and featured complimentary kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney TRUST; a health fair; and games and prizes in the Kids Zone.

text: The DaVita Kidney Rock is a

text: 5K run walk

text: event that raises awareness of chronic kidney disease and funds in support of this cause. The 2011 DaVita Kidney Rock was held in

text: Denver’s City Park

text: and featured complimentary kidney disease screenings for participants by

text: The Kidney TRUST

text: ; a health fair; and games and prizes in the Kids Zone.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the DaVita Kidney Rock?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: raises awareness

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The Kidney TRUST

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Kidney TRUST

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the Kidney TRUST

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: raises awareness

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system: bladder, kidney, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney TRUST

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney TRUST;

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney TRUST;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The DaVita Kidney Rock

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney TRUST;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The DaVita Kidney Rock

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: 5K

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney TRUST;

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney TRUST;

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: DaVita Kidney Rock

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney TRUST;

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease screenings

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease screenings for participants by The Kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney disease

text: According to Moreno (1996) and her quotes from Huey an Olympic athlete trainer, the benefits of water resistance training include the activation of opposing muscle groups for a balanced workout. The push and pull of the water allows both increased muscle training and a built-in safety barrier for joints. In fact, before water aerobics water, injury therapy used the benefits of water. The water also helps to reduce lactic acid buildup. Another obvious benefit to water exercise is the cooling effect of the water on the system. The average temperature around 78 degrees in a group fitness pool, this temperature will force the body to burn calories to stay at homeostasis while also maintaining a cool, comfortable atmosphere with less sweat noticeable to the participant.

text: According to Moreno (1996) and her quotes from Huey an Olympic athlete trainer, the benefits of water resistance training include the activation of opposing muscle groups for a balanced workout. The push and pull of the water allows both increased muscle training and a built-in safety barrier for joints. In fact, before water aerobics water, injury therapy used the benefits of water. The water also helps to reduce lactic acid buildup. Another obvious benefit to water exercise is the cooling effect of the water on the system. The average temperature around 78 degrees in a group fitness pool, this temperature will force the body to burn calories to stay at homeostasis while also maintaining a cool, comfortable atmosphere with less sweat noticeable to the participant.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: lactic acid

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit to water exercise?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lactic acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: water aerobics

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: joints.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: (1996)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 78 degrees in a group fitness pool,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The push and pull

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The water also helps to reduce lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: burn calories

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: joints.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: lactic acid buildup.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: lactic acid

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lactic acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: injury therapy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: joints.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: joints.

text: When healthy, the kidneys are responsible for the continuous filtration of blood in order to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and organic solute balance in the body.  However, when the kidneys are damaged, they are no longer able to do this. Dialysis, used in end stage renal disease (also referred to as renal failure, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure), it is a process where a machine filters the blood since the kidneys are no longer able to. In addition to the inability to filter blood, renal failure results in the body’s inability to make some vitamins and minerals (example: vitamin D), as well as difficulty excreting excessive amounts of certain vitamins and minerals (example: phosphorus).

text: When healthy, the

text: kidney

text: s are responsible for the continuous filtration of blood in order to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and organic solute balance in the body.  However, when the kidneys are damaged, they are no longer able to do this.

text: Dialysis

text: , used in end stage renal disease (also referred to as

text: renal failure

text: chronic kidney disease

text: , and

text: kidney failure

text: ), it is a process where a machine filters the blood since the kidneys are no longer able to. In addition to the inability to filter blood, renal failure results in the body’s inability to make some

text: vitamins

text: and minerals (example: vitamin D), as well as difficulty excreting excessive amounts of certain vitamins and minerals (example: phosphorus).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are responsible for the continuous filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands in the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a result of kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fluid and solute balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filters the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: machine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water filtered out of the blood by nephrons

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: continuous filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: inability to filter blood

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphorus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fluid, electrolyte, and organic solute balance in the body.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filters the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: When healthy, the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: continuous filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphorus).

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Due to health problems (chronic kidney disease) he was forced to retire from competitions in 2008. On 25 October 2008, a kidney transplantation was carried out successfully.

text: Due to health problems (

text: chronic kidney disease

text: ) he was forced to retire from competitions in 2008. On 25 October 2008, a

text: kidney transplantation

text: was carried out successfully.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: transplantation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: (chronic kidney disease) he was forced to retire from competitions

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease) he was forced to retire from competitions

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: a kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: (chronic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (chronic kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease)

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Two functional groups contribute significantly to aminosteroidal neuromuscular blocking potency, it is presumed to enable them to bind the receptor at two points. A bis-quaternary two point arrangement on A and D-ring (binding inter-site) or a D-ring acetylcholine moiety (binding at two points intra-site) are most likely to succeed. A third group can have variable effects. The quaternary and acetyl groups on the A and D ring of pipecuronium prevent it from binding intra-site (binding to two points at the same site). Instead, it must bind as bis-quaternary (inter-site). These structures are very dissimilar from acetylcholine and free pipecuronium from nicotinic or muscarinic side-effects linked to acetylcholine moiety. Also, they protect the molecule from hydrolysis by cholinesterases, which explain its nature of kidney excretion. The four methyl-groups on the quaternary N atoms make it less lipophilic than most aminosteroids. This also affects pipecuroniums metabolism by resisting hepatic uptake, metabolism, and biliary excretion. The length of the molecule (2.1 nm, close to ideal) and its rigidness make pipecuronium the most potent and clean one-bulk bis-quaternary. Even though the N-N distance (1.6 nm) is far away from what is considered ideal, its onium heads are well-exposed, and the quaternary groups help to bring together the onium heads to the anionic centers of the receptors without chirality issues.

text: Two functional groups contribute significantly to

text: aminosteroid

text: al neuromuscular blocking potency, it is presumed to enable them to bind the receptor at two points. A bis-quaternary two point arrangement on A and D-ring (binding inter-site) or a D-ring acetylcholine moiety (binding at two points intra-site) are most likely to succeed. A third group can have variable effects. The quaternary and acetyl groups on the A and D ring of pipecuronium prevent it from binding intra-site (binding to two points at the same site). Instead, it must bind as bis-quaternary (inter-site). These structures are very dissimilar from acetylcholine and free pipecuronium from nicotinic or muscarinic side-effects linked to acetylcholine moiety. Also, they protect the molecule from hydrolysis by cholinesterases, which explain its nature of kidney excretion. The four

text: methyl-groups

text: on the quaternary N atoms make it less lipophilic than most aminosteroids. This also affects pipecuroniums metabolism by resisting hepatic uptake, metabolism, and

text: biliary

text: excretion. The length of the molecule (2.1 nm, close to ideal) and its rigidness make pipecuronium the most potent and clean one-bulk bis-quaternary. Even though the N-N distance (1.6 nm) is far away from what is considered ideal, its onium heads are well-exposed, and the quaternary groups help to bring together the onium heads to the anionic centers of the receptors without chirality issues.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney excrete wastes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cholinesterases

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many points at the same site are most likely to succeed?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: quaternary

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cholinesterase

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: cholinesterases

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the third group can have variable effects?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: choline

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: neuromuscular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: quaternary N atoms make it less lipophilic

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: onium heads

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: cholinesterases,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney excretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cholinesterases,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney excretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hepatic uptake,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney excretion.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney excretion.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: pipecuroniums

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney excretion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hydrolysis by cholinesterases,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney excretion.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: N-N distance

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: biliary excretion.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: pipecuronium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: onium heads are well-exposed,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: neuromuscular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals, citing concerns about health and safety, which have been debunked by scientists who have studied the devices. Facing opposition to their attempts to have the devices allowed in plumbing codes, manufacturers devised a compromise. The Uniform Plumbing Code was modified to allow waterless urinals to be installed, provided that unneeded water lines were nevertheless run to the back of the urinals. This allows conventional water-flushing urinals to be retrofitted later, if waterless models were judged to be unsatisfactory over time.

text: Plumbers'

text: union

text: s initially opposed waterless urinals, citing concerns about health and safety, which have been debunked by scientists who have studied the devices. Facing opposition to their attempts to have the devices allowed in plumbing codes, manufacturers devised a compromise. The

text: Uniform Plumbing Code

text: was modified to allow waterless urinals to be installed, provided that unneeded water lines were nevertheless run to the back of the urinals. This allows conventional water-flushing urinals to be retrofitted later, if waterless models were judged to be unsatisfactory over time.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flush

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, urinals, or urine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: flushing

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: water-flushing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: water-flushing urinals

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: water lines

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: water-flushing

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: waterless models were judged to be unsatisfactory

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water-flushing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: water-flushing

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unneeded water lines

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: water-flushing

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Plumbers' unions initially opposed waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinals.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: water-flushing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: water lines

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: water-flushing

text: In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia (in ammoniotelics), urea (in ureotelics), uric acid (in uricotelics), guanine (in Arachnida) and creatine. The liver and kidneys clear many substances from the blood (for example, in renal excretion), and the cleared substances are then excreted from the body in the urine and feces.

text: In animals, the main excretory products are

text: carbon dioxide

text: ammonia

text: (in

text: ammoniotelic

text: s),

text: urea

text: (in

text: ureotelic

text: s),

text: uric acid

text: (in

text: uricotelic

text: s),

text: guanine

text: (in

text: Arachnida

text: ) and

text: creatine

text: . The liver and kidneys

text: clear

text: many substances from the

text: blood

text: (for example, in

text: renal excretion

text: ), and the cleared substances are then excreted from the body in the

text: urine

text: and

text: feces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory products are carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not a type of excretory organ?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory product?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: clear many substances from the blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uricotelics

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureotelics

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The liver

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: clear many substances from the blood

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal excretion),

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted from the body in the urine and feces.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: clear many substances from the blood

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine and feces.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureotelics), uric acid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: clear many substances from the blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: clear many substances from the blood

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatine.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal excretion),

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureotelics),

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The size is approximately 280μ long by 5μ to 6μ wide. The cephalic tip is bluntly rounded. The nerve ring (excretory pore) and the nucleus of the excretory cell are said to be similar to B. malayi. Behind the nerve ring it was found that the cells of the nuclear column overtime become less dense. The central viscus (Innenkorper) begin around the middle of the body, the body nuclei are scatter which causes trouble in experiments the reason being that it is difficult to stain. There are four rectal cells ("G" or "R" cells), R is the most prominent of the rectal cells, and it is about four-fifths of the body width. The anal spot is V-shaped. The nucleus is around 3μ in diameter. Females are about 38 to 63 mm long (Schacher, 1962a). This genus of Brugia is most commonly recognized by the spicules in males, which are needle like mating structures that open the vulva of the female worm.

text: The size is approximately 280μ long by 5μ to 6μ wide. The cephalic tip is bluntly rounded. The nerve ring (excretory pore) and the nucleus of the excretory cell are said to be similar to B. malayi. Behind the nerve ring it was found that the cells of the nuclear column overtime become less dense. The central viscus (Innenkorper) begin around the middle of the body, the body nuclei are scatter which causes trouble in experiments the reason being that it is difficult to stain. There are four rectal cells ("G" or "R" cells), R is the most prominent of the rectal cells, and it is about four-fifths of the body width. The anal spot is V-shaped. The nucleus is around 3μ in diameter. Females are about 38 to 63 mm long (Schacher, 1962a). This genus of Brugia is most commonly recognized by the spicules in males, which are needle like mating structures that open the vulva of the female worm.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: central viscus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the most prominent of the rectal cells?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nerve ring

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory cell

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: anal spot

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nerve ring

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the most prominent of the rectal cells?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory cell

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the cells of the nuclear column overtime become less dense

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the most prominent of the rectal cells?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Innenkorper

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: B. malayi.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nerve ring

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The nerve ring (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: female worm.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: B. malayi.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the cells of the nuclear column overtime become less dense.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: B. malayi.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (excretory pore)

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: viscus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: viscus

text: During this time, children, especially girls, show increased awareness of social norms regarding sex, nudity, and privacy. Children may use sexual terms to test adult reaction. "Bathroom humor" (jokes and conversation relating to excretory functions), present in earlier stages, continues.

text: During this time, children, especially girls, show increased awareness of social norms regarding sex, nudity, and privacy. Children may use sexual terms to test adult reaction. "Bathroom humor" (jokes and conversation relating to excretory functions), present in earlier stages, continues.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does "Bathroom humor" refer to?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does "Bathroom humor" refer to?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a function of nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory functions

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sex

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sex, nudity, and privacy.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: increased awareness of social norms

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory functions),

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: "Bathroom humor"

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: After oral administration, abiraterone acetate, the prodrug form in the commercial preparation, is converted into the active form, abiraterone. This conversion is likely to be esterase-mediated and not CYP-mediated. Administration with food increases absorption of the drug and thus has the potential to result in increased and highly variable exposures; the drug should be consumed on an empty stomach at least one hour before or two hours after food. The drug is highly protein bound (>99%), and is metabolised in the liver by CYP3A4 and SULT2A1 to inactive metabolites. The drug is excreted in feces (~88%) and urine (~5%), and has a terminal half-life of 12 ± 5 hours.

text: After oral administration, abiraterone acetate, the prodrug form in the commercial preparation, is converted into the active form, abiraterone. This conversion is likely to be esterase-mediated and not CYP-mediated. Administration with food increases absorption of the drug and thus has the potential to result in increased and highly variable exposures; the drug should be consumed on an empty stomach at least one hour before or two hours after food. The drug is highly

text: protein bound

text: (>99%), and is metabolised in the liver by

text: and

text: to inactive metabolites. The drug is excreted in feces (~88%) and urine (~5%), and has a terminal half-life of 12 ± 5 hours.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine, sweat glands in the skin or feces?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many hours does the drug have?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are correct

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: CYP3A4

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in feces

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in feces

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is excreted in feces ( 88%) and urine ( 5%)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: SULT2A1

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces (<unk>88%) and urine (<unk>5%),

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: feces (<unk>88%) and urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: (>99%),

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: CYP3A4 and SULT2A1

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: CYP3A4 and SULT2A1

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: (>99%),

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine (<unk>5%),

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: metabolised in the liver by CYP3A4

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: feces (<unk>88%) and urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: abiraterone acetate,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: CYP3A4

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: CYP3A4 and SULT2A1

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: CYP3A4 and SULT2A1

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces

text: In addition, poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for heroin consumption.  This is because a unique metabolite (6-monoacetylmorphine) is produced from heroin use that is never produced from consuming any other substance, even other opiates like the ones present in poppy seeds.  Modern tests can thus readily determine whether it was heroin or some other opiate that was ingested, should someone who had used heroin try to claim he or she merely ate poppy seeds. It is widely believed that there is no way to distinguish between poppy seeds and any other kind of opiate. However a study published by the University of Connecticut's Department of Chemistry, proposed that Thebaine could be used as a marker of poppy seed consumption. They examined the urine of test subjects given 11 grams of poppy seeds, the urine of heroin users and clean urine spiked with thebaine, as a reference for GC-MS. They also tested street heroin, 1 morphine tablet and 1 codeine tablet. Urine specimens were screened by EMIT and confirmed for thebaine by GC-MS using a solid-phase extraction method. Only the subjects who had consumed the poppy seeds had thebaine in their urine, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 81 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. Thebaine was not detected in any of the tested powdered drugs (street heroin, morphine tablet, codeine tablet) or the urine of the heroin users.

text: In addition, poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for

text: heroin

text: consumption.  This is because a unique metabolite (

text: ) is produced from heroin use that is never produced from consuming any other substance, even other opiates like the ones present in poppy seeds.  Modern tests can thus readily determine whether it was heroin or some other opiate that was ingested, should someone who had used heroin try to claim he or she merely ate poppy seeds. It is widely believed that there is no way to distinguish between poppy seeds and any other kind of opiate. However a study published by the

text: University of Connecticut

text: 's Department of Chemistry, proposed that

text: Thebaine

text: could be used as a marker of poppy seed consumption. They examined the urine of test subjects given 11 grams of poppy seeds, the urine of

text: heroin

text: users and clean urine spiked with thebaine, as a reference for

text: GC-MS

text: . They also tested street heroin, 1

text: morphine

text: tablet and 1

text: codeine

text: tablet. Urine specimens were screened by EMIT and confirmed for thebaine by GC-MS using a

text: solid-phase extraction method

text: . Only the subjects who had consumed the poppy seeds had thebaine in their urine, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 81 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. Thebaine was not detected in any of the tested powdered drugs (street heroin, morphine tablet, codeine tablet) or the urine of the heroin users.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many grams of poppy seeds did the test subjects consume?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: How does urine move?

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of opiate: heroin, morphine, or codeine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Thebaine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: EMIT

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for heroin consumption.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: heroin

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for heroin consumption.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: poppy seed

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2 to 81 ng/mL

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: GC-MS.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 0.5 ng/mL.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for heroin consumption.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine of test subjects given 11 grams of poppy seeds,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 2 to 81 ng/mL

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: concentrations ranging from 2 to 81 ng/mL

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for heroin consumption.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: poppy seed consumption does not serve as a defense for heroin consumption.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Thebaine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: EMIT

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: A urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT) is a type of dry toilet with urine diversion that can be used to provide safe, affordable sanitation in a variety of contexts worldwide. Through the separate collection of feces (faeces) and urine without any flush water, many advantages can be realized, such as odor-free operation and pathogen reduction by drying. While dried feces and urine harvested from UDDTs can be and routinely are used in agriculture (respectively, as a soil amender and nutrient-rich fertilizer—this practice being known as reuse of excreta in agriculture), many UDDTs installations do not make use of any sort of recovery scheme. The UDDT is an example of a technology that can be used to achieve a sustainable sanitation system. This dry excreta management system (or "dry sanitation" system) is an alternative to pit latrines and flush toilets, especially where water is scarce, a connection to a sewer system and centralized wastewater treatment plant is not feasible or desired, fertilizer and soil conditioner are needed for agriculture, or groundwater pollution should be minimized.

text: A urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT) is a type of

text: dry toilet

text: with

text: urine diversion

text: that can be used to provide safe, affordable

text: sanitation

text: in a variety of contexts worldwide. Through the separate collection of

text: feces

text: (faeces) and

text: urine

text: without any flush water, many advantages can be realized, such as odor-free operation and pathogen reduction by drying. While dried feces and urine harvested from UDDTs can be and routinely are used in agriculture (respectively, as a soil amender and nutrient-rich fertilizer—this practice being known as

text: reuse of excreta

text: in agriculture), many UDDTs installations do not make use of any sort of recovery scheme. The UDDT is an example of a technology that can be used to achieve a

text: sustainable sanitation

text: system. This dry excreta management system (or "dry

text: sanitation

text: " system) is an alternative to

text: pit latrine

text: s and flush

text: toilet

text: s, especially where water is scarce, a connection to a

text: sewer system

text: and centralized

text: wastewater treatment plant

text: is not feasible or desired,

text: fertilizer

text: and

text: soil conditioner

text: are needed for agriculture, or

text: groundwater pollution

text: should be minimized.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flush toilets

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: recovery scheme

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pit latrines

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excreta

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: feces (faeces) and urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: centralized wastewater treatment plant

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: A urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces (faeces) and urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: feces (faeces) and urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: A urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flush water,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nutrient-rich fertilizer—this

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nutrient-rich fertilizer—this

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: A urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine without any flush water,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pit latrines

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nutrient-rich fertilizer—this

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centralized wastewater treatment plant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Historically, kidney disease has been classified according to the part of the kidney anatomy involved.

text: Historically, kidney disease has been classified according to the part of the kidney anatomy involved.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is NOT true?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: part of the kidney anatomy

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uncontrolled blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: part of the kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: the glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: part of the kidney anatomy

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Historically, kidney disease has been classified according to the part of the kidney anatomy

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney anatomy

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: classified according to the part of the kidney anatomy

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Historically, kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease has been classified according to the part of the kidney anatomy

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney disease has been classified according to the part of the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney anatomy

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The meeting was attended by "more than 100 people." Bill Gannon, a resident of Crestwood since 1972 told the panel on stage "What kind of whitewash is this...these aren't facts...these are just part-time facts put in where you feel like putting them in." Howard Smith, a Manteno resident who worked at ComEd in Crestwood for almost 30 years, asked health officials about possibly including people in the cancer study who didn't live in the village but worked there for decades. Smith himself has kidney disease. Linda Malin, a Crestwood resident with Parkinsons disease said "I believe (drinking the water for) 15 years has an effect on you."

text: The meeting was attended by "more than 100 people." Bill Gannon, a resident of Crestwood since 1972 told the panel on stage "What kind of whitewash is this...these aren't facts...these are just part-time facts put in where you feel like putting them in." Howard Smith, a Manteno resident who worked at ComEd in Crestwood for almost 30 years, asked health officials about possibly including people in the cancer study who didn't live in the village but worked there for decades. Smith himself has kidney disease. Linda Malin, a Crestwood resident with Parkinsons disease said "I believe (drinking the water for) 15 years has an effect on you."

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Smith has kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Parkinsons disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does Smith have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a resident of Crestwood since 1972?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ComEd

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: (drinking the water

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: (drinking the water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: part-time facts put in where you feel like putting them in."

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Smith himself has kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Smith himself has kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: (drinking the water

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 15 years

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: (drinking the water

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Smith himself has kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: (drinking the water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: (drinking the water for) 15 years

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Smith himself has kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ComEd

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The autonomic nervous system controls all automatic functions in the body and contains two subsections within it that aids in response to an acute stress reaction. These two subunits are the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic response is colloquially known as the "fight or flight" response, indicated by accelerated pulse and respiration rates, pupil dilation, and a general feeling of anxiety and hyper-awareness.  This is caused by the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands. the norepinephrine and epinephrine strike the beta receptors of the heart in order to feed the heart sympathetic nerve fibers to increase the strength of heart muscle contraction. as a result more blood is being circulated increasing the heart rate and respiratory rate. The sympathetic nervous system also stimulates the skeletal system and muscular system in an effort to pump more blood to those areas to handle the acute stress. simultaneously the sympathetic nervous system inhibits the digestive system and the urinary system in order to optimize blood flow to the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles. this plays a role in the alarm reaction stage. The para-sympathetic response is colloquially known as the "rest and digest" response, indicated by reduced heart and respiration rates, and more obviously by a temporary loss of consciousness if the system is fired at a rapid rate. The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system and urinary system in order to send more blood to those systems to increase the process of digestion. In order to do this, it must inhibit the cardiovascular system and respiratory system in an effort to optimize blood flow to the digestive tract causing low heart and respiratory rates. parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response (VanPutte Regan Russo 2014).

text: The autonomic nervous system controls all automatic functions in the body and contains two subsections within it that aids in response to an acute stress reaction. These two subunits are the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic response is colloquially known as the "

text: fight or flight

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system controls what?

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the first organ to receive wastes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiovascular system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: What is the number of nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system in an effort to optimize blood flow to the digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: digestion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: send more blood to those systems to increase the process of digestion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: parasympathetic plays no role in acute stress response

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood flow to the digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: digestive tract

text: Excretion: repaglinide is 90% excreted in the feces and 8% in the urine. 0.1% is cleared unchanged in the urine. Less than 2% is unchanged in the feces.

text: Excretion: repaglinide is 90% excreted in the feces and 8% in the urine. 0.1% is cleared unchanged in the urine. Less than 2% is unchanged in the feces.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or feces?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ: bladder, feces, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: repaglinide

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 8% in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 8% in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 8% in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the feces and 8% in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 8% in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 8% in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 8% in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 8%

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: repaglinide

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: Cat urine, especially that of male cats, contains the putative cat pheromone 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol (MMB), a compound that gives cat urine its typical odor. The MMB precursor felinine is synthesized in the urine from 3-methylbutanol-cysteinylglycine (3-MBCG) by the excreted peptidase cauxin. Felinine then slowly degrades into the volatile MMB.

text: Cat urine

text: , especially that of male cats, contains the putative cat pheromone

text: (MMB), a compound that gives cat urine its typical odor. The MMB precursor

text: felinine

text: is synthesized in the urine from 3-methylbutanol-cysteinylglycine (3-MBCG) by the excreted

text: peptidase

text: cauxin

text: . Felinine then slowly degrades into the volatile MMB.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: causin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, ureters, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: felinine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cysteine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 3-methylbutanol-cysteinylglycine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 3-methylbutanol-cysteinylglycine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 3-methylbutanol-cysteinylglycine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Cat urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: peptidase cauxin.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine,

text: The extent of excreted pigment depends on:

text: The extent of excreted pigment depends on:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the body's needs

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the size of the kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the amount of urine produced

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the amount of urine excreted

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: a person's age

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete pigment

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: a person's health

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the amount of food you eat

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the amount of toxins in the blood

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the size of the kidney

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the size of the bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the severity of the disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pigment

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: pigment

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pigment

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pigment

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: pigment

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: pigment

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: pigment

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The extent of excreted pigment

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excreted pigment

text: Extracellular fluid, in conjunction with intracellular fluid, helps control the movement of water and electrolytes throughout the body. In order to maintain osmotic balance, the extracellular compartments of a mammal's body must be able to excrete and absorb water to and from the environment. Inorganic ions must also be exchanged between ECF and the external environment to maintain homeostasis. These exchanges occur across specialized epithelial cells and through a filtration process in the kidneys. Extracellular fluid allows a solute balance between the outside and the inside of the cell, or to produce a gradient (which is commonly used to initiate diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, etc.). Blood flow delivers oxygen to arterioles, capillaries, and venules and clears waste products of metabolism. A second flow of fluid important to organ function is filtration of plasma across the microcirculation into the interstitial lymphatic compartment of the ECF. Multiple mechanisms regulate this flow and the distribution of ECF between the plasma volume and interstitial lymphatic fluid compartments.

text: Extracellular fluid, in conjunction with intracellular fluid, helps control the movement of water and electrolytes throughout the body. In order to maintain osmotic balance, the extracellular compartments of a mammal's body must be able to excrete and absorb water to and from the environment. Inorganic ions must also be exchanged between ECF and the external environment to maintain homeostasis. These exchanges occur across specialized epithelial cells and through a filtration process in the kidneys. Extracellular fluid allows a solute balance between the outside and the inside of the cell, or to produce a gradient (which is commonly used to initiate diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, etc.). Blood flow delivers oxygen to arterioles, capillaries, and venules and clears waste products of metabolism. A second flow of fluid important to organ function is filtration of plasma across the microcirculation into the interstitial lymphatic compartment of the ECF. Multiple mechanisms regulate this flow and the distribution of ECF between the plasma volume and interstitial lymphatic fluid compartments.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood flow deliver oxygen to arterioles

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete and absorb water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: filtration process in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: capillaries

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excrete and absorb water to and from the environment

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Blood flow delivers oxygen

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: clears waste products of metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: interstitial lymphatic compartment

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: filtration process in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: filtration process in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: filtration process in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete and absorb water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmotic balance,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: filtration process in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Extracellular fluid,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: specialized epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: specialized epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: filtration process in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filtration process

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: filtration process in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration process in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: venules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST). They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption. In the kidneys, 100% of the filtered glucose in the glomerulus has to be reabsorbed along the nephron (98% in PCT, via SGLT2). If the plasma glucose concentration is too high (hyperglycemia), glucose is excreted in urine (glucosuria) because SGLT are saturated with the filtered glucose. Glucose is never secreted by a healthy nephron.

text: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of

text: glucose transporter

text: found in the intestinal

text: mucosa

text: enterocytes

text: ) of the

text: small intestine

text: (SGLT1) and the

text: proximal tubule

text: of the

text: nephron

text: (SGLT2 in

text: PCT

text: and SGLT1 in

text: PST

text: ). They contribute to

text: renal glucose reabsorption

text: . In the kidneys, 100% of the filtered glucose in the

text: glomerulus

text: has to be reabsorbed along the nephron (98% in

text: PCT

text: , via SGLT2). If the plasma glucose concentration is too high (

text: hyperglycemia

text: ), glucose is excreted in urine (

text: glucosuria

text: ) because SGLT are saturated with the filtered glucose. Glucose is never secreted by a healthy

text: nephron

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretion organ?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hyperglycemia

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glucose is never secreted by a healthy nephron

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glucose is excreted in urine (glucosuria)

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: kidneys, nephron, or bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 100% of the filtered glucose

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: (hyperglycemia),

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 100% of the filtered glucose

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephron.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 100% of the filtered glucose in the glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: healthy nephron.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 100% of the filtered glucose

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: 100% of the filtered glucose

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glucose is excreted in urine (glucosuria)

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtered glucose

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: In 2015 Williams began having health issue that would later be diagnosed as End Stage Renal Disease (stage 5) or better known as kidney failure. Williams is diabetic and it is claimed that the diabetes has been a major factor in her kidney problems. Williams was placed on the kidney donor list by Emory Hospital in Atlanta. Various fundraisers have been held to bring awareness to the disease and to help defray Williams growing medical expenses.

text: In 2015 Williams began having health issue that would later be diagnosed as End Stage Renal Disease (stage 5) or better known as

text: kidney failure

text: . Williams is diabetic and it is claimed that the diabetes has been a major factor in her kidney problems. Williams was placed on the kidney donor list by Emory Hospital in

text: Atlanta

text: . Various fundraisers have been held to bring awareness to the disease and to help defray Williams growing medical expenses.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does Williams' kidney function?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the final word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Williams have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system: bladder, kidney, or kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney donor list

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: diabetic

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 5)

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: diabetic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 5)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney donor list by Emory Hospital

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 5)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney donor list

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: major factor in her kidney problems.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: End Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: These excretions are crucial in the maintenance of Antarctic ecosystems. Penguin rookeries can be home to thousands of penguins, all of which are concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands. These excretions will inevitably drop to the ground. The concentration of salts and nitrogenous wastes helps to facilitate the flow of material from the sea to the land, serving to make it habitable for bacteria which live in the soils.

text: These excretions are crucial in the maintenance of Antarctic ecosystems. Penguin rookeries can be home to thousands of penguins, all of which are concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands. These excretions will inevitably drop to the ground. The concentration of salts and nitrogenous wastes helps to facilitate the flow of material from the sea to the land, serving to make it habitable for bacteria which live in the soils.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nasal glands

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste: salts or nitrogenous wastes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive tracts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nasal glands

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an excretion organ: digestive tracts, nasal glands, or the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nasal glands

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nasal glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: drop to the ground.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrating waste products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: thousands

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: drop to the ground.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: concentrating waste products

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salts

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: concentrating waste products in their digestive tracts and nasal glands.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: digestive tracts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: digestive tracts and nasal glands.

text: Some marine oligochaeta (e.g., Olavius or Inanidrillus) have obligate extracellular endosymbionts that fill the entire body of their host. These marine worms are nutritionally dependent on their symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria lacking any digestive or excretory system (no gut, mouth, or nephridia).

text: Some marine

text: oligochaeta

text: (e.g.,

text: Olavius

text: or

text: Inanidrillus

text: ) have obligate extracellular endosymbionts that fill the entire body of their host. These marine worms are nutritionally dependent on their symbiotic

text: chemoautotroph

text: ic bacteria lacking any digestive or excretory system (no gut, mouth, or

text: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive or excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gut

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the digestive or excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: lack of digestive or excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Nephridia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive or excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: gut, mouth, or nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gut, mouth, or nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Some marine oligochaeta

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Some marine oligochaeta

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephridia).

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridia).

text: It is commonly believed that urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra, where epithelial cells lining the urethra are colonized by facultatively anaerobic Gram negative rods and cocci. Current research suggests though that urine is not sterile, even in the bladder.   Regardless, subsequent to elimination from the body, urine can acquire strong odors due to bacterial action, and in particular the release of ammonia from the breakdown of urea.

text: It is commonly believed that urine is

text: sterile

text: until it reaches the urethra, where

text: epithelial cells

text: lining the urethra are colonized by

text: facultatively anaerobic

text: Gram negative rods and cocci

text: . Current research suggests though that urine is not sterile, even in the bladder.   Regardless, subsequent to elimination from the body, urine can acquire strong odors due to bacterial action, and in particular the release of

text: ammonia

text: from the breakdown of urea.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate from the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: release of ammonia

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sterile

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: elimination from the body,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: release of ammonia from the breakdown of urea.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine is sterile until it reaches the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urethra,

text: The flame cell has a nucleated cell body, with a "cup-shaped" projection, with flagella covering the inner surface of the cup. The beating of these flagella resemble a flame, giving the cell its name. The cup is attached to a tube cell, whose inner surface is also coated in cilia, which help to move liquid through the tube cell. The tube opens externally through a nephropore, or, in the trematoda, into an excretory bladder. The function of these cells is to regulate the osmotic pressure of the worm, and maintain its ionic balance. Microvilli in the tube cell may be used to reabsorb some ions.

text: The flame cell has a

text: nucleated

text: cell body, with a "cup-shaped" projection, with

text: flagella

text: covering the inner surface of the cup. The beating of these flagella resemble a flame, giving the cell its name. The cup is attached to a tube cell, whose inner surface is also coated in

text: cilia

text: , which help to move liquid through the tube cell. The tube opens externally through a nephropore, or, in the

text: trematoda

text: , into an excretory

text: bladder

text: . The function of these cells is to regulate the

text: osmotic pressure

text: of the worm, and maintain its ionic balance.

text: Microvilli

text: in the tube cell may be used to reabsorb some

text: ion

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the function of the tube cell?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tube cell

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephropore

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: ionic balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day does the kidney filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorb some ions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: worm

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephropore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the tube cell?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the function of the tube cell?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Microvilli

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephropore

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephropore

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephropore

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory bladder

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory bladder.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory bladder.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tube cell,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory bladder.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulate the osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory bladder.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: worm,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ions.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: trematoda,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephropore,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder.

text: Rhabdomyolysis may cause kidney failure by several mechanisms. The most important is the accumulation of myoglobin in the kidney tubules. Normally, the blood protein haptoglobin binds circulating myoglobin and other heme-containing substances, but in rhabdomyolysis the quantity of myoglobin exceeds the binding capacity of haptoglobin. Myoglobinuria, the presence of myoglobin in the urine, occurs when the level in plasma exceeds 0.5–1.5 mg/dl; once plasma levels reach 100 mg/dl, the concentration in the urine becomes sufficient for it to be visibly discolored and corresponds with the destruction of about 200 grams of muscle. As the kidneys reabsorb more water from the filtrate, myoglobin interacts with Tamm–Horsfall protein in the nephron to form casts (solid aggregates) that obstruct the normal flow of fluid; the condition is worsened further by high levels of uric acid and acidification of the filtrate, which increase cast formation. Iron released from the heme generates reactive oxygen species, damaging the kidney cells. In addition to the myoglobinuria, two other mechanisms contribute to kidney impairment: low blood pressure leads to constriction of the blood vessels and therefore a relative lack of blood flow to the kidney, and finally uric acid may form crystals in the tubules of the kidneys, causing obstruction. Together, these processes lead to acute tubular necrosis, the destruction of the cells of tubules. Glomerular filtration rate falls and the kidney is unable to perform its normal excretory functions. This causes disruption of electrolyte regulation, leading to a further rise in potassium levels, and interferes with vitamin D processing, further worsening the low calcium levels.

text: Rhabdomyolysis may cause kidney failure by several mechanisms. The most important is the accumulation of myoglobin in the

text: kidney tubules

text: . Normally, the blood protein

text: haptoglobin

text: binds circulating myoglobin and other heme-containing substances, but in rhabdomyolysis the quantity of myoglobin exceeds the binding capacity of haptoglobin.

text: Myoglobinuria

text: , the presence of myoglobin in the urine, occurs when the level in

text: plasma

text: exceeds 0.5–1.5

text: mg/dl

text: ; once plasma levels reach 100 mg/dl, the concentration in the urine becomes sufficient for it to be visibly discolored and corresponds with the destruction of about 200 grams of muscle. As the kidneys reabsorb more water from the

text: filtrate

text: , myoglobin interacts with

text: Tamm–Horsfall protein

text: in the

text: nephron

text: to form

text: casts

text: (solid aggregates) that obstruct the normal flow of fluid; the condition is worsened further by high levels of uric acid and acidification of the filtrate, which increase cast formation. Iron released from the heme generates reactive oxygen species, damaging the kidney cells. In addition to the myoglobinuria, two other mechanisms contribute to kidney impairment: low blood pressure leads to

text: constriction of the blood vessels

text: and therefore a relative lack of blood flow to the kidney, and finally uric acid may form crystals in the tubules of the kidneys, causing obstruction. Together, these processes lead to

text: acute tubular necrosis

text: , the destruction of the cells of tubules.

text: Glomerular filtration rate

text: falls and the kidney is unable to perform its normal excretory functions. This causes disruption of electrolyte regulation, leading to a further rise in potassium levels, and interferes with

text: vitamin D

text: processing, further worsening the low calcium levels.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: potassium levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of kidney failure: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why do you need both kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed by the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: disruption of electrolyte regulation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or nephron?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cast formation.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney cells.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: acute tubular necrosis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: cast formation.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the kidney is unable to perform its normal excretory functions.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acidification of the filtrate, which increase cast formation.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: cast formation.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: the kidney is unable to perform its normal excretory functions.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: low blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys reabsorb more water from the filtrate,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Glomerular

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: acidification of the filtrate,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: cast formation.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: uric acid may form crystals in the tubules

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory functions.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acute tubular necrosis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: cast formation.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cast formation.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Examination of the urine (urinalysis) allows a direct assessment for possible kidney problems, which may be suggested by appearance of blood in the urine (haematuria), protein in the urine (proteinuria), pus cells in the urine (pyuria) or cancer cells in the urine. A 24-hour urine collection can be used to quantify daily protein loss (see proteinuria), urine output, creatinine clearance or electrolyte handling by the renal tubules.

text: Examination of the urine (

text: urinalysis

text: ) allows a direct assessment for possible kidney problems, which may be suggested by appearance of blood in the urine (

text: haematuria

text: ), protein in the urine (

text: proteinuria

text: ), pus cells in the urine (

text: pyuria

text: ) or cancer cells in the urine. A

text: 24-hour urine collection

text: can be used to quantify daily protein loss (see

text: proteinuria

text: ), urine output,

text: creatinine clearance

text: or electrolyte handling by the

text: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs, respiratory tract, and respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Haematuria

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine contain?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: creatinine clearance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: blood in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are correct

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cancer cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: creatinine clearance

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: electrolyte handling

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: blood in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: (haematuria),

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine (urinalysis)

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: electrolyte handling by the renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 24-hour

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney problems,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (urinalysis) allows a direct assessment for possible kidney problems,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney problems,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine output,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cancer cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: electrolyte handling by the renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: (urinalysis) allows a direct assessment for possible kidney problems,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: electrolyte handling

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: blood in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: (urinalysis)

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (urinalysis)

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubules.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Millions of people across the world suffer from kidney disease. Of those millions, several thousand will eventually or do need kidney transplants.  Out of those millions in the world, 16,500 in the United States needed a kidney transplant in 2008.  Of those 16,500 people, 5,000 died while waiting for a transplant.  Currently, there is a shortage of donors, and in 2007 there were only 64,606 kidney transplants in the world. This shortage of donors is causing countries to place monetary value on kidneys.  Countries such as Iran and Singapore are eliminating their lists by paying their citizens to donate.  Also, the black market accounts for 5-10 percent of transplants that occur worldwide.  The act of buying an organ through the black market is illegal in the United States.   To be put on the waiting list for a kidney transplant, patients must first be referred by a physician, then they must choose and contact a donor hospital.  Once they choose a donor hospital, patients must then receive an evaluation to make sure they are sustainable to receive a transplant. In order to be a match for a kidney transplant, patients must match blood type and human leukocyte antigen factors with their donors.  They must also have no reactions to the antibodies from the donor’s kidneys.

text: Millions of people across the world suffer from kidney disease. Of those millions, several thousand will eventually or do need kidney transplants.  Out of those millions in the world, 16,500 in the United States needed a kidney transplant in 2008.  Of those 16,500 people, 5,000 died while waiting for a transplant.  Currently, there is a shortage of donors, and in 2007 there were only 64,606 kidney transplants in the world. This shortage of donors is causing countries to place monetary value on kidneys.  Countries such as Iran and Singapore are eliminating their lists by paying their citizens to donate.  Also, the black market accounts for 5-10 percent of transplants that occur worldwide.  The act of buying an organ through the black market is illegal in the United States.   To be put on the waiting list for a kidney transplant, patients must first be referred by a physician, then they must choose and contact a donor hospital.  Once they choose a donor hospital, patients must then receive an evaluation to make sure they are sustainable to receive a transplant. In order to be a match for a kidney transplant, patients must match blood type and human leukocyte antigen factors with their donors.  They must also have no reactions to the antibodies from the donor’s kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does a kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ in the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood type and human leukocyte antigen factors

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood type and human leukocyte antigen factors

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: shortage of donors,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: shortage of donors,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 64,606

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: antibodies

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 64,606 kidney transplants in the world.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: shortage of donors,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: human leukocyte antigen factors

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: human leukocyte antigen factors

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Most animals have excretory systems for elimination of soluble toxic wastes. In humans, soluble wastes are excreted primarily by the urinary system and, to a lesser extent in terms of urea, removed by perspiration. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The system produces urine by a process of filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream, as well as excess water, sugars, and a variety of other compounds. The resulting urine contains high concentrations of urea and other substances, including toxins. Urine flows from the kidney through the ureter, bladder, and finally the urethra before passing from the body.

text: Most animals have

text: excretory system

text: s for elimination of soluble toxic wastes. In humans, soluble wastes are excreted primarily by the

text: urinary system

text: and, to a lesser extent in terms of

text: urea

text: , removed by

text: perspiration

text: . The urinary system consists of the

text: kidney

text: s,

text: ureter

text: s,

text: urinary bladder

text: , and

text: urethra

text: . The system produces urine by a process of

text: filtration

text: reabsorption

text: , and tubular secretion. The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream, as well as excess water, sugars, and a variety of other compounds. The resulting urine contains high concentrations of urea and other substances, including toxins. Urine flows from the kidney through the ureter, bladder, and finally the urethra before passing from the body.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory system: the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not part of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminates soluble toxic wastes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the urinary system consist of?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: How does urine move through the ureters?

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excess water,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: soluble wastes from the bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: elimination of soluble toxic wastes.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: perspiration.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flows from the kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: toxins.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Most animals have excretory systems for elimination of soluble toxic wastes.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: Uremia can be translated as "urea in the blood". Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood that would be normally excreted in the urine. The Uremic Syndrome can be defined as the terminal clinical manifestation of kidney failure (also called renal failure). It is the signs, symptoms and results from laboratory tests which result from inadequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function of the kidneys. Both uremia and the uremic syndrome have been used interchangeably to define a very high plasma urea concentration that is the result of renal failure. The latter definition will be used for the rest of the article.

text: Uremia can be translated as "

text: urea

text: in the blood". Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess of

text: amino acid

text: and protein metabolism end products, such as

text: urea

text: and

text: creatinine

text: , in the blood that would be normally excreted in the urine. The Uremic Syndrome can be defined as the terminal clinical manifestation of

text: kidney failure

text: (also called renal failure). It is the signs, symptoms and results from laboratory tests which result from inadequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function of the kidneys. Both uremia and the uremic syndrome have been used interchangeably to define a very high plasma urea concentration that is the result of renal failure. The latter definition will be used for the rest of the article.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system, the respiratory system, and the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What can be defined as an excess of amino acid and protein metabolism end products?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the primary component of urine?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is one of the primary components of urine?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: endocrine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is one of the primary components of urine?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Uremia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is one of the primary components of urine?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: endocrine function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is one of the primary components of urine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Uremia

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Uremia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: endocrine function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: endocrine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulatory and endocrine function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: inadequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Uremic Syndrome

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Uremia

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Uremia

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Uremia

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: endocrine function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: inadequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Uremia

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Uremic Syndrome

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Under its trade name Benlysta, belimumab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of SLE on March 9, 2011. The FDA Advisory committee approved it with a 13-to-2 vote, despite reservations that the improvement of only 4 points on the SELENA-SLEDA scale was only marginally effective, and despite reservations about additional deaths in the treatment group. Based on the number needed to treat, approximately eleven patients must be treated for one to benefit. It was not tested in severe forms of SLE, which involve active damage to the kidneys or central nervous system in the phase III trials. Subjects with active kidney disease were included in the Phase II trials of the drug. "Patients with active lupus that involved the kidneys ... were excluded from participating in the trials. Study participants of African American or African descent did not significantly respond to belimumab."  It has subsequently been approved for use in Europe and Canada.

text: Under its trade name Benlysta, belimumab was approved by the

text: U.S. Food and Drug Administration

text: (FDA) for treatment of SLE on March 9, 2011. The FDA Advisory committee approved it with a 13-to-2 vote, despite reservations that the improvement of only 4 points on the SELENA-SLEDA scale was only marginally effective, and despite reservations about additional deaths in the treatment group. Based on the

text: number needed to treat

text: , approximately eleven patients must be treated for one to benefit. It was not tested in severe forms of SLE, which involve active damage to the kidneys or central nervous system in the phase III trials. Subjects with active kidney disease were included in the Phase II trials of the drug. "Patients with active lupus that involved the kidneys ... were excluded from participating in the trials. Study participants of African American or African descent did not significantly respond to belimumab."  It has subsequently been approved for use in Europe and Canada.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: SELENA-SLEDA scale

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: active damage

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: SELENA-SLEDA

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys or central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidneys or central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: active damage to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys or central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: lupus

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: damage to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: severe forms of SLE, which involve active damage to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: belimumab

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: eleven

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidneys or central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: eleven

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: damage to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: active damage to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: active damage to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lupus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: belimumab

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Other well known causes include diseases of the kidney. This includes diseases such as polycystic kidney disease which is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys,  PKD is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts (hence, "polycystic") in both kidneys, can also damage the liver, pancreas, and rarely, the heart and brain.It can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, with the autosomal dominant form being more common and characterized by progressive cyst development and bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts, with concurrent development of hypertension, renal insufficiency and renal pain. Or chronic glomerulonephritis which is a disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, or small blood vessels in the kidneys.

text: Other well known causes include diseases of the

text: kidney

text: . This includes diseases such as

text: polycystic kidney disease

text: which is a

text: cystic

text: genetic disorder

text: of the

text: kidneys

text: PKD

text: is characterized by the presence of multiple

text: cysts

text: (hence, "polycystic") in both

text: kidneys

text: , can also damage the

text: liver

text: pancreas

text: , and rarely, the

text: heart

text: and

text: brain

text: .It can be

text: autosomal dominant

text: or

text: autosomal recessive

text: , with the autosomal dominant form being more common and characterized by progressive cyst development and bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts, with concurrent development of hypertension,

text: renal insufficiency

text: and

text: renal

text: pain. Or chronic

text: glomerulonephritis

text: which is a disease characterized by

text: inflammation

text: of the

text: glomeruli

text: , or small

text: blood vessel

text: s in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: bilaterally

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: diseases of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: diseases of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: diseases of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal insufficiency

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diseases of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart and brain.It

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: bilaterally enlarged kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomeruli, or small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: diseases of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: small blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: enlarged kidneys

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: diseases of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerulonephritis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: Although all three of these proteins are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), activation of AVPR1A and AVPR1B stimulate phospholipase C, while activation of AVPR2 stimulates adenylate cyclase. These three receptors for vasopressin have unique tissue distributions. AVPR1A are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, platelets, brain cells, and uterus cells. AVPR1B are expressed in cells of the anterior pituitary and throughout the brain, especially in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA2 field. AVPR2 are expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer, the last two being associated with alternative splicing. AVPR2 is also expressed in the liver where stimulation releases a variety of clotting factors into the bloodstream. In the kidney, AVPR2's primary function is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results.

text: Although all three of these proteins are

text: G-protein coupled receptors

text: (GPCRs), activation of AVPR1A and AVPR1B stimulate

text: phospholipase C

text: , while activation of AVPR2 stimulates

text: adenylate cyclase

text: . These three receptors for vasopressin have unique tissue distributions. AVPR1A are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, platelets, brain cells, and uterus cells. AVPR1B are expressed in cells of the anterior pituitary and throughout the brain, especially in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA2 field. AVPR2 are expressed in the

text: kidney tubule

text: , predominantly in the

text: distal convoluted tubule

text: and

text: collecting duct

text: s, in

text: fetal

text: lung

text: tissue and

text: lung cancer

text: , the last two being associated with

text: alternative splicing

text: . AVPR2 is also expressed in the liver where stimulation releases a variety of

text: clotting factor

text: s into the bloodstream. In the kidney, AVPR2's primary function is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the

text: urine

text: and maintain

text: water

text: homeostasis

text: in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease

text: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

text: (NDI) results.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: AVPR2 are expressed in the kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the primary function of AVPR2

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Why is urine excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the primary function of the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the primary function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need to live a healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a GPCR: AVPR1, AVPR2, or AVPR2?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the function of AVPR2?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ: the kidney, the liver, or the uterus?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: What is the only cure for kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lung cancer,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney tubule,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting ducts,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting ducts,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine and maintain water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maintain water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: fetal lung tissue and lung cancer,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting ducts,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: clotting factors

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: AVPR2 are expressed in the kidney tubule,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: concentrate the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney tubule,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting ducts,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: arginine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: distal convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: Because of their small size, copepods have no need of any heart or circulatory system (the members of the order Calanoida have a heart, but no blood vessels), and most also lack gills. Instead, they absorb oxygen directly into their bodies. Their excretory system consists of maxillary glands.

text: Because of their small size, copepods have no need of any

text: heart

text: or circulatory system (the members of the order Calanoida have a heart, but no

text: blood vessel

text: s), and most also lack

text: gill

text: s. Instead, they absorb oxygen directly into their bodies. Their excretory system consists of

text: maxillary gland

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gills absorb oxygen directly into their bodies

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the excretory system work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: maxillary glands

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: maxillary glands

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: maxillary glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: gills

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: maxillary gland

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system consists of maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: heart or circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system consists of maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: heart or circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system consists of maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: copepods have no need of any heart or circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: maxillary glands.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: maxillary glands.

text: It is well-known that as kidney function declines, there is a progressive deterioration in mineral homeostasis, with a disruption of normal serum and tissue concentrations of phosphorus and calcium, and changes in circulating levels of hormones. These include parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D; calcidiol), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 vitamin D; calcitriol), and other vitamin D metabolites, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), and growth hormone. Beginning in CKD stage 3, the ability of the kidneys to appropriately excrete a phosphate load is diminished, leading to hyperphosphatemia, elevated PTH (secondary hyperparathyroidism), and decreased 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D with associated elevations in the levels of FGF-23. The conversion of 25(OH) virtamin D to 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D is impaired, reducing intestinal calcium absorption and increasing PTH. The kidney fails to respond adequately to PTH, which normally promotes phosphaturia and calcium reabsorption, or to FGF-23, which also enhances phosphate excretion. In addition, there is evidence at the tissue level of a downregulation of vitamin D receptor and of resistance to the actions of PTH. Therapy is generally focused on correcting biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in an effort to limit their consequences.

text: It is well-known that as kidney function declines, there is a progressive deterioration in mineral homeostasis, with a disruption of normal serum and tissue concentrations of

text: phosphorus

text: and

text: calcium

text: , and changes in circulating levels of

text: hormone

text: s. These include

text: parathyroid hormone

text: (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D;

text: calcidiol

text: ), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 vitamin D;

text: calcitriol

text: ), and other vitamin D metabolites,

text: fibroblast growth factor 23

text: (FGF-23), and growth hormone. Beginning in CKD stage 3, the ability of the kidneys to appropriately excrete a phosphate load is diminished, leading to

text: hyperphosphatemia

text: , elevated PTH (

text: secondary hyperparathyroidism

text: ), and decreased 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D with associated elevations in the levels of FGF-23. The conversion of 25(OH) virtamin D to 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D is impaired, reducing intestinal calcium absorption and increasing PTH. The kidney fails to respond adequately to PTH, which normally promotes phosphaturia and calcium reabsorption, or to FGF-23, which also enhances phosphate excretion. In addition, there is evidence at the tissue level of a downregulation of vitamin D receptor and of resistance to the actions of PTH. Therapy is generally focused on correcting biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in an effort to limit their consequences.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the kidney fail to respond adequately to?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: mineral homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: parathyroid

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Calcium reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete a phosphate load

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphaturia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney function declines,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: phosphorus and calcium,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: fibroblast growth factor 23

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: serum

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: CKD stage 3,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: PTH,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: mineral homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: CKD stage 3,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete a phosphate load

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: appropriately excrete a phosphate load

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: CKD stage 3,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: intestinal calcium absorption

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 3,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: phosphaturia and calcium reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: D

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: fibroblast growth factor 23

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: calcium reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: appropriately excrete a phosphate load

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ability of the kidneys to appropriately excrete a phosphate load

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: CKD stage 3,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphorus and calcium,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CKD stage 3,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Around the age of 38, and with a remarkable academic career behind him, Malpighi decided to dedicate his free time to anatomical studies. Although he conducted some of his studies using vivisection and others through the dissection of corpses, his most illustrative efforts appear to have been based on the use of the microscope. Because of this work, many microscopic anatomical structures are named after Malpighi, including a skin layer (Malpighi layer) and two different Malpighian corpuscles in the kidneys and the spleen, as well as the Malpighian tubules in the excretory system of insects.

text: Around the age of 38, and with a remarkable academic career behind him, Malpighi decided to dedicate his free time to anatomical studies. Although he conducted some of his studies using vivisection and others through the dissection of corpses, his most illustrative efforts appear to have been based on the use of the microscope. Because of this work, many microscopic anatomical structures are named after Malpighi, including a skin layer (Malpighi layer) and two different Malpighian corpuscles in the kidneys and the spleen, as well as the

text: Malpighian tubules

text: in the excretory system of insects.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the Malpighi layer consist of?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Malpighi layer

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian corpuscle

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the excretory system of insects?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vivisection

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system of insects.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Malpighian tubules in the excretory system of insects.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory system of insects.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: two different Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys and the spleen,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Malpighian corpuscles in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Malpighian corpuscles in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Malpighian corpuscles in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys and the spleen,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vivisection

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian corpuscles

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The ostrich is well adapted to hot, arid environments through specialization of excretory organs. The ostrich has an extremely long and developed colon the length of approximately  between the coprodeum and the paired caeca, which are around  long. A well developed caeca is also found and in combination with the rectum forms the microbial fermentation chambers used for carbohydrate breakdown. The catabolism of carbohydrates produces around  of water that can be used internally. The majority of their urine is stored in the coprodeum, and the faeces are separately stored in the terminal colon. The coprodeum is located ventral to the terminal rectum and urodeum (where the ureters open). Found between the terminal rectum and coprodeum is a strong sphincter. The coprodeum and cloaca are the main osmoregulatory mechanisms used for the regulation and reabsorption of ions and water, or net water conservation. As expected in a species inhabiting arid regions, dehydration causes a reduction in faecal water, or dry feces. This reduction is believed to be caused by high levels of plasma aldosterone, which leads to rectal absorption of sodium and water. Also expected is the production of hyperosmotic urine; cloacal urine has been found to be 800 mosmol/L. The U:P (urine:plasma) ratio of the ostrich is therefore greater than one. Diffusion of water to the coprodeum (where urine is stored) from plasma across the epithelium is voided. This void is believed to be caused by the thick mucosal layering of the coprodeum.

text: The ostrich is well adapted to hot, arid environments through specialization of

text: excretory

text: organs. The ostrich has an extremely long and developed

text: colon

text: the length of approximately  between the coprodeum and the paired

text: caeca

text: , which are around  long. A well developed caeca is also found and in combination with the

text: rectum

text: forms the

text: microbial fermentation

text: chambers used for

text: carbohydrate

text: breakdown. The

text: catabolism

text: of carbohydrates produces around  of water that can be used internally. The majority of their

text: urine

text: is stored in the coprodeum, and the

text: faeces

text: are separately stored in the terminal colon. The coprodeum is located ventral to the terminal rectum and urodeum (where the

text: ureters

text: open). Found between the terminal rectum and coprodeum is a strong sphincter. The coprodeum and cloaca are the main osmoregulatory mechanisms used for the regulation and reabsorption of ions and water, or net water conservation. As expected in a species inhabiting arid regions, dehydration causes a reduction in faecal water, or dry feces. This reduction is believed to be caused by high levels of plasma

text: aldosterone

text: , which leads to rectal absorption of sodium and water. Also expected is the production of

text: hyperosmotic

text: urine; cloacal urine has been found to be 800

text: mosmol

text: /L. The U:P (urine:plasma) ratio of the ostrich is therefore greater than one. Diffusion of water to the coprodeum (where urine is stored) from plasma across the

text: epithelium

text: is voided. This void is believed to be caused by the thick

text: mucosal

text: layering of the coprodeum.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion are not found in the ostrich?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the ostrich have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: coprodeum

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: absorption of sodium and water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: faeces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the ostrich have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The coprodeum and cloaca

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulation and reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, rectum, or faeces?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: coprodeum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: dehydration causes a reduction in faecal water,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine is stored in the coprodeum,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urodeum (where the ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Diffusion of water to the coprodeum

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: high levels of plasma aldosterone,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: aldosterone,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: absorption of sodium and water.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hyperosmotic urine;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urodeum

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ostrich

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: high levels of plasma aldosterone,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: one.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: rectal absorption

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulation and reabsorption of ions and water,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hyperosmotic urine;

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: coprodeum,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: high levels of plasma aldosterone,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: coprodeum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: coprodeum

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urodeum

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: sphincter.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: rectal

text: All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode" as mass storage devices to store data files but this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of the iPod Touch, requires special software.  If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the HFS+ file system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer. If it is formatted on Windows, the FAT32 format is used. With the release of the Windows-compatible iPod, the default file system used on the iPod line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either file system (excluding the iPod Shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+.

text: All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode" as

text: mass storage devices

text: to store data files but this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of the iPod Touch, requires special software.  If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the

text: HFS+

text: file system format, which allows it to serve as a

text: boot disk

text: for a Mac computer. If it is formatted on Windows, the

text: format is used. With the release of the Windows-compatible iPod, the default file system used on the iPod line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either file system (excluding the iPod Shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the iPod Shuffle

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: FAT32

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: iPods

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: FAT32,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: All iPods

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: iPods except for the iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: All iPods

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: iPod Touch,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: iPods

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode"

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: FAT32,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: HFS+

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: iPods

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: iPod Touch

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: iPod Touch

text: The endoderm later forms the lining of the tongue, digestive tract, lungs, bladder and several glands. The mesoderm forms muscle, bone, and lymph tissue, as well as the interior of the lungs, heart, and reproductive and excretory systems. It also gives rise to the spleen, and produces blood cells. The ectoderm forms the skin, nails, hair, cornea, lining of the internal and external ear, nose, sinuses, mouth, anus, teeth, pituitary gland, mammary glands, eyes, and all parts of the nervous system.

text: The endoderm later forms the lining of the

text: tongue

text: digestive tract

text: lung

text: s,

text: bladder

text: and several

text: gland

text: s. The mesoderm forms

text: muscle

text: bone

text: , and

text: lymph

text: tissue, as well as the interior of the lungs,

text: heart

text: , and

text: reproductive

text: and

text: excretory system

text: s. It also gives rise to the

text: spleen

text: , and produces blood cells. The ectoderm forms the

text: skin

text: nail

text: s,

text: hair

text: cornea

text: , lining of the internal and external

text: ear

text: nose

text: sinus

text: es,

text: mouth

text: anus

text: teeth

text: pituitary gland

text: mammary gland

text: s,

text: eye

text: s, and all parts of the

text: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: endoderm later forms the lining of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the mesoderm form?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: endoderm

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which is not a part of the nervous system?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the mesoderm form?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The endoderm

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: endoderm

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does the endoderm later forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: endoderm

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: endoderm

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive and excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: lungs, heart, and reproductive and excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: bladder and several glands.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The endoderm

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Bile excretion is different from kidney excretion as it is always involves energy expenditure in active transport across the epithelium of the bile duct against a concentration gradient. This transport system can also be saturated if the plasma concentrations of the drug are high. Bile excretion of drugs mainly takes place where their molecular weight is greater than 300 and they contain both polar and lipophilic groups. The glucuronidation of the drug in the kidney also facilitates bile excretion. Substances with similar physicochemical properties can block the receptor, which is important in assessing interactions. A drug excreted in the bile duct can occasionally be reabsorbed by the intestines (in the entero-hepatic circuit), which can also lead to interactions with other drugs.

text: Bile

text: excretion is different from kidney excretion as it is always involves energy expenditure in active transport across the epithelium of the bile duct against a concentration

text: gradient

text: . This transport system can also be saturated if the plasma concentrations of the drug are high. Bile excretion of drugs mainly takes place where their

text: molecular weight

text: is greater than 300 and they contain both polar and lipophilic groups. The

text: glucuronidation

text: of the drug in the kidney also facilitates bile excretion. Substances with similar physicochemical properties can block the receptor, which is important in assessing interactions. A drug excreted in the bile duct can occasionally be reabsorbed by the intestines (in the entero-hepatic circuit), which can also lead to interactions with other drugs.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney excrete wastes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: intestines

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: epithelium

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: active transport

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glucuronidation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or bile duct?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Bile excretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelium of the bile duct

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Bile excretion is different from kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Bile excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Bile excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Bile excretion is different from kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Bile excretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 300

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Bile excretion is different from kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Bile excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney excretion as it is always involves energy expenditure in active transport

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glucuronidation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glucuronidation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Bile excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Bile excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronidation

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: bile duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: People with certain rare inborn errors of metabolism have a propensity to accumulate crystal-forming substances in their urine. For example, those with cystinuria, cystinosis, and Fanconi syndrome may form stones composed of cystine. Cystine stone formation can be treated with urine alkalinization and dietary protein restriction.  People afflicted with xanthinuria often produce stones composed of xanthine. People afflicted with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency may produce 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones, alkaptonurics produce homogentisic acid stones, and iminoglycinurics produce stones of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. Urolithiasis has also been noted to occur in the setting of therapeutic drug use, with crystals of drug forming within the renal tract in some people currently being treated with agents such as indinavir, sulfadiazine and triamterene.

text: People with certain rare

text: inborn errors of metabolism

text: have a propensity to accumulate crystal-forming substances in their urine. For example, those with

text: cystinuria

text: cystinosis

text: , and

text: Fanconi syndrome

text: may form stones composed of

text: cystine

text: . Cystine stone formation can be treated with urine alkalinization and dietary protein restriction.  People afflicted with

text: xanthinuria

text: often produce stones composed of

text: xanthine

text: . People afflicted with

text: adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency

text: may produce

text: stones,

text: alkaptonurics

text: produce

text: homogentisic acid

text: stones, and

text: iminoglycinurics

text: produce stones of

text: glycine

text: proline

text: and

text: hydroxyproline

text: . Urolithiasis has also been noted to occur in the setting of therapeutic drug use, with crystals of drug forming within the renal tract in some people currently being treated with agents such as

text: indinavir

text: sulfadiazine

text: and

text: triamterene

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney: cystinuria, cystinosis, or Fanconi syndrome?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often does the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: crystal-forming substances in their urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: indinavir

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is NOT the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urolithiasis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urolithiasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: inborn errors of metabolism

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: crystal-forming substances in their urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: cystinuria, cystinosis, and Fanconi syndrome

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: drug

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: crystal-forming substances

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: dietary protein restriction.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cystine.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine alkalinization

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal tract

text: The involvement of the kidney can be caused by primary renal parenchymal lesions, or an underlying vasculitis, or another associated autoimmune disease. Actual kidney involvement is quite rare, elevated creatinine levels are reported in approximately 10% of people with RP, and abnormalities in urinalysis in 26%. Involvement of the kidney often indicates a worse prognosis, with a 10-year survival rate of 30%.The most common histopathologic finding is mild mesangial proliferation, that is followed by focal and segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescents. Other abnormalities that are found include glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy and interstitial nephritis. Immunofluorescence studies most often reveal faint deposists of C3, IgG or IgM in the primarily mesangium.

text: The involvement of the kidney can be caused by primary renal parenchymal lesions, or an underlying

text: vasculitis

text: , or another associated autoimmune disease. Actual kidney involvement is quite rare, elevated

text: creatinine

text: levels are reported in approximately 10% of people with RP, and abnormalities in

text: urinalysis

text: in 26%. Involvement of the kidney often indicates a worse prognosis, with a 10-year survival rate of 30%.The most common histopathologic finding is mild mesangial proliferation, that is followed by focal and segmental necrotizing

text: glomerulonephritis

text: with crescents. Other abnormalities that are found include

text: glomerulosclerosis

text: IgA nephropathy

text: and

text: interstitial nephritis

text: . Immunofluorescence studies most often reveal faint deposists of C3, IgG or IgM in the primarily mesangium.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the most common histopathologic finding?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the most common histopathologic finding

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the function of creatinine?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: elevated creatinine levels

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: the kidney, the bladder or the vasculitis?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomerulonephritis with crescents.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesangium.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: vasculitis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinalysis in 26%.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: elevated creatinine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: glomerulonephritis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerulonephritis with crescents.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vasculitis,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Actual kidney involvement is quite rare,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerulonephritis with crescents.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: glomerulonephritis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: elevated creatinine levels

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: primary renal parenchymal lesions,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: primary renal parenchymal lesions,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulonephritis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mesangial

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulosclerosis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulonephritis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Stahl professed an animistic system, in opposition to the materialism of Hermann Boerhaave and Friedrich Hoffmann. His main argument on living things was that there is an agent responsible for delaying this decomposition of living things and that agent is the anima or soul of the living organism. The anima controls all of the physical processes that happen in the body. It not only just controls the mechanical aspects of it but the direction and goals of them too. How the anima controls these processes is through motion. He believed that the three important motions of the body are the circulation of blood, excretion and secretion.

text: Stahl professed an

text: animistic

text: system, in opposition to the

text: materialism

text: of

text: Hermann Boerhaave

text: and

text: Friedrich Hoffmann

text: . His main argument on living things was that there is an agent responsible for delaying this decomposition of living things and that agent is the

text: anima

text: or soul of the living organism. The anima controls all of the physical processes that happen in the body. It not only just controls the mechanical aspects of it but the direction and goals of them too. How the anima controls these processes is through motion. He believed that the three important motions of the body are the

text: circulation of blood

text: excretion

text: and

text: secretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: anima controls these processes.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: decomposition

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: secretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: secretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulation of blood, excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: circulation of blood, excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: decomposition

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: secretion.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three important motions of the body are the circulation of blood,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: circulation of blood, excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Stahl professed an animistic system,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Stahl

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Stahl professed an animistic system,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulation of blood, excretion and secretion.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

text: The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body. The dual function of excretory systems is the elimination of the waste products of metabolism and to drain the body of used up and broken down components in a liquid and gaseous state. In humans and other amniotes (mammals, birds and reptiles) most of these substances leave the body as urine and to some degree exhalation, mammals also expel them through sweating.

text: The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an

text: organism

text: , so as to help maintain internal chemical

text: homeostasis

text: and prevent damage to the body. The dual function of excretory systems is the elimination of the

text: waste products

text: of

text: metabolism

text: and to drain the body of used up and broken down components in a liquid and gaseous state. In humans and other

text: amniote

text: s (

text: mammal

text: s,

text: bird

text: s and

text: reptile

text: s) most of these substances leave the body as

text: urine

text: and to some degree exhalation, mammals also expel them through

text: sweat

text: ing.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the excretory system work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maintain internal chemical homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reptiles

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: most of these substances leave the body as urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: most of these substances leave the body as urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: the urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: amniotes

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: mammals also expel them through sweating.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: internal chemical homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: drain the body of used up and broken down components

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maintain internal chemical homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reptiles)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: sweating.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sweating.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: amniotes

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: amniotes

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The role of osmoregulation—the maintenance of a precise balance of solute and water concentrations within the body—is performed by a number of bodily functions working together. In Phoenicopterus ruber, the kidney, the lower gastrointestinal tract and the salt glands work together to maintain the homeostasis between ions and fluids. In mammals, the kidneys and urinary bladder are the primary organs used in osmoregulation. Birds, however, lack a urinary bladder and must compensate using these three organs.

text: The role of

text: osmoregulation

text: —the maintenance of a precise balance of solute and water concentrations within the body—is performed by a number of bodily functions working together. In Phoenicopterus ruber, the

text: kidney

text: , the lower gastrointestinal tract and the

text: salt glands

text: work together to maintain the

text: homeostasis

text: between ions and fluids. In mammals, the kidneys and urinary bladder are the primary organs used in osmoregulation. Birds, however, lack a urinary bladder and must compensate using these three organs.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: In mammals, the kidneys and urinary bladder are the primary organs used in osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain the homeostasis between ions and fluids

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which is not a primary organ used in osmoregulation?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: descending

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: between ions and fluids

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Where does urine form?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Birds,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Birds, however, lack a urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Birds,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: salt glands

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: lower gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: mammals, the kidneys and urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mammals,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation—the

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: mammals, the kidneys and urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: osmoregulation—the maintenance of a precise balance of solute and water concentrations

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation—the

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: mammals,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Birds,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: mammals, the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the kidneys and urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: mammals,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidneys and urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: mammals, the kidneys and urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the primary organs used in osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The role of osmoregulation—the

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: mammals,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Birds,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt glands

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: lower gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

text: The surgeon will create an incised opening laterally between the known outer borders of the defect, retract the incised opening to the desired diameter, and position the graft to cover the incision. This will form a tunnel, or diversion through the stricture which is 10 mm (optimally) in estimated diameter, to allow for the flow of urine. Using micro surgical techniques, the buccal graft will be sutured in place and fibrin glue applied to the suture line to prevent leakage and formation of a fistula. At this time an appropriately sized  (a) Foley catheter will be inserted through the repair and into the bladder (and connected to a urinary drainage system), and the incision closed (layer by layer). Some surgeons will inject a local anesthetic such as 2% plain lidocaine or 0.5% bupivicaine into the areas to allow the patient an additional period of relief from discomfort.

text: The surgeon will create an incised opening laterally between the known outer borders of the defect, retract the incised opening to the desired diameter, and position the graft to cover the incision. This will form a tunnel, or diversion through the stricture which is 10 mm (optimally) in estimated diameter, to allow for the flow of urine. Using

text: micro surgical

text: techniques, the buccal graft will be sutured in place and

text: fibrin glue

text: applied to the suture line to prevent leakage and formation of a

text: fistula

text: . At this time an appropriately sized  (a) Foley catheter will be inserted through the repair and into the bladder (and connected to a urinary drainage system), and the incision closed (layer by layer). Some surgeons will inject a

text: local anesthetic

text: such as 2% plain

text: lidocaine

text: or 0.5%

text: bupivicaine

text: into the areas to allow the patient an additional period of relief from discomfort.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary drainage system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary drainage

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: foley

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 10 mm

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: diversion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: flow of urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What organ is the Foley catheter inserted into?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: flow of urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bladder (and connected to a urinary drainage system),

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 10 mm (optimally) in estimated diameter,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flow of urine.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: flow of urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 10 mm (optimally) in estimated diameter,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Only the organs specifically used for the excretion are considered a part of the excretory system. In the narrow sense, the term refer to the urinary system. However, as excretion involves several functions that are only superficially related, it is not usually used in more formal classifications of anatomy or function.

text: Only the organs specifically used for the excretion are considered a part of the excretory system. In the narrow sense, the term refer to the

text: urinary system

text: . However, as excretion involves several functions that are only superficially related, it is not usually used in more formal classifications of anatomy or function.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion involves several functions that are only superficially related

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not usually

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion involves several functions that are only superficially related

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion are considered a part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Only the organs specifically used for the excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion are considered a part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion are considered a part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs specifically used for the excretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Only the organs specifically used for the excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Only the organs specifically used for the excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

text: Acidosis inhibits bone osteoblast matrix mineralization with reciprocal effect on osteoclast activation. The combined responses of these cells to acidosis maximizes the availability of hydroxyl ions in solution that can be used to buffer protons. The utilization of bone to buffer even a small percentage of daily acid production can lead to significant loss of bone mass in the course of a decade. Additionally, as the body ages there is a steady decline in renal function. Metabolic acidosis can become more severe as kidney function weakens, and the body will depend more heavily on bone and blood to maintain acid-base homeostasis.

text: Acidosis inhibits bone

text: osteoblast

text: matrix mineralization with reciprocal effect on

text: osteoclast

text: activation. The combined responses of these cells to acidosis maximizes the availability of hydroxyl ions in solution that can be used to buffer protons. The utilization of bone to buffer even a small percentage of daily acid production can lead to significant loss of bone mass in the course of a decade. Additionally, as the body ages there is a steady decline in

text: renal

text: function.

text: Metabolic acidosis

text: can become more severe as kidney function weakens, and the body will depend more heavily on bone and blood to maintain acid-base homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acidosis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bone

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Metabolic acidosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a body organ: bone, kidney, or blood?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Acidosis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal function.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: osteoclast

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bone

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hydroxyl ions

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: renal function.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acid-base homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: decline in renal function.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal function.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: acid-base homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: as the body ages there is a steady decline in renal function.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: as the body ages there is a steady decline in renal function.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a decade.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hydroxyl ions

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renal function.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ages there is a steady decline in renal function.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal function.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: a steady decline in renal function.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: bone and blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Metabolic acidosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal function.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: a steady decline in renal function.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: osteoclast

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: osteoclast

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: osteoclast

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: Blood levels of hormones reflect a balance between secretion and degradation/excretion. The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones; breakdown products are excreted in urine and feces.

text: Blood levels of hormones reflect a balance between

text: secretion

text: and degradation/

text: excretion

text: . The

text: liver

text: and

text: kidney

text: s are the major organs that degrade hormones; breakdown products are excreted in urine and feces.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a major organ that degrades hormones?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a major organ that degrade hormones?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: degrade hormones

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ that degrades hormones?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Blood levels of hormones

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine and feces.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The liver

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: degrade hormones;

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: degrade hormones;

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Blood levels of hormones

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones;

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones;

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: breakdown products are excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: breakdown products are excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The liver and kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: breakdown products are excreted in urine and feces.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The liver

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: There are several functions of the Urinary System:

text: There are several functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing waste enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of urination is normally under conscious control.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: causing the kidneys to stop producing urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: There are several functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: There are several functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: several functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: several functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: There are several functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: There are several functions of the Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Urinary System:

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urinary System:

text: Many scientists believe that Depleted Uranium is the main reason of appearing new disease like new illnesses in the kidney, lungs, liver, and  total immune system collapse. In addition, it has been noticed that the number of abortions higher in the busy area of military operations. Families are afraid to have  babies . Moreover, because of the second Gulf War many new diseases spread in the region. Also, respiratory diseases increased horribly.

text: Many scientists believe that

text: Depleted Uranium

text: is the main reason of appearing new

text: disease

text: like new

text: illnesses

text: in the

text: kidney

text: lungs

text: liver

text: , and  total

text: immune system collapse

text: . In addition, it has been noticed that the number of abortions higher in the busy area of

text: military operations

text: . Families are afraid to have  babies . Moreover, because of the

text: second Gulf War

text: many new diseases spread in the region. Also, respiratory diseases increased horribly.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory diseases increased horribly.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: kidney, lungs, liver, or sweat glands?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes toxins from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: ii.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the liver

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: kidney, lungs, liver, or total immune system collapse?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Uranium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney, lungs, liver,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney, lungs, liver, and total immune system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Depleted Uranium

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Uranium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: abortions

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: Metolazone and the other thiazide diuretics inhibit the function of the sodium-chloride symporter, preventing sodium and chloride, and therefore water too, from leaving the lumen to enter the tubule cell. As a result, water remains in the lumen and is excreted as urine, instead of being reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Since most of the sodium in the lumen has already been reabsorbed by the time the filtrate reaches the distal convoluted tubule, thiazide diuretics have limited effects on water balance and on electrolyte levels. Nevertheless, they can be associated with low sodium levels, volume depletion, and low blood pressure, among other adverse effects.

text: Metolazone and the other thiazide diuretics inhibit the function of the sodium-chloride symporter, preventing sodium and chloride, and therefore water too, from leaving the lumen to enter the tubule cell. As a result, water remains in the lumen and is excreted as urine, instead of being reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Since most of the sodium in the lumen has already been reabsorbed by the time the filtrate reaches the distal convoluted tubule, thiazide diuretics have limited effects on water balance and on

text: electrolyte

text: levels. Nevertheless, they can be associated with

text: low sodium levels

text: volume depletion

text: , and

text: low blood pressure

text: , among other adverse effects.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule cell

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted as urine, instead of being reabsorbed into the bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tubule cell

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lumen

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtrate

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted as urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule cell

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tubule cell

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: thiazide

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtrate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine, instead of being reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule cell.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water remains in the lumen

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: low blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine, instead of being reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: thiazide diuretics

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tubule cell.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: sodium-chloride symporter,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Metolazone and the other thiazide diuretics

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: lumen to enter the tubule cell.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: water remains in the lumen and is excreted as urine,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Metolazone and the other thiazide diuretics

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: distal convoluted tubule,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule cell.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tubule cell.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: tubule cell.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: distal convoluted tubule,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: tubule cell.

text: Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a combination of metabolism, excretion, and evaporation. The relative proportion disposed of in each way varies from person to person, but typically about 95% is metabolized by the liver. The remainder of the alcohol is eliminated through excretion in breath, urine, sweat, feces, milk and saliva. Excretion into urine typically begins after about 40 minutes, whereas metabolisation commences as soon as the alcohol is absorbed, and even before alcohol levels have risen in the brain.

text: Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a combination of

text: metabolism

text: , excretion, and evaporation. The relative proportion disposed of in each way varies from person to person, but typically about 95% is metabolized by the liver. The remainder of the alcohol is eliminated through excretion in breath, urine, sweat, feces, milk and saliva. Excretion into urine typically begins after about 40 minutes, whereas metabolisation commences as soon as the alcohol is absorbed, and even before alcohol levels have risen in the brain.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: breath is eliminated through excretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: breath, urine, sweat, feces, milk and saliva?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: milk and saliva

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: breath,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine, sweat,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine, sweat,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Excretion into urine typically begins after about 40 minutes,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces, milk and saliva.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 95%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Alcohol

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Alcohol

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Alcohol

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: saliva.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: liver.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine,

text: In terms of population health, life expectancy in 2006 was about two and a half years longer in Canada, with Canadians living to an average of 79.9 years and Americans 77.5 years. Infant and child mortality rates are also higher in the U.S. Some comparisons suggest that the American system underperforms Canada's system as well as those of other industrialized nations with universal coverage. For example, a ranking by the World Health Organization of health care system performance among 191 member nations, published in 2000, ranked Canada 30th and the U.S. 37th, and the overall health of Canada 35th to the American 72nd.  The WHO did not merely consider health care outcomes, but also placed heavy emphasis on the health disparities between rich and poor, funding for the health care needs of the poor, and the extent to which a country was reaching the potential health care outcomes they believed were possible for that nation. In an international comparison of 21 more specific quality indicators conducted by the Commonwealth Fund International Working Group on Quality Indicators, the results were more divided. One of the indicators was a tie, and in 3 others, data was unavailable from one country or the other. Canada performed better on 11 indicators; such as survival rates for colorectal cancer, childhood leukemia, and kidney and liver transplants. The U.S. performed better on 6 indicators, including survival rates for breast and cervical cancer, and avoidance of childhood diseases such as pertussis and measles.  It should be noted that the 21 indicators were distilled from a starting list of 1000.  The authors state that, "It is an opportunistic list, rather than a comprehensive list."

text: In terms of population health,

text: life expectancy

text: in 2006 was about two and a half years longer in Canada, with Canadians living to an average of 79.9 years and Americans 77.5 years. Infant and child mortality rates are also higher in the U.S. Some comparisons suggest that the American system underperforms Canada's system as well as those of other industrialized nations with universal coverage. For example, a ranking by the World Health Organization of health care system performance among 191 member nations, published in 2000, ranked Canada 30th and the U.S. 37th, and the overall health of Canada 35th to the American 72nd.  The WHO did not merely consider health care outcomes, but also placed heavy emphasis on the health disparities between rich and poor, funding for the health care needs of the poor, and the extent to which a country was reaching the potential health care outcomes they believed were possible for that nation. In an international comparison of 21 more specific quality indicators conducted by the Commonwealth Fund International Working Group on Quality Indicators, the results were more divided. One of the indicators was a tie, and in 3 others, data was unavailable from one country or the other. Canada performed better on 11 indicators; such as survival rates for colorectal cancer,

text: childhood leukemia

text: , and kidney and liver transplants. The U.S. performed better on 6 indicators, including survival rates for breast and cervical cancer, and avoidance of childhood diseases such as pertussis and measles.  It should be noted that the 21 indicators were distilled from a starting list of 1000.  The authors state that, "It is an opportunistic list, rather than a comprehensive list."

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: American system underperforms

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: colorectal

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many indicators were distilled from a starting list of 1000?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney and liver transplant

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney and liver transplants

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney and liver transplants

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: transplants

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Canada performed better on 11 indicators

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: liver transplants

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: colorectal cancer, childhood leukemia,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 79.9 years

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Canada

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney and liver transplants.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: According to Becky Schlikerman of the SouthTown Star "Other diseases weren't studied." She reported that "officials from the Illinois Department of Health, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency didn't have answers...about kidney disease, gastrointestinal diseases and neurological diseases."

text: According to Becky Schlikerman of the SouthTown Star "Other diseases weren't studied." She reported that "officials from the Illinois Department of Health, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency didn't have answers...about kidney disease, gastrointestinal diseases and neurological diseases."

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastrointestinal

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: didn't have answers

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease, gastrointestinal diseases and neurological diseases."

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney disease, gastrointestinal diseases and neurological diseases."

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastrointestinal diseases and neurological diseases."

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: neurological diseases."

