text: The AuroraMax project is an outreach and education initiative carried out by the combined effort of The Canadian Space Agency, Astronomy North, University of Calgary and The city of Yellowknife in Yellowknife Northwest Territories. The AuroraMax provides a place to explore and discover the wonder and science behind phenomena such as sunspots, Earth's magnetic field, space weather and the magnificent Northern lights of Canada. Auroras are natural exhibition of lights in the sky that can be seen by the naked eyes. Auroras happen when protons and electrons or charged particles and gases in the Earth's atmosphere crash into each other, creating tiny flares of light that decorate the sky with colorful light. Billions of these tiny flares occur in sequence causing the lights to seem like they are dancing or moving. The lights in the Northern hemisphere are called Aurora Borealis or simply The Northern Lights while the lights in the Southern hemisphere are called Aurora Australis or simply The Southern Lights.

text: The AuroraMax project is an outreach and education initiative carried out by the combined effort of The

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text: Canadian Space Agency

entity_name: Astronomy North

text: Astronomy North

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text: and The city of

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text: Canada

text: . Auroras are natural exhibition of lights in the sky that can be seen by the naked eyes. Auroras happen when protons and electrons or charged particles and gases in the Earth's atmosphere crash into each other, creating tiny flares of light that decorate the sky with colorful light. Billions of these tiny flares occur in sequence causing the lights to seem like they are dancing or moving. The lights in the Northern hemisphere are called

entity_name: Aurora

text: Aurora Borealis

text: or simply The Northern Lights while the lights in the Southern hemisphere are called

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text: or simply The Southern Lights.

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text: David Downie joined the Politics Department at Fairfield University in 2008. He had been recruited to Fairfield to become the first director of the revamped Environmental Studies program . Prior to moving to Fairfield University, Downie taught courses in international environmental politics at Columbia University from 1994-2008. While at Columbia, Dr. Downie held several research, administrative and academic appointments in the Earth Institute, School of International and Public Affairs, and Department of Political Science, including: Associate Director of the Graduate Program in Climate and Society (2004–2008), Director of the Global Roundtable on Climate Change(2004–2008), and Director of Environmental Policy Studies at the School of International and Public Affairs (1994–1999). In 2000 he moved from a primary appointment at the School of International and Public Affairs to one at the Earth Institute in order to focus on applied policy research and on creating and expanding new interdisciplinary educational programs. As part of his work at the Earth Institute.

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text: from 1994-2008. While at Columbia, Dr. Downie held several research, administrative and academic appointments in

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text: She was the first recipient of the "Prix de Dames" from the Société astronomique de France in 1889, and in 1893 was made an Officier d'Académe of the French Academy of Sciences - up to that time, these honours had not been awarded to a woman. On December 14, 1893 she read her doctoral thesis, "L'étude des Anneaux de Saturne" to a large audience of academics at the Sorbonne, and was awarded the degree of Docteur ès Sciences; the first woman to do so. Her main subjects were mathematics and mathematical astronomy. The examining committee, composed of Dr. Jean Gaston Darboux and Drs. Félix Tisserand and Marie Henri Andoyer were unanimous in their praise. By way of contrast, Harvard awarded its first doctorate in astronomy to Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin in 1925.

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answers: Meteorologists

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text: Chamrosh is described as having the body of a dog with the head and wings of a bird. It was said to inhabit the ground beneath the soma tree that was the roost of the Senmurv. When the Senmurv descended or alighted from its roost, all the ripened seeds fell to the earth. These seeds were gathered by the Chamrosh, which then distributed them to other parts of the earth. There is a description of the Chamrosh in the Persian Rivayats: "The Creator Ohrmazd has produced on the shores of the sea Vourukasha a tree and two birds who are immortal and without death. Every year a thousand new branches spring up from that tree and all kinds of seeds hang on those branches and all those seeds become ripe. A bird called Amrosh comes and sits on one of the branches and shakes it and scatters down to the ground all the seeds. Another bird called Chamrosh comes and strikes all the seeds with its wings and sides and throws them into the sea. All those seeds go inside a cloud full of rain and that cloud rains on the ground and all the seeds appear on the earth."

text: Chamrosh is described as having the body of a dog with the head and wings of a bird. It was said to inhabit the ground beneath the

entity_name: Soma (drink)

text: soma

text: tree that was the roost of the

entity_name: Simurgh

text: Senmurv

text: . When the Senmurv descended or alighted from its roost, all the ripened seeds fell to the earth. These seeds were gathered by the Chamrosh, which then distributed them to other parts of the earth. There is a description of the Chamrosh in the

text: Persian Rivayats

text: : "The Creator

entity_name: Ahura Mazda

text: Ohrmazd

text: has produced on the shores of the sea

entity_name: Vourukasha

text: Vourukasha

text: a tree and two birds who are immortal and without death. Every year a thousand new branches spring up from that tree and all kinds of seeds hang on those branches and all those seeds become ripe. A bird called

text: Amrosh

text: comes and sits on one of the branches and shakes it and scatters down to the ground all the seeds. Another bird called Chamrosh comes and strikes all the seeds with its wings and sides and throws them into the sea. All those seeds go inside a cloud full of rain and that cloud rains on the ground and all the seeds appear on the earth."

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answers: the ground

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answers: NDQ_000049

answers: sea

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: Chamrosh

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answers: Creator

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answers: cloud full of rain

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answers: Earth science

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answers: The Creator Ohrmazd

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: Chamrosh

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: the deepest parts of the ocean