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Dr. Arnaout’s research on the biology and structure of integrins has led to scientific observations that span the entire spectrum from gene discovery to 3-dimensional protein structure to clinical translation. He described an inherited deficiency in leukocyte adhesion in a lead article in the New England Journal of Medicine; defined the biochemical and molecular basis of this disease, which he traced to a deficiency in a family of leukocyte receptors, now known as leukocyte integrins and elucidated the role of these cell adhesion molecules in the immune system. He was also the first to determine the crystal structures of integrins. His molecular and structural studies in integrins were instrumental in understanding the processes involved in organ development, maintenance of organ architecture and homeostasis in the adult, cancer growth and metastasis, and the response of organs to acute and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune injury. For example, in the kidney, integrins are now known to be critical in maintaining the kidney filtration barrier thus preventing loss of blood and proteins in the urine, and also mediate the respiratory distress observed in kidney failure patients when hemodialyzed using cuprophane membranes. Arnaout's current research aims at translating his discoveries in integrin biology and structure into novel and safer drugs for treating inflammatory, thrombotic, fibrotic and autoimmune diseases and cancer, using structure-based drug design.

text: Dr. Arnaout’s research on the biology and structure of integrins has led to scientific observations that span the entire spectrum from gene discovery to 3-dimensional protein structure to clinical translation. He described an inherited deficiency in

text: leukocyte

text: adhesion in a lead article in the New England Journal of Medicine; defined the biochemical and molecular basis of this disease, which he traced to a deficiency in a family of leukocyte receptors, now known as leukocyte integrins and elucidated the role of these

text: cell adhesion molecule

text: s in the

text: immune system

text: . He was also the first to determine the

text: crystal structure

text: s of integrins. His molecular and structural studies in integrins were instrumental in understanding the processes involved in organ development, maintenance of organ architecture and homeostasis in the adult, cancer growth and metastasis, and the response of organs to acute and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune injury. For example, in the kidney, integrins are now known to be critical in maintaining the kidney filtration barrier thus preventing loss of blood and proteins in the urine, and also mediate the respiratory distress observed in kidney failure patients when hemodialyzed using cuprophane membranes. Arnaout's current research aims at translating his discoveries in integrin biology and structure into novel and safer drugs for treating inflammatory, thrombotic, fibrotic and autoimmune diseases and cancer, using

text: structure-based drug design

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney filter wastes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is Arnaout's current research aimed at?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does Arnaout's research involve?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: preventing loss of blood and proteins

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys: maintaining the kidney filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ is responsible for homeostasis?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Dr. Arnaout have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: preventing loss of blood and proteins in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ: the kidney, the urinary system, or the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cuprophane membrane

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: immune system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure patients when hemodialyzed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: preventing loss of blood and proteins in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: cuprophane membranes.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: proteins in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: preventing loss of blood and proteins in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hemodialyzed

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cuprophane membranes.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cuprophane membranes.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemodialyzed using cuprophane membranes.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: filtration barrier

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: The kidneys of fish are typically narrow, elongated organs, occupying a significant portion of the trunk. They are similar to the mesonephros of higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals). The kidneys contain clusters of nephrons, serviced by collecting ducts which usually drain into a mesonephric duct. However, the situation is not always so simple. In cartilaginous fish there is also a shorter duct which drains the posterior (metanephric) parts of the kidney, and joins with the mesonephric duct at the bladder or cloaca. Indeed, in many cartilaginous fish, the anterior portion of the kidney may degenerate or cease to function altogether in the adult. Hagfish and lamprey kidneys are unusually simple. They consist of a row of nephrons, each emptying directly into the mesonephric duct.

text: The

text: kidney

text: s of fish are typically narrow, elongated organs, occupying a significant portion of the trunk. They are similar to the

text: mesonephros

text: of higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals). The kidneys contain clusters of

text: nephron

text: s, serviced by collecting ducts which usually drain into a

text: mesonephric duct

text: . However, the situation is not always so simple. In

text: cartilaginous fish

text: there is also a shorter duct which drains the posterior (metanephric) parts of the kidney, and joins with the mesonephric duct at the

text: bladder

text: or

text: cloaca

text: . Indeed, in many cartilaginous fish, the anterior portion of the kidney may degenerate or cease to function altogether in the adult.

text: Hagfish

text: and

text: lamprey

text: kidneys are unusually simple. They consist of a row of nephrons, each emptying directly into the mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney: Hagfish or lamprey?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: mesonephric duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: drains

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: clusters

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What type of water is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: emptying directly into the mesonephric duct

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Where does urine form?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: higher vertebrates

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: drain into a mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: cartilaginous fish

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: clusters

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys of fish

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: fish

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: drain into a mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: anterior portion of the kidney may degenerate or cease to function altogether

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder or cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mammals).

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mesonephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: One of the main roles of the kidneys in humans and other mammals is to aid in the clearance of various water-soluble molecules, including toxins, toxicants, and metabolic waste.  The body excretes some of these waste molecules via urination, and the role of the kidney is to concentrate the urine, such that waste molecules can be excreted with minimal loss of water and nutrients. The concentration of the excreted molecules determines the urine's specific gravity. In adult humans, normal specific gravity values range from 1.000 to 1.030.

text: One of the main roles of the

text: kidney

text: s in humans and other mammals is to aid in the

text: clearance

text: of various water-soluble molecules, including

text: toxins

text: toxicant

text: s, and

text: metabolic waste

text: .  The body

text: excretes

text: some of these waste molecules via

text: urination

text: , and the role of the kidney is to

text: concentrate

text: the urine, such that waste molecules can be excreted with minimal loss of water and nutrients. The concentration of the excreted molecules determines the urine's

text: specific gravity

text: . In adult humans, normal specific gravity values range from 1.000 to 1.030.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: aid in the clearance

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: specific gravity

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: water-soluble molecules,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: minimal loss of water and nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The body excretes some of these waste molecules via urination,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolic waste.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urination, and the role of the kidney is to concentrate the urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: clearance of various water-soluble molecules,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: aid in the clearance of various water-soluble molecules,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: One of the main roles of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1.000 to 1.030.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1.000 to 1.030.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water and nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: aid in the clearance of various water-soluble molecules,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: minimal loss of water and nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: toxins, toxicants, and metabolic waste.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine's specific gravity.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: M. morganii  can produce the enzyme catalase, so is able to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. This is a common enzyme found in most living organisms. In addition, it is indole test-positive representing this organism can split tryptophan to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia. Methyl red tests positive in M.morganii, an indicator dye that turns red in acidic solutions. Although a rare human pathogen, M. morganii has been reported as a cause of urinary tract infections, nosocomial surgical wound infections, peritonitis, central nervous system infection, endophthalmitis, pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, pyomyositis, necrotizing fasciitis, and arthritis. Numerous cases of nosocomial infection have been described, usually as postsurgical wound infections or urinary tract infections. Patients in whom bacteremia develops are typically immunocompromised, diabetic, or elderly, or have at least one serious underlying disease.

text: M. morganii  can produce the enzyme

text: catalase

text: , so is able to convert

text: hydrogen peroxide

text: to water and oxygen. This is a common enzyme found in most living organisms. In addition, it is

text: indole test

text: -positive representing this organism can split tryptophan to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia.

text: Methyl red

text: tests positive in M.morganii, an indicator dye that turns red in acidic solutions. Although a rare human pathogen, M. morganii has been reported as a cause of urinary tract infections, nosocomial surgical wound infections, peritonitis, central nervous system infection, endophthalmitis, pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, pyomyositis, necrotizing fasciitis, and arthritis. Numerous cases of nosocomial infection have been described, usually as postsurgical wound infections or urinary tract infections. Patients in whom bacteremia develops are typically immunocompromised, diabetic, or elderly, or have at least one serious underlying disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does M. morganii produce?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of urinary tract infections?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: convert hydrogen peroxide to water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What has been reported as a cause of urinary tract infections?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: catalase

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: convert hydrogen peroxide to water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of urinary tract infections?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: pyruvate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: endophthalmitis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pneumonia,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: catalase,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: catalase,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary tract infections,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: catalase,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one serious underlying disease.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: catalase,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: M. morganii

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: catalase,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: M. morganii can produce the enzyme catalase,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: bacteremia

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: M. morganii

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pyomyositis,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: chorioamnionitis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nosocomial surgical wound infections,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: tract

text: Studies on urinary excretion revealed that almost all of the injected butyrfentanyl was excreted or metabolized within the first 3 h after injection, and only very low concentrations were still detectable after 3 h. Urinary concentrations of butyrylfentanyl from animals injected with 15 μg/kg and 45 μg/kg i.v. were measured by two techniques: radioreceptorassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

text: Studies on urinary excretion revealed that almost all of the injected butyrfentanyl was excreted or metabolized within the first 3 h after injection, and only very low concentrations were still detectable after 3 h. Urinary concentrations of butyrylfentanyl from animals injected with 15 μg/kg and 45 μg/kg i.v. were measured by two techniques: radioreceptorassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (

text: GC/MS

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: butyrfentanyl is excreted in the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How does butyrfentanyl get excreted?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a nephron?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: butyrfentanyl

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is butyrfentanyl used for?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: butyrylfentanyl

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GC/MS

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: radioreceptorassay

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted or metabolized

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 15 <unk>g/kg

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Studies on urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Studies on urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: radioreceptorassay

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: radioreceptorassay

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary excretion

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary excretion

text: Laboratory registries allow for the analysis of the incidence and prevalence of the target condition as well as trends in the level of control. For instance, an NIH-funded program called the Vermedx Diabetes Information System maintained a registry of laboratory values of diabetic adults in Vermont and northern New York State in the US with several years of laboratory results on thousands of patients. The data included measures of blood sugar control (glycosolated hemoglobin A1C), cholesterol, and kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein), and were used to monitor the quality of care at the patient, practice, and population levels.  Since the data contained each patient's name and address, the system was also used to communicate directly with patients when the laboratory data indicated the need for attention. Out of control test results generated a letter to the patient suggesting they take action with their medical provider. Tests that were overdue generated reminders to have testing performed. The system also generated reminders and alerts with guideline-based advice for the practice as well as a periodic roster of each provider's patients and a report card summarizing the health status of the population. Clinical and economic evaluations of the system, including a large randomized clinical trial, demonstrated improvements in adherence to practice guidelines and reductions in the need for emergency room and hospital services as well as total costs per patient. The system has been commercialized and distributed to physicians, insurers, employers and others responsible for the care of chronically ill patients. It is now being expanded to other conditions such as chronic kidney disease.

text: Laboratory registries allow for the analysis of the incidence and prevalence of the target condition as well as trends in the level of control. For instance, an NIH-funded program called the Vermedx Diabetes Information System maintained a registry of laboratory values of diabetic adults in Vermont and northern New York State in the US with several years of laboratory results on thousands of patients. The data included measures of

text: blood sugar

text: control (

text: glycosolated hemoglobin A1C

text: cholesterol

text: , and kidney function (serum

text: creatinine

text: and urine protein), and were used to monitor the quality of care at the patient, practice, and population levels.  Since the data contained each patient's name and address, the system was also used to communicate directly with patients when the laboratory data indicated the need for attention. Out of control test results generated a letter to the patient suggesting they take action with their medical provider. Tests that were overdue generated reminders to have testing performed. The system also generated reminders and alerts with guideline-based advice for the practice as well as a periodic roster of each provider's patients and a report card summarizing the health status of the population. Clinical and economic evaluations of the system, including a large randomized clinical trial, demonstrated improvements in adherence to practice guidelines and reductions in the need for emergency room and hospital services as well as total costs per patient. The system has been commercialized and distributed to physicians, insurers, employers and others responsible for the care of chronically ill patients. It is now being expanded to other conditions such as

text: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine protein

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar control

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How does the Vermedx Diabetes Information System work?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is creatinine?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine protein

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cholesterol,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Tests that were overdue generated reminders to have testing performed.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney function (serum creatinine and urine protein),

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In addition, heme degradation appears to be an evolutionarily-conserved response to oxidative stress. Briefly, when cells are exposed to free radicals, there is a rapid induction of the expression of the stress-responsive heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) isoenzyme that catabolizes heme (see below). The reason why cells must increase exponentially their capability to degrade heme in response to oxidative stress remains unclear but this appears to be part of a cytoprotective response that avoids the deleterious effects of free heme. When large amounts of free heme accumulates, the heme detoxification/degradation systems get overwhelmed, enabling heme to exert its damaging effects.In the second reaction, biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase (BVR):Bilirubin is transported into the liver by facilitated diffusion bound to a protein (serum albumin), where it is conjugated with glucuronic acid to become more water-soluble. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.This form of bilirubin is excreted from the liver in bile. Excretion of bilirubin from liver to biliary canaliculi is an active, energy dependent and rate limiting process. The intestinal bacteria deconjugate bilirubin diglucuronide and convert bilirubin to urobilinogens. Some urobilinogen is absorbed by intestinal cells and transported into the kidneys and excreted with urine (urobilin, which is the product of oxidation of urobilinogen, is responsible for the yellow colour of urine). The remainder travels down the digestive tract and is converted to stercobilinogen. This is oxidized to stercobilin, which is excreted and is responsible for the color of feces.

text: In addition, heme degradation appears to be an evolutionarily-conserved response to

text: oxidative stress

text: . Briefly, when cells are exposed to

text: free radical

text: s, there is a rapid induction of the expression of the stress-responsive

text: heme oxygenase-1

text: (HMOX1) isoenzyme that catabolizes heme (see below). The reason why cells must increase exponentially their capability to degrade heme in response to oxidative stress remains unclear but this appears to be part of a cytoprotective response that avoids the deleterious effects of free heme. When large amounts of free heme accumulates, the heme detoxification/degradation systems get overwhelmed, enabling heme to exert its damaging effects.In the second reaction,

text: biliverdin

text: is converted to

text: bilirubin

text: by

text: biliverdin reductase

text: (BVR):Bilirubin is transported into the liver by facilitated diffusion bound to a protein (

text: serum albumin

text: ), where it is conjugated with

text: glucuronic acid

text: to become more water-soluble. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme UDP-

text: glucuronosyltransferase

text: .This form of bilirubin is excreted from the liver in

text: bile

text: . Excretion of bilirubin from liver to biliary canaliculi is an active, energy dependent and rate limiting process. The

text: intestinal bacteria

text: deconjugate

text: bilirubin diglucuronide

text: and convert bilirubin to

text: urobilinogen

text: s. Some urobilinogen is absorbed by intestinal cells and transported into the

text: kidney

text: s and excreted with

text: urine

text: urobilin

text: , which is the product of oxidation of urobilinogen, is responsible for the yellow colour of urine). The remainder travels down the digestive tract and is converted to

text: stercobilinogen

text: . This is oxidized to

text: stercobilin

text: , which is excreted and is responsible for the color of

text: feces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs are responsible for the color of feces?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is biliverdin transported into the liver?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: intestinal cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted with urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is responsible for the yellow colour of urine?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is excreted from the liver in bile?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do humans have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: facilitated diffusion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is responsible for the yellow colour of urine?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted with urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted with urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which organ is responsible for the yellow colour of urine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urobilin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: facilitated diffusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: biliary canaliculi

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glucuronic acid

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: biliary canaliculi

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: transported into the kidneys and excreted with urine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted with urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: bilirubin

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: biliary canaliculi

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: biliary canaliculi

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glucuronic acid

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: biliary canaliculi

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The nervous system is similar to that of other arthropods, including a ventral nerve cord with ganglia in each segment. Although the body contains a haemocoel, there are no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory organs.

text: The nervous system is similar to that of other arthropods, including a ventral nerve cord with

text: ganglia

text: in each segment. Although the body contains a

text: haemocoel

text: , there are no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: haemocoel

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory organ

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory, respiratory, or excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory, respiratory, or excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: haemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: However, many instances of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity cannot be ascribed to "fight" or "rest" situations. For example, standing up from a reclining or sitting position would entail an unsustainable drop in blood pressure if not for a compensatory increase in the arterial sympathetic tonus. Another example is the constant, second-to-second, modulation of heart rate by sympathetic and parasympathetic influences, as a function of the respiratory cycles. In general, these two systems should be seen as permanently modulating vital functions, in usually antagonistic fashion, to achieve homeostasis. Some typical actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are listed below.

text: However, many instances of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity cannot be ascribed to "fight" or "rest" situations. For example, standing up from a reclining or sitting position would entail an unsustainable drop in blood pressure if not for a compensatory increase in the arterial sympathetic tonus. Another example is the constant, second-to-second, modulation of heart rate by sympathetic and parasympathetic influences, as a function of the respiratory cycles. In general, these two systems should be seen as permanently modulating vital functions, in usually antagonistic fashion, to achieve homeostasis. Some typical actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are listed below.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory cycles are a function of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a typical action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: how is urine excreted

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons does each kidney contain

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unsustainable drop in blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory cycles.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: antagonistic fashion, to achieve homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: antagonistic fashion, to achieve homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: respiratory cycles.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: respiratory cycles.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: antagonistic fashion, to achieve homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: standing up from a reclining or sitting position

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: "rest"

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: many instances of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: antagonistic fashion, to achieve homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: permanently modulating vital functions, in usually antagonistic fashion,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unsustainable drop in blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: antagonistic fashion, to achieve homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: respiratory cycles.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: arterial sympathetic tonus.

text: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems have a large number of failure modes that must be addressed with limited resources.

text: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems have a large number of failure modes that must be addressed with limited resources.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: missile system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: failure modes

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: addressed with limited resources.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: limited resources.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: space

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a large number of failure modes that must be addressed with limited resources.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: failure modes that must be addressed with limited resources.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: a large number of failure modes that must be addressed with limited resources.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: failure modes that must be addressed with limited resources.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Aircraft systems,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: failure modes

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Aircraft

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: failure modes

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems,

text: Systems design is the process of defining the  architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could be seen as the application of systems theory to product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of systems analysis, systems architecture and systems engineering.

text: Systems design is the process of defining the

text: architecture

text: , components, modules, interfaces, and

text: data

text: for a

text: system

text: to satisfy specified

text: requirement

text: s. Systems design could be seen as the application of

text: systems theory

text: to

text: product development

text: . There is some overlap with the disciplines of

text: systems analysis

text: systems architecture

text: and

text: systems engineering

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine, sweat glands, or skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does systems design involve?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: satisfy specified requirements

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: systems design

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: satisfy specified requirements.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Systems design

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Systems design

text: The intermediate mesoderm connects the paraxial mesoderm with the lateral plate and differentiates into urogenital structures. In upper thoracic and cervical regions this forms the nephrotomes, and in caudally regions this forms the nephrogenic cord. It also helps to develop the excretory units of the urinary system and the gonads.

text: The intermediate mesoderm connects the paraxial mesoderm with the lateral plate and differentiates into urogenital structures. In upper thoracic and cervical regions this forms the nephrotomes, and in caudally regions this forms the nephrogenic cord. It also helps to develop the excretory units of the urinary system and the gonads.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gonads

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the intermediate mesoderm connect to?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory units

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: intermediate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Why is urine excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the intermediate mesoderm do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory units

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gonads

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretory units

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: intermediate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What does the intermediate mesoderm help to develop

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory units

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephrogenic cord

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does the intermediate mesoderm help to develop?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: caudally regions

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrotomes

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephrotomes

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Nephrotomes

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephrogenic cord

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephrotomes

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: gonads.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephrogenic cord.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephrogenic cord.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory units of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gonads.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The intermediate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory units

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephrogenic cord.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory units of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The intermediate mesoderm

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephrogenic cord.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephrotomes,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephrogenic cord.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: The urinary system, also known as the renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. Each kidney consists of millions of functional units called nephrons. The purpose of the renal system is to eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. The kidneys have an extensive blood supply via the renal arteries which leave the kidneys via the renal vein. Following filtration of blood and further processing, wastes (in the form of urine) exit the kidney via the ureters, tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine towards the urinary bladder, where it is stored and subsequently expelled from the body by urination (voiding). The female and male urinary system are very similar, differing only in the length of the urethra.

text: The urinary system, also known as the renal system, consists of the

text: kidneys

text: ureters

text: bladder

text: , and the

text: urethra

text: . Each kidney consists of millions of functional units called

text: nephrons

text: . The purpose of the renal system is to eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. The kidneys have an extensive blood supply via the renal arteries which leave the kidneys via the renal vein. Following filtration of blood and further processing, wastes (in the form of

text: urine

text: ) exit the kidney via the ureters, tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine towards the urinary bladder, where it is stored and subsequently expelled from the body by

text: urination

text: voiding

text: ). The female and male urinary system are very similar, differing only in the length of the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not part of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal arteries

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal arteries

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate wastes from the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the purpose of the renal system?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: male urinary system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: millions

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal vein

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: eliminate wastes from the body

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: eliminate wastes from the body

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Where does urine form?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephrons

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine) exit the kidney via the ureters,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal arteries

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine) exit the kidney via the ureters,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: (voiding).

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood volume and blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal arteries which leave the kidneys via the renal vein.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate wastes from the body,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulate blood volume and blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: female and male

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: length of the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: millions

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal arteries

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Each kidney consists of millions

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smooth muscle fibers

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary bladder,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: Dydrogesterone and its metabolites are excreted predominantly in urine. Total clearance of plasma is at a rate of 6.4 L/min. Within 72 hours, excretion is virtually complete. DHD is preponderantly present in the urine as a conjugate of glucuronic acid. Approximately 85% of the oral dose is successfully egested from the body within 24 hours.

text: Dydrogesterone and its metabolites are excreted predominantly in

text: urine

text: . Total clearance of plasma is at a rate of 6.4 L/min. Within 72 hours, excretion is virtually complete. DHD is preponderantly present in the urine as a conjugate of

text: glucuronic acid

text: . Approximately 85% of the oral dose is successfully

text: egested

text: from the body within 24 hours.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney: kidney, ureter, or waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted predominantly in urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted predominantly in urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted predominantly in urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not excreted predominantly in urine: urine, glucuronic acid, or plasma?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronic acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Dydrogesterone

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Dydrogesterone

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: egested

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Dydrogesterone

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 6.4

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted predominantly in urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Dydrogesterone and its metabolites are excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 6.4 L/min.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glucuronic acid.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronic acid.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: T. semipenetrans is the only species of Tylenchulidae that are economically important to agriculture. Citrus nematode range from 0.25-0.35 mm long. They have an amalgamated procorpus and metacorpus, distinct isthmus, and a bulb-shaped postcorpus. They are distinct in juveniles. Both the juvenile stages and the adult male stage are vermiform in shape. The male has significantly reduced esophagus and stylet. The posterior end of the female citrus nematode becomes swollen upon feeding. She contains a single ovary and the vulva is subterminal. The female will lay up to 100 eggs deposited in a gelatinous matrix secreted from the nearby excretory pore. The pore is surrounded by small, irregularly shaped lobes; and the excretory duct is directed forward. The rectum and anus are atrophied or absent; non-functional.

text: T. semipenetrans is the only species of Tylenchulidae that are economically important to agriculture. Citrus nematode range from 0.25-0.35 mm long. They have an amalgamated procorpus and metacorpus, distinct isthmus, and a bulb-shaped postcorpus. They are distinct in juveniles. Both the juvenile stages and the adult male stage are vermiform in shape. The male has significantly reduced esophagus and stylet. The posterior end of the female citrus nematode becomes swollen upon feeding. She contains a single ovary and the vulva is subterminal. The female will lay up to 100 eggs deposited in a gelatinous matrix secreted from the nearby excretory pore. The pore is surrounded by small, irregularly shaped lobes; and the excretory duct is directed forward. The rectum and anus are atrophied or absent; non-functional.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: rectum and anus are absent; non-functional

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pore

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys: excretion, rectum, or urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What does the female citrus nematode become swollen upon feeding?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: non-functional

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, rectum, or vulva?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: non-functional.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: non-functional.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectum and anus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: single

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: a single ovary and the vulva is subterminal.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the excretory duct is directed forward.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory duct is directed forward.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: gelatinous matrix secreted from the nearby excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: atrophied or absent; non-functional.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: non-functional.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory duct

text: Circulating water and solutes in the body maintain blood pressure in the blood, as well as other functions such as regulation of body temperature. When salt is ingested, it is dissolved in the blood as two separate ions - Na and Cl. The water potential in blood will decrease due to the increase solutes, and blood osmotic pressure will increase. While the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride in the body, water retention causes blood pressure to increase.

text: Circulating water and

text: solutes

text: in the body maintain blood pressure in the blood, as well as other functions such as regulation of

text: body temperature

text: . When salt is ingested, it is dissolved in the blood as two separate ions - Na and Cl. The

text: water potential

text: in blood will decrease due to the increase solutes, and blood

text: osmotic pressure

text: will increase. While the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride in the body,

text: water retention

text: causes blood pressure to increase.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste: sodium, chloride, or chloride?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excrete excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: chloride

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: chloride

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Blood purification

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water retention

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride in the body,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete excess sodium

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excrete excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride in the body,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: water retention

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water retention

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete excess sodium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the kidney reacts to excrete excess sodium

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium and chloride

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: 1 in 3 American adults are at a risk for developing kidney disease. Over 26 million American adults have kidney disease and they are not even aware of it. Of those individuals more than 661,000 people have kidney failure and 468,000 are on dialysis. Since there is a large population of individuals with kidney failure, there continues to be advancements in technology of artificial kidneys so that more people can have access to treatments.

text: 1 in 3 American adults are at a risk for developing kidney disease. Over 26 million American adults have kidney disease and they are not even aware of it. Of those individuals more than 661,000 people have kidney failure and 468,000 are on dialysis. Since there is a large population of individuals with kidney failure, there continues to be advancements in technology of artificial kidneys so that more people can have access to treatments.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not true of kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: iii.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Over 26 million American adults have kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: artificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Woods test: This is an ultraviolet light with a magnifying lens. Only 50% of M. canis will show up as an apple-green fluorescence on hair shafts, under the UV light. The other fungi do not show. The fluorescent material is not the fungus itself (which does not fluoresce), but rather an excretory product of the fungus which sticks to hairs. Infected skin does not fluoresce.

text: Woods test: This is an

text: ultraviolet light

text: with a magnifying lens. Only 50% of M. canis will show up as an apple-green fluorescence on hair shafts, under the UV light. The other fungi do not show. The fluorescent material is not the fungus itself (which does not fluoresce), but rather an excretory product of the fungus which sticks to hairs. Infected skin does not fluoresce.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands in the skin or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The wastes exit the kidneys through a ureters.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is urine made of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys filter the blood in the body

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory product

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys filter waste from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory product

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: canis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: fungus which sticks to hairs. Infected skin

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Infected skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory product of the fungus

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory product of the fungus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory product of the fungus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory product of the fungus

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: apple-green fluorescence on hair shafts,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory product

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory product of the fungus

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory product

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory product of the fungus

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Infected skin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a magnifying lens. Only 50%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ultraviolet light with a magnifying lens.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: fungus which sticks to hairs. Infected skin

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: skin

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ultraviolet light with a magnifying lens.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Infected skin

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory product

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Infected skin

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Infected skin

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hair shafts,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: canis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Woods test:

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: canis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Squid have three hearts. Two branchial hearts feed the gills, each surrounding the larger systemic heart that pumps blood around the body. Squid blood contains the copper-rich protein hemocyanin for transporting oxygen. The faintly greenish hearts are surrounded by the renal sacs - the main excretory system. The kidneys are difficult to identify and stretch from the hearts (located at the posterior side of the ink sac) to the liver. The systemic heart is made of three chambers, a lower ventricle and two upper auricles.

text: Squid have three

text: heart

text: s. Two

text: branchial heart

text: s feed the gills, each surrounding the larger systemic heart that pumps blood around the body. Squid blood contains the

text: copper

text: -rich

text: protein

text: hemocyanin

text: for transporting

text: oxygen

text: . The faintly greenish hearts are surrounded by the renal sacs - the main excretory system. The

text: kidney

text: s are difficult to identify and stretch from the hearts (located at the posterior side of the ink sac) to the liver. The systemic heart is made of three chambers, a lower

text: ventricle

text: and two upper

text: auricles

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: systemic heart pumps blood around the body

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not located at the posterior side of the ink sac: the hearts, the kidneys or the liver?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney: renal sacs, ink sac, or liver?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ink sac

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does a squid have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which organ is located at the posterior side of the ink sac to the liver?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal sac

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ink sac

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: renal sacs - the main excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: ink sac) to the liver.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ink sac)

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the liver.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: liver.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: copper-rich

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal sacs

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal sacs

text: Northwest Kidney Centers is a regional, not-for-profit community-based provider of kidney dialysis, public health education, and research into the causes and treatments of chronic kidney disease. Established in Seattle in 1962, it was the world's first out-of-hospital dialysis provider. It offers dialysis throughout the greater Seattle area in 15 free-standing clinics, nine hospitals and its home dialysis program.

text: Northwest Kidney Centers is a regional,

text: not-for-profit

text: community-based provider of kidney dialysis, public health education, and research into the causes and treatments of

text: chronic kidney disease

text: . Established in

text: Seattle

text: in 1962, it was the world's first out-of-hospital

text: dialysis

text: provider. It offers dialysis throughout the greater Seattle area in 15 free-standing clinics, nine hospitals and its home dialysis program.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of what?

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is dialysis?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 15

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 15 free-standing clinics,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Renal stem cells are self-renewing, multipotent stem cells which are able to give rise to all the cell types of the kidney. It is involved in the homeostasis and repair of the kidney, and holds therapeutic potential for treatment of kidney failure.

text: Renal stem cells are self-renewing,

text: multipotent

text: stem cells

text: which are able to give rise to all the cell types of the

text: kidney

text: . It is involved in the

text: homeostasis

text: and repair of the kidney, and holds therapeutic potential for treatment of

text: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cell types

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: none

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: self-renewing, multipotent stem cells

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney. It is involved in the homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: all

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Renal stem cells

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: As illustrated in figure 3 the first step is a hydrolysis reaction to N-methyl-N'-(2,4-xylyl)-formamidine, which already can be excreted in the urine but is still pharmacological active. Depending on the dose, the quantity of this metabolite in the urine can vary from 4% at low doses to 23%-38% at high doses (e.g. in case of rats: 1–100 mg per kg body weight).As it isn't excreted it also can be oxidized to 4-N-Methyl-formidoyl)amino-meta-toluic acid, which can be further oxidized to  4-formamido-meta-toluic acid.Form-2,4-xylidine is formed directly by hydrolysis from amitraz or arises from N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine.  During this early stage of biotransformation N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl) formamidine and Form-2,4-xylidine may already form conjugates.But the major route followed after the formation of Form-2,4-xylidine is the oxidation to 4-formamido-meta-toluic acid, which is further metabolized to its acetyl conjugate, 4-acetamido-meta-toluic acid  or 4-amino- meta-toluic acid.4-formamido- meta-toluic acid and 4-acetamido- meta-toluic acid make 32% of the metabolites found in urine and are detected at any administered dose. Therefore, they are considered as two of the major metabolites in the amitraz pathway. Form-2',4'-xylidide and 4-amino- meta-toluic acid account only for 2% of the total excretion.In insects different metabolites are formed. N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,  Form-2,4-xylidine and 4-Amino-meta-toluic acid occur, but in addition several unidentified metabolites were detected, too.

text: As illustrated in figure 3 the first step is a hydrolysis reaction to N-methyl-N'-(2,4-xylyl)-formamidine, which already can be excreted in the urine but is still pharmacological active. Depending on the dose, the quantity of this metabolite in the urine can vary from 4% at low doses to 23%-38% at high doses (e.g. in case of rats: 1–100 mg per kg body weight).As it isn't excreted it also can be oxidized to 4-N-Methyl-formidoyl)amino-meta-toluic acid, which can be further oxidized to  4-formamido-meta-toluic acid.Form-2,4-xylidine is formed directly by

text: hydrolysis

text: from amitraz or arises from N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine.  During this early stage of

text: biotransformation

text: N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl) formamidine and Form-2,4-xylidine may already form conjugates.But the major route followed after the formation of Form-2,4-xylidine is the oxidation to 4-formamido-meta-toluic acid, which is further metabolized to its acetyl conjugate, 4-acetamido-meta-toluic acid  or 4-amino- meta-toluic acid.4-formamido- meta-toluic acid and 4-acetamido- meta-toluic acid make 32% of the

text: metabolites

text: found in urine and are detected at any administered dose. Therefore, they are considered as two of the major metabolites in the amitraz pathway. Form-2',4'-xylidide and 4-amino- meta-toluic acid account only for 2% of the total excretion.In insects different metabolites are formed. N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,  Form-2,4-xylidine and 4-Amino-meta-toluic acid occur, but in addition several unidentified metabolites were detected, too.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2–4

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: amitraz

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Amitraz

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: N-methyl-

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: N-methyl-

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: N-methyl-

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: N-methyl-

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: N-methyl-

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: N-methyl-

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 2%

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: acetyl

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: amitraz

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: N-methyl-

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: 4-acetamido-meta-toluic acid

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: By 1966, health issues forced Fagerquist to withdraw from studio recording altogether. He died from kidney disease January 24, 1974, at his home in California.

text: By 1966, health issues forced Fagerquist to withdraw from studio recording altogether. He died from

text: kidney disease

text: January 24, 1974, at his home in California.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does Fagerquist die?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What happened to Fagerquist after his death?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (b).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: die

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does a kidney have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: bladder, kidney, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Fagerquist to withdraw from studio recording

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: health issues forced Fagerquist to withdraw from studio recording

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease January 24, 1974,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: studio recording

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Arthropod bodies are also segmented internally, and the nervous, muscular, circulatory, and excretory systems have repeated components. Arthropods come from a lineage of animals that have a coelom, a membrane-lined cavity between the gut and the body wall that accommodates the internal organs. The strong, segmented limbs of arthropods eliminate the need for one of the coelom's main ancestral functions, as a hydrostatic skeleton, which muscles compress in order to change the animal's shape and thus enable it to move. Hence the coelom of the arthropod is reduced to small areas around the reproductive and excretory systems. Its place is largely taken by a hemocoel, a cavity that runs most of the length of the body and through which blood flows.

text: Arthropod bodies are also segmented internally, and the nervous, muscular, circulatory, and excretory systems have repeated components. Arthropods come from a lineage of animals that have a

text: coelom

text: , a membrane-lined cavity between the gut and the body wall that accommodates the internal organs. The strong, segmented limbs of arthropods eliminate the need for one of the coelom's main ancestral functions, as a

text: hydrostatic skeleton

text: , which muscles compress in order to change the animal's shape and thus enable it to move. Hence the coelom of the arthropod is reduced to small areas around the reproductive and excretory systems. Its place is largely taken by a

text: hemocoel

text: , a cavity that runs most of the length of the body and through which

text: blood

text: flows.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system has repeated components

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the place of the coelom?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hemocoel

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: through which blood flows

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems have repeated components

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: repeated components

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemocoel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the place of the coelom?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory systems have repeated components

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the place of a hemocoel, a cavity that runs most of the length of the body and through which blood flows?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory systems have repeated components

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemocoel

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemocoel

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nervous, muscular, circulatory, and excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory systems have repeated components.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory systems have repeated components.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive and excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: blood flows.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: muscles compress

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hydrostatic skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: repeated

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory systems have repeated components.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: repeated components.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hydrostatic skeleton,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hemocoel,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Another system maintaining the extracellular fluid volume, peripheral resistance, and that if disturbed may lead to hypertension, is the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Renin is a circulating enzyme that participates in maintaining extracellular volume and arterial vasoconstriction, therefore contributing to regulation of blood pressure. It performs this function by breaking down (hydrolyzing) angiotensinogen, secreted from the liver, into the peptide angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is further cleaved by an enzyme that is located primarily but not exclusively in the pulmonary circulation bound to endothelium; that enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). This cleavage produces angiotensin II, the most vasoactive peptide. Angiotensin II is a potent constrictor of all blood vessels. It acts on the musculature of arteries, raising peripheral resistance and thereby elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also causes the adrenal glands to release aldosterone, which stimulates the epithelial cells of the kidneys to increase re-absorption of salt and water, leading to raised blood volume and raised blood pressure. So elevated renin levels in the blood (normally 1.98-2.46 ng/ml in the upright position) leads to hypertension.

text: Another system maintaining the

text: extracellular fluid volume

text: peripheral resistance

text: , and that if disturbed may lead to hypertension, is the

text: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

text: Renin

text: is a circulating

text: enzyme

text: that participates in maintaining

text: extracellular

text: volume and arterial

text: vasoconstriction

text: , therefore contributing to regulation of

text: blood pressure

text: . It performs this function by breaking down (

text: hydrolyzing

text: angiotensinogen

text: , secreted from the liver, into the peptide

text: angiotensin I

text: . Angiotensin I is further cleaved by an enzyme that is located primarily but not exclusively in the

text: pulmonary circulation

text: bound to

text: endothelium

text: ; that enzyme is

text: angiotensin converting enzyme

text: (ACE). This cleavage produces

text: angiotensin II

text: , the most vasoactive peptide. Angiotensin II is a potent constrictor of all blood vessels. It acts on the musculature of arteries, raising peripheral resistance and thereby elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also causes the adrenal glands to release

text: aldosterone

text: , which stimulates the epithelial cells of the kidneys to increase re-absorption of salt and water, leading to raised blood volume and raised blood pressure. So elevated

text: renin

text: levels in the blood (normally 1.98-2.46 ng/ml in the upright position) leads to hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pulmonary circulation bound to endothelium

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney through a ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: increase re-absorption of salt and water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ACE

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pulmonary circulation

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1.98-2.46 ng/ml

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: increase re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: re-absorption of salt and water,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: epithelial cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (ACE).

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: arteries,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Estriol sulfate, or estriol 3-sulfate, is a conjugated metabolite of estriol that is present in high quantities during pregnancy. It is formed from estriol in the liver and is eventually excreted in the urine by the kidneys. It has much higher water solubility than does estriol. Estriol sulfate is the second most prevalent conjugated metabolite of estriol during pregnancy; 35 to 46% is estriol glucuronide and 15 to 22% is estriol 3-sulfate, while the double conjugate estriol sulfate glucuronide also occurs. Estriol sulfate was a component, along with estriol glucuronide, of the early pharmaceutical estrogens Progynon and Emmenin.

text: Estriol sulfate, or estriol 3-sulfate, is a

text: conjugated

text: metabolite

text: of

text: estriol

text: that is present in high quantities during

text: pregnancy

text: . It is formed from estriol in the

text: liver

text: and is eventually

text: excreted

text: in the

text: urine

text: by the

text: kidney

text: s. It has much higher

text: water solubility

text: than does estriol. Estriol sulfate is the second most prevalent conjugated metabolite of estriol during

text: pregnancy

text: ; 35 to 46% is

text: estriol glucuronide

text: and 15 to 22% is estriol 3-sulfate, while the double conjugate

text: estriol sulfate glucuronide

text: also occurs. Estriol sulfate was a component, along with estriol glucuronide, of the early pharmaceutical estrogens

text: Progynon

text: and

text: Emmenin

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs excrete Estriol sulfate?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Estriol sulfate

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not excreted in the urine by the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: estriol sulfate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Estriol sulfate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Estriol sulfate,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Estriol sulfate,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreted in the urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 46%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver and is eventually excreted in the urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Estriol sulfate,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Estriol sulfate,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine by the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Like other reptiles, dinosaurs are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia via the ureters into the intestine. In most living species, uric acid is excreted along with feces as a semisolid waste. However, at least some modern birds (such as hummingbirds) can be facultatively ammonotelic, excreting most of the nitrogenous wastes as ammonia. They also excrete creatine, rather than creatinine like mammals. This material, as well as the output of the intestines, emerges from the cloaca. In addition, many species regurgitate pellets, and fossil pellets that may have come from dinosaurs are known from as long ago as the Cretaceous period.

text: Like other

text: reptile

text: s, dinosaurs are primarily

text: uricotelic

text: , that is, their

text: kidney

text: s extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream and excrete it as

text: uric acid

text: instead of

text: urea

text: or

text: ammonia

text: via the ureters into the intestine. In most living species, uric acid is excreted along with feces as a semisolid waste. However, at least some modern birds (such as

text: hummingbird

text: s) can be facultatively

text: ammonotelic

text: , excreting most of the nitrogenous wastes as ammonia. They also excrete

text: creatine

text: , rather than

text: creatinine

text: like mammals. This material, as well as the output of the intestines, emerges from the

text: cloaca

text: . In addition, many species regurgitate

text: pellets

text: , and fossil pellets that may have come from dinosaurs are known from as long ago as the Cretaceous period.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion of the intestines

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: extract nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excrete creatine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: uricotelic

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uricotelic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In most living species,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: uricotelic,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: extract nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: their kidneys extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidneys extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: uricotelic,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ureters into the intestine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: extract nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nitrogenous wastes from their bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: uricotelic,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatine,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uricotelic,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Morgan would play in the minor leagues for 15 seasons and batted .301 in 5,273 at bats, but he never made Washington's Major League roster and in 1961 he became a manager in the newly relocated Twins' farm system. Morgan managed for eight seasons in the Alabama–Florida League, Northern League and Carolina League — compiling a won/loss mark of 488–540 (.475) — until he was appointed to the Minnesota MLB coaching staff for 1969. He served as the Twins' first base coach for almost seven seasons, until he was forced to the sidelines by kidney disease in September 1975. Morgan received a kidney transplant during the autumn of 1975, but his body rejected it and he died in Minneapolis, Minnesota, at the age of 47.

text: Morgan would play in the minor leagues for 15 seasons and batted .301 in 5,273

text: at bats

text: , but he never made Washington's Major League roster and in 1961 he became a manager in the newly relocated Twins' farm system. Morgan managed for eight seasons in the

text: Alabama–Florida League

text: Northern League

text: and

text: Carolina League

text: — compiling a won/loss mark of 488–540 (.475) — until he was appointed to the Minnesota MLB coaching staff for 1969. He served as the Twins' first base coach for almost seven seasons, until he was forced to the sidelines by

text: kidney disease

text: in September 1975. Morgan received a

text: kidney transplant

text: during the autumn of 1975, but his body rejected it and he died in

text: Minneapolis, Minnesota

text: , at the age of 47.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys did Morgan have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many years did Morgan play in the minor leagues?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why did Morgan receive a kidney transplant?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: transplant

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: bladder, first base, or Minnesota?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Morgan received a kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney transplant during the autumn of 1975,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease in September 1975. Morgan received a kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Morgan received a kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 488–540 (.475)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease in September 1975. Morgan received a kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease in September 1975. Morgan received a kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: his body rejected it

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: For many PAHs it has been proven that they are conjugated, in phase II, with either glucuronide, sulfate or glutathione. More research on this topic is necessary for benzo[c]fluorene. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of PAH metabolites are generally excreted in the bile and urine.Glutathione conjugates are further metabolized to mercapturic acids in the kidney and are excreted in the urine. The hydroxylated metabolites of the PAHs are excreted in human urine both as free hydroxylated metabolites and as hydroxylated metabolites conjugated to glucuronic acid and sulfate.

text: For many PAHs it has been proven that they are conjugated, in

text: phase II

text: , with either

text: glucuronide

text: sulfate

text: or

text: glutathione

text: . More research on this topic is necessary for benzo[c]fluorene. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of PAH metabolites are generally excreted in the

text: bile

text: and

text: urine

text: .Glutathione conjugates are further metabolized to mercapturic acids in the kidney and are excreted in the urine. The hydroxylated metabolites of the PAHs are excreted in human urine both as free hydroxylated metabolites and as hydroxylated metabolites conjugated to glucuronic acid and sulfate.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: PAHs are excreted in human urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How are mercapturic acids excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How are the metabolites of the PAHs excreted?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not excreted in the bile and urine: Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of PAH metabolites?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: metabolized to mercapturic acids in the kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, bile, or sulfate?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Mercapturic acids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mercapturic acids

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: human urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glucuronide, sulfate or glutathione.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: bile and urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: metabolized to mercapturic acids

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: glutathione.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mercapturic acids

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mercapturic acids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.Glutathione

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Urine contains large quantities of nitrogen (mostly as urea), as well as significant quantities of dissolved phosphates and potassium, the main macronutrients required by plants. The exact composition of nutrients in urine varies with diet.

text: Urine contains large quantities of nitrogen (mostly as

text: urea

text: ), as well as significant quantities of dissolved phosphates and potassium, the main

text: macronutrients

text: required by plants. The exact composition of nutrients in urine varies with diet.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine contains large quantities of nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea),

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: diet.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plants. The exact composition of nutrients in urine varies with diet.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: varies with diet.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dissolved phosphates and potassium,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The exact composition of nutrients in urine varies with diet.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea),

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea),

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urine

text: A study in an Adelie penguin colony found that the tick had alternate periods of feeding and off-host aggregation under rocks. The engorged ticks found an aggregation site with the help of a pheromone released by other ticks. Guanine, the major excretory product of ticks, encouraged assembly. Non-fed stages responded positively to guano and uric acid, excretory products of the penguins, suggesting that these act as a kairomone to help them locate their host. After feeding, the immature ticks’ response to both the assembly and kairomones ceased for a few days until after they had moulted.

text: A study in an

text: Adelie penguin

text: colony found that the tick had alternate periods of feeding and off-host aggregation under rocks. The engorged ticks found an aggregation site with the help of a

text: pheromone

text: released by other ticks.

text: Guanine

text: , the major excretory product of ticks, encouraged assembly. Non-fed stages responded positively to guano and

text: uric acid

text: , excretory products of the penguins, suggesting that these act as a

text: kairomone

text: to help them locate their host. After feeding, the immature ticks’ response to both the assembly and kairomones ceased for a few days until after they had moulted.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the major excretory product of ticks?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the major excretory product of ticks?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penguins

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the major excretory product of ticks?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Guanine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kairomone to help them locate their host.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feeding,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: alternate periods of feeding and off-host aggregation

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Guanine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: pheromone released by other ticks. Guanine,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: uric acid,

text: An infibulated girl may be left with an opening as small as 2–3 mm, which can cause prolonged, drop-by-drop urination, pain while urinating, and a feeling of needing to urinate all the time. Urine may collect underneath the scar, leaving the area under the skin constantly wet, which can lead to infection and the formation of small stones. The opening is larger in women who are sexually active or have given birth by vaginal delivery, but the urethra opening may still be obstructed by scar tissue. Vesicovaginal or rectovaginal fistulae can develop (holes that allow urine or faeces to seep into the vagina). This and other damage to the urethra and bladder can lead to infections and incontinence, pain during sexual intercourse and infertility.

text: An infibulated girl may be left with an opening as small as 2–3 mm, which can cause prolonged, drop-by-drop

text: urination

text: pain while urinating

text: , and a feeling of needing to urinate all the time. Urine may collect underneath the scar, leaving the area under the skin constantly wet, which can lead to infection and the formation of small stones. The opening is larger in women who are sexually active or have given birth by vaginal delivery, but the

text: urethra

text: opening may still be obstructed by scar tissue.

text: Vesicovaginal

text: or

text: rectovaginal fistula

text: e can develop (holes that allow urine or faeces to seep into the vagina). This and other damage to the urethra and bladder can lead to infections and incontinence,

text: pain during sexual intercourse

text: and

text: infertility

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What can lead to infection and the formation of small stones?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: faeces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, urethra, or faeces?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering of blood through a machine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urethra and bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urethra and bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: stones.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: drop-by-drop urination,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: drop-by-drop urination,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: stones.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urethra and bladder

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: faeces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2–3 mm,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: rectovaginal fistulae

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: stones.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: opening as small as 2–3 mm,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urethra opening may still be obstructed by scar tissue.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: drop-by-drop urination,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: infection and the formation of small stones.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: infection and the formation of small stones.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vaginal delivery,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urethra and bladder

text: Humans excrete small amounts of conjugated 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone, a product of tryptophan metabolism, in the urine.

text: Humans excrete small amounts of conjugated

text: , a product of tryptophan metabolism, in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete small amounts of 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (II).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete a product of tryptophan metabolism

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete small amounts of 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: acetophenone

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Humans

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Humans

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Humans

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete small amounts

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete small amounts

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: conjugated 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: In placental mammals, these three systems are more separated. In females, separate orifices have evolved for all three, while in males, a common urinary meatus discharges both urine and semen from the urethra.

text: In

text: placental mammals

text: , these three systems are more separated. In females, separate

text: orifice

text: s have evolved for all three, while in males, a common

text: urinary meatus

text: discharges both

text: urine

text: and

text: semen

text: from the

text: urethra

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: three systems are more separated.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine and semen from the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine and semen from the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary meatus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In females,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine and semen

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: In placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: In females,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: semen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary meatus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: In placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: In placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: separate orifices

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: In placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: discharges both urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: a common urinary meatus discharges both urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: In placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary meatus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary meatus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary meatus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: In placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urethra.

text: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering, the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) has defined three types of systems engineering: (1) Product Systems Engineering (PSE) is the traditional systems engineering focused on the design of physical systems consisting of hardware and software. (2) Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE) pertains to the view of enterprises, that is, organizations or combinations of organizations, as systems. (3) Service Systems Engineering (SSE) has to do with the engineering of service systems. Checkland defines a service system as a system which is conceived as serving another system. Most civil infrastructure systems are service systems.

text: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering, the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) has defined three types of systems engineering: (1) Product Systems Engineering (PSE) is the traditional systems engineering focused on the design of physical systems consisting of hardware and software. (2) Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE) pertains to the view of enterprises, that is, organizations or combinations of organizations, as systems. (3) Service Systems Engineering (SSE) has to do with the engineering of service systems. Checkland defines a service system as a system which is conceived as serving another system. Most civil infrastructure systems are service systems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does waste enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: serving another system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: SSE

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Service Systems Engineering

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Service Systems Engineering

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: SSE

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Service Systems Engineering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: serving another system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Product Systems Engineering

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: software.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Most civil infrastructure systems are service systems.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: conceived as serving another system.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hardware and software.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Service Systems Engineering

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Service Systems Engineering

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: broader scope of systems engineering, the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Most civil infrastructure systems are service systems.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: service systems.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Product Systems Engineering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Consistent with the broader scope of systems engineering,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge

text: Another common type of governmental redistribution of income are direct benefit programs. These programs are also funded by the United States tax payers. Direct benefit programs involve either cash transfers or the purchase of specific services for an individual. By far the largest direct benefit programs are Social Security and Medicare. Unlike subsidies and voucher programs, Social Security recipients receive a direct payment not a voucher that is limited as to what it can buy. Medicare is a government run health insurance program that covers people that are 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD).This is a direct benefit program because the government is directly providing health insurance for those who qualify.

text: Another common type of governmental redistribution of income are direct benefit programs. These programs are also funded by the United States tax payers. Direct benefit programs involve either cash transfers or the purchase of specific services for an individual. By far the largest direct benefit programs are Social Security and Medicare. Unlike subsidies and voucher programs, Social Security recipients receive a direct payment not a voucher that is limited as to what it can buy. Medicare is a government run health insurance program that covers people that are 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD).This is a direct benefit program because the government is directly providing health insurance for those who qualify.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does ESRD mean?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: permanent kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis or a transplant

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: (permanent kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (permanent kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney failure requiring dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: End-Stage Renal Disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis or a transplant,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: direct benefit programs.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD).This

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that are now being found to be related.  As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause (genotype) despite the widely varying set of medical characteristics (phenotype) that are clinically visible in the disorders.  Dandy–Walker syndrome is one such  disease, part of an emerging class of diseases called ciliopathies.  The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary cilia structures of the cell, organelles which are present in many cellular types throughout the human body.  The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often multi-symptom nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases.  Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alstrom syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome and some forms of retinal degeneration.

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many

text: genetic disorder

text: s, both

text: genetic syndromes

text: and

text: genetic diseases

text: , that are now being found to be related.  As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause (

text: genotype

text: ) despite the widely varying set of medical characteristics (

text: phenotype

text: ) that are clinically visible in the

text: disorders

text: .  Dandy–Walker syndrome is one such  disease, part of an

text: emerging

text: class of diseases called

text: ciliopathies

text: .  The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary

text: cilia

text: structures of the

text: cell

text: organelle

text: s which are present in many cellular types throughout the

text: human

text: body.  The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often

text: multi-symptom

text: nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases.  Known ciliopathies include

text: primary ciliary dyskinesia

text: Bardet-Biedl syndrome

text: polycystic kidney

text: and

text: liver disease

text: nephronophthisis

text: Alstrom syndrome

text: Meckel-Gruber syndrome

text: and some forms of

text: retinal degeneration

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: organelles which are present in many cellular types throughout the human body

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephronophthisis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephronophthisis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cellular types throughout the human body.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a dysfunctional molecular mechanism

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: retinal degeneration.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "numerous

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephronophthisis,

text: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures, concrete repair & protection systems, specialty mortars, grouting and anchoring systems, sealants and adhesives, damping and reinforcing materials, structural strengthening systems, steel corrosion protection systems, flooring and wall coating systems, fire protection systems as well as roofing and waterproofing systems.

text: Sika’s product range includes

text: concrete

text: admixtures, concrete repair & protection systems, specialty

text: mortar

text: s, grouting and anchoring systems,

text: sealants

text: and

text: adhesives

text: damping

text: and reinforcing materials, structural strengthening systems, steel corrosion protection systems,

text: flooring

text: and wall coating systems, fire protection systems as well as

entity_name: List of commercially available roofing material

text: roofing

text: and

text: waterproofing

text: systems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: fire protection systems as well as roofing and waterproofing systems.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sealants and adhesives,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: concrete admixtures, concrete repair & protection systems,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: concrete admixtures, concrete repair & protection systems,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concrete admixtures, concrete repair & protection systems,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: specialty mortars, grouting and anchoring systems,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: grouting and anchoring systems, sealants and adhesives,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: sealants and adhesives,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: grouting and anchoring systems, sealants and adhesives,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: damping and reinforcing

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: adhesives,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: sealants and adhesives,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: damping and reinforcing

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: grouting and anchoring

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Sika’s product range includes concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: concrete admixtures,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: grouting and anchoring systems, sealants and adhesives,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: grouting and anchoring systems, sealants and adhesives,

text: The excretory system consists of two pairs of coxal glands connected to a bladder that opens near the base of the last pair of walking legs. The brain is relatively large, and, as in many arthropods, surrounds the oesophagus. In both sexes, the single gonad lies next to the intestine and opens on the underside of the opisthosoma.

text: The excretory system consists of two pairs of

text: coxal gland

text: s connected to a

text: bladder

text: that opens near the base of the last pair of walking legs. The brain is relatively large, and, as in many arthropods, surrounds the oesophagus. In both sexes, the single

text: gonad

text: lies next to the intestine and opens on the underside of the opisthosoma.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: coxal

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pairs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: coxal gland

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: oestrogen

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: coxal gland

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: two pairs of coxal glands connected to a bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: two pairs of coxal glands connected to a bladder

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: bladder that opens near the base of the last pair of walking legs.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: bladder that opens near the base of the last pair of walking legs.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: two pairs of coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two pairs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two pairs of coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: two pairs of coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: bladder that opens near the base of the last pair of walking legs.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: two pairs of coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder that opens near the base of the last pair of walking legs.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: bladder that opens near the base of the last pair of walking legs.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: opisthosoma.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Screening those who have neither symptoms nor risk factors for CKD is not recommended. Those who should be screened include: those with hypertension or history of cardiovascular disease, those with diabetes or marked obesity, those aged > 60 years, subjects with indigenous racial origin, those with a history of kidney disease in the past and subjects who have relatives who had kidney disease requiring dialysis. Screening should include calculation of estimated GFR from the serum creatinine level, and measurement of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in a first-morning urine specimen (this reflects the amount of a protein called albumin in the urine), as well as a urine dipstick screen for hematuria. The GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is derived from the serum creatinine and is proportional to 1/creatinine, i.e. it is a reciprocal relationship (the higher the creatinine, the lower the GFR). It reflects one aspect of kidney function: how efficiently the glomeruli (filtering units) work. But as they make up <5% of the mass of the kidney, the GFR does not tell you about all aspects of kidney health and function. This can be done by combining the GFR level with the clinical assessment of the patient (especially fluid state) and measuring the levels of hemoglobin, potassium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Normal GFR is 90-120 mLs/min. The units of creatinine vary from country to country.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney function?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How does the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) work

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What does the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) tell you about?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomeruli (filtering units)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the primary function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many filtering units make up  5% of the mass of the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: fluid state

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: albumin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cardiovascular disease,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: (glomerular filtration rate)

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: (glomerular filtration rate)

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the GFR

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine dipstick screen for hematuria. The GFR

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: parathyroid hormone

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: first-morning urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: (filtering units)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: (glomerular filtration rate)

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: <unk>5%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: (glomerular filtration rate)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 5%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: (filtering units) work.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine dipstick screen for hematuria. The GFR

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Screening those who have neither symptoms nor risk factors for CKD

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hematuria.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: To excrete nitrogenous waste products, mammals (and most amphibians) excrete urea diluted in water. Such xerocoles have adapted to make their urine as concentrated as possible (i.e. use the least amount of water) to dissolve urea. Desert mammals have longer and more deeply inset nephrons, as well as smaller and fewer cortical and juxtamedullary glomeruli (glomeruli being capillary networks where both fluid and waste are extracted from blood). This in turn leads to a smaller glomerular filtration rate, and on the whole, less water is transferred from the blood to the kidney. The kidneys of desert mammals are also better adapted at reabsorbing water from the tubular fluid: though there are fewer glomeruli, the xerocole has larger juxtamedullary glomeruli than cortical glomeruli (the former playing an important role in concentrating urine), whereas the opposite is true for non-xerocoles. Desert mammals also have longer loops of Henle, structures whose efficiency in concentrating urine is directly proportional to their length. The efficiency of their loops of Henle is augmented by the increased antidiuretic hormone in their blood.

text: To excrete

text: nitrogenous waste products

text: , mammals (and most amphibians) excrete

text: urea

text: diluted in water. Such xerocoles have adapted to make their urine as concentrated as possible (i.e. use the least amount of water) to dissolve urea. Desert mammals have longer and more deeply inset

text: nephrons

text: , as well as smaller and fewer

text: cortical

text: and

text: juxtamedullary

text: glomeruli (glomeruli being capillary networks where both fluid and waste are extracted from blood). This in turn leads to a smaller

text: glomerular filtration rate

text: , and on the whole, less water is transferred from the blood to the kidney. The kidneys of desert mammals are also better adapted at reabsorbing water from the

text: tubular fluid

text: : though there are fewer glomeruli, the xerocole has larger juxtamedullary glomeruli than cortical glomeruli (the former playing an important role in concentrating urine), whereas the opposite is true for non-xerocoles. Desert mammals also have longer

text: loops of Henle

text: , structures whose efficiency in concentrating urine is directly proportional to their length. The efficiency of their loops of Henle is augmented by the increased

text: antidiuretic hormone

text: in their blood.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is water transferred from the blood to the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete nitrogenous waste products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: xerocole

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: longer and more deeply inset

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reabsorbing water from the tubular fluid

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: smaller glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Henle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: mammals (and most amphibians)

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: xerocoles

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: less water

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: less water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: smaller glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: use the least amount of water) to dissolve urea.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: reabsorbing water from the tubular fluid:

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys of desert mammals

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: amphibians)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: longer and more deeply inset nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Desert mammals have longer and more deeply inset nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The kidneys of desert mammals are also better adapted at reabsorbing

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reabsorbing water from the tubular fluid:

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: smaller glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: a smaller glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: xerocoles

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea diluted in water. Such xerocoles

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Henle,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: Hypertension can also be age related, and if this is the case, it is likely to be multifactorial. One possible mechanism involves a reduction in vascular compliance due to the stiffening of the arteries. This can build up due to isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate is related to aging and this results in decreasing efficiency of sodium excretion. The developing of certain diseases such as renal microvascular disease and capillary rarefaction may relate to this decrease in efficiency of sodium excretion. There is experimental evidence that suggests that renal microvascular disease is an important mechanism for inducing salt-sensitive hypertension.

text: Hypertension can also be age related, and if this is the case, it is likely to be multifactorial. One possible mechanism involves a reduction in vascular compliance due to the stiffening of the arteries. This can build up due to isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate is related to aging and this results in decreasing efficiency of sodium excretion. The developing of certain diseases such as renal microvascular disease and capillary rarefaction may relate to this decrease in efficiency of sodium excretion. There is experimental evidence that suggests that renal microvascular disease is an important mechanism for inducing salt-sensitive hypertension.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sodium excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: decrease in efficiency of sodium excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: sodium excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: decreased efficiency of sodium excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: decrease in efficiency of sodium excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: arteries.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: aging and this results in decreasing efficiency of sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal microvascular disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: capillary rarefaction

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: aging and this results in decreasing efficiency of sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal microvascular disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: sodium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: renal microvascular disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal microvascular disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: glomerular filtration

text: It is excreted mostly in feces, but also in urine. Because the main route of excretion is through biliary excretion into the feces, it is mainly the liver that is exposed to oleandrin. As excretion in urine is only a smaller route, the kidneys are less exposed. There is also accumulation in the cardiac tissue, which explains its potential for cardiac toxicity. In mouse studies, it also appeared that oleandrin rapidly accumulates in brain tissue, as it can pass through the blood–brain barrier. The data suggest that other components within oleander extract may enhance transport of oleandrin across the blood–brain barrier.

text: It is excreted mostly in feces, but also in urine. Because the main route of excretion is through biliary excretion into the feces, it is mainly the liver that is exposed to oleandrin. As excretion in urine is only a smaller route, the kidneys are less exposed. There is also accumulation in the cardiac tissue, which explains its potential for cardiac toxicity. In mouse studies, it also appeared that oleandrin rapidly accumulates in brain tissue, as it can pass through the

text: blood–brain barrier

text: . The data suggest that other components within oleander extract may enhance transport of oleandrin across the blood–brain barrier.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main route of excretion into the feces

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiac tissue

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion in urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which organ is less exposed to oleandrin?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: oleandrin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys are less exposed.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: feces,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: oleandrin.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: the kidneys are less exposed.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys are less exposed.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine is only a smaller route, the kidneys are less exposed.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: feces, but also in urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiac tissue,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: mainly the liver that is exposed to oleandrin.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the kidneys are less exposed.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the kidneys are less exposed.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: oleandrin.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: oleandrin.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Normally, in an average adult, the amount of calcium excreted in the urine is 100–250 mg over a 24-hour period.<ref name=foley&boccuzzi>medscape.com > Urine Calcium: Laboratory Measurement and Clinical Utility By Kevin F. Foley, PhD, DABCC; Lorenzo Boccuzzi, DO. Posted: 12/26/2010; Laboratory Medicine. 2010;41(11):683-686. © 2010 American Society for Clinical Pathology. In turn citing:

text: Normally, in an average adult, the amount of calcium excreted in the urine is 100–250 mg over a 24-hour period.<ref name=foley&boccuzzi>medscape.com > Urine Calcium: Laboratory Measurement and Clinical Utility By Kevin F. Foley, PhD, DABCC; Lorenzo Boccuzzi, DO. Posted: 12/26/2010; Laboratory Medicine. 2010;41(11):683-686. © 2010 American Society for Clinical Pathology. In turn citing:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs, respiratory tract, and respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ref name=foley&boccuzzi>medscape.com > Urine Calcium: Laboratory Measurement and Clinical Utility By Kevin F. Foley, PhD, DABCC; Lorenzo Boccuzzi, DO. Posted: 12/26/2010; Laboratory Medicine. 2010;41(11):683-686.  2010 American Society of Clinical Pathology.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Calcium levels.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys filter all of the blood in the body

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 683-686

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water and salts from the blood

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ref name=foley&boccuzzi>medscape.com > Urine Calcium: Laboratory Measurement and Clinical Utility

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ref name=foley&boccuzzi>medscape.com > Urine Water br>

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: calcium excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The only cure for kidney failure is a kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urine Calcium:

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 24-hour period.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: calcium excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine Calcium: Laboratory Measurement and Clinical Utility

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Laboratory Medicine. 2010;41(11):683-686.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2010;41(11):683-686.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: calcium excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine Calcium:

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Lorenzo Boccuzzi,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: 2010;41(11):683-686. <unk> 2010 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Human pollution can be a threat to belugas' health when they congregate in river estuaries. Chemical substances such as DDT and heavy metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium have been found in individuals of the Saint Lawrence River population. Local beluga carcasses contain so many contaminants, they are treated as toxic waste. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls  between 240 and 800 ppm have been found in belugas' brains, liver and muscles, with the highest levels found in males. These levels are significantly greater than those found in Arctic populations. These substances have a proven adverse effect on these cetaceans, as they cause cancers, reproductive diseases, and the deterioration of the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to pneumonias, ulcers, cysts, tumours, and bacterial infections. Although the populations that inhabit the river estuaries run the greatest risk of contamination, high levels of zinc, cadmium, mercury, and selenium have also been found in the muscles, livers, and kidneys of animals that live in the open sea.

text: Human pollution can be a threat to belugas' health when they congregate in river estuaries. Chemical substances such as

text: DDT

text: and heavy metals such as

text: lead

text: mercury

text: and

text: cadmium

text: have been found in individuals of the Saint Lawrence River population. Local beluga carcasses contain so many contaminants, they are treated as toxic waste. Levels of

text: polychlorinated biphenyls

text: between 240 and 800

text: ppm

text: have been found in belugas'

text: brain

text: s,

text: liver

text: and

text: muscle

text: s, with the highest levels found in males. These levels are significantly greater than those found in Arctic populations. These substances have a proven adverse effect on these cetaceans, as they cause

text: cancer

text: s, reproductive diseases, and the deterioration of the

text: immune system

text: , making individuals more susceptible to

text: pneumonia

text: s,

text: ulcer

text: s,

text: cyst

text: s,

text: tumour

text: s, and bacterial

text: infection

text: s. Although the populations that inhabit the river estuaries run the greatest risk of contamination, high levels of

text: zinc

text: cadmium

text: , mercury, and

text: selenium

text: have also been found in the muscles, livers, and

text: kidney

text: s of animals that live in the open sea.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney: liver, kidney, or muscle?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cyst

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: selenium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: immune system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Local beluga carcasses

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: zinc, cadmium, mercury, and selenium

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: immune system,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive diseases, and the deterioration of the immune system,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 240 and 800

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidneys of animals that live in the open sea.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: zinc, cadmium, mercury, and selenium

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: zinc, cadmium, mercury, and selenium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: heavy metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cysts,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: selenium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: DDT

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine. These include the nitrogenous wastes urea, from protein catabolism, and uric acid, from nucleic acid metabolism.  The ability of mammals and some birds to concentrate wastes into a volume of urine much smaller than the volume of blood from which the wastes were extracted is dependent on an elaborate countercurrent multiplication mechanism. This requires several independent nephron characteristics to operate: a tight hairpin configuration of the tubules, water and ion permeability in the descending limb of the loop, water impermeability in the ascending loop, and active ion transport out of most of the ascending limb. In addition, passive countercurrent exchange by the vessels carrying the blood supply to the nephron is essential for enabling this function.

text: The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by

text: metabolism

text: into the urine. These include the nitrogenous wastes

text: urea

text: , from protein

text: catabolism

text: , and

text: uric acid

text: , from

text: nucleic acid

text: metabolism.  The ability of mammals and some birds to concentrate wastes into a volume of urine much smaller than the volume of blood from which the wastes were extracted is dependent on an elaborate

text: countercurrent multiplication

text: mechanism. This requires several independent nephron characteristics to operate: a tight hairpin configuration of the tubules, water and ion permeability in the descending limb of the loop, water impermeability in the ascending loop, and active ion transport out of most of the ascending limb. In addition, passive

text: countercurrent exchange

text: by the vessels carrying the blood supply to the nephron is essential for enabling this function.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste product?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: descending limb

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete a variety of waste products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: passive countercurrent exchange

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: independent nephron characteristics

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ascending loop

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: passive countercurrent exchange

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: passive countercurrent exchange

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ascending loop

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: vessels carrying the blood supply to the nephron

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: passive countercurrent exchange

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: concentrate wastes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: birds

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: independent nephron

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: passive countercurrent exchange

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water and ion permeability

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: countercurrent multiplication mechanism.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Elasmobranchs' ability to enter fresh water is limited because their blood is normally at least as salty (in terms of osmotic strength) as seawater through the accumulation of urea and trimethylamine oxide, but Bull sharks living in fresh water show a significantly reduced concentration of urea within their blood. Despite this, the solute composition (i.e. osmolarity) of a Bull shark in freshwater is still much higher than that of the external environment. This results in a large influx of water across the gills due to osmosis and loss of sodium and chloride from the shark's body. However, Bull sharks in freshwater possess several organs with which to maintain appropriate salt and water balance; these are the rectal gland, kidneys, liver and gills. All elasmobranchs have a rectal gland which functions in the excretion of excess salts accumulated as a consequence of living in seawater. Bull sharks in freshwater environments decrease the salt-excretory activity of the rectal gland, thereby conserving sodium and chloride. The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine, but also play an important role in the active reabsorption of solutes into the blood. The gills of Bull sharks are likely to be involved in the uptake of sodium and chloride from the surrounding freshwater, whereas urea is produced in the liver as required with changes in environmental salinity. Recent work also shows that the differences in density of freshwater to that of marine waters result in significantly greater negative buoyancies in sharks occupying freshwater, resulting in increasing costs of living in freshwater. Bull Sharks caught in freshwater have subsequently been shown to have lower liver densities than sharks living in marine waters. This may reduce the added cost of greater negative buoyancy.

text: Elasmobranchs' ability to enter fresh water is limited because their blood is normally at least as salty (in terms of

text: osmotic strength

text: ) as seawater through the accumulation of

text: urea

text: and

text: trimethylamine oxide

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gills

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin or the rectal gland?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: rectal gland

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: salt and water balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectal gland

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: rectal gland

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does a bull shark have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: active reabsorption of solutes into the blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: trimethylamine oxide

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: rectal gland

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: rectal gland,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: active reabsorption of solutes into the blood.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorption of solutes into the blood.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: active reabsorption of solutes into the blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectal gland,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: rectal gland,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorption of solutes into the blood.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: active reabsorption of solutes into the blood.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: rectal gland,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The kidneys

text: Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system.

text: Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the

text: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter the waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys are part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys remove waste from the body.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The ureters

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: digestive system are also part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: digestive system are also part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Hair cells are the source of the most detailed understanding of mechanosensation. They are present in sensory epithelia of the inner ear and are responsible for the auditory system and vestibular system.

text: Hair cells

text: are the source of the most detailed understanding of mechanosensation. They are present in sensory epithelia of the inner ear and are responsible for the

text: auditory system

text: and

text: vestibular system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a source of mechanosensation?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the source of the most detailed understanding of mechanosensation

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: auditory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smooth muscle contractions

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: auditory system and vestibular system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: vestibular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Hair cells

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Hair cells

text: Excretion

text: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion is a part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What happens after excretion?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is excretion?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does excretion do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Excretion is the process of removing waste from the body.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ten

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is excretion used for?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the function of the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Excretion

text: The body is radially symmetrical.  There is only one body cavity known as the gastrovascular cavity.  This is a primitive gut or digestive cavity with only one opening that is used for ingestion and excretion; there are four long oral arms with crenulated margins that are the primary feeding surface.  Each P. noctiluca medusa has 8 long tentacles that emerge from the umbrella margin. Being radially symmetrical it has no head and thus no centralized nervous system.  The nervous system present is primitive,  consisting of a simple net composed of naked and largely non-polar neurons.  In addition P. noctiluca also lacks a gaseous exchange, excretory and circulatory system. However cnidaria have evolved cnidae, cells which serve for a variety of functions that include prey capture, defense, locomotion and attachment. When fully formed cnidae are called cnidocytes.  When stimulated the cnidae secrete nematocyst toxins that are biological poisons.

text: The body is radially symmetrical.  There is only one body cavity known as the gastrovascular cavity.  This is a primitive gut or digestive cavity with only one opening that is used for ingestion and excretion; there are four long oral arms with crenulated margins that are the primary feeding surface.  Each P. noctiluca medusa has 8 long tentacles that emerge from the umbrella margin. Being radially symmetrical it has no head and thus no centralized nervous system.  The

text: nervous system

text: present is primitive,  consisting of a simple net composed of naked and largely non-polar

text: neuron

text: s.  In addition P. noctiluca also lacks a gaseous exchange, excretory and circulatory system. However cnidaria have evolved cnidae, cells which serve for a variety of functions that include prey capture, defense, locomotion and attachment. When fully formed cnidae are called

text: cnidocytes

text: .  When stimulated the cnidae secrete nematocyst

text: toxin

text: s that are biological poisons.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gaseous exchange

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys do humans have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the primary function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the primary feeding surface of noctiluca?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: lacks a gaseous exchange

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gaseous exchange, excretory and circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: gastrovascular cavity.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cnidocytes.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: gastrovascular cavity.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: cnidaria

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: centralized nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nematocyst toxins that are biological poisons.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion;

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory and circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion;

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gaseous exchange, excretory and circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: gastrovascular cavity.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: gastrovascular cavity.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: cnidocytes.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: one opening that is used for ingestion and excretion;

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: cnidaria

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion;

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: biological poisons.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion;

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cnidocytes.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: gaseous exchange, excretory and circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nematocyst toxins

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Waterless urinals are often installed alongside UDDTs for the convenience of male users. Urinals also reduce the risk that male users standing over the UDDT for urination (rather than sitting or squatting) inadvertently urinate into the feces vault or feces container. It is generally advisable that all UDDT users sit or squat to urinate. If urinals are provided, they can be used for those who prefer a standing position.  Female urination devices are also available but they are not necessary for use with UDDTs as women normally sit or squat to urinate, a good posture which minimises urine from getting into the feces vault.

text: Waterless

text: urinal

text: s are often installed alongside UDDTs for the convenience of male users. Urinals also reduce the risk that male users standing over the UDDT for urination (rather than sitting or squatting) inadvertently urinate into the feces vault or feces container. It is generally advisable that all UDDT users sit or squat to urinate. If urinals are provided, they can be used for those who prefer a standing position.

text: Female urination device

text: s are also available but they are not necessary for use with UDDTs as women normally sit or squat to urinate, a good posture which minimises urine from getting into the feces vault.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Feces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: women normally sit or squat to urinate,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinate into the feces vault

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: women normally sit or squat to urinate,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Female urination devices

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: women normally sit or squat to urinate,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinate into the feces vault

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: feces vault

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Waterless urinals

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces

text: Many studies have been done regarding PMA and its effects on health, specifically with people of serious illnesses such as cancer and kidney disease. Cancer specifically has received a lot of attention since Lance Armstrong, along with other survivors, have given their stories.  People with PMA have a significantly higher chance of survival and recovery. A study comparing people with chronic kidney disease with people kidney disease free showed that there was a significant difference between the groups.  The kidney disease free group rated much higher in PMA.  There was no difference found in spirituality and females with chronic kidney disease were found to be significantly more superstitious.   A study done with HIV-positive individuals found that a high health self-efficacy, a task-oriented coping style, and a positive mental attitude were strong predictors or a health-promoting lifestyle which has a significant effect on overall health (coping and surviving).

text: Many studies have been done regarding PMA and its effects on health, specifically with people of serious illnesses such as cancer and kidney disease. Cancer specifically has received a lot of attention since Lance Armstrong, along with other survivors, have given their stories.  People with PMA have a significantly higher chance of survival and recovery. A study comparing people with chronic kidney disease with people kidney disease free showed that there was a significant difference between the groups.  The kidney disease free group rated much higher in PMA.  There was no difference found in spirituality and females with chronic kidney disease were found to be significantly more superstitious.   A study done with HIV-positive individuals found that a high health self-efficacy, a task-oriented coping style, and a positive mental attitude were strong predictors or a health-promoting lifestyle which has a significant effect on overall health (coping and surviving).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is NOT true of PMA?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: PMA

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cancer and kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: superstitious.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: PMA

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spirituality

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: PMA

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: females with chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidney disease free group rated much higher in PMA.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: PMA

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HIV-positive

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The heart is divided into two equal halves, each with its own auricle, ventricle and aorta. The left and right aorta fuse shortly after leaving the heart, and supply blood to the open circulatory system. There are six pairs of nephridial excretory organs, which empty into the mantle cavity.

text: The heart is divided into two equal halves, each with its own

text: auricle

text: ventricle

text: and

text: aorta

text: . The left and right aorta fuse shortly after leaving the heart, and supply blood to the

text: open circulatory system

text: . There are six pairs of

text: nephridia

text: l excretory organs, which empty into the mantle cavity.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The left and right aorta

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pairs

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mantle cavity

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: six pairs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: aorta

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: empty into the mantle cavity

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: empty into the mantle cavity

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrodilium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: six pairs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: six pairs

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: empty into the mantle cavity.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephridial excretory organs,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridial

text: Northwest Kidney Centers provides free classes on issues related to kidney disease, including nutrition, types of dialysis treatment and kidney transplants. In 2014, more than 1,500 people affected by chronic kidney disease attended a class. The organization also participates in events and health fairs throughout the year, and its nutrition experts not only counsel patients on the role of nutrition in preventing and treating kidney disease, they also contribute articles to professional journals and columns to community newspapers.

text: Northwest Kidney Centers provides free classes on issues related to kidney disease, including nutrition, types of dialysis treatment and kidney transplants. In 2014, more than 1,500 people affected by chronic kidney disease attended a class. The organization also participates in events and health fairs throughout the year, and its nutrition experts not only counsel patients on the role of nutrition in preventing and treating kidney disease, they also contribute articles to professional journals and columns to community newspapers.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers provides free classes

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis treatment

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis machine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dilation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis treatment

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis treatment

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: dialysis treatment and kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nutrition, types of dialysis treatment and kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: preventing and treating kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis treatment and kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers provides free classes on issues related to kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis treatment and kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: dialysis treatment and kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis treatment and kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nutrition, types of dialysis treatment and kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Northwest Kidney Centers provides free classes on issues related to kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney transplants.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Normally, the body produces a hormone that can slow the making of urine. This hormone is called antidiuretic hormone, or ADH. The body normally produces more ADH during sleep so that the need to urinate is lower. If the body does not produce enough ADH at night, the making of urine may not be slowed down, leading to bladder overfilling. If a child does not sense the bladder filling and awaken to urinate, then wetting will occur.

text: Normally, the body produces a hormone that can slow the making of urine. This hormone is called

text: antidiuretic hormone

text: , or ADH. The body normally produces more ADH during sleep so that the need to urinate is lower. If the body does not produce enough ADH at night, the making of urine may not be slowed down, leading to bladder overfilling. If a child does not sense the bladder filling and awaken to urinate, then wetting will occur.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: the making of urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: slow the making of urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Which organs are responsible for making urine?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: slow the making of urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, bladder overfilling, or bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: antidiuretic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Normally, the body produces a hormone that can slow the making of urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: slow the making of urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: slow the making of urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: antidiuretic hormone, or ADH.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: antidiuretic hormone, or ADH.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: antidiuretic hormone, or ADH.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: antidiuretic hormone, or ADH.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: antidiuretic hormone, or ADH.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: slow the making of urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: bladder overfilling.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: antidiuretic hormone, or ADH.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: antidiuretic

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: antidiuretic hormone,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: antidiuretic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP-99-126) is a hormone system of clinical importance. Urodilatin (CDD/ ANP-95-126) is a homologue natriuretic peptide that differs from CDD/ANP-99-126  which is excreted into the circulation via exocytosis. The prototype of the natriuretic hormones is cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP). The endocrine heart is composed of specific myoendocrine cells that synthesize and secrete the natriuretic peptide hormones which exhibit diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties; secretion is the basis for a paracrine system regulating water and sodium reabsorption. Research efforts since the early 1980s have studied their effects on electrolyte homeostasis. When administered intravenously, URO induces strong diuresis and natriuresis with tolerable hemodynamic side effects. Urodilatin is localized in the kidney, differentially processed (involved in the regulation of body fluid volume and water-electrolyte excretion, while circulating), and secreted into the urine. As a consequence, urodilatin is involved in drug development along with the prohormone CDD/ANP-1-126  and cardiodilatin CDD/ANP-99-126. A message for the preprohormone is transcribed in the heart and kidneys from the gene of NP type A, resulting in a cGMP-dependent signal transduction which induces diuresis and natriuresis, differentially processed to a peptide of 32 amino acids from the same precursor as renal ANP, may not be identical to the circulating cardiac hormone ANP. The kidneys produce their own natriuretic 32-residue peptide. Urodilatin renal natriuretic peptide potency equals or exceeds that of Atriopeptin [ANP-(99-126)], the prototype of cardiodilatin. Atriopeptin is only of trivial importance in the regulation of sodium excretion during normal living conditions. Urodilatin is little affected by renal enzymes that inactivate atriopeptin, as the kidney elutes with urodilatin rather than with ANP. The degradation rates of (125I)-urodilatin and [125I]-ANP by pure recombinant NEP (rNEP) were compared. Phosphoramidon, a potent inhibitor of NEP, completely protected both peptides from metabolism by rNEP. Urodilatin, has a four-residue extension at the N-terminus neutral endopeptidase-24.11 (NEP)  plays a physiological role in metabolizing atrial natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide (prohormone) degraded the bioactive peptides at about half the rate though the C-terminal that compete with natriuretic peptides for hydrolysis by neutral endopeptidase.

text: Atrial natriuretic peptide

text: (CDD/ANP-99-126) is a hormone system of clinical importance. Urodilatin (CDD/ ANP-95-126) is a

text: homologue

text: natriuretic peptide

text: that differs from CDD/ANP-99-126  which is excreted into the circulation via

text: exocytosis

text: . The

text: prototype

text: of the natriuretic hormones is

text: cardiodilatin

text: atrial natriuretic peptide

text: (CDD/ANP). The endocrine heart is composed of specific myo

text: endocrine

text: cells that synthesize and secrete the natriuretic peptide hormones which exhibit

text: diuretic

text: , and

text: vasorelaxant

text: properties; secretion is the basis for a

text: paracrine

text: system regulating water and

text: sodium

text: reabsorption

text: . Research efforts since the early 1980s have studied their effects on

text: electrolyte

text: homeostasis

text: . When administered

text: intravenous

text: ly, URO induces strong

text: diuresis

text: and

text: natriuresis

text: with tolerable

text: hemodynamic

text: side effects. Urodilatin is localized in the

text: kidney

text: , differentially processed (involved in the regulation of body fluid volume and water-electrolyte excretion, while circulating), and secreted into the urine. As a consequence, urodilatin is involved in drug development along with the

text: prohormone

text: CDD/ANP-1-126  and

text: cardiodilatin

text: CDD/ANP-99-126. A message for the

text: preprohormone

text: is transcribed in the heart and kidneys from the gene of NP type A, resulting in a

text: cGMP

text: -dependent signal transduction which induces diuresis and natriuresis, differentially processed to a peptide of 32

text: amino acid

text: s from the same precursor as renal ANP, may not be identical to the circulating cardiac hormone ANP. The kidneys produce their own natriuretic 32-residue peptide. Urodilatin renal natriuretic peptide potency equals or exceeds that of

text: Atriopeptin

text: [ANP-(99-126)], the prototype of cardiodilatin. Atriopeptin is only of trivial importance in the regulation of sodium excretion during normal living conditions. Urodilatin is little affected by renal

text: enzymes

text: that inactivate

text: atriopeptin

text: , as the kidney elutes with urodilatin rather than with ANP. The degradation rates of (

text: )-urodilatin and [125I]-ANP by pure

text: recombinant

text: NEP (rNEP) were compared.

text: Phosphoramidon

text: , a potent inhibitor of NEP, completely protected both peptides from metabolism by rNEP. Urodilatin, has a four-residue extension at the

text: N-terminus

text: neutral endopeptidase

text: -24.11 (NEP)  plays a physiological role in metabolizing

text: atrial natriuretic peptide

text: , and C-type natriuretic peptide (

text: prohormone

text: ) degraded the bioactive peptides at about half the rate though the

text: C-terminal

text: that compete with natriuretic peptides for

text: hydrolysis

text: by

text: neutral endopeptidase

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine exits each kidney through a ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Urodilatin

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water and sodium reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urodilatin is localized in the kidney, differentially processed

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the paracrine system regulate?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal natriuretic peptide

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: natriuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The kidneys produce their own natriuretic 32-residue peptide

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: secreted into the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urodilatin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: intravenous

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: hemodynamic side effects. Urodilatin

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cGMP-dependent signal transduction which induces diuresis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urodilatin

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: diuresis and natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water-electrolyte

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: diuresis and natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water and sodium reabsorption.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys produce their own natriuretic

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: preprohormone

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 32

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: diuresis and natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: circulating),

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorption.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The kidneys produce their own natriuretic

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diuresis and natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: natriuresis,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urodilatin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cardiodilatin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: myoendocrine cells

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: Many different types of dry toilets exist. For example, from simple to more complex: a bucket toilet (honey bucket), a tree bog or arborloo (two simple systems for converting excrement to direct fertiliser for trees), a pit toilet (a deep hole in the ground), a vault toilet (which keeps all the waste underground until it is pumped out), a composting toilet (which mixes excreta with carbon-rich materials for faster decomposition), a urine-diverting dry toilet (which keeps urine separate from feces), and the self-explanatory incinerating and freezing toilets. Dry toilets use no, or very little, water; they do not depend on flushing, and so do not produce Wastewater. Some of these devices are high-tech, all the way to the space toilet on the International Space Station, but many are extremely basic; hundreds of thousands of Indian people are still employed as manual scavengers in emptying buckets and pit latrines.

text: Many different types of

text: dry toilet

text: s exist. For example, from simple to more complex: a

text: bucket toilet

text: (honey bucket), a

text: tree bog

text: or

text: arborloo

text: (two simple systems for converting excrement to direct fertiliser for trees), a

text: pit toilet

text: (a deep hole in the ground), a vault toilet (which keeps all the waste underground until it is pumped out), a

text: composting toilet

text: (which mixes excreta with carbon-rich materials for faster decomposition), a

text: urine-diverting dry toilet

text: (which keeps urine separate from feces), and the self-explanatory

text: incinerating

text: and

text: freezing

text: toilets. Dry toilets use no, or very little, water; they do not depend on flushing, and so do not produce

text: Wastewater

text: . Some of these devices are high-tech, all the way to the

text: space toilet

text: on the

text: International Space Station

text: , but many are extremely basic; hundreds of thousands of Indian people are still employed as

text: manual scavengers

text: in emptying buckets and pit latrines.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Dry toilets do not depend on flushing

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine separate from feces

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Dry toilets use no, or very little, water

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Wastewater

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: incinerating and freezing toilets

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excrement

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excrement

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: space toilet on the International Space Station,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine separate from feces),

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine separate from feces),

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine separate from feces),

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Dry toilets use no, or very little, water;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: flushing,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine separate from feces),

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: space toilet on the International Space Station,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: pumped out),

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: space toilet on the International Space Station,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flushing,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: space toilet on the International Space Station,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Wastewater.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine-diverting dry toilet

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Dry toilets

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: space toilet on the International Space Station,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces),

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Dry toilets use no, or very little, water;

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine separate from feces),

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: faster decomposition),

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Dry toilets

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Dry toilets

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: flushing,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pumped

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces),

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Wastewater.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: space toilet on the International Space Station,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Wastewater.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces),

text: Since physical abnormalities can affect all body parts along the midline of the body, many different body systems are at risk of being damaged. Those systems commonly affected are the nervous, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory and reproductive. Typically, those diagnosed with either type of Opitz G/BBB syndrome will also have ocular hypertelorism, or eyes that are excessively spaced apart. Patients will commonly experience physical defects in the larynx, trachea and esophagus and will often cause breathing and swallowing difficulties. Further facial anomalies may occur, such as a prominent forehead, widow’s peak, broad nasal bridge. Those with the disease may also experience hypospadias (urinary opening in males is not at the head of the penis) and developmental delay, as well.

text: Since physical abnormalities can affect all body parts along the midline of the body, many different body systems are at risk of being damaged. Those systems commonly affected are the

text: nervous

text: digestive

text: cardiovascular

text: respiratory

text: and

text: reproductive

text: . Typically, those diagnosed with either type of Opitz G/BBB syndrome will also have

text: ocular hypertelorism

text: , or eyes that are excessively spaced apart. Patients will commonly experience physical defects in the

text: larynx

text: trachea

text: and

text: esophagus

text: and will often cause breathing and swallowing difficulties. Further facial

text: anomalies

text: may occur, such as a prominent forehead,

text: widow’s peak

text: , broad nasal bridge. Those with the disease may also experience

text: hypospadias

text: (urinary opening in males is not at the head of the penis) and

text: developmental delay

text: , as well.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does hypospadias mean?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a system commonly affected by Opitz G/BBB syndrome?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is hypospadias?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Cardiovascular

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: breathing and swallowing difficulties.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: (urinary opening

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: (urinary opening

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: breathing and swallowing difficulties.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penis)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: trachea and esophagus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: head of the penis)

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: (urinary opening

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hypospadias

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: (urinary opening

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: (urinary opening

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: G/BBB syndrome will also have ocular hypertelorism,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: G/BBB

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: penis)

text: This type of flush might be regarded as standard in the United States. Each urinal is equipped with a button or short lever to activate the flush, with users expected to operate it as they leave. Such a directly controlled system is the most efficient, provided that patrons remember to use it. This is far from certain, however, often because of fear of touching the handle, which is located too high to kick. Urinals with foot-activated flushing systems are sometimes found in high-traffic areas; these systems have a button set into the floor or a pedal on the wall at ankle height.  The Americans with Disabilities Act requires that flush valves be mounted no higher than  AFF (above the finished floor). Additionally, the urinal is to be mounted no higher than  AFF, and to have a rim that is tapered and elongated and protrudes at least  from the wall. This enables users in wheelchairs to straddle the lip of the urinal and urinate without having to "arc" the flow of urine upwards.

text: This type of flush might be regarded as standard in the United States. Each urinal is equipped with a button or short lever to activate the flush, with users expected to operate it as they leave. Such a directly controlled system is the most efficient, provided that patrons remember to use it. This is far from certain, however, often because of fear of touching the handle, which is located too high to kick. Urinals with foot-activated flushing systems are sometimes found in high-traffic areas; these systems have a button set into the floor or a pedal on the wall at ankle height.  The

text: Americans with Disabilities Act

text: requires that flush valves be mounted no higher than  AFF (above the finished floor). Additionally, the urinal is to be mounted no higher than  AFF, and to have a rim that is tapered and elongated and protrudes at least  from the wall. This enables users in wheelchairs to straddle the lip of the urinal and urinate without having to "arc" the flow of urine upwards.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: rim

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: foot

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: arcing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: AFF

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: patrons remember to use it.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: flow of urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a button or short lever to activate the flush,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: foot-activated flushing systems

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: , which is allowed to vary within a very wide range of values, before eliciting a corrective ventilatory response.  However, when the atmospheric pressure (and therefore the partial pressure of oxygen in the ambient air) falls to below 75% of its value at sea level, oxygen homeostasis is given priority over carbon dioxide homeostasis. This switch-over occurs at an elevation of about 2500 m (or about 8000 ft). If this switch occurs relatively abruptly, the hyperventilation at high altitude will cause a severe fall in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, with a consequent rise in the pH of the arterial plasma. This is one contributor to high altitude sickness. On the other hand, if the switch to oxygen homeostasis is incomplete, then hypoxia may complicate the clinical picture with potentially fatal results.

text: , which is allowed to vary within a very wide range of values, before eliciting a corrective ventilatory response.  However, when the atmospheric pressure (and therefore the partial pressure of oxygen in the ambient air) falls to below 75% of its value at sea level, oxygen

text: homeostasis

text: is given priority over carbon dioxide homeostasis. This switch-over occurs at an elevation of about 2500 m (or about 8000 ft). If this switch occurs relatively abruptly, the hyperventilation at high altitude will cause a severe fall in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, with a

text: consequent rise in the pH of the arterial plasma

text: . This is one contributor to

text: high altitude sickness

text: . On the other hand, if the switch to oxygen homeostasis is incomplete, then

text: hypoxia

text: may complicate the clinical picture with potentially fatal results.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Context: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: context:

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: elicit a corrective ventilatory response

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the pH of the arterial plasma

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hyperventilation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: carbon dioxide homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: carbon dioxide homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: carbon dioxide homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: arterial plasma.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 75% of its value at sea level,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: oxygen homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 75% of its value at sea level,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliciting a corrective ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: oxygen homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: carbon dioxide homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: hyperventilation

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: carbon dioxide homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a very wide range of values,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: response.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 75% of its value at sea level,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 75% of its value at sea level,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: corrective ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hypoxia may complicate the clinical picture with potentially fatal results.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: oxygen homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 75% of its value at sea level,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: carbon dioxide homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: carbon dioxide,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: arterial plasma.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ventilatory response.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ventilatory

text: In anatomy, the (from Greek - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In humans, the urethra has an excretory function in both genders to pass.

text: In anatomy, the (from

text: Greek

text: - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In humans, the urethra has an excretory function in both genders to pass.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: to pass

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory function

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the (from Greek - ourethra)

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urethra has an excretory function in both genders

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: humans,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urethra has an excretory function

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: In humans, the urethra has an excretory function

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: both genders

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ourethra)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: both genders

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the (from Greek - ourethra)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: anatomy, the (from Greek - ourethra)

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the urethra has an excretory function

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urethra has an excretory function in both genders

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder to the outside of the body.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: In anatomy, the (from Greek - ourethra)

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ourethra)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ourethra)

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: In 2011 the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center did a study to compare the acute health impacts of the spill with the acute health impacts reported from previous spills to  predict health impacts in Louisiana as compared with the health impacts reported from prior crude oil spills. The study reported that "Acute health effects in cleanup workers mirrored those reported in cleanup workers following prior oil spills as ranked by systems (and by symptoms)."  The study advised that affected individuals "will require long-term surveillance for chronic adverse health effects including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, mental health disorders, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders."

text: In 2011 the

text: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

text: did a study to compare the acute health impacts of the spill with the acute health impacts reported from previous spills to  predict health impacts in Louisiana as compared with the health impacts reported from prior crude oil spills. The study reported that "Acute health effects in cleanup workers mirrored those reported in cleanup workers following prior oil spills as ranked by systems (and by symptoms)."  The study advised that affected individuals "will require long-term surveillance for chronic adverse health effects including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, mental health disorders, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders."