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answers: sea

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answers: Trees

text:
11	Logic
1101	Application of logic
1102	Deductive logic
1103	General logic
1104	Inductive logic
1105	Methodology
1199	Other specialities relating to logic
12	Mathematics
1201	Algebra
1202	Analysis and functional analysis
1203	Computer Sciences (see 3304)
1204	Geometry
1205	Number theory
1206	Numerical analysis
1207	Operations research
1208	Probability
1209	Statistics
1210	Topology
1299	Other mathematical specialities
21	Astronomy, Astrophysics
2101	Cosmology
2102	Interplanetary physics (see 2512, 3324)
2103	Optical astronomy (see 2209)
2104	Planetology (see 2512, 3324)
2105	Radio-astronomy
2106	Solar system
2199	Other astronomical specialities
22	Physics
2201	Acoustics
2202	Electro-magnetism
2203	Electronics (see 3307)
2204	Physics
2205	Mechanics
2206	Molecular physics
2207	Nuclear physics (see 3320)
2208	Nucleonics
2209	Optics
2210	Physical chemistry (see 2307)
2211	Solid state physics
2212	Theoretical physics
2213	Thermodynamics
2214	Units and constants
2299	Other physical specialities
23	Chemistry
2301	Analytical chemistry
2302	Biochemistry (see 2306)
2303	Inorganic chemistry (see 3303)
2304	Macromolecular chemistry
2305	Nuclear chemistry
2306	Organic chemistry
2307	Physical chemistry (see 2210)
2399	Other chemical specialities
24	Life Sciences
2401	Animal Biology (Zoology) (see 3109)
2402	Anthropology (physical) (see 51)
2403	Biochemistry (see 2302)
2404	Biomathematics
2405	Biometrics
2406	Biophysics
2407	Cell biology
2408	Ethology
2409	Genetics
2410	Human biology (see 32)
2411	Human physiology
2412	Immunology
2413	Insect Biology (Entomology)
2414	Microbiology
2415	Molecular biology
2416	Palaeontology
2417	Plant Biology (Botany) (see 3103)
2418	Radiobiology
2419	Symbiosis
2420	Virology
2499	Other biological specialities
25	Earth and Space Science
2501	Atmospheric sciences (see 2502, 2509)
2502	Climatology (see 2501, 2509)
2503	Geochemistry
2504	Geodesy
2505	Geography (see 54)
2506	Geology
2507	Geophysics
2508	Hydrology
2509	Meteorology (see 2501, 2502)
2510	Oceanography
2511	Soil Science
2512	Space Sciences (see 2102, 2104, 3324)
2599	Other Earth, Space or Environmental specialities
31	Agricultural Sciences
3101	Agricultural chemistry
3102	Agricultural engineering
3103	Agronomy
3104	Animal husbandry
3105	Fish and wildlife
3106	Forestry
3107	Horticulture
3108	Phytopathology
3109	Veterinary sciences
3199	Other agricultural specialities
32	Medical Sciences
3201	Clinical sciences
3202	Epidemiology (see 2414, 2420)
3203	Forensic medicine
3204	Occupational medicine
3205	Internal medicine
3206	Nutrition sciences (see 3309)
3207	Pathology
3208	Pharmacodynamics
3209	Pharmacology
3210	Preventive medicine
3211	Psychiatry
3212	Public health
3213	Surgery
3214	Toxicology
3299	Other medical specialities
33	Technological Sciences
3301	Aeronautical technology and engineering
3302	Biochemical technology (see 3309)
3303	Chemical technology and engineering (see 2303, 2304, 2306)
3304	Computer technology (see 1203)
3305	Construction technology (see 3312, 5312)
3306	Electrical technology and engineering
3307	Electronic technology (see 2202, 2203, 3325)
3308	Environmental technology and engineering
3309	Food technology (see 3302, 3206)
3310	Industrial technology (see 5311)
3311	Instrumentation technology
3312	Materials technology
3313	Mechanical Engineering and technology
3314	Medical technology
3315	Metallurgical technology
3316	Metal products technology
3317	Motor vehicle technology
3318	Mining technology
3319	Naval technology
3320	Nuclear technology (see 2207)
3321	Petroleum and coal technology
3322	Power technology
3323	Railway technology
3324	Space technology (see 2512)
3325	Telecommunications technology (see 2202, 2203, 3307)
3326	Textile technology
3327	Transportation systems technology
3328	Unit operations technology
3329	Urban Planning
3399	Other technological specialities
51	Anthropology
5101	Cultural anthropology
5102	Ethnography and Ethnology
5103	Social anthropology
5199	Other anthropology specialities
52	Demography
5201	Fertility
5202	General demography
5203	Geographical demography
5204	Historical demography
5205	Mortality
5206	Population characteristics
5207	Population size and demographic evolution
5299	Other demographic specialities
53	Economic Sciences
5301	Domestic fiscal policy and public finance
5302	Econometrics
5303	Economic accounting
5304	Economic activity
5305	Economic systems
5306	Economics of technological change
5307	Economic theory
5308	General economics
5309	Industrial organization and public policy
5310	International economics
5311	Organization and management of enterprises (see 3310)
5312	Sectorial economics
5399	Other economic specialities
54	Geography
5401	Economic geography
5402	Historical geography
5403	Human geography
5404	Regional geography
5499	Other geographical specialities
55	History
5501	Biographies
5502	General history
5503	History of countries
5504	History by epochs
5505	Sciences auxiliary to history
5506	Specialized histories
5599	Other historical specialities
56	Juridical Science and Law
5601	Canon law
5602	General theory and method
5603	International law
5604	Legal organization
5605	National law and legislation
5699	Other juridical specialities
57	Linguistics
5701	Applied linguistics
5702	Diachronic linguistics
5703	Linguistic geography
5704	Linguistic theory
5705	Synchronic linguistics
5799	Other linguistic specialities
58	Pedagogy
5801	Educational theory and methods
5802	Organization and planning of education
5803	Teacher training and employment
5899	Other pedagogical specialities
59	Political Science
5901	International relations
5902	Policy sciences
5903	Political ideologies
5904	Political institutions
5905	Political life
5906	Political sociology
5907	Political systems
5908	Political theory
5909	Public administration
5910	Public opinion
5999	Other political science specialities
61	Psychology
6101	Abnormal psychology (see 3211)
6102	Adolescent and child psychology
6103	Counselling and guidance (see 3211)
6104	Educational psychology
6105	Evaluation and measurement in psychology
6106	Experimental psychology
6107	General psychology
6108	Geriatric psychology
6109	Occupational and personnel psychology
6110	Parapsychology
6111	Personality
6112	Psychological study of social issues
6113	Psychopharmacology
6114	Social psychology
6199	Other psychological specialities
62	Sciences of Arts and Letters
6201	Architecture
6202	Literary theory, analysis and criticism
6203	Fine arts theory, analysis and criticism
6299	Other artistic specialities
63	Sociology
6301	Cultural sociology
6302	Experimental sociology
6303	General sociology
6304	International disorder
6305	Mathematical sociology
6306	Occupational sociology
6307	Social change and development
6308	Social communications
6309	Social groups
6310	Social problems - Social disorder
6311	Sociology of human settlements
6399	Other sociological specialities
71	Ethics
7101	Classical ethics
7102	Ethics of individuals
7103	Group ethics
7104	Prospective ethics
7199	Other specialities relating to ethics
72	Philosophy
7201	Philosophy of knowledge
7202	Philosophical anthropology
7203	General philosophy
7204	Philosophical systems
7205	Philosophy of science
7206	Philosophy of nature
7207	Social philosophy
7208	Philosophical doctrines
7209	Other philosophical specialities