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center did a study

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a system: liver and kidney diseases, mental health disorders, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: require long-term surveillance

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: long-term surveillance

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: what is the last organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: systems

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: liver and kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: fetal alcohol spectrum disorders."

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cancer, liver and kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: fetal alcohol spectrum disorders."

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: long-term surveillance for chronic adverse health effects

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cancer, liver and kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cancer, liver and kidney diseases,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: liver and kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The EPG5 human gene is located on chromosome 18q12.3, has a length of 119,67Kb (NC_000018.10), consists of 44 exons and is transcriptionally driven from the centromere toward the telomere. The messenger RNA (mRNA) is 12633bp long (NM_020964.2) and contains a CDS of 7740 bp translated into a protein sequence of 2579 amino acids (NP_066015.2) with a molecular weight of 280kDa, presumed. The protein EPG5 is expressed primarily in the central nervous system (CNS), skeletal muscle, heart, thymus, cells of the immune system, lungs and kidneys.

text: The EPG5 human gene is located on chromosome 18q12.3, has a length of 119,67Kb (NC_000018.10), consists of 44 exons and is transcriptionally driven from the centromere toward the telomere. The messenger RNA (mRNA) is 12633bp long (NM_020964.2) and contains a CDS of 7740 bp translated into a protein sequence of 2579 amino acids (NP_066015.2) with a molecular weight of 280kDa, presumed. The protein EPG5 is expressed primarily in the central nervous system (CNS), skeletal muscle, heart, thymus, cells of the immune system, lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: EPG5 is expressed primarily in the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: EPG5

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is urine made of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the function of the thymus?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: EPG5

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: protein EPG5

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: EPG5

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: EPG5 is expressed primarily in the central nervous system (CNS)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: thymus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: immune system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: EPG5

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 12633bp long (NM_020964.2)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The protein EPG5

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: EPG5

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: immune system, lungs and kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: thymus,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: The vestibulospinal reflex uses the vestibular organs as well as skeletal muscle in order to maintain balance, posture, and stability in an environment with gravity. These reflexes can be further broken down by timing into a dynamic reflex, static reflex or tonic reflex. It can also be categorized by the sensory input as either canals, otolith, or both. The term vesitbulospinal reflex, is most commonly used when the sensory input evokes a response from the muscular system below the neck. These reflexes are important in the maintenance of homeostasis.

text: The vestibulospinal

text: reflex

text: uses the vestibular organs as well as skeletal muscle in order to maintain balance, posture, and stability in an environment with gravity. These reflexes can be further broken down by timing into a dynamic reflex, static reflex or tonic reflex. It can also be categorized by the sensory input as either

text: canals

text: otolith

text: , or both. The term vesitbulospinal reflex, is most commonly used when the sensory input evokes a response from the

text: muscular system

text: below the neck. These reflexes are important in the maintenance of

text: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The term vesitbulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal vesicles

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vestibular

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the term vesitbulospinal reflex?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: canals

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: vesicle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: otolith

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vesitbulospinal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vesicle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: vestibular organs as well as skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: canals, otolith,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: both.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: gravity.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The vestibulospinal reflex

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: otolith,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: vesitbulospinal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: otolith,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vesitbulospinal reflex,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: otolith,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: vestibular

text: The urinary bladder is lined with transitional epithelium. It does not produce mucus. The internal lining of the bladder wall is termed the urothelium and lamina propria, and this layer is thought to regulate some aspects of the overall bladder physiology in response to stimuli such as stretch during filling.

text: The urinary bladder is lined with

text: transitional epithelium

text: . It does not produce mucus. The internal lining of the bladder wall is termed the urothelium and lamina propria, and this layer is thought to regulate some aspects of the overall bladder physiology in response to stimuli such as stretch during filling.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urothelium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys that helps keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mucus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urothelium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: transitional epithelium. It does not produce mucus.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urothelium and lamina propria,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: bladder physiology

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: mucus.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The urinary bladder is lined with transitional epithelium.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mucus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The urinary bladder is lined with transitional epithelium.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate some aspects of the overall bladder physiology in response to stimuli

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: mucus.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The urinary bladder is lined with transitional epithelium.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urothelium

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mucus.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mucus.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: transitional epithelium.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Planaria receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide by diffusion. The excretory system is made of many tubes with many flame cells and excretory pores on them. Also, flame cells remove unwanted liquids from the body by passing them through ducts which lead to excretory pores, where waste is released on the dorsal surface of the planarian.

text: Planaria receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide by diffusion. The excretory system is made of many tubes with many

text: flame cell

text: s and excretory pores on them. Also, flame cells remove unwanted liquids from the body by passing them through ducts which lead to excretory pores, where waste is released on the dorsal surface of the planarian.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the excretory system work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory pores

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ducts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove unwanted liquids from the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: planarian

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: many

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: diffusion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove unwanted liquids from the body

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory pores

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory pores

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory pores

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: dorsal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ducts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: flame cells and excretory pores

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ducts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: flame cells remove unwanted liquids

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: unwanted liquids

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove unwanted liquids

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flame cells

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: oxygen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: many

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ducts

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flame cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: flame cells remove unwanted liquids

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove unwanted liquids

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: waste is released

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Planaria

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ducts

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory pores

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: flame cells

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: flame cells

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: flame cells

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ducts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The excretory

text: Thagard then flew on STS-51-B, the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985, aboard the Challenger. He assisted the commander and pilot on ascent and entry. Mission duration was 168 hours. Duties on orbit included satellite deployment operation with the NUSAT satellite as well as animal care for the 24 rats and two squirrel monkeys contained in the Research Animal Holding Facility (RAHF). Other duties were operation of the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC), Urinary Monitoring System (UMS) and the Ionization States of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Heavy Nuclei (IONS) experiment. After 110 orbits of the Earth, Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on May 6, 1985.

text: Thagard then flew on

text: , the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985, aboard the Challenger. He assisted the commander and pilot on ascent and entry. Mission duration was 168 hours. Duties on orbit included satellite deployment operation with the NUSAT satellite as well as animal care for the 24 rats and two squirrel monkeys contained in the Research Animal Holding Facility (RAHF). Other duties were operation of the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC), Urinary Monitoring System (UMS) and the Ionization States of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Heavy Nuclei (IONS) experiment. After 110 orbits of the

text: Earth

text: , Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on May 6, 1985.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urinary Monitoring System (UMS)

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urinary Monitoring System (UMS)

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: GFFC

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many hours did the Spacelab-3 science mission last?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: IONS experiment

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the GFFC?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fluid flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ: the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell, Urinary Monitoring System, or the Ionization States of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Heavy Nuclei?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GFFC

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: UMS

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: STS-51-B,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Urinary Monitoring System (UMS)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Urinary Monitoring System (UMS)

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urinary Monitoring System (UMS)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urinary Monitoring System

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urinary

text: Sodium is reabsorbed to maintain extracellular volume, osmotic pressure, and serum sodium concentration within narrow limits; potassium is reabsorbed to maintain serum potassium concentration within narrow limits. Sodium pumps in the renal tubules operate to reabsorb sodium. Potassium must be conserved also, but, because the amount of potassium in the blood plasma is very small and the pool of potassium in the cells is about thirty times as large, the situation is not so critical for potassium. Since potassium is moved passively in counter flow to sodium in response to an apparent (but not actual) Donnan equilibrium, the urine can never sink below the concentration of potassium in serum except sometimes by actively excreting water at the end of the processing. Potassium is excreted twice and reabsorbed three times before the urine reaches the collecting tubules. At that point, urine usually has about the same potassium concentration as plasma. At the end of the processing, potassium is secreted one more time if the serum levels are too high.

text: Sodium is reabsorbed to maintain extracellular volume, osmotic pressure, and serum sodium concentration within narrow limits; potassium is reabsorbed to maintain serum potassium concentration within narrow limits.

text: Sodium pump

text: s in the renal tubules operate to reabsorb sodium. Potassium must be conserved also, but, because the amount of potassium in the blood plasma is very small and the pool of potassium in the cells is about thirty times as large, the situation is not so critical for potassium. Since potassium is moved passively in counter flow to sodium in response to an apparent (but not actual)

text: Donnan equilibrium

text: , the urine can never sink below the concentration of potassium in serum except sometimes by actively excreting water at the end of the processing. Potassium is excreted twice and reabsorbed three times before the urine reaches the collecting tubules. At that point, urine usually has about the same potassium concentration as plasma. At the end of the processing, potassium is secreted one more time if the serum levels are too high.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys are there in the body?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain serum potassium concentration within narrow limits

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sodium pumps

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: sodium pumps in the renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: processing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: collecting tubules.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: potassium is moved passively in counter flow to sodium

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Donnan equilibrium,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: twice

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorb sodium.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: serum sodium concentration within narrow limits;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Sodium pumps in the renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excreting water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: thirty

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Sodium is reabsorbed to maintain extracellular volume,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: thirty times as large,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Sodium pumps

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sodium.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Sodium pumps

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: sink below the concentration of potassium in serum

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: collecting tubules.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: thirty times as large, the situation is not so critical for potassium.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting tubules.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: collecting tubules.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: collecting tubules.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: collecting tubules.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Donnan equilibrium, the urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting tubules.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal tubules

text: Adult schistosomes share all the fundamental features of the digenea. They have a basic bilateral symmetry, oral and ventral suckers, a body covering of a syncytial tegument, a blind-ending digestive system consisting of mouth, esophagus and bifurcated caeca; the area between the tegument and alimentary canal filled with a loose network of mesoderm cells, and an excretory or osmoregulatory system based on flame cells. Adult worms tend to be  long and use globins from their hosts' hemoglobin for their own circulatory system.

text: Adult schistosomes share all the fundamental features of the digenea. They have a basic

text: bilateral symmetry

text: , oral and ventral suckers, a body covering of a

text: syncytial

text: tegument

text: , a blind-ending

text: digestive system

text: consisting of

text: mouth

text: esophagus

text: and bifurcated

text: caeca

text: ; the area between the tegument and alimentary canal filled with a loose network of

text: mesoderm

text: cells

text: , and an excretory or osmoregulatory system based on

text: flame cell

text: s. Adult worms tend to be  long and use

text: globin

text: s from their hosts'

text: hemoglobin

text: for their own circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: a blind-ending digestive system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: globins from their hosts' hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: bilateral

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: bilateral

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: caeca

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flame cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory or osmoregulatory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory or osmoregulatory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: esophagus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: caeca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: caeca

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: caeca

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: osmoregulatory system based on flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: osmoregulatory system based on flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulatory system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: globins from their hosts' hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulatory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: bilateral

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: bilateral symmetry, oral and ventral suckers,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: osmoregulatory system based on flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: osmoregulatory system based on flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: syncytial tegument,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: caeca;

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: flame cells.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: globins from their hosts' hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: bifurcated caeca;

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Potassium, the most abundant intracellular cation, is essential for life. An adequate gradient of potassium across the cell membrane is necessary in order to enable excitability of cell membranes. This is particularly important for nerve and muscle function. In humans, mainly the kidneys are responsible for the regulation of serum potassium levels by excreting excess potassium via the urine. As kidney failure progresses, with a consequent decline of excretory function, potassium is likely to accumulate with probable harmful effects on the cellular membrane potential and cardiac arrhythmias as the primary symptom. If the physiological potassium blood level of between 3.8 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L is exceeded, hyperkalaemia is diagnosed. The mainstay of the treatment for chronic kidney disease patients is potassium removal through the dialysis procedure. However, dietary restrictions and pharmaceutical therapy with potassium binders are important complementary treatment options.

text: Potassium, the most abundant intracellular cation, is essential for life. An adequate gradient of potassium across the cell membrane is necessary in order to enable excitability of cell membranes. This is particularly important for nerve and muscle function. In humans, mainly the kidneys are responsible for the regulation of serum potassium levels by excreting excess potassium via the urine. As kidney failure progresses, with a consequent decline of excretory function, potassium is likely to accumulate with probable harmful effects on the cellular

text: membrane potential

text: and

text: cardiac arrhythmia

text: s as the primary symptom. If the physiological potassium blood level of between 3.8 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L is exceeded, hyperkalaemia is diagnosed. The mainstay of the treatment for chronic kidney disease patients is potassium removal through the dialysis procedure. However, dietary restrictions and pharmaceutical therapy with potassium binders are important complementary treatment options.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are responsible for

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not responsible for the regulation of serum potassium levels by excreting excess potassium via the urine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the mainstay of the treatment for chronic kidney disease patients?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: serum potassium levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: potassium removal

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the mainstay of the treatment for chronic kidney disease patients

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are responsible for the regulation of serum potassium levels

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting excess potassium via the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: decline of excretory function

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which organ is responsible for the regulation of serum potassium levels by excreting excess potassium via the urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mainly the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: serum potassium levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: potassium removal

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulation of serum potassium levels

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: mainly the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiac arrhythmias

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 3.8 mmol/L and 5.2 mmol/L

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Potassium,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting excess potassium via the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: decline of excretory function,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: potassium removal through the dialysis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: muscle function. In humans, mainly the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) which causes kidney failure in affected adult cats has an incidence rate of 36–49% in the Persian breed. Cysts develop and grow in the kidney over time, replacing kidney tissues and enlarging the kidney. Kidney failure develops later in life, at an average age of 7 years old (ranging from 3 to 10 years old). Symptoms include excessive drinking and urination, reduced appetite, weight loss and depression. The disease is autosomal dominant and DNA screening is the preferred method of eliminating the gene in the breed.  Because of DNA testing, most responsible Persian breeders now have cats that no longer carry the PKD gene, hence their offspring also do not have the gene.  Before DNA screening was available, ultrasound was done.  However, an ultrasound is only as good as the day it's done, and many cats that were thought to be clear, were in fact, a carrier of the PKD gene.  Only DNA screening and then breeding negative to negative for the PKD gene will produce negative kittens which effectively removes this gene from the breeding pool has allowed some lines and catteries to  eliminate the incidence  of the disease.

text: Polycystic kidney disease

text: (PKD) which causes kidney failure in affected adult cats has an incidence rate of 36–49% in the Persian breed. Cysts develop and grow in the kidney over time, replacing kidney tissues and enlarging the kidney. Kidney failure develops later in life, at an average age of 7 years old (ranging from 3 to 10 years old). Symptoms include excessive drinking and urination, reduced appetite, weight loss and depression. The disease is

text: autosomal dominant

text: and DNA screening is the preferred method of eliminating the gene in the breed.  Because of DNA testing, most responsible Persian breeders now have cats that no longer carry the PKD gene, hence their offspring also do not have the gene.  Before DNA screening was available, ultrasound was done.  However, an ultrasound is only as good as the day it's done, and many cats that were thought to be clear, were in fact, a carrier of the PKD gene.  Only DNA screening and then breeding negative to negative for the PKD gene will produce negative kittens which effectively removes this gene from the breeding pool has allowed some lines and catteries to  eliminate the incidence  of the disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: appetite

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Cyst

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excessive drinking and urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of Polycystic kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Cyst

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ultrasound

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: appetite,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: replacing kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: replacing kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: appetite,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ultrasound was done. However, an ultrasound

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney over time, replacing kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: replacing kidney tissues

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: later in life,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney over time, replacing kidney tissues and enlarging the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: DNA screening

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney over time, replacing kidney tissues and enlarging the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ultrasound

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Many African Americans are descendants of people of West African nations and consequently, also have a high prevalence of APOL1 risk alleles as well as APOL1 associated kidney diseases. The frequency of the risk alleles in African Americans is more than 30%. The existence of these alleles has been shown to increase the risk of developing diseases such as Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS), Hypertension Attributed-End Stage Kidney Disease, and HIV-Associated Nephropathy(HIVAN). The prevalence of the risk alleles in African Americans with these kidney diseases shown in recent studies are 67% in HIVAN, 66% in FSGS, and 47% in hypertension-attributed ESKD. Studies have also determined the prevalence of each individual allele in FSGS cases as well. The prevalence of the G1 risk allele in African Americans with FSGS is 52% and 18-23% in those without FSGS.  The prevalence of the G2 risk allele in African Americans with FSGS is 23% and 15% in those without FSGS. Hispanic populations such as Dominicans and Puerto Ricans demonstrate a mixture of genetic influences that include African ancestry resulting in a prevalence of the APOL1 variants as well.

text: Many African Americans are descendants of people of West African nations and consequently, also have a high prevalence of APOL1 risk alleles as well as APOL1 associated kidney diseases. The frequency of the risk alleles in African Americans is more than 30%. The existence of these alleles has been shown to increase the risk of developing diseases such as

text: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

text: (FSGS), Hypertension Attributed-End Stage Kidney Disease, and

text: HIV-Associated Nephropathy

text: (HIVAN). The prevalence of the risk alleles in African Americans with these kidney diseases shown in recent studies are 67% in HIVAN, 66% in FSGS, and 47% in hypertension-attributed ESKD. Studies have also determined the prevalence of each individual allele in FSGS cases as well. The prevalence of the G1 risk allele in African Americans with FSGS is 52% and 18-23% in those without FSGS.  The prevalence of the G2 risk allele in African Americans with FSGS is 23% and 15% in those without FSGS. Hispanic populations such as Dominicans and Puerto Ricans demonstrate a mixture of genetic influences that include African ancestry resulting in a prevalence of the APOL1 variants as well.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: G1 risk allele in African Americans is

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney disease: HIVAN, FSGS, or HIVAN?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney disease: HIVAN, FSGS, or HIVAN?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do African Americans have?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do African Americans have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: HIVAN

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: end stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney disease: HIVAN, FSGS, or FSGS?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HIVAN

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Glomerulosclerosis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Attributed-End Stage Kidney Disease, and HIV-Associated Nephropathy(HIVAN).

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 30%.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Hypertension

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 30%.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 30%.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: HIV-Associated Nephropathy(HIVAN).

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: APOL1 associated kidney diseases.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: HIV-Associated Nephropathy(HIVAN).

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Hypertension Attributed-End Stage Kidney Disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HIV-Associated Nephropathy(HIVAN).

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS),

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The kidney failure in hepatorenal syndrome is believed to arise from abnormalities in blood vessel tone in the kidneys. The predominant theory (termed the underfill theory) is that blood vessels in the kidney circulation are constricted because of the dilation of blood vessels in the splanchnic circulation (which supplies the intestines), which is mediated by factors released by liver disease. Nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and other vasoactive substances have been hypothesized as powerful mediators of splanchnic vasodilation in cirrhosis. The consequence of this phenomenon is a decrease in the "effective" volume of blood sensed by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, leading to the secretion of renin and the activation of the renin–angiotensin system, which results in the vasoconstriction of vessels systemically and in the kidney specifically. However, the effect of this is insufficient to counteract the mediators of vasodilation in the splanchnic circulation, leading to persistent "underfilling" of the kidney circulation and worsening kidney vasoconstriction, leading to kidney failure.

text: The

text: kidney failure

text: in hepatorenal syndrome is believed to arise from abnormalities in

text: blood vessel

text: tone in the kidneys. The predominant theory (termed the underfill theory) is that blood vessels in the kidney circulation are constricted because of the dilation of blood vessels in the

text: splanchnic circulation

text: (which supplies the

text: intestines

text: ), which is mediated by factors released by liver disease.

text: Nitric oxide

text: prostaglandins

text: , and other vasoactive substances have been hypothesized as powerful mediators of splanchnic vasodilation in cirrhosis. The consequence of this phenomenon is a decrease in the "effective" volume of blood sensed by the

text: juxtaglomerular apparatus

text: , leading to the secretion of

text: renin

text: and the activation of the

text: renin–angiotensin system

text: , which results in the vasoconstriction of vessels systemically and in the kidney specifically. However, the effect of this is insufficient to counteract the mediators of vasodilation in the splanchnic circulation, leading to persistent "underfilling" of the kidney circulation and worsening kidney vasoconstriction, leading to kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: splanchnic circulation

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood vessel tone

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nitric oxide

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: blood vessel tone

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: splanchnic circulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: splanchnic circulation

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: intestines),

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: splanchnic circulation

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The kidney failure in hepatorenal syndrome

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: blood vessel tone in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood vessel tone

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: intestines),

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidney failure in hepatorenal syndrome

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: blood vessel tone

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: worsening kidney vasoconstriction,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: underfill theory)

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: juxtaglomerular apparatus,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: juxtaglomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Currently, there are HIFU systems approved to treat uterine fibroids, pain from bone metastases and the prostate in Asia, Canada, Europe, Israel, Latin America and the United States. There is regulatory approval to treat a range of cancers, including breast, kidney, liver, the pancreas and soft tissue sarcoma in Europe and Asia. There is a brain system approved in Europe, Korea and Russia to treat essential tremor, Parkinsonian tremor and neuropathic pain. Non-image guided HIFU devices may be marketed for cosmetic purposes (typically for body fat reduction) in some jurisdictions.

text: Currently, there are HIFU systems approved to treat

text: uterine fibroids

text: , pain from bone metastases and the prostate in Asia, Canada, Europe, Israel, Latin America and the United States. There is regulatory approval to treat a range of cancers, including breast, kidney, liver, the pancreas and soft tissue sarcoma in Europe and Asia. There is a brain system approved in Europe, Korea and Russia to treat essential tremor, Parkinsonian tremor and neuropathic pain. Non-image guided HIFU devices may be marketed for cosmetic purposes (typically for body fat reduction) in some jurisdictions.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: uterine fibroids

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treat a range of cancers

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cancer?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HIFU

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cancers, including breast, kidney, liver, the pancreas

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: breast, kidney, liver, the pancreas

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney, liver, the pancreas

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney, liver,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Non-image guided HIFU devices may be marketed for cosmetic purposes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cancers,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: HIFU

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: breast, kidney, liver, the pancreas

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney, liver, the pancreas

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: HIFU systems

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: breast, kidney,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney, liver, the pancreas

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: cancers,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Europe, Israel, Latin America and the United States.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HIFU

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney, liver, the pancreas

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: The way they prison gangs consolidate and maintain power is also comparable to how actors behave in Charles Tilly's predatory theory of state building model. Prison gangs engage in "war making," or monopolizing on force and occupying the power vacuum of state authority. They eliminate rivals (in the US mostly along racial lines) within their territories, and in doing so they carry out "state making." Gangs offer protection to their members, affiliates, and clients. They also extract or collect taxes from client gangs and those in the trade to maintain and expand their system.

text: The way they prison gangs consolidate and maintain power is also comparable to how actors behave in

text: Charles Tilly

text: 's predatory theory of state building model. Prison gangs engage in "war making," or monopolizing on force and occupying the power vacuum of state authority. They eliminate rivals (in the US mostly along racial lines) within their territories, and in doing so they carry out "state making." Gangs offer protection to their members, affiliates, and clients. They also extract or collect taxes from client gangs and those in the trade to maintain and expand their system.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does Charles Tilly's predatory theory of state building model mean

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate rivals

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Charles Tilly

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: They eliminate rivals

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: "war making,"

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: "war making,"

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The way they prison gangs consolidate and maintain power

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate rivals

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: They eliminate rivals

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: occupying the power vacuum of state authority. They eliminate rivals

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: comparable to how actors behave in Charles Tilly's

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: force

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: "war making,"

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: "war making,"

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The way they prison gangs

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: occupying the power vacuum of state authority. They eliminate rivals

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: "war making,"

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: "war making,"

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Charles Tilly's

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: occupying the power vacuum of state authority. They eliminate rivals

text: In addition to RBPs' functions in germline development, post-transcriptional control also plays a significant role in somatic development. Differing from RBPs that are involved in germline and early embryo development, RBPs functioning in somatic development regulate tissue-specific alternative splicing of the mRNA targets. For instance, MEC-8 and UNC-75 containing RRM domains localize to regions of hypodermis and nervous system, respectively. Furthermore, another RRM-containing RBP, EXC-7, is revealed to localize in embryonic excretory canal cells and throughout the nervous system during somatic development.

text: In addition to RBPs' functions in germline development, post-transcriptional control also plays a significant role in somatic development. Differing from RBPs that are involved in germline and early embryo development, RBPs functioning in somatic development regulate tissue-specific alternative splicing of the mRNA targets. For instance, MEC-8 and UNC-75 containing RRM domains localize to regions of hypodermis and nervous system, respectively. Furthermore, another RRM-containing RBP, EXC-7, is revealed to localize in embryonic excretory canal cells and throughout the nervous system during somatic development.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of urination is normally under conscious control.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: somatic development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: UNC-75

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: post-transcriptional control

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: tissue-specific alternative splicing of the mRNA targets.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: RBPs'

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: UNC-75

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: UNC-75

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: somatic development.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: RBPs'

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: MEC-8 and UNC-75

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: UNC-75

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory canal cells

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory canal

text: The most common cause of polyuria in both adults and children is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, which causes  osmotic diuresis, when glucose levels are so high that glucose is excreted in the urine. Water follows the glucose concentration passively, leading to abnormally high urine output. In the absence of diabetes mellitus, the most common causes are decreased secretion of aldosterone due to adrenal cortical tumor, primary polydipsia (excessive fluid drinking), central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Polyuria may also be due to various chemical substances, such as diuretics, caffeine, and ethanol. It may also occur after supraventricular tachycardias, during an onset of atrial fibrillation, childbirth, and the removal of an obstruction within the urinary tract. Diuresis is controlled by antidiuretics such as vasopressin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Cold diuresis is the occurrence of increased urine production on exposure to cold, which also partially explains immersion diuresis. High-altitude diuresis occurs at altitudes above  and is a desirable indicator of adaptation to high altitudes. Mountaineers who are adapting well to high altitudes experience this type of diuresis. Persons who produce less urine even in the presence of adequate fluid intake are probably not adapting well to altitude.

text: The most common cause of polyuria in both adults and children is uncontrolled

text: diabetes mellitus

text: , which causes

text: osmotic diuresis

text: , when glucose levels are so high that glucose is excreted in the urine. Water follows the glucose concentration passively, leading to abnormally high urine output. In the absence of diabetes mellitus, the most common causes are decreased secretion of aldosterone due to adrenal cortical tumor,

text: primary polydipsia

text: (excessive fluid

text: drinking

text: central diabetes insipidus

text: and

text: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

text: . Polyuria may also be due to various chemical substances, such as

text: diuretic

text: s,

text: caffeine

text: , and

text: ethanol

text: . It may also occur after

text: supraventricular tachycardia

text: s, during an onset of

text: atrial fibrillation

text: childbirth

text: , and the removal of an obstruction within the

text: urinary tract

text: . Diuresis is controlled by

text: antidiuretic

text: s such as

text: vasopressin

text: angiotensin II

text: and

text: aldosterone

text: . Cold diuresis is the occurrence of increased urine production on exposure to cold, which also partially explains

text: immersion diuresis

text: . High-altitude diuresis occurs at altitudes above  and is a desirable indicator of

text: adaptation to high altitudes

text: . Mountaineers who are adapting well to high altitudes experience this type of diuresis. Persons who produce less urine even in the presence of adequate fluid intake are probably not adapting well to altitude.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the most common cause of polyuria in both adults and children

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes an obstruction within the urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: adrenal cortex tumor

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Diuresis is controlled by antidiuretics

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: osmotic diuresis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polyuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Water follows the glucose concentration passively,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: antidiuretics

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Diuresis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removal of an obstruction within the urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: adrenal cortical tumor,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: obstruction within the urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Water follows the glucose concentration passively,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: antidiuretics

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: osmotic diuresis,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: aldosterone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: immersion diuresis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: tract.

text: The conditions Eve has waited for have arrived; she has found the perfect host in the body of Kiyomi Nagishima. At the start of the book, Eve is the mitochondria in Kiyomi's body. She causes Kiyomi to crash her car; Kiyomi survives but is brain dead. Kiyomi's husband is Toshiaki, a research assistant teaching and researching biological science. Eve influences Toshiaki and a doctor to ensure that one of Kiyomi's kidneys is transplanted into the teenage girl Mariko Anzai as an organ donation. As part of Kiyomi's body, the kidney is also a part of Eve; this prepares Mariko to be a suitable host for giving birth to mitochondrial life, as her immune system would otherwise rebel.

text: The conditions Eve has waited for have arrived; she has found the perfect host in the body of Kiyomi Nagishima. At the start of the book, Eve is the mitochondria in Kiyomi's body. She causes Kiyomi to crash her car; Kiyomi survives but is

text: brain dead

text: . Kiyomi's husband is Toshiaki, a

text: research

text: assistant teaching and researching biological

text: science

text: . Eve influences Toshiaki and a

text: doctor

text: to ensure that one of Kiyomi's kidneys is transplanted into the teenage girl Mariko Anzai as an organ donation. As part of Kiyomi's body, the kidney is also a part of Eve; this prepares Mariko to be a suitable host for giving birth to mitochondrial life, as her

text: immune system

text: would otherwise rebel.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney is also a part of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organ is transplanted into the teenage girl Mariko Anzai as an organ donation?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does Kiyomi's husband teach?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does Kiyomi's husband do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: as her immune system would otherwise rebel

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: transplanted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of Kiyomi's body organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: What is the only cure for kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Mitochondrion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Toshiaki

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: mitochondrial life, as her immune system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys is transplanted into the teenage girl Mariko Anzai

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: mitochondrial life,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys is transplanted into the teenage girl Mariko Anzai

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: one of Kiyomi's kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: mitochondrial

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: mitochondrial life,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: mitochondrial life,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: one of Kiyomi's kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mitochondrial

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mitochondrial

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Ampicillin/sulbactam has poor absorption when given orally.  The two drugs have similar pharmacokinetic profiles that appear unchanged when given together. Ampicillin and sulbactam are both hydrophilic antibiotics and have a volume of distribution (Vd) similar to the volume of extra-cellular body water. The volume that the drug distributes throughout in healthy patients is approximately 0.2 liters per kilogram of body weight.  Patients on hemodialysis, elderly patients, and pediatric patients have shown a slightly increased volume of distribution. Using typical doses, ampicillin/sulbactam has been shown to reach desired levels to treat infections in the brain, lungs, and abdominal tissues. Both agents have moderate protein binding, reported at 38% for sulbactam and 28% for ampicillin.15,16  The half-life of ampicillin is approximately 1 hour, when used alone or in combination with sulbactam; therefore it will be completely eliminated from a healthy person in around 5 hours.  It is eliminated primarily by the urinary system, with 75% excreted unchanged in the urine. Only small amounts of each drug were found to be excreted in the bile. Ampicillin/sulbactam should be given with caution in infants less than a week old and premature neonates.  This is due to the underdeveloped urinary system in these patients, which can cause a significantly increased half-life for both drugs.16   Based on its elimination, ampicillin/sulbactam is typically given every 6 to 8 hours. Slowed clearance of both drugs has been seen in the elderly, renal disease patients, and critically ill patients on renal replacement therapy. Reduced clearance has been seen in both pediatric and post-operative patients.  Adjustments in dosing frequency may be required in these patients due to these changes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many hours does it take for ampicillin to be completely eliminated from a healthy person?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of drug: ampicillin or sulbactam?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The volume that the drug distributes throughout in healthy patients

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or bile?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: infections in the brain, lungs, and abdominal tissues.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: underdeveloped urinary system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Ampicillin/sulbactam

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 75% excreted unchanged in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: underdeveloped urinary system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted unchanged in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: renal replacement therapy.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 75% excreted unchanged in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: The Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service is an information dissemination service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health, which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

text: The Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service is an information dissemination service of the

entity_name: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

text: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

text: (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the

text: National Institutes of Health

text: , which is part of the

entity_name: United States Department of Health and Human Services

text: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Ureters are made of calcium carbonate

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water and salts

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: NIDDK

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Kaliuresis (, ) or kaluresis () is the condition of excreting potassium in the urine.

text: Kaliuresis (, ) or kaluresis () is the condition of excreting

text: potassium

text: in the

text: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting potassium in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting potassium

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting potassium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: potassium in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting potassium in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting potassium in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting potassium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Kaliuresis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: Most animal feces are over 75% water; xerocoles, however, reabsorb water in the gut and produce much drier feces. For example, the kangaroo rat's feces contain only  as much water as that of other, non-desert rodents. In insects, the rectal gland also absorbs water, and the insects excrete dry pellets. In birds, along with some other vertebrates, the ureter and rectum both lead to the cloaca, whose walls also absorb water.

text: Most animal feces are over 75% water; xerocoles, however, reabsorb water in the gut and produce much drier feces. For example, the kangaroo rat's feces contain only  as much water as that of other, non-desert rodents. In insects, the rectal gland also absorbs water, and the insects excrete dry pellets. In birds, along with some other vertebrates, the

text: ureter

text: and

text: rectum

text: both lead to the

text: cloaca

text: , whose walls also absorb water.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water intake

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorb water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: absorb water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: xerocoles

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: rectal gland

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorb water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: the insects excrete dry pellets.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 75%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: cloaca, whose walls also absorb water.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Most animal feces are over 75%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: xerocoles,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: absorb water.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Most animal feces are over 75% water;

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureter and rectum both lead to the cloaca,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureter

text: Her early work with Andrew Murray at Harvard University provided the first insight into the genetic basis of the spindle assembly checkpoint. The paper documenting this work is one of the Nature Milestones in Cell Division. Li has subsequently made a number of significant discoveries in the area of mitotic exit control and cytokinesis. She is recognized as a leader in the study of cell polarity in the context of morphogenesis and asymmetric cell division, and has been at the forefront of using mathematical and biophysical approaches to understand cell polarity as a self-organizing, dynamical system. This advancement of quantitative and predictive understanding of cellular behavior relates to health, to learning and to human individuality, especially her research on topics such as cell polarity, asymmetric cell division, polycystic kidney disease, and adaptive evolution.

text: Her early work with Andrew Murray at

text: Harvard University

text: provided the first insight into the genetic basis of the

text: spindle assembly checkpoint

text: . The paper documenting this work is one of the Nature Milestones in Cell Division. Li has subsequently made a number of significant discoveries in the area of mitotic exit control and cytokinesis. She is recognized as a leader in the study of

text: cell polarity

text: in the context of

text: morphogenesis

text: and

text: asymmetric cell division

text: , and has been at the forefront of using mathematical and

text: biophysical approaches

text: to understand

text: cell polarity

text: as a self-organizing, dynamical system. This advancement of

text: quantitative

text: and

text: predictive understanding

text: of cellular behavior relates to

text: health

text: , to

text: learning

text: and to human individuality, especially her research on topics such as

text: cell polarity

text: asymmetric cell division

text: polycystic kidney disease

text: , and

text: adaptive evolution

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system, the respiratory system, and the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does Li's research relate to human individuality?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is Li recognized as a leader in the study of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: asymmetric cell division

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does Li's research relate to?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is polycystic kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Cysts

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cytokinesis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Cyst

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Li

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Li

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: spindle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: self-organizing, dynamical system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cytokinesis.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: spindle

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: polycystic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: spindle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: A number of avian species use nasal salt glands, alongside their kidneys, to control hypertonicity in their blood plasma. However, the ostrich shows no nasal glandular function in regard to this homeostatic process. Even in a state of dehydration, which increases the osmolality of the blood, nasal salt glands show no sizeable contribution of salt elimination. Also, the overall mass of the glands was less than that of the duck’s nasal gland. The ostrich, having a heavier body weight, should have larger, heavier nasal glands to more effectively excrete salt from a larger volume of blood, but this is not the case. These unequal proportions contribute to the assumption that the ostrich’s nasal glands do not play any role in salt excretion. The nasal glands may be the result of an ancestral trait, which is no longer needed by the ostrich, but has not been bred out of their gene pool.

text: A number of avian species use

text: nasal salt glands

text: , alongside their kidneys, to control

text: hypertonicity

text: in their

text: blood plasma

text: . However, the ostrich shows no nasal glandular function in regard to this homeostatic process. Even in a state of dehydration, which increases the

text: osmolality

text: of the blood, nasal salt glands show no sizeable contribution of salt elimination. Also, the overall mass of the glands was less than that of the duck’s nasal gland. The ostrich, having a heavier body weight, should have larger, heavier nasal glands to more effectively excrete salt from a larger volume of blood, but this is not the case. These unequal proportions contribute to the assumption that the ostrich’s nasal glands do not play any role in salt excretion. The nasal glands may be the result of an ancestral trait, which is no longer needed by the ostrich, but has not been bred out of their gene pool.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the ostrich excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nasal salt glands

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypertonicity

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete salt

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertonicity

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dehydrate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nasal glands

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nasal gland

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: control hypertonicity in their blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: homeostatic process.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypertonicity

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nasal salt glands

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: salt elimination.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertonicity

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dehydration,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: has not been bred out of their gene pool.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: to control hypertonicity in their blood plasma.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dehydration,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ostrich shows no nasal glandular function

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: duck’s nasal gland.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nasal salt glands,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease. In the context of chronic kidney disease, they are more accurately viewed as life-extending treatments, although if chronic kidney disease is managed well with dialysis and a compatible graft is found early and is successfully transplanted, the clinical course can be quite favorable, with life expectancy of many years. Likewise, in certain acute illnesses or trauma resulting in acute kidney injury, a person could very well survive for many years, with relatively good kidney function, before needing intervention again, as long as they had good response to dialysis, they got a kidney transplant fairly quickly if needed, their body did not reject the transplanted kidney, and they had no other significant health problems. Early dialysis (and, if indicated, early renal transplant) in acute renal failure usually brings more favorable outcomes.

text: These treatments are not truly

text: cure

text: s for

text: kidney disease

text: . In the context of chronic kidney disease, they are more accurately viewed as life-extending treatments, although if chronic kidney disease is managed well with dialysis and a compatible graft is found early and is successfully transplanted, the clinical course can be quite favorable, with

text: life expectancy

text: of many years. Likewise, in certain acute illnesses or

text: trauma

text: resulting in acute kidney injury, a person could very well survive for many years, with relatively good

text: kidney function

text: , before needing intervention again, as long as they had good response to dialysis, they got a kidney transplant fairly quickly if needed, their body did not

text: reject the transplanted kidney

text: , and they had no other significant health problems. Early

text: dialysis

text: (and, if

text: indicated

text: , early renal transplant) in acute renal failure usually brings more favorable outcomes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: relatively good kidney function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: transplanted kidney,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: relatively good kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: relatively good kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: transplanted kidney,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: relatively good kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Early dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: These treatments are not truly cures for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: graft

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Pronephros the most basic of the three excretory organs that develop in vertebrates, corresponding to the first stage of kidney development. It is succeeded by the mesonephros, which in fish and amphibians remains as the adult kidney. In amniotes the mesonephros is the embryonic kidney and a more complex metanephros acts as the adult kidney. Once a more advanced kidney forms, the previous version typically degenerates by apoptosis or becomes part of the male reproductive system.

text: Pronephros the most basic of the three

text: excretory organ

text: s that develop in

text: vertebrate

text: s, corresponding to the first stage of

text: kidney

text: development. It is succeeded by the

text: mesonephros

text: , which in fish and amphibians remains as the adult kidney. In amniotes the mesonephros is the embryonic kidney and a more complex metanephros acts as the adult kidney. Once a more advanced kidney forms, the previous version typically degenerates by apoptosis or becomes part of the male reproductive system.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not a type of excretory organ?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: male reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: adult kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last stage of kidney development?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: apoptosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: male reproductive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesonephros,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: male reproductive system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory organs that develop in vertebrates,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organs that develop in vertebrates,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: male reproductive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: apoptosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: apoptosis or becomes part of the male reproductive system.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: apoptosis or becomes part of the male reproductive system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Pronephros

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Pronephros

text: CPA is excreted 70% in feces and 30% in urine.

text: CPA is

text: excreted

text: 70% in

text: feces

text: and 30% in

text: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: CPA is excreted in the feces.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: (II).

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: (A).

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete CPA

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (C).

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: c).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete CPA

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: CPA

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CPA

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 30% in urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted 70% in feces and 30% in urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: feces and 30% in urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: CPA

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 30%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: feces and 30% in urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: feces and 30% in urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: CPA is excreted 70% in feces

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: CPA

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: In healthy volunteers, 1.0 to 3.5% of an administered dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. The metabolites also are excreted unchanged in the urine.

text: In healthy volunteers, 1.0 to 3.5% of an administered dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. The metabolites also are excreted unchanged in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted unchanged in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted unchanged in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted unchanged

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: metabolites

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In healthy volunteers,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 1.0 to 3.5% of an administered dose

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted unchanged in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 1.0 to 3.5% of an administered dose was excreted unchanged

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dose

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted unchanged

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted unchanged

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 1.0 to 3.5%

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: Research looking at the duration of urination in a range of mammal species found that 9 larger species urinated for 21 ± 13 seconds irrespective of body size. Smaller species including rodents and bats cannot produce jets and instead urinate with a series of drops.

text: Research looking at the duration of

text: urination

text: in a range of

text: mammal

text: species found that 9 larger species urinated for 21 ± 13 seconds irrespective of body size. Smaller species including rodents and bats cannot produce jets and instead urinate with a series of drops.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinate with a series of drops

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the purpose of the passage?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Smaller species including rodents and bats cannot produce jets

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: drops.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: drops.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Smaller species including rodents and bats cannot produce jets

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: duration of urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 21 <unk> 13 seconds

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: drops.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 21 <unk> 13 seconds irrespective of body size.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 9 larger species urinated for 21 <unk> 13 seconds

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 21 <unk> 13 seconds

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: drops.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: drops.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: drops.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinate with a series of drops.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: cannot produce jets and instead urinate with a series of drops.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: drops.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 9 larger species urinated for 21 <unk> 13 seconds

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: jets

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: jets

text: Pre-urine is formed in the tubules, when nitrogenous waste and electrolytes are transported through the tubule walls. Wastes such as urea and amino acids are thought to diffuse through the walls, while ions such as sodium and potassium are transported by active pump mechanisms. Water follows thereafter. The pre-urine, along with digested food, merge in the hindgut. At this time, uric acid precipitates out, and sodium and potassium ions are actively absorbed by the rectum, along with water via osmosis. Uric acid is left to mix with feces, which are then excreted.

text: Pre-urine is formed in the tubules, when

text: nitrogenous waste

text: and

text: electrolytes

text: are transported through the tubule walls. Wastes such as

text: urea

text: and

text: amino acids

text: are thought to diffuse through the walls, while ions such as

text: sodium

text: and

text: potassium

text: are transported by active pump mechanisms. Water follows thereafter. The pre-urine, along with digested food, merge in the hindgut. At this time, uric acid precipitates out, and sodium and potassium ions are actively absorbed by the rectum, along with water via

text: osmosis

text: . Uric acid is left to mix with feces, which are then

text: excreted

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: tubule walls

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: sweat glands in the skin or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tubule walls

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: uric acid precipitates out

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: active pump mechanisms

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid precipitates out

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Pre-urine is formed in the tubules,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: hindgut.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Pre-urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pump mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tubule walls.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: active pump mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Pre-urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: feces, which are then excreted.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: sodium and potassium ions are actively absorbed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: sodium and potassium are transported by active pump mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: sodium and potassium

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectum,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Pre-urine is formed in the tubules,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Pre-urine is formed in the tubules,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: active pump mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: active pump mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ions such as sodium and potassium are transported by active pump mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: tubules,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Pre-urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: rectum,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: rectum,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubules,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: rectum,

text: Like most other molluscs, the excretory organs of bivalves are a pair of nephridia. Each of these consists of a long, looped, glandular tube, which opens into the body cavity just beneath the heart, and a bladder to store urine. The pericardial glands either line the auricles of the heart or attach to the pericardium, and serve as extra filtration organs. Metabolic waste is voided from the bladders through a pair of openings near the front of the upper part of the mantle cavity, from where it joins the stream of exhalant water.

text: Like most other molluscs, the excretory organs of bivalves are a pair of

text: nephridia

text: . Each of these consists of a long, looped, glandular tube, which opens into the body cavity just beneath the heart, and a

text: bladder

text: to store urine. The pericardial glands either line the auricles of the heart or attach to the pericardium, and serve as extra filtration organs. Metabolic waste is voided from the bladders through a pair of openings near the front of the upper part of the mantle cavity, from where it joins the stream of exhalant water.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: bladders

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: bivalves, sweat glands in the skin, or large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: bivalves, nephridia, or pericardium?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glandular tube

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: a pair of openings

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Metabolic waste is voided

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glandular tube

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glandular tube

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: a bladder to store urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Metabolic waste

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glandular tube

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pericardium

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: pericardial glands

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glandular tube

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: exhalant water.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: exhalant water.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pericardial glands

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: openings near the front of the upper part of the mantle cavity,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: exhalant water.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Metabolic waste

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Metabolic waste

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Metabolic waste

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Metabolic waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pericardial glands

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glandular tube,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: filtration organs.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: pair of nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a long, looped, glandular tube,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: exhalant water.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Metabolic waste is voided from the bladders

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Metabolic waste

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: a bladder to store urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glandular tube,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pericardial glands

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration organs.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glandular tube,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: a bladder

text: The definition of life is controversial. The current definition is that organisms maintain homeostasis, are composed of cells, undergo metabolism, can grow, adapt to their environment, respond to stimuli, and reproduce. However, many other biological definitions have been proposed, and there are some borderline cases, such as viruses. Throughout history, there have been many attempts to define what is meant by "life" and many theories on the properties and emergence of living things, such as materialism, the belief that everything is made out of matter and that life is merely a complex form of it; hylomorphism, the belief that all things are a combination of matter and form, and the form of a living thing is its soul; spontaneous generation, the belief that life repeatedly emerges from non-life; and vitalism, a now largely discredited hypothesis that living organisms possess a "life force" or "vital spark". Modern definitions are more complex, with input from a diversity of scientific disciplines. Biophysicists have proposed many definitions based on chemical systems; there are also some living systems theories, such as the Gaia hypothesis, the idea that the Earth itself is alive. Another theory is that life is the property of ecological systems, and yet another is elaborated in complex systems biology, a branch or subfield of mathematical biology. Abiogenesis describes the natural process of life arising from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. Properties common to all organisms include the need for certain core chemical elements to sustain biochemical functions.

text: The definition of life is controversial. The current definition is that

text: organism

text: s maintain

text: homeostasis

text: , are composed of

text: cells

text: , undergo

text: metabolism

text: , can

text: grow

text: adapt

text: to their environment, respond to

text: stimuli

text: , and

text: reproduce

text: . However, many other biological definitions have been proposed, and there are some borderline cases, such as viruses. Throughout history, there have been many attempts to define what is meant by "life" and many theories on the properties and emergence of living things, such as

text: materialism

text: , the belief that everything is made out of matter and that life is merely a complex form of it;

text: hylomorphism

text: , the belief that all things are a combination of matter and form, and the form of a living thing is its soul;

text: spontaneous generation

text: , the belief that life repeatedly emerges from non-life; and

text: vitalism

text: , a now largely discredited hypothesis that living organisms possess a "life force" or "vital spark". Modern definitions are more complex, with input from a diversity of scientific disciplines.

text: Biophysicists

text: have proposed many definitions based on chemical

text: systems

text: ; there are also some

text: living systems theories

text: , such as the

text: Gaia hypothesis

text: , the idea that the

text: Earth

text: itself is alive. Another theory is that life is the property of

text: ecological systems

text: , and yet another is elaborated in

text: complex systems biology

text: , a branch or subfield of

text: mathematical biology

text: Abiogenesis

text: describes the natural process of life arising from non-living matter, such as simple

text: organic compounds

text: . Properties common to all organisms include the need for certain core

text: chemical element

text: s to sustain

text: biochemical

text: functions.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hylomorphism

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: biochemical functions.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: metabolism,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: certain core chemical elements to sustain biochemical functions.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: metabolism,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: viruses.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: metabolism,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: metabolism,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: metabolism,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cells,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: viruses.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hylomorphism,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: metabolism, can grow, adapt to their environment, respond to stimuli,

text: The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases,  stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis. The study of the blood flow is called hemodynamics. The study of the properties of the blood flow is called hemorheology.

text: The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an

text: organ system

text: that permits

text: blood

text: to circulate and transport

text: nutrient

text: s (such as

text: amino acids

text: and

text: electrolytes

text: oxygen

text: carbon dioxide

text: hormone

text: s, and

text: blood cell

text: s to and from the

text: cells

text: in the body to provide nourishment and help in

text: fighting diseases

text: stabilize temperature

text: and

text: pH

text: , and maintain

text: homeostasis

text: . The study of the blood flow is called

text: hemodynamics

text: . The study of the properties of the blood flow is called

text: hemorheology

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ system: the circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: provides nourishment and help in fighting diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypotheses

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: in fighting diseases

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemorheology

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: hemorheology.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hemodynamics.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hemodynamics.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: hemodynamics.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes),

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: pH, and maintain homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: hemorheology.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hemorheology.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: hemodynamics.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: electrolytes),

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemorheology.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The circulatory system,

text: Many diets have been proposed for treatment of Crohn's disease, and many do improve symptoms, but none have been proven to actually cure Crohn's disease.  Specific Carbohydrate Diet usually needs adjustments for patients so that they can handle the diet.If a patient finds that certain foods increase or decrease the symptoms, then they may adjust their diet accordingly. A food diary is recommended to see what positive or negative effects particular foods have. A low residue diet may be used to reduce the volume of stools excreted daily.  People with lactose intolerance due to small bowel disease may benefit from avoiding lactose-containing foods.   Patients who cannot eat are recommended to take total parenteral nutrition (TPN) – a source of vitamins and nutrients.

text: Many

text: diets

text: have been proposed for treatment of Crohn's disease, and many do improve symptoms, but none have been proven to actually cure Crohn's disease.

text: Specific Carbohydrate Diet

text: usually needs adjustments for patients so that they can handle the diet.If a patient finds that certain foods increase or decrease the symptoms, then they may adjust their diet accordingly. A food diary is recommended to see what positive or negative effects particular foods have. A

text: low residue diet

text: may be used to reduce the volume of stools excreted daily.  People with

text: lactose intolerance

text: due to small bowel disease may benefit from avoiding

text: lactose

text: -containing foods.   Patients who cannot eat are recommended to take total parenteral nutrition (TPN) – a source of vitamins and nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys then filter the waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What happens to the urine in the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is NOT true of urination?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: source of vitamins and nutrients

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: small bowel

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: small bowel

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Total parenteral nutrition

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: small bowel

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: small bowel

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: total parenteral nutrition

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: stools excreted daily.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: stools excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: stools excreted daily.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: none have been proven to actually cure Crohn's disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: stools excreted

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: eat

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: none have been proven to actually cure Crohn's

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: stools excreted

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nutrition

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: (TPN) – a source of vitamins and nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: stools excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: total parenteral nutrition

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: stools

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: none have been proven to actually cure Crohn's disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: small bowel

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: bowel

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bowel

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (TPN)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: total parenteral nutrition

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: bowel

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: small bowel

text: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys, with roughly 10–40% of an ingested dose being excreted unchanged in urine. The remaining 60–90% of the dose is retained in tissues or excreted as HMB metabolites. The fraction of a given dose of HMB that is excreted unchanged in urine increases with the dose.

text: HMB is eliminated via the

text: kidneys

text: , with roughly 10–40% of an ingested dose being excreted unchanged in urine. The remaining 60–90% of the dose is retained in tissues or excreted as HMB metabolites. The fraction of a given dose of HMB that is excreted unchanged in urine increases with the dose.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminated via the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tissues

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: HMB is eliminated

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: kidneys, bladder, or metabolites?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: HMB

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HMB

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: HMB metabolites.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ingested

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: HMB

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: HMB

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: HMB

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tissues

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 10–40%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: HMB

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 10–40%

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: tissues

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: HMB is eliminated

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: HMB

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HMB is eliminated via the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: An idioblast is an isolated plant cell that differs from neighboring tissues. They have various functions such as storage of reserves, excretory materials, pigments, and minerals. They could contain oil, latex, gum, resin, tannin or pigments etc. Some can contain mineral crystals such as acrid tasting and poisonous calcium oxalate or carbonate or silica.   Any of the tissue or tissue systems of plants can contain idioblasts. Idioblasts are divided into three main categories: excretory, tracheoid, and sclerenchymatous.

text: An idioblast is an isolated plant cell that differs from neighboring tissues. They have various functions such as storage of reserves, excretory materials, pigments, and minerals. They could contain oil, latex, gum, resin, tannin or pigments etc. Some can contain mineral crystals such as acrid tasting and poisonous

text: calcium oxalate

text: or carbonate or silica.   Any of the tissue or tissue systems of plants can contain idioblasts. Idioblasts are divided into three main categories: excretory, tracheoid, and

text: sclerenchyma

text: tous.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: tracheoid

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of idioblast: excretory, tracheoid, or sclerenchymatous?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory materials

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tracheoid

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Idioblast

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: tracheoid

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tracheoid

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tracheoid

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium oxalate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tracheoid

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Tracheoid

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: tissue systems of plants

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: An idioblast

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tracheoid,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: idioblast

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: three main categories: excretory, tracheoid,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory materials,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: An idioblast

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: idioblast

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: idioblast

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: An idioblast

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: An idioblast

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: idioblast

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: An idioblast

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: An idioblast

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: An idioblast

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: tracheoid,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tracheoid,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tracheoid,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium oxalate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tracheoid,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tracheoid,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory,

text: Though urine has been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in several traditional systems, and mentioned in some medical texts, auto-urine therapy as a system of alternative medicine was popularized by British naturopath John W. Armstrong in early 20th century. Armstrong was inspired by his family's practice of using urine to treat minor stings and toothaches, by a metaphorical reading of the Biblical Proverb 5:15 "Drink waters out of thine own cistern, and running waters out of thine own well", and his own experience with ill-health that he treated with a 45-day fast "on nothing but urine and tap water". Starting in 1918, Armstrong prescribed urine-therapy regimens that he devised to many thousands of patients, and in 1944 he published The Water of Life: A treatise on urine therapy, which became a founding document of the field.

text: Though urine has been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in several traditional systems, and mentioned in some medical texts, auto-urine therapy as a system of

text: alternative medicine

text: was popularized by British

text: naturopath

text: John W. Armstrong in early 20th century. Armstrong was inspired by his family's practice of using urine to treat minor stings and toothaches, by a metaphorical reading of the

text: Biblical Proverb 5:15

text: "Drink waters out of thine own cistern, and running waters out of thine own well", and his own experience with ill-health that he treated with a 45-day fast "on nothing but urine and tap water". Starting in 1918, Armstrong prescribed urine-therapy regimens that he devised to many thousands of patients, and in 1944 he published The Water of Life: A treatise on urine therapy, which became a founding document of the field.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of what?

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cistern

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cistern

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: well

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The Water of Life

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cistern

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cistern

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cistern,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: auto-urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine and tap water".

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine to treat minor stings and toothaches,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: toothaches,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 5:15 "Drink waters out of thine own cistern,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cistern,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: "Drink waters out of thine own cistern,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine to treat minor stings and toothaches,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 45-day fast "on nothing but urine and tap water".

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: cistern,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: auto-urine therapy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cistern,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cistern,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cistern,

text: Sadly, when Chuyi grown older, she realised that she has some conditions that is similar to that of her father's. Chuyi was worried if she have kidney disease, like her father. After the checkup, Chuyi is diagnosed with acute kidney disease. Chuyi’s boyfriend, Ding Zhanpeng (Allen Chen), leaves her as his parents disapprove them from being together. Chuyi's mother, Chen Miaoyu (Aileen Tan) is devastated and tries to donate her kidney to save Chuyi but is unable to do so because of her own health problems. Jiayi cannot bear to see Chuyi tormented by kidney disease, she decides to donate a kidney to her. Chuyi is adamant about refusing it, not to mention that Jiayi’s parents oppose the decision vehemently. Before Jiayi manages to convince her parents, she is killed in a car accident at an early age. In accordance with the organ pledge form that she had signed before her death, Jiayi’s kidney is donated to Chuyi….

text: Sadly, when Chuyi grown older, she realised that she has some conditions that is similar to that of her father's. Chuyi was worried if she have kidney disease, like her father. After the checkup, Chuyi is diagnosed with acute kidney disease. Chuyi’s boyfriend, Ding Zhanpeng (Allen Chen), leaves her as his parents disapprove them from being together. Chuyi's mother, Chen Miaoyu (

text: Aileen Tan

text: ) is devastated and tries to donate her kidney to save Chuyi but is unable to do so because of her own health problems. Jiayi cannot bear to see Chuyi tormented by kidney disease, she decides to donate a kidney to her. Chuyi is adamant about refusing it, not to mention that Jiayi’s parents oppose the decision vehemently. Before Jiayi manages to convince her parents, she is killed in a car accident at an early age. In accordance with the organ pledge form that she had signed before her death, Jiayi’s kidney is donated to Chuyi….

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What happens to the kidneys after the wastes are removed?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What happens to the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of urination is normally under conscious control

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the kidney do for the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Chuyi's boyfriend, Ding Zhanpeng

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Ding Zhanpeng

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: They filter waste out of the blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the function of the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Ding Zhanpeng

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Jiayi

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Chen Miaoyu

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Jiayi’s kidney is donated to Chuyi....

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Jiayi

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acute kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Jiayi

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Jiayi’s kidney is donated to Chuyi....

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Jiayi’s kidney is donated to Chuyi....

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Jiayi’s kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: organ pledge form

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Chen Miaoyu

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Jiayi

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Chen Miaoyu

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Jiayi’s kidney is donated to Chuyi....

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acute kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Chen Miaoyu

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Jiayi’s kidney is donated to Chuyi....

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In the excretory system, the nephridium is central, tending to the right side of the body, as a thin dark layer of glandular tissue. The nephridium is anterior and ventral of the digestive gland, and is in contact with the dorsal side of the foregut.

text: In the

text: excretory system

text: , the

text: nephridium

text: is central, tending to the right side of the body, as a thin dark layer of glandular tissue. The nephridium is anterior and ventral of the digestive gland, and is in contact with the dorsal side of the foregut.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the nephridium contain?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glandular tissue

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the nephron

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the nephridium do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive gland

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: foregut

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What does the nephridium do?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: thin dark layer of glandular tissue

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the nephridium?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the nephridium

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the nephridium

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In the excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system, the nephridium

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the nephridium

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the nephridium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: thin dark layer of glandular tissue.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the nephridium

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system, the nephridium

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: the nephridium

text: Generally, if the patient is treated and survives then a full recovery is expected. Patients who present early to medical facilities and have prompt medical treatment typically will have a favorable outcome. Alternatively, patients presenting late with signs and symptoms of coma, hyperkalemia, seizures, or severe acidosis have a poor prognosis. Patients who develop severe central nervous system manifestations or stroke who survive may have long term neurologic dysfunction; in some cases they may recover, although convalescence may be prolonged. The most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys. Cases of permanent kidney damage, often requiring chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation, have been reported after severe poisoning.

text: Generally, if the patient is treated and survives then a full recovery is expected. Patients who present early to medical facilities and have prompt medical treatment typically will have a favorable outcome. Alternatively, patients presenting late with signs and symptoms of coma, hyperkalemia, seizures, or severe acidosis have a poor prognosis. Patients who develop severe central nervous system manifestations or

text: stroke

text: who survive may have long term neurologic dysfunction; in some cases they may recover, although convalescence may be prolonged. The most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys. Cases of permanent kidney damage, often requiring chronic dialysis or

text: kidney transplantation

text: , have been reported after severe poisoning.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What is the most significant long-term complication related to the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the most significant long-term complication?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the most significant long-term complication?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the most significant long-term complication?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: severe poisoning

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: chronic dialysis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: chronic dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The most significant long-term complication is related to the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: chronic dialysis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney damage,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: permanent kidney damage, often requiring chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: permanent kidney damage,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: permanent kidney damage, often requiring chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that are now being found to be related. As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause despite the widely varying symptoms apparent on clinical examination. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is one such disease, part of an emerging class of diseases called ciliopathies. The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary cilia structures of the cell organelles that are present in many cellular types throughout the human body. The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often multi-symptom nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases. Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alstrom syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, and some forms of retinal degeneration.

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many

text: genetic disorder

text: s, both

text: genetic syndromes

text: and

text: genetic diseases

text: , that are now being found to be related. As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their

text: root cause

text: despite the widely varying

text: symptoms

text: apparent on clinical examination. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is one such disease, part of an emerging class of diseases called

text: ciliopathies

text: . The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary

text: cilia

text: structures of the

text: cell

text: organelle

text: s that are present in many cellular types throughout the

text: human

text: body. The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often

text: multi-symptom

text: nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases. Known ciliopathies include

text: primary ciliary dyskinesia

text: Bardet-Biedl syndrome

text: polycystic kidney

text: and

text: liver disease

text: nephronophthisis

text: Alstrom syndrome

text: Meckel-Gruber syndrome

text: , and some forms of

text: retinal degeneration

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cilia structures of the cell organelles

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: callosum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Meckel-Gruber syndrome

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: callosum

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: cilia structures

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: retinal degeneration.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "numerous

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Agenesis of the corpus callosum

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney and liver disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: callosum

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: callosum

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephronophthisis,

text: As opposed to western medicine, where the bladders function is the storage and excretion of urine, the bladder in Traditional Chinese Medicine has extended functions, including how fluids are transformed during urine production. Fluids are still sent from the small intestine to the bladder for storage, but the bladders capabilities are dependent on the kidney yang. If the kidney is yang deficient, the bladder may not have the sufficient qi and heat to transform fluids properly into urine. This could result in overly clear urine that must be excreted more frequently.

text: As opposed to western medicine, where the bladders function is the storage and excretion of urine, the bladder in Traditional Chinese Medicine has extended functions, including how fluids are transformed during urine production. Fluids are still sent from the small intestine to the bladder for storage, but the bladders capabilities are dependent on the kidney yang. If the kidney is yang deficient, the bladder may not have the sufficient qi and heat to transform fluids properly into urine. This could result in overly clear urine that must be excreted more frequently.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the small intestine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fluids

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: overly clear urine that must be excreted more frequently

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: yang deficient

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: peritoneum

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: yang

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Western medicine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the bladders function is the storage and excretion of urine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the bladders function is the storage and excretion of urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the bladders capabilities are dependent on the kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: western medicine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: the bladders capabilities are dependent on the kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: more frequently.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: storage and excretion of urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: yang deficient,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the bladders function is the storage and excretion of urine,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the bladders capabilities are dependent on the kidney yang.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: transform fluids properly into urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: yang deficient,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the bladder in Traditional Chinese Medicine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: yang deficient,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladders

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: yang.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladders

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: yang.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: western medicine,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: small intestine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology. The human body consists of the legs, the torso, the arms, the neck, and the head. An adult human body consists of about 100 trillion (10) cells. The most commonly defined body systems in humans are the nervous, the cardiovascular, the circulatory, the digestive, the endocrine, the immune, the integumentary, the lymphatic, the muscoskeletal, the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system.

text: Most aspects of human physiology are closely

text: homologous

text: to corresponding aspects of

text: animal

text: physiology. The human body consists of the

text: legs

text: , the

text: torso

text: , the

text: arm

text: s, the

text: neck

text: , and the

text: head

text: . An

text: adult

text: human body

text: consists of about 100 trillion (10)

text: cell

text: s. The most commonly defined

text: body systems

text: in humans are the

text: nervous

text: , the

text: cardiovascular

text: , the

text: circulatory

text: , the

text: digestive

text: , the

text: endocrine

text: , the

text: immune

text: , the

text: integumentary

text: , the

text: lymphatic

text: , the

text: muscoskeletal

text: , the

text: reproductive

text: , the

text: respiratory

text: , and the

text: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: the circulatory

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory, and the urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: muscoskeletal, the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 100 trillion (10)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: muscoskeletal, the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary system.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulatory,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: muscoskeletal,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: muscoskeletal,

text: Reed Wickner graduated from Cornell University with a B.A. degree in 1962. He then went to medical school at Georgetown University and received his M.D. degree in 1966. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences [(AAAS)], and the American Academy of Microbiology, and has been a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.  He is (as of 2012) Chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics at the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. His research interests pertain to prions and amyloid diseases.

text: Reed Wickner graduated from

text: Cornell University

text: with a B.A. degree in 1962. He then went to medical school at

text: Georgetown University

text: and received his M.D. degree in 1966. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences [(AAAS)], and the American Academy of Microbiology, and has been a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.  He is (as of 2012) Chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics at the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, part of the

text: National Institutes of Health

text: . His research interests pertain to prions and

text: amyloid

text: diseases.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: American Association for the Advancement of Science

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does Reed Wickner do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does Reed Wickner do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Reed Wickner have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: amyloid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: National Institutes of Health.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Reed Wickner

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Digestive & Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Reed Wickner

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Reed Wickner

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Diabetes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: prions and amyloid diseases.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Reed Wickner

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Reed Wickner

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: amyloid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: prions

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Although possession of the APOL1 risk variants increases susceptibility to non-diabetic kidney disease, not all people who possess these variants develop kidney disease, which indicates another factor may initiate progression of kidney disease. Similarly in HIV positive patients, although the majority of African-American patients with HIVAN have twoAPOL1 risk alleles other as yet unknown factors in the host, including genetic risk variants and environmental or viral factors, may influence the development of this disorder in those with zero or one APOL1 risk allele. Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43. The African American population has a total lifetime risk of developing FSGS of 0.8%.  For those with 0 risk alleles the risk of developing FSGS is 0.2%, 0.3% with 1 risk allele, 4.25% with 2 risk alleles and a 50% chance of developing HIVAN for untreated HIV infected individuals.

text: Although possession of the APOL1 risk variants increases susceptibility to non-diabetic kidney disease, not all people who possess these variants develop kidney disease, which indicates another factor may initiate progression of kidney disease. Similarly in HIV positive patients, although the majority of African-American patients with HIVAN have twoAPOL1 risk alleles other as yet unknown factors in the host, including genetic risk variants and environmental or viral factors, may influence the development of this disorder in those with zero or one APOL1 risk allele. Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43. The African American population has a total lifetime risk of developing FSGS of 0.8%.  For those with 0 risk alleles the risk of developing FSGS is 0.2%, 0.3% with 1 risk allele, 4.25% with 2 risk alleles and a 50% chance of developing HIVAN for untreated HIV infected individuals.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine contain?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does the kidney do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: non-diabetic

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: FSGS

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: FSGS

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: APOL1

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: non-diabetic

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: twoAPOL1 risk alleles

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: APOL1

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: another factor may initiate progression of kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):338-43.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: APOL1

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Amniocentesis (process of sampling amniotic fluid) and chorionic villus sampling cannot be performed until approximately 3 months into the pregnancy. Given that SLOS is a very severe syndrome, parents may want to choose to terminate their pregnancy if their fetus is affected. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling leave very little time to make this decision (abortions become more difficult as the pregnancy advances), and can also pose severe risks to the mother and baby. Thus, there is a very large desire for noninvasive midgestation diagnostic tests. Examining the concentrations of sterols in maternal urine is one potential way to identify SLOS prenatally. During pregnancy, the fetus is solely responsible for synthesizing the cholesterol needed to produce estriol. A fetus with SLOS cannot produce cholesterol, and may use 7DHC or 8DHC as precursors for estriol instead. This creates 7- or 8-dehydrosteroids (such as 7-dehydroestriol), which may show up in the maternal urine. These are novel metabolites due to the presence of a normally reduced double bond at carbon 7 (caused by the inactivity of DHCR7), and may be used as indicators of SLOS. Other cholesterol derivatives which possess a double bond at the 7th or 8th position and are present in maternal urine may also be indicators of SLOS. 7- and 8-dehydropregnanetriols have been shown to be present in the urine of mothers with an affected fetus but not with an unaffected fetus, and thus are used in diagnosis. These pregnadienes originated in the fetus and traveled through the placenta before reaching the mother. Their excretion indicates that neither the placenta nor the maternal organs have necessary enzymes needed to reduce the double bond of these novel metabolites.

text: Amniocentesis

text: (process of sampling amniotic fluid) and chorionic villus sampling cannot be performed until approximately 3 months into the pregnancy. Given that SLOS is a very severe syndrome, parents may want to choose to terminate their pregnancy if their fetus is affected. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling leave very little time to make this decision (abortions become more difficult as the pregnancy advances), and can also pose severe risks to the mother and baby. Thus, there is a very large desire for noninvasive midgestation diagnostic tests. Examining the concentrations of

text: sterol

text: s in maternal urine is one potential way to identify SLOS prenatally. During pregnancy, the fetus is solely responsible for synthesizing the cholesterol needed to produce

text: estriol

text: . A fetus with SLOS cannot produce cholesterol, and may use 7DHC or 8DHC as precursors for estriol instead. This creates 7- or 8-dehydrosteroids (such as 7-dehydroestriol), which may show up in the maternal urine. These are novel metabolites due to the presence of a normally reduced

text: double bond

text: at carbon 7 (caused by the inactivity of DHCR7), and may be used as indicators of SLOS. Other cholesterol derivatives which possess a double bond at the 7th or 8th position and are present in maternal urine may also be indicators of SLOS. 7- and 8-dehydropregnanetriols have been shown to be present in the urine of mothers with an affected fetus but not with an unaffected fetus, and thus are used in diagnosis. These

text: pregnadiene

text: s originated in the fetus and traveled through the

text: placenta

text: before reaching the mother. Their excretion indicates that neither the placenta nor the maternal organs have necessary enzymes needed to reduce the double bond of these novel metabolites.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs have enzymes needed to reduce the double bond of these novel metabolites?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Amniotic fluid

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the primary function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, fetus, or placenta?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: chorionic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: estriol

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Amniocentesis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: chorionic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: dehydroestriol),

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: maternal urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: cholesterol derivatives

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cholesterol derivatives

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dehydroestriol),

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: SLOS

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: cholesterol derivatives

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: SLOS.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: cholesterol derivatives

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maternal urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 7-dehydroestriol),

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dehydroestriol),

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: 7-dehydroestriol),

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 8-dehydrosteroids

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: -dehydroestriol),

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: cholesterol derivatives

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: cholesterol derivatives

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: oestriol),

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: maternal urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: maternal urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: neither the placenta nor the maternal organs have necessary enzymes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: -dehydroestriol),

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 7- and 8-dehydropregnanetriols

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: chorionic villus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: chorionic villus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: chorionic villus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cholesterol

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Amniocentesis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: chorionic villus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: maternal organs

text: Causes of kidney disease include deposition of the IgA antibodies in the glomerulus, administration of analgesics, xanthine oxidase deficiency, toxicity of chemotherapy agents, and long-term exposure to lead or its salts. Chronic conditions that can produce nephropathy include systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure (hypertension), which lead to diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy, respectively.

text: Causes of kidney disease include deposition of the

text: IgA

text: antibodies in the

text: glomerulus

text: , administration of

text: analgesic

text: s,

text: xanthine oxidase deficiency

text: , toxicity of chemotherapy agents, and long-term exposure to

text: lead

text: or its salts. Chronic conditions that can produce nephropathy include

text: systemic lupus erythematosus

text: diabetes mellitus

text: and

text: high blood pressure

text: (hypertension), which lead to

text: diabetic nephropathy

text: and

text: hypertensive nephropathy

text: , respectively.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: sweat glands in the skin or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertensive nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: administration of analgesics

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: xanthine oxidase deficiency,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: analgesics,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: IgA antibodies in the glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (hypertension),

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: chemotherapy agents,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: xanthine oxidase deficiency,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: xanthine oxidase deficiency,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: xanthine oxidase deficiency,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diabetic nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: xanthine oxidase deficiency,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: xanthine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: xanthine oxidase deficiency,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a body's level of hydration, as well as other factors. Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. In the urine of a healthy individual the color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin. Urobilin is a final waste product resulting from the breakdown of heme from hemoglobin during the destruction of aging blood cells.

text: Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a body's level of

text: hydration

text: , as well as other factors. Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. In the urine of a healthy individual the color comes primarily from the presence of

text: urobilin

text: . Urobilin is a final waste product resulting from the breakdown of

text: heme

text: from

text: hemoglobin

text: during the destruction of aging blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine produced?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hydration

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: breakdown of heme from hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: normal urine is a transparent solution

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: breakdown of heme from hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urobilin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: heme from hemoglobin during the destruction of aging blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a body's level of hydration,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hydration,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: heme from hemoglobin during the destruction of aging blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: breakdown of heme from hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hydration,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: hydration,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hydration,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: blood cells.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: heme

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urobilin.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: During erection, these centers block the relaxation of the sphincter muscles, so as to act as a physiological separation of the excretory and reproductive function of the penis, and preventing urine from entering the upper portion of the urethra during ejaculation.

text: During erection, these centers block the relaxation of the sphincter muscles, so as to act as a physiological separation of the excretory and reproductive function of the penis, and preventing urine from entering the upper portion of the urethra during ejaculation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ejaculation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: centers block the relaxation of the sphincter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: physiological separation of the excretory and reproductive function

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: physiological separation of the excretory and reproductive function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: centers block the relaxation of the sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penis,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine from entering the upper portion of the urethra

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: During erection,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: During erection,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: preventing urine from entering the upper portion of the urethra

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: preventing urine from entering the upper portion of the urethra

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sphincter muscles,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: During erection,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: penis,

text: Ricinulei (hooded tickspiders) are 5–10 mm long. Their most notable feature is a "hood" that can be raised and lowered over the head; when lowered, it covers the mouth and the chelicerae. Ricinulei have no eyes. The pedipalps end in pincers that are small relative to their bodies, when compared to those of the related orders of scorpions and pseudoscorpions. The heavy-bodied abdomen forms a narrow pedicel, or waist, where it attaches to the prosoma. In males, the third pair of legs are modified to form copulatory organs. Malpighian tubules and a pair of coxal glands make up the excretory system. They have no lungs, as gas exchange takes place through the trachea.

text: Ricinulei (hooded tickspiders) are 5–10 mm long. Their most notable feature is a "hood" that can be raised and lowered over the head; when lowered, it covers the mouth and the chelicerae. Ricinulei have no eyes. The pedipalps end in pincers that are small relative to their bodies, when compared to those of the related orders of

text: scorpion

text: s and

text: pseudoscorpion

text: s. The heavy-bodied abdomen forms a narrow pedicel, or waist, where it attaches to the

text: prosoma

text: . In males, the third pair of legs are modified to form copulatory organs.

text: Malpighian tubule

text: s and a pair of

text: coxal glands

text: make up the excretory system. They have no lungs, as gas exchange takes place through the trachea.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gas exchange takes place through the trachea

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a gland: Malpighian tubules and a pair of coxal glands?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the excretory system work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gas exchange takes place through the trachea.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: a pair of coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: trachea.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: a pair of coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: lungs,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: coxal glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: gas exchange takes place through the trachea.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Malpighian tubules

text: In millipedes, the second maxillae have been lost, reducing the mouthparts to only the first maxillae which have fused together to form a gnathochilarium, acting as a lower lip to the buccal cavity and the mandibles which have been enlarged and specialized greatly, used for chewing food. The gnathochilarium is richly infused with chemosensory and tactile receptors along its edge. A pair of maxillary glands, also called nephridial organs, involved in osmoregulation and excreting nitrogenous waste open up to the gnathochilarium and wastes are passed entirely through the digestive tract before being evacuated. The neprhidial organs are thought to be derived from similar organs in annelids, although reduced in number since the open circulatory system of arthropods lessens the demand on separate excretory organs. The reason for their anterior location is probably because these organs must be developed early on in the embryo and millipedes and other arthropods develop mainly by proliferation of cells at the posterior of the embryo.

text: In

text: millipede

text: s, the second maxillae have been lost, reducing the mouthparts to only the first maxillae which have fused together to form a gnathochilarium, acting as a lower lip to the buccal cavity and the

text: mandibles

text: which have been enlarged and specialized greatly, used for chewing food. The gnathochilarium is richly infused with chemosensory and tactile receptors along its edge. A pair of maxillary glands, also called nephridial organs, involved in

text: osmoregulation

text: and excreting

text: nitrogenous waste

text: open up to the gnathochilarium and wastes are passed entirely through the digestive tract before being evacuated. The neprhidial organs are thought to be derived from similar organs in

text: annelids

text: , although reduced in number since the

text: open circulatory system

text: of arthropods lessens the demand on separate excretory organs. The reason for their anterior location is probably because these organs must be developed early on in the embryo and millipedes and other arthropods develop mainly by proliferation of cells at the posterior of the embryo.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: neprhidial organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs are thought to be derived from similar organs in annelids?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: A pair of maxillary glands

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: A pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: neprhidial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephritic

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridial organs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridian

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: osmoregulation and excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: maxillary glands,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: second maxillae

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excreting nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridial organs,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nitrogenous

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridial organs,

text: Immune organs vary by type of fish.In the jawless fish (lampreys and hagfish), true lymphoid organs are absent. These fish rely on regions of lymphoid tissue within other organs to produce immune cells. For example, erythrocytes, macrophages and plasma cells are produced in the anterior kidney (or pronephros) and some areas of the gut (where granulocytes mature.) They resemble primitive bone marrow in hagfish.Cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) have a more advanced immune system. They have three specialized organs that are unique to Chondrichthyes; the epigonal organs (lymphoid tissue similar to mammalian bone) that surround the gonads, the Leydig's organ within the walls of their esophagus, and a spiral valve in their intestine. These organs house typical immune cells (granulocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells). They also possess an identifiable thymus and a well-developed spleen (their most important immune organ) where various lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages develop and are stored.Chondrostean fish (sturgeons, paddlefish, and bichirs) possess a major site for the production of granulocytes within a mass that is associated with the meninges (membranes surrounding the central nervous system.) Their heart is frequently covered with tissue that contains lymphocytes, reticular cells and a small number of macrophages. The chondrostean kidney is an important hemopoietic organ; where erythrocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages develop.

text: Immune organs vary by type of fish.In the

text: jawless fish

text: (lampreys and hagfish), true

text: lymph

text: oid organs are absent. These fish rely on regions of

text: lymphoid tissue

text: within other organs to produce immune cells. For example,

text: erythrocytes

text: macrophages

text: and

text: plasma cells

text: are produced in the anterior kidney (or

text: pronephros

text: ) and some areas of the gut (where

text: granulocytes

text: mature.) They resemble primitive

text: bone marrow

text: in hagfish.

text: Cartilaginous fish

text: (sharks and rays) have a more advanced immune system. They have three specialized organs that are unique to

text: Chondrichthyes

text: ; the epigonal organs (lymphoid tissue similar to mammalian bone) that surround the gonads, the

text: Leydig's organ

text: within the walls of their esophagus, and a

text: spiral valve

text: in their intestine. These organs house typical immune cells (granulocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells). They also possess an identifiable

text: thymus

text: and a well-developed

text: spleen

text: (their most important immune organ) where various

text: lymphocyte

text: s, plasma cells and macrophages develop and are stored.

text: Chondrostean

text: fish (sturgeons, paddlefish, and bichirs) possess a major site for the production of granulocytes within a mass that is associated with the

text: meninges

text: (membranes surrounding the central nervous system.) Their heart is frequently covered with tissue that contains lymphocytes,

text: reticular cell

text: s and a small number of

text: macrophage

text: s. The chondrostean kidney is an important

text: hemopoietic

text: organ; where erythrocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages develop.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: thymus and a well-developed spleen

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fish: lampreys or hagfish?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: anterior kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fish: lampreys or hagfish?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a fish type?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: lymphocytes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fish: lampreys or hagfish?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gonads

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The chondrostean kidney is an important hemopoietic organ

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of fish: lampreys or hagfish?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: pronephros

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pronephros

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemopoietic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemopoietic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: pronephros

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: pronephros

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: anterior kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: chondrostean

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: erythrocytes, granulocytes,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: erythrocytes, macrophages and plasma cells

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: lymphocytes,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: granulocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chondrostean

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: thymus and a well-developed spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pronephros)

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: chondrostean

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: erythrocytes, granulocytes,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: hemopoietic organ;

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pronephros)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: chondrostean kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemopoietic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: reticular cells

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: pronephros)

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: There are reports of kidney damage with creatine use, such as interstitial nephritis; patients with kidney disease should avoid use of this supplement. In similar manner, liver function may be altered, and caution is advised in those with underlying liver disease, although studies have shown little or no adverse impact on kidney or liver function from oral creatine supplementation. In 2004 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published a record which stated that oral long-term intake of 3 g pure creatine per day is risk-free. A 2003 study on athletes who took creatine for 21 months found no significant changes in markers of renal function; a 2008 study on athletes who took creatine for 3 months found no evidence of kidney damage during that time.

text: There are reports of kidney damage with creatine use, such as interstitial nephritis; patients with kidney disease should avoid use of this supplement. In similar manner, liver function may be altered, and caution is advised in those with underlying liver disease, although studies have shown little or no adverse impact on kidney or liver function from oral creatine supplementation. In 2004 the

text: European Food Safety Authority

text: (EFSA) published a record which stated that oral long-term intake of 3 g pure creatine per day is risk-free. A 2003 study on athletes who took creatine for 21 months found no significant changes in markers of renal function; a 2008 study on athletes who took creatine for 3 months found no evidence of kidney damage during that time.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does creatine enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: creatine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: no significant changes in markers of renal function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Nephritis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Nephritis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: creatine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: creatine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney damage with creatine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: patients with kidney disease should avoid use of this supplement.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: interstitial nephritis;

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: interstitial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The kidney’s primary function is storing and controlling ‘essence’, or jing. Jing is the essence of qi and the basis for body matter and functional activities.  There are two types of jing, congenital jing and acquired jing, which are stored in the kidney and known as kidney jing. Unlike qi, jing circulates in long cycles (seven years for females and eight years for males) governing developmental stages.  The function of jing is to promote growth, development and reproduction, provide the basis for kidney qi, produce marrow, and provide the basis for jing, qi and shen (mind).

text: The kidney’s primary function is storing and controlling ‘essence’, or jing. Jing is the essence of qi and the basis for body matter and functional activities.  There are two types of jing, congenital jing and acquired jing, which are stored in the kidney and known as kidney jing. Unlike qi, jing circulates in long cycles (seven years for females and eight years for males) governing developmental stages.  The function of jing is to promote growth, development and reproduction, provide the basis for kidney qi, produce

text: marrow

text: , and provide the basis for jing, qi and shen (mind).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of jing: congenital jing or acquired jing?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: jing

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: storing and controlling ‘essence’

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: jing

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: jing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: jing

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: storing and controlling ‘essence’

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acquired jing

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: jing

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: marrow

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidney’s

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidney’s

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: jing circulates in long cycles

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The kidney’s

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: developmental stages.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: jing circulates in long cycles

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: storing and controlling ‘essence’, or jing.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: females and eight years for males)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: qi,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: marrow,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidney’s

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: jing.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: jing circulates in long cycles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: storing and controlling ‘essence’, or jing.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acquired jing,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidney’s

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney’s

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney’s

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: marrow,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney jing.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney’s

text: Later developers began to write a second type of system which could manage electronic documents, i.e., all those documents, or files, created on computers, and often stored on users' local file-systems. The earliest electronic document management (EDM) systems managed either proprietary file types, or a limited number of file formats.  Many of these systems later became known as document imaging systems, because they focused on the capture, storage, indexing and retrieval of image file formats. EDM systems evolved to a point where systems could manage any type of file format that could be stored on the network. The applications grew to encompass electronic documents, collaboration tools, security, workflow, and auditing capabilities.

text: Later developers began to write a second type of system which could manage electronic documents, i.e., all those documents, or files, created on computers, and often stored on users' local

text: file-system

text: s. The earliest electronic document management (EDM) systems managed either proprietary file types, or a limited number of

text: file format

text: s.  Many of these systems later became known as

text: document imaging

text: systems, because they focused on the capture, storage, indexing and retrieval of

text: image file formats

text: . EDM systems evolved to a point where systems could manage any type of file format that could be stored on the network. The applications grew to encompass electronic documents,

text: collaboration tool

text: s, security, workflow, and

text: audit

text: ing capabilities.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: EDM systems

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: document imaging systems,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: developers began to write a second type of system which could manage electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: capture, storage, indexing and retrieval

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Later developers began to write a second type of system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: users' local file-systems.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: document imaging systems,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: users' local file-systems.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Later

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: documents,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: (EDM)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: earliest electronic document management (EDM)

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: electronic documents,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: document imaging systems,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: (EDM)

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: documents,

text: Documentation testing being part of non-functional testing and a type of black box testing is the most important testing as it ensures that documentation about how to use the system match exactly with what the system does as, a convincing part of the system changes in the last minute testing and improvement of the system. Documentation testing includes the plans, results, and testing of a system or system component. Its types include test case specification, test plan, test procedure, test report and test log. It is about the testing of all the documents stating, defining, explaining and reporting or validating requirements, procedures followed and results. Documentation testing starts with the beginning of the very first software process and is cost effective as it saves a lot of money. Hence if documentation of software will not be writing it will cause serious cost and scheduling problems. So Documentation testing is about checking the spelling and grammar to review any ambiguity or inconsistency between what functionality it performs and what it is supposed to do.

text: Documentation testing being part of non-functional testing and a type of black box testing is the most important testing as it ensures that documentation about how to use the system match exactly with what the system does as, a convincing part of the system changes in the last minute testing and improvement of the system. Documentation testing includes the plans, results, and testing of a system or system component. Its types include test case specification, test plan, test procedure, test report and test log. It is about the testing of all the documents stating, defining, explaining and reporting or validating requirements, procedures followed and results. Documentation testing starts with the beginning of the very first software process and is cost effective as it saves a lot of money. Hence if documentation of software will not be writing it will cause serious cost and scheduling problems. So Documentation testing is about checking the spelling and grammar to review any ambiguity or inconsistency between what functionality it performs and what it is supposed to do.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: performs

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys help keep blood pressure within a normal range.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It is not possible to transplant kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: testicle

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Black box testing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Documentation testing being part of non-functional testing

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Documentation testing being part of non-functional testing

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: performs

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Documentation testing being part of non-functional testing

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: black box testing

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: black box testing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Documentation testing being part of non-functional testing

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: black box testing

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Documentation testing

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: black box testing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: black box testing

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Documentation testing

text: Excretion is the process by which metabolic wastes and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism. In vertebrates this is primarily carried out by the lungs, kidneys and skin. This is in contrast with secretion, where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell. Excretion is an essential process in all forms of life. For example, in mammals urine is expelled through the urethra, which is part of the excretory system. In single-celled organisms, waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell.

text: Excretion is the process by which

text: metabolic waste

text: s and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an

text: organism

text: . In vertebrates this is primarily carried out by the

text: lungs

text: kidneys

text: and

text: skin

text: . This is in contrast with

text: secretion

text: , where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the

text: cell

text: . Excretion is an essential process in all forms of life. For example, in mammals

text: urine

text: is expelled through the

text: urethra

text: , which is part of the

text: excretory system

text: . In

text: single-celled organisms

text: , waste products are discharged directly through the surface of the cell.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion process

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not part of the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion is an essential process in all forms of life

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretion is an essential process in all forms of life

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: vertebrates

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: lungs, kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine is expelled through the urethra,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: metabolic wastes and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: secretion,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: secretion,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urethra,

text: Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as Lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells, or Polkissen cells) are light-staining pericytes in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole.  They resemble smooth muscle cells and play a role in renal autoregulation of blood flow to the kidney and regulation of systemic blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system.  Extraglomerular mesangial cells are part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, along with the macula densa cells of the distal convoluted tubule and the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole.

text: Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as Lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells, or Polkissen cells) are light-staining

text: pericytes

text: in the

text: kidney

text: found outside the

text: glomerulus

text: , near the

text: vascular pole

text: .  They resemble smooth muscle cells and play a role in

text: renal autoregulation

text: of blood flow to the kidney and regulation of systemic

text: blood pressure

text: through the

text: renin-angiotensin system

text: .  Extraglomerular mesangial cells are part of the

text: juxtaglomerular apparatus

text: , along with the

text: macula densa

text: cells of the

text: distal convoluted tubule

text: and the

text: juxtaglomerular cells

text: of the

text: afferent arteriole

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: afferent arteriole

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulate blood flow to the kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulation of systemic blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vascular pole

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smooth muscle cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulation of systemic blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: regulation of systemic blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renin-angiotensin system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Extraglomerular mesangial cells

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renin-angiotensin system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Extraglomerular mesangial cells

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: renal autoregulation

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: systemic blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renin-angiotensin system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: blood flow to the kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulation of systemic blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renin-angiotensin system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vascular pole.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renin-angiotensin system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Extraglomerular mesangial cells

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renin-angiotensin system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Extraglomerular mesangial cells

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulation of systemic blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: renal autoregulation of blood flow

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Extraglomerular mesangial cells

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Extraglomerular mesangial cells

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: afferent arteriole.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renin-angiotensin system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: distal convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following substances:

text: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following substances:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood and urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintains a balance of substances

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: water and salt

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys are responsible for maintaining a balance of the following:

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: blood cells

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: iv.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: fluids

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: following

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidney is responsible for maintaining a balance of the following

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: following

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The excretory system consists of three regions. The basal region has three cells found within the posterior portion of the midgut. The anterior and superior cavity are formed by the bases of four malpighian tubules. The superior cavity opens into the lumen of the small intestine. The rectum is a large but thin-walled sac that occupies the posterior fifth of the larvae. The release of waste is controlled by the rectal valves that lead to the anus. Sometimes, the larvae secrete a liquid that consists of uric acid, water and salts. These contents are often carried outside by workers and ejected, but colonies under water stress may consume the contents. In the reproductive system, queens release a pheromone that prevents dealation and oogenesis in virgin females; those tested in colonies without a queen begin oocyte development after dealation and take up the egg-laying role. Flight muscle degeneration is initiated by mating and juvenile hormones, and prevented by corpus allatectomy. Histolysis begins with the dissolution of the myofibril and the slow breakdown of the myofilaments. Such dissolution continues until it reaches the only free Z-line materials, which would also disappear; only the nuclei and lamellar bodies remain. In one study, the amino acids increase in the hemolymph after insemination.

text: The

text: excretory system

text: consists of three regions. The basal region has three cells found within the posterior portion of the midgut. The anterior and superior cavity are formed by the bases of four

text: malpighian tubule

text: s. The superior cavity opens into the

text: lumen

text: of the small intestine. The rectum is a large but thin-walled sac that occupies the posterior fifth of the larvae. The release of waste is controlled by the

text: rectal valves

text: that lead to the anus. Sometimes, the larvae secrete a liquid that consists of

text: uric acid

text: , water and salts. These contents are often carried outside by workers and ejected, but colonies under water stress may consume the contents. In the

text: reproductive system

text: , queens release a

text: pheromone

text: that prevents dealation and

text: oogenesis

text: in virgin females; those tested in colonies without a queen begin

text: oocyte

text: development after dealation and take up the egg-laying role. Flight muscle degeneration is initiated by mating and juvenile hormones, and prevented by

text: corpus allatectomy

text: Histolysis

text: begins with the dissolution of the

text: myofibril

text: and the slow breakdown of the

text: myofilament

text: s. Such dissolution continues until it reaches the only free Z-line materials, which would also disappear; only the

text: nuclei

text: and

text: lamellar bodies

text: remain. In one study, the

text: amino acid

text: s increase in the

text: hemolymph

text: after insemination.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of three regions

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the basal region has three cells found within the posterior portion of the midgut

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many cells are found within the posterior portion of the midgut?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the rectum

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: oocyte development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many regions does the excretory system consist of?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: release of waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys that helps keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Which organs do you need to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many cells are found within the posterior portion of the midgut?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a nephron?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: release of waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid, water and salts

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory system organ: the rectum, the anus, or the rectum?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: malpighian

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salts

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: allatectomy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: malpighian

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: reproductive system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: small intestine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: uric acid, water and salts.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: malpighian tubules.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: rectal valves

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: uric acid, water and salts.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The release of waste is controlled by the rectal valves

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Flight muscle degeneration is initiated by mating and juvenile hormones,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: four malpighian tubules.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: slow breakdown of the myofilaments.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: uric acid, water and salts.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: four malpighian tubules.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ejected,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Flight muscle

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: rectal valves

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: four malpighian tubules.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the rectal valves

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: colonies under water stress

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The release of waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: uric acid, water and salts.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: bases of four malpighian tubules.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: rectal valves

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: malpighian tubules.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid, water and salts.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: corpus allatectomy.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: malpighian tubules.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The rectum

text: Disinfection by chlorination can be problematic, in some circumstances. Chlorine can react with naturally occurring organic compounds found in the water supply to produce compounds known as disinfection by-products (DBPs). The most common DBPs are trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Trihalomethanes are the main disinfectant by-products created from chlorination with two different types, bromoform and dibromochloromethane, which are mainly responsible for health hazards. Their effects depend strictly on the duration of their exposure to the chemicals and the amount ingested into the body. In high doses, bromoform mainly slows down regular brain activity, which is manifested by symptoms such as sleepiness or sedation. Chronic exposure of both bromoform and dibromochloromethane can cause liver and kidney cancer, as well as heart disease, unconsciousness, or death in high doses. Due to the potential carcinogenicity of these compounds, drinking water regulations across the developed world require regular monitoring of the concentration of these compounds in the distribution systems of municipal water systems. The World Health Organization has stated that "the risks to health from these by-products are extremely small in comparison with the risks associated with inadequate disinfection".

text: Disinfection by chlorination can be problematic, in some circumstances. Chlorine can react with naturally occurring

text: organic compound

text: s found in the water supply to produce compounds known as

text: disinfection by-product

text: s (DBPs). The most common DBPs are

text: trihalomethane

text: s (THMs) and

text: haloacetic acid

text: s (HAAs). Trihalomethanes are the main disinfectant by-products created from chlorination with two different types,

text: bromoform

text: and

text: dibromochloromethane

text: , which are mainly responsible for health hazards. Their effects depend strictly on the duration of their exposure to the chemicals and the amount ingested into the body. In high doses, bromoform mainly slows down regular brain activity, which is manifested by symptoms such as sleepiness or sedation. Chronic exposure of both bromoform and dibromochloromethane can cause liver and kidney cancer, as well as heart disease, unconsciousness, or death in high doses. Due to the potential

text: carcinogenicity

text: of these compounds, drinking water regulations across the developed world require regular monitoring of the concentration of these compounds in the distribution systems of municipal water systems. The

text: World Health Organization

text: has stated that "the risks to health from these by-products are extremely small in comparison with the risks associated with inadequate disinfection".

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Chlorine can react with organic compounds found in the water supply

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sedation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Chlorine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: liver and kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: disinfection by-products

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: brain activity,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: brain activity,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: chlorination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: haloacetic acids

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver and kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Chronic exposure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: haloacetic acids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: haloacetic acids

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: At the hospital, the family learns that Peter's condition has a big chance of suddenly failing and thus killing him. They learn that the only other option besides the daily procedures is that one must give up one of their kidneys to Peter. Lois volunteers to give up one of hers, but is informed that she isn't a match. Brian then also volunteers, and they discover that he has the same kidney type as Peter. However, as dog kidneys are smaller than human's, the donation requires both kidneys. If the procedure was successful, Brian would lose his life. Brian decides to go along with the procedure to save Peter's life. Reluctant to lose Brian, Stewie kidnaps him and takes him to the local playground, in hopes of staying there the rest of their lives. Brian convinces Stewie to let him go, stating that Stewie needs his father more than he needs his dog. The next day, Brian and Peter prepare to undergo the kidney transfer. However, Dr. Hartman reveals that he is also a match and has decided to donate one of his own kidneys. Thus, Brian's life is spared.

text: At the hospital, the family learns that Peter's condition has a big chance of suddenly failing and thus killing him. They learn that the only other option besides the daily procedures is that one must give up one of their kidneys to Peter. Lois volunteers to give up one of hers, but is informed that she isn't a match.

text: Brian

text: then also volunteers, and they discover that he has the same kidney type as Peter. However, as dog kidneys are smaller than human's, the donation requires both kidneys. If the procedure was successful, Brian would lose his life. Brian decides to go along with the procedure to save Peter's life. Reluctant to lose Brian, Stewie kidnaps him and takes him to the local playground, in hopes of staying there the rest of their lives. Brian convinces Stewie to let him go, stating that Stewie needs his father more than he needs his dog. The next day, Brian and Peter prepare to undergo the kidney transfer. However, Dr. Hartman reveals that he is also a match and has decided to donate one of his own kidneys. Thus, Brian's life is spared.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: give up one of their kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why does the donation require both kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: daily procedures

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney: dog, kidney, or human?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: What is the only option besides the daily procedures?

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Stewie

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: dog.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Brian's life is spared.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: give up one of their kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Dr. Hartman

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: dog kidneys are smaller than human's,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dog.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: smaller than human's,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dog

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: playground,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: daily procedures

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dog

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: one must give up one of their kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dog kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transfer.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: In the setting of standards, agencies make political and technical/scientific decisions about how the water will be used. In the case of natural water bodies, they also make some reasonable estimate of pristine conditions. Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions. Environmental scientists work  to understand how these systems function, which in turn helps to identify the sources and fates of contaminants. Environmental lawyers and policymakers work to define legislation with the intention that water is maintained at an appropriate quality for its identified use.

text: In the setting of standards, agencies make political and technical/scientific decisions about how the water will be used. In the case of natural

text: water bodies

text: , they also make some reasonable estimate of pristine conditions. Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions.

text: Environmental scientists

text: work  to understand how these systems function, which in turn helps to identify the sources and fates of

text: contaminants

text: Environmental lawyers

text: and

text: policymakers

text: work to define

text: legislation

text: with the intention that water is maintained at an appropriate quality for its identified use.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: environmental lawyers and policymakers work to define legislation with the intention that water

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain at an appropriate quality

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: environmental scientists work to understand how these systems function

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: the urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: contaminants.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: natural water bodies, they also make some reasonable estimate of pristine conditions.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In the setting of standards, agencies make political and technical/scientific decisions

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pristine conditions. Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: natural water bodies, they also make some reasonable estimate of pristine conditions.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: helps to identify the sources and fates of contaminants.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: natural water bodies, they also make some reasonable estimate of pristine conditions.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: water will be used. In the case of natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: vary in response to environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: natural water bodies, they also make some reasonable estimate of pristine conditions.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Natural water bodies will vary in response to environmental conditions.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: contaminants.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: contaminants.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: natural water bodies,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: natural water bodies,

text: Any study done to determine nutritional status must take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the chemical composition of the whole diet and of all the materials excreted and eliminated from the body (including urine and feces). Comparing food to waste material can help determine the specific compounds and elements absorbed and metabolized by the body. The effects of nutrients may only be discernible over an extended period of time, during which all food and waste must be analyzed. The number of variables involved in such experiments is high, making nutritional studies time-consuming and expensive, which explains why the science of human nutrition is still slowly evolving.

text: Any study done to determine nutritional status must take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the

text: chemical

text: composition of the whole diet and of all the materials

text: excreted

text: and eliminated from the body (including

text: urine

text: and feces). Comparing food to waste material can help determine the specific compounds and elements absorbed and metabolized by the body. The effects of nutrients may only be discernible over an extended period of time, during which all food and waste must be analyzed. The number of

text: variables

text: involved in such

text: experiment

text: s is high, making nutritional studies time-consuming and expensive, which explains why the science of human nutrition is still slowly evolving.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excreted and eliminated from the body

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urine and feces

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine leaves the kidney through a ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted and eliminated from the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine and feces

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excreted and eliminated

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excreted and eliminated from the body

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted and eliminated

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excreted and eliminated from the body

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: expensive

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine and feces).

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine and feces).

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminated

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine and feces).

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: absorbed and metabolized by the body.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: eliminated from the body

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: expensive,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: eliminated from the body

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: eliminated

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted and eliminated

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine and feces).

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Any study done to determine nutritional status

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine and feces).

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: In his work, How Curious a Land, Bryant shows how the local elite whites used the law and the legal system to maintain and extend their power. Before the Civil War, Green county was controlled by a small group of extremely wealthy slave owning planters. These men used the legal and social structures of slavery, marriage, and capitalism to maintain and increase their wealth and power.  Lawyers and merchants played a secondary in the power structure as facilitators of the planters’ power.  The vast majority of whites in the county were small farmers, craftsmen, or tenant farmers. More than sixty percent of the county’s population were slaves working on cotton plantations.  These plantations produced huge amounts of wealth for the plantation elite.

text: In his work, How Curious a Land, Bryant shows how the local elite whites used the

text: law

text: and the

text: legal system

text: to maintain and extend their power. Before the Civil War, Green county was controlled by a small group of extremely wealthy slave owning planters. These men used the legal and social structures of

text: slavery

text: marriage

text: , and

text: capitalism

text: to maintain and increase their wealth and power.  Lawyers and merchants played a secondary in the power structure as facilitators of the planters’ power.  The vast majority of whites in the county were small farmers, craftsmen, or tenant farmers. More than sixty percent of the county’s population were slaves working on

text: cotton

text: plantations.  These

text: plantations

text: produced huge amounts of wealth for the plantation elite.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How Curious a Land

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How Curious a Land

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of planter: craftsmen, small farmers, or tenant farmers?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: law and the legal system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Lawyers and merchants

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: a small group of extremely wealthy slave owning planters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Lawyers and merchants

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: power. Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: sixty percent of the county’s population were slaves

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: extend their power.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: In his work, How Curious a Land,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: In his work, How Curious a Land,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: marriage,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Lawyers and merchants

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: sixty

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Lawyers and merchants

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: In his work, How Curious a Land,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: sixty percent of the county’s population were slaves

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: slave owning planters.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: power. Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: In his work, How Curious a Land,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: a small group of extremely wealthy slave owning planters.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Before the Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: capitalism to maintain and increase their wealth and power. Lawyers and merchants

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cotton

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: capitalism to maintain and increase their wealth and power. Lawyers and merchants

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Civil War,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: merchants

text: The major homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance is renal excretion.  The kidney is directed to excrete or retain sodium via the action of aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and other hormones. Abnormal ranges of the fractional excretion of sodium can imply acute tubular necrosis or glomerular dysfunction.

text: The major

text: homeostatic

text: control point for maintaining this stable balance is renal excretion.  The kidney is directed to excrete or retain sodium via the action of

text: aldosterone

text: antidiuretic hormone

text: (ADH, or vasopressin),

text: atrial natriuretic peptide

text: (ANP), and other hormones. Abnormal ranges of the

text: fractional excretion of sodium

text: can imply

text: acute tubular necrosis

text: or

text: glomerular

text: dysfunction.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands in the skin, or the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the major homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the major homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sodium excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain this stable balance

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the major homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: renal excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is sodium reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete or retain sodium

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acute tubular necrosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the major homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Vasopressin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: homeostatic control point for maintaining this stable balance is renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete or retain sodium

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: glomerular dysfunction.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: acute tubular necrosis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular dysfunction.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The kidney is directed to excrete or retain sodium

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acute tubular necrosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: glomerular dysfunction.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: glomerular dysfunction.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The mesonephros () is one of three excretory organs that develop in vertebrates. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals. The mesonephros is included in the Wolffian body after Caspar Friedrich Wolff who described it in 1759. (The Wolffian body is composed of : mesonephros + paramesonephrotic blastema)

text: The mesonephros () is one of three

text: excretory organs

text: that develop in

text: vertebrate

text: s. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary kidney in reptiles, birds, and mammals. The mesonephros is included in the Wolffian body after

text: Caspar Friedrich Wolff

text: who described it in 1759. (The Wolffian body is composed of : mesonephros + paramesonephrotic blastema)

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: mesonephros + paramesonephrotic blastema?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the mesonephros do?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory organ

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory organ

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: blastema

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs that develop in vertebrates.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory organs that develop in vertebrates.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory organs that develop in vertebrates.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: paramesonephrotic blastema)

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: paramesonephrotic blastema)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mesonephros

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: mesonephros

text: The organs of Bojanus or Bojanus organs are excretory glands that serve the function of kidneys in some of the Mollusca. In other words, these are metanephridia that are found in some mollusks, for example in the bivalves. Some other molluscs have another type of organ for excretion called Keber's organ.

text: The organs of Bojanus or Bojanus organs are excretory glands that serve the function of

text: kidney

text: s in some of the

text: Mollusca

text: . In other words, these are

text: metanephridia

text: that are found in some mollusks, for example in the

text: bivalves

text: . Some other molluscs have another type of organ for

text: excretion

text: called

text: Keber's organ

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Keber's organ.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Bojanus organs

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Bojanus organs

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: serve the function of kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Keber's organ

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Bojanus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Keber's organ

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Keber's organ

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Keber's organ

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Keber's

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Keber's

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Keber's organ.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Bojanus or Bojanus organs are excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Bojanus or Bojanus organs are excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Bojanus

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Bojanus

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Keber's organ.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: metanephridia

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Bojanus or Bojanus organs are excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Keber's organ.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Keber's organ.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Bojanus

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The organs of Bojanus

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory glands

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Keber's organ.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: metanephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Keber's organ.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis, regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure. The kidney accomplishes these homeostatic functions both independently and in concert with other organs, particularly those of the endocrine system. Various endocrine hormones coordinate these endocrine functions; these include renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide, among others.

text: The kidney participates in whole-body

text: homeostasis

text: , regulating

text: acid-base balance

text: electrolyte

text: concentrations,

text: extracellular fluid volume

text: , and

text: blood pressure

text: . The kidney accomplishes these homeostatic functions both independently and in concert with other organs, particularly those of the

text: endocrine system

text: . Various endocrine hormones coordinate these endocrine functions; these include

text: renin

text: angiotensin II

text: aldosterone

text: antidiuretic hormone

text: , and

text: atrial natriuretic peptide

text: , among others.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: extracellular fluid volume

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulating acid-base balance

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulating acid-base balance

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: antidiuretic

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulating acid-base balance

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: regulating acid-base balance

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: extracellular fluid

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: both independently and in concert with other organs,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acid-base balance,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulating acid-base balance,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: both independently and in concert with other organs,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: extracellular fluid

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulating acid-base balance,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: regulating acid-base balance,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renin,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renin,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: atrial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari were serialized in two different magazines by different publishers. The first one, with the title Umi Monogatari ~Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto~, follows the same story as the anime. The second, titled Umi Monogatari: Minna Aishiteru! (Sea Story: Everyone, I love you!), has a yonkoma format and follows Marin and Urin's experiences on the island.

text: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari were serialized in two different magazines by different publishers. The first one, with the title Umi Monogatari ~Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto~, follows the same story as the anime. The second, titled Umi Monogatari: Minna Aishiteru! (Sea Story: Everyone, I love you!), has a

text: yonkoma

text: format and follows Marin and Urin's experiences on the island.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion do not include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the final answer?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari were serialized in two different magazines by different publishers?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: How many manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari were serialized in two different magazines by different publishers

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys does Umi Monogatari have?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is Urin's experience on the island?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Urin

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: yonkoma

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urin

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Ite Kureta Koto<unk>

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: yonkoma

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: yonkoma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto<unk>

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: island.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a yonkoma format and follows Marin and Urin's

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: yonkoma

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: yonkoma format and follows Marin and Urin's

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Ite Kureta Koto<unk>

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Two manga adaptations of Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Umi Monogatari

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urin's

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: yonkoma

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: yonkoma format and follows Marin and Urin's

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: yonkoma format and follows Marin and Urin's

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: yonkoma

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: yonkoma format and follows Marin and Urin's

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urin's

text: Large-format line arrays are designed for large venues or outdoor festivals. These boxes typically included multiple vertically aligned high frequency compression drivers and multiple midrange and low drivers arranged symmetrically around the compression driver. The low frequency driver is typically 15 or 18 inches in diameter. Mid-format line arrays are typically two or three way and use 10 or 12 inch low-frequency drivers. The horizontal coverage is typically 90 degrees wide but some systems employ narrower boxes at the top or wider boxes at the bottom of the array. Using a transition frame (which aligns the rigging on dissimilar systems), system engineers may sometimes hang a mid-format box below a large-format box to cover the closest audience members. Speaker boxes from different manufacturers are not mixed because each system has a particular 'voicing' which may be common to a single manufacturer.

text: Large-format line arrays are designed for large venues or outdoor festivals. These boxes typically included multiple vertically aligned high frequency compression drivers and multiple midrange and low drivers arranged symmetrically around the compression driver. The low frequency driver is typically 15 or 18 inches in diameter. Mid-format line arrays are typically two or three way and use 10 or 12 inch low-frequency drivers. The horizontal coverage is typically 90 degrees wide but some systems employ narrower boxes at the top or wider boxes at the bottom of the array. Using a transition frame (which aligns the rigging on dissimilar systems), system engineers may sometimes hang a mid-format box below a large-format box to cover the closest audience members. Speaker boxes from different manufacturers are not mixed because each system has a particular 'voicing' which may be common to a single manufacturer.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood and return it to the body.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: low frequency driver

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: 15 or 18 inches in diameter.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 15 or 18 inches in diameter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: low frequency driver

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: manufacturer.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Using a transition frame (which aligns the rigging

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Large-format

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 15 or 18

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vertically aligned high frequency compression drivers

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: symmetrically around the compression driver.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: symmetrically around the compression driver.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Large-format line arrays

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: compression drivers

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: compression drivers

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: compression drivers

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: midrange and low drivers arranged symmetrically around the compression driver.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: compression drivers

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: compression drivers

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: low drivers arranged symmetrically around the compression driver.

text: An urostomy is a related procedure performed more distally along the urinary system to provide urinary diversion.

text: An

text: urostomy

text: is a related procedure performed more distally along the urinary system to provide urinary diversion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system is part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: provide urinary diversion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: provide urinary diversion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary diversion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: An urostomy

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary diversion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary diversion.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urostomy

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urostomy

text: There are no nephridia ("little kidneys") or other excretory organs in bryozoa, and it is thought that ammonia diffuses out through the body wall and lophophore. More complex waste products are not excreted but accumulate in the polypide, which degenerates after a few weeks. Some of the old polypide is recycled, but much of it remains as a large mass of dying cells containing accumulated wastes, and this is compressed into a "brown body". When the degeneration is complete, the cystid (outer part of the animal) produces a new polypide, and the brown body remains in the coelom, or in the stomach of the new polypide and is expelled next time the animal defecates.

text: There are no

text: nephridia

text: ("little kidneys") or other

text: excretory

text: organs in bryozoa, and it is thought that

text: ammonia

text: diffuses

text: out through the body wall and lophophore. More complex waste products are not excreted but accumulate in the

text: polypide

text: , which degenerates after a few weeks. Some of the old polypide is recycled, but much of it remains as a large mass of dying cells containing accumulated wastes, and this is compressed into a "brown body". When the degeneration is complete, the cystid (outer part of the animal) produces a new polypide, and the brown body remains in the

text: coelom

text: , or in the stomach of the new polypide and is expelled next time the animal

text: defecate

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: brown body remains in the coelom

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: polypide

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: defecate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: "little kidneys"

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: polypide

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: "brown body"

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridia ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridia ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: defecates.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory organs in bryozoa,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephridia ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephridia ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no nephridia ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: defecates.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no nephridia

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Some of the old polypide

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: accumulate in the polypide,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: lophophore.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridia ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polypide,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ("little kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ("little kidneys")

text: It is exemplified that in Segmentary differentiation if a segment fails to fulfill its function it does not affect or threaten the larger system. If an auto plant in Michigan stops production this does not threaten the overall system, or the plants in other locations. However, as complexity increases so does the risk of system breakdown. If a rank structure in a Stratified system fails, it threatens the system; a Center-Periphery system might be threatened if the control measure, or the Center/Headquarters failed; and in a Functionally differentiated system, due to the existence of interdependence despite independence the failure of one unit will cause a problem for the social system, possibly leading to its breakdown. The growth of complexity increases the abilities of a system to deal with its environment, but complexity increases the risk of system breakdown. It is important to note that more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems, in some instances the more complex system may require the existence of the less complex system to function (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

text: It is exemplified that in Segmentary differentiation if a segment fails to fulfill its function it does not affect or threaten the larger system. If an auto plant in Michigan stops production this does not threaten the overall system, or the plants in other locations. However, as complexity increases so does the risk of system breakdown. If a rank structure in a Stratified system fails, it threatens the system; a Center-Periphery system might be threatened if the control measure, or the Center/Headquarters failed; and in a Functionally differentiated system, due to the existence of interdependence despite independence the failure of one unit will cause a problem for the social system, possibly leading to its breakdown. The growth of complexity increases the abilities of a system to deal with its environment, but complexity increases the risk of system breakdown. It is important to note that more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems, in some instances the more complex system may require the existence of the less complex system to function (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a complex system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: periphery

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Segmentary differentiation

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: the kidneys filter all of the blood

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: fulfill its function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the more complex system may require the existence of the less complex system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Ritzer 2007:98-100

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: centrifugal force

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: to deal with its environment

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: it does not affect or threaten the larger system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Segmentary differentiation

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Stratified system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Periphery

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Segmentary differentiation if a segment fails to fulfill its function

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: function it does not affect or threaten the larger system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: complexity

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Center-Periphery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: more complex systems do not necessarily exclude less complex systems,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: if a segment fails to fulfill its function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: threaten the larger system.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Center-Periphery

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Center-Periphery

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Center-Periphery

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (Ritzer 2007:98-100).

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: control measure,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Segmentary differentiation

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Segmentary differentiation

text: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs, an intervener communicatively increases attention to how current needs are not being met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled. Then the intervener advocates an alternative interpretation of needs and shows how it makes better sense of experience in the attempt to increase others' openness to this needs proposal. To prevent a shift in needs, an intervener foregrounds anomalies in the proposed interpretation of needs. Then the intervener advocates a way to account for anomalies in the currently existing interpretation of needs to attempt to maintain the current interpretation of needs. In both cases, communication drives social system change and continuity.

text: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs, an intervener communicatively increases attention to how current needs are not being met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled. Then the intervener advocates an alternative interpretation of needs and shows how it makes better sense of experience in the attempt to increase others' openness to this needs proposal. To prevent a shift in needs, an intervener foregrounds anomalies in the proposed interpretation of needs. Then the intervener advocates a way to account for anomalies in the currently existing interpretation of needs to attempt to maintain the current interpretation of needs. In both cases, communication drives social system change and continuity.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The wastes exit the kidneys through the ureters.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys work?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: to prevent a shift in needs

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unfulfilled

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the primary function of the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: current needs are not being met

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: social system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: current needs are not being met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: anomalies

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: intervener

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: needs,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: current needs are not being met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: current needs are not being met

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: According to the model,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: current needs are not being met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: met

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: met

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: intervener

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: According to the model,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: model,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: current needs are not being met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: a way to account for anomalies

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: met

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: model,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: current needs are not being met or how needs expectancies are unfulfilled.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: According to the model,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: alternative interpretation of needs and shows how it makes better sense of experience

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: According to the model, to promote a shift in needs,

text: The expression of hepcidin, which only occurs in certain cell types such as hepatocytes, is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level and it represents the link between cellular and systemic iron homeostasis due to hepcidin's role as "gatekeeper" of iron release from enterocytes into the rest of the body. Erythroblasts produce erythroferrone, a hormone which inhibits hepcidin and so increases the availability of iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis.

text: The expression of hepcidin, which only occurs in certain cell types such as

text: hepatocyte

text: s, is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level and it represents the link between cellular and systemic iron homeostasis due to hepcidin's role as "gatekeeper" of iron release from enterocytes into the rest of the body.

text: Erythroblasts

text: produce

text: erythroferrone

text: , a hormone which inhibits hepcidin and so increases the availability of iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: systemic iron homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does hepcidin do?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: enterocytes

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: iron homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does hepcidin do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: increases the availability of iron

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does hepcidin do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the role of hepcidin?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hepcidin

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, ureters, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hepatocytes

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Hepcidin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: enterocytes

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: enterocytes

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The expression of hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: erythroferrone,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: iron release from enterocytes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Erythroblasts produce erythroferrone,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hepatocytes,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The expression of hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: enterocytes

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: increases the availability of iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: increases the availability of iron

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: expression of hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The expression of hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hepatocytes,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hepatocytes,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemoglobin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hepcidin,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: enterocytes

text: In this research, Haddad has brought a longstanding research theme to fruition by his work on vector dissipative systems approaches to large-scale nonlinear dynamical systems. This work has broad application to large-scale aerospace systems, air traffic control systems, power and energy grid systems, manufacturing and processing systems, transportation systems, communication and information networks, integrative biological systems, biological neural networks, biomolecular and biochemical systems, nervous systems, immune systems, environmental and ecological systems, molecular, quantum, and nanoscale systems, particulate and chemical reaction systems, and economic and financial systems, to name but a few examples. His most recent book in this area, Stability and Control of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems: A Vector Dissipative Systems Approach, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011, addresses highly interconnected and mutually interdependent complex aerospace dynamical systems.

text: In this research, Haddad has brought a longstanding research theme to fruition by his work on vector dissipative systems approaches to large-scale nonlinear dynamical systems. This work has broad application to large-scale

text: aerospace systems

text: air traffic control

text: systems,

text: power

text: and energy grid systems,

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: process

text: ing systems,

text: transportation

text: systems,

text: communication

text: and

text: information networks

text: , integrative

text: biological systems

text: biological neural networks

text: biomolecular and biochemical systems

text: nervous systems

text: immune systems

text: environmental and ecological systems

text: molecular

text: quantum

text: , and

text: nanoscale systems

text: , particulate and

text: chemical reaction

text: systems, and

text: economic

text: and

text: financial

text: systems, to name but a few examples. His most recent book in this area,

text: Stability and Control of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems: A Vector Dissipative Systems Approach

text: , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011, addresses highly interconnected and mutually interdependent complex aerospace dynamical systems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: immune system is part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney filter wastes from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices are available

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: immune systems

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How are the kidneys related to the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: immune systems

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: have broad application to large-scale nonlinear dynamical systems

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: immune systems

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: immune systems

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: immune systems

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: immune systems

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: biological neural networks,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: biomolecular and biochemical systems, nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: biological neural networks,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: biomolecular and biochemical systems, nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: immune

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nanoscale

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: immune

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nervous systems, immune systems,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: immune systems,

text: People excrete far more water-soluble plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) in urine than in feces. Human urine can be used directly as fertilizer or it can be put onto compost. Adding a healthy person's urine to compost usually will increase temperatures and therefore increase its ability to destroy pathogens and unwanted seeds. Urine from a person with no obvious symptoms of infection is much more sanitary than fresh feces. Unlike feces, urine does not attract disease-spreading flies (such as house flies or blow flies), and it does not contain the most hardy of pathogens, such as parasitic worm eggs. Urine usually does not stink for long, particularly when it is fresh, diluted, or put on sorbents.

text: People excrete far more

text: water-soluble

text: plant nutrients (

text: nitrogen

text: phosphorus

text: potassium

text: ) in

text: urine

text: than in

text: feces

text: . Human

text: urine can be used directly as fertilizer

text: or it can be put onto compost. Adding a healthy person's urine to compost usually will increase temperatures and therefore increase its ability to destroy pathogens and unwanted seeds. Urine from a person with no obvious symptoms of infection is much more sanitary than fresh feces. Unlike feces, urine does not attract disease-spreading flies (such as

text: house flies

text: or

text: blow flies

text: ), and it does not contain the most hardy of pathogens, such as

text: parasitic worm

text: eggs. Urine usually does not stink for long, particularly when it is fresh, diluted, or put on

text: sorbent

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does urine get into the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete far more water-soluble plant nutrients

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete far more water-soluble plant nutrients

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphorus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: potassium) in urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete far more water-soluble plant nutrients

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine than in feces.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphorus, potassium)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sorbents.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: F. hepatica's excretory system contains a network of tubules surrounding one main excretory canal. This canal leads to the excretory pore at the posterior end of the fluke. This main canal branches into four sections within the dorsal and ventral regions of the body. The role of F. hepatica's excretory system is excretion and osmoregulation. Each tubule within the excretory system is connected to a flame cell, otherwise known as protonephridia. These cells are modified parenchyme cells. In F. hepatica their role is to perform excretory, but more importantly, osmoregulatory functions. Flame cells are therefore primarily used to remove excess water.

text: F. hepatica's

text: excretory system

text: contains a network of

text: tubules

text: surrounding one main

text: excretory canal

text: . This canal leads to the

text: excretory pore

text: at the posterior end of the

text: fluke

text: . This main canal branches into four sections within the dorsal and ventral regions of the body. The role of F. hepatica's

text: excretory system

text: is

text: excretion

text: and

text: osmoregulation

text: . Each

text: tubule

text: within the

text: excretory system

text: is connected to a

text: flame cell

text: , otherwise known as

text: protonephridia

text: . These cells are modified

text: parenchyme

text: cells. In F. hepatica their role is to perform

text: excretory

text: , but more importantly,

text: osmoregulatory

text: functions.

text: Flame cell

text: s are therefore primarily used to remove excess water.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the excretory system work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the main excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the excretory system: excretion and osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many sections does the excretory system branch into?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove excess water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are correct

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flame cells

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: main excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove excess water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a network of tubules surrounding one main excretory canal?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: fluke

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Flame cells are therefore primarily used to remove excess water.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory pore at the posterior end of the fluke.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: flame cell,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Flame cells are therefore primarily used to remove excess water.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion and osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove excess water.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: one main excretory canal.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Flame cells

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: F. hepatica's

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Flame cells

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: flame cell, otherwise known as protonephridia.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: flame cell,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove excess water.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excess water.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory pore at the posterior end of the fluke.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: flame cell, otherwise known as protonephridia.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: fluke.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pore

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: fluke.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Flame cells are therefore primarily used to remove excess water.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: fluke.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory canal.

text: Debate exists about whether all—or only some—people produce the smell, and whether all (or only some) people identify the smell. Originally, this was thought to be because some people digested asparagus differently from others, so some excreted odorous urine after eating asparagus, and others did not. In the 1980s, three studies from France, China, and Israel published results showing that producing odorous urine from asparagus was a common human characteristic. The Israeli study found that from their 307 subjects, all of those who could smell 'asparagus urine' could detect it in the urine of anyone who had eaten asparagus, even if the person who produced it could not detect it. However, a 2010 study found variations in both production of odorous urine and the ability to detect the odor, but that these were not tightly related. Most people are thought to produce the odorous compounds after eating asparagus, but the differing abilities of various individuals to detect the odor at increasing dilutions suggests a genetically determined specific sensitivity.

text: Debate exists about whether all—or only some—people produce the smell, and whether all (or only some) people identify the smell. Originally, this was thought to be because some people digested asparagus differently from others, so some excreted odorous urine after eating asparagus, and others did not. In the 1980s, three studies from France, China, and Israel published results showing that producing odorous urine from asparagus was a common human characteristic. The Israeli study found that from their 307 subjects, all of those who could smell 'asparagus urine' could detect it in the urine of anyone who had eaten asparagus, even if the person who produced it could not detect it. However, a 2010 study found variations in both production of odorous urine and the ability to detect the odor, but that these were not tightly related. Most people are thought to produce the odorous compounds after eating asparagus, but the differing abilities of various individuals to detect the odor at increasing dilutions suggests a genetically determined specific sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excreted odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Asparagus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: genetically determined specific sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: genetically determined specific sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: genetically determined specific sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: asparagus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 307

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: genetically determined specific sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: genetically determined specific sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: genetically determined specific sensitivity.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excreted odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excreted odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: odorous compounds

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: odorous urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The integumentary system functions in osmoregulation by acting as a barrier between the extracellular compartment and the environment to regulate water gain and loss, as well as solute flux. The permeability of the integument to water and solutes varies from animal to animal. The excretory system is responsible for regulating water and solute levels in the body fluids. Pigeons can produce hyperosmotic urine but their renal system is different from other animals. They do not produce concentrated urine to reduce water loss but produce a whitish part called urate. It is considered as uric acid solid crystals and it is less toxic than urea. The wastes move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries passes through the tubule cells and into the collecting ducts and transported as urate (uric acid). Urate is then transported to the cloaca and from there to the large intestine where uric acid particle and water and solutes in the urine can be reabsorbed and balanced. Thus this allows them to save their body water instead of excreting large volume of dilute urea. Cells of the proximal tubule have numerous microvilli and mitochondria which provide surface area and energy to the proximal tubule cells.

text: The integumentary system functions in osmoregulation by acting as a barrier between the extracellular compartment and the environment to regulate water gain and loss, as well as solute flux. The permeability of the integument to water and solutes varies from animal to animal. The

text: excretory system

text: is responsible for regulating water and solute levels in the body fluids. Pigeons can produce hyperosmotic urine but their renal system is different from other animals. They do not produce concentrated urine to reduce water loss but produce a whitish part called urate. It is considered as uric acid solid crystals and it is less toxic than urea. The wastes move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries passes through the tubule cells and into the collecting ducts and transported as urate (uric acid). Urate is then transported to the

text: cloaca

text: and from there to the large intestine where

text: uric acid

text: particle and water and solutes in the urine can be reabsorbed and balanced. Thus this allows them to save their body water instead of excreting large volume of dilute urea. Cells of the

text: proximal tubule

text: have numerous microvilli and mitochondria which provide surface area and energy to the proximal tubule cells.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs are responsible for regulating water and solute levels in the body fluids?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the wastes move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How does the excretory system work?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: transport as urate (uric acid)

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: integument

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for regulating water and solute levels in the body fluids

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does a pigeon have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What allows them to save their body water

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: produce a whitish part called urate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid solid crystals

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which organ is responsible for regulating water and solute levels in the body fluids?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: peritubular capillaries

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: peritubular capillaries

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urate.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water and solute levels in the body fluids.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: peritubular capillaries

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorbed and balanced.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulating water and solute levels in the body fluids.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Pigeons

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: integumentary

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Pigeons can produce hyperosmotic urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: produce a whitish part called urate.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dilute urea.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Pigeons can produce hyperosmotic urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hyperosmotic urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: large intestine

text: Metallotolerants adapt to their environment by reducing energy loss by excreting less.

text: Metallotolerants adapt to their environment by reducing energy loss by excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reducing energy loss

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: evaporation.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting less

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting less

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does metalotolerant mean?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: metalotolerants

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excreting

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Metallotolerants adapt to their environment by reducing energy loss

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excreting

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: energy loss

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reducing energy loss by excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excreting

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Metallotolerants adapt to their environment by reducing energy loss

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excreting less.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excreting

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excreting

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Metallotolerants

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excreting

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excreting

text: About half the initial dosage is excreted after 6 hours, but some studies suggest that it is not metabolized at all before excretion. Mescaline appears to not be subject to metabolism by CYP2D6 and between 20% and 50% of mescaline is excreted in the urine unchanged, and the rest being excreted as the carboxylic acid form of mescaline, a likely result of MAO degradation. The LD of mescaline has been measured in various animals: 212 mg/kg i.p. (mice), 132 mg/kg i.p. (rats), and 328 mg/kg i.p. (guinea pigs).

text: About half the initial dosage is excreted after 6 hours, but some studies suggest that it is not metabolized at all before excretion. Mescaline appears to not be subject to metabolism by

text: and between 20% and 50% of mescaline is excreted in the urine unchanged, and the rest being excreted as the

text: carboxylic acid

text: form of mescaline, a likely result of

text: MAO

text: degradation. The

text: LD

text: of mescaline has been measured in various animals: 212 mg/kg i.p. (mice), 132 mg/kg i.p. (rats), and 328 mg/kg i.p. (guinea pigs).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many hours does it take for mescaline to be excreted?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water and salts from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do humans have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, mescaline, or CYP2D6?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: mescaline

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mescaline

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: i.p

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Mescaline

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: half the initial dosage is excreted

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: it is not metabolized at all before excretion.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Mescaline

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Mescaline

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: i.p.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: CYP2D6

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Most metabolic processes have a specific and narrow range of pH where operation is possible, multiple regulatory systems are in place to maintain homeostasis. Fluctuations away from optimal operating pH can slow or impair reactions and possibly cause damage to cellular structures or proteins. To maintain homeostasis the body may excrete excess acid or base through the urine, via gas exchange in the lungs, or buffer it in the blood. The bicarbonate buffering system of blood plasma effectively holds a steady pH and helps to hold extracellular pH around 7.35. The kidneys are responsible for the majority of acid-base regulation but can excrete urine no lower than a pH of 5. This means that a 330mL can of cola, for example, usually ranging in pH from 2.8 - 3.2, would need to be diluted 100 fold before being excreted. Instead of producing 33L of urine from one can of cola, the body relies on buffer to neutralize the acid. Systemic acidosis can be the result of multiple factors, not just diet. Anaerobic exercise, diabetes, AIDS, aging, menopause, inflammation, infections, tumours, and other wounds and fractures all contribute to acidosis. Blood has an average pH of 7.40 but interstitial fluid can vary. Interstitial pH of the skin, for example, is ~7.1. There is no data available for bone.

text: Most metabolic processes have a specific and narrow range of pH where operation is possible, multiple regulatory systems are in place to maintain

text: homeostasis

text: . Fluctuations away from optimal operating pH can slow or impair reactions and possibly cause damage to cellular structures or proteins. To maintain homeostasis the body may excrete excess acid or base through the

text: urine

text: , via

text: gas exchange

text: in the lungs, or buffer it in the blood. The

text: bicarbonate buffering system

text: of blood plasma effectively holds a steady pH and helps to hold

text: extracellular

text: pH around 7.35. The

text: kidneys

text: are responsible for the majority of acid-base regulation but can excrete urine no lower than a pH of 5. This means that a 330mL can of cola, for example, usually ranging in pH from 2.8 - 3.2, would need to be diluted 100 fold before being excreted. Instead of producing 33L of urine from one can of cola, the body relies on buffer to neutralize the acid. Systemic acidosis can be the result of multiple factors, not just diet.

text: Anaerobic exercise

text: diabetes

text: AIDS

text: , aging,

text: menopause

text: inflammation

text: infections

text: tumours

text: , and other wounds and fractures all contribute to acidosis. Blood has an average pH of 7.40 but interstitial fluid can vary. Interstitial pH of the skin, for example, is ~7.1. There is no data available for bone.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gas exchange in the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs are responsible for the majority of acid-base regulation?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acid-base regulation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no data available

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: gas exchange

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete urine no lower than a pH of 5

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which organ is responsible for the majority of acid-base regulation?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gas exchange

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 7.40

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: 7.40

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The kidneys are responsible for the majority of acid-base regulation

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acid-base

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine no lower than a pH of 5.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete excess acid

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: acid-base regulation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bone.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: gas exchange in the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine, via gas exchange in the lungs,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The kidneys are responsible for the majority of acid-base regulation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Systemic acidosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: 5.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The bicarbonate buffering system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The kidneys

text: Renal physiology (Latin rēnēs, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney. This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules;  regulation of blood pressure; production of various hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D.

text: Renal physiology (

text: Latin

text: rēnēs, "kidneys") is the study of the

text: physiology

text: of the

text: kidney

text: . This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of

text: acid-base balance

text: ; regulation of

text: fluid balance

text: ; regulation of

text: sodium

text: potassium

text: , and other

text: electrolyte

text: s;

text: clearance

text: of

text: toxin

text: s; absorption of

text: glucose

text: amino acid

text: s, and other small molecules;  regulation of

text: blood pressure

text: ; production of various

text: hormone

text: s, such as

text: erythropoietin

text: ; and activation of

text: vitamin D

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered into each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulation of fluid balance

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: absorption of glucose

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: clearance of toxins

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure;

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: clearance of toxins;

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulation of blood pressure;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules;

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulation of fluid balance;

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: absorption

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: small molecules;

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: "kidneys")

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: potassium,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: toxins;

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Renal

text: The kidneys are slower to compensate, but renal physiology has several powerful mechanisms to control pH by the excretion of excess acid or base. In response to acidosis, tubular cells reabsorb more bicarbonate from the tubular fluid, collecting duct cells secrete more hydrogen and generate more bicarbonate, and ammonia genesis leads to increased formation of the  buffer. In responses to alkalosis, the kidney may excrete more bicarbonate by decreasing hydrogen ion secretion from the tubular epithelial cells, and lowering rates of glutamine metabolism and ammonium excretion.

text: The

text: kidneys

text: are slower to compensate, but

text: renal physiology

text: has several powerful mechanisms to control pH by the excretion of excess acid or base. In response to

text: acidosis

text: tubular

text: cells reabsorb more bicarbonate from the tubular fluid,

text: collecting duct

text: cells secrete more hydrogen and generate more bicarbonate, and ammonia genesis leads to increased formation of the  buffer. In responses to

text: alkalosis

text: , the kidney may excrete more bicarbonate by decreasing hydrogen ion secretion from the tubular

text: epithelial

text: cells, and lowering rates of

text: glutamine

text: metabolism and ammonium excretion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system, the respiratory system, and the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs are slower to compensate, but renal physiology has several powerful mechanisms to control pH by the excretion of excess acid or base?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubular cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tubular cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of excess acid or base

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tubular cells

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion of excess acid or base

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: slower to compensate

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: buffer

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: tubular fluid,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of excess acid or base.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: control pH

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tubular cells

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal physiology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorb more bicarbonate from the tubular fluid,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion of excess acid or base.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: slower to compensate,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: buffer.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: collecting duct cells

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Fell's career began during the early stages of the development of tissue culture as a method for working with living cells. Before Fell joined, this research was originally started by biologist Ross Harrison in 1907. In 1910 he started by performing small experiments.This enabled scientists to study living differentiated cells in environments that resembled the behaviour of organs in the animal body. The transition from histological examination of fixed, stained tissues to observation of living cells attracted great enthusiasm when the techniques were first developed, although their utility was somewhat controversial among scientists during the early days.The most remarkable and fundamental method on cell culture is cell hybridization.  An organ culture is an excellent experimental system to study the responses of organized, functional cells to environmental factors.  Tissue culture also attracted significant popular media interest, with contemporary reports describing Fell as a woman working on "cultivating life in bottles" and tissue culture as leading to the growth of human babies in test tubes. Even though tissue culture has made such progress, it cannot tell us about the physiology of an animal’s circulatory or excretory systems or the physiology of its brain or sense organs. Which means the chemical compound that might appear quite harmless when tested on a tissue culture when administered, it might have disastrous side-effects.

text: Fell's career began during the early stages of the development of

text: tissue culture

text: as a method for working with living

text: cells

text: . Before Fell joined, this research was originally started by biologist Ross Harrison in 1907. In 1910 he started by performing small experiments.This enabled scientists to study living

text: differentiated

text: cells in environments that resembled the behaviour of organs in the animal body. The transition from

text: histological

text: examination of

text: fixed

text: stained

text: tissues to observation of living cells attracted great enthusiasm when the techniques were first developed, although their utility was somewhat controversial among scientists during the early days.The most remarkable and fundamental method on cell culture is cell hybridization.  An organ culture is an excellent experimental system to study the responses of organized, functional cells to environmental factors.  Tissue culture also attracted significant popular media interest, with contemporary reports describing Fell as a woman working on "cultivating life in bottles" and tissue culture as leading to the growth of human babies in test tubes. Even though tissue culture has made such progress, it cannot tell us about the physiology of an animal’s circulatory or excretory systems or the physiology of its brain or sense organs. Which means the chemical compound that might appear quite harmless when tested on a tissue culture when administered, it might have disastrous side-effects.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a physiology of an animal’s circulatory or excretory systems?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does tissue culture not tell us about?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: disastrous side-effects

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Ross Harrison

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Tissue culture

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory or excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain or sense organs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1907.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1907.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: disastrous side-effects.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: tissue culture

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cell hybridization.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: The mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is to conduct and support medical research and research training and to disseminate science-based information on diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases, nutritional disorders, and obesity; and kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases, to improve people’s health and quality of life.

text: The mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is to conduct and support medical research and research training and to disseminate science-based information on diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases, nutritional disorders, and obesity; and kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases, to improve people’s health and quality of life.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does NIDDK do?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: improve people’s health

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (NIDDK)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: NIDDK

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hematologic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: improve people’s health

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hematologic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases;

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hematologic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases;

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases;

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urologic,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urologic,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urologic,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hematologic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hematologic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urologic,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urologic,

text: The lacrimal system is made up of a secretory system, which produces tears, and an excretory system, which drains the tears. The lacrimal gland is primarily responsible for producing emotional or reflexive tears. As tears are produced, some fluid evaporates between blinks, and some is drained through the lacrimal punctum. The tears that are drained through the punctum will eventually be drained through the nose. Any excess fluid that did not go into the punctum will fall over the eyelid, which produces tears that are cried.

text: The

text: lacrimal system

text: is made up of a secretory system, which produces tears, and an excretory system, which drains the tears. The lacrimal gland is primarily responsible for producing emotional or reflexive tears. As tears are produced, some fluid evaporates between blinks, and some is drained through the

text: lacrimal punctum

text: . The tears that are drained through the punctum will eventually be drained through the nose. Any excess fluid that did not go into the punctum will fall over the eyelid, which produces tears that are cried.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered into each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lacrimal system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the lacrimal gland primarily responsible for producing emotional or reflexive tears?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The lacrimal system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: tears.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: drains the tears.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The lacrimal system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lacrimal system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: drained through the lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: drained through the lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: drained through the lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: drained through the lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system, which drains the tears.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: drained through the lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: drained through the lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nose.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nose.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: lacrimal punctum.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: PAH is a critical enzyme in phenylalanine metabolism and catalyzes the rate-limiting step in its complete catabolism to carbon dioxide and water. Regulation of flux through phenylalanine-associated pathways is critical in mammalian metabolism, as evidenced by the toxicity of high plasma levels of this amino acid observed in phenylketonuria (see below.) The principal source of phenylalanine is ingested proteins but relatively little of this pool is used for protein synthesis. Instead, the majority of ingested phenylalanine is catabolized through PAH to form tyrosine; addition of the hydroxyl group allows for the benzene ring to be broken in subsequent catabolic steps. Transamination to phenylpyruvate, whose metabolites are excreted in the urine, represents another pathway of phenylalanine turnover, but catabolism through PAH predominates.

text: PAH is a critical enzyme in phenylalanine metabolism and catalyzes the rate-limiting step in its complete catabolism to carbon dioxide and water. Regulation of flux through phenylalanine-associated pathways is critical in mammalian metabolism, as evidenced by the toxicity of high plasma levels of this amino acid observed in phenylketonuria (see below.) The principal source of phenylalanine is ingested proteins but relatively little of this pool is used for protein synthesis. Instead, the majority of ingested phenylalanine is catabolized through PAH to form tyrosine; addition of the hydroxyl group allows for the benzene ring to be broken in subsequent catabolic steps. Transamination to phenylpyruvate, whose metabolites are excreted in the urine, represents another pathway of phenylalanine turnover, but catabolism through PAH predominates.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the primary source of phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the principal source of ingested phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete in the urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the primary source of phenylalanine?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do humans have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not excreted in the urine: phenylpyruvate, tyrosine, or water?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: tyrosine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: protein synthesis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phenylpyruvate,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: phenylketonuria

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine,

text: FVRCP vaccines have also come under scrutiny of late due to possible risks to long term health. A study at Colorado State University noted an association between vaccination with parenteral (injectable) FVRCP vaccinations and development of antibodies against feline kidney tissue. Antibody development is hypothesized to develop when the immune system reacts to protein contaminants from the cell line used to cultivate vaccinial viruses. The cell line in question, the Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cell line, was derived from a cat kidney. It is currently unknown whether this antibody development can lead to renal disease, though a recent follow-up study demonstrated evidence of inflammation on re-biopsy samples from some of the study cats.

text: FVRCP vaccines have also come under scrutiny of late due to possible risks to long term health. A study at Colorado State University noted an association between vaccination with parenteral (injectable) FVRCP vaccinations and development of antibodies against feline kidney tissue. Antibody development is hypothesized to develop when the immune system reacts to protein contaminants from the cell line used to cultivate vaccinial viruses. The cell line in question, the Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cell line, was derived from a cat kidney. It is currently unknown whether this antibody development can lead to renal disease, though a recent follow-up study demonstrated evidence of inflammation on re-biopsy samples from some of the study cats.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Feline Kidney (CRFK) cell line

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cell line

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cell line

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: FVRCP vaccines

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: FVRCP vaccines

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: antibodies

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney. It is currently unknown whether this antibody development can lead to renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney. It is currently unknown whether this antibody development can lead to renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: antibodies against feline kidney tissue.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: parenteral (injectable)

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: An actuary may refer to risk homeostasis, where (for example) people who have anti-lock brakes have no better safety record than those without anti-lock brakes, because the former unconsciously compensate for the safer vehicle via less-safe driving habits. Previous to the innovation of anti-lock brakes, certain maneuvers involved minor skids, evoking fear and avoidance: Now the anti-lock system moves the boundary for such feedback, and behavior patterns expand into the no-longer punitive area. It has also been suggested  that ecological crises are an instance of risk homeostasis in which a particular behavior continues until proven dangerous or dramatic consequences actually occur.

text: An

text: actuary

text: may refer to risk homeostasis, where (for example) people who have anti-lock brakes have no better safety record than those without anti-lock brakes, because the former unconsciously compensate for the safer vehicle via less-safe driving habits. Previous to the innovation of anti-lock brakes, certain maneuvers involved minor skids, evoking fear and avoidance: Now the anti-lock system moves the boundary for such feedback, and behavior patterns expand into the no-longer punitive area. It has also been suggested  that ecological crises are an instance of risk homeostasis in which a particular behavior continues until proven dangerous or dramatic consequences actually occur.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system moves the boundary for such feedback

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood containing wastes

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: normal range

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: anti-lock

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: people who have anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: people who have anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: people who have anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unconsciously compensate for the safer vehicle via less-safe driving habits.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: compensate for the safer vehicle via less-safe driving habits.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: people who have anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: brakes,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: people who have anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unconsciously compensate for the safer vehicle via less-safe driving habits.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: less-safe driving habits.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: people who have anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: people who have anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: anti-lock brakes,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: risk homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: anti-lock brakes

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: system

text: Regucalcin plays a pivotal role in the keep of intracellular Ca homeostasis due to activating Ca pump enzymes in the plasma membrane (basolateral membrane), microsomes (endoplasmic reticulum) and mitochondria of many cells. Regucalcin is localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, microsomes and nucleus. Regucalcin is translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus with hormone stimulation. Regucalcin has a suppressive effect on calcium signaling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the proliferative cells. Also, regucalcin has been demonstrated to transport into the nucleus of cells, and it can inhibit nuclear protein kinase, protein phosphatase, and deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid synthesis. Regucalcin can control enhancement of cell proliferation due to hormonal stimulation. Moreover, regucalcin has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase, a rate limiting enzyme at translational process of protein synthesis and an activatory effect on cystein protease and superoxide dismutase in liver and kidney cells.

text: Regucalcin plays a pivotal role in the keep of intracellular Ca homeostasis due to activating Ca pump enzymes in the

text: plasma membrane

text: (basolateral membrane), microsomes (endoplasmic reticulum) and mitochondria of many cells. Regucalcin is localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, microsomes and nucleus. Regucalcin is translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus with hormone stimulation. Regucalcin has a suppressive effect on

text: calcium signaling

text: from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the proliferative cells. Also, regucalcin has been demonstrated to transport into the nucleus of cells, and it can inhibit nuclear

text: protein kinase

text: protein phosphatase

text: , and deoxyribonucleic acid and

text: ribonucleic acid

text: synthesis. Regucalcin can control enhancement of

text: cell proliferation

text: due to hormonal stimulation. Moreover, regucalcin has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase, a rate limiting enzyme at translational process of

text: protein synthesis

text: and an activatory effect on cystein protease and superoxide dismutase in liver and kidney cells.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is Regucalcin?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Ca homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does Regucalcin play a pivotal role in?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Regucalcin has a suppressive effect on calcium signaling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the proliferative cells

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: (basolateral membrane),

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Ca homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Ca homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: (endoplasmic reticulum)

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: cytoplasm, mitochondria, microsomes and nucleus.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hormone stimulation.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: cystein protease and superoxide dismutase

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: cystein protease and superoxide dismutase

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Regucalcin

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: (endoplasmic reticulum)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In late 2012, scientists at Emory University compared health risks in workers at a DuPont chemical plant in West Virginia with high PFOA exposure to the risks of the same diseases in other regional DuPont factory workers and in the US population. In comparison with the other DuPont workers, workers at the high-PFOA plant were at roughly three times the risk of dying of mesothelioma or chronic kidney disease, and roughly twice the risk of dying of diabetes mellitus. Workers were at similarly elevated risk for kidney cancer and for non-cancer kidney diseases. In rodents, PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

text: In late 2012, scientists at Emory University compared health risks in workers at a DuPont chemical plant in West Virginia with high PFOA exposure to the risks of the same diseases in other regional DuPont factory workers and in the US population. In comparison with the other DuPont workers, workers at the high-PFOA plant were at roughly three times the risk of dying of

text: mesothelioma

text: or chronic kidney disease, and roughly twice the risk of dying of diabetes mellitus. Workers were at similarly elevated risk for kidney cancer and for non-cancer kidney diseases. In rodents, PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do rodents have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: PFOA

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: In rodents, PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: rodents,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: chronic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes mellitus.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: chronic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: chronic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: diabetes mellitus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: twice

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: rodents, PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: rodents, PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: PFOA concentrates in the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dying of diabetes mellitus.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chronic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: PFOA

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: diabetes mellitus.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell –  [JDSD-04] (Starring Biki Nakahara)

text: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell –  [JDSD-04] (Starring Biki Nakahara)

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cabin attendant excretion hell

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Biki Nakahara

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretion hell

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Biki Nakahara

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Biki Nakahara

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Biki Nakahara

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ten

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: what does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Biki Nakahara

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Biki Nakahara

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Biki Nakahara

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Biki Nakahara)

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: [JDSD-04]

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Biki Nakahara)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 2008-08-22 Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Biki Nakahara)

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Biki Nakahara)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Cabin Attendant Excretion Hell

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Biki Nakahara)

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Excretion

text: The results of these tests are used to assess the excretory function of the kidneys. Staging of chronic kidney disease is based on categories of GFR as well as albuminuria and cause of kidney disease.

text: The results of these tests are used to assess the excretory function of the kidneys. Staging of

text: chronic kidney disease

text: is based on categories of GFR as well as

text: albuminuria

text: and cause of

text: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory function of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: albuminuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory function of the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Staging of chronic kidney disease is based on categories of GFR

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: albuminuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Some studies seem to suggest that the longer a patient is on dialysis before the transplant, the less time the kidney will last. It is not clear why this occurs, but it underscores the need for rapid referral to a transplant program. Ideally, a kidney transplant should be pre-emptive, i.e., take place before the patient begins dialysis. The reason why kidneys fail over time after transplantation has been elucidated in recent years. Apart from recurrence of the original kidney disease, also rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring (multifactorial) play a decisive role. Avoiding rejection by strict medication adherence is of utmost importance to avoid failure of the kidney transplant.

text: Some studies seem to suggest that the longer a patient is on dialysis before the transplant, the less time the kidney will last. It is not clear why this occurs, but it underscores the need for rapid referral to a transplant program. Ideally, a kidney transplant should be pre-emptive, i.e., take place before the patient begins dialysis. The reason why kidneys fail over time after transplantation has been elucidated in recent years. Apart from recurrence of the original kidney disease, also rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring (multifactorial) play a decisive role. Avoiding rejection by strict medication adherence is of utmost importance to avoid failure of the kidney transplant.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the kidney work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: avoid rejection by strict medication adherence

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: rejection

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the longer a patient is on dialysis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney transplant should be pre-emptive,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: a kidney transplant should be pre-emptive,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney transplant should be pre-emptive,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney transplant should be pre-emptive,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: medication adherence

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: rejection

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney transplant should be pre-emptive,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Avoiding rejection by strict medication adherence

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: scarring

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The Balinese caste system is a system of social organization similar to the Indian caste system.

text: The Balinese caste system is a system of social organization similar to the

text: Indian caste system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to know

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver is a part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uncontrolled blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: it is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: caste system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Indian caste system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Indian caste system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Indian caste system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The Balinese caste system is a system of social organization

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The Balinese

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The Balinese caste system is a system of social organization

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The Balinese

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a system of social organization similar to the Indian caste system.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The Balinese

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Indian caste system.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Indian caste system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Indian caste system.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The Balinese caste system is a system of social organization

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The Balinese caste system is a system of social organization

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The Balinese

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The Balinese caste system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Indian

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The Balinese caste

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Indian

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Indian

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Indian

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Indian

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Indian

text: <u>Excretion<u>

text: <u>Excretion<u>

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion is part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: organs of excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Wastes are excreted through the kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of excretion is normally under unconscious control.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Excess water and salts from the blood

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is where urine forms.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: u>Excretion

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: u>Excretion

text: Crystallization of calcium oxalate appears to be inhibited by certain substances in the urine that retard the formation, growth, aggregation, and adherence of crystals to renal cells. By purifying urine using salt precipitation, isoelectric focusing, and size-exclusion chromatography, some researchers have found that calgranulin, a protein formed in the kidney, is a potent inhibitor of the in vivo formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Considering its extremely high levels of inhibition of growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals, calgranulin might be an important intrinsic factor in the prevention of nephrolithiasis.

text: Crystallization

text: of calcium oxalate appears to be inhibited by certain substances in the urine that retard the formation, growth, aggregation, and adherence of crystals to renal cells. By purifying urine using

text: salt precipitation

text: isoelectric focusing

text: , and

text: size-exclusion chromatography

text: , some researchers have found that

text: calgranulin

text: , a protein formed in the kidney, is a potent inhibitor of the

text: in vivo

text: formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Considering its extremely high levels of inhibition of growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals, calgranulin might be an important intrinsic factor in the prevention of nephrolithiasis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: calgranulin

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: purifying urine using salt precipitation, isoelectric focusing, and size-exclusion chromatography

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: prevent of nephrolithiasis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: calgranulin

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium oxalate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: isoelectric focusing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal cells.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine using salt precipitation,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephrolithiasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: purifying urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Crystallization of calcium oxalate

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephrolithiasis.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal cells.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine using salt precipitation,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine using salt precipitation,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: calgranulin,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: calgranulin,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephrolithiasis.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: calgranulin,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: calgranulin,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium oxalate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: isoelectric focusing,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephrolithiasis.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria involves excretion of urinary glutamate and aspartate, resulting from the incomplete reabsorption of anionic amino acids from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney. This affects a diseased individual's amino acid pool, as they will have to spend additional resources to replenish the amino acids which would have otherwise been present. Additionally, glutamate transporters are responsible for the synaptic release of the glutamate (neurotransmitter) within the interneuronal synaptic cleft. This hindrance of functionality in individuals with dicarboxylic aminoaciduria may be related to growth retardation, intellectual disability, and a tendency toward fasting hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis . Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria is diagnosed by finding the increased presence of glutamate and aspartate in the urine.

text: Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria involves excretion of urinary glutamate and aspartate, resulting from the incomplete reabsorption of anionic amino acids from the glomerular filtrate in the

text: kidney

text: . This affects a diseased individual's

text: amino acid

text: pool, as they will have to spend additional resources to replenish the

text: amino acids

text: which would have otherwise been present. Additionally, glutamate transporters are responsible for the synaptic release of the glutamate (

text: neurotransmitter

text: ) within the interneuronal synaptic cleft. This hindrance of functionality in individuals with dicarboxylic aminoaciduria may be related to growth retardation,

text: intellectual disability

text: , and a tendency toward fasting

text: hypoglycemia

text: and

text: ketoacidosis

text: . Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria is diagnosed by finding the increased presence of glutamate and aspartate in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the waste enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypoglycemia

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: interneuronal synaptic cleft

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: synaptic release of the glutamate

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fasting hypoglycemia

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ketoacidosis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: interneuronal

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: incomplete reabsorption of anionic amino acids

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: incomplete reabsorption of anionic amino acids

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: The major focus of the Collaboration is on raising awareness of the issue around the world, through events such as the 1st UN Global Road Safety Week in 2007; World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims celebrated on the 3rd Sunday in November every year and the First Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety as well as by providing technical support to countries and guidelines on best practice.  Members of the UNRSC have published guidance on how to set up and monitor programmes around helmet wearing, drinking and driving, speed management, seat-belt and child restraint usage  as well as how to set up and maintain optimal road safety data systems and road safety management systems.

text: The major focus of the Collaboration is on raising awareness of the issue around the world, through events such as the 1st UN Global Road Safety Week in 2007; World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims celebrated on the 3rd Sunday in November every year and the First Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety as well as by providing technical support to countries and guidelines on best practice.  Members of the UNRSC have published guidance on how to set up and monitor programmes around helmet wearing, drinking and driving, speed management, seat-belt and child restraint usage  as well as how to set up and maintain optimal road safety data systems and road safety management systems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion do not include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: seat-belt

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: 1st UN Global Road Safety Week

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 1st UN Global Road Safety Week in 2007;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: drinking and driving,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: drinking and driving, speed management,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: raising awareness of the issue around the world,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 1st UN Global Road Safety Week in 2007;

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drinking and driving,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: drinking and driving,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 3rd Sunday in November every year

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1st UN Global Road Safety Week in 2007;

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 3rd Sunday in November every year

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 1st UN Global Road Safety Week in 2007;

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: 3rd Sunday in November every year

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: 3rd Sunday in November every year

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: UNRSC

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: 3rd Sunday in November every year

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Road Traffic Victims

text: The urinary system is under influence of circulatory system, nervous system and endocrine system.

text: The urinary system is under influence of

text: circulatory system

text: nervous system

text: and

text: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is under influence of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the endocrine system control?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: endocrine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: circulatory system, nervous system and endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The urinary system is under influence of circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: circulatory system, nervous system and endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: influence of circulatory system, nervous system and endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: circulatory system, nervous system and endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: endocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: endocrine

text: In the chaetonotidans, the excretory system consists of a single pair of protonephridia, which open through separate pores on the lateral underside of the animal, usually in the midsection of the body. In the macrodasyidans, there are several pairs of these opening along the side of the body. Nitrogenous waste is probably excreted through the body wall, as part of respiration, and the protonephridia are believed to function mainly in osmoregulation. Unusually, the protonephridia do not take the form of flame cells, but, instead, the excretory cells consist of a skirt surrounding a series of cytoplasmic rods that in turn enclose a central flagellum. These cells, termed cyrtocytes, connect to a single outlet cell which passes the excreted material into the protonephridial duct.

text: In the chaetonotidans, the excretory system consists of a single pair of

text: protonephridia

text: , which open through separate pores on the lateral underside of the animal, usually in the midsection of the body. In the macrodasyidans, there are several pairs of these opening along the side of the body.

text: Nitrogenous waste

text: is probably excreted through the body wall, as part of respiration, and the protonephridia are believed to function mainly in

text: osmoregulation

text: . Unusually, the protonephridia do not take the form of

text: flame cell

text: s, but, instead, the excretory cells consist of a skirt surrounding a series of

text: cytoplasm

text: ic rods that in turn enclose a central

text: flagellum

text: . These cells, termed cyrtocytes, connect to a single outlet cell which passes the excreted material into the protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nitrogenous waste is probably excreted

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many pairs of these opening along the side of the body

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: passes the excreted material into the protonephridial duct

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: respire

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a single pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted through the body wall

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted material into the protonephridial duct

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: protonephridial duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: smear

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: protonephridial duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: protonephridial duct

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Nitrogenous waste is probably excreted through the body wall,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: respiration,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: passes the excreted material

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: single pair of protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: respiration,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: flame cells,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a single pair

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: protonephridial duct.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: protonephridial duct.

text: In cases where no reuse is possible or desired, urine is usually infiltrated in the soil unless this practice would cause groundwater pollution. In eThekwini municipality in South Africa or in Lima, Peru, for example, urine from UDDTs is safely infiltrated into the soil because the groundwater level is very low there and the groundwater is not used for any particular purpose. Infiltration can be done by directing the urine to a soak pit or by running a perforated urine pipe from the toilet to an area outside, where the hose is sloping gently downhill (for rural areas). Clogging of the pipe's holes can be avoided by ensuring there are no T-junctions, no joints and that a plastic mesh is installed in the urine funnel of the toilet to keep everything other than urine out.

text: In cases where no reuse is possible or desired, urine is usually infiltrated in the soil unless this practice would cause

text: groundwater

text: pollution. In eThekwini municipality in South Africa or in Lima, Peru, for example, urine from UDDTs is safely infiltrated into the soil because the groundwater level is very low there and the groundwater is not used for any particular purpose. Infiltration can be done by directing the urine to a soak pit or by running a perforated urine pipe from the toilet to an area outside, where the hose is sloping gently downhill (for rural areas). Clogging of the pipe's holes can be avoided by ensuring there are no T-junctions, no joints and that a plastic mesh is installed in the urine funnel of the toilet to keep everything other than urine out.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are correct

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: infiltration

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine pipe

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: UDDT

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine is usually infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine is usually infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine is usually infiltrated

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine is usually infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: groundwater

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine is usually infiltrated

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: T-junctions,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine is usually infiltrated

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine is usually infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: infiltrated in the soil unless this practice would cause groundwater

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine is usually infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: groundwater pollution.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine is usually infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urine is usually infiltrated in the soil

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: funnel

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: T-junctions,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: UDDTs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: groundwater

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine funnel

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The first reports of kidney failure occurring in individuals with chronic liver diseases were from the late 19th century by Frerichs and Flint.  However, the hepatorenal syndrome was first defined as acute kidney failure that occurred in the setting of biliary surgery.  The syndrome was soon re-associated with advanced liver disease, and, in the 1950s, was clinically defined by Sherlock, Hecker, Papper and Vessin as being associated with systemic hemodynamic abnormalities and high mortality.  Hecker and Sherlock specifically identified that individuals with HRS had low urinary output, very low sodium in the urine, and no protein in the urine.  Murray Epstein was the first to characterize splanchnic vasodilation and kidney vasoconstriction as the key alterations in hemodynamics in patients with the syndrome.  The functional nature of the kidney impairment in HRS was crystallized by studies demonstrating that kidneys transplanted from patients with hepatorenal syndrome returned to function in the new host, leading to the hypothesis that hepatorenal syndrome was a systemic condition and not a kidney disease. The first systematic attempt to define hepatorenal syndrome was made in 1994 by the International Ascites Club, a group of liver specialists. The more recent history of HRS has involved elucidation of the various vasoactive mediators that cause the splanchnic and kidney blood flow abnormalities of the condition.