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text: The geology of Mars is differentiable from that of Earth by, among other things, its extremely large volcanoes and lack of crust movement. A goal of the MEP is to understand these differences from Earth along with the way that wind, water, volcanoes, tectonics, cratering and other processes have shaped the surface of Mars. Rocks can help scientists describe the sequence of events in Mars' history, tell whether there was an abundance of water on the planet through identifying minerals that are formed only in water, and tell if Mars once had a magnetic field (which would point toward Mars at one point being a dynamic Earth-like planet).

text: The

entity_name: Geology of Mars

text: geology of Mars

text: is differentiable from that of Earth by, among other things, its extremely large volcanoes and lack of crust movement. A goal of the MEP is to understand these differences from Earth along with the way that wind, water, volcanoes, tectonics,

entity_name: Impact crater

text: cratering

text: and other processes have shaped the surface of Mars. Rocks can help scientists describe the sequence of events in Mars' history, tell whether there was an abundance of water on the planet through identifying minerals that are formed only in water, and tell if Mars once had a

entity_name: Magnetosphere

text: magnetic field

text: (which would point toward Mars at one point being a dynamic Earth-like planet).

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text: The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) is a science network of people, organisations and, most importantly observation platforms, that perform Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) in South Africa and its surrounding oceans. The SAEON is of global importance as an innovative approach in ecology to understand environmental change and to determine the impact of anthropogenic forces at multiple scales but it is a remarkably complex challenge to statistically discern between ubiquitous natural variability and exogenous forcing. The SAEON constitutes a national government response to the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Earth Summit 2002) and is a component of the GEO (Group on Earth Observations). The SAEON has become the leader in environmental science and observation in South Africa  but has been criticised for taking a long time to establish, a situation which was inevitable in view of SAEON's multiple stakeholder corps. It has also been raised that the cost of replicated experimental treatments across SAEON sites will be high

text: The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) is a science network of people, organisations and, most importantly observation platforms, that perform Long-Term Ecological Research (

entity_name: Long Term Ecological Research Network

text: LTER

text: ) in

entity_name: South Africa

text: South Africa

text: and its surrounding oceans. The SAEON is of global importance as an innovative approach in ecology to understand environmental change and to determine the impact of anthropogenic forces at multiple scales but it is a remarkably complex challenge to statistically discern between ubiquitous natural variability and exogenous forcing. The SAEON constitutes a national government response to the World Summit on Sustainable Development (

entity_name: Earth Summit 2002

text: Earth Summit 2002

text: ) and is a component of the GEO (

entity_name: Group on Earth Observations

text: Group on Earth Observations

text: ). The SAEON has become the leader in environmental science and observation in South Africa  but has been criticised for taking a long time to establish, a situation which was inevitable in view of SAEON's multiple stakeholder corps. It has also been raised that the cost of replicated experimental treatments across SAEON sites will be high

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text: The honor society was named Pi Gamma Mu from the initials of the three Greek words that describe the Society's objective: Politixes Gnōseōs Mathetai (Πολιτικές Γνώσεως Μάθεται), the study of political and social science.  The term Politixes or "political science or phenomena" encompassed the field of economics, which was then commonly referred to as political economy, its original name.  Pi Gamma Mu stood not only for scholarship in the social sciences, but also for synthesis and cooperation among its various branches.  It was an early advocate of an interdisciplinary as well as a cross-disciplinary approach to the study of social problems.

text: The honor society was named Pi Gamma Mu from the initials of the three Greek words that describe the Society's objective: Politixes Gnōseōs Mathetai (Πολιτικές Γνώσεως Μάθεται), the study of political and social science.  The term Politixes or "political science or phenomena" encompassed the field of

entity_name: Economics

text: economics

text: , which was then commonly referred to as

entity_name: Political economy

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text: , its original name.  Pi Gamma Mu stood not only for scholarship in the social sciences, but also for synthesis and cooperation among its various branches.  It was an early advocate of an interdisciplinary as well as a cross-disciplinary approach to the study of social problems.

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text: Illinois State University offers a six semester-hour course in traditional Field Geology that has been taught for more than three decades. The course is required for the Bachelor of Science degree, but applications from geology majors at other universities are welcomed.

text: Illinois State University offers a six semester-hour course in traditional Field Geology that has been taught for more than three decades. The course is required for the Bachelor of Science degree, but applications from geology majors at other universities are welcomed.

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text: Currently, more than 300 scientists at the CfA are engaged in a broad program of research in astronomy, astrophysics, earth and space sciences, and science education.

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text: The Center for Environmental and Life Sciences (CELS) houses the Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, which offers degrees in Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, Sustainability Science, a Professional Science Masters (PSM) in Applied Sustainability, and certificate programs in Water Resource Management, Geographic Information Science and Environmental Forensics. CELS is also the home of the Passaic River Institute, the PSEG Institute for Sustainability Studies, and the interdisciplinary PhD Program in Environmental Management.

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answers: Earth and Environmental Science

text: The Faculty of Sciences offers graduate programs on computer science, material science, astronomy, biology, earth science, ocean science, physics, mathematics, statistics & actuarial science, history and philosophy of science and science education, although most of these are run in collaboration with the nearby institutes, like Physics, Mathematics and IIMAS (Institute for applied mathematics and systems). Some programs are offered in conjunction with other faculties and institutes nationwide.

text: The Faculty of Sciences offers graduate programs on computer science, material science, astronomy, biology, earth science, ocean science, physics, mathematics, statistics & actuarial science, history and philosophy of science and science education, although most of these are run in collaboration with the nearby institutes, like Physics, Mathematics and

entity_name: Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas

text: IIMAS

text: (Institute for applied mathematics and systems). Some programs are offered in conjunction with other faculties and institutes nationwide.

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answers: Earth science, ocean science

text: The Science Building is equipped with an observatory, where some astronomical telescopes with auto-tracking and control functions are located. Students interested in Astronomy as well as the Earth Science are welcome to make a closer observation about the stars.

text: The Science Building is equipped with an observatory, where some astronomical telescopes with auto-tracking and control functions are located. Students interested in Astronomy as well as the Earth Science are welcome to make a closer observation about the stars.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels

text: Megametres (from the Greek words megas = big and metro = count/measure) are rarely seen in practical use, e.g. "" is much more common than "5 Mm". Unless dealing with astronomy, distances on Earth can't be more than  (Equator length), although megametres may be used to measure the extensions of road systems and air travel distances, among other things rather than distances. The symbol (Mm) can also be confused with millimetres (mm). Megametres are also occasionally found in science fiction.

text: Megametres (from the

entity_name: Greek language

text: Greek

text: words megas = big and metro = count/measure) are rarely seen in practical use, e.g. "" is much more common than "5 Mm". Unless dealing with astronomy, distances on Earth can't be more than  (

entity_name: Equator

text: Equator

text: length), although megametres may be used to measure the extensions of road systems and air travel distances, among other things rather than distances. The symbol (Mm) can also be confused with

entity_name: Millimetre

text: millimetre

text: s (mm). Megametres are also occasionally found in

entity_name: Science fiction

text: science fiction

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text: Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object and thus in contrast to on-site observation. Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geography and most Earth Science disciplines (for example, hydrology, ecology, oceanography, glaciology, geology); it also has military, intelligence, commercial, economic, planning, and humanitarian applications.

text: Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object and thus in contrast to on-site observation. Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels

text: Photographs of the Earth and other planets from spacecraft have inspired renewed interest in the orthographic projection in astronomy and planetary science.

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text: Earth science is a branch of the physical sciences which is a part of the natural sciences. It in turn has many branches.

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text: , 47 universities operate within Bulgaria's small territory, fostering its scientific and technological know-how. The country has a strong tradition in mathematics, astronomy, physics, nuclear technology and sciences-oriented education, and has significant experience in medical and pharmaceutical research. The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), the leading scientific institution in the country, employs most of Bulgaria's researchers working in its numerous branches.  some of its most significant equipment remains non-operational due to severe mismanagement in the Ministry of Education and Science (responsible for funding scientific projects), such as an electrostatic accelerator, a research reactor and a neutron generator. The most powerful supercomputer in Eastern Europe (one of the top 100 in the world ), an IBM Blue Gene/P, entered service in September 2008 at the State Agency of Information Technology. Scientists from Sofia University and the BAS operate the machine. According to MENSA International, Bulgaria ranks 2nd in the world in Mensa IQ test-scores and its students rate second in the world in SAT scores.Also, international MENSA IQ testing completed in 2004 identified as the world's smartest woman (and one of the smartest people in the world) Daniela Simidchieva of Bulgaria, who has an IQ of 200.