text: The first reports of kidney failure occurring in individuals with chronic liver diseases were from the late 19th century by Frerichs and Flint.  However, the hepatorenal syndrome was first defined as acute kidney failure that occurred in the setting of

text: biliary surgery

text: .  The syndrome was soon re-associated with advanced liver disease, and, in the 1950s, was clinically defined by

text: Sherlock

text: , Hecker, Papper and Vessin as being associated with systemic hemodynamic abnormalities and high mortality.  Hecker and Sherlock specifically identified that individuals with HRS had low urinary output, very low

text: sodium

text: in the urine, and no protein in the urine.  Murray Epstein was the first to characterize splanchnic vasodilation and kidney vasoconstriction as the key alterations in hemodynamics in patients with the syndrome.  The functional nature of the kidney impairment in HRS was crystallized by studies demonstrating that kidneys transplanted from patients with hepatorenal syndrome returned to function in the new host, leading to the hypothesis that hepatorenal syndrome was a systemic condition and not a kidney disease. The first systematic attempt to define hepatorenal syndrome was made in 1994 by the International Ascites Club, a group of

text: liver specialists

text: . The more recent history of HRS has involved elucidation of the various vasoactive mediators that cause the splanchnic and kidney blood flow abnormalities of the condition.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: splanchnic

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: low urinary output

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: splanchnic

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: splanchnic

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ascites

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: splanchnic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary output, very low sodium in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: sodium in the urine, and no protein

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: splanchnic

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: biliary surgery.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: sodium in the urine, and no protein

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary output,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hemodynamics

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary output,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: low urinary output,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys transplanted from patients with hepatorenal syndrome

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: hepatorenal syndrome

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: protein

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: hepatorenal syndrome

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney vasoconstriction

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary output,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidneys transplanted from patients with hepatorenal syndrome

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: splanchnic

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: biliary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: biliary surgery.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: splanchnic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Marcello Malpighi (10 March 1628 – 29 November 1694) was an Italian biologist and physician, who is referred to as the "Father of microscopical anatomy, histology, physiology and embryology". Malpighi's name bears to several physiological features related to the biological excretory system, such as the Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys and the Malpighian tubule system of insects. The splenic lymphoid nodules are often called the "Malpighian bodies of the spleen" or Malpighian corpuscles. The botanical family Malpighiaceae is also named after him. He was the first person to see capillaries in animals, and he discovered the link between arteries and veins that had eluded William Harvey and Malpighi has been the earliest person to observe red blood cells under a microscope. His treatise De polypo cordis (1666) was important for understanding blood composition, as well as how blood clots. In it, Malpighi described how the form of a blood clot differed in the right against the left sides of the heart.

text: Marcello Malpighi (10 March 1628 – 29 November 1694) was an

text: Italian

text: biologist

text: and

text: physician

text: , who is referred to as the "Father of microscopical anatomy, histology, physiology and embryology". Malpighi's name bears to several physiological features related to the biological

text: excretory system

text: , such as the

text: Malpighian corpuscles

text: and

text: Malpighian pyramids

text: of the

text: kidney

text: s and the

text: Malpighian tubule system

text: of

text: insects

text: . The

text: splenic lymphoid nodules

text: are often called the "Malpighian bodies of the spleen" or

text: Malpighian corpuscles

text: . The botanical family

text: Malpighiaceae

text: is also named after him. He was the first person to see capillaries in animals, and he discovered the link between arteries and veins that had eluded

text: William Harvey

text: and Malpighi has been the earliest person to observe red blood cells under a microscope. His treatise De polypo cordis (1666) was important for understanding blood composition, as well as how blood clots. In it, Malpighi described how the form of a blood clot differed in the right against the left sides of the

text: heart

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Malpighiaceae

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: blood clots

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian pyramid

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water and salts from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Malpighi

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pyramids

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: biological excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: biological excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: biological excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: insects.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: microscope.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian pyramids

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The urinary bladder is formed partly from the endodermal cloaca and partly from the ends of the Wolffian ducts. In other words, the allantois takes no share in its formation.

text: The

text: urinary bladder

text: is formed partly from the endodermal

text: cloaca

text: and partly from the ends of the Wolffian ducts. In other words, the

text: allantois

text: takes no share in its formation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: vomit

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Wolffian ducts

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Wolffian ducts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the allantois

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the allantois takes no share in its formation.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: the allantois takes no share in its formation.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the allantois

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ends of the Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the allantois takes no share in its formation.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: endodermal cloaca

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Wolffian ducts.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: Exhaled CO(g) depletes CO(aq) which in turn consumes HCO causing the aforementioned shift left in the first reaction by Le Châtelier's principle.  By the same principle when the pH is too high, the kidneys excrete bicarbonate () into urine as urea via the urea cycle (a.k.a. the Krebs–Henseleit ornithine cycle).  By removing the bicarbonate more H is generated from carbonic acid (HCO) which come from CO(g) produced by cellular respiration.

text: Exhaled CO(g) depletes CO(aq) which in turn consumes HCO causing the aforementioned shift left in the first reaction by

text: Le Châtelier's principle

text: .  By the same principle when the pH is too high, the kidneys excrete bicarbonate () into urine as urea via the

text: urea cycle

text: (a.k.a. the Krebs–Henseleit ornithine cycle).  By removing the bicarbonate more H is generated from carbonic acid (HCO) which come from CO(g) produced by

text: cellular respiration

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: CO(g) depletes CO(aq)

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the Krebs–Henseleit ornithine cycle?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removing the bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine cycle

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Krebs–Henseleit

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the Krebs–Henseleit ornithine cycle?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cellular respiration.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH is too high,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine as urea via the urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removing the bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: when the pH is too high,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: the kidneys excrete bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cellular respiration.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: CO(g)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Exhaled CO(g)

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the kidneys excrete bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: CO(g)

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Le Châtelier's

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Nevertheless, the resistance of extracellular matrix proteins to proteolysis renders their advanced glycation end products less conducive to being eliminated. While the AGE free adducts are released directly into the urine, AGE peptides are endocytosed by the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule and then degraded by the endolysosomal system to produce AGE amino acids. It is thought that these acids are then returned to the kidney's inside space, or lumen, for excretion. AGE free adducts are the major form through which AGEs are excreted in urine, with AGE-peptides occurring to a lesser extent but accumulating in the plasma of patients with chronic kidney failure.

text: Nevertheless, the resistance of

text: extracellular matrix

text: proteins to proteolysis renders their advanced glycation end products less conducive to being eliminated. While the AGE free adducts are released directly into the urine, AGE peptides are

text: endocytosed

text: by the

text: epithelial cells

text: of the

text: proximal tubule

text: and then degraded by the

text: endolysosomal system

text: to produce AGE amino acids. It is thought that these acids are then returned to the kidney's inside space, or

text: lumen

text: , for

text: excretion

text: . AGE free adducts are the major form through which AGEs are excreted in urine, with AGE-peptides occurring to a lesser extent but accumulating in the plasma of patients with chronic kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the major form through which AGEs are excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lumen

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lumen

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: AGE-peptides

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: AGE-peptides

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: AGE-peptides

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: plasma of patients with chronic kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: chronic kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminated.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: chronic kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney's inside space, or lumen, for excretion.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: accumulating in the plasma

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney's

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chronic kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney's

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lumen,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: plasma of patients with chronic kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: proximal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney's

text: Sweat glands in the skin secrete a fluid waste called sweat or perspiration; however, its primary functions are temperature control and pheromone release. Therefore, its role as a part of the excretory system is minimal. Sweating also maintains the level of salt in the body.

text: Sweat gland

text: s in the skin secrete a fluid waste called sweat or

text: perspiration

text: ; however, its primary functions are temperature control and pheromone release. Therefore, its role as a part of the excretory system is minimal. Sweating also maintains the level of salt in the body.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: skin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: minimal

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system is minimal

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: perspiration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: minimal.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Sweat

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: minimal.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Sweating also maintains the level of salt

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: sweat or perspiration;

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Sweat glands

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Located at the rear of the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space, the kidneys receive blood from the paired renal arteries, and drain into the paired renal veins. Each kidney excretes urine into a ureter which empties into the bladder.

text: Located at the rear of the

text: abdominal cavity

text: in the

text: retroperitoneal space

text: , the kidneys receive blood from the paired

text: renal arteries

text: , and drain into the paired

text: renal vein

text: s. Each kidney excretes urine into a

text: ureter

text: which empties into the bladder.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal arteries

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal arteries

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not receive blood from the renal arteries?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: paired renal arteries,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the paired renal arteries,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Each kidney excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine into a ureter which empties into the bladder.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Each kidney excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys receive blood from the paired renal arteries,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Each kidney excretes urine into a ureter

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: paired renal arteries,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal arteries,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Each kidney excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Each kidney excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Each kidney excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Each kidney excretes urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: drain into the paired renal veins.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: retroperitoneal space,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureter which empties into the bladder.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidneys receive blood from the paired renal arteries,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: In the most primitive vertebrates, the hagfish and lampreys, the kidney is unusually simple: it consists of a row of nephrons, each emptying directly into the archinephric duct. Invertebrates may possess excretory organs that are sometimes referred to as "kidneys", but, even in Amphioxus, these are never homologous with the kidneys of vertebrates, and are more accurately referred to by other names, such as nephridia.

text: In the most primitive vertebrates, the

text: hagfish

text: and

text: lamprey

text: s, the kidney is unusually simple: it consists of a row of nephrons, each emptying directly into the archinephric duct. Invertebrates may possess excretory organs that are sometimes referred to as "kidneys", but, even in

text: Amphioxus

text: , these are never homologous with the kidneys of vertebrates, and are more accurately referred to by other names, such as

text: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney is unusually simple

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: archinephric duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: what is the most primitive vertebrates

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a row

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: archinephric duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: archinephric duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: archinephric duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In the most primitive vertebrates,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: emptying directly into the archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: each emptying directly into the archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a row

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: duct.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: In the most primitive vertebrates,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: emptying directly into the archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: emptying directly into the archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephridia.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: archinephric duct.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: the kidney

text: -phenylalanine is excreted in the urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

text: -phenylalanine is excreted in the

text: urine

text: without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: central nervous system is located in the brain.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete -phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: -phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: -phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: -phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: -phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: -phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: -phenylalanine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Fimasartan is rapidly absorbed and has minimal accumulation in the body 7 days after administration. Fimasartan possesses a half-life of 9 to 16 hours, appropriate for daily dosing. Fimasartan was found to be effective in fasted or fed states, with a variety of dosing regimens. In trials, the maximum effects of the drug occurred slightly after the maximum plasma concentration (T-max) was achieved, which occurs 30 minutes to 3 hours after dosing. Fimasartan was found mostly in unmetabolized form in the plasma and in bile excretions. Urinary elimination of the drug was low, at less than 3% 24 hours after administration, entailing that the fimasartan does not undergo renal excretion.

text: Fimasartan is rapidly absorbed and has minimal accumulation in the body 7 days after administration. Fimasartan possesses a

text: half-life

text: of 9 to 16 hours, appropriate for daily dosing. Fimasartan was found to be effective in fasted or fed states, with a variety of dosing regimens. In trials, the maximum effects of the drug occurred slightly after the maximum plasma concentration (

text: T-max

text: ) was achieved, which occurs 30 minutes to 3 hours after dosing. Fimasartan was found mostly in unmetabolized form in the plasma and in

text: bile

text: excretions. Urinary elimination of the drug was low, at less than 3% 24 hours after administration, entailing that the fimasartan does not undergo renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretion: renal or bile?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Fimasartan does not undergo renal excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system: bladder, bile, or plasma?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: bile excretions

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the fimasartan does not undergo renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: the fimasartan does not undergo renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: fasted

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 9 to 16 hours,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: bile excretions.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the fimasartan does not undergo renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the fimasartan does not undergo renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Fimasartan

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal excretion.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Urinary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: Although adapted to terrestrial life, frogs resemble freshwater fish in their inability to conserve body water effectively. When they are on land, much water is lost by evaporation from the skin. The excretory system is similar to that of mammals and there are two kidneys that remove nitrogenous products from the blood. Frogs produce large quantities of dilute urine in order to flush out toxic products from the kidney tubules. The nitrogen is excreted as ammonia by tadpoles and aquatic frogs but mainly as urea, a less toxic product, by most terrestrial adults. A few species of tree frog with little access to water excrete the even less toxic uric acid. The urine passes along paired ureters to the urinary bladder from which it is vented periodically into the cloaca. All bodily wastes exit the body through the cloaca which terminates in a cloacal vent.

text: Although adapted to terrestrial life, frogs resemble freshwater fish in their inability to conserve body water effectively. When they are on land, much water is lost by evaporation from the skin. The excretory system is similar to that of mammals and there are two

text: kidney

text: s that remove nitrogenous products from the blood. Frogs produce large quantities of dilute urine in order to flush out toxic products from the kidney tubules. The nitrogen is excreted as

text: ammonia

text: by tadpoles and aquatic frogs but mainly as

text: urea

text: , a less toxic product, by most terrestrial adults. A few species of tree frog with little access to water excrete the even less toxic

text: uric acid

text: . The urine passes along paired

text: ureter

text: s to the

text: urinary bladder

text: from which it is vented periodically into the cloaca. All bodily wastes exit the body through the cloaca which terminates in a cloacal vent.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys do frogs have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove nitrogenous products from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: remove nitrogenous products from the blood

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flush out toxic products

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do frogs have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: How many kidneys do frogs have?

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What happens to the water filtered out of the blood by nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove nitrogenous products

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Where does urine form?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cloacal vent

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: two kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: two kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nitrogenous products

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Frogs produce large quantities of dilute urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogenous products from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: two kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove nitrogenous products from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: remove nitrogenous products from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: two kidneys that remove nitrogenous products from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: evaporation from the skin.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cloacal vent.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: two kidneys that remove nitrogenous products

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: paired ureters to the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Frogs produce large quantities of dilute urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: remove nitrogenous products from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: toxic products from the kidney tubules.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: two kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mammals

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: In adult males, the kidney weighs between 125 and 170 grams. In females the weight of the kidney is between 115 and 155 grams. A Danish study measured the median renal length to be  on the left side and  on the right side in adults. Median renal volumes were 146 cm on the left and 134 cm on the right.

text: In adult males, the kidney weighs between 125 and 170 grams. In females the weight of the kidney is between 115 and 155 grams. A Danish study measured the median renal length to be  on the left side and  on the right side in adults. Median renal volumes were 146 cm on the left and 134 cm on the right.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney organ?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iii).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: between 115 and 155 grams

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 115 and 155 grams. A Danish study measured the median renal length

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: left side and on the right side in adults.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 125 and 170 grams.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In adult males,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 115 and 155 grams. A Danish study measured the median renal length

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 125 and 170 grams.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: left side and on the right side

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 125 and 170 grams.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 115 and 155 grams. A Danish study measured the median renal length

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidney weighs between 125 and 170 grams.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: In adult males, the kidney weighs

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 125 and 170 grams.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal length

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Although initially taught in a Modular system-based format, innovative changes were introduced into the curriculum at JUST in 1999. Balancing basic science principles, clinical skills, and psychosocial concepts, the new curriculum placed the student at the centre. Rather than relying on the teacher to deliver knowledge, students were empowered to become more self-directed in their learning.During the first year and a half of their program, students are taught basic science in a traditional format. In an integratedmodule fashion, the next year and half is devoted to studying nine body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematopoietic, digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal, neuroscience 1 and 2, and reproductive and urinary. Towards the end of the third year students begin direct contact with patients in hospital settings. The last three years are spent in supervised inpatient and outpatient settings to develop their diagnostic and treatment competencies; the clinical years begin fully at the beginning of year 4 where students rotate through various areas of general clinical medicine. Year 5 continues this pattern focusing more on specialized areas of medicine and surgery. In total, students are required to complete 257 hours of classes divided among compulsory and elective courses. After completion of their 6th year, students are required to complete internship (imtiaz), which is a one-year term in general practice for which they are not compensated for.

text: Although initially taught in a Modular system-based format, innovative changes were introduced into the curriculum at JUST in 1999. Balancing basic science principles, clinical skills, and psychosocial concepts, the new curriculum placed the student at the centre. Rather than relying on the teacher to deliver knowledge, students were empowered to become more self-directed in their learning.During the first year and a half of their program, students are taught basic science in a traditional format. In an integratedmodule fashion, the next year and half is devoted to studying nine

text: body systems

text: cardiovascular

text: respiratory

text: hematopoietic

text: digestive

text: endocrine

text: musculoskeletal

text: neuroscience

text: 1 and 2, and

text: reproductive

text: and

text: urinary

text: . Towards the end of the third year students begin direct contact with patients in hospital settings. The last three years are spent in supervised inpatient and outpatient settings to develop their diagnostic and treatment competencies; the clinical years begin fully at the beginning of year 4 where students rotate through various areas of general clinical medicine. Year 5 continues this pattern focusing more on specialized areas of medicine and surgery. In total, students are required to complete 257 hours of classes divided among compulsory and elective courses. After completion of their 6th year, students are required to complete internship (imtiaz), which is a one-year term in general practice for which they are not compensated for.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a body system: digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal, neuroscience 1 and 2, and reproductive and urinary?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a body system: reproductive and urinary?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a body system: reproductive and urinary

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a body system: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematopoietic, digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal, neuroscience 1 and 2, and urinary?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a system: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematopoietic, digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal, neuroscience 1 and 2, and reproductive and urinary

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a body system: cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal, neuroscience 1 and 2, and reproductive and urinary?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a body system: reproductive and urinary?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: imtiaz

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hematopoietic,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hematopoietic,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematopoietic,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nine body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematopoietic,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: endocrine, musculoskeletal, neuroscience 1 and 2,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: musculoskeletal, neuroscience 1 and 2, and reproductive and urinary.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: endocrine,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hematopoietic,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hematopoietic,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: musculoskeletal,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: reproductive and urinary.

text: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood. The urine is then passed through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored. During urination, the urine is passed from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.

text: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of

text: blood

text: . The urine is then passed through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored. During urination, the urine is passed from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: it is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (b).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: through a filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: a filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering of blood

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urethra to the outside of the body.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filtration of blood. The urine is then passed through the ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urine is then passed through the ureters to the bladder,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: As detectable levels of myoglobinemia and myoglobinuria occur, blood tests and urine tests may show elevated levels of myoglobin. For example, a urine test strip may reveal a positive result for "blood", even though no red blood cells can be identified on microscopy of the urine; this occurs because the reagent on the test strip reacts with myoglobin. The same phenomenon may happen in conditions that lead to hemolysis, the destruction of red blood cells; in hemolysis the blood serum is also visibly discolored, while in rhabdomyolysis it is normal. If kidney damage has occurred, microscopy of the urine also reveals urinary casts that appear pigmented and granular.

text: As detectable levels of

text: myoglobinemia

text: and

text: myoglobinuria

text: occur,

text: blood test

text: s and

text: urine test

text: s may show elevated levels of myoglobin. For example, a

text: urine test strip

text: may reveal a positive result for "blood", even though no

text: red blood cell

text: s can be identified on

text: microscopy

text: of the urine; this occurs because the reagent on the test strip reacts with myoglobin. The same phenomenon may happen in conditions that lead to

text: hemolysis

text: , the destruction of red blood cells; in hemolysis the

text: blood serum

text: is also visibly discolored, while in rhabdomyolysis it is normal. If kidney damage has occurred, microscopy of the urine also reveals

text: urinary cast

text: s that appear pigmented and granular.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: myoglobin

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary casts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How often do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: the destruction of red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys that helps keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary casts that appear pigmented and granular

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: myoglobinuria

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary casts

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine test strip

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: blood tests and urine tests may show elevated levels of myoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: "blood",

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: "blood", even though no red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: "blood",

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine test strip may reveal a positive result for "blood",

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: myoglobinemia

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: destruction of red blood cells;

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood tests and urine tests may show elevated levels of myoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine;

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: "blood", even though no red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "blood", even though no red blood cells

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine test strip

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "blood",

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: If kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary casts

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary casts

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urinary casts

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary casts

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary casts

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemolysis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: rhabdomyolysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The bi-partisan group of legislators that back the Golden Goose award and the founding organizations cite odd-titled research of the past which led to widely used scientific advances. The first cited example is when Alexander Fleming published Anti-Bacterial Substance in Filtrates of Broth in 1926 which has become known as penicillin. Second, X-rays probably sounded odd in 1895 after Wilhelm Röntgen named such phenomena that caused a glow in a nearby chemically coated screen. Third, studies on the excretion of urine in dogs and the excretion of insulin by dog fish ultimately led to advancements in understanding diabetes which earned the National Medal of Science.

text: The bi-partisan group of legislators that back the Golden Goose award and the founding organizations cite odd-titled research of the past which led to widely used scientific advances. The first cited example is when

text: Alexander Fleming

text: published Anti-Bacterial Substance in Filtrates of Broth in 1926 which has become known as

text: penicillin

text: . Second,

text: X-ray

text: s probably sounded odd in 1895 after

text: Wilhelm Röntgen

text: named such phenomena that caused a glow in a nearby chemically coated screen. Third, studies on the excretion of urine in dogs and the excretion of

text: insulin

text: by

text: dog fish

text: ultimately led to advancements in understanding

text: diabetes

text: which earned the

text: National Medal of Science

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Golden Goose award is given to

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion of urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion of urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion of urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretion of urine in dogs

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: X-rays

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Broth

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion of urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion of urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: insulin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Anti-Bacterial

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: penicillin.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dogs

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion of urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine in dogs

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: penicillin.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Anti-Bacterial

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: dogs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: penicillin.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: penicillin.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Anti-Bacterial

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Anti-Bacterial

text: Sotolon (also known as sotolone) is a lactone and an extremely powerful aroma compound, with the typical smell of fenugreek or curry at high concentrations and maple syrup, caramel, or burnt sugar at lower concentrations. Sotolon is the major aroma and flavor component of fenugreek seed and lovage, and is one of several aromatic and flavor components of artificial maple syrup. It is also present in molasses, aged rum, aged sake and white wine, flor sherry, roast tobacco, and dried fruiting bodies of the mushroom Lactarius helvus. Sotolon can pass through the body relatively unchanged, and consumption of foods high in sotolon, such as fenugreek, can impart a maple syrup aroma to one's sweat and urine. In some individuals with the genetic disorder maple syrup urine disease, it is spontaneously produced in their bodies and excreted in their urine, leading to the disease's characteristic smell.

text: Sotolon (also known as sotolone) is a

text: lactone

text: and an extremely powerful

text: aroma compound

text: , with the typical smell of

text: fenugreek

text: or

text: curry

text: at high concentrations and

text: maple syrup

text: caramel

text: , or burnt sugar at lower concentrations. Sotolon is the major aroma and flavor component of fenugreek seed and

text: lovage

text: , and is one of several aromatic and flavor components of

text: artificial maple syrup

text: . It is also present in

text: molasses

text: , aged

text: rum

text: , aged sake and white wine,

text: flor

text: sherry

text: , roast tobacco, and dried fruiting bodies of the mushroom

text: Lactarius helvus

text: . Sotolon can pass through the body relatively unchanged, and consumption of foods high in sotolon, such as fenugreek, can impart a maple syrup aroma to one's sweat and urine. In some individuals with the genetic disorder

text: maple syrup urine disease

text: , it is spontaneously produced in their bodies and excreted in their urine, leading to the disease's characteristic smell.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Sotolon can pass through the body

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in their urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreted in their urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in their urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sotolon

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial maple syrup

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: sweat and urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in their urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat and urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mushroom Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: mushroom Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Sotolon can pass through the body relatively unchanged,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: spontaneously produced in their bodies and excreted in their urine,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Sotolon

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: maple syrup urine disease,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial maple syrup.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Lactarius helvus.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre provides through-life systems management support for a wide spectrum of systems to MINDEF and the SAF. It is responsible for ensuring good system health, high availability and high serviceability of these systems and equipment.

text: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre provides through-life systems management support for a wide spectrum of systems to MINDEF and the SAF. It is responsible for ensuring good system health, high availability and high serviceability of these systems and equipment.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: MINDEF

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: MINDEF

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: SAF.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The Systems Management

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: a wide spectrum of systems to MINDEF and the SAF.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: ensuring good system health, high availability and high serviceability

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The Systems Management

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The Systems Management

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre provides through-life

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: a wide spectrum of systems to MINDEF and the SAF.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The Systems Management

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The Systems Management

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: high serviceability

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The Systems

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The Systems Management (SM) programme centre

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: SAF.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: systems management support for a wide spectrum of systems to MINDEF

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: SAF.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: MINDEF

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: MINDEF

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: MINDEF

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: a wide spectrum of systems to MINDEF

text: Thiazide is used in treatment because diabetes insipidus causes the excretion of more water than sodium (i.e. dilute urine). This condition results in a net concentrating effect on the serum (increasing its osmolarity). This high serum osmolarity stimulates excessive thirst in an attempt to dilute the serum back to normal and provide free water for excreting the excess serum solutes. However, since the patient is unable to concentrate urine to excrete the excess solutes, the resulting urine fails to decrease serum osmolarity and the cycle repeats itself, hence excessive urination. Thiazide diuretics allow increased excretion of Na+ and water, thereby reducing the serum osmolarity and eliminating volume excess. Basically, thiazides allow increased solute excretion in the urine, breaking the polydipsia-polyuria cycle.

text: Thiazide is used in treatment because diabetes insipidus causes the excretion of more water than sodium (i.e. dilute urine). This condition results in a net concentrating effect on the serum (increasing its osmolarity). This high serum osmolarity stimulates

text: excessive thirst

text: in an attempt to dilute the serum back to normal and provide free water for excreting the excess serum solutes. However, since the patient is unable to concentrate urine to excrete the excess solutes, the resulting urine fails to decrease serum osmolarity and the cycle repeats itself, hence

text: excessive urination

text: . Thiazide diuretics allow increased excretion of Na+ and water, thereby reducing the serum osmolarity and eliminating volume excess. Basically, thiazides allow increased solute excretion in the urine, breaking the polydipsia-polyuria cycle.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dilute urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dilute urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: diuretics

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Thiazide is used in treatment because diabetes insipidus

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine).

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: polydipsia-polyuria cycle.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Thiazide diuretics allow increased excretion of Na+

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: concentrate urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: polydipsia-polyuria cycle.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine).

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting the excess serum solutes.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: reducing the serum osmolarity

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polydipsia-polyuria cycle.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Thiazide diuretics

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: diabetes insipidus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Thiazide

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Thiazide is used in treatment because diabetes insipidus

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Thiazide diuretics allow increased excretion of Na+

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: increased excretion of Na+

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dilute urine).

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: water than sodium (i.e. dilute urine).

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Thiazide diuretics

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: diuretics

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: serum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Na+

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Thiazide diuretics

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine,

text: In order to understand how blood is delivered to cranial tissues, it is important to understand the vascular anatomy of the space itself. Large cerebral arteries in the brain split into smaller arterioles, also known as pial arteries. These consist of endothelial cells and smooth muscle, and as these pial arteries further branch and run deeper into the brain, they associate with glial cells, namely astrocytes and pericytes. The intracerebral arterioles and capillaries are unlike systemic arterioles and capillaries in that they do not readily allow substances to diffuse through them; they are connected by tight junctions in order to form the blood brain barrier (BBB). Endothelial cells, smooth muscle, neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes work together in the brain order to maintain the BBB while still delivering nutrients to tissues and adjusting blood flow in the intracranial space to maintain homeostasis. As they work as a functional unit, alterations in their interactions at the cellular level can impair HR in the brain and lead to deviations in normal nervous function.

text: In order to understand how blood is delivered to cranial tissues, it is important to understand the vascular anatomy of the space itself. Large cerebral arteries in the brain split into smaller

text: arterioles

text: , also known as pial arteries. These consist of

text: endothelial cells

text: and

text: smooth muscle

text: , and as these pial arteries further branch and run deeper into the brain, they associate with glial cells, namely astrocytes and

text: pericytes

text: . The intracerebral arterioles and

text: capillaries

text: are unlike systemic arterioles and capillaries in that they do not readily allow substances to diffuse through them; they are connected by tight junctions in order to form the

text: blood brain barrier

text: (BBB). Endothelial cells, smooth muscle, neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes work together in the brain order to maintain the BBB while still delivering nutrients to tissues and adjusting blood flow in the intracranial space to maintain

text: homeostasis

text: . As they work as a functional unit, alterations in their interactions at the cellular level can impair HR in the brain and lead to deviations in normal nervous function.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood delivered to cranial tissues?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the difference between systemic arterioles and capillaries?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys is to help keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: pericyte

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood brain barrier

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cranial tissues,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glial cells, namely astrocytes and pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: glial cells,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: deviations in normal nervous function.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glial cells,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: adjusting blood flow

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: glial cells,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: glial cells, namely astrocytes and pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tight junctions

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: glial cells,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: adjusting blood flow in the intracranial space

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The intracerebral arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: pial arteries.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: glial cells,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glial cells, namely astrocytes and pericytes.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: smooth muscle,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: systemic arterioles and capillaries

text: As interpreted by the Linus Pauling Institute and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), dietary flavonoids have little or no direct antioxidant food value following digestion. Unlike controlled test tube conditions where antioxidant effects may result when high concentrations of flavonoids are used, the fate of ingested flavonoids in vivo shows they are poorly conserved (less than 5%), with most of what is absorbed existing as chemically-modified metabolites destined for rapid excretion.

text: As interpreted by the

text: Linus Pauling Institute

text: and the

text: European Food Safety Authority

text: (EFSA), dietary

text: flavonoid

text: s have little or no direct

text: antioxidant

text: food value following digestion. Unlike controlled test tube conditions where antioxidant effects may result when high concentrations of flavonoids are used, the fate of ingested flavonoids

text: in vivo

text: shows they are poorly conserved (less than 5%), with most of what is absorbed existing as chemically-modified metabolites destined for rapid excretion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: rapid excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: test tube conditions

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: dietary flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: rapid excretion.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestion.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 5%),

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: dietary flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: rapid excretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: rapid excretion.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: dietary flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: dietary flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: flavonoids

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: controlled test tube

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion.

text: Several studies, however, have found no evidence of protein toxicity due to high protein intakes on kidney function in healthy people. Diets that regularly exceed the recommendations for protein intake have been found to lead to an increased glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys and also have an effect on the hormone systems in the body. It is well established that these physiological effects are harmful to individuals with renal disease, but research has not found these responses to be detrimental to those who are healthy and demonstrate adequate renal activity. In people with healthy kidney function, the kidneys work continuously to excrete the by-products of protein metabolism which prevents protein toxicity from occurring. In response to an increased consumption of dietary protein, the kidneys maintain homeostasis within the body by operating at an increased capacity, producing a higher amount of urea and subsequently excreting it from the body. Although some have proposed that this increase in waste production and excretion will cause increased strain on the kidneys, other research has not supported this.   Currently, evidence suggests that changes in renal function that occur in response to an increased dietary protein intake are part of the normal adaptive system employed by the body to sustain homeostasis.  In a healthy individual with well-functioning kidneys, there is no need for concern that an increased dietary protein intake will lead to protein toxicity and decreased renal function.

text: Several studies, however, have found no evidence of protein toxicity due to high protein intakes on kidney function in healthy people. Diets that regularly exceed the recommendations for protein intake have been found to lead to an increased

text: glomerular filtration rate

text: in the kidneys and also have an effect on the hormone systems in the body. It is well established that these physiological effects are harmful to individuals with renal disease, but research has not found these responses to be detrimental to those who are healthy and demonstrate adequate renal activity. In people with healthy kidney function, the kidneys work continuously to excrete the by-products of

text: protein metabolism

text: which prevents protein toxicity from occurring. In response to an increased consumption of dietary protein, the kidneys maintain homeostasis within the body by operating at an increased capacity, producing a higher amount of urea and subsequently excreting it from the body. Although some have proposed that this increase in waste production and excretion will cause increased strain on the kidneys, other research has not supported this.   Currently, evidence suggests that changes in renal function that occur in response to an increased dietary protein intake are part of the normal adaptive system employed by the body to sustain homeostasis.  In a healthy individual with well-functioning kidneys, there is no need for concern that an increased dietary protein intake will lead to protein toxicity and decreased renal function.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the kidney work continuously to excrete?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hormone systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: operating at an increased capacity

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys work continuously to excrete the by-products of protein metabolism

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting it from the body.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hormone systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urea and subsequently excreting it from the body.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Several studies, however, have found no evidence of protein toxicity

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: by operating at an increased capacity,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: increased glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It is well established that these physiological effects are harmful to individuals with renal disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Nephrology concerns the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, including electrolyte disturbances and hypertension, and the care of those requiring renal replacement therapy, including dialysis and renal transplant patients. Many diseases affecting the kidney are systemic disorders not limited to the organ itself, and may require special treatment. Examples include acquired conditions such as systemic vasculitides (e.g. ANCA vasculitis) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus), as well as congenital or genetic conditions such as polycystic kidney disease.

text: Nephrology concerns the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, including

text: electrolyte disturbance

text: s and

text: hypertension

text: , and the care of those requiring

text: renal replacement therapy

text: , including

text: dialysis

text: and

text: renal transplant

text: patients. Many diseases affecting the kidney are systemic disorders not limited to the organ itself, and may require special treatment. Examples include acquired conditions such as systemic vasculitides (e.g. ANCA vasculitis) and

text: autoimmune diseases

text: (e.g.,

text: lupus

text: ), as well as congenital or genetic conditions such as polycystic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: electrolyte

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vasculature

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: electrolyte

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vasculitides

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: electrolyte disturbances and hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney diseases, including electrolyte disturbances and hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal replacement therapy,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: electrolyte

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: vasculitides

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vasculitides

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and ageing-related motor degeneration share clear parallels with ALS in the patterns and specificity of motor neuron loss. Though it is completely distinct from ALS in its pathogenesis, SMA leads to a similar rapid death of FF motor neurons, with S type neurons being generally spared. Further, motor pools controlling facial muscles (including those of the eye) and voluntary excretory muscles are spared. Motor neuron degeneration caused by ageing similarly affects FF types but not S types; ageing also seems to spare ocular motor pools. These similar patterns of neurodegeneration in three different diseases have led researchers to speculate that slow-twitch motor neurons, along with motor pools of the eyes and excretory muscles, have intrinsic neuroprotective properties that are not disease-specific. Research is currently being conducted to discover a possible molecular basis for neuroprotection in these cell types.

text: Spinal muscular atrophy

text: (SMA) and ageing-related motor degeneration share clear parallels with

text: ALS

text: in the patterns and specificity of motor neuron loss. Though it is completely distinct from ALS in its

text: pathogenesis

text: , SMA leads to a similar rapid death of FF motor neurons, with S type neurons being generally spared. Further, motor pools controlling

text: facial muscles

text: (including those of the

text: eye

text: ) and voluntary excretory muscles are spared. Motor neuron degeneration caused by ageing similarly affects FF types but not S types; ageing also seems to spare ocular motor pools. These similar patterns of

text: neurodegeneration

text: in three different diseases have led researchers to speculate that slow-twitch motor neurons, along with motor pools of the eyes and excretory muscles, have intrinsic neuroprotective properties that are not disease-specific. Research is currently being conducted to discover a possible molecular basis for

text: neuroprotection

text: in these cell types.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the first organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: voluntary excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: S type neurons

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: eye

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: FF types

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: voluntary excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: voluntary excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: voluntary excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: voluntary excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Spinal muscular atrophy

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: motor pools

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: ALS

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: voluntary excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: ALS

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: FF motor neurons,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: death

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: eye)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: FF motor neurons,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Spinal muscular atrophy

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: FF motor neurons,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: FF motor neurons,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory muscles

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ALS

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Spinal muscular atrophy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Spinal muscular atrophy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Spinal muscular atrophy

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: A system  developed for renal patients, Renal patient view, provides online information for kidney patients’ including diagnoses, treatment and latest test results.  Almost all renal units in the UK can use this system, and it has been extended to patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and diabetes in Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust. The Scottish Government is funding a pilot for patients with heart failure.

text: A system  developed for

text: renal

text: patients, Renal patient view, provides online information for kidney patients’ including diagnoses, treatment and latest test results.  Almost all renal units in the UK can use this system, and it has been extended to patients with

text: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

text: and

text: diabetes

text: in

text: Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust

text: . The

text: Scottish Government

text: is funding a pilot for patients with

text: heart failure

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal patient view system provides online information for kidney patients.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What does Renal patient view provide?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does Renal patient view provide?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: provides online information

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: provides online information for kidney patients’

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does Renal patient view provide online information for?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Bowel

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Bowel

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: A system developed for renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: A system developed for renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney patients’ including diagnoses, treatment and latest test results.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: diagnoses, treatment and latest test results.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Renal patient view,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Almost all renal units

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: diagnoses, treatment and latest test results.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: A system developed for renal patients,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Bowel

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Bowel

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal patients, Renal patient view, provides online information for kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: heart failure.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Bowel

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: Echinostoma have a digestive system consisting of a pharynx, oesophagus and an excretory pore.

text: Echinostoma have a digestive system consisting of a

text: pharynx

text: oesophagus

text: and an excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a digestive system organ: pharynx, oesophagus, or bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory pore

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: syphilis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Echinostoma have a digestive system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pore.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Echinostoma

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory pore.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory pore.

text: Kidney failure, also known as renal failure or renal insufficiency, is a medical condition of impaired kidney function in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood. The two main forms are acute kidney injury, which is often reversible with adequate treatment, and chronic kidney disease, which is often not reversible. In both cases, there is usually an underlying cause.

text: Kidney failure, also known as renal failure or renal insufficiency, is a medical condition of impaired

text: kidney function

text: in which the

text: kidney

text: s fail to adequately

text: filter

text: metabolic waste

text: s from the

text: blood

text: . The two main forms are

text: acute kidney injury

text: , which is often reversible with adequate treatment, and

text: chronic kidney disease

text: , which is often not reversible. In both cases, there is usually an underlying cause.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a medical condition: Kidney failure, acute kidney injury, or chronic kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolic wastes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter metabolic wastes from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter metabolic wastes from the blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: metabolic wastes

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: metabolic wastes

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolic wastes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: the kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: filter metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chronic kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: metabolic wastes from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: the kidneys fail to adequately filter metabolic wastes

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: During the recent years, Gerakas is trying to balance between the variant forms of development and its urbanization, while it seems to "flirt" with the borders of the Athens metropolitan city. Some of the city's conveniencies are the easy connection between the Athens basin and the East Attica plain,  the significant location between the two greak attica mountains and the modern architecture. Among the problems the municipality faces are the delay of the excretory system and some bungling of the street layout. The city recently participated at the SPAP organization as the 23rd member which aims to protect and recreate the wounded mountain of Penteli, as well as the Marathonios Anaptyksiaki which aims to the development of the northern mesogea municipalities. A significant role is also attributed to the local cultural union of "Pigi" that tries to help the city to be known and developed.

text: During the recent years, Gerakas is trying to balance between the variant forms of development and its urbanization, while it seems to "flirt" with the borders of the Athens metropolitan city. Some of the city's conveniencies are the easy connection between the Athens basin and the East Attica plain,  the significant location between the two greak attica mountains and the modern architecture. Among the problems the municipality faces are the delay of the excretory system and some bungling of the street layout. The city recently participated at the

text: SPAP

text: organization as the 23rd member which aims to protect and recreate the wounded mountain of Penteli, as well as the

text: Marathonios Anaptyksiaki

text: which aims to the development of the northern mesogea municipalities. A significant role is also attributed to the local cultural union of "Pigi" that tries to help the city to be known and developed.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: delay of the excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: delay of the excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: delay of the excretory system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: A wearable artificial kidney is a wearable dialysis machine that a person with end-stage kidney disease could use daily or even continuously. A wearable artificial kidney (WAK) is not available, but research teams are in the process of developing such a device. The goal is to develop a portable device that will be able to imitate the functions of the regular kidney. This device would allow for a patient to be treated twenty-four hours a day. With the development of miniature pumps, the idea of an effective wearable hemodialysis device has become more achievable. Many patients are already receiving a continuous peritoneal dialysis treatment which allows them to remain ambulatory. One of the problems with this treatment is that only a small portion of dialysis patients use peritoneal dialysis as their method of treatment because it requires large amounts of dialysate to be stored and disposed of throughout the treatment. In a healthy individual the kidneys filter blood for roughly 168 hours a week compared to an individual with end-stage renal disease whose treatment plan is to be on dialysis for approximately 12 hours a week. This treatment is inadequate and results in a lower quality of life as well as a high mortality rate for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, there is a need for an around-the-clock device that will allow ESRD patients to be administered higher doses of dialysis continuously while still maintaining a normal life. The FDA has approved the first human clinical trial in the United States for a wearable artificial kidney designed by Blood Purification Technologies Inc. of Beverly Hills, California. The present prototype of the WAK is a 10-pound device, powered by nine-volt batteries, which connects to a patient via a catheter. It is designed to run continuously on batteries which will allow patients to be ambulatory when wearing the device ultimately leading to a greater quality of life.The device is also designed to make improvement in other physiological aspects of the patient’s health such as improvement in volume control, a decrease in hypertension and sodium retention, as well as a decreased chance of developing cardiovascular disease and stroke.

text: A wearable artificial kidney is a wearable

text: dialysis machine

text: that a person with end-stage

text: kidney disease

text: could use daily or even continuously. A wearable artificial kidney (WAK) is not available, but research teams are in the process of developing such a device. The goal is to develop a portable device that will be able to imitate the functions of the regular kidney. This device would allow for a patient to be treated twenty-four hours a day. With the development of miniature pumps, the idea of an effective wearable hemodialysis device has become more achievable. Many patients are already receiving a continuous peritoneal dialysis treatment which allows them to remain ambulatory. One of the problems with this treatment is that only a small portion of dialysis patients use peritoneal dialysis as their method of treatment because it requires large amounts of

text: dialysate

text: to be stored and disposed of throughout the treatment. In a healthy individual the kidneys filter blood for roughly 168 hours a week compared to an individual with end-stage renal disease whose treatment plan is to be on dialysis for approximately 12 hours a week. This treatment is inadequate and results in a lower quality of life as well as a high mortality rate for patients with

text: end stage renal disease

text: (ESRD). Therefore, there is a need for an around-the-clock device that will allow ESRD patients to be administered higher doses of dialysis continuously while still maintaining a normal life. The FDA has approved the first human clinical trial in the United States for a wearable artificial kidney designed by Blood Purification Technologies Inc. of Beverly Hills, California. The present prototype of the WAK is a 10-pound device, powered by nine-volt batteries, which connects to a patient via a catheter. It is designed to run continuously on batteries which will allow patients to be ambulatory when wearing the device ultimately leading to a greater quality of life.The device is also designed to make improvement in other physiological aspects of the patient’s health such as improvement in volume control, a decrease in

text: hypertension

text: and sodium retention, as well as a decreased chance of developing

text: cardiovascular disease

text: and

text: stroke

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Wearable Artificial Kidney would allow for a patient to be treated twenty-four hours a day

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does hemodialysis work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: a catheter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a benefit of the wearable artificial kidney?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many hours a week does the wearable artificial kidney filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Which of the following is true of the wearable artificial kidney?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: peritoneum

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does a normal kidney have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter blood for roughly 168 hours a week

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or hemodialysis?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: patients with end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: patients with end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: catheter.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: dialysis for approximately 12 hours a week.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: imitate the functions of the regular kidney.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: wearable artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 12 hours a week.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: catheter.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: dialysis for approximately 12 hours a week.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: wearable artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: wearable artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter blood

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: end stage renal disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 12 hours a week.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: dialysis for approximately 12 hours a week.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: catheter.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pumps,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: catheter.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: The topics of the third term, 2003-2004 were selected to be for Grand Hamdan International Award - Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management, and for Hamdan Award for Medical Research Excellence - Emerging Viral & Prion Diseases, Minimally Invasive Surgical Technology, Prevention & Non-invasive Therapy of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Renal disease affects people of all ages and lead to considerable distress and early death for a significant number of persons. Kidney disease appears at all ages with newborn babies being affected with congenital and genetic problems, young children developing kidney problems as a primary condition or as a complication of other disease. The elderly, especially, are prone to develop kidney problems and renal failure as their health deteriorates.

text: The topics of the third term, 2003-2004 were selected to be for Grand Hamdan International Award - Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management, and for Hamdan Award for Medical Research Excellence - Emerging Viral & Prion Diseases, Minimally Invasive Surgical Technology, Prevention & Non-invasive Therapy of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Renal disease affects people of all ages and lead to considerable distress and early death for a significant number of persons. Kidney disease appears at all ages with newborn babies being affected with congenital and genetic problems, young children developing kidney problems as a primary condition or as a complication of other disease. The elderly, especially, are prone to develop kidney problems and renal failure as their health deteriorates.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Gastrointestinal Disorders are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Gastrointestinal

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The elderly, especially, are prone to develop kidney problems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Renal Diseases

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: lead to considerable distress and early death

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the topic of the third term, 2003-2004?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: minimally invasive Surgical Technology

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Gastrointestinal Disorders.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Renal Diseases:

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney problems

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Gastrointestinal

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2003-2004

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Gastrointestinal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Renal Diseases: Pathogenesis & Management,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Renal disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The elderly, especially, are prone to develop kidney problems

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Renal Diseases:

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The elderly, especially, are prone to develop kidney problems

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Minimally Invasive Surgical Technology,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Gastrointestinal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Urine typically contains 70% of the nitrogen and more than half the phosphorus and potassium found in urban waste water flows, while making up less than 1% of the overall volume. If urine is to be collected for use as a fertiliser in agriculture, then the easiest method of doing so is with sanitation systems that utilise waterless urinals, urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) or urine diversion flush toilets. Thus far, source separation, or urine diversion systems have been implemented in South Africa, China, Sweden and many other countries.

text: Urine typically contains 70% of the

text: nitrogen

text: and more than half the

text: phosphorus

text: and

text: potassium

text: found in urban waste water flows, while making up less than 1% of the overall volume. If urine is to be collected for use as a fertiliser in agriculture, then the easiest method of doing so is with

text: sanitation

text: systems that utilise waterless

text: urinals

text: urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs)

text: or

text: urine diversion

text: flush toilets. Thus far, source separation, or

text: urine diversion

text: systems have been implemented in South Africa, China, Sweden and many other countries.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine diversion systems

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphorus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 70%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: phosphorus and potassium found in urban waste water

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinals,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinals,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phosphorus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urine

text: The main organs involved in urination are the urinary bladder and the urethra. The smooth muscle of the bladder, known as the detrusor, is innervated by sympathetic nervous system fibers from the lumbar spinal cord and parasympathetic fibers from the sacral spinal cord. Fibers in the pelvic nerves constitute the main afferent limb of the voiding reflex; the parasympathetic fibers to the bladder that constitute the excitatory efferent limb also travel in these nerves. Part of the urethra is surrounded by the male or female external urethral sphincter, which is innervated by the somatic pudendal nerve originating in the  cord, in an area termed Onuf's nucleus.

text: The main organs involved in urination are the

text: urinary bladder

text: and the

text: urethra

text: . The

text: smooth muscle

text: of the bladder, known as the

text: detrusor

text: , is innervated by

text: sympathetic nervous system

text: fibers from the

text: lumbar

text: spinal cord

text: and

text: parasympathetic

text: fibers from the

text: sacral

text: spinal cord. Fibers in the

text: pelvic nerves

text: constitute the main afferent limb of the voiding reflex; the parasympathetic fibers to the bladder that constitute the excitatory efferent limb also travel in these nerves. Part of the urethra is surrounded by the

entity_name: External sphincter muscle of male urethra

text: male

text: or

entity_name: External sphincter muscle of female urethra

text: female external urethral sphincter

text: , which is innervated by the somatic

text: pudendal nerve

text: originating in the  cord, in an area termed

text: Onuf's nucleus

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not a main organ involved in urination?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main organs involved in urination?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the main organs involved in urination?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which organ is involved in urination?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The main organs involved in urination

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary bladder and the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: external urethral sphincter,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: external urethral sphincter,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: voiding reflex;

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urination are the urinary bladder and the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary bladder and the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Onuf's nucleus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: female external urethral sphincter,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: external urethral sphincter,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The main organs involved in urination are the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Onuf's nucleus.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: male or female external urethral sphincter,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Onuf's nucleus.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary bladder and the urethra.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Onuf's nucleus.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urethral sphincter,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Onuf's nucleus.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

text: All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of water solutes through the excretory organs (nephridia, Malpighian tubules, kidneys), with the exception of CO, which is excreted together with the water vapor throughout the lungs. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical homeostasis of the organism.

text: All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of

text: water

text: solutes

text: through the excretory

text: organs

text: nephridia

text: Malpighian tubule

text: s,

text: kidney

text: s), with the exception of CO, which is excreted together with the

text: water vapor

text: throughout the

text: lung

text: s. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical

text: homeostasis

text: of the organism.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminates these compounds

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: elimination of these compounds

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys),

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: (nephridia, Malpighian tubules,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Malpighian tubules,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: (nephridia, Malpighian tubules,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: CO,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: chemical homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The elimination of these compounds

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: CO,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: (nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian tubules,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys),

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian tubules, kidneys),

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The elimination of these compounds

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys),

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidneys),

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian tubules,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Malpighian tubules,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys),

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (nephridia,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CO,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubules,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys),

text: Part Four of "Some Informal Remarks" is the novel Neveryóna, and Part Five is the AIDS novella, "The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals". Starting with Trouble of Triton, the “Informal Remarks” are constituted by the sections in which the doubling (discussed earlier in this article) has most to do with writing. In "Closures and Openings” (in Return to Nevèrÿon), section 15 discusses the Modular Calculus directly, for those who need a helping hand or who have not carefully pursued the notion for themselves through all the "Informal Remarks". As Delany puts it in another interview, "The Second Science Fiction Studies Interview", he quotes from "The Informal Remarks, Part II" (the second appendix to Trouble on Triton), "How can one relational system model another? . . . What must pass from system-A to System-B for us (system-C) to be able to say that system-B now contains some model of system-A? . . . Granted the proper passage, what must be the internal structure of system-B for us (or it) to say it contains any model of system-A?”. In the interview Delany goes on to answer his own question: “The question encompasses the semiotic situation, since the answer to the second part of the question ("What must pass from system-A to System-B...") is some form of the answer ‘signs’; and the answer to the third part ("...what must be the internal structure of system-B for us (or it) to say it contains any model of system-A?”) is: "Clearly it must be of an internal structure that allows it to interpret signs—i.e., its internal structure must be one that allows it to perform some sort of semiosis." To the extent that Return to Nevèrÿon deals with narrativity and writing, this would explain one of Delany's most often quoted comments about this major project, that Return to Nevèrÿon was conceived as "a child’s garden of semiotics."

text: semiotics

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: system-A

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Delany

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: perform some sort of semiosis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flush

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: system-A

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals"

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: perform some sort of semiosis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: system-A to System-B

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: System-C

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: System-B

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: say it contains any model of system-A?”.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ("What must pass from system-A to System-B...")

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: child’s garden of semiotics."

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ‘signs’;

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: semiosis."

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: it contains any model of system-A?”.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: System-B...")

text: Amphibians, reptiles, and birds use the same orifice (known as the cloaca) for excreting liquid and solid wastes, for copulation and egg-laying. Monotreme mammals also have a cloaca, which is thought to be a feature inherited from the earliest amniotes via the therapsids. Marsupials have a single orifice for excreting both solids and liquids and, in females, a separate vagina for reproduction. Female placental mammals have completely separate orifices for defecation, urination, and reproduction; males have one opening for defecation and another for both urination and reproduction, although the channels flowing to that orifice are almost completely separate.

text: Amphibians, reptiles, and birds use the same orifice (known as the

text: cloaca

text: ) for excreting liquid and solid wastes, for

text: copulation

text: and

text: egg

text: -laying.

text: Monotreme

text: mammals also have a cloaca, which is thought to be a feature inherited from the earliest

text: amniote

text: s via the

text: therapsid

text: s.

text: Marsupial

text: s have a single orifice for excreting both solids and liquids and, in females, a separate

text: vagina

text: for reproduction. Female

text: placental

text: mammals have completely separate orifices for

text: defecation

text: urination

text: , and reproduction; males have one opening for defecation and

text: another for both urination and reproduction

text: , although the channels flowing to that orifice are almost completely separate.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting liquid and solid wastes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: fluid and solid wastes

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vagina

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: orifice

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting liquid and solid waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: female placental mammals have completely separate orifices for defecation

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cloaca) for excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: cloaca) for excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Female placental mammals

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproduction.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Marsupials

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: single orifice for excreting both solids and liquids

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Female placental mammals

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: single

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: earliest amniotes via the therapsids.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: channels

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting liquid and solid wastes,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: earliest amniotes via the therapsids.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: therapsids.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca)

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cloaca)

text: In animal anatomy, a cloaca   (plural cloacae   or  ) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of certain animals, opening at the vent. All amphibians, birds, reptiles, and a few mammals (monotremes, tenrecs, golden moles, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have two or three separate orifices for evacuation. Excretory systems with analogous purpose in certain invertebrates are also sometimes referred to as cloacae.

text: In animal anatomy, a cloaca   (plural cloacae   or  ) is the posterior

text: orifice

text: that serves as the only opening for the

text: digestive

text: , reproductive, and

text: urinary tract

text: s (if present) of certain animals, opening at the vent. All

text: amphibian

text: s,

text: bird

text: s,

text: reptile

text: s, and a few mammals (

text: monotreme

text: s,

text: tenrec

text: s,

text: golden mole

text: s, and

text: marsupial mole

text: s) have this orifice, from which they excrete both

text: urine

text: and

text: feces

text: ; this is in contrast to most

text: placental

text: mammals, which have two or three separate orifices for evacuation. Excretory systems with analogous purpose in certain

text: invertebrate

text: s are also sometimes referred to as cloacae.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cloaca serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete both urine and feces

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary tracts

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: placenta

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two or three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine and feces

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tracts

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: tenrecs

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tracts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two or three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: a cloaca

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: most placental mammals,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete both urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine and feces;

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: a cloaca

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: In animal anatomy, a cloaca

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cloaca

text: Kountz completed a master's degree in chemistry in 1956; two years later he received his M.D. He spent the next year as an intern with the highly competitive Stanford Service of San Francisco General Hospital, and, in 1959, he began his surgical training at the Stanford University School of Medicine. It was at Stanford that he studied the field of organ transplantation, and decided to make transplant surgery his life's work. He was still a resident in 1961, when he made medical history by performing the first kidney transplant using a non-twin donor. Among Kountz's other contributions were the discovery that large doses of the steroid drug methylprednisolone could reverse acute rejection of a transplanted kidney, and that re-implantation (the implantation of a second donor kidney at the earliest indication that the first might be rejected) could mean the difference between the death and survival for transplant patients. A tireless proponent of organ donation, he once performed a kidney transplant on live television, The Today Show, in 1976, inspiring some 20,000 viewers to offer their kidneys to patients who needed them. In addition, his groundbreaking research in the area of tissue typing helped improve the results of kidney transplantation and led to the increased use of kidneys from unrelated donors.

text: Kountz completed a master's degree in chemistry in 1956; two years later he received his M.D. He spent the next year as an intern with the highly competitive Stanford Service of

text: San Francisco General Hospital

text: , and, in 1959, he began his surgical training at the

text: Stanford University School of Medicine

text: . It was at

text: Stanford

text: that he studied the field of organ transplantation, and decided to make transplant surgery his life's work. He was still a resident in 1961, when he made medical history by performing the first

text: kidney transplant

text: using a non-twin donor. Among Kountz's other contributions were the discovery that large doses of the steroid drug

text: methylprednisolone

text: could reverse acute rejection of a transplanted kidney, and that re-implantation (the implantation of a second donor kidney at the earliest indication that the first might be rejected) could mean the difference between the death and survival for transplant patients. A tireless proponent of organ donation, he once performed a

text: kidney transplant

text: on live television,

text: The Today Show

text: , in 1976, inspiring some 20,000 viewers to offer their kidneys to patients who needed them. In addition, his groundbreaking research in the area of tissue typing helped improve the results of kidney transplantation and led to the increased use of kidneys from unrelated donors.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many kidneys does Kountz have?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reverse acute rejection

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Kountz have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reverse acute rejection

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unrelated donors

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tissue typing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: organ transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney transplant using a non-twin donor.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney transplant using a non-twin donor.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: transplanted kidney, and that re-implantation

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kountz

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kountz

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: rejection

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney transplant using a non-twin donor.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: transplanted kidney,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kountz

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: non-twin

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: non-twin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-twin

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: non-twin

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kountz

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kountz

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney transplant using a non-twin donor.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: re-implantation

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reverse acute rejection

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acute rejection of a transplanted kidney,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kountz

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: re-implantation

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tissue typing

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: methylprednisolone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tissue typing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: A ureotelic organism is one whose main way to excrete excess nitrogen is via urea. Ureotelism is one of the three major forms of excretion of nitrogenous waste in organisms, the others being ammonotelism and uricotelism.

text: A ureotelic

text: organism

text: is one whose main way to

text: excrete

text: excess

text: nitrogen

text: is via

text: urea

text: . Ureotelism is one of the three major forms of excretion of

text: nitrogenous waste

text: in organisms, the others being

text: ammonotelism

text: and

text: uricotelism

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: ureotelic organism is one whose main way to excrete excess nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: sweat glands in the skin or large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is one of the three major forms of excretion of nitrogenous waste in organisms?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete excess nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete excess nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uricotelism

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureotelic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureotelism

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Ureotelism

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: A ureotelic

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete excess nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excrete excess nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nitrogen is via urea.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: A ureotelic organism

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete excess nitrogen is via urea.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: A ureotelic

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uricotelism.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urea.

text: Research indicates that a high protein diet is carcinogenic, and that the cancer risk is somewhat decreased if it's non-animal protein. When a high dietary protein intake is consumed, there is an increase in urea excretion, which suggests that amino acid oxidation is increased.High levels of protein intake increase the activity of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase. As a result, oxidation is facilitated, and the amino group of the amino acid is excreted to the liver. This process suggests that excess protein consumption results in protein oxidation and that the protein is excreted.  The body is unable to store excess protein. Protein is digested into amino acids, which enter the bloodstream. Excess amino acids are converted to other usable molecules by the liver in a process called deamination. Deamination converts nitrogen from the amino acid into ammonia, which is converted by the liver into urea in the urea cycle. Excretion of urea is performed by the kidneys.These organs can normally cope with any extra workload, but, if kidney disease occurs, a decrease in protein will often be prescribed. When there is excess protein intake, amino acids can be converted to glucose or ketones, in addition to being oxidized for fuel. When food protein intake is periodically high or low, the body tries to keep protein levels at an equilibrium by using the "labile protein reserve", which serves as a short-term protein store to be used for emergencies or daily variations in protein intake. However, that reserve is not utilized as longer-term storage for future needs.

text: Research indicates that a high protein diet is carcinogenic, and that the cancer risk is somewhat decreased if it's non-animal protein. When a high dietary protein intake is consumed, there is an increase in urea excretion, which suggests that amino acid oxidation is increased.High levels of protein intake increase the activity of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase. As a result, oxidation is facilitated, and the amino group of the amino acid is excreted to the liver. This process suggests that excess protein consumption results in protein oxidation and that the protein is excreted.  The body is unable to store excess protein. Protein is digested into amino acids, which enter the bloodstream. Excess amino acids are converted to other usable molecules by the liver in a process called

text: deamination

text: . Deamination converts nitrogen from the amino acid into ammonia, which is converted by the liver into urea in the

text: urea cycle

text: . Excretion of urea is performed by the kidneys.These organs can normally cope with any extra workload, but, if

text: kidney disease

text: occurs, a decrease in protein will often be prescribed. When there is excess protein intake, amino acids can be converted to

text: glucose

text: or

text: ketones

text: , in addition to being oxidized for fuel. When food protein intake is periodically high or low, the body tries to keep protein levels at an equilibrium by using the "labile protein reserve", which serves as a short-term protein store to be used for emergencies or daily variations in protein intake. However, that reserve is not utilized as longer-term storage for future needs.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys can normally cope with any extra workload

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urea excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bloodstream

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which organs can normally cope with any extra workload?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion of urea

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea cycle

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Excretion of urea is performed by the kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion of urea

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Excretion of urea is performed by the kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Excretion of urea

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: if kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea cycle.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Excretion of urea

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: decrease in protein

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: decrease in protein

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Excretion of urea is performed by the kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: deamination.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys.These

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.These

text: A variety of modified urinals and personal funnels have been invented to make it easier for women to urinate standing up. None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

text: A variety of modified urinals and personal funnels have been invented to make it easier for women to urinate standing up. None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is true of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: potty

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: (d).

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: personal funnels

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinate standing up.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: funnels

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: funnels

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinate standing up.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate standing up.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: funnels

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: standing up.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinate standing up.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinate standing up.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None has become widespread enough to affect policy formation on potty parity.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: funnels

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: funnels

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: funnels

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: funnels

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinals

text: Upon entry, the Lassa virus infects almost every tissue in the human body. It starts with the mucosa, intestine, lungs and urinary system, and then progresses to the vascular system.

text: Upon entry, the Lassa virus infects almost every tissue in the human body. It starts with the

text: mucosa

text: , intestine, lungs and urinary system, and then progresses to the vascular system.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the Lassa virus infect?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vascular system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does the Lassa virus infect?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Lassa virus

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vascular system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinary system, and then progresses to the vascular system.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: vascular system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Lassa virus

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Lassa virus

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary system,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: lungs

text: Symptoms can vary from person to person. Someone in early stage kidney disease may not feel sick or notice symptoms as they occur. When kidneys fail to filter properly, waste accumulates in the blood and the body, a condition called azotemia. Very low levels of azotaemia may produce few, if any, symptoms. If the disease progresses, symptoms become noticeable (if the failure is of sufficient degree to cause symptoms). Kidney failure accompanied by noticeable symptoms is termed uraemia.

text: Symptoms can vary from person to person. Someone in early stage kidney disease may not feel sick or notice symptoms as they occur. When kidneys fail to filter properly, waste accumulates in the blood and the body, a condition called

text: azotemia

text: . Very low levels of azotaemia may produce few, if any, symptoms. If the disease progresses, symptoms become noticeable (if the failure is of sufficient degree to cause symptoms). Kidney failure accompanied by noticeable symptoms is termed

text: uraemia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the final answer?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter properly

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys filter

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter properly

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: azotemia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: azotemia

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: azotemia.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: filter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: azotemia.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Someone in early stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: waste accumulates in the blood and the body,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filter properly,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: filter properly,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Symptoms can vary from person to person.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Symptoms can vary from person to person. Someone in early stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: azotemia.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: filter properly,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: waste accumulates in the blood and the body,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: azotemia.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: azotemia.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: azotemia.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The Malpighian tubule system is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system found in some  insects, myriapods, arachnids, and tardigrades.

text: The Malpighian tubule system is a type of

text: excretory

text: and

text: osmoregulatory

text: system found in some

text: insect

text: s,

text: myriapods

text: arachnid

text: s, and

text: tardigrade

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Malpighian tubule system is part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmoregulatory

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: tardigrades

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulatory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory and osmoregulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulatory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory and osmoregulatory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulatory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: osmoregulatory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: osmoregulatory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Malpighian tubule system

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tardigrades.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Malpighian tubule

text: Kidneys play a very large role in human osmoregulation by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules, which is controlled by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II. For example, a decrease in water potential of detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus, which stimulates ADH release from pituitary gland  to increase the permeability of the wall of the collecting ducts in the kidneys. Therefore, a large proportion of water is reabsorbed from fluid to prevent a fair proportion of water from being excreted.

text: Kidneys

text: play a very large role in human osmoregulation by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed from

text: glomerular filtrate

text: in kidney tubules, which is controlled by

text: hormones

text: such as

text: antidiuretic hormone

text: (ADH),

text: aldosterone

text: , and

text: angiotensin II

text: . For example, a decrease in

text: water potential

text: of detected by

text: osmoreceptors

text: in

text: hypothalamus

text: , which stimulates ADH release from

text: pituitary gland

text: to increase the

text: permeability

text: of the wall of the

text: collecting ducts

text: in the kidneys. Therefore, a large proportion of water is reabsorbed from fluid to prevent a fair proportion of water from being excreted.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidneys play a very large role

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulating the amount of water reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hypothalamus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: from glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the amount of water reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: increase the permeability of the wall of the collecting ducts in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: a large proportion of water is reabsorbed from fluid

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney tubules,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulating the amount of water reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: increase the permeability of the wall of the collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: angiotensin II.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidneys

text: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts through the renal papillae, emptying into the renal calyces, the renal pelvis, and finally into the urinary bladder via the ureter.

text: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts through the

text: renal papilla

text: e, emptying into the

text: renal calyces

text: , the

text: renal pelvis

text: , and finally into the

text: urinary bladder

text: via the

text: ureter

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal papillae

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal papillae

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: papillae

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: emptying into the renal pelvis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal papillae

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: medullary

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ureter.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Urine leaves the medullary collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the urinary bladder via the ureter.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal papillae,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis (Brickman & Campbell, 1971; Cummins & Lau, 2004). Measurement of overall happiness determined the SWB baseline. A higher SWB baseline indicates a higher SPQL. People who have experienced more positive and less negative intense experiences during their lives (i.e., transient deviations), have a higher SPQL. Intense experiences were assessed through measuring the frequency and intensity of nonnormative transient subjective experiences of happiness/unhappiness that deviate from the SWB baseline throughout time.

text: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis (Brickman & Campbell, 1971; Cummins & Lau, 2004). Measurement of overall happiness determined the SWB baseline. A higher SWB baseline indicates a higher SPQL. People who have experienced more positive and less negative intense experiences during their lives (i.e., transient deviations), have a higher SPQL. Intense experiences were assessed through measuring the frequency and intensity of nonnormative transient subjective experiences of happiness/unhappiness that deviate from the SWB baseline throughout time.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the function of the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2004).

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: SWB baseline is maintained by psychological and biological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: SWB

text: Basic physiology suggests that the urine produced in the first hours or day after being cut off from fluid supplies may be a useful source of fluid. Under conditions of dehydration, the kidneys need only 0.5 liters of water per 24 hours to excrete the 'waste' i.e. the salts and organic material that needs to be removed from the blood. Under normal conditions a healthy adult will produce some 2 L of urine, of which 1.5 L can be considered 'free water' while the other 0.5 L is needed to remove waste. Thus theoretically, drinking one L of normal human urine is equivalent to drinking 0.75 L of water. As dehydration proceeds, urine will become more concentrated and approach the limit of 0.5 L/24h where it is no longer useful as a 'beverage.'. However this theory neglects to include the need for additional water in order to reprocess the removed waste contained in the urine, which includes a substantial amount salt.

text: Basic physiology suggests that the urine produced in the first hours or day after being cut off from fluid supplies may be a useful source of fluid. Under conditions of dehydration, the kidneys need only 0.5 liters of water per 24 hours to excrete the 'waste' i.e. the salts and organic material that needs to be removed from the blood. Under normal conditions a healthy adult will produce some 2 L of urine, of which 1.5 L can be considered 'free water' while the other 0.5 L is needed to remove waste. Thus theoretically, drinking one L of normal human urine is equivalent to drinking 0.75 L of water. As dehydration proceeds, urine will become more concentrated and approach the limit of 0.5 L/24h where it is no longer useful as a 'beverage.'. However this theory neglects to include the need for additional water in order to reprocess the removed waste contained in the urine, which includes a substantial amount salt.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the waste enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reprocessed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete the 'waste'

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine will become more concentrated

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: 'waste'

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 'waste'

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a healthy adult will produce some 2 L of urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 0.5 liters of water per 24 hours

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete the 'waste'

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 0.5

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reprocess the removed waste

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete the 'waste'

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dehydration,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 2 L of urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 0.5 liters of water per 24 hours

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: removed from the blood.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: In east Asian countries practitioners commonly refer to acupuncture points by their traditional names.  Some points have several names.  When acupuncture was adopted in the western world, a standard nomenclature was developed to unambiguously identify the acupuncture points on meridians.  This model achieved wide acceptance and today virtually every book on acupuncture refers to acupuncture points using it.  The World Health Organization (WHO) published A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature Report in 1991, listing 361 classical acupuncture points organized according to the fourteen meridians, eight extra meridians, 48 extra points, and scalp acupuncture points, and published Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature in 1993, focused on the 361 classical acupuncture points.  Each acupuncture point is identified by the meridian on which it is located and its number in the point sequence on that channel.  For example, Lu-9 identifies the 9th acupuncture point on the lung meridian, tài yuān (太渊) or gui xin (鬼心), two names used for this same point. The only glitch with this unique systemized method can be found on the urinary bladder meridian, where the outer line of 14 points found on the back near the spine are inserted in one of two ways; following the last point of the inner line along the spine (會陽) and resuming with the point found in the crease of the buttocks (承扶), or following the point in the center of the crease of the knee (委中) and resuming with the point just below that (合陽), found in the bifurcation of the gastrocnemius muscle.  Although classification of the extra points often tries to utilize a similar shortcut method, where a numbered sequence along an assigned body part is used, there is no commonly agreed-upon system and therefore universal identification of these points relies on the original naming system of traditional Chinese characters.

text: In east Asian countries practitioners commonly refer to acupuncture points by their traditional names.  Some points have several names.  When acupuncture was adopted in the western world, a standard nomenclature was developed to unambiguously identify the acupuncture points on meridians.  This model achieved wide acceptance and today virtually every book on acupuncture refers to acupuncture points using it.  The

text: World Health Organization (WHO)

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lung meridian

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary bladder meridian

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: bifurcation

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: meridians

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: meridian

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: bladder meridian

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary bladder meridian

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: acupuncture

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: gastrocnemius muscle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lung meridian,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: xin

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: gastrocnemius muscle.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: eight

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary bladder meridian,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: gui xin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: gastrocnemius

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: In busy washrooms, urinals are installed for efficiency: compared with urination in a general-purpose toilet, usage is faster because within the room there are no additional doors, no locks, and no seat to turn up; also a urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less water per flush (or even no water at all) than a flush toilet. Urinals also come in different heights, to accommodate tall and short users, men or boys. There are often privacy barriers between the urinals.

text: In busy

text: washroom

text: s, urinals are installed for efficiency: compared with

text: urination

text: in a general-purpose toilet, usage is faster because within the room there are no additional doors, no locks, and no seat to turn up; also a urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less water per flush (or even no water at all) than a

text: flush toilet

text: . Urinals also come in different heights, to accommodate tall and short users, men or boys. There are often privacy barriers between the urinals.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinals are installed for efficiency

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: flush toilet

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: consumes less water per flush

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: flush toilet

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less water

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: consumes less water per flush

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: toilet,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less water

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less water

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: consumes less water

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: flush toilet.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: flush toilet.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urination in a general-purpose toilet,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinals

text: The circulatory and excretory system are closely related, in that the heart is surrounded by the triangular kidney. The kidney has a lamellate (layered) structure and it has two ureters. In this slug species, the ventricle of the heart is directed towards, and is very close to, the anal and respiratory openings. The ventricle of the heart is further away and further back than it is in species of the related genus Arion, the type genus of the family Arionidae.

text: The

text: circulatory

text: and

text: excretory system

text: are closely related, in that the heart is surrounded by the triangular

text: kidney

text: . The kidney has a lamellate (layered) structure and it has two

text: ureter

text: s. In this slug species, the

text: ventricle

text: of the heart is directed towards, and is very close to, the

text: anal

text: and

text: respiratory

text: openings. The ventricle of the heart is further away and further back than it is in species of the related genus

text: Arion

text: , the type genus of the family Arionidae.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory openings are very close to the anal

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidney has a lamellate (layered) structure and it has two ureters

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidney has a lamellate (layered) structure

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lamellate

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It has two ureters

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: anal

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: triangular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many ureters does the kidney have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: lamellate structure

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: has two ureters

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: It has two ureters

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The circulatory and excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: triangular kidney.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the heart is surrounded by the triangular kidney.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: the heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: triangular kidney.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: two ureters.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: triangular kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: triangular kidney.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lamellate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: The excretory system consists of segmented "kidneys" containing protonephridia instead of nephrons, and quite unlike those of vertebrates. Also unlike vertebrates, there are numerous, segmented gonads.

text: The excretory system consists of segmented "kidneys" containing

text: protonephridia

text: instead of

text: nephron

text: s, and quite unlike those of vertebrates. Also unlike vertebrates, there are numerous, segmented

text: gonad

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system consists of segmented kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gonads

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: none

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: gonads.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: protonephridia instead of nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: protonephridia instead of nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: vertebrates.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: protonephridia instead of nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: protonephridia instead of nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: protonephridia instead of nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system consists of segmented "kidneys"

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vertebrates.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: "kidneys"

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: protonephridia instead of nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: "kidneys"

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: "kidneys"

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: "kidneys"

text: A reaction, similar to the above-mentioned is seen in the normal population, who excrete small amounts of the chemical in their urine. Normal urine reacting to hydrogen peroxide does at times produce a bluish tinge.Tryptophan is first converted to indole (excreted in faeces), then to indican by bacteria in the gut. Indican, being water-soluble, is then excreted through the urine. Following absorption from the gut, indole is converted to 3-hydroxy indole (indoxyl or indican) in the liver, where it is again then conjugated with sulfuric acid or glucoronic acid through normal xenobiotic metabolism pathways. It is then transported to the kidneys for excretion.

text: A reaction, similar to the above-mentioned is seen in the normal population, who excrete small amounts of the chemical in their urine. Normal urine reacting to

text: hydrogen peroxide

text: does at times produce a bluish tinge.Tryptophan is first converted to

text: indole

text: (excreted in faeces), then to indican by

text: bacteria

text: in the gut. Indican, being water-soluble, is then

text: excreted

text: through the

text: urine

text: . Following absorption from the gut,

text: indole

text: is converted to 3-hydroxy indole (

text: indoxyl

text: or indican) in the liver, where it is again then conjugated with

text: sulfuric acid

text: or

text: glucoronic acid

text: through normal

text: xenobiotic metabolism

text: pathways. It is then transported to the kidneys for excretion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is then transported to the kidneys for excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: transported to the kidneys for excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, liver, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucoronic acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water-soluble, is then excreted through the urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: normal population, who excrete small amounts of the chemical in their urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: tinge.Tryptophan

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excrete small amounts of the chemical in their urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: faeces),

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: A reaction, similar to the above-mentioned

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: xenobiotic metabolism pathways.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidneys for excretion.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water-soluble,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: A reaction,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: indole

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucoronic acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: faeces),

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Due to the importance of IFT in maintaining functional cilia, defective IFT machinery has now been implicated in many disease phenotypes generally associated with non-functional (or absent) cilia. IFT88, for example, encodes a protein also known as Tg737 or Polaris in mouse and human, and the loss of this protein has been found to cause an autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease model phenotype in mice. Other human diseases such as retinal degeneration, situs inversus (a reversal of the body's left-right axis), Senior-Loken syndrome, liver disease, primary ciliary dyskinesia, nephronophthisis, Alstrom syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, Sensenbrenner syndrome, Jeune syndrome, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, which causes both cystic kidneys and retinal degeneration, have been linked to the IFT machinery. This diverse group of genetic syndromes and genetic diseases are now understood to arise due to malfunctioning cilia, and the term "ciliopathy" is now used to indicate their common origin.These and possibly many more disorders may be better understood via study of IFT.

text: Due to the importance of IFT in maintaining functional cilia, defective IFT machinery has now been implicated in many disease

text: phenotype

text: s generally associated with non-functional (or absent) cilia. IFT88, for example, encodes a protein also known as Tg737 or Polaris in mouse and human, and the loss of this protein has been found to cause an

text: autosomal

text: recessive

text: polycystic kidney disease

text: model phenotype in mice. Other human diseases such as

text: retinal degeneration

text: situs inversus

text: (a reversal of the body's left-right axis),

text: Senior-Loken syndrome

text: liver disease

text: primary ciliary dyskinesia

text: nephronophthisis

text: Alstrom syndrome

text: Meckel-Gruber syndrome

text: Sensenbrenner syndrome

text: Jeune syndrome

text: , and

text: Bardet-Biedl syndrome

text: , which causes both cystic kidneys and retinal degeneration, have been linked to the IFT machinery. This diverse group of

text: genetic syndromes

text: and

text: genetic diseases

text: are now understood to arise due to malfunctioning cilia, and the term "

text: ciliopathy

text: " is now used to indicate their common origin.These and possibly many more disorders may be better understood via study of IFT.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the primary ciliary dyskinesia?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Cyclic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain functional cilia

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Cystic kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Cystic kidneys

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: IFT

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintaining functional cilia,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: cystic kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver disease,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver disease,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: autosomal-recessive polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cystic kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: IFT

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: In 1993, Pro Radio Inc. bought the stations. The FM call letters were switched on Oct. 8, 1993, to the current WNKI  The change was controversial in that several popular personalities were let go as Pro Radio launched a top 40 format under the name of Wink 106 with a staff of air personalities, who were popular on other stations in the market. The change made some unwanted headlines when a presumably irate listener entered the main office (then at 99 W. First St.) after hours and doused it with fox urine.

text: In 1993, Pro Radio Inc. bought the stations. The FM call letters were switched on Oct. 8, 1993, to the current WNKI  The change was controversial in that several popular personalities were let go as Pro Radio launched a

text: top 40

text: format under the name of Wink 106 with a staff of air personalities, who were popular on other stations in the market. The change made some unwanted headlines when a presumably irate listener entered the main office (then at 99 W. First St.) after hours and doused it with

text: fox urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: FM call letters were switched on Oct. 8, 1993

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste: blood, urine, or waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What happened to the main office after hours?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys: keeping blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: passing through the ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: bladder, fox, or office?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: fox

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Wink

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: fox urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: fox

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 40

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fox

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: fox

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: fox

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fox

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: fox urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: fox

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: fox urine.

text: Bithynia siamensis serves as a first intermediate host for Southeast Asian liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. The number of excretory cells of the digestive system is increased in infected Bithynia siamensis.

text: Bithynia siamensis serves as a first

text: intermediate host

text: for Southeast Asian liver fluke

text: Opisthorchis viverrini

text: . The number of excretory cells of the

text: digestive system

text: is increased in infected Bithynia siamensis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or the digestive system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the final word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: How is water reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the first intermediate host for Opisthorchis viverrini?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The digestive system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Opisthorchis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: viverrini.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: viverrini.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The number of excretory cells of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The number of excretory cells of the digestive system is increased

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Bithynia siamensis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Bithynia siamensis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: There are three main sites where drug excretion occurs. The kidney is the most important site and it is where products are excreted through urine. Biliary excretion or fecal excretion is the process that initiates in the liver and passes through to the gut until the products are finally excreted along with waste products or feces. The last main method of excretion is through the lungs (e.g. anesthetic gases).

text: There are three main sites where drug excretion occurs. The kidney is the most important site and it is where products are excreted through urine. Biliary excretion or fecal excretion is the process that initiates in the liver and passes through to the gut until the products are finally excreted along with waste products or feces. The last main method of excretion is through the lungs (e.g. anesthetic gases).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion of anesthetic gases is what?

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not excreted through urine?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons do the kidneys contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a site where drugs are excreted?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted through urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a site where drug excretion occurs?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: fecal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The last main method of excretion is through the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: products are excreted through urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: products are excreted through urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine. Biliary excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fecal excretion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: anesthetic gases).

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine. Biliary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The kidney

text: Public urinals usually have a plastic mesh guard, which may optionally contain a deodorizing urinal deodorizer block or "urinal cake". The mesh is intended to prevent solid objects (such as cigarette butts, feces, chewing gum, or paper) from being flushed and possibly causing a plumbing stoppage. In some restaurants, bars, and clubs, ice may be put in the urinals, serving some of the same purposes as the deodorizing block without dispensing odorous chemicals.

text: Public urinals usually have a plastic mesh guard, which may optionally contain a deodorizing

text: urinal deodorizer block

text: or "urinal cake". The mesh is intended to prevent solid objects (such as

text: cigarette butt

text: s, feces,

text: chewing gum

text: , or paper) from being flushed and possibly causing a plumbing stoppage. In some restaurants, bars, and clubs, ice may be put in the urinals, serving some of the same purposes as the deodorizing block without dispensing odorous chemicals.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinal cake

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: deodorizing urinal deodorizer block

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Public urinals usually have a plastic mesh guard,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinal deodorizer block

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: a deodorizing urinal deodorizer block

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: odorous chemicals.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinal deodorizer block

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: odorous chemicals.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinal deodorizer block

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: a deodorizing urinal deodorizer block

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ice may be put in the urinals,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinals usually have a plastic mesh guard,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ice

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: flushed

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: solid objects

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ice may be put in the urinals,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: a deodorizing urinal deodorizer block

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: "urinal cake".

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: "urinal cake".

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: plumbing

text: It has been suggested that polymers might be developed that can learn and self-correct behavior over time. Although this might be a far distant possibility, there are other more feasible applications that appear to be coming in the near future. One of these is the idea of smart toilettes that analyze urine and help identify health problems. In environmental biotechnology, smart irrigation systems have been also been proposed. It would be incredibly useful to have a system that turns on and off, and controls fertilizer concentrations, based on soil moisture, pH and nutrient levels. Many creative approaches to targeted drug delivery systems that self-regulate based on their unique cellular surroundings, are also under investigation.

text: It has been suggested that polymers might be developed that can learn and self-correct behavior over time. Although this might be a far distant possibility, there are other more feasible applications that appear to be coming in the near future. One of these is the idea of smart toilettes that analyze urine and help identify health problems. In

text: environmental biotechnology

text: , smart

text: irrigation

text: systems have been also been proposed. It would be incredibly useful to have a system that turns on and off, and controls

text: fertilizer

text: concentrations, based on soil

text: moisture

text: , pH and

text: nutrient levels

text: . Many creative approaches to targeted drug delivery systems that self-regulate based on their unique

text: cell

text: ular surroundings, are also under investigation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: what is the idea of smart toilettes that analyze urine and help identify health problems

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine exits through a ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: toilets

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: smart toilettes that analyze urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nutrient levels

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: self-regulate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: toilette

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: smart toilettes

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: toilette

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: smart toilettes

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: self-correct behavior

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: health problems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: analyze urine and help identify health problems.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: smart toilettes that analyze urine and help identify health problems.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: polymers

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: time.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: smart toilettes

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: smart toilettes

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine and help identify health problems.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: smart toilettes

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: self-regulate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: controls fertilizer concentrations,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: smart toilettes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polymers

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cellular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: toilettes

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polymers

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: smart toilettes

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The main excretion-pathway is revealed to be through urine where up to one-third of the administered compound was recovered unchanged. o-toluidine and metabolites are known to bind to hemoglobin. The o-toluidine metabolite o-nitrosotoluene, is proven to cause bladder cancer in rats and is thought to bind to hemoglobin in humans.  o-Toluidine exposure has been researched in a number of different degrees in animals.

text: The main excretion-pathway is revealed to be through urine where up to one-third of the administered compound was recovered unchanged. o-toluidine and metabolites are known to bind to hemoglobin. The o-toluidine metabolite o-nitrosotoluene, is proven to cause bladder cancer in rats and is thought to bind to hemoglobin in humans.  o-Toluidine exposure has been researched in a number of different degrees in animals.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main excretion-pathway?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion-pathway

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the main excretion-pathway?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the main excretion-pathway revealed to be?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: o-toluidine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: o-toluidine exposure

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The main excretion-pathway is revealed to be through urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: up to one-third of the administered compound was recovered unchanged.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The main excretion-pathway is revealed to be through urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The main excretion-pathway

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one-third

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: up to one-third

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion-pathway

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion-pathway is revealed to be through urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The main excretion-pathway

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretion-pathway

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemoglobin.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretion-pathway

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: The GFR can be determined by injecting inulin or the inulin-analog sinistrin into the plasma.  Since both inulin and sinistrin are neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the kidney after glomerular filtration, their rate of excretion is directly proportional to the rate of filtration of water and solutes across the glomerular filter. Compared to the MDRD formula, the inulin clearance slightly overestimates the glomerular function. In early stage renal disease, the inulin clearance may remain normal due to hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons. Incomplete urine collection is an important source of error in inulin clearance measurement.

text: The GFR can be determined by injecting

text: inulin

text: or the inulin-analog

text: sinistrin

text: into the plasma.  Since both inulin and sinistrin are neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the kidney after glomerular filtration, their rate of excretion is directly proportional to the rate of filtration of water and solutes across the glomerular filter. Compared to the MDRD formula, the inulin clearance slightly overestimates the glomerular function. In early stage renal disease, the inulin clearance may remain normal due to

text: hyperfiltration

text: in the remaining

text: nephrons

text: . Incomplete urine collection is an important source of error in inulin clearance measurement.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a source of error in inulin clearance measurement

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: remaining nephrons

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Incomplete urine collection

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Incomplete urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: remaining nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney after glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The GFR

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular filter.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephrons.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filter.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular filter.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The pharynx is a muscular food pump in the head of C. elegans, which is triangular in cross-section. This grinds food and transports it directly to the intestine. A set of "valve cells" connects the pharynx to the intestine, but how this valve operates is not understood. After digestion, the contents of the intestine are released via the rectum, as is the case with all other nematodes. No direct connection exists between the pharynx and the excretory canal, which functions in the release of liquid urine.

text: The pharynx is a muscular food pump in the head of C. elegans, which is triangular in cross-section. This grinds food and transports it directly to the intestine. A set of "valve cells" connects the pharynx to the intestine, but how this valve operates is not understood. After digestion, the contents of the intestine are released via the rectum, as is the case with all other nematodes. No direct connection exists between the pharynx and the

text: excretory

text: canal, which functions in the release of liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: No direct connection exists between the pharynx and the excretory canal, which functions in the release of liquid urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the excretory canal work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the excretory canal?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pharynx

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: release of liquid urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory canal, which functions in the release of liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: "valve cells"

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: release of liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pharynx and the excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: pharynx

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: release of liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: release of liquid urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory canal,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory canal,

text: It is soon revealed that Beth is actually Felicia's daughter, aiding her mother in revenge on Paul. After she and Paul sleep together, Beth questions her mother's sanity and if she knew for certain Paul killed her sister, so the two women have a fight. When Paul is shot later in the season, Beth returns to jail, convinced her mother had something to do with it but Felicia is honestly surprised to hear it happened. Unknown to Beth, the detectives investigating the shooting told Paul how she was Felicia's daughter, making him realize how she has been using him all along. While Paul develops hatred for Beth, Beth falls in love with Paul, and has turned against Felicia to support Paul. He kicks Beth out of the house, but she tries to get back with Paul, telling him how she believed her mother's claims of Paul killing her aunt but now that she knows him, does not believe it. She is thus shocked when Paul confesses to having killed Martha after all. Beth goes to see Felicia in prison where her mother berates her for being so stupid as to not get the confession on tape and that Beth is useless to her, telling the guards to remove her daughter from the visitor list. Beth then learns is a match to be a kidney donor for Susan. With nothing else to live for, Beth goes to the hospital and makes sure the nurse in the waiting room files the paperwork ensuring her kidney will go to Susan. Beth then pulls a gun out of her purse and shoots herself in the head, leaving her brain dead. At first, Paul refuses to give Susan Beth's kidney, but later decides to let Susan have the kidney and mourns his wife.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney is part of what system?

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does Beth's kidney work?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the normal process of urination?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes kidney cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys does Susan have?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: How does Beth die?

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: by removing waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is Beth a match to be?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: How does Beth die?

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Beth

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: gun

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: shoots herself in the head, leaving her brain dead.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Beth

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Beth's kidney, but later decides to let Susan

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Susan.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Though the collecting duct is normally impermeable to water, it becomes permeable in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH affects the function of aquaporins, resulting in the reabsorption of water molecules as it passes through the collecting duct. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that selectively conduct water molecules while preventing the passage of ions and other solutes. As much as three-quarters of the water from urine can be reabsorbed as it leaves the collecting duct by osmosis. Thus the levels of ADH determine whether urine will be concentrated or diluted. An increase in ADH is an indication of dehydration, while water sufficiency results in a decrease in ADH allowing for diluted urine.

text: Though the collecting duct is normally impermeable to water, it becomes permeable in the presence of

text: antidiuretic hormone

text: (ADH). ADH affects the function of

text: aquaporins

text: , resulting in the reabsorption of water molecules as it passes through the collecting duct. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that selectively conduct water molecules while preventing the passage of ions and other solutes. As much as three-quarters of the water from urine can be reabsorbed as it leaves the collecting duct by osmosis. Thus the levels of ADH determine whether urine will be concentrated or diluted. An increase in ADH is an indication of

text: dehydration

text: , while water sufficiency results in a decrease in ADH allowing for diluted urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a collection duct?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: dehydration

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorption of water molecules

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: As much as three-quarters of the water from urine can be reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: three-quarters

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: dehydration,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorption of water molecules

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: diluted

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: the collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three-quarters

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: diluted

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: three-quarters of the water from urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reabsorption of water molecules

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diluted urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: antidiuretic hormone

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmosis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: collecting duct

text: Unacceptable combinations are non-dihydropyridine calcium blockers (such as verapamil or diltiazem) and beta-blockers, dual renin–angiotensin system blockade (e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor + angiotensin receptor blocker), renin–angiotensin system blockers and beta-blockers, beta-blockers and centrally acting medications. Combinations of an ACE-inhibitor or angiotensin II–receptor antagonist, a diuretic and an NSAID (including selective COX-2 inhibitors and non-prescribed medications such as ibuprofen) should be avoided whenever possible due to a high documented risk of acute kidney failure. The combination is known colloquially as a "triple whammy" in the Australian health industry. Tablets containing fixed combinations of two classes of medications are available and while convenient for the people, may be best reserved for those who have been established on the individual components. Additionally, the use of treatments with vasoactive agents for people with pulmonary hypertension with left heart disease or hypoxemic lung diseases may cause harm and unnecessary expense.

text: Unacceptable combinations are non-dihydropyridine calcium blockers (such as verapamil or diltiazem) and beta-blockers, dual renin–angiotensin system blockade (e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor + angiotensin receptor blocker), renin–angiotensin system blockers and beta-blockers, beta-blockers and centrally acting medications. Combinations of an ACE-inhibitor or angiotensin II–receptor antagonist, a diuretic and an

text: NSAID

text: (including selective COX-2 inhibitors and non-prescribed medications such as ibuprofen) should be avoided whenever possible due to a high documented risk of acute kidney failure. The combination is known colloquially as a "triple whammy" in the Australian health industry. Tablets containing fixed combinations of two classes of medications are available and while convenient for the people, may be best reserved for those who have been established on the individual components. Additionally, the use of treatments with vasoactive agents for people with pulmonary hypertension with left heart disease or

text: hypoxemic

text: lung diseases may cause harm and unnecessary expense.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: COX-2 inhibitors

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renal function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: COX-2

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable combinations

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: angiotensin II–receptor antagonist

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renin

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renin–angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renin–angiotensin system blockade

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: a diuretic

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a diuretic

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: pulmonary hypertension

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "triple whammy"

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: NSAID

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "triple whammy"

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: a diuretic

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renin–angiotensin system blockade

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acute kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: "triple whammy"

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renin–angiotensin system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: calcium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: "triple whammy"

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vasoactive

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The development of the urinary system as a part of the prenatal development, concerns the urinary system and sex organs. The latter is a part of the stages of sexual differentiation.

text: The development of the urinary system as a part of the

text: prenatal development

text: , concerns the

text: urinary system

text: and

text: sex organs

text: . The latter is a part of the stages of

text: sexual differentiation

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the stages of sexual differentiation?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first word in the first paragraph?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: how does the kidneys work

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sex

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: sex organ

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The development of the urinary system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: sex organs.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: sex organs.

text: Excretion: Clearance: Plasma: 99-119 mL/minute

text: Excretion: Clearance: Plasma: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: plasma is 99-119 mL/minute.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: How many mL/minute does the process of excretion clear?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Clearance: Plasma: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Plasma:

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Plasma: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Plasma:

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Clearance:

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Plasma:

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 99-119

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: context: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 99-119 mL/minute

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Plasma:

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Plasma:

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Excretion:

text: Eszopiclone acts on benzodiazepine binding site situated on GABA neurons as an agonist.Eszopiclone is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with serum levels peaking between .45 and 1.3 hours. The elimination half-life of eszopiclone is approximately 6 hours and it is extensively metabolized by oxidation and demethylation. Approximately 52% to 59% of a dose is weakly bound to plasma protein. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 are involved in the biotransformation of eszopiclone; thus, drugs that induce or inhibit these CYP isozymes may affect the metabolism of eszopiclone. Less than 10% of the orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as racemic zopiclone. In terms of benzodiazepine receptor binding and relevant potency, 3 mg of eszopiclone is equivalent to 10 mg of diazepam.

text: Eszopiclone acts on

text: benzodiazepine

text: binding site situated on

text: GABA neurons

text: as an

text: agonist

text: .Eszopiclone is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with serum levels peaking between .45 and 1.3 hours. The elimination half-life of eszopiclone is approximately 6 hours and it is extensively metabolized by oxidation and demethylation. Approximately 52% to 59% of a dose is weakly bound to plasma protein. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes

text: and

text: are involved in the biotransformation of eszopiclone; thus, drugs that induce or inhibit these CYP isozymes may affect the metabolism of eszopiclone. Less than 10% of the orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as racemic zopiclone. In terms of benzodiazepine receptor binding and relevant potency, 3 mg of eszopiclone is equivalent to 10 mg of

text: diazepam

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not excreted in the urine as racemic zopiclone?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many hours does the elimination half-life of eszopiclone last?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: less than 10%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed by the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine as racemic zopiclone

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is excreted in the urine as racemic zopiclone?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: zopiclone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CYP3A4

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Eszopiclone

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Cytochrome P450

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Cytochrome P450

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Eszopiclone

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: CYP2E1

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: CYP2E1

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1.3 hours.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Cytochrome P450

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: CYP2E1

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: CYP2E1

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: CYP2E1

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Eszopiclone

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Cytochrome P450

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: racemic zopiclone.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Eszopiclone

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Cytochrome P450

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: The ground substance, according to German research, determines what enters and exits the cell and maintains homeostasis, which requires a rapid communication system to respond to complex signals(see also Bruce Lipton).

text: The ground substance, according to German research, determines what enters and exits the cell and maintains homeostasis, which requires a rapid communication system to respond to complex signals(see also

text: Bruce Lipton

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: homeostasis requires a rapid communication system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintains homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cell

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: what does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: respond to complex signals

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: maintains homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintains homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maintains homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The ground substance, according to German research,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The ground substance, according to German research,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: rapid communication system to respond to complex signals(see

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The ground

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The ground substance, according to German research,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The ground substance,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The ground substance,

text: Chronic kidney disease was the cause of 956,000 deaths globally in 2013, up from 409,000 deaths in 1990. In Canada 1.9 to 2.3 million people were estimated to have CKD in 2008. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that CKD affected an estimated 16.8% of U.S. adults aged 20 years and older in the period from 1999 to 2004. UK estimates suggested that in 2007 8.8% of the population of Great Britain and Northern Ireland had symptomatic CKD.

text: Chronic kidney disease was the cause of 956,000 deaths globally in 2013, up from 409,000 deaths in 1990. In Canada 1.9 to 2.3 million people were estimated to have CKD in 2008. The U.S.

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: found that CKD affected an estimated 16.8% of U.S. adults aged 20 years and older in the period from 1999 to 2004. UK estimates suggested that in 2007 8.8% of the population of Great Britain and Northern Ireland had symptomatic CKD.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does a person have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to know

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or ureters?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1.9 to 2.3 million people were estimated to have CKD in 2008.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1.9 to 2.3 million people were estimated to have CKD in 2008.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The excretory and circulatory systems are located at the right side of the body just at the beginning of the visceral hump.

text: The

text: excretory

text: and

text: circulatory systems

text: are located at the right side of the body just at the beginning of the visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the ureter do?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the excretory system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: in the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the excretory system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Circulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The excretory and circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The excretory

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The excretory

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The excretory and circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: The excretory and circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The excretory

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The excretory and circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The excretory and circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The excretory and circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulatory systems

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: visceral hump.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: visceral hump.

text: Nephrology (from Greek νεφρός nephros "kidney", combined with the suffix -logy, "the study of") is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems and renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). Systemic conditions that affect the kidneys (such as diabetes and autoimmune disease) and systemic problems that occur as a result of kidney problems (such as renal osteodystrophy and hypertension) are also studied in nephrology. A physician who has undertaken additional training to become an expert in nephrology may call themselves a nephrologist or renal physician.

text: Nephrology (from

text: Greek

text: νεφρός

text: nephros "

text: kidney

text: ", combined with the suffix -logy, "the study of") is a

text: specialty

text: of

text: medicine

text: and

text: pediatrics

text: that concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems and

text: renal replacement therapy

text: dialysis

text: and

text: kidney transplantation

text: ). Systemic conditions that affect the kidneys (such as

text: diabetes

text: and

text: autoimmune disease

text: ) and systemic problems that occur as a result of kidney problems (such as

text: renal osteodystrophy

text: and

text: hypertension

text: ) are also studied in nephrology. A physician who has undertaken additional training to become an

text: expert

text: in nephrology may call themselves a nephrologist or renal physician.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: systemic conditions that affect the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many kidneys filter all of the blood in the body

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertension

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: normal kidney function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: affect the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: osteodystrophy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal osteodystrophy

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diabetes and autoimmune disease)

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertension)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: "kidney",

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney transplantation).

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Systemic conditions

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Nephrology

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal replacement therapy (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: "kidney",

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: osteodystrophy

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: (dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: "kidney",

text: The Kidney TRUST was founded in 2006 by DaVita. It is an independent, nonprofit organization that believes everyone should be empowered to take a proactive role in their health. The Kidney TRUST is seeking to reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through free, rapid screening in non-medical settings and providing financial assistance to people affected

text: The Kidney TRUST was founded in 2006 by DaVita. It is an independent, nonprofit organization that believes everyone should be empowered to take a proactive role in their health. The Kidney TRUST is seeking to reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through free, rapid screening in non-medical settings and providing financial assistance to people affected

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidney TRUST is seeking to reduce progression of chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the kidney TRUST seeking to reduce?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does CKD stand for?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: CKD

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: none

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: free, rapid screening

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or CKD?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: (CKD)

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: CKD

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: DaVita

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: (CKD)

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: everyone should be empowered to take a proactive role in their health.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: free, rapid screening in non-medical settings

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease (CKD) through free, rapid screening

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (CKD)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: screening in non-medical settings

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: There are two main excretion processes of acrylonitrile. The primary method is excretion in urine when acrylonitrile is metabolized by being directly conjugated to glutathione. The other method is when acrylonitrile is metabolized with 2-cyanoethylene oxide to produce cyanide end products that ultimately forms thiocyanate, which is excreted via urine, or carbon dioxide and eliminated through the lungs. Metabolites can be detected in the blood and urine.

text: There are two main excretion processes of acrylonitrile. The primary method is excretion in urine when acrylonitrile is metabolized by being directly conjugated to

text: glutathione

text: . The other method is when acrylonitrile is metabolized with

text: 2-cyanoethylene oxide

text: to produce

text: cyanide

text: end products that ultimately forms

text: thiocyanate

text: , which is excreted via urine, or

text: carbon dioxide

text: and eliminated through the lungs. Metabolites can be detected in the blood and urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: carbon dioxide is eliminated through the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the primary method of excretion of acrylonitrile?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the lungs

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How is thiocyanate excreted?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion in urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion in urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion in urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion in urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the primary method of excretion of acrylonitrile?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: thiocyanate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine, or carbon dioxide and eliminated through the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine, or carbon dioxide and eliminated through the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine, or carbon dioxide and eliminated through the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminated through the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: glutathione.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glutathione.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: metabolized by being directly conjugated to glutathione.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: glutathione.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glutathione.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: thiocyanate,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: carbon dioxide and eliminated through the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: lungs.

text: The Excretory organs are only the left ones, in the pallial cavity. In the circulatory system the haemolymph circulates as follows: mantle → nephridium or nephridia  → heart.

text: The

text: Excretory organs

text: are only the left ones, in the pallial cavity. In the

text: circulatory system

text: the

text: haemolymph

text: circulates as follows:

text: mantle

text: nephridium

text: or nephridia  → heart.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last place mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: what is the last organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory ones

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: only left ones

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory organ?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last place mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mantle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The Excretory organs are only the left ones,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The Excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The Excretory organs are only the left ones,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: haemolymph circulates

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: left ones,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The Excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Excretory organs are only the left ones,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: left ones,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: In the circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: left ones, in the pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pallial cavity.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The Excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: haemolymph

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: pallial cavity.

text: Difficulty was found by other workers in repeating Belzer's successful 72-hour perfusion storage experiments. Woods  was able to achieve successful 48-hour storage of 3 out of 6 kidneys when he used the Belzer additives with cryoprecipitated plasma as the perfusate in a hypothermic perfusion system, but he was unable to extend the storage time to 72 hours as Belzer had done. However, Woods  later achieved successful 3 and 7 days storage of dog kidneys. Woods had modified Belzer's perfusate by the addition of 250 mg of methyl prednisolone, increased the magnesium sulphate content to 16.2 mEq and the insulin to 320 units. Six of 6 kidneys produced life sustaining function when they were reimplanted after 72 hours storage despite immediate contralateral nephrectomies; 1 of 2 kidneys produced life sustaining function after 96 hours storage, 1 of 2 after 120 hours storage, and 1 of 2 after 168 hours storage. Perfusate pressure was 60 mm Hg with a perfusate pump rate of 70 beats per minute, and perfusate pH was automatically maintained at 7.4 by a C02 titrator. Woods stressed the importance of hydration of the donor and recipient animals. Without the methyl prednisolone, Woods found vessel fragility to be a problem when storage times were longer than 48 hours.

text: Difficulty was found by other workers in repeating Belzer's successful 72-hour perfusion storage experiments. Woods  was able to achieve successful 48-hour storage of 3 out of 6 kidneys when he used the Belzer additives with cryoprecipitated plasma as the perfusate in a hypothermic perfusion system, but he was unable to extend the storage time to 72 hours as Belzer had done. However, Woods  later achieved successful 3 and 7 days storage of dog kidneys. Woods had modified Belzer's perfusate by the addition of 250 mg of methyl prednisolone, increased the magnesium sulphate content to 16.2 mEq and the insulin to 320 units. Six of 6 kidneys produced life sustaining function when they were reimplanted after 72 hours storage despite immediate contralateral nephrectomies; 1 of 2 kidneys produced life sustaining function after 96 hours storage, 1 of 2 after 120 hours storage, and 1 of 2 after 168 hours storage. Perfusate pressure was 60 mm Hg with a perfusate pump rate of 70 beats per minute, and perfusate pH was automatically maintained at 7.4 by a C02 titrator. Woods stressed the importance of hydration of the donor and recipient animals. Without the methyl prednisolone, Woods found vessel fragility to be a problem when storage times were longer than 48 hours.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys did Belzer have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many kidneys produced life sustaining function after 72 hours storage

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: perfusate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys produced life sustaining function after 72 hours storage

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: perfusate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 6

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: perfusion system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys produced life sustaining function after 72 hours storage?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: pumping

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephrectomies

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or perfusion?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephro

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: magnesium sulphate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Nephrectomy

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys produced life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: 48-hour storage of 3 out of 6 kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: contralateral nephrectomies;

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephrectomies;

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Six of 6 kidneys produced life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: perfusate pump rate of 70 beats per minute,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Six of 6 kidneys produced life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hydration

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 60 mm Hg

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Six of 6 kidneys produced life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephrectomies;

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nephrectomies;

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 6

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephrectomies;

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: a perfusate pump rate of 70 beats per minute,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 6

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: pump rate of 70 beats per minute,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Six of 6 kidneys produced life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nephrectomies;

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Six of 6 kidneys produced life sustaining function

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephrectomies;

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: magnesium sulphate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cryoprecipitated plasma

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: pump

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The role of BMP7 in mammalian kidney development is through induction of MET of the metanephrogenic blastema. The epithelial tissue emerging from this MET process eventually forms the tubules and glomeruli of the nephron. BMP-7 is also important in homeostasis of the adult kidney by inhibiting ephithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BMP-7 expression is attenuated when the nephron is placed under inflammatory or ischemic stress, leading to EMT, which can result in fibrosis of the kidney. This type of fibrosis often leads to renal failure, and is predictive of end stage renal disease.

text: The role of BMP7 in mammalian kidney development is through induction of MET of the metanephrogenic blastema. The epithelial tissue emerging from this MET process eventually forms the tubules and glomeruli of the nephron. BMP-7 is also important in homeostasis of the adult kidney by inhibiting ephithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BMP-7 expression is attenuated when the nephron is placed under inflammatory or ischemic stress, leading to EMT, which can result in fibrosis of the kidney. This type of fibrosis often leads to renal failure, and is predictive of end stage renal disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the adult kidney?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: adult kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the function of the glomeruli?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: by inhibiting ephithelial-mesenchymal transition

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: fibrosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the role of BMP7 in mammalian kidney development?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephron.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glomeruli of the nephron.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: MET of the metanephrogenic blastema.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: BMP7

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomeruli of the nephron.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal failure,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: glomeruli of the nephron.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: metanephrogenic blastema.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephron.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The role of BMP7

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephron.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubules and glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: glomeruli of the nephron.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: inhibiting ephithelial-mesenchymal transition

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: fibrosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephron.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: fibrosis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ischemic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In some traditions such as Hinduism, the third eye is said to be located around the middle of the forehead, slightly above the junction of the eyebrows. In other traditions, as in Theosophy, it is believed to be connected with the pineal gland. According to this theory, humans had in far ancient times an actual third eye in the back of the head with a physical and spiritual function. Over time, as humans evolved, this eye atrophied and sunk into what today is known as the pineal gland. Dr. Rick Strassman has hypothesized that the pineal gland, which maintains light sensitivity, is responsible for the production and release of DMT (dimethyltryptamine), an entheogen which he believes possibly could be excreted in large quantities at the moments of birth and death.

text: In some traditions such as Hinduism, the third eye is said to be located around the middle of the forehead, slightly above the junction of the eyebrows. In other traditions, as in

text: Theosophy

text: , it is believed to be connected with the

text: pineal gland

text: . According to this theory, humans had in far ancient times an actual third eye in the back of the head with a physical and spiritual function. Over time, as humans evolved, this eye atrophied and sunk into what today is known as the pineal gland. Dr.

text: Rick Strassman

text: has hypothesized that the pineal gland, which maintains light sensitivity, is responsible for the production and release of

text: DMT

text: (dimethyltryptamine), an

text: entheogen

text: which he believes possibly could be excreted in large quantities at the moments of birth and death.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pineal gland

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pineal gland

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a third

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in large quantities

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pineal gland

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: DMT

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: third eye

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: birth and death.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: third eye

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: birth and death.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: third eye

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: third eye in the back of the head with a physical and spiritual function.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: middle of the forehead, slightly above the junction of the eyebrows.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in large quantities

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (dimethyltryptamine),

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: In some traditions such as Hinduism,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: pineal gland.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: pineal gland.

text: Furthermore, for more complex systems it should be questioned if (derived, lower level) requirements and related product specifications are validated? Will it later result in worn items and systems, by general wear, fatigue or corrosion mechanisms, debris accumulation or due to maintenance induced failures? Are there interactions on any system level (as investigated by for example Fault Tree Analysis)? How many of these systems still meet function and fulfill the needs after a week of operation? What performance losses  occurred? Did full system failure occur? What happens after the end of a one-year warranty period? And what happens after 50 years (a common lifetime for aircraft, trains, nuclear systems, etc...)? That is where "reliability" comes in. These issues are far more complex and can not be controlled only by a standard "quality" (six sigma) way of working. They need a systems engineering approach.

text: Furthermore, for more complex systems it should be questioned if (derived, lower level) requirements and related product specifications are validated? Will it later result in worn items and systems, by general wear, fatigue or corrosion mechanisms, debris accumulation or due to maintenance induced failures? Are there interactions on any system level (as investigated by for example Fault Tree Analysis)? How many of these systems still meet function and fulfill the needs after a week of operation? What performance losses  occurred? Did full system failure occur? What happens after the end of a one-year warranty period? And what happens after 50 years (a common lifetime for aircraft, trains, nuclear systems, etc...)? That is where "reliability" comes in. These issues are far more complex and can not be controlled only by a standard "quality" (six sigma) way of working. They need a

text: systems engineering

text: approach.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys work?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: How many of these systems still meet function and fulfill the needs after a week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys are needed to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What happens after the end of one-year warranty period?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate blood pH

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes cause kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: systems still meet function and fulfill the needs after a week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: How many of these systems still meet function and fulfill the needs

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Did full system failure occur?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: a week of operation? What performance losses occurred? Did full system failure

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Did full system failure occur?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: week of operation? What performance losses occurred? Did full system failure occur?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: week of operation? What performance losses occurred? Did full system failure occur?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: function and fulfill the needs after a week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: one-year warranty period? And what happens after 50 years

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 50 years

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Fault Tree Analysis)?

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: a week of operation?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: general wear, fatigue or corrosion mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Did full system failure occur?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: week of operation? What performance losses occurred? Did full system failure occur?

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: maintenance induced failures?

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: How many of these systems still meet function and fulfill the needs

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Did full system failure occur?

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Fault Tree Analysis)?

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Fault Tree Analysis)?

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: corrosion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: corrosion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (six sigma)

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: corrosion mechanisms,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: a week of operation? What performance losses occurred? Did full system failure occur?

text: Huber’s research focus is to understand the complex signaling networks that regulate the development, maintenance and disease progression of the kidney. His translational research program involves model organisms, transgenic mouse models, high-throughput screenings, systems biology and high-resolution imaging approaches to elucidate kidney signaling programs in health and disease. Huber's team identified several molecular mechanisms important for renal development, maintenance, ageing and disease of the kidney.

text: Huber’s research focus is to understand the complex signaling networks that regulate the development, maintenance and disease progression of the

text: kidney

text: . His

text: translational research

text: program involves

text: model organism

text: s,

text: transgenic mouse models

text: high-throughput screening

text: s,

text: systems biology

text: and high-resolution imaging approaches to elucidate kidney

text: signaling programs

text: in health and disease. Huber's team identified several molecular mechanisms important for renal development, maintenance, ageing and

text: disease

text: of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system, the respiratory system, and the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood and return it to the body.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the final product of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: development, maintenance and disease progression

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does Huber's research focus?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove waste from the kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Huber's team identified several molecular mechanisms important for renal development, maintenance, ageing and disease of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Huber has two kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Huber’s team identified several molecular mechanisms important for renal development, maintenance, ageing and disease of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: resorption

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the development, maintenance and disease progression

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: high-resolution imaging

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Huber

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: transgenic mouse models,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: disease progression

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney signaling programs

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the development, maintenance and disease progression

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: signaling networks

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: disease progression of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: high-throughput screenings,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: Each system contributes to homeostasis, of itself, other systems, and the entire body. Some combined systems are referred to by joint names. For example, the nervous system and the endocrine system operate together as the neuroendocrine system. The nervous system receives information from the body, and transmits this to the brain via nerve impulses and neurotransmitters. At the same time, the endocrine system releases hormones, such as to help regulate blood pressure and volume. Together, these systems regulate the internal environment of the body, maintaining blood flow, posture, energy supply, temperature, and acid balance (pH).

text: Each system contributes to homeostasis, of itself, other systems, and the entire body. Some combined systems are referred to by joint names. For example, the nervous system and the endocrine system operate together as the

text: neuroendocrine system

text: . The nervous system receives information from the body, and transmits this to the brain via

text: nerve impulse

text: s and

text: neurotransmitter

text: s. At the same time, the

text: endocrine system

text: releases hormones, such as to help regulate

text: blood pressure

text: and volume. Together, these systems regulate the internal environment of the body, maintaining blood flow, posture, energy supply, temperature, and acid balance (

text: pH

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The nervous system and the endocrine system operate together as the neuroendocrine system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acid balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulate the internal environment of the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the nervous system and the endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the renal system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the internal environment of the body

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: regulate the internal environment of the body

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the nervous system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hematology

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nerve impulses and neurotransmitters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nerve impulses and neurotransmitters.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acid balance (pH).

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: blood flow,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: endocrine system releases hormones,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: acid balance (pH).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: body.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: endocrine system releases hormones,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nerve impulses and neurotransmitters.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: acid balance

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nerve impulses and neurotransmitters.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nerve impulses and neurotransmitters.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: endocrine system operate together as the neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: acid

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: endocrine system operate together as the neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: endocrine system operate together as the neuroendocrine system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: endocrine system

text: The design difference between the various models is the shape and size of the two compartments and in the way the flush water is introduced for the two compartments. In addition, the Roederig NoMix toilet was the only toilet that was able to collect the urine pure - without any flush water - due to a valve on the urine compartment that was opened when the user sat down and closed when the user stood up and flushed the toilet. It was also this valve that caused a lot of maintenance issues due to struvite precipitation in this valve. In the other urine diversion flush toilet models, the urine is diluted with a small amount of flush water, usually about one litre per flush.

text: The design difference between the various models is the shape and size of the two compartments and in the way the flush water is introduced for the two compartments. In addition, the Roederig NoMix toilet was the only toilet that was able to collect the urine pure - without any flush water - due to a valve on the urine compartment that was opened when the user sat down and closed when the user stood up and flushed the toilet. It was also this valve that caused a lot of maintenance issues due to struvite precipitation in this valve. In the other urine diversion flush toilet models, the urine is diluted with a small amount of flush water, usually about one litre per flush.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blood containing wastes

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: collect the urine pure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: flush the toilet

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: It removes excess water and salts

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: stenosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine diversion flush toilet models

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: struvite precipitation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the urine compartment

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: struvite

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: NoMix toilet

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine pure - without any flush water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: diluted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: diluted with a small amount of flush water,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: flush water

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two compartments.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: valve

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine pure - without any flush water

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: diluted with a small amount of flush water,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine pure - without any flush water

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the urine is diluted with a small amount of flush water,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: struvite precipitation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Roederig NoMix

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: struvite

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine compartment

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: struvite

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine diversion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: struvite

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Effects from oral doses often are felt within an hour of administration, lasting somewhere from six to eight hours in effect.  A non-selective depressant of the CNS, Butabarbital sodium is used as a sedative hypnotic, depending on dose, to induce drowsiness or sleep, or reduce anxiety and tension.  Butabarbital sodium can be used as a pre-surgical anesthetic aid or in the short-term treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders.  For short term sleep maintenance and induction butabarbital sodium treatment is recommended to be limited to two weeks, after which it begins to lose efficacy. The half life is approximately 100hrs, eliminated primarily by hepatic microsomal enzymes and excreted in the urine.

text: Effects from oral doses often are felt within an hour of administration, lasting somewhere from six to eight hours in effect.  A non-selective depressant of the CNS, Butabarbital sodium is used as a sedative hypnotic, depending on dose, to induce drowsiness or sleep, or reduce anxiety and tension.  Butabarbital sodium can be used as a pre-surgical anesthetic aid or in the short-term treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders.  For short term sleep maintenance and induction butabarbital sodium treatment is recommended to be limited to two weeks, after which it begins to lose efficacy. The half life is approximately 100hrs, eliminated primarily by hepatic microsomal enzymes and excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Butabarbital sodium can be used as a pre-surgical

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is excreted in the urine?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: What organs do you need to live a normal, healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: CNS

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: approximately 100hrs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is excreted in the urine?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is excreted in the urine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Butabarbital sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Butabarbital

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: CNS,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: six to eight

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Butabarbital sodium

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes and excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: microsomal

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hepatic microsomal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hepatic microsomal enzymes

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hepatic microsomal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: hepatic

text: The nephridia consists of an opening called nephrostome, a long convoluted tubule and another opening called the nephridiopore. Body fluids are filtered in through the nephrostome and passed through the convoluted tubule system. Essential substances are reabsorbed through active mechanisms and waste products are secreted back into the lumen of the tube. The resulting excretory fluid or urine is passed out through the nephridiopore.

text: The nephridia consists of an opening called

text: nephrostome

text: , a long

text: convoluted tubule

text: and another opening called the nephridiopore. Body fluids are

text: filtered

text: in through the

text: nephrostome

text: and passed through the convoluted tubule system. Essential substances are

text: reabsorbed

text: through active mechanisms and waste products are

text: secreted

text: back into the lumen of the tube. The resulting excretory fluid or

text: urine

text: is passed out through the nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste product: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephrostome

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephrostome

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory fluid or urine is passed out through the nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a waste product?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory fluid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory fluid or urine is passed out through the nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory fluid or urine is passed out

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the nephridia?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrostome

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Nephridia

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: convoluted tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephrostome

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephrostome,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephrostome

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine is passed out through the nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: active mechanisms

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: waste products

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory fluid or urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The nephridia

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Essential substances are reabsorbed through active mechanisms

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Essential substances are reabsorbed through active mechanisms

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: waste products are secreted

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The nephridia

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridia

text: A protonephridium (proto = "first") is a network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings found in the phyla Platyhelminthes, Nemertea and Rotifera. The ends are called flame cells (if ciliated) or solenocytes (if flagellated); they function in osmoregulation and ionoregulation, respectively. The terminal cells are located at the blind end of the protonephridium. Each cell has one or more cilia and their beating inside the protonephridial tube creates an outward going current and hence a partial pressurization in the blind of the tube. Because of this, pressurization drives waste fluids from the inside of the animal, and they are pulled through small perforations in the terminal cells and into the protonephridium. The perforations in the terminal cell are large enough for small molecules to pass, but larger proteins are retained within the animal. From the bottom of the protonephridium the solutes are led through the tube, formed by the canal cells, and exits the animal from a small opening formed by the nephridiopore. Selective reabsorption of useful molecules by the canal cells occurs as the solutes pass down the tubule. Protonephridia are generally found in basal organisms such as flatworms. Protonephridia likely first arose as a way to cope with a hypotonic environment by removing excess water from the organism (osmoregulation). Their use as excretory and ionoregulatory structures likely arose secondarily.

text: A protonephridium (proto = "first") is a network of dead-end

text: tubule

text: s lacking internal openings found in the phyla

text: Platyhelminthes

text: Nemertea

text: and

text: Rotifera

text: . The ends are called

text: flame cell

text: s (if ciliated) or

text: solenocyte

text: s (if flagellated); they function in

text: osmoregulation

text: and

text: ionoregulation

text: , respectively. The terminal cells are located at the blind end of the protonephridium. Each cell has one or more

text: cilia

text: and their beating inside the protonephridial tube creates an outward going current and hence a partial

text: pressurization

text: in the blind of the tube. Because of this, pressurization drives

text: waste fluids

text: from the inside of the animal, and they are pulled through small perforations in the terminal cells and into the protonephridium. The perforations in the terminal cell are large enough for small

text: molecule

text: s to pass, but larger

text: protein

text: s are retained within the animal. From the bottom of the protonephridium the solutes are led through the tube, formed by the canal cells, and exits the animal from a small opening formed by the

text: nephridiopore

text: . Selective reabsorption of useful molecules by the canal cells occurs as the solutes pass down the tubule. Protonephridia are generally found in basal organisms such as

text: flatworm

text: s. Protonephridia likely first arose as a way to cope with a hypotonic environment by removing excess water from the organism (

text: osmoregulation

text: ). Their use as excretory and ionoregulatory structures likely arose secondarily.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: protonephridium

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which is not a phyla: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea and Rotifera?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: terminal cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypotonic environment

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removing excess water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: protonephridium

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Selective reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removing excess water from the organism

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: solenocytes

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridiopore

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: solenocytes

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: solutes

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: ionoregulatory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Selective reabsorption of useful molecules

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: larger proteins

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: led through the tube, formed by the canal cells,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Selective reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removing excess water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Selective reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Their use as excretory

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridiopore.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ionoregulation,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubule.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: protonephridium

text: The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is an information dissemination service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health, which is under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

text: The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is an information dissemination service of the

text: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

text: (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the

text: National Institutes of Health

text: , which is under the

text: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the digestive tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: NIDDK

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water and salts

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: NIDDK

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Digestive

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Digestive and Kidney Diseases

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Drugs are excreted from the kidney by glomerular filtration and by active tubular secretion following the same steps and mechanisms as the products of intermediate metabolism. Therefore, drugs that are filtered by the glomerulus are also subject to the process of passive tubular reabsorption.  Glomerular filtration will only remove those drugs or metabolites that are not bound to proteins present in blood plasma (free fraction) and many other types of drugs (such as the organic acids) are actively secreted.  In the proximal and  distal convoluted tubules non-ionised acids and weak bases are reabsorbed both actively and passively. Weak acids are excreted when the tubular fluid becomes too alkaline and this reduces passive reabsorption. The opposite occurs with weak bases. Poisoning treatments use this effect to increase elimination, by alkalizing the urine causing forced diuresis which promotes excretion of a weak acid, rather than it getting reabsorbed. As the acid is ionised, it cannot pass through the plasma membrane back into the blood stream and instead gets excreted with the urine. Acidifying the urine has the same effect for weakly basic drugs.

text: Drugs are excreted from the kidney by

text: glomerular filtration

text: and by active

text: tubular secretion

text: following the same steps and mechanisms as the products of intermediate metabolism. Therefore, drugs that are filtered by the

text: glomerulus

text: are also subject to the process of passive

text: tubular reabsorption

text: .  Glomerular filtration will only remove those drugs or metabolites that are not bound to proteins present in blood plasma (free fraction) and many other types of drugs (such as the organic acids) are actively secreted.  In the

text: proximal

text: and

text: distal convoluted tubule

text: s non-ionised acids and weak bases are reabsorbed both actively and passively. Weak acids are excreted when the tubular fluid becomes too alkaline and this reduces passive reabsorption. The opposite occurs with weak bases. Poisoning treatments use this effect to increase elimination, by alkalizing the urine causing

text: forced diuresis

text: which promotes excretion of a weak acid, rather than it getting reabsorbed. As the acid is

text: ionised

text: , it cannot pass through the

text: plasma membrane

text: back into the blood stream and instead gets excreted with the urine. Acidifying the urine has the same effect for weakly basic drugs.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine excreted from the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: plasma membrane

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why do you need both kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma membrane

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of drug?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted from the kidney by glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system: kidney, glomerulus, or bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Drugs are excreted from the kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Drugs are excreted from the kidney by glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: alkaline

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: intermediate metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Drugs are excreted from the kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: alkaline

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: proximal and distal

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: diuresis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney by glomerular filtration and by active tubular secretion

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomerular filtration and by active tubular secretion

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Drugs are excreted from the kidney by glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Drugs are excreted from the kidney by glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: alkaline

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glomerular filtration and by active tubular secretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: forced diuresis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: alkaline

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: convoluted tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In most cases the barely functioning existing kidneys are not removed, as removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity. Therefore, the kidney is usually placed in a location different from the original kidney, often in the iliac fossa, so it is often necessary to use a different blood supply:

text: In most cases the barely functioning existing kidneys are not removed, as removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity. Therefore, the kidney is usually placed in a location different from the original kidney, often in the

text: iliac fossa

text: , so it is often necessary to use a different blood supply:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: uses a different blood supply

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: functioning

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: iliac

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: iliac

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ileocecal valve

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In most cases the barely functioning existing kidneys are not removed,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: different blood supply:

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: barely functioning existing kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: original kidney,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: In most cases the barely functioning existing kidneys are not removed,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood supply:

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: a different blood supply:

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: a different blood supply:

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: iliac fossa,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Ostrich kidneys are fairly large, and so are able to hold significant amounts of solutes. Hence, ostriches drink relatively large volumes of water daily, and excrete generous quantities of highly concentrated urine. It is when drinking water is unavailable or withdrawn, that the urine becomes highly concentrated with uric acid and urates. It seems that ostriches who normally drink relatively large amounts of water tend to rely on renal conservation of water when drinking water is scarce within the kidney system. Though there have been no official detailed renal studies conducted on the flow rate (Poiseuille's Law) and composition of the ureteral urine in the ostrich, knowledge of renal function has been based on samples of cloacal urine, and samples or quantitative collections of voided urine. Studies have shown that the amount of water intake, and dehydration impacts the plasma osmolality and urine osmolality within various sized ostriches. During a normal hydration state of the kidneys, young ostriches tend to have a measured plasma osmolality of 284 mOsm, and urine osmolality of 62 mOsm. Adults have higher rates with a plasma osmolality of 330 mOsm, and a urine osmolality of 163 mOsm. The osmolality of both plasma and urine can alter in regards to whether there is an excess or depleted amount of water present within the kidneys. An interesting fact of ostriches is that when water is freely available, the urine osmolality can reduce to 60–70 mOsm,  not losing any necessary solutes from the kidneys when excess water is excreted. Dehydrated or salt-loaded ostriches can reach a maximal urine osmolality of approximately 800 mOsm. When the plasma osmolality has been measured simultaneously with the maximal osmotic urine, it is seen that the urine:plasma ratio is 2.6:1, the highest encountered among avian species. Along with dehydration, there is also a reduction in flow rate from 20 L·d to only 0.3–0.5 L·d.

text: Ostrich kidneys are fairly large, and so are able to hold significant amounts of

text: solutes

text: . Hence, ostriches drink relatively large volumes of water daily, and

text: excrete

text: generous quantities of highly concentrated

text: urine

text: . It is when drinking water is unavailable or withdrawn, that the urine becomes highly concentrated with

text: uric acid and urates

text: . It seems that ostriches who normally drink relatively large amounts of water tend to rely on

text: renal conservation

text: of water when drinking water is scarce within the kidney system. Though there have been no official detailed

text: renal studies

text: conducted on the

text: flow rate

text: Poiseuille's Law

text: ) and composition of the ureteral urine in the ostrich, knowledge of

text: renal function

text: has been based on samples of

text: cloacal urine

text: , and samples or quantitative collections of

text: voided urine

text: . Studies have shown that the amount of water intake, and

text: dehydration

text: impacts the

text: plasma osmolality

text: and

text: urine osmolality

text: within various sized ostriches. During a normal hydration state of the kidneys, young ostriches tend to have a measured plasma osmolality of 284

text: mOsm

text: , and urine osmolality of 62 mOsm. Adults have higher rates with a plasma osmolality of 330 mOsm, and a urine osmolality of 163 mOsm. The

text: osmolality

text: of both plasma and urine can alter in regards to whether there is an excess or depleted amount of water present within the kidneys. An interesting fact of ostriches is that when water is freely available, the

text: urine osmolality

text: can reduce to 60–70

text: mOsm

text: ,  not losing any necessary solutes from the kidneys when excess water is excreted. Dehydrated or salt-loaded ostriches can reach a maximal

text: urine osmolality

text: of approximately 800 mOsm. When the plasma osmolality has been measured simultaneously with the maximal osmotic urine, it is seen that the urine:plasma ratio is 2.6:1, the highest encountered among

text: avian species

text: . Along with dehydration, there is also a reduction in

text: flow rate

text: from 20 L·d to only 0.3–0.5 L·d.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Ostrich kidneys are fairly large, and so are able to hold significant amounts of solutes.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmolality

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the maximum urine osmolality?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys help keep blood pressure within a normal range.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The osmolality of both plasma and urine can alter in regards to whether there is an excess or depleted amount of water present within the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drink water

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does an ostrich have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Poiseuille's Law

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: when water is freely available, the urine osmolality can reduce to 60–70 mOsm

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: conserving water when drinking water is scarce

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloacal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urates

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: plasma osmolality

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: highly concentrated urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: ostriches drink relatively large volumes of water daily,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ostriches drink relatively large volumes of water daily,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal conservation of water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the urine becomes highly concentrated with uric acid and urates.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureteral

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureteral

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: salt-loaded

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureteral

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: According to Kidney Research UK, the charity's vision is: "A world free from kidney disease".  Its stated mission is to fund its research into kidney disease, to improve the quality of life of those with the kidney disorders and to increase public awareness of kidney health.

text: According to Kidney Research UK, the charity's vision is: "A world free from kidney disease".  Its stated mission is to fund its research into kidney disease, to improve the quality of life of those with the kidney disorders and to increase public awareness of kidney health.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: improve the quality of life

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: to improve the quality of life

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidney Research UK,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidney Research UK,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: improve the quality of life of those with the kidney disorders

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney Research UK,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidney Research UK,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney Research UK,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidney Research UK,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney disease".

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved InterStim Therapy, by Medtronic, as a sacral nerve stimulator for treatment of urinary incontinence, high urinary frequency and urinary retention.  Sacral nerve stimulation is also under investigation as treatment for other conditions, including constipation brought on by nerve damage due to surgical procedures. An experimental procedure for constipation in children is being conducted in Nationwide Children's Hospital.

text: The U.S.

text: Food and Drug Administration

text: has approved InterStim Therapy, by

text: Medtronic

text: , as a sacral nerve stimulator for treatment of

text: urinary incontinence

text: , high

text: urinary frequency

text: and

text: urinary retention

text: .  Sacral nerve stimulation is also under investigation as treatment for other conditions, including

text: constipation

text: brought on by nerve damage due to surgical procedures. An experimental procedure for constipation in children is being conducted in Nationwide Children's Hospital.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sacral

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: constipation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sacral nerve

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary incontinence

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, incontinence, or constipation?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: sacral

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: InterStim Therapy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: sacral

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary incontinence, high urinary frequency and urinary retention.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sacral nerve

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: sacral nerve stimulator

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: constipation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary incontinence, high urinary frequency and urinary retention.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: constipation brought on by nerve damage due to surgical procedures.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: sacral nerve stimulator

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: constipation brought on by nerve damage due to surgical procedures.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sacral nerve

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary incontinence, high urinary frequency and urinary retention.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: sacral nerve stimulator

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nerve damage due to surgical procedures.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved InterStim Therapy,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: sacral nerve

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: sacral nerve

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: sacral

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sacral nerve stimulator for treatment of urinary incontinence,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: InterStim Therapy,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: sacral nerve

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: sacral

text: Insects have an open circulatory system, so there are no blood vessels found within their ganglia. However, they do have a sheath of perineurial glial cells that envelops the nervous system and exhibit the same tight occluding junctions that are induced by the glia limitans in humans.  These cells act as a barrier and are responsible for establishing permeability gradients.

text: Insect

text: s have an

text: open circulatory system

text: , so there are no blood vessels found within their

text: ganglia

text: . However, they do have a sheath of

text: perineurial glial cells

text: that envelops the nervous system and exhibit the same tight occluding junctions that are induced by the glia limitans in humans.  These cells act as a barrier and are responsible for establishing permeability gradients.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does a ureter do?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: perineurial

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: perineurial

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: perineurium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: perineurial

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glia limitans in humans.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glia limitans

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels found within their ganglia.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood vessels found within their ganglia.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessels found within their ganglia.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: permeability gradients.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Insects have an open circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glia limitans

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glia limitans

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glia limitans

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: perineurial

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glia limitans

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: humans.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glia limitans

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ganglia.

text: Miske fought his last bout against Bill Brennan, whom he met on November 7, 1923.  At this point in his life, Miske knew he didn't have much time left before his kidneys gave out (doctors had told him he had only months to live because of his Bright's Disease). Due to his family's economic situation, however, Miske decided he had to step into the ring one more time.  His health prevented him from training for the fight. Amazingly, though, Miske knocked Brennan out in the fourth round. Miske died in St. Paul, Minnesota of kidney failure less than 2 months later on January 1, 1924.

text: Miske fought his last bout against

text: Bill Brennan

text: , whom he met on November 7, 1923.  At this point in his life, Miske knew he didn't have much time left before his kidneys gave out (doctors had told him he had only months to live because of his

text: Bright's Disease

text: ). Due to his family's economic situation, however, Miske decided he had to step into the ring one more time.  His health prevented him from training for the fight. Amazingly, though, Miske knocked Brennan out in the fourth round. Miske died in

text: St. Paul, Minnesota

text: of kidney failure less than 2 months later on January 1, 1924.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How did Miske die?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How would you describe Miske?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Miske have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Bright's Disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What did Miske knock out in the fourth round?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Bright's Disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Bright's Disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Bright's Disease

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Bright's Disease).

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney failure less than 2 months later on January 1, 1924.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Bright's Disease).

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1923.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Bright's Disease).

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Bright's Disease).

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Miske died in St. Paul, Minnesota of kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Bright's Disease).

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Bright's Disease).

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Bright's Disease).

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including  flatworms (except the turbellarian order Acoela), rotifers and nemerteans; these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system. Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials. Bundles of flame cells are called protonephridia.

text: A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater

text: invertebrate

text: s, including

text: flatworm

text: s (except the turbellarian

text: order

text: Acoela),

text: rotifers

text: and

text: nemertea

text: ns; these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated

text: excretory system

text: . Flame cells function like a

text: kidney

text: , removing waste materials. Bundles of flame cells are called

text: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory cell: flatworms, rotifers, or nemerteans?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: bundles of flame cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: waste materials

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removing waste materials

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Acoela

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does a kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: removing waste materials

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a type of cell: flatworms, rotifers or nemerteans?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removing waste materials

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: removing waste materials

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: protonephridia.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Flame cells

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: turbellarian order Acoela),

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: turbellarian order Acoela),

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Flame cells

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: protonephridia.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Flame cells

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Flame cells

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: flame cell

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: Used in health care, an ADT system is usually the foundation for other types of health care information systems because it holds valuable patient information such as a medical record number, age, name, and contact information. Using the ADT system, patient information can be shared, when appropriate, with other health care facilities and systems (McGonigle, D., & Mastrain, K., 2012). ADT systems can also be used as an alert system upon a patient's admission (Pittet, D., Safran, E., et al., 1996). This can be helpful if a patient has had a history of an infectious disease or heart ailments. When admitted, the ADT system may alert the admitting staff that the patient needs to be in an isolation room or on a cardiac floor, for example.

text: Used in health care, an ADT system is usually the foundation for other types of

text: health care information systems

text: because it holds valuable patient information such as a

text: medical record

text: number, age, name, and contact information. Using the ADT system, patient information can be shared,

text: when appropriate

text: , with other health care facilities and systems (McGonigle, D., & Mastrain, K., 2012). ADT systems can also be used as an alert system upon a patient's admission (Pittet, D., Safran, E., et al., 1996). This can be helpful if a patient has had a

text: history

text: of an infectious disease or heart ailments. When admitted, the ADT system may alert the admitting staff that the patient needs to be in an

text: isolation room

text: or on a cardiac floor, for example.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: ADT system may alert the admitting staff

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the ADT system?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does the ADT system alert the admitting staff about?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: heart ailments.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ADT systems

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ADT

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: ADT systems

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Using the ADT system,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: medical record number, age, name, and contact information.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Using the ADT system,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a medical record number, age, name, and contact information.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 2012).

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Using the ADT system,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ADT system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ADT

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cardiac

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ADT

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: heart

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: cardiac floor,

text: In 2015, Marks published a new theoretical explanation of obesity based on the concept of homeostasis, a property of all living things (Marks, 2015). Physiological homeostasis maintains equilibrium at set-points using feedback loops for optimum functioning of the organism. Long-term imbalances in homeostasis arise though genetic, environmental or biopsychosocial mechanisms causing illness and/or loss of well-being. Psychological homeostasis works in a similar fashion to maintain stability in emotion and behaviour. However, rapid environmental and economic changes generate challenging conditions for the human organism.  Over-consumption of high-caloric, low-nutrient foods, combined with stressful living and working conditions, have caused imbalances in homeostasis, overweight and obesity in more than two billion people.

text: In 2015, Marks published a new theoretical explanation of

text: obesity

text: based on the concept of

text: homeostasis

text: , a property of all living things (Marks, 2015). Physiological homeostasis maintains equilibrium at set-points using feedback loops for optimum functioning of the organism. Long-term imbalances in homeostasis arise though genetic, environmental or biopsychosocial mechanisms causing illness and/or loss of well-being. Psychological homeostasis works in a similar fashion to maintain stability in emotion and behaviour. However, rapid environmental and economic changes generate challenging conditions for the human organism.  Over-consumption of high-caloric, low-nutrient foods, combined with stressful living and working conditions, have caused imbalances in homeostasis, overweight and

text: obesity

text: in more than two billion people.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a feedback loop?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How does homeostasis work?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintains equilibrium at set-points

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: feedback loop

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, ureters, or urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Physiological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Physiological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: equilibrium at set-points

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Physiological homeostasis maintains equilibrium at set-points

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two billion people.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Physiological homeostasis maintains equilibrium at set-points

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: genetic, environmental or biopsychosocial mechanisms

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Physiological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Physiological homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: feedback loops

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feedback loops

text: A few minutes after ingestion, strychnine is excreted unchanged in the urine, and accounts for about 5 to 15% of a sublethal dose given over 6 hours. Approximately 10 to 20% of the dose will be excreted unchanged in the urine in the first 24 hours. The percentage excreted decreases with the increasing dose. Of the amount excreted by the kidneys, about 70% is excreted in the first 6 hours, and almost 90% in the first 24 hours. Excretion is virtually complete in 48 to 72 hours.

text: A few minutes after ingestion, strychnine is excreted unchanged in the urine, and accounts for about 5 to 15% of a sublethal dose given over 6 hours. Approximately 10 to 20% of the dose will be excreted unchanged in the urine in the first 24 hours. The percentage excreted decreases with the increasing dose. Of the amount excreted by the kidneys, about 70% is excreted in the first 6 hours, and almost 90% in the first 24 hours. Excretion is virtually complete in 48 to 72 hours.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excreted by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted unchanged in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion is virtually complete

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidneys, or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: strychnine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 70% is excreted in the first 6 hours,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ingestion,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 70%

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 70% is excreted in the first 6 hours,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 48 to 72 hours.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted unchanged in the urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 90% in the first 24 hours.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 90% in the first 24 hours.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 70%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 90% in the first 24 hours.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 90% in the first 24 hours.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The percentage excreted decreases with the increasing dose.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 90% in the first 24 hours.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: strychnine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: The sheen on some jelly-like gelatinous lichens is from mucusy excretions.

text: The sheen on some jelly-like gelatinous lichens is from

text: mucusy

text: excretions.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: mucus excretions

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: jelly-like gelatinous lichens

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The sheen on some jelly-like gelatinous lichens

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mucusy

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: mucusy excretions.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mucusy

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: mucusy excretions.

text: Infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused when sialic acid, a kind of charged sugar, is unable to be transported out of the lysosomal membrane and instead, accumulates in the tissue and free sialic acid is excreted in the urine. Mutations in the SLC17A5 (solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 50) gene cause all forms of sialic acid storage disease.  The SLC17A5 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 6 between positions 14 and 15. This gene provides instructions for producing a protein called sialin that is located mainly on the membranes of lysosomes, compartments in the cell that digest and recycle materials.

text: Infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) is a

text: lysosomal storage disease

text: caused when sialic acid, a kind of charged sugar, is unable to be transported out of the lysosomal membrane and instead, accumulates in the tissue and free sialic acid is excreted in the urine. Mutations in the SLC17A5 (solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 50) gene cause all forms of sialic acid storage disease.  The SLC17A5 gene is located on the long (q) arm of

text: chromosome 6

text: between positions 14 and 15. This gene provides instructions for producing a protein called sialin that is located mainly on the membranes of lysosomes, compartments in the cell that digest and recycle materials.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: SLC17A5 gene is located where?

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Membrane

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How is sialic acid excreted?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, sialic acid, or lysosome?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: lysosome

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: lysosomal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sialic acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lysosomes,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine. Mutations in the SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine. Mutations in the SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Infantile free sialic acid storage disease

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 50)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: lysosomes,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine. Mutations in the SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: lysosomes,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: free sialic acid is excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: lysosomes,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: lysosomal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sialin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Infantile free sialic acid storage disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: SLC17A5

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: De-oxygenated haemolymph drains into a large venous sinus within the head and foot, which contains the nephridium, an excretory organ with a function similar to that of the vertebrate kidney. From here it passes into vessels within the gill, or into the capillary network of the pulmonate lung, before returning to the heart.

text: De-oxygenated haemolymph drains into a large venous sinus within the head and foot, which contains the

text: nephridium

text: , an excretory organ with a function similar to that of the vertebrate

text: kidney

text: . From here it passes into vessels within the gill, or into the capillary network of the

text: pulmonate

text: lung, before returning to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: lungs are part of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: venous sinus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: drains into a large venous sinus within the head and foot

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vertebrate kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: venous sinus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: capillary

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: venous filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridium

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pulmonate lung, before returning to the heart.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: venous sinus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: De-oxygenated haemolymph drains

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: vertebrate kidney.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pulmonate lung,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: vertebrate kidney.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: De-oxygenated

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: vertebrate kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridium,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridium,

text: At this time the surgical team will perform testing to determine if the anesthesia has taken effect. Upon satisfactory finding(s), a suprapubic catheter (with drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder (to create urinary diversion during the procedure), and the chosen procedure will then be initiated.

text: At this time the surgical team will perform testing to determine if the anesthesia has taken effect. Upon satisfactory finding(s), a suprapubic catheter (with drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder (to create urinary diversion during the procedure), and the chosen procedure will then be initiated.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the urinary bladder?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: suprapubic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Which of the following is not a type of nephron?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: drainage system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary diversion during the procedure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: drainage system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: suprapubic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: (to create urinary diversion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: anesthesia

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: finding(s),

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: suprapubic catheter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: suprapubic catheter

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary diversion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary diversion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the chosen procedure will then be initiated.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: drainage system) will be inserted into the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: drainage

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: suprapubic catheter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: The urinary system refers to the structures that produce and conduct urine to the point of excretion. The human body normally has two paired kidneys, one on the left and one on the right. Urine is formed by nephrons, the functional unit of the kidney, and then flows through a system of converging tubules called collecting ducts. The collecting ducts join together to form minor calyces, then major calyces, which ultimately join the pelvis of the kidney (renal pelvis). Urine flows from the renal pelvis into the ureter, a tube-like structure that carries the urine from the kidneys into the bladder.

text: The urinary system refers to the structures that produce and conduct

text: urine

text: to the point of excretion. The human body normally has two paired

text: kidney

text: s, one on the left and one on the right. Urine is formed by

text: nephron

text: s, the functional unit of the kidney, and then flows through a system of converging tubules called

text: collecting ducts

text: . The collecting ducts join together to form

text: minor calyces

text: , then

text: major calyces

text: , which ultimately join the

text: pelvis

text: of the kidney (renal pelvis). Urine flows from the renal pelvis into the

text: ureter

text: , a tube-like structure that carries the urine from the kidneys into the

text: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a collection duct?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting ducts

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal pelvis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: produce and conduct urine to the point of excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: minor calyces

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting ducts.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: collecting ducts.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine to the point of excretion.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: one on the left and one on the right.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine to the point of excretion.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting ducts.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two paired kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting ducts.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: collecting ducts.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urine flows from the renal pelvis into the ureter,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: collecting ducts.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: two paired kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephrons,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The urinary system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: When the glucose concentration in the blood remains high over time, the kidneys will reach a threshold of reabsorption, and glucose will be excreted in the urine (glycosuria).  This increases the osmotic pressure of the urine and inhibits reabsorption of water by the kidney, resulting in increased urine production (polyuria) and increased fluid loss. Lost blood volume will be replaced osmotically from water held in body cells and other body compartments, causing dehydration and increased thirst (polydipsia).

text: When the glucose concentration in the blood remains high over time, the

text: kidneys

text: will reach a threshold of

text: reabsorption

text: , and glucose will be excreted in the

text: urine

text: glycosuria

text: ).  This increases the

text: osmotic pressure

text: of the urine and inhibits reabsorption of water by the kidney, resulting in increased urine production (

text: polyuria

text: ) and increased fluid loss. Lost blood volume will be replaced osmotically from water held in body cells and other body compartments, causing

text: dehydration

text: and increased thirst (

text: polydipsia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: sweat glands in the skin or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney: kidneys, ureter, or waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: inhibits reabsorption of water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: inhibited reabsorption of water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glycosuria

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polyuria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: polyuria

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: glucose will be excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine production

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: glucose concentration in the blood

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorption of water by the kidney,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidneys will reach a threshold of reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: glucose concentration in the blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the kidneys will reach a threshold of reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorption of water

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: reabsorption of water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the kidneys will reach a threshold of reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine production

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the kidneys will reach a threshold of reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: reabsorption,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (glycosuria).

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (polydipsia).

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: osmotic pressure

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that are now being found to be related.  As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause despite the widely varying set of medical symptoms that are clinically visible in the disorders.  Exencephaly is one such  disease that has recently been identified as part of an emerging class of diseases called cilopathies.  The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary cilia structures of the cell, organelles which are present in many cellular types throughout the human body.  The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often multi-symptom nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases.  Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alström syndrome, Meckel–Gruber syndrome and some forms of retinal degeneration.

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many

text: genetic disorder

text: s, both

text: genetic syndromes

text: and

text: genetic diseases

text: , that are now being found to be related.  As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their

text: root cause

text: despite the widely varying set of medical

text: symptoms

text: that are clinically visible in the

text: disorders

text: .  Exencephaly is one such  disease that has recently been identified as part of an

text: emerging

text: class of diseases called

text: cilopathies

text: .  The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary

text: cilia

text: structures of the

text: cell

text: organelle

text: s which are present in many cellular types throughout the

text: human

text: body.  The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often

text: multi-symptom

text: nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases.  Known ciliopathies include

text: primary ciliary dyskinesia

text: Bardet–Biedl syndrome

text: polycystic kidney

text: and

text: liver disease

text: nephronophthisis

text: Alström syndrome

text: Meckel–Gruber syndrome

text: and some forms of

text: retinal degeneration

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cilia structures of the cell

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Meckel–Gruber syndrome

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephro

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cellular types throughout the human body.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Exencephaly

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: retinal degeneration.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "numerous

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephronophthisis,

text: The body is very sensitive to its pH. Outside the range of pH that is compatible with life, proteins are denatured and digested, enzymes lose their ability to function, and the body is unable to sustain itself. The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis by regulating the pH of the blood plasma. Gains and losses of acid and base must be balanced. Acids are divided into "volatile acids" and "nonvolatile acids". See also titratable acid.

text: The body is very sensitive to its

text: pH

text: . Outside the range of pH that is compatible with life, proteins are denatured and digested, enzymes lose their ability to function, and the body is unable to sustain itself. The kidneys maintain

text: acid-base homeostasis

text: by regulating the pH of the

text: blood plasma

text: . Gains and losses of acid and base must be balanced. Acids are divided into "volatile acids" and "nonvolatile acids". See also

text: titratable acid

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain acid-base homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: lose weight

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: by regulating the pH

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: regulating the pH of the blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood plasma.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acid-base homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulating the pH of the blood plasma.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulating the pH of the blood plasma.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: enzymes lose their ability to function,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unable to sustain itself.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: The kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood plasma.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: In the United Kingdom, the UK National Kidney Federation and British Kidney Patient Association (BKPA) represents patients, and the Renal Association represents renal physicians and works closely with the National Service Framework for kidney disease.

text: In the United Kingdom, the

text: UK National Kidney Federation

text: and British Kidney Patient Association (BKPA) represents patients, and the

text: Renal Association

text: represents renal physicians and works closely with the

text: National Service Framework

text: for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal Association represents renal physicians

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the Renal Association

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys work

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Renal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal physicians

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: patients, and the Renal Association represents renal physicians

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: UK National Kidney Federation

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In the United Kingdom,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: UK National Kidney Federation

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: UK National Kidney Federation

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: National Service Framework for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal physicians

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal physicians and works closely with the National Service Framework for kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal physicians

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Excretion is performed mainly by two small kidneys. In diapsids, uric acid is the main nitrogenous waste product; turtles, like mammals, excrete mainly urea. Unlike the kidneys of mammals and birds, reptile kidneys are unable to produce liquid urine more concentrated than their body fluid. This is because they lack a specialized structure called a loop of Henle, which is present in the nephrons of birds and mammals. Because of this, many reptiles use the colon to aid in the reabsorption of water. Some are also able to take up water stored in the bladder. Excess salts are also excreted by nasal and lingual salt glands in some reptiles.

text: Excretion

text: is performed mainly by two small

text: kidney

text: s. In diapsids,

text: uric acid

text: is the main

text: nitrogen

text: ous waste product; turtles, like

text: mammal

text: s, excrete mainly

text: urea

text: . Unlike the kidneys of mammals and birds, reptile kidneys are unable to produce liquid urine more concentrated than their body fluid. This is because they lack a specialized structure called a

text: loop of Henle

text: , which is present in the

text: nephron

text: s of birds and mammals. Because of this, many reptiles use the

text: colon

text: to aid in the

text: reabsorption

text: of water. Some are also able to take up water stored in the

text: bladder

text: . Excess salts are also excreted by nasal and lingual

text: salt gland

text: s in some reptiles.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main nitrogenous waste product in diapsids

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete uric acid

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nasal

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the colon

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete mainly urea

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid is the main nitrogenous waste product

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Henle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Henle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nasal and lingual salt glands

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: two small kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: two small kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: reptile kidneys are unable to produce liquid urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Excretion is performed mainly by two small kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine more concentrated than their body fluid.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: reptile kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Excretion is performed mainly by two small kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nasal and lingual salt glands

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two small kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: two small kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: many reptiles use the colon

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: body fluid.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unable to produce liquid urine more concentrated than their body fluid.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: reptile kidneys are unable to produce liquid urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: reptile kidneys

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: a loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: a loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: loop of Henle,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Nordazepam is a partial agonist at the GABA receptor, which makes it less potent than other benzodiazepines, particularly in its amnesic and muscle-relaxing effects. Its elimination half life is between 36 and 200 hours, with wide variation among individuals; factors such as age and gender are known to impact it. The variation of reported half-lifes are attributed to differences in nordazepam metabolism and that of its metabolites as nordazepam is hydroxylated to active metabolites such as oxazepam, before finally being glucuronidated and excreted in the urine. This can be attributed to extremely variable hepatic and renal metabolic functions among individuals depending upon a number of factors (including age, ethnicity, disease, and current or previous use/abuse of other drugs/medicines).

text: Nordazepam is a

text: partial agonist

text: at the

text: GABA receptor

text: , which makes it less potent than other benzodiazepines, particularly in its amnesic and muscle-relaxing effects. Its

text: elimination half life

text: is between 36 and 200 hours, with wide variation among individuals; factors such as age and gender are known to impact it. The variation of reported half-lifes are attributed to differences in nordazepam metabolism and that of its metabolites as nordazepam is hydroxylated to active metabolites such as oxazepam, before finally being glucuronidated and excreted in the urine. This can be attributed to extremely variable hepatic and renal metabolic functions among individuals depending upon a number of factors (including age, ethnicity, disease, and current or previous use/abuse of other drugs/medicines).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs are excreted in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is excreted in the urine?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How is Nordazepam metabolized?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete in the urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: extremely variable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is excreted in the urine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronidated

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glucuronidated

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glucuronidated

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hepatic

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 36 and 200 hours,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hepatic and renal metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Nordazepam

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: extremely variable hepatic and renal metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: extremely variable hepatic and renal metabolic functions

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Nordazepam

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glucuronidated

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronidated

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glucuronidated

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: By the start of 1893 it had become apparent that something was seriously wrong with Short's health. Doctors determined that he was suffering from one of the kidney diseases that then went under the now obsolete classification of Bright's disease. These diseases would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. Short's symptoms would have included high blood pressure and urine of a dark or bloody color. Edema, then called "dropsy", would have contributed to a slight puffiness in his face, as well as the accumulation of fluids in his lower legs that would have made it difficult for Short to stand for prolonged periods of time. Short was in Fort Worth when a Kansas newspaper reported that he was "lying at death's door."  Short and a number of friends, and with Hattie beside him, took the north-bound Santa Fe train for Geuda Springs, Kansas. The place offered a change of climate as well as the "medicinal qualities of the famous waters, which, it was hoped, would "prolong his life."   It did not have the desired effect.

text: By the start of 1893 it had become apparent that something was seriously wrong with Short's health. Doctors determined that he was suffering from one of the kidney diseases that then went under the now obsolete classification of

text: Bright's disease

text: . These diseases would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. Short's symptoms would have included high blood pressure and urine of a dark or bloody color. Edema, then called "dropsy", would have contributed to a slight puffiness in his face, as well as the accumulation of fluids in his lower legs that would have made it difficult for Short to stand for prolonged periods of time. Short was in Fort Worth when a Kansas newspaper reported that he was "lying at death's door."  Short and a number of friends, and with Hattie beside him, took the north-bound Santa Fe train for Geuda Springs, Kansas. The place offered a change of climate as well as the "medicinal qualities of the famous waters, which, it was hoped, would "prolong his life."   It did not have the desired effect.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney through a ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What color was Short's urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day does the kidney filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney disease: acute or chronic nephritis?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Short have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system: bladder, kidney, or nephritis?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephritis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: modern medicine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine of a dark or bloody color.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: high blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: one of the kidney diseases

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood pressure

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephritis.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Edema,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Geuda Springs, Kansas.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney diseases

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: "medicinal qualities of the famous waters,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic nephritis.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine of a dark or bloody color.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: acute or chronic nephritis.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephritis.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephritis.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephritis.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In the physiology of the kidney, tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is a feedback system inside the kidneys. Within each nephron, information from the renal tubules (a downstream area of the tubular fluid) is signaled to the glomerulus (an upstream area). Tubuloglomerular feedback is one of several mechanisms the kidney uses to regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It involves the concept of purinergic signaling, in which an increased distal tubular sodium chloride concentration causes a basolateral release of adenosine from the macula densa cells. This initiates a cascade of events that ultimately brings GFR to an appropriate level.

text: In the

text: physiology of the kidney

text: , tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is a

text: feedback

text: system inside the

text: kidney

text: s. Within each

text: nephron

text: , information from the

text: renal tubule

text: s (a downstream area of the

text: tubular fluid

text: ) is signaled to the

text: glomerulus

text: (an upstream area). Tubuloglomerular feedback is one of several mechanisms the kidney uses to regulate

text: glomerular filtration rate

text: (GFR). It involves the concept of

text: purinergic signaling

text: , in which an increased distal tubular

text: sodium chloride

text: concentration causes a basolateral release of

text: adenosine

text: from the

text: macula densa

text: cells. This initiates a cascade of events that ultimately brings GFR to an appropriate level.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the following organs:

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a nephron?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a feedback system inside the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: each nephron

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is one of several mechanisms the kidney uses to regulate glomerular filtration rate?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, nephron, or glomerulus?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulate glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: each nephron,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney, tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: each nephron,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium chloride

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephron,

text: The main nitrogenous waste product is ammonia. Starfish have no distinct excretory organs; waste ammonia is removed by diffusion through the tube feet and papulae. The body fluid contains phagocytic cells, coelomocytes, which are also found within the hemal and water vascular systems. These cells engulf waste material, and eventually migrate to the tips of the papulae, where a portion of body wall is nipped off and ejected into the surrounding water. Some waste may also be excreted by the pyloric glands and voided with the faeces.

text: The main nitrogenous waste product is

text: ammonia

text: . Starfish have no distinct excretory organs; waste ammonia is removed by diffusion through the tube feet and papulae. The body fluid contains

text: phagocytic

text: cells, coelomocytes, which are also found within the hemal and water vascular systems. These cells engulf waste material, and eventually migrate to the tips of the papulae, where a portion of body wall is nipped off and ejected into the surrounding water. Some waste may also be excreted by the pyloric glands and voided with the

text: faeces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: starfish or kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Starfish

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: venous system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water vascular system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted with the faeces

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: engulf waste material

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the main nitrogenous waste product?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: coelomocyte

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: phagocytic cells, coelomocytes,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: papulae,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: phagocytic cells, coelomocytes,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Starfish

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Starfish have no distinct excretory organs;

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogenous waste product is ammonia.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The main nitrogenous waste product is ammonia.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Starfish have no distinct excretory organs;

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: faeces.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Starfish

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no distinct excretory organs;

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hemal and water vascular systems.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The main nitrogenous waste product is ammonia.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: diffusion through the tube feet and papulae.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: ammonia.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: ejected into the surrounding water.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Starfish

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The main nitrogenous waste product is ammonia.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ammonia.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: coelomocytes,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: pyloric glands

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: pyloric glands

text: Nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system are described by Neusser et al. (2011) in detail.

text: Nervous system

text: digestive system

text: circulatory system

text: excretory system

text: and

text: reproductive system

text: are described by Neusser et al. (2011) in detail.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion are in the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the process of urination?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: four

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Neusser et al. (2011)

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Neusser et al. (2011)

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system and reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretory system and reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory system and reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory system and reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system and reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excretory system and reproductive system

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: There are a variety of methods used to detect prey. Sensory systems used include the visual system, olfactory system (smell), auditory system (hearing) and the somatosensory system (such as touch). Some predators may use all of these senses in pinpointing their prey, while others may depend mainly or entirely on a single one. Detection methods may also be divided into direct detection of the prey organism itself, and indirect clues, such as the smell of its urine.

text: There are a variety of methods used to detect prey. Sensory systems used include the

text: visual system

text: olfactory system

text: (smell),

text: auditory system

text: (hearing) and the

text: somatosensory system

text: (such as touch). Some predators may use all of these senses in pinpointing their prey, while others may depend mainly or entirely on a single one. Detection methods may also be divided into direct detection of the prey organism itself, and indirect clues, such as the smell of its urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: somatosensory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a sensory system used to detect prey?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: auditory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a variety

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the smell of its urine?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: indirect clues

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Prey

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: olfactory

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: somatosensory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: indirect clues, such as the smell of its urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: prey organism

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a single one.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: There are a variety of methods used to detect prey.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smell of its urine.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: smell of its urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: smell of its urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: smell of its urine.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: somatosensory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: olfactory system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: prey organism

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: smell of its urine.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: olfactory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: The controlling council consists of the patient Associations of hospital renal units. As its members are not healthcare professionals, its role is restricted to campaigning for improvements to renal provision and treatment, and national patient support services. It works closely with the All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group (APPKG) whose stated purpose is: "To improve understanding in Parliament of kidney disease and transplant medicine and promote improvements in the health and care services that are available to improve the health of people with renal failure.

text: The controlling council consists of the patient Associations of hospital renal units. As its members are not healthcare professionals, its role is restricted to campaigning for improvements to renal provision and treatment, and national patient support services. It works closely with the All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group (APPKG) whose stated purpose is: "To improve understanding in Parliament of kidney disease and transplant medicine and promote improvements in the health and care services that are available to improve the health of people with

text: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion do not include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: improve understanding in Parliament

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: improve the health of people with renal failure

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: transplant medicine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: patient Associations of hospital renal units.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The controlling council consists of the patient Associations of hospital renal units.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The controlling council consists of the patient Associations of hospital renal units.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renal failure.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treatment,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The controlling council consists of the patient Associations of hospital renal units.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The controlling council consists of the patient Associations of hospital renal units.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal failure.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: transplant medicine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: transplant

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal units.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) is a national surveillance system maintained by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The WBDOSS receives data about waterborne disease outbreaks and single cases of waterborne diseases of public health importance (for example, Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)) in the United States and then disseminates information about these diseases, outbreaks, and their causes. WBDOSS was initiated in 1971 by CDC, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Data are reported by public health departments in individual states, territories, and the Freely Associated States (composed of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau; formerly parts of the U.S.-administered Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands).  Although initially designed to collect data about drinking water outbreaks in the United States, WBDOSS now includes outbreaks associated with recreational water,  as well as outbreaks associated with water that is not intended for drinking (non-recreational) and water for which the intended use is unknown.

text: The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) is a national surveillance system maintained by the U.S.

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

text: . The WBDOSS receives data about

entity_name: Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Reporting System

entity_section: Definition of a Waterborne Disease Outbreak

text: waterborne disease outbreaks

text: and single cases of waterborne diseases of public health importance (for example,

text: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

text: ) in the United States and then disseminates information about these diseases, outbreaks, and their causes. WBDOSS was initiated in 1971 by CDC, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE), and the

entity_name: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

text: . Data are reported by public health departments in individual states, territories, and the Freely Associated States (composed of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau; formerly parts of the U.S.-administered Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands).  Although initially designed to collect data about drinking water outbreaks in the United States, WBDOSS now includes outbreaks associated with recreational water,  as well as outbreaks associated with water that is not intended for drinking (non-recreational) and water for which the intended use is unknown.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: WBDOSS receives data about waterborne diseases of public health importance

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water for which the intended use is unknown

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: WBDOSS

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: PAM

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: recreational water,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: water that is not intended for drinking

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1971

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: recreational water,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Waterborne

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Meningoencephalitis

text: Laboratory tests are generally conducted when the patient presents with signs and symptoms that may be characteristic of kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer, due to its asymptomatic nature and are generally found incidentally during tests for other illnesses such as gallbladder disease.  In other words, these cancers are not detected usually because they do not cause pain or discomfort when they are discovered. Laboratory analysis can provide an assessment on the overall health of the patient and can provide information in determining the staging and degree of metastasis to other parts of the body (if a renal lesion has been identified) before treatment is given.

text: Laboratory tests are generally conducted when the patient presents with signs and symptoms that may be characteristic of kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer, due to its

text: asymptomatic

text: nature and are generally found incidentally during tests for other illnesses such as

text: gallbladder

text: disease.  In other words, these cancers are not detected usually because they do not cause pain or discomfort when they are discovered. Laboratory analysis can provide an assessment on the overall health of the patient and can provide information in determining the staging and degree of

text: metastasis

text: to other parts of the body (if a renal

text: lesion

text: has been identified) before treatment is given.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney impairment

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal lesion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: provide information in determining the staging and degree of metastasis to other parts of the body

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: gallbladder disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: laboratory tests

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney impairment.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: asymptomatic nature

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney impairment.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney impairment.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal lesion

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: gallbladder disease.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney impairment. They are not primarily used to diagnose kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney impairment.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: asymptomatic nature

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney cancer,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal lesion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: renal lesion

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Laboratory tests

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: gallbladder

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Named after the allantois (an amniote embryonic excretory organ in which it concentrates during development in most mammals except humans and other higher apes), it is a product of oxidation of uric acid by purine catabolism. After birth, it is the predominant means by which nitrogenous waste is excreted in the urine of these animals. In humans and other higher apes, the metabolic pathway for conversion of uric acid to allantoin is not present, so the former is excreted. Recombinant rasburicase is sometimes used as a drug to catalyze this metabolic conversion in patients. In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into ammonia) before excretion.

text: Named after the

text: allantois

text: (an

text: amniote

text: embryonic excretory organ in which it concentrates during development in most

text: mammal

text: s except humans and other higher apes), it is a product of oxidation of

text: uric acid

text: by

text: purine

text: catabolism

text: . After birth, it is the predominant means by which

text: nitrogenous waste

text: is excreted in the

text: urine

text: of these animals. In humans and other higher apes, the metabolic pathway for conversion of

text: uric acid

text: to allantoin is not present, so the former is excreted. Recombinant

text: rasburicase

text: is sometimes used as a drug to catalyze this metabolic conversion in patients. In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into

text: ammonia

text: ) before excretion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: the large intestine, the sweat glands in the skin, or the allantois?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine of these animals

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do humans have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uric acid to allantoin

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: allantoin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nitrogenous waste is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nitrogenous waste is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: humans and other higher apes),

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nitrogenous waste is excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nitrogenous waste is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: humans and other higher apes),

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: humans and other higher apes),

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nitrogenous waste is excreted

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: purine catabolism.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nitrogenous waste is excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: humans and other higher apes),

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Recombinant rasburicase

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: allantois

text: After topical application, crotamiton is absorbed systemically. It has an elimination half-life of 30.9 hours and 4.8-8.8% is excreted in the urine.

text: After topical application, crotamiton is absorbed systemically. It has an elimination half-life of 30.9 hours and 4.8-8.8% is excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, crotamiton, or system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 4.8-8.8%

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: 4.8-8.8% is excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: crotamiton

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 4.8-8.8%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 4.8-8.8% is excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: systemically.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 4.8-8.8% is excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 4.8-8.8% is excreted in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: crotamiton

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: crotamiton

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: The kidneys regulate the serum magnesium. About 2400 mg of magnesium passes through the kidneys daily, of which 5% (120 mg) is excreted through urine. The loop of Henle is the major site for magnesium homeostasis, and 60% is reabsorbed.

text: The

text: kidney

text: s regulate the serum magnesium. About 2400 mg of magnesium passes through the kidneys daily, of which 5% (120 mg) is excreted through

text: urine

text: . The

text: loop of Henle

text: is the major site for magnesium homeostasis, and 60% is reabsorbed.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney: kidney, ureter, or wastes?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: magnesium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: about 2400

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: loop

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not regulate the serum magnesium?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the serum magnesium

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Henle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Henle

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Henle

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Henle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidneys regulate the serum magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 5% (120 mg) is excreted through urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: serum magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: reabsorbed.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys regulate the serum magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: The kidneys regulate the serum magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 2400 mg of magnesium passes through the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys regulate the serum magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidneys regulate the serum magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: The loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 60%

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the serum magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: magnesium.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: The loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The loop of Henle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: On June 11, 2007, the plaintiffs presented their first argument, in which they contended that Michelle Cedillo, as well as other children with autism, suffered from a "mercury efflux disorder" which was described by Aposhian, their first expert witness, as "a problem with getting a metal, in this case mercury, out of a cell." As evidence that such disorders have been documented before, he pointed to Wilson's disease. Aposhian based this claim, in part, on three peer-reviewed papers. The first such study was co-authored by Boyd Haley, and concluded that hair of children with autism contained less mercury than that of children without autism. Aposhian stated that "we know that the hair is an excretory organ and that the hair is reflective of the mercury or the metal in the blood, and the blood is a reflection of the mercury in the tissues, and so the fact that the children with autism had less mercury in their hair was a hint or indication that perhaps there was mercury efflux disorder." The second of these studies was conducted by James B. Adams, and found that baby teeth of children with autism had more than twice as much mercury as those of children without autism. Aposhian cited this study as evidence that "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury." Another study which Aposhian used to back up this statement was one conducted by Jeff Bradstreet and Mark Geier, which gave dimercaptosuccinic acid, a chelating agent, to children and concluded that children with autism excreted much more mercury thereafter than children without autism.  Aposhian also cited a number of in vitro studies as evidence that thimerosal could cause immune system dysregulation.

text: On June 11, 2007, the plaintiffs presented their first argument, in which they contended that Michelle Cedillo, as well as other children with autism, suffered from a "mercury efflux disorder" which was described by Aposhian, their first expert witness, as "a problem with getting a metal, in this case mercury, out of a cell." As evidence that such disorders have been documented before, he pointed to

text: Wilson's disease

text: . Aposhian based this claim, in part, on three peer-reviewed papers. The first such study was co-authored by

text: Boyd Haley

text: , and concluded that hair of children with autism contained less mercury than that of children without autism. Aposhian stated that "we know that the hair is an excretory organ and that the hair is reflective of the mercury or the metal in the blood, and the blood is a reflection of the mercury in the tissues, and so the fact that the children with autism had less mercury in their hair was a hint or indication that perhaps there was mercury efflux disorder." The second of these studies was conducted by

text: James B. Adams

text: , and found that baby teeth of children with autism had more than twice as much mercury as those of children without autism. Aposhian cited this study as evidence that "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury." Another study which Aposhian used to back up this statement was one conducted by

text: Jeff Bradstreet

text: and

text: Mark Geier

text: , which gave

text: dimercaptosuccinic acid

text: , a chelating agent, to children and concluded that children with autism excreted much more mercury thereafter than children without autism.  Aposhian also cited a number of

text: in vitro

text: studies as evidence that thimerosal could cause immune system dysregulation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: hair is an excretory organ

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: the hair or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is the hair an excretory organ?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hair

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hair

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted much more mercury thereafter than children without autism

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hair

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hair

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hair

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: thimerosal

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: thimerosal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: hair

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury."