text: , 47 universities operate within Bulgaria's small territory, fostering its scientific and technological know-how. The country has a strong tradition in mathematics, astronomy, physics, nuclear technology and sciences-oriented education, and has significant experience in medical and pharmaceutical research. The

text: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

text: (BAS), the leading scientific institution in the country, employs most of Bulgaria's researchers working in its numerous branches.  some of its most significant equipment remains non-operational due to severe mismanagement in the Ministry of Education and Science (responsible for funding scientific projects), such as an

text: electrostatic accelerator

text: , a

text: research reactor

text: and a

text: neutron generator

text: . The most powerful supercomputer in Eastern Europe (one of the top 100 in the world ), an IBM

text: Blue Gene

text: /P, entered service in September 2008 at the State Agency of Information Technology. Scientists from

text: Sofia University

text: and the BAS operate the machine. According to MENSA International, Bulgaria ranks 2nd in the world in Mensa IQ test-scores and its students rate second in the world in

text: SAT

text: scores.Also, international MENSA IQ testing completed in 2004 identified as the world's smartest woman (and one of the smartest people in the world) Daniela Simidchieva of Bulgaria, who has an IQ of 200.

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text: Greek astronomy is astronomy written in the Greek language in classical antiquity. Greek astronomy is understood to include the ancient Greek, Hellenistic, Greco-Roman, and Late Antiquity eras. It is not limited geographically to Greece or to ethnic Greeks, as the Greek language had become the language of scholarship throughout the Hellenistic world following the conquests of Alexander. This phase of Greek astronomy is also known as Hellenistic astronomy, while the pre-Hellenistic phase is known as Classical Greek astronomy. During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, much of the Greek and non-Greek astronomers working in the Greek tradition studied at the Musaeum and the Library of Alexandria in Ptolemaic Egypt.The development of astronomy by the Greek and Hellenistic astronomers is considered by historians to be a major phase in the history of astronomy. Greek astronomy is characterized from the start by seeking a rational, physical explanation for celestial phenomena.  Most of the constellations of the northern hemisphere derive from Greek astronomy, as are the names of all planets and moons and all stars in the Bayer designation.  It was influenced by Babylonian and, to a lesser extent, Egyptian astronomy; in turn, it influenced Indian, Arabic-Islamic and Western European astronomy.

text: Greek astronomy is

text: astronomy

text: written in the

text: Greek language

text: in

text: classical antiquity

text: . Greek astronomy is understood to include the

text: ancient Greek

text: Hellenistic

text: Greco-Roman

text: , and

text: Late Antiquity

text: eras. It is not limited

text: geographic

text: ally to

text: Greece

text: or to ethnic

text: Greeks

text: , as the Greek language had become the language of scholarship throughout the

text: Hellenistic world

text: following the conquests of

text: Alexander

text: . This phase of Greek astronomy is also known as Hellenistic astronomy, while the pre-Hellenistic phase is known as Classical Greek astronomy. During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, much of the Greek and non-Greek

text: astronomers

text: working in the Greek tradition studied at the

text: Musaeum

text: and the

text: Library of Alexandria

text: in

text: Ptolemaic Egypt

text: .The development of astronomy by the Greek and Hellenistic astronomers is considered by historians to be a major phase in the

text: history of astronomy

text: . Greek astronomy is characterized from the start by seeking a rational, physical explanation for celestial phenomena.  Most of the constellations of the northern hemisphere derive from Greek astronomy, as are the names of all planets and moons and all stars in the

text: Bayer designation

text: .  It was influenced by

text: Babylonian

text: and, to a lesser extent,

text: Egyptian astronomy

text: ; in turn, it influenced

text: Indian

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text: Campbell is acting associate laboratory director for the Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) of the Department of Energy, where she leads over 500 researchers and staff. She also oversees the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) facilities of the Department of Energy.  Their scientific work covers a broad range of initiatives in bioenergy, microbiology, biomedical science, environmental recovery, and climate science.

text: Campbell is acting associate laboratory director for the Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate at the

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text: , where she leads over 500 researchers and staff. She also oversees the

entity_name: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility

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text: Rare Earth attracted substantial attention, both in the media and academically. It has been cited by many subsequent articles in the field of geology and astrobiology. Christopher McKay wrote a positive review titled 'All Alone After All?', in the journal Science. The Times proclaimed it as an answer to the Copernican Principle. Discover described it as a "a wet blanket for E.T. enthusiasts". The book's rationale was also praised by media outlets including Newsday and The Economist. CNN described it as an answer to the Fermi paradox. Several astronomy sources also praised the book including Sky & Telescope, Astronomy magazine. Other science media also praised the book including American Scientist, Popular Mechanics, Physics Today and Science. Ward & Brownlee's Rare Earth Hypothesis has been further popularised in books along the same theme.

text: Rare Earth attracted substantial attention, both in the media and academically. It has been cited by many subsequent articles in the field of geology and astrobiology.