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: baby teeth of children with autism had more than twice as much mercury

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hair is an excretory organ

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury."

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: baby teeth

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: children with autism excreted much more mercury

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: in vitro

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: getting a metal, in this case mercury, out of a cell."

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: three peer-reviewed papers.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury."

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: chelating agent,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: twice

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: chelating agent,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: chelating agent,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Adams,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury."

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: thimerosal

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: a chelating agent,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chelating agent,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury."

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: "autistic children have a greater body burden of mercury."

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hair is an excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: chelating

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: baby teeth

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: thimerosal

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: thimerosal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: baby teeth

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: hair

text: Sarcoptic mites as adults are microscopic, nearly circular in outline, and their legs are short, adapted for burrowing. The females, after mating with males on the surface of their host's skin, burrow into the living layers of the epidermis (mainly the stratum spinosum). They make tunnels horizontal to the surface of the skin. Here, eggs are laid and development of larvae and nymphs occurs. The mites have low mobility and transmission between hosts occurs only during close contact. The feeding of the mites and their excretory products irritates and inflames the skin, causing intense pruritus. Dermal hypersensitivity reactions develop in the host. Chronic infestations lead to thickening of the skin by overproduction of epidermal cells (acanthosis), resulting in a characteristic depilated and scaly appearance. Stress caused by the pruritus can be severe, and will result in 6% to 23% lost productivity of commercially reared pigs. Camels are prone to severe infestation with Sarcoptes.

text: Sarcoptic mites as adults are microscopic, nearly circular in outline, and their legs are short, adapted for burrowing. The females, after mating with males on the surface of their host's skin, burrow into the living layers of the epidermis (mainly the stratum spinosum). They make tunnels horizontal to the surface of the skin. Here, eggs are laid and development of larvae and nymphs occurs. The mites have low mobility and transmission between hosts occurs only during close contact. The feeding of the mites and their excretory products irritates and inflames the skin, causing intense pruritus. Dermal hypersensitivity reactions develop in the host. Chronic infestations lead to thickening of the skin by overproduction of epidermal cells (

text: acanthosis

text: ), resulting in a characteristic depilated and scaly appearance. Stress caused by the pruritus can be severe, and will result in 6% to 23% lost productivity of commercially reared pigs. Camels are prone to severe infestation with Sarcoptes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney through a ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys that helps keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mites

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory product: acanthosis, depilated and scaly appearance?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: acanthosis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: acanthosis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: scrubbing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: stratum spinosum).

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: overproduction of epidermal cells

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: intense pruritus.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: overproduction of epidermal cells

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: epidermis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 6% to 23%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tunnels

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: living layers of the epidermis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Camels are prone to severe infestation with Sarcoptes.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: epidermis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: overproduction of epidermal cells

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory products

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Sarcoptic mites

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: stratum spinosum).

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: (acanthosis),

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: (acanthosis),

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: stratum spinosum).

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: There is no cure for EDS. Treatment is supportive, including close monitoring of the digestive, excretory, and particularly the cardiovascular systems. Physical therapy, bracing, and corrective surgery may help with injuries and pain that tend to develop in certain types of EDS, although extra caution and special practices are advised to prevent permanent damage. EDS is a long term disease.

text: There is no cure for EDS. Treatment is

text: supportive

text: , including close monitoring of the digestive, excretory, and particularly the cardiovascular systems.

text: Physical therapy

text: , bracing, and corrective surgery may help with injuries and pain that tend to develop in certain types of EDS, although extra caution and special practices are advised to prevent permanent damage. EDS is a long term disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cardiovascular systems

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not an organ: digestive, excretory, or cardiovascular?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a system: digestive, excretory, or cardiovascular?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiovascular systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no cure

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not part of the digestive, excretory, and particularly the cardiovascular systems?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a system organ: digestive, excretory, or cardiovascular?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: corrective surgery

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cardiovascular systems.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive, excretory,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: There is no cure for EDS.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cardiovascular systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: cardiovascular systems.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: cardiovascular systems.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: There is no cure for EDS.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive, excretory,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: cardiovascular systems.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: There is no cure for EDS.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cardiovascular systems.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: There is no cure for EDS.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: permanent damage.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: EDS.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cardiovascular systems. Physical therapy, bracing, and corrective surgery

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory,

text: There are two main types of the disease: the localized form (called localized scleroderma, limited scleroderma, or morphea) and the systemic form (called systemic scleroderma, diffuse scleroderma, generalized scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis). Limited scleroderma involves mainly the skin of the hands, arms and face. Diffuse scleroderma is rapidly progressing and affects a large area of the skin and one or more internal organs, frequently the kidneys, esophagus, heart and/or lungs.  This form of scleroderma can be quite disabling. A limited cutaneous subtype of it is called CREST syndrome.

text: There are two main types of the disease: the

text: localized

text: form (called localized scleroderma, limited scleroderma, or

text: morphea

text: ) and the

text: systemic

text: form (called

text: systemic scleroderma

text: , diffuse scleroderma, generalized scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis). Limited scleroderma involves mainly the skin of the hands, arms and face. Diffuse scleroderma is rapidly progressing and affects a large area of the skin and one or more internal organs, frequently the

text: kidney

text: s,

text: esophagus

text: heart

text: and/or

text: lung

text: s.  This form of scleroderma can be quite disabling. A limited

text: cutaneous

text: subtype of it is called

text: CREST syndrome

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Diffuse scleroderma can be quite disabling.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: systemic sclerosis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which organs are affected by diffuse scleroderma?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not an internal organ: kidneys, esophagus, heart and/or lungs

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: morphea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CREST

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: esophagus,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Diffuse scleroderma

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: morphea)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CREST syndrome.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: esophagus,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: The nitrogen compounds through which excess nitrogen is eliminated from organisms are called nitrogenous wastes () or nitrogen wastes. They are ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. All of these substances are produced from protein metabolism. In many animals, the urine is the main route of excretion for such wastes; in some, the feces is.

text: The nitrogen compounds through which excess nitrogen is eliminated from organisms are called nitrogenous wastes () or nitrogen wastes. They are

text: ammonia

text: urea

text: uric acid

text: , and

text: creatinine

text: . All of these substances are produced from

text: protein

text: metabolism. In many animals, the

text: urine

text: is the main route of

text: excretion

text: for such wastes; in some, the

text: feces

text: is.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nitrogenous wastes are produced from protein metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion for such wastes

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: in some animals

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion for such wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: the urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excess nitrogen is eliminated from organisms

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: protein metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the urine is the main route of excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the urine is the main route of excretion for such wastes;

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nitrogenous wastes

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: uric acid, and creatinine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea, uric acid, and creatinine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: uric acid,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Cats living in groups can infect each other with different strains of the virus during visits to a communal litter tray. Some cats are resistant to the virus and can avoid infection or even becoming carriers, while others may become FECV carriers. Carriers may heal spontaneously, but acquired immunity may be short, and they may go on to reinfect, usually within a few weeks, if they are living in a group with healthy, but persistent, excretory carriers. Some cats never heal, and the excretory phase remains permanently.

text: Cats living in groups can infect each other with different strains of the virus during visits to a communal litter tray. Some cats are resistant to the virus and can avoid infection or even becoming carriers, while others may become FECV carriers. Carriers may heal spontaneously, but acquired immunity may be short, and they may go on to reinfect, usually within a few weeks, if they are living in a group with healthy, but persistent, excretory carriers. Some cats never heal, and the excretory phase remains permanently.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: litter

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: litter tray

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: FECV

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory phase

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory phase

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: permanently.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: immunity

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory carriers.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Cats

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: healthy, but persistent, excretory carriers.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: permanently.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: permanently.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Some cats never heal, and the excretory phase remains permanently.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory carriers.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory carriers.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: acquired immunity may be short,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: FECV

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: litter tray.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Kidney disease, also known as nephropathy or renal disease, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is inflammatory kidney disease. Nephrosis is noninflammatory nephropathy. Kidney disease usually causes kidney failure (renal failure) to more or less degree, with the amount depending on the type of disease. In precise usage, disease denotes the structural and etiologic disease entity whereas failure denotes the dysfunction (lack of working well, that is, impaired renal function); but in common usage these meanings overlap; for example, the terms chronic kidney disease and chronic renal failure are usually considered synonymous. Acute kidney disease has often been called acute renal failure, although nephrologists now often tend to call it acute kidney injury. About 1 in 8 Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease.

text: Kidney disease, also known as nephropathy or renal disease, is damage to or

text: disease

text: of a

text: kidney

text: Nephritis

text: is

text: inflammatory

text: kidney disease.

text: Nephrosis

text: is noninflammatory nephropathy. Kidney disease usually causes kidney failure (

text: renal failure

text: ) to more or less degree, with the amount depending on the type of disease. In precise

text: usage

text: , disease

text: denotes

text: the

text: structural

text: and

text: etiologic

text: disease entity whereas failure denotes the dysfunction (lack of working well, that is, impaired

text: renal function

text: ); but in common usage these meanings overlap; for example, the terms

text: chronic kidney disease

text: and

text: chronic renal failure

text: are usually considered

text: synonym

text: ous. Acute kidney disease has often been called acute renal failure, although nephrologists now often tend to call it

text: acute kidney injury

text: . About 1 in 8 Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Nephrosis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renal function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: impaired renal function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: impaired renal function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephrosis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Nephrosis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Nephritis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Nephritis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: inflammatory kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 1 in 8 Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: impaired renal function);

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1 in 8

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Nephrosis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1 in 8 Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Nephrosis is noninflammatory nephropathy.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: impaired renal function);

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: impaired renal function);

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney disease,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 1 in 8 Americans suffer from chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Nephrosis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Nephrosis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Nephritis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Although the excretion of nitrogenous waste occurs mostly through the tegument, trematodes do possess an excretory system, which is instead mainly concerned with osmoregulation. This consists of two or more protonephridia, with those on each side of the body opening into a collecting duct. The two collecting ducts typically meet up at a single bladder, opening to the exterior through one or two pores near the posterior end of the animal.

text: Although the excretion of

text: nitrogenous waste

text: occurs mostly through the

text: tegument

text: , trematodes do possess an

text: excretory system

text: , which is instead mainly concerned with

text: osmoregulation

text: . This consists of two or more

text: protonephridia

text: , with those on each side of the body opening into a collecting duct. The two collecting ducts typically meet up at a single

text: bladder

text: , opening to the exterior through one or two pores near the posterior end of the animal.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion of nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tegument

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two or more

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion of nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: tegument,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: collecting duct.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tegument,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: collecting duct.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of nitrogenous waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The two collecting ducts typically meet up at a single bladder,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tegument,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two or more

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: collecting duct.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: two or more protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: two or more protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: collecting duct.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: two or more protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The two collecting ducts typically meet up at a single bladder,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: two or more protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: protonephridia,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: collecting duct.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder,

text: Molecular Systems Biology is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research within systems biology at the molecular level, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbial systems, the integration of cell signaling and regulatory networks, and synthetic biology.

text: Molecular Systems Biology is an

text: open-access

text: peer-reviewed

text: scientific journal

text: publishing research within

text: systems biology

text: at the molecular level, including

text: genomics

text: proteomics

text: metabolomics

text: microbial

text: systems, the integration of

text: cell signaling

text: and

text: regulatory networks

text: , and

text: synthetic biology

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine is an organ of excretion.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Blood containing wastes enters each kidney through a ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: microbial systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: metabolize

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver is a part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: metabolomics

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: metabolomics

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: metabolomics,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: metabolomics,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cell signaling and regulatory networks,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: metabolomics,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: metabolomics,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: metabolomics,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cell signaling and regulatory networks,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: cell signaling and regulatory networks,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: molecular level,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: proteomics,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: microbial systems,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: metabolomics,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: metabolomics,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: proteomics, metabolomics, microbial systems,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Molecular Systems Biology

text: In order to keep the excreted metabolites in solution, the kidney also has to excrete water. This is in contrast to complete oxidation of lactic acid, which would actually yield metabolic water for the body. This may lead to onset of acute thirst some tens of minutes into exercise in this state, if the water balance in the body was neutral initially.

text: In order to keep the excreted metabolites in solution, the kidney also has to excrete water. This is in contrast to complete oxidation of lactic acid, which would actually yield metabolic water for the body. This may lead to onset of acute thirst some tens of minutes into exercise in this state, if the water balance in the body was neutral initially.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete water

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: In order to keep the excreted metabolites

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lactic acid,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: metabolic water

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney also has to excrete water.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: As the environments of most organisms are constantly changing, the reactions of metabolism must be finely regulated to maintain a constant set of conditions within cells, a condition called homeostasis. Metabolic regulation also allows organisms to respond to signals and interact actively with their environments. Two closely linked concepts are important for understanding how metabolic pathways are controlled. Firstly, the regulation of an enzyme in a pathway is how its activity is increased and decreased in response to signals. Secondly, the control exerted by this enzyme is the effect that these changes in its activity have on the overall rate of the pathway (the flux through the pathway). For example, an enzyme may show large changes in activity (i.e. it is highly regulated) but if these changes have little effect on the flux of a metabolic pathway, then this enzyme is not involved in the control of the pathway.

text: As the environments of most organisms are constantly changing, the reactions of metabolism must be finely

text: regulated

text: to maintain a constant set of conditions within cells, a condition called

text: homeostasis

text: . Metabolic regulation also allows organisms to respond to signals and interact actively with their environments. Two closely linked concepts are important for understanding how metabolic pathways are controlled. Firstly, the regulation of an enzyme in a pathway is how its activity is increased and decreased in response to signals. Secondly, the control exerted by this enzyme is the effect that these changes in its activity have on the overall rate of the pathway (the

text: flux

text: through the pathway). For example, an enzyme may show large changes in activity (i.e. it is highly regulated) but if these changes have little effect on the flux of a metabolic pathway, then this enzyme is not involved in the control of the pathway.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the function of the ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain a constant set of conditions within cells

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: to maintain a constant set of conditions within cells

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: enzyme

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain a constant set of conditions within cells,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: enzyme

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: As the environments of most organisms

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: enzyme

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: enzyme

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulated

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: enzyme

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: homeostasis.

text: The dog whelk can only survive out of water for a limited period, as it will gradually become desiccated and die if emersed for too long. Metabolic processes within cells take place in solution, and a decrease in water content makes it impossible for the organism to function properly. In experiments it has been shown that 50% of dog whelks die at 40°C, and it can be assumed that at temperatures lower than this a smaller proportion will be killed off. Furthermore, the dog whelk has to excrete ammonia directly into water, as it does not have the adaptation possessed by many upper shore species which would allow it to produce uric acid for excretion without loss of water. When kept emersed for seven days at a temperature of 18°C, 100% of dog whelks die, in contrast to many periwinkle species which can lose even more water than the dog whelk (i.e. more than 37% of their total body mass) but survive as a result of their ability to excrete toxic waste products more efficiently.

text: The dog whelk can only survive out of water for a limited period, as it will gradually become

text: desiccated

text: and die if emersed for too long.

text: Metabolic

text: processes within cells take place in solution, and a decrease in water content makes it impossible for the organism to function properly. In experiments it has been shown that 50% of dog whelks die at 40°C, and it can be assumed that at temperatures lower than this a smaller proportion will be killed off. Furthermore, the dog whelk has to

text: excrete

text: ammonia

text: directly into

text: water

text: , as it does not have the adaptation possessed by many upper shore species which would allow it to produce

text: uric acid

text: for excretion without loss of water. When kept emersed for seven days at a temperature of 18°C, 100% of dog whelks die, in contrast to many

text: periwinkle

text: species which can lose even more water than the dog whelk (i.e. more than 37% of their total body mass) but survive as a result of their ability to excrete toxic waste products more efficiently.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the dog whelk excrete ammonia directly into water

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion without loss of water

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: uricate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: periwinkle

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion without loss of water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: a decrease in water content

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: periwinkle

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excrete ammonia

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: uric acid for excretion without loss of water.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: uric acid for excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: uric acid for excretion without loss of water.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: water.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 37% of their total body mass)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 50% of dog whelks die at 40°C,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: uric acid for excretion without loss of water.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: uric acid for excretion without loss of water.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: loss of water.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: uric acid

text: The Clinic implements diagnosis and treatment of the following diseases:Early and elder age children and adolescents pathology.Urinary system diseasesUrinary system infections (cystitis, pyelonephritis, urosepsis),nephritic syndrome,glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial diseases,urine stones disease,chronic kidney disease and its complications,water electrolyte and acid-base balances’ deviations,lower urinary tract dysfunction, urinary incontinence, enuresis,neonatal nephrology,renal and renovascular hypertensionmetabolic bone diseases (rickets / osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis, hypophosphatasia, etc.)phosphorus-calcium exchange disorders,ezofagogastroduodenal zone diseases,hepatobiliary system diseases,pancreas diseases,inflammatory diseases of the intestine,malabsorption syndrome,chronic constipation,Wilson's disease,Storage Diseases (glycogenosis),acute rheumatic fever,infective endocarditis,juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,juvenile spondiloarthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sclerodermajuvenile dermatomyositis,systemic [visceral] angiitisreactive arthritisbronchial asthma.allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis,atopic dermatitis,Acute and chronic Urticaria,drug allergy,insects allergy,Stevens-Johnson syndrome.3. Bone and mineral exchange disorders,4. Digestive disorders,5. cardioreumatological diseases,6. allergological diseases.Clinic staff shows considerable assistance to the practical health care; actively takes part both in physicians improving courses and professional Doors open days in RA regions and in Artsakh.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: systemic lupus erythematosus.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urinary system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of urination is normally under conscious control.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary system infections

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal and renovascular hypertension

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pancreas

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Chronic kidney disease and its complications

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: malabsorption syndrome

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary incontinence, enuresis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: chronic kidney disease and its complications

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: lower urinary tract dysfunction

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: lower urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tubulointerstitial diseases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: lower urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: arthritisbronchial asthma.allergic

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: malabsorption syndrome,chronic

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: allergy,Stevens-Johnson syndrome.3.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: syndrome,glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: diseases,urine stones disease,chronic

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: diseases,urine stones disease,chronic

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary incontinence, enuresis,neonatal

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephrology,renal and renovascular hypertensionmetabolic

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: allergy,Stevens-Johnson syndrome.3.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: disease,chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephrology,renal and renovascular hypertensionmetabolic

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: disease,chronic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary incontinence, enuresis,neonatal

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: asthma.allergic rhin

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renovascular hypertensionmetabolic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: [visceral] angiitisreactive

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: diseases,hepatobiliary system diseases,pancreas

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: disease,chronic kidney disease and its complications,water

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: diseases,urine stones disease,chronic

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: complications,water electrolyte and acid-base balances’ deviations,lower

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: complications,water electrolyte and acid-base balances’ deviations,lower

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: disease,chronic kidney disease and its complications,water

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: diseases,urine stones disease,chronic

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: disease,chronic kidney disease and its complications,water

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: syndrome,glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: [visceral]

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: fever,infective endocarditis,juvenile

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In males, the expulsion of urine from the body is done through the penis. The urethra drains the bladder through the prostate gland where it is joined by the ejaculatory duct, and then onward to the penis. At the root of the penis (the proximal end of the corpus spongiosum) lies the external sphincter muscle. This is a small sphincter of striated muscle tissue and is in healthy males under voluntary control. Relaxing the urethra sphincter allows the urine in the upper urethra to enter the penis properly and thus empty the urinary bladder.

text: In males, the expulsion of

text: urine

text: from the body is done through the penis. The

text: urethra

text: drains the bladder through the

text: prostate gland

text: where it is joined by the

text: ejaculatory duct

text: , and then onward to the penis. At the root of the penis (the proximal end of the corpus spongiosum) lies the

text: external sphincter muscle

text: . This is a small sphincter of

text: striated muscle tissue

text: and is in healthy males under voluntary control. Relaxing the urethra sphincter allows the urine in the upper urethra to enter the penis properly and thus empty the urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys that helps keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter muscle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: expulsion of urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Where does urine form?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ejaculatory duct,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: external sphincter

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ejaculatory duct,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: voluntary control.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: expulsion of urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: In males, the expulsion of urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: In males, the expulsion of urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: prostate gland

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: In males, the expulsion of urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ejaculatory duct, and then onward to the penis.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ejaculatory duct,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ejaculatory duct,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: expulsion of urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Relaxing the urethra sphincter

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ejaculatory duct, and then onward to the penis.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: The urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: prostate gland

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ejaculatory duct,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ejaculatory duct,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: prostate gland

text: The surgeon will create an incised opening laterally between the known outer borders of the defect, retract the incised opening to the desired diameter, and position the graft to cover the incision. This will form a tunnel, or diversion through the stricture which is 10 mm (optimally) in estimated diameter, to allow for the flow of urine. Using micro surgical techniques, the scrotal graft or penile island flap will be sutured in place and fibrin glue applied to the suture line to help prevent leakage and formation of a fistula. At this time an appropriately sized (b) Foley catheter will be inserted through the repair and into the bladder (and connected to a urinary drainage system), and the incision closed (layer by layer). Some surgeons will inject a local anesthetic such as 2% plain lidocaine or 0.5% bupivicaine into the areas to allow the patient an additional period of relief from discomfort.

text: The surgeon will create an incised opening laterally between the known outer borders of the defect, retract the incised opening to the desired diameter, and position the graft to cover the incision. This will form a tunnel, or diversion through the stricture which is 10 mm (optimally) in estimated diameter, to allow for the flow of urine. Using

text: micro surgical

text: techniques, the scrotal graft or penile island flap will be sutured in place and

text: fibrin glue

text: applied to the suture line to help prevent leakage and formation of a

text: fistula

text: . At this time an appropriately sized (b) Foley catheter will be inserted through the repair and into the bladder (and connected to a urinary drainage system), and the incision closed (layer by layer). Some surgeons will inject a

text: local anesthetic

text: such as 2% plain

text: lidocaine

text: or 0.5%

text: bupivicaine

text: into the areas to allow the patient an additional period of relief from discomfort.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Foley catheter will be inserted into the bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary flow

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are correct

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: scrotal

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 10 mm

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: diversion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: flow of urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: flow of urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: penile island flap

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 10 mm (optimally) in estimated diameter,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: fistula.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flow of urine.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: flow of urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: fistula.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: tunnel, or diversion through the stricture

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fistula.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Foley catheter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: The kidney has a bean-shaped structure with a convex and a concave border. A recessed area on the concave border is the renal hilum, where the renal artery enters the kidney and the renal vein and ureter leave. The kidney is surrounded by tough fibrous tissue, the renal capsule, which is itself surrounded by perirenal fat (adipose capsule), renal fascia, and pararenal fat (paranephric body). The anterior (front) surface of these tissues is the peritoneum, while the posterior (rear) surface is the transversalis fascia.

text: The kidney has a

text: bean

text: -shaped structure with a

text: convex

text: and a

text: concave

text: border. A recessed area on the concave border is the

text: renal hilum

text: , where the

text: renal artery

text: enters the kidney and the

text: renal vein

text: and

text: ureter

text: leave. The kidney is surrounded by tough fibrous tissue, the

text: renal capsule

text: , which is itself surrounded by perirenal fat (

text: adipose capsule

text: renal fascia

text: , and pararenal fat (

text: paranephric body

text: ). The anterior (front) surface of these tissues is the

text: peritoneum

text: , while the posterior (rear) surface is the

text: transversalis fascia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal hilum

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys that helps keep blood pressure within a normal range?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why do you need both kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: peritoneum

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: perirenal fat

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or ureter?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal hilum

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal capsule

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: perirenal fat

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: perirenal fat

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: (paranephric body).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The kidney is surrounded by tough fibrous tissue,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: perirenal fat

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal hilum,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal capsule,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: In order to maintain homeostasis, the central nervous system responds constantly, via neural feedback, to environmental cues. Stressful events disrupt the rhythmic structure of autonomic states, and subsequently, behaviors. Since the vagus plays such an integral role in the PNS via regulation of heart rate, it follows that the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a good index of PNS activity via the cardiac vagus. That is, RSA is a measurable, noninvasive way to see how the vagus modulates heart rate activity in response to stress. This method is useful to measure individual differences in stress reactivity.

text: In order to maintain

text: homeostasis

text: , the central nervous system responds constantly, via neural feedback, to environmental cues. Stressful events disrupt the rhythmic structure of autonomic states, and subsequently, behaviors. Since the vagus plays such an integral role in the PNS via regulation of heart rate, it follows that the amplitude of

text: respiratory sinus arrhythmia

text: (RSA) is a good index of PNS activity via the cardiac vagus. That is, RSA is a measurable, noninvasive way to see how the vagus modulates heart rate activity in response to stress. This method is useful to measure individual differences in stress reactivity.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a good index

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The kidneys are located in the back of the body

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys work?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulates heart rate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidneys help keep blood pressure within a normal range.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: You need both kidneys to live a normal, healthy life

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: individual differences

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uncontrolled blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: invasive

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: PNS

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: respiratory sinus arrhythmia

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: In order to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cardiac vagus.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cardiac vagus.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: autonomic states,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: heart rate,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: In order to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: In order to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: central nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: individual differences in stress reactivity.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vagus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: In order to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: In order to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the vagus

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: In order to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: neural feedback, to environmental cues.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Stressful events disrupt the rhythmic structure of autonomic states,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: In order to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cardiac vagus.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cardiac vagus.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: respiratory sinus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: respiratory sinus arrhythmia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: noninvasive

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cardiac vagus.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: central nervous system

text: It has been hypothesised that the wearing of helmets may make cyclists feel safer and thus take more risks. This hypothetical effect is known as risk compensation or risk homeostasis. Some authors have suggested that risk compensation occurs with other road safety interventions such as seat belts and anti-lock braking systems, but these views are disputed by other road safety experts.

text: It has been hypothesised that the wearing of helmets may make cyclists feel safer and thus take more risks. This hypothetical effect is known as

text: risk compensation

text: or risk homeostasis. Some authors have suggested that risk compensation occurs with other road safety interventions such as

text: seat belt

text: s and

text: anti-lock braking system

text: s, but these views are disputed by other road safety experts.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: non-specific

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: seat belts

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: helmets

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: It has been hypothesised

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: seat belts and anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: seat belts

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: anti-lock braking systems,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: seat belts

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: risk compensation or risk homeostasis.

text: Only the free fraction of a drug that is dissolved in the blood plasma can be removed through the kidney. Therefore, drugs that are tightly bound to proteins are not available for renal excretion, as long as they are not metabolized when they may be eliminated as metabolites.Creatinine clearance is used as a measure of kidney functioning but it is only useful in cases where the drug is excreted in an unaltered form in the urine. The excretion of drugs from the kidney's nephrons has the same properties as that of any other organic solute: passive filtration, reabsorption and active secretion. In the latter phase the secretion of drugs is an active process that is subject to conditions relating to the saturability of the transported molecule and competition between substrates. Therefore, these are key sites where interactions between drugs could occur.Filtration depends on a number of factors including the pH of the urine, it having been shown that the drugs that act as weak bases are increasingly excreted as the pH of the urine becomes more acidic, and the inverse is true for weak acids. This mechanism is of great use when treating intoxications (by making the urine more acidic or more alkali) and it is also used by some drugs and herbal products to produce their interactive effect.

text: Only the free fraction of a drug that is dissolved in the blood plasma can be removed through the

text: kidney

text: . Therefore, drugs that are tightly bound to proteins are not available for renal excretion, as long as they are not metabolized when they may be eliminated as metabolites.

text: Creatinine clearance

text: is used as a measure of kidney functioning but it is only useful in cases where the drug is excreted in an unaltered form in the urine. The excretion of drugs from the kidney's nephrons has the same properties as that of any other organic solute: passive filtration, reabsorption and active secretion. In the latter phase the secretion of drugs is an active process that is subject to conditions relating to the saturability of the transported molecule and competition between substrates. Therefore, these are key sites where interactions between drugs could occur.Filtration depends on a number of factors including the

text: pH

text: of the urine, it having been shown that the drugs that act as

text: weak bases

text: are increasingly excreted as the pH of the urine becomes more acidic, and the inverse is true for

text: weak acid

text: s. This mechanism is of great use when treating intoxications (by making the urine more acidic or more alkali) and it is also used by some drugs and herbal products to produce their interactive effect.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs, respiratory tract, and respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is creatinine clearance used as a measure of kidney functioning

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: passive filtration

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removed through the kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood plasma

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: active secretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in an unaltered form in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Nephrons

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Nephrons

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: drugs that are tightly bound to proteins are not available for renal excretion,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: passive filtration,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: plasma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: drugs

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: passive filtration, reabsorption and active secretion.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: intoxications

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: pH of the urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: drugs that are tightly bound to proteins are not available for renal excretion,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: drugs that are tightly bound to proteins are not available for renal excretion,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney's nephrons

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: proteins

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney's nephrons

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorption

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: passive filtration, reabsorption and active secretion.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: drugs that are tightly bound to proteins are not available for renal excretion,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: drugs that are tightly bound to proteins are not available for renal excretion,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: metabolites.Creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: passive filtration,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney.

text: Another potential problem that arises at the interface between wheel and axle (or axle and body) is the ability of an organism to transfer materials across this interface. If the tissues that make up a wheel are living, they will need to be supplied with oxygen and nutrients and have wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism. A typical animal circulatory system, composed of blood vessels, would not be able to provide transportation across the interface. In the absence of circulation, oxygen and nutrients would need to diffuse across the interface, a process that would be greatly limited by the available partial pressure and surface area, in accordance with Fick's law of diffusion. For large multicellular animals, diffusion would be insufficient. Alternately, a wheel could be composed of excreted, nonliving material such as keratin, of which hair and nails are composed.

text: Another potential problem that arises at the interface between wheel and axle (or axle and body) is the ability of an organism to transfer materials across this interface. If the tissues that make up a wheel are living, they will need to be supplied with

text: oxygen

text: and nutrients and have wastes removed in order to sustain

text: metabolism

text: . A typical animal

text: circulatory system

text: , composed of blood vessels, would not be able to provide transportation across the interface. In the absence of circulation, oxygen and nutrients would need to

text: diffuse

text: across the interface, a process that would be greatly limited by the available

text: partial pressure

text: and

text: surface area

text: , in accordance with

text: Fick's law of diffusion

text: . For large multicellular animals, diffusion would be insufficient. Alternately, a wheel could be composed of excreted, nonliving material such as

text: keratin

text: , of which

text: hair

text: and

text: nails

text: are composed.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system is composed of blood vessels.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: wastes are removed in order to sustain metabolism

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: wastes

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: wastes

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: typical animal circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood vessels

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: wheel

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: wastes

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: keratin,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: animal circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: keratin,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excreted,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism. A typical animal circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism. A typical animal circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: keratin,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: multicellular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: large multicellular animals, diffusion would be insufficient.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: keratin,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: wastes removed

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: wastes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: animal circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: animal circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: keratin,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: keratin,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: wastes removed in order to sustain metabolism. A typical animal circulatory system,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: blood vessels,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: blood vessels,

text: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11 –  [JHHD-11] (Starring Sakura Aragaki)

text: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11 –  [JHHD-11] (Starring Sakura Aragaki)

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The kidneys filter all of the blood in the body

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: (JHHD-11)

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: [JHHD-11]

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ten

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Sakura Aragaki

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uncontrolled blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Sakura Aragaki

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Sakura Aragaki

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Sakura Aragaki)

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: [JHHD-11]

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 2008-05-09 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 11

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: [JHHD-11] (Starring Sakura Aragaki)

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Sakura Aragaki)

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: [JHHD-11]

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: 2008-05-09

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Sakura Aragaki)

text: Practitioners of Gaianism are termed "Gaians", or sometimes Gaianists. Followers typically approach the philosophy with the perspective that you should honor the earth, reduce or soften the human impact on the earth, and to be respectful of all life on earth. The latter perspective is extended to all forms of life such as plant, animal, or human, and followers will often try to maintain a close relationship with the planet in order to strive toward world peace, maintain global homeostasis and find inner fulfillment. Gaians will occasionally follow Gaianism along with other religions, but for many Gaianism is not necessarily religious.

text: Practitioners of Gaianism are termed "Gaians", or sometimes Gaianists. Followers typically approach the philosophy with the perspective that you should honor the earth, reduce or soften the

text: human impact on the earth

text: , and to be respectful of all life on earth. The latter perspective is extended to all forms of life such as plant, animal, or human, and followers will often try to maintain a close relationship with the planet in order to strive toward

text: world peace

text: , maintain global

text: homeostasis

text: and find inner fulfillment. Gaians will occasionally follow Gaianism along with other religions, but for many Gaianism is not necessarily religious.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maintain global homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gall bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Gaians

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Gaianists.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Gaianists.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Gaianists.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Gaianism is not necessarily religious.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Practitioners of Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Practitioners of Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Practitioners of Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: plant, animal, or human,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "Gaians", or sometimes Gaianists.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: "Gaians", or sometimes Gaianists.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: for many Gaianism is not necessarily religious.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: global homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: world peace, maintain global homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Gaianists.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Gaianism

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: "Gaians", or sometimes Gaianists.

text: Many workers have attempted to prevent kidneys rewarming during reimplantation but only Cohen has described using a system of active cooling. Measurements of lysosomal enzyme release from kidneys subjected to sham anastomoses, when either in or out of the cooling system, demonstrated how sensitive kidneys were to rewarming after a period of cold storage, and confirmed the effectiveness of the cooling system in preventing enzyme release. A further factor in minimising injury at the reimplantation operations may have been that the kidneys were kept at 7 °C within the cooling coil, which was within a degree of the temperature used during perfusion storage, so that the kidneys were not subjected to the greater changes in temperature that would have occurred if ice cooling had been used.

text: Many workers have attempted to prevent kidneys rewarming during reimplantation but only Cohen has described using a system of active cooling. Measurements of lysosomal enzyme release from kidneys subjected to sham anastomoses, when either in or out of the cooling system, demonstrated how sensitive kidneys were to rewarming after a period of cold storage, and confirmed the effectiveness of the cooling system in preventing enzyme release. A further factor in minimising injury at the reimplantation operations may have been that the kidneys were kept at 7 °C within the cooling coil, which was within a degree of the temperature used during perfusion storage, so that the kidneys were not subjected to the greater changes in temperature that would have occurred if ice cooling had been used.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does Cohen describe using a system of active cooling?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lysosome

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: anastomosis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: rewarming

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: anastomoses

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lysosome

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: anastomosis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: lysosomal enzyme release from kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: lysosomal

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: anastomoses,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: lysosomal enzyme release

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: lysosomal enzyme release from kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ice cooling

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: lysosomal enzyme release from kidneys

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: sham anastomoses,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: cooling.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 7 °C

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sham anastomoses,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: lysosomal enzyme release

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: lysosomal enzyme release

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: lysosomal enzyme release

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Cohen has described using a system of active cooling.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: anastomoses,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: anastomoses,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: lysosomal

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: perfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: anastomoses,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed, but in more complex dishes they are stewed with a sauce that will improve their flavor. In many preparations, kidneys are combined with pieces of meat or liver, as in mixed grill or meurav Yerushalmi. Dishes include the British steak and kidney pie, the Swedish hökarpanna (pork and kidney stew), the French rognons de veau sauce moutarde (veal kidneys in mustard sauce) and the Spanish riñones al Jerez (kidneys stewed in sherry sauce) .

text: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed, but in more complex dishes they are stewed with a sauce that will improve their flavor. In many preparations, kidneys are combined with pieces of meat or liver, as in

text: mixed grill

text: or meurav Yerushalmi. Dishes include the

text: British

text: steak and kidney pie

text: , the

text: Swedish

text: hökarpanna (pork and kidney stew), the

text: French

text: rognons de veau sauce moutarde (veal kidneys in

text: mustard

text: sauce) and the

text: Spanish

text: riñones al Jerez (kidneys stewed in

text: sherry

text: sauce) .

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: remove kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hökarpanna

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys are combined with pieces of meat or liver,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys are combined with pieces of meat or liver,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Kidneys are usually grilled or sautéed,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: meurav Yerushalmi.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Kidneys

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidneys

text: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals, but D2 and D3 can regulate tissue specific intracellular levels of T to maintain homeostasis since T and T levels may vary by organ.  Deiodinases also provide spatial and temporal developmental control of thyroid hormone levels.  D3 levels are highest early in development and decrease over time, while D2 levels are high at moments of significant metamorphic change in tissues.  Thus D2 enables production of sufficient T at necessary time points while D3 may shield tissue from overexposure to T.

text: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals, but D2 and D3 can regulate tissue specific intracellular levels of T to maintain

text: homeostasis

text: since T and T levels may vary by organ.  Deiodinases also provide spatial and temporal developmental control of thyroid hormone levels.  D3 levels are highest early in development and decrease over time, while D2 levels are high at moments of significant metamorphic change in tissues.  Thus D2 enables production of sufficient T at necessary time points while D3 may shield tissue from overexposure to T.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main function of the ureters?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: thyroid hormone levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulate tissue specific intracellular levels of T

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: thyroid

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: overexposure to T

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: heparin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: tissue specific intracellular levels of T to maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulate tissue specific intracellular levels of T to maintain homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: D2 and D3 can regulate tissue specific intracellular levels of T

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Serum T levels

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Serum T levels remain fairly constant in healthy individuals,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: T and T levels may vary by organ. Deiodinases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: D2 and D3

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Serum T levels

text: The body uses a complex system of hormones and hormone-like substances called prostaglandins to keep its volume of fluid at a constant level. If one were to intake an excessive amount of fluid in one day, the amount of fluid would not be affected in the long term. This is because the kidneys quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine. Likewise, if one did not get enough to drink, the body would hold on to its fluids and urinate less than usual. Imbalances in this system can lead to water retention, which can range from mild and unnoticeable to symptomatic with swelling.

text: The body uses a complex system of

text: hormone

text: s and hormone-like substances called

text: prostaglandin

text: s to

text: keep its volume of fluid at a constant level

text: . If one were to intake an excessive amount of fluid in one day, the amount of fluid would not be affected in the long term. This is because the

text: kidneys

text: quickly excrete the excess in the form of

text: urine

text: . Likewise, if one did not get enough to drink, the body would hold on to its fluids and urinate less than usual. Imbalances in this system can lead to water retention, which can range from mild and unnoticeable to

text: symptom

text: atic with

text: swelling

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys quickly excrete the excess.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: fluid levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: quickly excrete the excess

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The body uses a complex system of hormones

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: volume of fluid at a constant level.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: the kidneys quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: water retention,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: the kidneys quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water retention,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinate less than usual.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the kidneys quickly excrete the excess in the form of urine.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: prostaglandins

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: The metasoma (the "abdomen") of the ant houses important internal organs, including those of the reproductive, respiratory (tracheae), and excretory systems. Workers of many species have their egg-laying structures modified into stings that are used for subduing prey and defending their nests.

text: The

text: metasoma

text: (the "abdomen") of the ant houses important internal organs, including those of the reproductive, respiratory (tracheae), and excretory systems. Workers of many species have their

text: egg-laying structures

text: modified into

text: stings

text: that are used for subduing

text: prey

text: and defending their nests.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: tracheae

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does the "abdomen" of the ant house?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: trachea

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: metasoma

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tracheal

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: (tracheae),

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The metasoma

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: metasoma

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: stings

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: (tracheae),

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: reproductive, respiratory (tracheae), and excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The metasoma

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: (tracheae),

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: (tracheae),

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory systems.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: (tracheae),

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Normal renal function requires that the flow through the nephron is kept within a narrow range. When tubular flow (that is, GFR) lies outside this range, the ability of the nephron to maintain solute and water balance is compromised. Additionally, changes in GFR may result from changes in renal blood flow (RBF), which itself must be maintained within narrow limits. Elevated RBF may damage the glomerulus, while diminished RBF may deprive the kidney of oxygen. Tubuloglomerular feedback provides a mechanism by which changes in GFR can be detected and rapidly corrected for on a minute-to-minute basis as well as over sustained periods.

text: Normal renal function requires that the flow through the

text: nephron

text: is kept within a narrow range. When tubular flow (that is, GFR) lies outside this range, the ability of the nephron to maintain solute and water balance is compromised. Additionally, changes in GFR may result from changes in

text: renal blood flow

text: (RBF), which itself must be maintained within narrow limits. Elevated RBF may damage the

text: glomerulus

text: , while diminished RBF may deprive the kidney of oxygen. Tubuloglomerular feedback provides a mechanism by which changes in GFR can be detected and rapidly corrected for on a minute-to-minute basis as well as over sustained periods.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: normal renal function requires that the flow through the nephron

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain solute and water balance

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: GFR

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubular flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: deprive the kidney of oxygen

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal function

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Normal renal function requires that the flow through the nephron

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: GFR)

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Normal renal function

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: solute and water balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: minute-to-minute

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: changes in GFR can be detected and rapidly corrected

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the flow through the nephron

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Normal renal function

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: GFR)

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: GFR)

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tubular flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diminished RBF may deprive the kidney of oxygen.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Normal renal function requires that the flow through the nephron

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: When tubular flow

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Tubuloglomerular feedback

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerulus,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephron

text: Over the course of his thirty-nine-year career, Domingue received funding from the National Institutes of Health, Veterans Administration, and a variety of national and international research foundations; served on grant review committees of these agencies as well as consultant to various journal review boards. He also served as clinical microbiology and research consultant to hospital clinical laboratories and to industry. He enjoys international recognition as an authority on the basic biology and medical significance of atypical bacterial organisms and is considered a pioneer and an expert on the role of these unusual bacteria in the persistence and expression of kidney and urological infectious diseases.

text: Over the course of his thirty-nine-year career, Domingue received funding from the

text: National Institutes of Health

entity_name: United States Department of Veterans Affairs

text: Veterans Administration

text: , and a variety of national and international research foundations; served on grant review committees of these agencies as well as consultant to various journal review boards. He also served as clinical microbiology and research consultant to hospital clinical laboratories and to industry. He enjoys international recognition as an authority on the basic biology and medical significance of atypical bacterial organisms and is considered a pioneer and an expert on the role of these unusual bacteria in the persistence and expression of kidney and urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: kidney and urological infectious diseases?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney and urological infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urological infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney and urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney and urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Domingue

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Domingue

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney and urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney and urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney and urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: thirty-nine-year

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: thirty-nine-year career, Domingue

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: atypical bacterial organisms

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Domingue

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urological

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urological infectious diseases.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urological

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The functions of the kidney can be divided into three groups: secretion of hormones, gluconeogenesis and extracellular homeostasis of pH and blood components. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.

text: The functions of the kidney can be divided into three groups: secretion of hormones,

text: gluconeogenesis

text: and extracellular homeostasis of pH and blood components. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (iii).

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: (iv)

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: secretion of hormones

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: gluconeogenesis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The nephron

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: gluconeogenesis

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The nephron

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: secretion of hormones,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: extracellular homeostasis of pH and blood components.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: extracellular homeostasis of pH and blood components.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: secretion of hormones,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: extracellular homeostasis of pH and blood components.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The nephron

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blood components.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The nephron

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The nephron

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: extracellular homeostasis of pH and blood components.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: secretion of hormones,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The functions of the kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The nephron

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: gluconeogenesis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: The nephron

text: The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that collects urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.  A hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ, the bladder sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. The typical human bladder capacity is between 300 and  (10.14 and ).

text: The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that collects

text: urine

text: from the

text: kidney

text: s before disposal by

text: urination

text: .  A hollow

text: muscular

text: , and distensible (or elastic) organ, the bladder sits on the

text: pelvic floor

text: . Urine enters the bladder via the

text: ureter

text: s and exits via the

text: urethra

text: . The typical human bladder capacity is between 300 and  (10.14 and ).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: collects urine from the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: yes

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urination.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine from the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that collects urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 300

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 300

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Urine enters the bladder via the ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: a hollow muscular organ that collects urine from the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 300

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: These are excretory systems in phyla Platyhelminthes and are also called blind tubules. These tubules bear a tuft of cilia or flagellum. An organ of excretion in flatworms: a hollow cup-shaped cell containing a bunch of cilia or flagellum, whose movement draws in waste products and wafts them to the outside through a connecting tubule.

text: These are excretory systems in phyla

text: Platyhelminthes

text: and are also called blind tubules. These tubules bear a tuft of

text: cilia

text: or

text: flagellum

text: . An organ of excretion in flatworms: a hollow cup-shaped cell containing a bunch of cilia or flagellum, whose movement draws in waste products and wafts them to the outside through a connecting tubule.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a flatworm?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tuft

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: blind tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: draws in waste products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: draws in waste products and wafts them to the outside

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: movement draws in waste products

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: blind tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: waste products

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia or flagellum.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: a connecting tubule.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: draws in waste products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: connecting tubule.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a connecting tubule.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: draws in waste products

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: draws in waste products

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: connecting tubule.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cup-shaped cell

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: flagellum.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: blind tubules.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: blind tubules.

text: Treatment for kidney cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Surgery is the most common treatment as kidney cancer does not often respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. If the cancer has not spread it will usually be removed by surgery. In some cases this involves removing the whole kidney however most tumors are amenable to partial removal to eradicate the tumor and preserve the remaining normal portion of the kidney. Surgery is not always possible - for example the patient may have other medical conditions that prevent it, or the cancer may have spread around the body and doctors may not be able to remove it. There is currently no evidence that body-wide medical therapy after surgery where there is no known residual disease, that is, adjuvant therapy, helps to improve survival in kidney cancer. If the cancer cannot be treated with surgery other techniques such as freezing the tumour or treating it with high temperatures may be used. However these are not yet used as standard treatments for kidney cancer.

text: Treatment for kidney cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Surgery is the most common treatment as kidney cancer does not often respond to

text: chemotherapy

text: and

text: radiotherapy

text: . If the cancer has not spread it will usually be removed by surgery. In some cases this involves

text: removing the whole kidney

text: however most tumors are amenable to

text: partial removal

text: to eradicate the tumor and preserve the remaining normal portion of the kidney. Surgery is not always possible - for example the patient may have other medical conditions that prevent it, or the cancer may have spread around the body and doctors may not be able to remove it. There is currently no evidence that body-wide medical therapy after surgery where there is no known residual disease, that is,

text: adjuvant therapy

text: , helps to improve survival in kidney cancer. If the cancer cannot be treated with surgery other techniques such as

text: freezing the tumour

text: or

text: treating it with high temperatures

text: may be used. However these are not yet used as standard treatments for kidney cancer.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: normal portion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the most common treatment for kidney cancer?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: squeezing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: removing the whole kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the most common treatment for kidney cancer?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: radiotherapy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: whole kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: surgery. In some cases this involves removing the whole kidney

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Treatment for kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Treatment for kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: whole kidney

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: whole kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: freezing the tumour or treating it with high temperatures

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Treatment for kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Surgery

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney cancer

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: radiotherapy.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20 –  [JHHD-20] (Starring Shino Nakamura)

text: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20 –  [JHHD-20] (Starring Shino Nakamura)

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does Shino Nakamura do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Shino Nakamura

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Shino Nakamura

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ten

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Shino Nakamura

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: causing kidney damage

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Shino Nakamura

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Shino Nakamura

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 2009-05-08

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 2009-05-08

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 20 – [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: 2009-05-08

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: 2009-05-08

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: [JHHD-20]

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: 2009-05-08 Heroine Excretion Hell Vol. 20

text: Under microscopy, the urinary system is covered in a unique lining called urothelium, a type of transitional epithelium. Unlike the epithelial lining of most organs, transitional epithelium can flatten and distend. Urothelium covers most of the urinary system, including the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder.

text: Under microscopy, the urinary system is covered in a unique lining called

text: urothelium

text: , a type of

text: transitional epithelium

text: . Unlike the

text: epithelial

text: lining of most organs, transitional epithelium can flatten and distend. Urothelium covers most of the urinary system, including the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not covered by urothelium: renal pelvis, ureters, or bladder?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not covered by urothelium: renal pelvis, ureters, or bladder?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: renal pelvis

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urothelium

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Where does urine form?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: transitional epithelium can flatten and distend.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urothelium,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: microscopy,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder.

text: Intensive marine aquaculture in the last decade has increased considerably and resulted in considerable adverse environmental impacts. Large discharge volumes of organic matter from uneaten feed and excretory waste from aquacultured species has resulted in high levels of nutrients within coastal waters. Large quantities of nitrogen (~ 75%) excreted from bivalves, salmon and shrimp, enter into the coastal environment, with the potential to develop algal blooms, and reduce dissolved oxygen in the water.

text: Intensive marine aquaculture in the last decade has increased considerably and resulted in considerable adverse environmental impacts. Large discharge volumes of organic matter from uneaten feed and excretory waste from aquacultured species has resulted in high levels of nutrients within coastal waters. Large quantities of nitrogen (~ 75%) excreted from

text: bivalves

text: salmon

text: and

text: shrimp

text: , enter into the coastal environment, with the potential to develop

text: algal blooms

text: , and reduce dissolved oxygen in the water.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bivalves

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 75

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: reduce dissolved oxygen in the water

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory waste?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bivalves

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: algal blooms

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: uneaten

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dissolved oxygen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 75%)

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nitrogen (<unk> 75%) excreted from bivalves,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory waste

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bivalves,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Intensive marine aquaculture

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Yam khanom chin (, pronounced [jām kʰà.nǒm t͡ɕīːn]; also spelled Yum khanohm jeen)  is a Thai dish. It is a spicy and sour salad made with Khanom chin. Khanom chin are thin rice noodles, and most commonly used in the cuisines of East and Southeast Asia.  The basic ingredients of yum khanom chin are lime juice, ground chili, fish sauce, sugar and another variant of yum khanom chin has fermented fish sauce also. Certainly, Yum Khanom chin has a good spicy and sour taste.  Yum Khanom chin is difficult to find, although it is known well.  This recipe is beneficial for people who want to diet because it boosts and speeds up the metabolism, and helps excretory system, it does not have to work hard to process. Also, Yum Khanom chin is a low-calorie food, it has  220 calories per dish.Literally, the name "yam khanom chin" is a derivative from two Thai words: "yam" refers to a  Thai spicy and sour salad while "khanom chin" refers to thin rice noodles in Thai cuisine.

text: Yam khanom chin (, pronounced [jām kʰà.nǒm t͡ɕīːn]; also spelled Yum khanohm jeen)  is a Thai dish. It is a spicy and sour salad made with Khanom chin. Khanom chin are thin

text: rice noodles

text: , and most commonly used in the cuisines of East and Southeast Asia.  The basic ingredients of yum khanom chin are lime juice, ground chili, fish sauce, sugar and another variant of yum khanom chin has fermented fish sauce also. Certainly, Yum Khanom chin has a good spicy and sour taste.  Yum Khanom chin is difficult to find, although it is known well.  This recipe is beneficial for people who want to diet because it boosts and speeds up the metabolism, and helps excretory system, it does not have to work hard to process. Also, Yum Khanom chin is a low-calorie food, it has  220 calories per dish.Literally, the name "yam khanom chin" is a derivative from two Thai words: "yam" refers to a  Thai spicy and sour salad while "khanom chin" refers to thin rice noodles in

text: Thai cuisine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the final word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: helps excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the main function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: it does not have to work hard to process

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Khanom chin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Khanom chin

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: it does not have to work hard to process.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system, it does not have to work hard to process.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 220 calories

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 220 calories per dish.Literally,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: it does not have to work hard to process.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: helps excretory system, it does not have to work hard to process.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Yam khanom chin

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fish sauce,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: The external surface of tegument is associated with unique defining structures in cestodes and trematodes. In cestodes the tegument is further covered with highly specialized microvilli, called "microtriches", projecting from the outer limiting membrane of the tegument. These microtriches are fine hair-like filaments distributed throughout the surface of the body, and give the body surface a smooth and silky appearance. Since cestodes are devoid of any digestive and excretory systems, the tegument with its microtriches constitute the principal site of absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste materials. In fact the tegument highly resembles the gut of animals turned inside out.

text: The external surface of tegument is associated with unique defining structures in cestodes and trematodes. In cestodes the tegument is further covered with highly specialized

text: microvilli

text: , called "

text: microtriches

text: ", projecting from the outer limiting membrane of the tegument. These microtriches are fine hair-like filaments distributed throughout the surface of the body, and give the body surface a smooth and silky appearance. Since cestodes are devoid of any

text: digestive

text: and

text: excretory system

text: s, the tegument with its microtriches constitute the principal site of absorption of

text: nutrients

text: and elimination of waste materials. In fact the tegument highly resembles the

text: gut

text: of

text: animals

text: turned inside out.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tegument

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cestodes

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate of waste materials

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: elimination of waste materials

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: elimination of waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: cestodes are devoid of any digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: "microtriches",

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tegument

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: cestodes are devoid of any digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nutrients and elimination of waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: elimination of waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: elimination of waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: cestodes are devoid of any digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: highly specialized microvilli,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: "microtriches",

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: cestodes are devoid of any digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "microtriches",

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: "microtriches",

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nutrients

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: elimination of waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: elimination of waste materials.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the tegument

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: cestodes are devoid of any digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: microvilli,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: gut

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: "microtriches",

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: digestive and excretory systems,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: digestive and excretory

text: Nematodes have longitudinal muscles along the body wall. The muscles are obliquely arranged in bands. Dorsal, ventral and longitudinal nerve cords are connected to the main body of the muscle.As a nematode in the group Secernentea, Gnathostoma have specialized tubular excretory system with three canals. The canals are arranged to form an H.

text: Nematodes have longitudinal muscles along the body wall. The muscles are obliquely arranged in bands. Dorsal, ventral and longitudinal nerve cords are connected to the main body of the muscle.As a nematode in the group Secernentea, Gnathostoma have specialized tubular excretory system with three canals. The canals are arranged to form an H.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the sweat glands in the skin, or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretory system?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: glands

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: venous flow

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: tubular excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does the H in Gnathostoma stand for?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hepatitis C

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Gnathostoma have specialized tubular excretory

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: three canals.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: canals.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: three canals.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Gnathostoma have specialized tubular excretory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Gnathostoma have specialized tubular excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: muscles

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: three

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: three canals.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: specialized tubular excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: tubular excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: three canals.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: canals.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tubular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: H.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tubular excretory system with three canals.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: tubular excretory

text: Another possible cause of Kidney disease is due to decreased function of xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway. Xanthine oxidase will degrade hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. Xanthine is not very soluble in water; therefore, an increase in xanthine forms crystals (which can lead to kidney stones) and result in damage of the kidney. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, like allopurinol, can cause nephropathy.

text: Another possible cause of Kidney disease is due to decreased function of

text: xanthine oxidase

text: in the

text: purine

text: degradation pathway. Xanthine oxidase will degrade

text: hypoxanthine

text: to

text: xanthine

text: and then to

text: uric acid

text: . Xanthine is not very soluble in water; therefore, an increase in xanthine forms crystals (which can lead to

text: kidney stone

text: s) and result in damage of the kidney.

text: Xanthine oxidase

text: inhibitors, like

text: allopurinol

text: , can cause nephropathy.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of Kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: uric acid

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of Kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes uric acid

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need to live a healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: purine degradation pathway

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of Kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: decreased function of xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: increased in xanthine forms crystals

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a possible cause of Kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephropathy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Xanthine is not very soluble in water;

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: uric acid.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Xanthine is not very soluble in water;

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: decreased function of xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones)

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: allopurinol,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: xanthine oxidase

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: Until recently, medical literature did not indicate a connection among many genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that are now being found to be related. As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause despite the widely varying set of medical symptoms that are clinically visible in the disorders. Anencephaly is one such disease, part of an emerging class of diseases called ciliopathies. The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary cilia structures of the cell, organelles present in many cellular types throughout the human body. The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and, thus, offer a plausible hypothesis for the often multi-symptom nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases. Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alström syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, and some forms of retinal degeneration.

text: Until recently, medical literature did not indicate a connection among many

text: genetic disorder

text: s, both

text: genetic syndromes

text: and

text: genetic diseases

text: , that are now being found to be related. As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their

text: root cause

text: despite the widely varying set of medical

text: symptoms

text: that are clinically visible in the

text: disorders

text: . Anencephaly is one such disease, part of an

text: emerging

text: class of diseases called

text: ciliopathies

text: . The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary

text: cilia

text: structures of the

text: cell

text: organelle

text: s present in many cellular types throughout the

text: human

text: body. The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and, thus, offer a plausible hypothesis for the often

text: multi-symptom

text: nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases. Known ciliopathies include

text: primary ciliary dyskinesia

text: Bardet-Biedl syndrome

text: polycystic kidney

text: and

text: liver disease

text: nephronophthisis

text: Alström syndrome

text: Meckel-Gruber syndrome

text: , and some forms of

text: retinal degeneration

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cilia structures of the cell

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephronophthisis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephronophthisis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Meckel-Gruber syndrome

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cellular types throughout the human body.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: dysfunctional molecular mechanism

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: retinal degeneration.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "numerous

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney and liver disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephronophthisis,

text: Acoelomorphs resemble flatworms in many respects, but have a simpler anatomy, not even having a gut. Like flatworms, they have no circulatory or respiratory systems, but they also lack an excretory system. They lack body cavities (acoelomate structure), a hindgut or an anus.

text: Acoelomorphs resemble flatworms in many respects, but have a simpler anatomy, not even having a gut. Like flatworms, they have no circulatory or respiratory systems, but they also lack an excretory system. They lack body cavities (acoelomate structure), a hindgut or an anus.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: lack an excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: anus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: circulatory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hindgut or an anus.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Acoelomorphs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: anus.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Acoelomorphs

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Acoelomorphs

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: anus.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Vespasian imposed a Urine Tax () on the distribution of urine from public urinals in Rome's Cloaca Maxima (great sewer) system. (The Roman lower classes urinated into pots which were emptied into cesspools.) The urine collected from public urinals was sold as an ingredient for several chemical processes. It was used in tanning, and also by launderers as a source of ammonia to clean and whiten woollen togas. The buyers of the urine paid the tax.

text: Vespasian

text: imposed a Urine Tax () on the distribution of

text: urine

text: from public urinals in Rome's

text: Cloaca Maxima

text: (great sewer) system. (The Roman lower classes urinated into pots which were emptied into

text: cesspool

text: s.) The urine collected from public urinals was sold as an ingredient for several chemical processes. It was used in

text: tanning

text: , and also by

text: launderers

text: as a source of

text: ammonia

text: to clean and whiten

text: wool

text: len

text: toga

text: s. The buyers of the urine paid the tax.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine collected from public urinals?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many days did Vespasian impose a Urine Tax?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: togas

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the Roman lower classes urinated into pots which were emptied into cesspools?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cloaca

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: (The Roman lower classes urinated into pots

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: sold as an ingredient for several chemical processes.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ammonia to clean and whiten woollen togas.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine from public urinals

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cesspools.)

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ingredient for several chemical processes.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine from public urinals

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: emptied into cesspools.)

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine from public urinals

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Vespasian imposed a Urine Tax

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: cesspools.)

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tanning,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine from public urinals

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinals

text: In pursuit of its aim and objectives, NAOWA support governments and other agencies in the provision of self-help projects, vocational training centres,  periodic donation and contribution of  cash, drugs, treated mosquito nets and other relief materials to ‘Homes’ for the motherless, elderly and destitute. The activities of the association is not only limited to barracks alone, it is also extended to the surrounding communities.  Hence the need to embark on the construction of a modern maternity centre equipped with state-of-the-art facility in Kaduna (Northern Nigeria) for the provision of maternal and child health services. The centre, when established, will improve access to basic health care and medical services, especially focused on improving women's health and drastically reducing child and maternal mortality. NAOWA is also making effort to partner with local community leaders to extend quality health services beyond the formal healthcare system. The association is concerned with preventive rather than curative aspects of health within a larger population-level, rather than individual-level health issues.  The main focus of the association is intervention to prevent rather than treat a disease through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviours.  In many cases treating a disease may be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an outbreak of an infectious disease.   In addition, NAOWA also carries out a periodic enlightenment campaign on hand washing, vaccination programme, and environmental sanitation to improve lives through the prevention and treatment of diseases.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the main focus of the association?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the main focus of the association?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treat a disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the main focus of the association is intervention to prevent rather than treat a disease?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the main focus of the association?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: __

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cash, drugs, treated mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hand washing,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: cash,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: healthy behaviours.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: diseases.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treatment

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: prevention and treatment of diseases.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: hand washing,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: motherless, elderly and destitute.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hand washing,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cash, drugs, treated mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: cash, drugs, treated mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: healthy behaviours.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviours.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: intervention to prevent rather than treat a disease

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: maternity centre

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: mosquito nets

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: mosquito nets

text: For an adult patient with isolated hematuria, tests such as ultrasound of the kidney and cystoscopy are usually done first to pinpoint the source of the bleeding. These tests would rule out kidney stones and bladder cancer, two other common urological causes of hematuria. In children and younger adults, the history and association with respiratory infection can raise the suspicion of IgA nephropathy. A kidney biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The biopsy specimen shows proliferation of the mesangium, with IgA deposits on immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. However, patients with isolated microscopic hematuria (i.e. without associated proteinuria and with normal kidney function) are not usually biopsied since this is associated with an excellent prognosis. A urinalysis will show red blood cells, usually as red cell urinary casts. Proteinuria, usually less than 2 grams per day, also may be present. Other renal causes of isolated hematuria include thin basement membrane disease and Alport syndrome, the latter being a hereditary disease associated with hearing impairment and eye problems.

text: For an adult patient with isolated

text: hematuria

text: , tests such as

text: ultrasound

text: of the kidney and

text: cystoscopy

text: are usually done first to pinpoint the source of the

text: bleeding

text: . These tests would rule out

text: kidney stones

text: and

text: bladder cancer

text: , two other common

text: urological

text: causes of hematuria. In children and younger adults, the history and association with respiratory infection can raise the suspicion of IgA nephropathy. A kidney

text: biopsy

text: is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The biopsy specimen shows proliferation of the

text: mesangium

text: , with IgA deposits on

text: immunofluorescence

text: and

text: electron microscopy

text: . However, patients with isolated

text: microscopic hematuria

text: (i.e. without associated proteinuria and with normal

text: kidney function

text: ) are not usually biopsied since this is associated with an excellent

text: prognosis

text: . A

text: urinalysis

text: will show

text: red blood cells

text: , usually as red cell

text: urinary casts

text: Proteinuria

text: , usually less than 2 grams per day, also may be present. Other

text: renal

text: causes of isolated hematuria include

text: thin basement membrane disease

text: and

text: Alport syndrome

text: , the latter being a

text: hereditary disease

text: associated with

text: hearing impairment

text: and eye problems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory infection can raise the suspicion of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of isolated hematuria?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesangium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a cause of isolated hematuria?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter the blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: hematuria

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why do you need both kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is NOT the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is hematuria?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: normal kidney function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a common urological cause of isolated hematuria?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mesangium

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cystoscopy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cystic

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory infection

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney stones and bladder cancer,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: red cell urinary casts.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mesangium,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: red cell urinary casts.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: thin basement membrane disease and Alport syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: bleeding.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney stones and bladder cancer,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney stones and bladder cancer,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bladder cancer,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: mesangium,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinalysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney stones and bladder cancer,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: thin basement membrane disease and Alport syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: normal kidney function)

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: IgA nephropathy.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder cancer,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney stones and bladder cancer,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: mesangium,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: cystoscopy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cystoscopy

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Members of the Eucestoda have no mouth or digestive tract, and instead absorb nutrients through a layer of microtriches over the tegument at the shared body wall surface. In addition to the body wall, several other systems are common to the whole length of the tapeworm, including excretory canals, nerve fibers, and longitudinal muscles. The excretory system is responsible for osmoregulation and consists of blind-ending flame bulbs communicating through a duct system. The nervous system, often referred to as a "ladder system," is a system of longitudinal connectives and transverse ring commissures.

text: Members of the Eucestoda have no mouth or digestive tract, and instead absorb nutrients through a layer of

text: microtriches

text: over the tegument at the shared body wall surface. In addition to the body wall, several other systems are common to the whole length of the tapeworm, including excretory canals, nerve fibers, and longitudinal muscles. The excretory system is responsible for osmoregulation and consists of blind-ending flame bulbs communicating through a duct system. The nervous system, often referred to as a "ladder system," is a system of longitudinal connectives and transverse ring commissures.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a system of longitudinal connectives and transverse ring commissures:

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: duct system

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: duct system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: absorb nutrients

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: blind-ending flame bulbs

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: duct system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the excretory system responsible for?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: duct system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory system is responsible for osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory canals

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: duct system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory canals, nerve fibers, and longitudinal muscles.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory canals,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: blind-ending flame bulbs communicating through a duct system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: nutrients

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The excretory system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: mouth or digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Eucestoda

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Eucestoda have no mouth or digestive tract,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blind-ending flame bulbs communicating through a duct system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory canals,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The nervous system,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory canals,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: osmoregulation and consists of blind-ending flame bulbs

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: osmoregulation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: duct system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: duct system.

text: Generally, penicillamine is the first treatment used. This binds copper (chelation) and leads to excretion of copper in the urine. Hence, monitoring of the amount of copper in the urine can be done to ensure a sufficiently high dose is taken. Penicillamine is not without problems: about 20% experience a side effect or complication of penicillamine treatment, such as drug-induced lupus (causing joint pains and a skin rash) or myasthenia (a nerve condition leading to muscle weakness). In those who presented with neurological symptoms, almost half experience a paradoxical worsening in their symptoms. While this phenomenon is observed in other treatments for Wilson's, it is usually taken as an indication for discontinuing penicillamine and commencing second-line treatment. Those intolerant to penicillamine may instead be commenced on trientine hydrochloride, which also has chelating properties. Some recommend trientine as first-line treatment, but experience with penicillamine is more extensive. A further agent, under clinical investigation by Wilson Therapeutics, with known activity in Wilson's disease is tetrathiomolybdate.  This is regarded as experimental, though some studies have shown a beneficial effect.

text: Generally,

text: penicillamine

text: is the first treatment used. This binds copper (

text: chelation

text: ) and leads to excretion of copper in the urine. Hence, monitoring of the amount of copper in the urine can be done to ensure a sufficiently high dose is taken. Penicillamine is not without problems: about 20% experience a side effect or complication of penicillamine treatment, such as drug-induced

text: lupus

text: (causing joint pains and a skin rash) or

text: myasthenia

text: (a nerve condition leading to muscle weakness). In those who presented with neurological symptoms, almost half experience a paradoxical worsening in their symptoms. While this phenomenon is observed in other treatments for Wilson's, it is usually taken as an indication for discontinuing penicillamine and commencing second-line treatment. Those intolerant to penicillamine may instead be commenced on

text: trientine hydrochloride

text: , which also has chelating properties. Some recommend trientine as first-line treatment, but experience with penicillamine is more extensive. A further agent, under clinical investigation by

text: Wilson Therapeutics

text: , with known activity in Wilson's disease is

text: tetrathiomolybdate

text: .  This is regarded as experimental, though some studies have shown a beneficial effect.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: trientine hydrochloride

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day does the kidney filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are there?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion of copper

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ, the bladder or the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: trientine hydrochloride

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: chelation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: monitoring of the amount of copper in the urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion of copper in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion of copper in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tetrathiomolybdate.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 20%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: tetrathiomolybdate.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: penicillamine is the first treatment used. This binds copper

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion of copper in the urine.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion of copper

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: penicillamine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: copper

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: penicillamine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: muscle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine.

text: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is therapy that replaces the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys. It is used when the kidneys are not working well, which is called  renal failure and includes acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration, which are various ways of filtration of blood with or without machine. Renal replacement therapy also includes kidney transplantation, which is the ultimate form of replacement in that the old kidney is replaced by a donor kidney.

text: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is

text: therapy

text: that replaces the normal

text: blood

text: -filtering function of the

text: kidney

text: s. It is used when the kidneys are not working well, which is called

text: renal failure

text: and includes

text: acute kidney injury

text: and

text: chronic kidney disease

text: . Renal replacement therapy includes

text: dialysis

text: hemodialysis

text: or

text: peritoneal dialysis

text: hemofiltration

text: , and

text: hemodiafiltration

text: , which are various ways of filtration of blood with or without machine. Renal replacement therapy also includes

text: kidney transplantation

text: , which is the ultimate form of replacement in that the old kidney is replaced by a

text: donor

text: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood enter the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the final form of replacement in that the old kidney is replaced in that the old kidney is

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood-flow

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood-filtering function of the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Why is renal replacement therapy important?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: blood

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hemodiafiltration

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: blood-filtering

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney, or kidney transplant?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemofiltration

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal failure and includes acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hemofiltration,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: filtration of blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: blood-filtering

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: donor kidney.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal failure

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemodiafiltration,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: blood-filtering

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney transplantation,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hemofiltration,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemofiltration,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: peritoneal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys.

text: Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD), or simply mucoepithelial dysplasia, is a rare autosomal dominant multiepithelial disorder causing systemic maldevelopment of the epithelia and mucous membranes that line the surface of tissues and structures throughout the body, particularly affecting systems affiliated with mucosa, which includes the respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive and immune systems. The disorder is attributed to improper formation of desmosomes and gap junctions, which prevents proper cornification of the epithelial layer of the skin.

text: Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD), or simply mucoepithelial dysplasia, is a rare

text: autosomal

text: dominant

text: multiepithelial disorder causing systemic maldevelopment of the

text: epithelia

text: and

text: mucous membrane

text: s that line the surface of

text: tissues

text: and structures throughout the body, particularly affecting systems affiliated with mucosa, which includes the

text: respiratory

text: digestive

text: urinary

text: reproductive

text: and

text: immune system

text: s. The disorder is attributed to improper formation of

text: desmosome

text: s and

text: gap junction

text: s, which prevents proper

text: cornification

text: of the epithelial layer of the skin.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: mucosa

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: epithelium

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: mucosa

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: multiepithelial

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: desmosomes

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary, reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary, reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: desmosomes and gap junctions,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: digestive, urinary, reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary, reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary, reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive and immune

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: multiepithelial disorder

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: gap junctions,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary, reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: improper formation of desmosomes and gap junctions,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: desmosomes

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: desmosomes and gap junctions,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: digestive, urinary, reproductive and immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: mucosa,

text: Several performance artists have attempted to "contribute" to the piece by urinating in it.South African born artist Kendell Geers, rose to international notoriety in 1993 when, at a show in Venice, he urinated into the Fountain. Artist / musician Brian Eno declared successfully urinating in the Fountain while exhibited in the MOMA in 1993. He admitted that it was only a technical triumph because he needed to urinate in a tube in advance so he could get the fluid through a gap between the protective glass. Swedish artist Björn Kjelltoft urinated in the Fountain at Moderna Museet in Stockholm in 1999.

text: Several performance artists have attempted to "contribute" to the piece by urinating in it.South African born artist

text: Kendell Geers

text: , rose to international notoriety in 1993 when, at a show in Venice, he urinated into the Fountain. Artist / musician

text: Brian Eno

text: declared successfully urinating in the Fountain while exhibited in the MOMA in 1993. He admitted that it was only a technical triumph because he needed to urinate in a tube in advance so he could get the fluid through a gap between the protective glass. Swedish artist Björn Kjelltoft urinated in the Fountain at

text: Moderna Museet

text: in Stockholm in 1999.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: MOMA in 1993.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the Fountain?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the Fountain?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Fountain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a tube

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinating

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: the bladder, the ureters, or the fountain?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the Fountain

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinating

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinating in it.South African born artist Kendell Geers,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: fluid through a gap between the protective glass.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tube

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: gap between the protective glass.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Fountain.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinate in a tube in advance

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Fountain.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Fountain.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Fountain.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Several performance artists have attempted to "contribute"

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: glass.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: fluid through a gap between the protective glass.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: gap between the protective glass.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: 1993.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Fountain.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: fluid

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Fountain.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: fluid through a gap between the protective glass.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: fluid through a gap between the protective glass.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinate in a tube

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 1993.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: tube

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tube

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: tube

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: fluid through a gap between the protective glass.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinate in a tube

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tube

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: fluid

text: Renal physiology is the study of kidney function, while nephrology is the medical specialty concerned with kidney diseases. Diseases of the kidney are diverse, but individuals with kidney disease frequently display characteristic clinical features. Common clinical conditions involving the kidney include the nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, renal cysts, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection, nephrolithiasis, and urinary tract obstruction. Various cancers of the kidney exist. The most common adult renal cancer is renal cell carcinoma. Cancers, cysts, and some other renal conditions can be managed with removal of the kidney. This is known as nephrectomy. When renal function, measured by the glomerular filtration rate, is persistently poor, dialysis and kidney transplantation may be treatment options. Although they are not normally harmful, kidney stones can be extremely painful.

text: Renal physiology

text: is the study of kidney function, while

text: nephrology

text: is the medical specialty concerned with

text: kidney disease

text: s. Diseases of the kidney are diverse, but individuals with kidney disease frequently display characteristic clinical features. Common clinical conditions involving the kidney include the

text: nephritic

text: and

text: nephrotic syndrome

text: s,

text: renal cyst

text: s,

text: acute kidney injury

text: chronic kidney disease

text: urinary tract infection

text: nephrolithiasis

text: , and

text: urinary tract obstruction

text: . Various cancers of the kidney exist. The most common adult renal cancer is

text: renal cell carcinoma

text: . Cancers, cysts, and some other renal conditions can be managed with removal of the kidney. This is known as

text: nephrectomy

text: . When

text: renal function

text: , measured by the

text: glomerular filtration rate

text: , is persistently poor,

text: dialysis

text: and

text: kidney transplantation

text: may be treatment options. Although they are not normally harmful,

text: kidney stone

text: s can be extremely painful.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the most common adult renal cancer?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the most common adult renal cancer?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the most common adult renal cancer?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the most common adult renal cancer?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the most common adult renal cancer?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary tract obstruction

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system: bladder, kidney, or nephrology?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Renal physiology is the study of kidney function,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary tract infection,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: glomerular filtration rate, is persistently poor, dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney transplantation

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: glomerular filtration rate,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: There is no FDA-approved treatment. However, it has been shown that mild to moderate dietary restrictions slow the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). If and when the disease progresses enough in a given case, the nephrologist or other practitioner and the patient will have to decide what form of renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease (kidney failure, typically stage 4 or 5 of chronic kidney disease).

text: There is no FDA-approved treatment. However, it has been shown that mild to moderate dietary restrictions slow the progression of

entity_name: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

text: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

text: (ADPKD). If and when the disease progresses enough in a given case, the

text: nephrologist

text: or other practitioner and the patient will have to decide what form of

text: renal replacement therapy

text: will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease (

text: kidney failure

text: , typically stage 4 or 5 of chronic kidney disease).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of the respiratory system, respiratory system, and respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does ADPKD mean?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine contain?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does ADPKD mean?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is polycystic kidney disease?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycyst

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dietary restrictions

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: mild to moderate dietary restrictions

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: (kidney failure,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dietary restrictions

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: FDA-approved treatment.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 4 or 5

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal replacement therapy will be used to treat end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: end-stage kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: FDA-approved treatment.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephrologist

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephrologist

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: (kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephrologist

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephrologist

text: In terms of ions, however, there does seem to be a discrepancy between ionic concentrations found in the seawater and those found within cephalopods. In general, it seems as though they maintain hypoionic concentrations of sodium, calcium and chloride in contrast to the saltwater. Sulfate and potassium exist in a hypoionic state as well, with the exception of the excretory systems of cephalopods where the urine is hyperionic. These ions are free to diffuse, and because they exist in hypoionic concentrations within the organism, they would be moving into the organism from the seawater. The fact that the organism can maintain hypoionic concentrations suggests not only that a form of ionic regulation exists within cephalopods, but that they also actively excrete certain ions such as potassium and sulfate in order to maintain homeostasis.

text: In terms of

text: ions

text: , however, there does seem to be a discrepancy between ionic concentrations found in the seawater and those found within cephalopods. In general, it seems as though they maintain hypoionic concentrations of sodium, calcium and chloride in contrast to the saltwater. Sulfate and potassium exist in a hypoionic state as well, with the exception of the excretory systems of cephalopods where the urine is hyperionic. These ions are free to diffuse, and because they exist in hypoionic concentrations within the organism, they would be moving into the organism from the seawater. The fact that the organism can maintain hypoionic concentrations suggests not only that a form of ionic regulation exists within cephalopods, but that they also actively excrete certain ions such as potassium and sulfate in order to maintain

text: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypoionic

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete certain ions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: hypoionic

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hypoionic state

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hypoionic

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete certain ions

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hyperionic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hyperionic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: cephalopods where the urine is hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: seawater.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: the urine is hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: the urine is hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ions, however, there does seem to be a discrepancy

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: ions,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the urine is hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: actively excrete

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory systems

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine is hyperionic.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: Embryologically, the bladder is derived from the urogenital sinus, and it is initially continuous with the allantois. In human males, the base of the bladder lies between the rectum and the pubic symphysis. It is superior to the prostate, and separated from the rectum by the rectovesical excavation. In females, the bladder sits inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina. It is separated from the uterus by the vesicouterine excavation. In infants and young children, the urinary bladder is in the abdomen even when empty.

text: Embryologically, the bladder is derived from the

text: urogenital sinus

text: , and it is initially continuous with the

text: allantois

text: . In human males, the base of the bladder lies between the rectum and the pubic symphysis. It is superior to the

text: prostate

text: , and separated from the

text: rectum

text: by the

text: rectovesical excavation

text: . In females, the bladder sits inferior to the

text: uterus

text: and anterior to the

text: vagina

text: . It is separated from the uterus by the

text: vesicouterine excavation

text: . In

text: infants

text: and young children, the urinary bladder is in the abdomen even when empty.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is the base of the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not possible to tell

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: allantois

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: in the abdomen even when empty

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the base of the bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urogenital sinus

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vagina

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the bladder

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the urinary bladder is in the abdomen even when empty.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: uterus by the vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urogenital sinus,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: rectovesical excavation.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urogenital sinus,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urogenital sinus,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: rectovesical excavation.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urogenital sinus,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: vesicouterine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: rectovesical

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urogenital sinus,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: In normal individuals, a 25 g oral dose of D-xylose will be absorbed and excreted in the urine at approximately 4.5 g in 5 hours. A decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose is seen in conditions involving the GI mucosa, such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and Whipple's disease. In cases of bacterial overgrowth, the values of D-xylose absorption return to normal after treatment with antibiotics. In contrast, if the D-xylose urinary excretion is not normal after a course of antibiotics, then the problem must be due to a non-infectious cause of malabsorption (i.e., celiac disease).

text: In normal individuals, a 25 g oral dose of D-xylose will be absorbed and excreted in the urine at approximately 4.5 g in 5 hours. A decreased urinary excretion of D-xylose is seen in conditions involving the GI mucosa, such as

text: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

text: and

text: Whipple's disease

text: . In cases of bacterial overgrowth, the values of D-xylose absorption return to normal after treatment with

text: antibiotic

text: s. In contrast, if the D-xylose urinary excretion is not normal after a course of antibiotics, then the problem must be due to a non-infectious cause of malabsorption (i.e.,

text: celiac disease

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is excreted in the urine?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Why is urine excreted?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion of D-xylose

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: GI

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: malabsorption

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: small intestinal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: xylose

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Whipple's disease

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: absorbed and excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 4.5 g in 5 hours.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: celiac disease).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 4.5 g in 5 hours.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 4.5 g in 5 hours.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: non-infectious cause of malabsorption

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: celiac disease).