text: Christopher McKay

text: wrote a positive review titled 'All Alone After All?', in the journal

text: Science

text: The Times

text: proclaimed it as an answer to the

text: Copernican Principle

text: Discover

text: described it as a "a wet blanket for E.T. enthusiasts". The book's rationale was also praised by media outlets including

text: Newsday

text: and

text: The Economist

text: CNN

text: described it as an answer to the

text: Fermi paradox

text: . Several astronomy sources also praised the book including

text: Sky & Telescope

text: Astronomy magazine

text: . Other science media also praised the book including

text: American Scientist

text: Popular Mechanics

text: Physics Today

text: and Science. Ward & Brownlee's Rare Earth Hypothesis has been further popularised in books along the same theme.

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text: The study of the sequence of sedimentary rock strata is the main source for an understanding of the Earth's history, including palaeogeography, paleoclimatology and the history of life. The scientific discipline that studies the properties and origin of sedimentary rocks is called sedimentology. Sedimentology is part of both geology and physical geography and overlaps partly with other disciplines in the Earth sciences, such as pedology, geomorphology, geochemistry and structural geology. Sedimentary rocks have also been found on Mars.

text: The study of the sequence of sedimentary rock strata is the main source for an understanding of the

text: Earth's history

text: , including

text: palaeogeography

text: paleoclimatology

text: and the

text: history of life

text: . The

text: scientific discipline

text: that studies the properties and origin of sedimentary rocks is called

text: sedimentology

text: . Sedimentology is part of both

text: geology

text: and

text: physical geography

text: and overlaps partly with other disciplines in the

text: Earth science

text: s, such as

text: pedology

text: geomorphology

text: geochemistry

text: and

text: structural geology

text: . Sedimentary rocks have also been found on

text: Mars

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answers: Sedimentology

text: X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X-ray emission from celestial objects. X-radiation is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so instruments to detect X-rays must be taken to high altitude by balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites. X-ray astronomy is part of space science.

text: X-ray astronomy

text: is an observational branch of

text: astronomy

text: which deals with the study of

text: X-ray

text: emission from celestial objects.

text: X-radiation

text: is absorbed by the

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: , so instruments to detect X-rays must be taken to high altitude by

text: balloon

text: s,

text: sounding rocket

text: s, and

text: satellite

text: s. X-ray astronomy is part of

text: space science

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text: Systems geology can be seen as an integral part of the science of earth systems, "encompassing all components of the Earth system – air, life, rock and water – to gain a new and more comprehensive understanding of the world as we know it". Much of the background was set out in Solid-Earth Science and Society in 1993. Since then, considerable progress has resulted from large investments in geoinformatics by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the European Commission (EC), much of it implemented on their high-level computing networks. The concepts of Earth Systems are reflected in the teaching of geology. Nevertheless, geology has unique aspects that justify consideration of systems geology as a distinct subsystem. These include the availability of detailed world-wide geological mapping and stratigraphical classification, and the rapidly growing understanding of Earth history in terms of past configurations of geological objects and processes.

text: Systems geology can be seen as an integral part of the science of earth systems, "encompassing all components of the Earth system – air, life, rock and water – to gain a new and more comprehensive understanding of the world as we know it". Much of the background was set out in Solid-Earth Science and Society in 1993. Since then, considerable progress has resulted from large investments in

text: geoinformatics

text: by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the European Commission (EC), much of it implemented on their high-level computing networks. The concepts of Earth Systems are reflected in the teaching of geology. Nevertheless, geology has unique aspects that justify consideration of systems geology as a distinct subsystem. These include the availability of detailed world-wide geological mapping and stratigraphical classification, and the rapidly growing understanding of Earth history in terms of past configurations of geological objects and processes.

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text: Subsequently, Muller branched out into other areas of science, and in particular the Earth sciences.  His work has included attempting to understand the ice ages, dynamics at the core-mantle boundary, patterns of extinction and biodiversity through time, and the processes associated with impact cratering.  One of his most well known proposals is the Nemesis hypothesis suggesting the Sun could have an as yet undetected companion dwarf star, whose perturbations of the Oort cloud and subsequent effects on the flux of comets entering the inner Solar System could explain an apparent 26 million year periodicity in extinction events.

text: Subsequently, Muller branched out into other areas of science, and in particular the

text: Earth science

text: s.  His work has included attempting to understand the

text: ice age

text: s, dynamics at the

text: core-mantle boundary

text: , patterns of

text: extinction

text: and

text: biodiversity

text: through time, and the processes associated with

text: impact cratering

text: .  One of his most well known proposals is the

text: Nemesis hypothesis

text: suggesting the

text: Sun

text: could have an as yet undetected companion

text: dwarf star

text: , whose perturbations of the

text: Oort cloud

text: and subsequent effects on the flux of

text: comet

text: s entering the

text: inner Solar System

text: could explain an apparent 26 million year periodicity in

text: extinction event

text: s.