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: D-xylose

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: GI mucosa,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: GI

text: In spite of his speedy and remarkable recovery from the spinal injury he received in the train accident in 1899, Albert Johnson continued to feel the effects of his injury for the rest of his life. Although he regained the ability to walk, he suffered from partial paralysis below the waist, specifically paralysis of the excretory organs. His paralysis was such that Johnson was forced to catheterize himself multiple times every day to assist in his ability to urinate, and keep meticulous records of his daily fluid intake and output in order to monitor his own health.

text: In spite of his speedy and remarkable recovery from the spinal injury he received in the train accident in 1899, Albert Johnson continued to feel the effects of his injury for the rest of his life. Although he regained the ability to walk, he suffered from partial paralysis below the waist, specifically paralysis of the excretory organs. His paralysis was such that Johnson was forced to catheterize himself multiple times every day to assist in his ability to urinate, and keep meticulous records of his daily fluid intake and output in order to monitor his own health.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or excretory organs?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times did Albert Johnson catheterize himself to assist in his ability to urinate?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: assist in his ability to urinate

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory organs

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spinal

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the excretory organs?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Albert Johnson have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: catheterization

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: catheterize himself

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: partial paralysis below the waist

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, excretory, or urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: catheterize

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinate,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: catheterize

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: paralysis of the excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: paralysis of the excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: health.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: multiple times every day to assist in his ability to urinate,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: assist in his ability to urinate,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1899,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: catheterize

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 1899,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: catheterize himself multiple times every day

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: catheterize himself multiple times every day

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinate,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: paralysis of the excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: paralysis of the excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: catheterize

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: catheterize

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: catheterize

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: catheterize

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: These various fluid-filled spaces, in addition to transporting nutrients around the body, also function as both a respiratory and an excretory system. Oxygen is absorbed primarily through the tube feet, which are the most thin-walled parts of the body, while waste is collected by phagocytic coelomocytes.

text: These various fluid-filled spaces, in addition to transporting nutrients around the body, also function as both a respiratory and an excretory system. Oxygen is absorbed primarily through the tube feet, which are the most thin-walled parts of the body, while waste is collected by

text: phagocytic

text: coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: what is the first word in the passage?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tube feet

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: tube feet

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: respiratory

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tube

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: the tube feet

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Oxygen is absorbed primarily through the tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phagocytic coelomocytes.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: tube feet,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: tube feet,

text: Another study demonstrated that skeletal muscle fibres of collagen VI knockout mice showed signs of degeneration due to an insufficiency of autophagy which led to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive cell death. Exercise-induced autophagy was unsuccessful however; but when autophagy was induced artificially post-exercise, the accumulation of damaged organelles in collagen VI deficient muscle fibres was prevented and cellular homeostasis was maintained. Both studies demonstrate that autophagy induction may contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise and that it is essential in the maintaining of muscle homeostasis during exercise, particularly in collagen VI fibres.

text: Another study demonstrated that

text: skeletal muscle

text: fibres of

text: collagen VI

text: knockout mice showed signs of degeneration due to an insufficiency of autophagy which led to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive

text: cell death

text: . Exercise-induced autophagy was unsuccessful however; but when autophagy was induced artificially post-exercise, the accumulation of damaged organelles in

text: collagen VI

text: deficient muscle fibres was prevented and cellular homeostasis was maintained. Both studies demonstrate that autophagy induction may contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise and that it is essential in the maintaining of muscle homeostasis during exercise, particularly in collagen VI fibres.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the skin, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood and return it to the body.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is the purpose of this passage?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: cellular homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificially

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: skeletal muscle fibres

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: skeletal muscle fibres

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: mitochondria and excessive cell death. Exercise-induced autophagy

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: insufficiency of autophagy

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: death.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: insufficiency of autophagy

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: collagen VI

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: VI

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: insufficiency of autophagy

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: collagen VI fibres.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: induced artificially post-exercise,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: accumulation of damaged mitochondria and excessive cell death.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: skeletal muscle fibres

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Exercise-induced autophagy

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: autophagy

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mitochondria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: autophagy was induced artificially post-exercise,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: skeletal muscle fibres of collagen VI

text: The Special Forces communications sergeant has to learn U.S. communication systems as well as those systems found throughout the world. He must incorporate this information and technology into his communications planning, and teach it to the other members of his ODA. Communications sergeants have a thorough grounding in communication basics, communications procedures, computer technology; assembly and systems applications.They must understand communication theory – how to install, operate and maintain radio systems across all bands. They must be able to make communications in voice to data, and to read voice and data radio nets by using computer systems and networks.Communications sergeants are experts in sending and receiving messages to link the SFODA with its command and control elements. They are familiar with antenna theory, radio wave propagation and how to teach it to others. Communications sergeants prepare the communications portion of area studies, briefbacks and operation plans and orders. They can recruit, organize, train and advise or command indigenous combat forces up to company size.The course provides training in computer applications, satellite radios and satellite and antenna theory and radio wave propagation. Soldiers learn how to construct field-expedient antennas, employing communications procedures and techniques and communicate throughout the HF, VHF and UHF spectrums, all culminating with a field training exercise. The course goal is to develop a world-class SF Communicator capable of employing, accessing and familiar with SF, joint and interagency communications.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ODA.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: ODA.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: operate and maintain radio systems

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: company size.The

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: radio wave propagation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ODA.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ODA.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: ODA.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: The Special Forces communications sergeant

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ODA.

text: Surgical intervention may be required but it depends on what organ systems are affected by the wound and the extent of the damage. It is important for care providers to thoroughly check the wound site inasmuch as a laceration of an artery often results in delayed complications sometimes leading to death. In cases where there is no suspicion of bleeding or infection, there is no known benefit of surgery to correct any present injuries. Typically a surgeon will track the path of the weapon to determine the anatomical structures that were damaged and repair any damage they deem necessary. Surgical packing of the wounds is generally not the favored technique to control bleeding as it can less useful then fixing the directly effected organs. In severe cases when homeostasis cannot be maintained the use of damage control surgery may be utilized.

text: Surgical intervention

text: may be required but it depends on what

text: organ system

text: s are affected by the wound and the extent of the damage. It is important for care providers to thoroughly check the wound site inasmuch as a

text: laceration

text: of an

text: artery

text: often results in delayed complications sometimes leading to

text: death

text: . In cases where there is no suspicion of bleeding or infection, there is no known benefit of surgery to correct any present injuries. Typically a

text: surgeon

text: will track the path of the weapon to determine the anatomical structures that were damaged and repair any damage they deem necessary. Surgical packing of the wounds is generally not the favored technique to control bleeding as it can less useful then fixing the directly effected organs. In severe cases when

text: homeostasis

text: cannot be maintained the use of

text: damage control surgery

text: may be utilized.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organ systems are affected by the wound and the extent of the damage?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys then filter the waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: what is the last organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are correct

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no known benefit

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: what is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Surgical packing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: a laceration of an artery

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: a laceration of an artery

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Surgical intervention

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: a laceration of an artery

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: homeostasis cannot be maintained

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: a laceration of an artery

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Surgical intervention

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: damage control surgery

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Surgical intervention

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: fixing the directly effected organs.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: surgery

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Surgical intervention

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: there is no known benefit of surgery to correct any present injuries.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Surgical packing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: artery

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: artery

text: In addition to the pericardial glands and nephridum, excretory cells are also present in the digestive glands opening into the stomach. These glands have a metabolic function, somewhat similar to that of the vertebrate liver, and excrete waste products directly into the digestive system, where it is voided with the faeces.

text: In addition to the pericardial glands and nephridum, excretory cells are also present in the digestive glands opening into the

text: stomach

text: . These glands have a metabolic function, somewhat similar to that of the vertebrate

text: liver

text: , and excrete waste products directly into the digestive system, where it is voided with the

text: faeces

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which glands have a metabolic function, somewhat similar to that of the vertebrate liver?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pericardial glands

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive glands

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pericardial gland

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory cells

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Nephridum

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridum

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridum

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephridum

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridum

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridum

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: digestive glands

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory cells are also present in the digestive glands

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: pericardial glands and nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: pericardial glands and nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory cells are also present in the digestive glands

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: waste products

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: faeces.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pericardial glands and nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: vertebrate liver,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: pericardial glands and nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excrete waste products directly into the digestive system,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excrete waste products

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory cells are also present in the digestive glands

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephridum,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephridum,

text: Shen Chuyi (Rui En) is a happy-go-lucky girl who, since she was a child, has seen how much her father has suffered from kidney dialysis. Thus, she has cultivated the good habit of eating healthily, and often reminds people around her to maintain a healthy diet. Chuyi works in the events company of Yu Yang (Pierre Png), the fiancé of her bosom friend, Cai Jiayi. The three of them volunteer regularly in the charity activities of NKF.

text: Shen Chuyi (

text: Rui En

text: ) is a happy-go-lucky girl who, since she was a child, has seen how much her father has suffered from kidney dialysis. Thus, she has cultivated the good habit of eating healthily, and often reminds people around her to maintain a healthy diet. Chuyi works in the events company of Yu Yang (

text: Pierre Png

text: ), the fiancé of her bosom friend, Cai Jiayi. The three of them volunteer regularly in the charity activities of NKF.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney dialysis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does Shen Chuyi's father suffer?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last word in the passage

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of kidney dialysis?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney dialysis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Shen Chuyi have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does Shen Chuyi's father suffer from?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Shen Chuyi

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Yu Yang

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: eating healthily,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Yu Yang

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: eating healthily,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney dialysis.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Tunicates lack the kidney-like metanephridial organs typical of deuterostomes. Most have no excretory structures, but rely on the diffusion of ammonia across their tissues to rid themselves of nitrogenous waste, though some have a simple excretory system. The typical renal organ is a mass of large clear-walled vesicles that occupy the rectal loop, and the structure has no duct. Each vesicle is a remnant of a part of the primitive coelom, and its cells extract nitrogenous waste matter from circulating blood. They accumulate the wastes inside the vesicles as urate crystals, and do not have any obvious means of disposing of the material during their lifetimes.

text: Tunicates lack the kidney-like

text: metanephridial

text: organs typical of

text: deuterostome

text: s. Most have no excretory structures, but rely on the diffusion of

text: ammonia

text: across their tissues to rid themselves of nitrogenous waste, though some have a simple excretory system. The typical

text: renal

text: organ is a mass of large clear-walled

text: vesicles

text: that occupy the rectal loop, and the structure has no duct. Each vesicle is a remnant of a part of the primitive coelom, and its cells extract nitrogenous waste matter from circulating blood. They accumulate the wastes inside the vesicles as

text: urate crystals

text: , and do not have any obvious means of disposing of the material during their lifetimes.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: vesicle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory structures

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: renal organ

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: large clear-walled vesicles

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory structures

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: accumulate the wastes inside the vesicles as urate crystals

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: coelom

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal organ

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: duct

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: some have a simple excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: circulating blood.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: vesicle

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: duct.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urate crystals,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: some have a simple excretory system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogenous waste,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: circulating blood.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: extract nitrogenous waste matter from circulating blood.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: circulating blood.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney-like metanephridial organs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Each vesicle

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: duct.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: duct.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urate crystals,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: extract nitrogenous waste matter from circulating blood.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: They accumulate the wastes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Tunicates

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: duct.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: duct.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney-like

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: circulating blood.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: duct.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: Regulation of serum potassium is a function of intake, appropriate distribution between intracellular and extracellular compartments, and effective bodily excretion. In healthy individuals, homeostasis is maintained when cellular uptake and kidney excretion naturally counterbalance a patient’s dietary intake of potassium. When kidney function becomes compromised, the ability of the body to effectively regulate serum potassium via the kidney declines. To compensate for this deficit in function, the colon increases its potassium secretion as part of an adaptive response. However, serum potassium remains elevated as the colonic compensating mechanism reaches its limits.

text: Regulation of serum potassium is a function of intake, appropriate distribution between intracellular and extracellular compartments, and effective bodily excretion. In healthy individuals, homeostasis is maintained when cellular uptake and kidney excretion naturally counterbalance a patient’s dietary intake of potassium. When kidney function becomes compromised, the ability of the body to effectively regulate serum potassium via the kidney declines. To compensate for this deficit in function, the colon increases its potassium secretion as part of an adaptive response. However, serum potassium remains elevated as the colonic compensating mechanism reaches its limits.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is made up of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, the colon, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does the colon increase its potassium secretion?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Which of the following is not a function of intake?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: serum potassium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulate serum potassium

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: colon

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the colon increase its potassium secretion as part of an adaptive response?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does a kidney have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What happens to the water filtered out of the blood by nephrons?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: naturally counterbalance a patient’s dietary intake of potassium

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the colon increases its potassium secretion as part of an adaptive response

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does the colon increase its potassium secretion as part of an adaptive response?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the colon increases its potassium secretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: colon

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: serum potassium

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulate serum potassium

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: cellular uptake and kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: colon

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: colon

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: potassium

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: colon increases its potassium secretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: naturally counterbalance a patient’s dietary intake of potassium.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the ability of the body to effectively regulate serum potassium

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: the ability of the body to effectively regulate serum potassium

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: colon

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: potassium.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: colon

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: A poikilotherm () is an organism whose internal temperature varies considerably.  It is the opposite of a homeotherm, an organism which maintains thermal homeostasis.  Usually the variation is a consequence of variation in the ambient environmental temperature. Many terrestrial ectotherms are poikilothermic. However some ectotherms remain in temperature-constant environments to the point that they are actually able to maintain a constant internal temperature (i.e. are homeothermic).  It is this distinction that often makes the term "poikilotherm" more useful than the vernacular "cold-blooded", which is sometimes used to refer to ectotherms more generally.

text: A poikilotherm () is an

text: organism

text: whose internal temperature varies considerably.  It is the opposite of a

text: homeotherm

text: , an organism which maintains

text: thermal

text: homeostasis

text: .  Usually the variation is a consequence of variation in the

text: ambient environmental temperature

text: . Many terrestrial

text: ectotherm

text: s are poikilothermic. However some ectotherms remain in temperature-constant environments to the point that they are actually able to maintain a constant internal temperature (i.e. are

text: homeotherm

text: ic).  It is this distinction that often makes the term "poikilotherm" more useful than the vernacular "cold-blooded", which is sometimes used to refer to

text: ectotherm

text: s more generally.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What is the opposite of a homeotherm?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the opposite of poikilotherm?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hypokalemia

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: spleen

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the opposite of a homeotherm?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: thermal homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintains thermal homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: thermal homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: A poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: homeotherm, an organism which maintains thermal homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: poikilotherm

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: poikilotherm

text: P2X receptors are expressed in cells from a wide variety of animal tissues. On presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve terminals and glial cells throughout the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, P2X receptors have been shown to modulate synaptic transmission. Furthermore, P2X receptors are able to initiate contraction in cells of the heart muscle, skeletal muscle, and various smooth muscle tissues, including that of the vasculature, vas deferens and urinary bladder. P2X receptors are also expressed on leukocytes, including lymphocytes and macrophages, and are present on blood platelets. There is some degree of subtype specificity as to which P2X receptor subtypes are expressed on specific cell types, with P2X receptors being particularly prominent in smooth muscle cells, and P2X being widespread throughout the autonomic nervous system. However, such trends are very general and there is considerable overlap in subunit distribution, with most cell types expressing more than one subunits. For example, P2X and P2X subunits are commonly found co-expressed in sensory neurons, where they often co-assemble into functional P2X receptors.

text: P2X receptors are expressed in cells from a wide variety of animal

text: tissues

text: . On presynaptic and postsynaptic

text: nerve terminals

text: and

text: glial

text: cells throughout the

text: central

text: peripheral

text: and

text: autonomic

text: nervous systems, P2X receptors have been shown to modulate

text: synaptic transmission

text: . Furthermore, P2X receptors are able to initiate

text: contraction

text: in cells of the

text: heart muscle

text: skeletal muscle

text: , and various

text: smooth muscle

text: tissues, including that of the

text: vasculature

text: vas deferens

text: and

text: urinary bladder

text: . P2X receptors are also expressed on

text: leukocytes

text: , including lymphocytes and macrophages, and are present on blood

text: platelet

text: s. There is some degree of subtype specificity as to which P2X receptor subtypes are expressed on specific cell types, with P2X receptors being particularly prominent in smooth muscle cells, and P2X being widespread throughout the autonomic nervous system. However, such trends are very general and there is considerable overlap in subunit distribution, with most cell types expressing more than one subunits. For example, P2X and P2X subunits are commonly found co-expressed in

text: sensory neuron

text: s, where they often co-assemble into functional P2X receptors.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: skeletal muscle

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: smooth muscle tissue

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Vasculature

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: vasculature,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: vas deferens and urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: vasculature,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: P2X receptors

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: more than one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: heart muscle, skeletal muscle, and various smooth muscle tissues,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: P2X receptors have been shown to modulate synaptic transmission.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: smooth muscle

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: P2X receptors are able to initiate contraction

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: P2X receptors are able to initiate contraction

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: smooth muscle tissues,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: P2X receptors

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: vas deferens and urinary bladder.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: vas deferens

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder.

text: Generally, humans can live normally with just one kidney, as one has more functioning renal tissue than is needed to survive. Only when the amount of functioning kidney tissue is greatly diminished does one develop chronic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy, in the form of dialysis or kidney transplantation, is indicated when the glomerular filtration rate has fallen very low or if the renal dysfunction leads to severe symptoms.

text: Generally, humans can live normally with just one kidney, as one has more functioning renal tissue than is needed to survive. Only when the amount of functioning kidney tissue is greatly diminished does one develop

text: chronic kidney disease

text: Renal replacement therapy

text: , in the form of

text: dialysis

text: or

text: kidney transplantation

text: , is indicated when the

text: glomerular filtration rate

text: has fallen very low or if the renal dysfunction leads to severe symptoms.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Renal replacement therapy

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: functioning renal tissue

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: renal dysfunction leads to severe symptoms

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: humans can live normally with just one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: one has more functioning renal tissue than is needed to survive.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Renal replacement therapy,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: one has more functioning renal tissue than is needed to survive.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtration rate

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: one kidney, as one has more functioning renal tissue

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: one has more functioning renal tissue

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: functioning renal tissue than is needed to survive.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the amount of functioning kidney tissue is greatly diminished

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: one kidney,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Renal replacement therapy,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomerular filtration

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney,

text: Some of the side effects from HAART that may affect how the body absorbs and utilizes nutrients include fatigue, nausea, and poor appetite.As well, the nutritional needs of people with HIV/AIDS are greater due to their immune system fighting off opportunistic infections that do not normally cause disease in people with healthy immune systems. Medication along with proper nutrition is a major component of maintaining good health and quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS.

text: Some of the side effects from HAART that may affect how the body absorbs and utilizes nutrients include

text: fatigue

text: nausea

text: , and poor appetite.As well, the nutritional needs of people with HIV/AIDS are greater due to their

text: immune system

text: fighting off

text: opportunistic infections

text: that do not normally cause disease in people with healthy immune systems. Medication along with proper nutrition is a major component of maintaining good health and quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does HAART do for the body?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: absorbs and utilizes nutrients

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: eat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: opportunistic infections

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: healthy immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: appetite.As

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: absorbs and utilizes nutrients

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: healthy immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: healthy immune systems.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: absorbs and utilizes nutrients

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Some of the side effects from HAART

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: HAART

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: immune system

text: Determining the cause of a metabolic acidosis that lacks a serum anion gap often depends on determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid. The urine anion gap is an 'artificial' and calculated measure that is representative of the unmeasured ions in urine. Usually the most important unmeasured ion in urine is NH since it is the most important form of acid excretion by the kidney.  Urine NH is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the anion chloride. A negative urine anion gap can be used as evidence of increased NH excretion.  In a metabolic acidosis without a serum anion gap:

text: Determining the cause of a metabolic acidosis that lacks a serum anion gap often depends on determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid. The urine anion gap is an 'artificial' and calculated measure that is representative of the unmeasured ions in urine. Usually the most important unmeasured ion in urine is

text: NH

text: since it is the most important form of acid excretion by the kidney.  Urine NH is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the anion chloride. A negative urine anion gap can be used as evidence of increased NH excretion.  In a metabolic acidosis without a serum anion gap:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system, the respiratory system, and the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What is the most important unmeasured ion in urine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the most important unmeasured ion in urine?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: acidosis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unmeasured ions in urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: serum

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver removes excess water and salts from the blood

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: appropriately excreting acid

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: inadequately excreting acid

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: anion chloride

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: acid.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: serum anion gap

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: acid.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: acid.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: acid.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine anion gap

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: acid.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: determining whether the kidney is appropriately excreting acid.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: serum anion gap

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: anion chloride.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine anion gap

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: serum anion gap

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that are now being found to be related.  As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their root cause despite the widely varying set of medical symptoms that are clinically visible in the disorders.  Ellis–van Creveld syndrome is one such  disease, part of an emerging class of diseases called ciliopathies.  The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary cilia structures of the cell, organelles which are present in many cellular types throughout the human body.  The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often multi-symptom nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases.  Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alstrom syndrome, Meckel–Gruber syndrome and some forms of retinal degeneration.

text: Until recently, the medical literature did not indicate a connection among many

text: genetic disorder

text: s, both

text: genetic syndromes

text: and

text: genetic diseases

text: , that are now being found to be related.  As a result of new genetic research, some of these are, in fact, highly related in their

text: root cause

text: despite the widely varying set of medical

text: symptoms

text: that are clinically visible in the

text: disorders

text: .  Ellis–van Creveld syndrome is one such  disease, part of an

text: emerging

text: class of diseases called

text: ciliopathies

text: .  The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary

text: cilia

text: structures of the

text: cell

text: organelle

text: s which are present in many cellular types throughout the

text: human

text: body.  The cilia defects adversely affect "numerous critical developmental signaling pathways" essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often

text: multi-symptom

text: nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases.  Known ciliopathies include

text: primary ciliary dyskinesia

text: Bardet–Biedl syndrome

text: polycystic kidney

text: and

text: liver disease

text: nephronophthisis

text: Alstrom syndrome

text: Meckel–Gruber syndrome

text: and some forms of

text: retinal degeneration

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cilia structures of the cell

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cellular development

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephronophthisis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephronophthisis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: cellular types throughout the human body.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: a dysfunctional molecular mechanism

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney and liver disease,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: retinal degeneration.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "numerous

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: polycystic

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: ciliopathies.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: polycystic kidney and liver disease,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephronophthisis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cilia

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephronophthisis,

text: Urine contains most (94% according to Wolgast) of the NPK nutrients excreted by the human body. The more general limitations to using urine as fertiliser depend mainly on the potential for buildup of excess nitrogen (due to the high ratio of that macronutrient), and inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, which are also part of the wastes excreted by the renal system. The degree to which these factors impact the effectiveness depends on the term of use, salinity tolerance of the plant, soil composition, addition of other fertilising compounds, and quantity of rainfall or other irrigation.

text: Urine contains most (94% according to Wolgast) of the

text: NPK

text: nutrients excreted by the human body. The more general limitations to using urine as fertiliser depend mainly on the potential for buildup of excess nitrogen (due to the high ratio of that macronutrient), and inorganic

text: salt

text: s such as

text: sodium chloride

text: , which are also part of the wastes excreted by the

text: renal system

text: . The degree to which these factors impact the effectiveness depends on the term of use, salinity tolerance of the plant, soil composition, addition of other fertilising compounds, and quantity of rainfall or other irrigation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted by the renal system

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: soil

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: inorganic salts

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium chloride

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sodium chloride,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: human body.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: NPK nutrients excreted by the human body.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: wastes excreted by the renal system.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the renal system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rainfall

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: (94%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine contains most (94% according to Wolgast)

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: sodium chloride,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: wastes excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: buildup of excess nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine contains most (94% according to Wolgast)

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium chloride,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Urine

text: As calculated by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, in order to maintain a normal pH of 7.4 in the blood (whereby the pKa of carbonic acid is 6.1 at physiological temperature), a 20:1 bicarbonate to carbonic acid must constantly be maintained; this homeostasis is mainly mediated by pH sensors in the medulla oblongata of the brain and probably in the kidneys, linked via negative feedback loops to effectors in the respiratory and renal systems. In the blood of most animals, the bicarbonate buffer system is coupled to the lungs via respiratory compensation, the process by which the rate of breathing changes to compensate for changes in the blood concentration of CO. By Le Chȃtlier’s Principle, the release of CO from the lungs pushes the reaction above to the left, causing carbonic anhydrase to form CO until all excess acid is removed. Bicarbonate concentration is also further regulated by renal compensation, the process by which the kidneys regulate the concentration of bicarbonate ions by excreting H ions into the urine while, at the same time, secreting HCO ions into the blood plasma, or vice versa, depending on whether the plasma pH is falling or rising, respectively.

text: As calculated by the

text: Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

text: , in order to maintain a normal pH of 7.4 in the blood (whereby the pKa of carbonic acid is 6.1 at physiological temperature), a 20:1 bicarbonate to carbonic acid must constantly be maintained; this

text: homeostasis

text: is mainly mediated by pH sensors in the

text: medulla oblongata

text: of the brain and probably in the

text: kidney

text: s, linked via negative feedback loops to effectors in the

text: respiratory

text: and

text: renal

text: systems. In the blood of most animals, the bicarbonate buffer system is coupled to the

text: lung

text: s via

text: respiratory compensation

text: , the process by which the rate of breathing changes to compensate for changes in the blood concentration of CO. By

text: Le Chȃtlier’s Principle

text: , the release of CO from the lungs pushes the reaction above to the left, causing carbonic anhydrase to form CO until all excess acid is removed. Bicarbonate concentration is also further regulated by

text: renal compensation

text: , the process by which the kidneys regulate the concentration of bicarbonate ions by excreting H ions into the urine while, at the same time, secreting HCO ions into the blood plasma, or vice versa, depending on whether the plasma pH is falling or rising, respectively.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: breathing changes to compensate for changes in the blood concentration of CO

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: respiratory compensation

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: bicarbonate concentration

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes excess acid

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete H ions

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: pH sensor

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excreting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate the concentration of bicarbonate ions

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting H ions into the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: HCO

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Renal compensation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: bicarbonate buffer system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: H ions into the urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: H ions into the urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: pH sensors in the medulla oblongata

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: bicarbonate ions

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting H ions into the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: pH of 7.4

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: CO

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 20:1

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: carbonic anhydrase

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Henderson-Hasselbalch

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: H ions into the urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting H ions into the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreting H ions into the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Henderson-Hasselbalch

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal compensation,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: H ions

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: respiratory compensation,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: medulla oblongata

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys,

text: The insect excretory system, responsible for regulating water balance in the insect, comprises the Malpighian tubules and the hindgut (the ileum and rectum). Malpighian tubules secrete primary urine, most of which is passed into the hindgut where water, ions and essential metabolites are reabsorbed before the fluid is excreted. Excretion is under the control of diuretic and anti-diuretic factors, or hormones, comprehensively reviewed by Coast et al. (2002).

text: The

text: insect

text: excretory system

text: , responsible for regulating water balance in the insect, comprises the

text: Malpighian tubules

text: and the

text: hindgut

text: (the

text: ileum

text: and

text: rectum

text: ). Malpighian tubules secrete primary

text: urine

text: , most of which is passed into the hindgut where water,

text: ion

text: s and essential metabolites are reabsorbed before the fluid is excreted. Excretion is under the control of

text: diuretic

text: and anti-diuretic factors, or

text: hormones

text: , comprehensively reviewed by Coast et al. (2002).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water balance

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: insect

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulating water balance

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ileum

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: diuretic

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ileum

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: insect excretory system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Malpighian tubules and the hindgut

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: ileum and rectum). Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Malpighian tubules secrete primary urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine, most of which is passed into the hindgut

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: diuretic and anti-diuretic factors, or hormones,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: regulating water balance

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: diuretic and anti-diuretic factors,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: (the ileum and rectum).

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: the Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hindgut

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: diuretic and anti-diuretic factors,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hindgut

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulating water balance

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diuretic and anti-diuretic factors,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Malpighian tubules secrete primary urine,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: (the ileum

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: tubules

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: (the ileum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ions

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: diuretic and anti-diuretic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Malpighian tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: (the ileum and rectum).

text: Some people have brief, isolated episodes of urinary difficulty in situations where other people are in close proximity.  Paruresis, however, goes beyond simple shyness, embarrassment, fear of exposure, or fear of being judged for not being able to urinate. Other people may find that they are unable to urinate while in moving vehicles, or are fixated on the sounds of their urination in quiet restrooms or residential settings. In severe cases, a person with paruresis can urinate only when alone at home or through the process of catheterization.

text: Some people have brief, isolated episodes of urinary difficulty in situations where other people are in close proximity.  Paruresis, however, goes beyond simple

text: shyness

text: embarrassment

text: , fear of exposure, or fear of being judged for not being able to urinate. Other people may find that they are unable to urinate while in moving vehicles, or are fixated on the sounds of their urination in quiet restrooms or residential settings. In severe cases, a person with paruresis can urinate only when alone at home or through the process of catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does a person with paruresis urinate

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: catheterization

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How do the kidneys filter blood in the body?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: how many nephrons does each kidney contain

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: catheterization

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: catheter

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary difficulty

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary difficulty in situations where other people are in close proximity.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary difficulty in situations where other people are in close proximity.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: sounds of their urination

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary difficulty

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinate only when alone at home or through the process of catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary difficulty in situations where other people are in close proximity.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Paruresis,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinary difficulty in situations where other people are in close proximity.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unable to urinate while in moving vehicles,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Paruresis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinate.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Paruresis,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: catheterization.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: catheterization.

text: Orotidine is a nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a β-N-glycosidic bond. It is found in bacteria, fungi and plants. It was first isolated in 1951 from the fungus Neurospora by A. Michael Michelson, William Drell, and Herschel K. Mitchell. In humans, orotidine occurs as its 5'-phosphate (orotidylic acid), which is an intermediate in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis (cytidine and uridine) that are found in nucleic acids. Orotidine itself is not a component of nucleic acid. Large amounts of orotidine are excreted in the urine of cancer patients treated with 6-azauridine.

text: Orotidine is a

text: nucleoside

text: formed by attaching

text: orotic acid

text: to a

text: ribose

text: ring via a β-N-

text: glycosidic bond

text: . It is found in

text: bacteria

text: fungi

text: and plants. It was first isolated in 1951 from the fungus

text: Neurospora

text: by A. Michael Michelson, William Drell, and Herschel K. Mitchell. In humans, orotidine occurs as its 5'-phosphate (

text: orotidylic acid

text: ), which is an intermediate in

text: pyrimidine

text: nucleotide biosynthesis (

text: cytidine

text: and

text: uridine

text: ) that are found in

text: nucleic acid

text: s. Orotidine itself is not a component of nucleic acid. Large amounts of orotidine are excreted in the urine of cancer patients treated with 6-azauridine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: uridine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Orotidine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Orotidine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine of cancer patients

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: cancer patients

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nucleic acid.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: <unk>-N-glycosidic bond.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: <unk>-N-glycosidic bond.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: orotidine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: <unk>-N-glycosidic bond.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine of cancer patients treated with 6-azauridine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: cancer patients treated with 6-azauridine.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Orotidine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ribose ring

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Orotidine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine of cancer patients treated with 6-azauridine.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Orotidine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Excreted toxins may help deter predators and bacteria which are drawn in by phytoplankton waste products. Phytoplankton are known to excrete waste metabolites into the surrounding environment. This is a potential source of reduced nutrients and carbon for bacteria and may act as a signal for predators which can detect and follow kairomone gradients in their environment. Excreted toxins would seem most advantageous to the individual cell in their ability to keep predators and/or parasitic and algicidal bacteria at a distance. However, continuous toxin production and excretion carries a metabolic cost.For excreted toxins to be effective, they must have a low molecular weight to rapidly diffuse in the marine environment and to be energetically cheap to produce. However, excreted toxins may not actually repel larger motile predators because molecular diffusivity is slow and turbulence at the millimeter scale is large in water. Excreted phycotoxins may act as repellents if their signal registers at the same speed as other signals that potential grazers can detect (kairomones), assuming both are encountered by a predator at the same time.Additionally, excreted toxins may be effective method of keeping harmful bacteria and other phytoplankton competitors outside of the phycotoxin producer's microzone of nutrients.

text: Excreted toxins may help deter predators and bacteria which are drawn in by phytoplankton waste products. Phytoplankton are known to excrete waste

text: metabolites

text: into the surrounding environment. This is a potential source of

text: reduced

text: nutrients and carbon for bacteria and may act as a signal for predators which can detect and follow

text: kairomone

text: gradients in their environment. Excreted toxins would seem most advantageous to the individual cell in their ability to keep predators and/or

text: parasitic

text: and

text: algicidal

text: bacteria at a distance. However, continuous toxin production and excretion carries a metabolic cost.For excreted toxins to be effective, they must have a low

text: molecular weight

text: to rapidly diffuse in the marine environment and to be energetically cheap to produce. However, excreted toxins may not actually repel larger

text: motile

text: predators because

text: molecular diffusivity

text: is slow and

text: turbulence

text: at the millimeter scale is large in water. Excreted phycotoxins may act as repellents if their signal registers at the same speed as other signals that potential grazers can detect (kairomones), assuming both are encountered by a predator at the same time.Additionally, excreted toxins may be effective method of keeping harmful bacteria and other phytoplankton competitors outside of the phycotoxin producer's microzone of nutrients.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does excreted toxins help deter predators and bacteria?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not an example of a urinary system organ?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: phycotoxins

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: phycotoxins

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Phytoplankton are known to excrete waste metabolites

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Phytoplankton are known to excrete waste metabolites

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excreted toxins may not actually repel larger motile predators

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kairomone gradients

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excreted toxins may not actually repel larger motile predators

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion carries a metabolic cost.For

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion carries a metabolic cost.For

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion carries a metabolic cost.For

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion carries a metabolic cost.For

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion carries a metabolic cost.For

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: phytoplankton

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: slow and turbulence at the millimeter scale

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kairomone gradients

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Excreted toxins

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excreted toxins may not actually repel larger motile predators

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kairomone gradients

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretion carries a metabolic cost.For

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion carries a metabolic cost.For

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Excreted toxins may help deter predators

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excreted toxins may not actually repel larger motile predators

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: kairomone

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: algicidal bacteria

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Phytoplankton are known to excrete waste metabolites

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kairomone

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretion

text: Urination is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. It is the urinary system's form of excretion. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, or, rarely, emiction, and known colloquially by various names including tinkling, peeing, weeing, whizzing and pissing.

text: Urination is the release of

text: urine

text: from the

text: urinary bladder

text: through the

text: urethra

text: to the outside of the body. It is the

text: urinary system

text: 's form of

text: excretion

text: . It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, or, rarely, emiction, and known colloquially by various names including tinkling, peeing, weeing, whizzing and pissing.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: whizzing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary bladder?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: whizzing

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urination is the release of urine from the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urethra to the outside of the body.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: release of urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Urination is the release of urine from the urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Urination is the release of urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urination

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

text: The urinary and reproductive tracts are closely linked, and disorders of one often affect the other. Thus, a major spectrum of the conditions managed in urology exists under the domain of genitourinary disorders. Urology combines the management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) conditions, such as urinary tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions such as bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence.

text: The urinary and reproductive tracts are closely linked, and disorders of one often affect the other. Thus, a major spectrum of the conditions managed in urology exists under the domain of

text: genitourinary disorders

text: . Urology combines the management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) conditions, such as

text: urinary tract infection

text: s and

text: benign prostatic hyperplasia

text: , with the management of surgical conditions such as bladder or

text: prostate cancer

text: kidney stone

text: s, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and

text: stress incontinence

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a condition managed in urology?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary tract infections

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a condition managed in urology?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: stones

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: surgical conditions

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney stones

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The urinary and reproductive tracts

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary and reproductive tracts

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: stress incontinence.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: reproductive tracts

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: reproductive tracts

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: genitourinary disorders.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: stones,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: kidney stones,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: genitourinary

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: The urethra, which is the last part of the urinary tract, traverses the corpus spongiosum, and its opening, known as the meatus , lies on the tip of the glans penis. It is a passage both for urine and for the ejaculation of semen. Sperm are produced in the testes and stored in the attached epididymis. During ejaculation, sperm are propelled up the vas deferens, two ducts that pass over and behind the bladder. Fluids are added by the seminal vesicles and the vas deferens turns into the ejaculatory ducts, which join the urethra inside the prostate gland. The prostate as well as the bulbourethral glands add further secretions, and the semen is expelled through the penis.

text: The

text: urethra

text: , which is the last part of the

text: urinary tract

text: , traverses the corpus spongiosum, and its opening, known as the

text: meatus

text: , lies on the tip of the glans penis. It is a passage both for

text: urine

text: and for the

text: ejaculation

text: of

text: semen

text: Sperm

text: are produced in the

text: testes

text: and stored in the attached

text: epididymis

text: . During ejaculation, sperm are propelled up the

text: vas deferens

text: , two ducts that pass over and behind the bladder. Fluids are added by the

text: seminal vesicle

text: s and the vas deferens turns into the

text: ejaculatory duct

text: s, which join the urethra inside the

text: prostate

text: gland. The prostate as well as the

text: bulbourethral gland

text: s add further secretions, and the semen is expelled through the penis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the last part of the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the urethra

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the last part of the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is the last part of the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices are right

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: testes

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not part of the urinary tract: seminal vesicles or the vas deferens?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ejaculation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is the last part of the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the last part of the urinary tract?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: the bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urethra, which is the last part of the urinary tract,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: seminal vesicles

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: During ejaculation,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine and for the ejaculation of semen.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: The urethra,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: expelled

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The urethra,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: epididymis.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: two

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: corpus spongiosum,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: seminal vesicles

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: corpus spongiosum,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: corpus spongiosum,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: seminal vesicles

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The urethra,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urethra,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: corpus spongiosum,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: bulbourethral

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: epididymis.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urethra,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder.

text: In humans, the kidneys are located  high in the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the spine, and lie in a retroperitoneal position at a slightly oblique angle. The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the liver, typically results in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left, and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney. The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3, and the right is slightly lower. The right kidney sits just below the diaphragm and posterior to the liver. The left sits below the diaphragm and posterior to the spleen. On top of each kidney is an adrenal gland. The upper parts of the kidneys are partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs. Each kidney, with its adrenal gland is surrounded by two layers of fat: the perinephric fat present between renal fascia and renal capsule and paranephric fat superior to the renal fascia.

text: In humans, the kidneys are located  high in the

text: abdominal cavity

text: , one on each side of the

text: spine

text: , and lie in a

text: retroperitoneal

text: position at a slightly oblique angle. The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the

text: liver

text: , typically results in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left, and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney. The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level

text: to

text: , and the right is slightly lower. The right kidney sits just below the

text: diaphragm

text: and posterior to the

text: liver

text: . The left sits below the diaphragm and posterior to the

text: spleen

text: . On top of each kidney is an

text: adrenal gland

text: . The upper parts of the kidneys are partially protected by the 11th and 12th

text: rib

text: s. Each kidney, with its adrenal gland is surrounded by two layers of fat: the

text: perinephric

text: fat present between renal fascia and renal capsule and

text: paranephric

text: fat superior to the

text: renal fascia

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney through a ureter?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal capsule

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What does urine consist of?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste from the blood

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Yes

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: on top of each kidney is an adrenal gland

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: the kidneys are located high in the abdominal cavity

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The bladder is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal capsule

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal capsule

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: humans,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: the kidneys are located high in the abdominal cavity,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: one on each side of the spine,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one on each side of the spine,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: the kidneys are located high in the abdominal cavity,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: spleen.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal capsule

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: T12 to L3,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: adrenal gland.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Excretion: Primarily in urine as unchanged drug

text: Excretion: Primarily in urine as unchanged drug

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretion is primarily in urine as unchanged drug

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What is excretion used for?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: What is excretion?

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: ten

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is excretion?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: resulting in cirrhosis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is excretion?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: syringes

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unchanged drug

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Excretion: Primarily in urine as unchanged drug

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: unchanged drug

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Primarily in urine as unchanged drug

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: Excretion: Primarily in urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Primarily in urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Excretion:

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Urine is primarily composed of water and urea. Although metabolites of urea are nitrogen fertilizers, it is easy to over-fertilize with urine, or to utilize urine containing pharmaceutical (or other) content, creating too much ammonia for plants to absorb, acidic conditions, or other phytotoxicity.

text: Urine is primarily composed of water and

text: urea

text: . Although metabolites of urea are nitrogen fertilizers, it is easy to over-fertilize with urine, or to utilize urine containing pharmaceutical (or other) content, creating too much ammonia for plants to absorb, acidic conditions, or other

text: phytotoxicity

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: ammonia

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: primarily composed of water and urea

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: over-fertilize with urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine is primarily composed of water and urea.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: it is easy to over-fertilize with urine,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Urine is primarily composed of water and urea.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine is primarily composed of water and urea.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: pharmaceutical (or other) content, creating too much ammonia for plants

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: water and urea.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: water and urea.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: too much ammonia

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine is primarily composed of water and urea.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine is primarily composed of water and urea.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urea. Although metabolites of urea are nitrogen fertilizers,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urea.

text: The kidney and the liver are two main organs responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH. Bicarbonate is a base that helps to accept excess hydrogen ions whenever there is acidaemia. However, this mechanism is slower than the respiratory pathway and may take from a few hours to 3 days to take effect. In acidaemia, the bicarbonate levels rise, so that they can neutralize the excess acid, while the contrary happens when there is alkalaemia. Thus when an arterial blood gas test reveals, for example, an elevated bicarbonate, the problem has been present for a couple of days, and metabolic compensation took place over a blood acedemia problem.

text: The kidney and the liver are two main organs responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH. Bicarbonate is a base that helps to accept excess hydrogen ions whenever there is acidaemia. However, this mechanism is slower than the respiratory pathway and may take from a few hours to 3 days to take effect. In acidaemia, the bicarbonate levels rise, so that they can neutralize the excess acid, while the contrary happens when there is alkalaemia. Thus when an arterial blood gas test reveals, for example, an elevated bicarbonate, the problem has been present for a couple of days, and metabolic compensation took place over a blood acedemia problem.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory pathway is slower than the respiratory pathway.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which organ is responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: what is the last organ mentioned?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many days does it take for the kidneys to take effect?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: neutralize the excess acid

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ is responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: bicarbonate levels rise, so that they can neutralize the excess acid

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood gas test

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The kidney and the liver

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Bicarbonate is a base that helps to accept excess hydrogen ions

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: slower than the respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: pH.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: 3 days

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: neutralize the excess acid,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: metabolic homeostasis of pH.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidney and the liver

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a few hours to 3 days

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: neutralize the excess acid,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: metabolic compensation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: arterial blood gas test

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: respiratory pathway

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Bicalutamide is eliminated in feces (43%) and urine (34%), whereas its metabolites are eliminated in approximately equal proportions in urine and bile. It is excreted to a substantial extent in its unmetabolized form, with both bicalutamide and its metabolites excreted mainly as glucuronide conjugates.

text: Bicalutamide is

text: eliminated

text: in

text: feces

text: (43%) and

text: urine

text: (34%), whereas its metabolites are eliminated in approximately equal proportions in urine and

text: bile

text: . It is excreted to a substantial extent in its unmetabolized form, with both bicalutamide and its metabolites excreted mainly as

text: glucuronide

text: conjugate

text: s.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Bicalutamide is eliminated

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate in feces

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: eliminate in feces (43%) and urine (34%

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: glucuronide conjugates

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronide

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: bile

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Bicalutamide is eliminated in feces

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine and bile.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: feces (43%) and urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: (43%) and urine (34%),

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: bile.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Bicalutamide

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Bicalutamide

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glucuronide

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces

text: Neuroendocrinology is the study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, including the biological features of the cells involved, and how they communicate. The nervous and endocrine systems often act together in a process called neuroendocrine integration, to regulate the physiological processes of the human body. Neuroendocrinology arose from the recognition that the brain, especially the hypothalamus, controls secretion of pituitary gland hormones, and has subsequently expanded to investigate numerous interconnections of the endocrine and nervous systems.

text: Neuroendocrinology is the study of the interaction between the

text: nervous system

text: and the

text: endocrine system

text: , including the biological features of the cells involved, and how they communicate. The nervous and endocrine systems often act together in a process called

text: neuroendocrine integration

text: , to regulate the

text: physiological

text: processes of the human body. Neuroendocrinology arose from the recognition that the brain, especially the

text: hypothalamus

text: , controls secretion of

text: pituitary gland

text: hormone

text: s, and has subsequently expanded to investigate numerous interconnections of the endocrine and nervous systems.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: endocrine system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What does neuroendocrinology study?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: nervous system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices are true

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: neuroendocrine integration

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What does neuroendocrinology study?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: pituitary gland

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: nervous system and the endocrine system,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: secretion of pituitary gland hormones,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: physiological processes

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: neuroendocrine integration,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: secretion of pituitary gland hormones,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: secretion of pituitary gland hormones,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hypothalamus, controls secretion of pituitary gland

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Neuroendocrinology

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: neuroendocrine integration,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hypothalamus,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: pituitary gland

text: Apart from the entities that are homeostatically controlled in the internal environment of the body, and the mechanisms that are responsible for this regulation, there are variables that are neither homeostatically controlled nor involved in the operation of homeostats. The blood urea concentration is an example. Mammals do not have “urea sensors”. Instead the concentration of urea is determined by a dynamic equilibrium, in much the same way that the water level in a river at any particular point along its course is determined. The level of a river is simply dependent on the rate at which water flows into a particular section and how fast it flows away from there. It therefore varies with the rainfall in the catchment area and obstructions or otherwise to the flow down stream – there is no energy consuming “regulation”. The blood urea concentration is comparable to the water level in a natural river. It is manufactured by the liver from the amino groups of the amino acids of proteins that are being degraded in this organ. It is then excreted by the kidneys which simply pass most of the urea in the glomerular filtrate on into the urine without active resorption or excretion by the renal tubules (a relatively small proportion of the urea in the tubules diffuses passively back into the blood as its concentration in the tubules rises when water, without urea, is removed from the tubular fluid). A high protein diet therefore produces high blood urea concentrations, and a protein-poor diet produced low blood plasma urea concentrations, without any physiological attempt to correct or mitigate these fluctuations in the level of urea in the extracellular fluids.

text: Apart from the entities that are homeostatically controlled in the internal environment of the body, and the mechanisms that are responsible for this regulation, there are variables that are neither homeostatically controlled nor involved in the operation of homeostats. The blood urea concentration is an example. Mammals do not have “urea sensors”. Instead the concentration of urea is determined by a

text: dynamic equilibrium

text: , in much the same way that the water level in a river at any particular point along its course is determined. The level of a river is simply dependent on the rate at which water flows into a particular section and how fast it flows away from there. It therefore varies with the rainfall in the catchment area and obstructions or otherwise to the flow down stream – there is no energy consuming “regulation”. The blood urea concentration is comparable to the water level in a natural river. It is manufactured by the liver from the amino groups of the

text: amino acids

text: of

text: proteins

text: that are being degraded in this organ. It is then excreted by the

text: kidneys

text: which simply pass most of the urea in the

text: glomerular filtrate

text: on into the urine without active resorption or excretion by the

text: renal tubules

text: (a relatively small proportion of the urea in the tubules diffuses passively back into the blood as its concentration in the tubules rises when water, without urea, is removed from the tubular fluid). A high protein diet therefore produces high blood urea concentrations, and a protein-poor diet produced low blood plasma urea concentrations, without any physiological attempt to correct or mitigate these fluctuations in the level of urea in the extracellular fluids.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs are excreted by the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is excreted by the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urea concentration

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filter

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: pass most of the urea in the glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urea sensors

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: active resorption or excretion by the renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine without active resorption or excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removed from the tubular fluid).

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: liver

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerular filtrate

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: active resorption or excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: active resorption or excretion by the renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidneys

text: Homeostasis is the ability of an open system to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms. All living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular, exhibit homeostasis.

text: Homeostasis is the ability of an

text: open system

text: to regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions by means of multiple

text: dynamic equilibrium

text: adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms. All living

text: organism

text: s, whether

text: unicellular

text: or

text: multicellular

text: , exhibit homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: homeostasis of the respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain stable conditions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: interrelated regulation mechanisms

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: regulate its internal environment

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: the bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: interrelated regulation mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: regulate its internal environment to maintain stable conditions

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: All living organisms,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: multicellular,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: multicellular,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: All living organisms,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: interrelated regulation mechanisms.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: unicellular

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Homeostasis

text: While the function of the subcommissural organ is still under investigation, it has been hypothesized that it is also part of the mechanism of aldosterone secretion and CSF detoxification, along with osmoregulation. The SCO is innervated by many systems, the most common of which is associated with the serotonergic system. The serotonergic system influences water and sodium intake. During water deprivation it will also reduce its innervation to the SCO. The reduction of input to the SCO causes a marked decrease in RF production. This finding implies that the subcommissural organ and its associated Reissner's fibers are an integral part of fluid electrolyte balance and water homeostasis.

text: While the function of the subcommissural organ is still under investigation, it has been hypothesized that it is also part of the mechanism of aldosterone secretion and CSF detoxification, along with osmoregulation. The SCO is innervated by many systems, the most common of which is associated with the serotonergic system. The serotonergic system influences water and sodium intake. During water deprivation it will also reduce its innervation to the SCO. The reduction of input to the SCO causes a marked decrease in RF production. This finding implies that the subcommissural organ and its associated Reissner's fibers are an integral part of fluid electrolyte balance and water homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the function of the subcommissural organ?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: CSF detoxification

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: SCO

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: CSF detoxification

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the subcommissural organ?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does the human body have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: The serotonergic system influences water and sodium intake

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: SCO

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: SCO

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CSF detoxification

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: water homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: detoxification,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: fluid electrolyte balance and water homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: water deprivation

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: water deprivation

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water homeostasis.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: water

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: water deprivation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: serotonergic system.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: CSF

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: subcommissural

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: sodium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: CSF detoxification,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: subcommissural organ

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: subcommissural

text: By 2006, isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) became the reference method. To improve the accuracy in creatinine testing, new standards were developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The College of American Pathologists (CAP) and  the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) collaborated with NIST to develop a new control reference called standard reference material 967 (SRM 967). SRM 967 aims to standardize calibration of creatinine testing, including Jaffe methods. Use of both IDMS and SRM 967 are currently recommended by the National Institutes of Health.

text: By 2006,

text: isotope dilution mass spectrometry

text: (IDMS) became the reference method. To improve the accuracy in creatinine testing, new standards were developed by the

entity_name: National Institute of Standards and Technology

text: National Institute of Standards and Technology

text: (NIST). The

text: College of American Pathologists

text: (CAP) and  the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) collaborated with NIST to develop a new control reference called standard reference material 967 (SRM 967). SRM 967 aims to standardize calibration of creatinine testing, including Jaffe methods. Use of both IDMS and SRM 967 are currently recommended by the National Institutes of Health.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: IDMS became the reference method.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is creatinine tested?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: creatinine testing

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: SRM 967

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: creatinine testing

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: creatinine testing

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the National Kidney Disease Education Program?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Jaffe

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: standard reference material 967 (SRM 967).

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: By 2006,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: Kidney Disease

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: standard reference material 967

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: both IDMS and SRM 967

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: isotope dilution mass spectrometry

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: standard reference material 967 (SRM 967).

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: isotope dilution mass spectrometry

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Kidney Disease

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: isotope dilution mass spectrometry

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: isotope dilution mass spectrometry

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: isotope dilution mass spectrometry

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Jaffe

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: creatinine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

text: To achieve urine diversion, the following technical components are used: waterless urinals, urine diversion toilets, urine piping to a urine storage tank (or to a sewer) and a reuse or treatment and disposal system for the urine.

text: To achieve urine diversion, the following technical components are used: waterless urinals, urine diversion toilets, urine piping to a urine storage tank (or to a sewer) and a

text: reuse

text: or treatment and disposal system for the urine.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: sewer

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: evaporation

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: diversion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine diversion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: a urine storage tank

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: treatment and disposal

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: waterless urinals,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: waterless urinals, urine diversion toilets,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine storage tank

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine storage tank

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine piping to a urine storage tank

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine storage tank

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: To achieve urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine piping

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: treatment and disposal system for the urine.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urine storage tank

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine diversion,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine piping

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinals,

text: Estrone has been proven to be a known carcinogen for human females.  The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) classifies estrone as an OSHA Select carcinogen.  Exposure to estrone can cause breast tenderness or pain, cervical hyper secretion, menstrual disorders including menorrhagia and  metrorrhagia, nausea, headache, hypertension, leg cramps, vision disturbances, and endometriosis pain in women. Mothers lactating can also experience a decrease in the production of breast milk.  Estrone can be found in the urine of pregnant women and can also be excreted in feces. Estrone is commonly produced in large quantities of the livers of transgender women who take oral estradiol. This is a result of first pass metabolism converting estradiol to estrone.

text: Estrone has been proven to be a known

text: carcinogen

text: for human females.  The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (

text: OSHA

text: ) classifies estrone as an OSHA Select carcinogen.  Exposure to estrone can cause breast tenderness or pain, cervical hyper secretion, menstrual disorders including menorrhagia and  metrorrhagia, nausea, headache, hypertension, leg cramps, vision disturbances, and endometriosis pain in women. Mothers lactating can also experience a decrease in the production of breast milk.  Estrone can be found in the urine of pregnant women and can also be excreted in feces. Estrone is commonly produced in large quantities of the livers of

text: transgender women

text: who take oral estradiol. This is a result of first pass metabolism converting estradiol to estrone.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Estrone can be found in the urine of pregnant women

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: large intestine, sweat glands in the skin, or feces?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste: blood, urine, or feces?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: menstrual cycles

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a day do the kidneys filter blood?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do for a living?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not excreted in feces: urine or feces?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Estrone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine of pregnant women

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: menstrual disorders

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in feces.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a known carcinogen for human females.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: livers of transgender women who take oral estradiol.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in feces.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Estrone has been proven to be a known carcinogen

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Estrone

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hypertension,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: cervical hyper secretion,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces.

text: Ševčenko's law, or Ševčenko's law of the dog and the forest is the tendency of historians to repeat the coverage and the work of previous historians, to the disadvantage of general historical coverage.  The situation is compared to a dog and a forest. A dog going into a virgin forest picks a tree at random, and urinates against it. Despite the tree having no intrinsic outstanding attraction as an object for urinating against, other dogs subsequently entering the same forest will show a tendency to urinate against the same tree.

text: Ševčenko's law, or Ševčenko's law of the dog and the forest is the tendency of historians to repeat the coverage and the work of previous historians, to the disadvantage of general historical coverage.  The situation is compared to a

text: dog

text: and a

text: forest

text: . A dog going into a virgin forest picks a tree at random, and

text: urinates against it

text: . Despite the tree having no intrinsic outstanding attraction as an object for urinating against, other dogs subsequently entering the same forest will show a tendency to urinate against the same tree.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: The large intestine and sweat glands in the skin

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys then filter the waste out of the blood and return it to the body.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinates against

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices .

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tree

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidney contains more than a million cells.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: by the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinating

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinating against

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: It is the urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urethra

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: dog

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinates against it. Despite the tree having no intrinsic outstanding attraction

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: tendency of historians to repeat the coverage and the work of previous historians,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinates against it.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: dog going into a virgin forest picks a tree at random,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinates against it. Despite the tree having no intrinsic outstanding attraction

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: tree

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: historians,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dog and a forest. A dog going into a virgin forest

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's law,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinates against it. Despite the tree having no intrinsic outstanding attraction

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's law,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinates against it. Despite the tree having no intrinsic outstanding attraction

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinates

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: dog

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: <unk>ev<unk>enko's

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinates

text: This is often done using a mule's gastrointestinal tract or other body cavities as containers. Swallowing has been used for the transportation of heroin, cocaine, and MDMA/Ecstasy. A swallower typically fills tiny balloons with small quantities of a drug. The balloons may be made with multilayered condoms, fingers of latex gloves, or more sophisticated hollow pellets. One smuggling method involves swallowing the balloons, which are recovered later from the excreted feces. Alternately, the balloons may be hidden in other natural or artificial body cavities – such as rectum, colostomy, vagina, and mouth – although this method is far more vulnerable to body cavity searches. A drug mule may swallow dozens upon dozens of balloons. The swallower then attempts to cross international borders, excrete the balloons, and sell the drugs.

text: This is often done using a mule's

text: gastrointestinal tract

text: or other

text: body cavities

text: as containers. Swallowing has been used for the transportation of

text: heroin

text: cocaine

text: , and

text: MDMA/Ecstasy

text: . A swallower typically fills tiny balloons with small quantities of a drug. The balloons may be made with multilayered

text: condom

text: s, fingers of

text: latex glove

text: s, or more sophisticated hollow

text: pellets

text: . One smuggling method involves swallowing the balloons, which are recovered later from the excreted

text: feces

text: . Alternately, the balloons may be hidden in other natural or artificial body cavities – such as

text: rectum

text: colostomy

text: vagina

text: , and mouth – although this method is far more vulnerable to

text: body cavity search

text: es. A drug mule may swallow dozens upon dozens of balloons. The swallower then attempts to cross international borders, excrete the balloons, and sell the drugs.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excreted feces

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: dozens

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete the balloons

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: colostomy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted feces.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: dozens

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: colostomy,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Swallowing

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Swallowing

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Swallowing

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: colostomy,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: colostomy,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: colostomy,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: colostomy,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: gastrointestinal tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: feces.

text: NIDDK conducts and supports research on many chronic and costly diseases affecting public health: diabetes, obesity, nutrition, digestive disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, hematologic diseases, and kidney and urologic diseases, as well as complications from HIV infection. NIDDK’s biomedical research efforts could be generally characterized as “internal medicine”-oriented as they relate to the medical specialties of endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, infectious disease, and nephrology. NIDDK employs clinicians who conduct and manage clinical research studies on these various diseases. NIDDK employs medicinal chemists, who conduct research to synthesize and evaluate both macro-molecules and small molecules, including agonists and antagonists to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adenosine, and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. In addition, NIDDK employs biologists and process scientists who create a vast array of technologies ranging from cell lines to transgenic and knock-out mouse models. The biological modeling mathematicians generate new tools such as the Body Weight Simulator, an online tool for obesity researchers and weight management professionals to better understand how diet and exercise quantitatively contribute to weight loss and weight loss maintenance.

text: NIDDK conducts and supports research on many chronic and costly diseases affecting public health:

text: diabetes

text: obesity

text: , nutrition,

text: digestive

text: disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, hematologic diseases, and kidney and urologic diseases, as well as complications from

text: HIV

text: infection. NIDDK’s biomedical research efforts could be generally characterized as “internal medicine”-oriented as they relate to the medical specialties of endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, infectious disease, and nephrology. NIDDK employs clinicians who conduct and manage clinical research studies on these various diseases. NIDDK employs medicinal chemists, who conduct research to synthesize and evaluate both macro-molecules and small molecules, including agonists and antagonists to

text: G protein-coupled receptors

text: (GPCRs) such as

text: Thyroid-stimulating hormone

text: (TSH),

text: Adenosine

text: , and

text: (5-HT) receptors. In addition, NIDDK employs biologists and process scientists who create a vast array of technologies ranging from

text: cell lines

text: to

text: transgenic

text: and

text: knock-out mouse

text: models. The biological modeling mathematicians generate new tools such as the Body Weight Simulator, an online tool for obesity researchers and weight management professionals to better understand how diet and exercise quantitatively contribute to weight loss and weight loss maintenance.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: NIDDK employs biologists

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney and urologic diseases

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: renal glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urologic diseases

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney and urologic diseases

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney and urologic diseases

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney and urologic diseases

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: nephrology

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephrology

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: GPCRs

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney and urologic diseases

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excrete wastes

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: nephrology

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: nephrology

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hematologic diseases

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urologic

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: G protein-coupled receptors

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: exercise

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: agonists and antagonists to G protein-coupled receptors

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: G protein-coupled receptors

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hematologic diseases, and kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrology.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: 5-Hydroxytryptamine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: diabetes,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney and urologic diseases,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: G protein-coupled receptors

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: 5-Hydroxytryptamine

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: transgenic

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephrology.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Rick Porter of Zap2it worried how the series would fit in "the likes" of Elvis Costello, Mary J. Blige, Sheryl Crow, Clay Aiken and Adam Levine "without it overwhelming the episode", and reported that the answer to that "turned out to be 'very effectively.'" In regards to the storylines, itself, he noted that Jack's quest in getting Milton a kidney "balanced nicely" with Liz's story, and that Tracy's "had some good moments". In conclusion, Porter wrote "For a show that doesn't always know how to end episodes, it's done really well at ending seasons." TV Guide Magazine’s Sandra Kofler wrote that the "He Needs a Kidney" song was hilarious, and that it "stole [30 Rock’s] season finale." Patrick Goldstein, a contributor for the Los Angeles Times, was favorable to the musical number, reporting "[t]he song itself is a hoot, highlighted by a wonderful spoken-word kidney donation pitch that begins with Costello saying: 'Listen, when someone starts talking in the middle of a song, you know it's serious.'" Entertainment Weekly contributor Annie Barrett said "Kidney Now!" was "sweet and all", and noted that the "Vontella-as-Tyra spoof" was "brilliant." Time contributor James Poniewozik wrote that this episode "was a fitting end for a guest-star-heavy ... season of 30 Rock", but added that the finale overall was "maybe average", however, "the ending at least delivered the goods, with the best sitcom celebrity benefit song".

text: Rick Porter of

text: worried how the series would fit in "the likes" of Elvis Costello, Mary J. Blige, Sheryl Crow, Clay Aiken and Adam Levine "without it overwhelming the episode", and reported that the answer to that "turned out to be 'very effectively.'" In regards to the storylines, itself, he noted that Jack's quest in getting Milton a kidney "balanced nicely" with Liz's story, and that Tracy's "had some good moments". In conclusion, Porter wrote "For a show that doesn't always know how to end episodes, it's done really well at ending seasons."

text: TV Guide Magazine

text: ’s Sandra Kofler wrote that the "He Needs a Kidney" song was hilarious, and that it "stole [30 Rock’s] season finale." Patrick Goldstein, a contributor for the

text: Los Angeles Times

text: , was favorable to the musical number, reporting "[t]he song itself is a hoot, highlighted by a wonderful spoken-word kidney donation pitch that begins with Costello saying: 'Listen, when someone starts talking in the middle of a song, you know it's serious.'"

text: Entertainment Weekly

text: contributor Annie Barrett said "Kidney Now!" was "sweet and all", and noted that the "Vontella-as-

text: Tyra

text: spoof" was "brilliant."

text: Time

text: contributor

text: James Poniewozik

text: wrote that this episode "was a fitting end for a guest-star-heavy ... season of 30 Rock", but added that the finale overall was "maybe average", however, "the ending at least delivered the goods, with the best sitcom celebrity benefit song".

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What is the largest organ of excretion?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney donation

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Jack's quest

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: donation

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the name of the urinary system organ where urine forms?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: He Needs a Kidney

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: Kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Costello

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: "He Needs a Kidney"

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: "He Needs a Kidney"

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: "He Needs a Kidney"

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Costello

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: "Vontella-as-Tyra

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: "Kidney Now!"

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: "the ending

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney donation

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: "maybe average",

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: "the ending at least

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: "Vontella-as-Tyra

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: "Vontella-as-Tyra

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: "He Needs a Kidney" song

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: "Vontella-as-Tyra

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: "He Needs a Kidney" song

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: "He Needs a Kidney"

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Costello

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: when someone starts talking in the middle of a song,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: kidney donation

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: "He Needs a Kidney"

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: "He Needs a Kidney" song

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Kidney"

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: "He Needs a Kidney"

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Milton a kidney

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Undiluted urine can chemically burn the roots of some plants which is why it is usually applied diluted with water, which also reduces odour development during application. When diluted with water (at a 1:5 ratio for container-grown annual crops with fresh growing medium each season,or a 1:8 ratio for more general use), it can be applied directly to soil as a fertilizer. The fertilization effect of urine has been found to be comparable to that of commercial fertilizers with an equivalent NPK rating. Concentrations of heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, commonly found in solid human waste, are much lower in urine.The more general limitations to using urine as fertilizer then depend mainly on the potential for buildup of excess nitrogen (due to the high ratio of nitrogen), and inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, which are also part of the wastes excreted by the renal system. The degree to which these factors impact the effectiveness depends on the term of use, salinity tolerance of the plant, soil composition, addition of other fertilizing compounds, and quantity of rainfall or other irrigation.

text: Undiluted urine can chemically burn the roots of some plants which is why it is usually applied diluted with water, which also reduces odour development during application. When diluted with water (at a 1:5 ratio for container-grown

text: annual

text: crops with fresh growing medium each season,or a 1:8 ratio for more general use), it can be applied directly to soil as a fertilizer. The fertilization effect of urine has been found to be comparable to that of commercial fertilizers with an equivalent

text: NPK rating

text: . Concentrations of heavy metals such as

text: lead

text: mercury

text: , and

text: cadmium

text: , commonly found in solid human waste, are much lower in urine.The more general limitations to using urine as fertilizer then depend mainly on the potential for buildup of excess nitrogen (due to the high ratio of nitrogen), and inorganic

text: salt

text: s such as

text: sodium chloride

text: , which are also part of the wastes excreted by the

text: renal system

text: . The degree to which these factors impact the effectiveness depends on the term of use, salinity tolerance of the plant, soil composition, addition of other fertilizing compounds, and quantity of rainfall or other irrigation.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not part of the wastes excreted by the renal system?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lungs

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: The kidney

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: cadmium

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal system

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: sodium chloride,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine.The

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: inorganic salts such as sodium chloride,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nitrogen

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: wastes excreted

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: lead, mercury, and cadmium,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 1:5

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: inorganic salts such as sodium chloride,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: wastes excreted by the renal system.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Undiluted urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: mercury,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: renal system.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: The parasite can irritate the mucosa of the urinary system (bladder and tract), sometimes with painful urination and incontinence. They reportedly infect the large intestine but have been found in the urinary bladder of the cat, resulting in feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). In cats with a heavy infection, symptoms can include frequent urination, painful urination, bloody urine, straining to urinate.

text: The parasite can irritate the mucosa of the urinary system (bladder and tract), sometimes with painful urination and incontinence. They reportedly infect the large intestine but have been found in the urinary bladder of the cat, resulting in feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). In cats with a heavy infection, symptoms can include frequent urination, painful urination, bloody urine, straining to urinate.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of waste?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Which of the following is not a symptom of feline lower urinary tract disease?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Which of the following is not a part of the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: bloody urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary bladder

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: bloody urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: FLUTD

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: lower urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: bloody urine,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: painful urination, bloody urine,

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: bloody urine,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: painful urination and incontinence.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: bloody urine,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urination

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: large intestine

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: painful urination and incontinence.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: painful urination and incontinence.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: bloody urine,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: painful urination and incontinence.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: (bladder

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: (bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: bloody urine,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: bloody urine,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: lower urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: (bladder

text: In renal physiology, net acid excretion (NAE) is the net amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time. Its value depends on urine flow rate, urine acid concentration, and the concentration of bicarbonate in the urine (the loss of bicarbonate, a buffering agent, is physiologically equivalent to a gain in acid). NAE is commonly expressed in units of milliliters per minute (ml/min) and is given by the following equation:

text: In

text: renal physiology

text: , net acid excretion (NAE) is the net amount of acid excreted in the

text: urine

text: per unit time. Its value depends on urine flow rate, urine acid concentration, and the concentration of

text: bicarbonate

text: in the urine (the loss of bicarbonate, a

text: buffering agent

text: , is physiologically equivalent to a gain in acid). NAE is commonly expressed in units of

text: milliliter

text: s per

text: minute

text: (ml/min) and is given by the following equation:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: What is the net amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How many kidneys are there in the human body?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It is not

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary pH

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in one kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: water reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: artificial filtering

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: renal physiology, net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine flow rate,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bicarbonate,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal physiology,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: flow rate,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: flow

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: renal physiology, net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: renal

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: bicarbonate

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: In renal physiology, net acid excretion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: flow

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: Wimsatt made many research trips to Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands, but his most desired research trips were to the tropics of Mexico. In 1962, he spent a year working with Dr. Bernardo Villa at the University of Mexico after receiving a Guggenheim Fellowship. He spent three sabbatical leaves at the University of Arizona College of Medicine working with Dr. Philip Krutzsch, who shared similar research interests.  He was a widely acclaimed as editor of the  series Biology of Bats. His expertise was on the functional morphology of placentae. A look at his publications reveals his ability to use novel approaches in diverse areas of reproductive biology (e.g., embryology, placentation, and fetal membranes), ecological physiology, hibernation, and the integumentary, urinary, and digestive systems. This broad background served him well as an Associate Editor of The American Journal of Anatomy from 1974 until shortly before his death.

text: Wimsatt made many research trips to

text: Central

text: and

text: South America

text: and the

text: Caribbean Islands

text: , but his most desired research trips were to the tropics of

text: Mexico

text: . In 1962, he spent a year working with Dr. Bernardo Villa at the

entity_name: National Autonomous University of Mexico

text: University of Mexico

text: after receiving a

text: Guggenheim Fellowship

text: . He spent three sabbatical leaves at the

entity_name: University of Arizona College of Medicine

text: University of Arizona College of Medicine

text: working with Dr. Philip Krutzsch, who shared similar research interests.  He was a widely acclaimed as editor of the  series

text: Biology of Bats

text: . His expertise was on the functional morphology of placentae. A look at his publications reveals his ability to use novel approaches in diverse areas of reproductive biology (e.g., embryology, placentation, and fetal membranes), ecological physiology, hibernation, and the integumentary, urinary, and digestive systems. This broad background served him well as an Associate Editor of The American Journal of Anatomy from 1974 until shortly before his death.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: removes waste

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive systems

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urinary, and digestive systems

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urinary, and digestive systems

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The American Journal of Anatomy

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: integumentary

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: integumentary, urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: hibernation,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Wimsatt

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Guggenheim Fellowship.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Mexico.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: integumentary, urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Wimsatt

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: placentae.

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: urinary,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: placentae.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: integumentary, urinary, and digestive systems.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: placentae.

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: integumentary,

text: According to local historian Jennette Rivers, the townspeople were wary of the relatively new technology for several reasons. One of the reasons was that there were many falsified accounts of urinal related injury spreading throughout the town. The townspeople were wary of this new technology and its potential harmful impact and were susceptible to believing rumors regarding health risks involved with urinal use. Another worry to the community was the lack of privacy associated with urinals. Urinals were more exposed than the traditional stalls or outhouses and this was considered immodest by the elders of what was a heavily Protestant community.

text: According to local historian Jennette Rivers, the townspeople were wary of the relatively new technology for several reasons. One of the reasons was that there were many falsified accounts of urinal related injury spreading throughout the town. The townspeople were wary of this new technology and its potential harmful impact and were susceptible to believing rumors regarding health risks involved with urinal use. Another worry to the community was the lack of privacy associated with urinals. Urinals were more exposed than the traditional stalls or outhouses and this was considered immodest by the elders of what was a heavily Protestant community.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinal related injury

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: outhouse

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a type of organ: bladder, stalls, or outhouses?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: not enough information

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: stalls

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinals

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urinals. Urinals

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: lack of privacy

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urinal related injury

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urinal related injury

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urinal related injury

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urinal related injury

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinal

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: urinals. Urinals

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: urinal related injury spreading throughout the town.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinals. Urinals

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urinals.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urinal related injury

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urinal related injury

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinals. Urinals

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urinals. Urinals

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urinal

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urinals

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urinals. Urinals

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinal

text: The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), seabirds, and some reptiles.  Sharks' glands are found in their rectum, birds' and reptiles' in or on the skull in the area of the eyes, nostrils or mouth. These glands are lobed containing many secretory tubules which radiate outward from the excretory canal at the center. Secretory tubules are lined with a single layer of epithelial cells. The diameter and length at which these glands are vary depending on the salt uptake of the species.

text: The salt gland is an

text: organ

text: for excreting excess

text: salt

text: s. It is found in

text: elasmobranch

text: s (sharks, rays, and skates),

text: seabird

text: s, and some

text: reptile

text: s.

text: Shark

text: s'

text: gland

text: s are found in their

text: rectum

text: , birds' and reptiles' in or on the skull in the area of the

text: eye

text: s,

text: nostril

text: s or

text: mouth

text: . These glands are lobed containing many secretory tubules which radiate outward from the excretory canal at the center. Secretory tubules are lined with a single layer of

text: epithelial cells

text: . The diameter and length at which these glands are vary depending on the salt uptake of the species.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which glands are lobed containing many secretory tubules which radiate outward from the excretory canal at the center?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes entered each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excrete excess salts

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreting excess salts

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting excess salts

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: rectum

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: sex

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: The salt gland

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: secretory tubules

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: The salt gland

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreting excess salts.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The salt gland

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: many secretory tubules

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The salt gland

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: secretory tubules

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: a single layer of epithelial cells.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreting excess salts.

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excess salts.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: salt gland

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: The salt gland

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory canal

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: salt gland

text: When considering the potential for privacy law breaches, particularly within the smart cities context containing a vast scope of data that is available to the Government, data may often need to be de-identified to maintain privacy. Whilst this may make it difficult to reconcile data collected from multiple services, it could still allow for the useful collection and aggregation of data for defined purposes. The E-CAF system (Common Assessment Framework), where a database of all children assessed by government services (including police, social services and schools) is maintained by the UK Government, highlights how anonymity is fading due to data-driven technologies. The system allows authorities to predict which children will commit crime in the future and allow them to intervene, based on a number of risk factors and profiling. It is evident that citizens captured by the database as children will no longer be "anonymous" members of society. Given the potential Government presumption that parties unwilling to share their information are inherently suspicious, the difficulty of maintaining anonymity in modern smart cities is clearly quite high.

text: When considering the potential for privacy law breaches, particularly within the smart cities context containing a vast scope of data that is available to the Government, data may often need to be de-identified to maintain privacy. Whilst this may make it difficult to reconcile data collected from multiple services, it could still allow for the useful collection and aggregation of data for defined purposes. The E-CAF system (Common Assessment Framework), where a database of all children assessed by government services (including police, social services and schools) is maintained by the UK Government, highlights how anonymity is fading due to data-driven technologies. The system allows authorities to predict which children will commit crime in the future and allow them to intervene, based on a number of risk factors and profiling. It is evident that citizens captured by the database as children will no longer be "anonymous" members of society. Given the potential Government presumption that parties unwilling to share their information are inherently suspicious, the difficulty of maintaining anonymity in modern smart cities is clearly quite high.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is responsible for breathing.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: renal tubules

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: sweat

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: kidneys

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The E-CAF system

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephron

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: E-CAF

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: E-CAF system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: anonymity is fading due to data-driven technologies.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a number of risk factors and profiling.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: E-CAF system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: data may often need to be de-identified

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: profiling.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: de-identified

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: de-identified

text: As the week begins, Bill picks up a bag of speed and starts walking the streets in a desperate attempt to make some money and, more importantly, escape his nightmares. Streetwalking leads to bed-hopping and Bill falls for a one-night stand just long enough to earn, and subsequently, betray her trust. When Bill wakes up from the whole affair in an excretory abyss, his friend Jerm (Keith Brunsmann) provides some support, however Bill fails to express what's truly bothering him.

text: As the week begins, Bill picks up a bag of speed and starts walking the streets in a desperate attempt to make some money and, more importantly, escape his nightmares. Streetwalking leads to bed-hopping and Bill falls for a one-night stand just long enough to earn, and subsequently, betray her trust. When Bill wakes up from the whole affair in an excretory abyss, his friend Jerm (Keith Brunsmann) provides some support, however Bill fails to express what's truly bothering him.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine, sweat glands in the skin or the large intestine?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: What is the name of Bill's friend?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What is the purpose of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys does Bill have?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: brain

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: one

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory system

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys does Bill have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: What is reabsorbed?

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: untreated diabetes causes kidney failure

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Where does Bill wake up from the whole affair?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: What is the cure for kidney failure?

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Jerm

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory abyss,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Jerm

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors— such as intake of processed carbohydrates, total protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake, intake of saturated and trans fatty acids, and low intake of vitamins/minerals—contribute to the development of insulin and leptin resistance. In any case, analogous to the way modern man-made pollution may possess the potential to overwhelm the environment's ability to maintain homeostasis, the recent explosive introduction of high glycemic index and processed foods into the human diet may possess the potential to overwhelm the body's ability to maintain homeostasis and health (as evidenced by the metabolic syndrome epidemic).

text: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors— such as intake of processed carbohydrates, total protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake, intake of saturated and trans fatty acids, and low intake of vitamins/minerals—contribute to the development of insulin and leptin resistance. In any case, analogous to the way modern man-made pollution may possess the potential to overwhelm the environment's ability to maintain

text: homeostasis

text: , the recent explosive introduction of high

text: glycemic index

text: and processed foods into the human diet may possess the potential to overwhelm the body's ability to maintain homeostasis and health (as evidenced by the metabolic syndrome epidemic).

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system contains the lungs

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: the kidneys

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood sugar levels

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: lose weight

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: digestive system

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: low intake of vitamins/minerals

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: leptin

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: trans

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: environment's ability to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: leptin

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: saturated and trans fatty acids,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: insulin and leptin

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: insulin and leptin resistance.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: carbohydrates,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: fatty acids,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: environment's ability to maintain homeostasis,

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: saturated and trans fatty acids,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: leptin

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: insulin and leptin resistance.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: There is a debate about how and to what extent different dietary factors—

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: leptin

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: leptin

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: leptin

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: vitamins/minerals—contribute

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: trans

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: leptin

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: leptin

text: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine and the other 10% is excreted in the feces.

text: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine and the other 10% is excreted in the feces.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: feces are part of the digestive system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: blood vessel

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: osmosis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted in urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine and the other 10% is excreted in the feces.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine and the other 10%

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine and the other 10% is excreted in the feces.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: 90% of each dose is excreted in the urine

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine and the other 10% is excreted in the feces.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Macitentan is taken as a 10 mg oral dose once a day. Its half-life in humans is about 16 hours and steady state is reached by the third day of administration. It is absorbed slowly into the plasma. Macitentan has an active metabolite, ACT-132577, which reaches its peak plasma concentration about 30 hours after the first dose is administered, and has a half-life of approximately 48 hours. Although ACT-132577 has a lower affinity for the ET receptors than its parent compound, it does have higher plasma concentrations than macitentan. Both compounds can be excreted from the body through the urine or feces.

text: Macitentan is taken as a 10 mg oral dose once a day. Its half-life in humans is about 16 hours and steady state is reached by the third day of administration. It is absorbed slowly into the plasma. Macitentan has an active metabolite, ACT-132577, which reaches its peak plasma concentration about 30 hours after the first dose is administered, and has a half-life of approximately 48 hours. Although ACT-132577 has a lower affinity for the ET receptors than its parent compound, it does have higher plasma concentrations than macitentan. Both compounds can be excreted from the body through the urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How is blood containing wastes excreted?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: No

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: It is impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: excreted from the body

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excreted from the body

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many kidneys do you have?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: ET receptors

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted from the body through the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted from the body through the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a body organ: bladder, feces, or urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urinary

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: ET

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: ET

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Macitentan

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ET

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: 48

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: excreted from the body through the urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excreted from the body through the urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: ACT-132577,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: feces.

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: urine or feces.

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ET receptors

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Due to the importance of C3b, disruptions resulting in deficiencies or up regulation of C3b generation can have serious implications for human health. For example, the uncontrolled cleavage of C3b is associated with the disease C3 glomerulopathy, in which deposits of C3 in the glomeruli disrupt kidney function and can eventually result in kidney failure.

text: Due to the importance of C3b, disruptions resulting in deficiencies or up regulation of C3b generation can have serious implications for human health. For example, the uncontrolled cleavage of C3b is associated with the disease C3 glomerulopathy, in which deposits of C3 in the glomeruli disrupt kidney function and can eventually result in kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the digestive system

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: C3b

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: disrupt kidney function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: C3b

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: filtration

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: C3b

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: disrupt kidney function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: uncontrolled cleavage of C3b

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerulopathy

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: C3b,

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: C3 glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: C3 glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: C3 glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: uncontrolled cleavage

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: C3b,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: kidney function

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: C3 glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: C3b,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: C3 glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: kidney failure.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: C3b,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: function

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: deposits of C3 in the glomeruli disrupt kidney function

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: C3 glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: C3 glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: glomerulopathy,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: glomeruli

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

text: Pharmacokinetics studies the manner and speed with which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated by the various excretory organs. This elimination will be proportional to the drug’s plasmatic concentrations. In order to model these processes a working definition is required for some of the concepts related to excretion.

text: Pharmacokinetics studies the manner and speed with which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated by the various excretory organs. This elimination will be proportional to the drug’s plasmatic concentrations. In order to model these processes a working definition is required for some of the concepts related to excretion.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an excretory organ: the large intestine, sweat glands, or the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidneys then filter the waste out of the blood and return it to the body.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminate drugs and their metabolites

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excrete

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal tubule

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The liver is an excretory organ.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: nephrons

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: vesicles

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: reabsorbed

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: eliminate drugs and their metabolites

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The urinary system organ where urine forms

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: excretion

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: centrifugation

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: plasmatic concentrations.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: excretion.

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: eliminated

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Pharmacokinetics

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Pharmacokinetics

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: drugs and their metabolites are eliminated

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: eliminated by the various excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Pharmacokinetics

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: excretory organs.

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Pharmacokinetics

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: excretory

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: excretory

text: At the end of 1995, Lomu was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, a serious kidney disorder. His rugby union career went on hold whilst the disorder was treated. In May 2003, the NZRFU announced that Lomu had been put on dialysis three times a week due to deterioration in his kidney function. Side effects of Lomu's dialysis treatment led to severe nerve damage in his feet and legs; his doctors warned him that he faced life in a wheelchair if a kidney transplant was not performed soon. At the end of July 2004 it was reported that Lomu had indeed undergone a kidney transplant on Tuesday, 28 July, in Auckland, New Zealand. The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

text: At the end of 1995, Lomu was diagnosed with

text: nephrotic syndrome

text: , a serious

text: kidney

text: disorder. His rugby union career went on hold whilst the disorder was treated. In May 2003, the

text: NZRFU

text: announced that Lomu had been put on

text: dialysis

text: three times a week due to

text: deterioration in his kidney function

text: Side effects

text: of Lomu's dialysis treatment led to severe

text: nerve damage

text: in his

text: feet and legs

text: ; his doctors warned him that he faced life in a wheelchair if a kidney transplant was not performed soon. At the end of July 2004 it was reported that Lomu had indeed undergone a kidney transplant on Tuesday, 28 July, in

text: Auckland

text: , New Zealand. The kidney was donated by

text: Wellington

text: radio presenter

text: Grant Kereama

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidneys are part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: How does blood containing wastes enter each kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: blood clotting

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: How many times a week did Lomu have dialysis?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unspecified

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Which organ does not remove excess water and salts from the blood?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Which of the following is not a urinary system organ: bladder, kidney or nephrotic syndrome?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: nephro

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nephro

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: kidney disorder.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: nephrotic syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: nephrotic syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: three times a week

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: deterioration in his kidney function.

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: wheelchair

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: nephrotic syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: nephrotic syndrome,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: The kidney was donated by Wellington radio presenter Grant Kereama.

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: dialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: nerve

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: nephrotic

text: Artificial kidney is often a synonym for hemodialysis, but may also, more generally, refer to renal replacement therapies (with exclusion of kidney transplantation) that are in use and/or in development. This article deals with bioengineered kidneys/bioartificial kidneys that are grown from renal cell lines/renal tissue.

text: Artificial kidney is often a

text: synonym

text: for

text: hemodialysis

text: , but may also, more generally, refer to

text: renal replacement therapies

text: (with exclusion of

text: kidney transplantation

text: ) that are in use and/or in development. This article deals with

text: bioengineered

text: kidney

text: s/bioartificial kidneys that are grown from renal

text: cell

text: lines/renal tissue.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the respiratory system, the respiratory system, and the respiratory system.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: The wastes exit the kidneys through a ureter.

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters.

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: The process of urination is normally under conscious control.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hormone levels in the body.

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: What does hemodialysis do?

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapies

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: What is one function of the kidneys?

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: How many kidneys do you need to live a healthy life?

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: kidneys.

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: a single kidney

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What is the function of the liver?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: How many nephrons are in a kidney?

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: sphincter

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: What is the urinary system?

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hemodialysis

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: Artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: renal cell lines/renal tissue.

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: renal replacement therapies

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: kidney transplantation)

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: renal cell lines/renal tissue.

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: bioengineered kidneys/bioartificial kidneys

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Artificial kidney

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: kidney transplantation)

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: hemodialysis,

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: renal

text: Urine-indicator dye is a substance which is supposed to be able to react with urine to form a colored cloud in a swimming pool, thus indicating the location of people who are urinating while they are in the pool. A 2015 report from the National Swimming Pool Foundation called this "the most common pool myth of all time", with nearly half of Americans surveyed by researchers believing that the dye existed.

text: Urine-indicator dye is a substance which is supposed to be able to react with urine to form a colored cloud in a

text: swimming pool

text: , thus indicating the location of people who are urinating while they are in the pool. A 2015 report from the

text: National Swimming Pool Foundation

text: called this "the most common pool myth of all time", with nearly half of Americans surveyed by researchers believing that the dye existed.

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system is a part of the

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which of the following is not an organ of excretion: the large intestine or the sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: kidney

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: Urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: swimming pool

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: What does the liver do?

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: a process called

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: no

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: bladder

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: urea

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: blood transfusion

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: ureters

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urinary tract

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: dye

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007961

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007962

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007963

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007964

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007965

answers: urine

answers: NDQ_007966

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007967

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007968

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007969

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007970

answers: Urine-indicator dye

answers: NDQ_007971

answers: urine

text: Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney disease. It represents a  systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of the following:

text: Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is one of the many complications associated with

text: chronic kidney disease

text: . It represents a

text: systemic disorder

text: of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of the following:

answers: NDQ_007936

answers: respiratory system consists of the lungs.

answers: NDQ_007937

answers: Which organs of excretion include the large intestine and sweat glands in the skin?

answers: NDQ_007938

answers: Which of the following is not a type of kidney?

answers: NDQ_007939

answers: glomerulus

answers: NDQ_007940

answers: the renal artery

answers: NDQ_007941

answers: What is excreted in urine?

answers: NDQ_007942

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007943

answers: metabolism

answers: NDQ_007944

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007945

answers: mineral and bone metabolism

answers: NDQ_007947

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007949

answers: None

answers: NDQ_007950

answers: urinate

answers: NDQ_007953

answers: bone

answers: NDQ_007955

answers: tens

answers: NDQ_007956

answers: renal artery

answers: NDQ_007957

answers: The kidneys filter waste out of the blood.

answers: NDQ_007958

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_007959

answers: clotting.

answers: NDQ_007960

answers: CKD-MBD