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text: Climatological temperatures substantially affect cloud cover and precipitation.  For instance, during the Last Glacial Maximum of 18,000 years ago, thermal-driven evaporation from the oceans onto continental landmasses was low, causing large areas of extreme desert, including polar deserts (cold but with low rates of cloud cover and precipitation). In contrast, the world's climate was cloudier and wetter than today near the start of the warm Atlantic Period of 8000 years ago.

text: Climatological temperatures substantially affect cloud cover and precipitation.  For instance, during the

text: Last Glacial Maximum

text: of 18,000 years ago, thermal-driven

text: evaporation

text: from the oceans onto continental landmasses was low, causing large areas of extreme desert, including

text: polar desert

text: s (cold but with low rates of cloud cover and precipitation). In contrast, the world's climate was cloudier and wetter than today near the start of the warm

text: Atlantic Period

text: of 8000 years ago.

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text: In contrast to meteorology, which focuses on short term weather systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems. It studies the periodicity of weather events over years to millennia, as well as changes in long-term average weather patterns, in relation to atmospheric conditions. Climatologists study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change.

text: In contrast to

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text: Climatologists

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text: The project Chasqui I, which initially was formative in nature, has evolved into a technological and scientific challenge for all members of the project. It is expected that Chasqui I allows to plant the foundations for future work in the area of small satellites and, to be increasing their size or number, give rise to satellite projects in different categories, in areas such as: communications, meteorology, remote sensing, earth images, navigation and oceanography.

text: The project Chasqui I, which initially was formative in nature, has evolved into a technological and scientific challenge for all members of the project. It is expected that Chasqui I allows to plant the foundations for future work in the area of small satellites and, to be increasing their size or number, give rise to satellite projects in different categories, in areas such as:

text: communications

text: meteorology

text: remote sensing

text: earth images

text: navigation

text: and oceanography.

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text: Several categories have been added, dropped, or merged throughout the years. Computer Science was dropped from the list in late 2002. Current Events was in the 2005 competition, but did not make a return. General Science was dropped for the high school competition and Astronomy was merged with Earth Science to create Earth and Space in 2011.

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text: Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences (including ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science,  and geodesy) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment.  Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.

text: Environmental science is an

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text: ) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science emerged from the fields of

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text: Enlightenment

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text: 2013: The First Iranian and First Armenian Earth Scientist ever honored by the Geological Society of America (GSA) during its 125th Anniversary Annual Conference Special Meeting Dedicated to his over 40-yr of research and contribution to the world Earth Science at Denver, Colorado, USA, in October 2013, Sessions 214 &  291, T188: Tethyan Evolution and Seismotectonics of Southwest Asia (GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics Division; GSA Quaternary Geology & Geomorphology Division; GSA Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Petrology, & Volcanology Division).

text: 2013: The First Iranian and First Armenian Earth Scientist ever honored by the Geological Society of America (GSA) during its 125th Anniversary Annual Conference Special Meeting Dedicated to his over 40-yr of research and contribution to the world Earth Science at Denver, Colorado, USA, in October 2013, Sessions 214 &  291, T188: Tethyan Evolution and Seismotectonics of Southwest Asia (GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics Division; GSA Quaternary Geology & Geomorphology Division; GSA Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Petrology, & Volcanology Division).

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text: The observation of Jupiter dates back to at least the Babylonian astronomers of the 7th or 8th century BC. The ancient Chinese also observed the orbit of Suìxīng (歲星) and established their cycle of 12 earthly branches based on its approximate number of years; the Chinese language still uses its name (simplified as 岁) when referring to years of age. By the 4th century BC, these observations had developed into the Chinese zodiac, with each year associated with a Tai Sui star and god controlling the region of the heavens opposite Jupiter's position in the night sky; these beliefs survive in some Taoist religious practices and in the East Asian zodiac's twelve animals, now often popularly assumed to be related to the arrival of the animals before Buddha. The Chinese historian Xi Zezong has claimed that Gan De, an ancient Chinese astronomer, discovered one of Jupiter's moons in 362 with the unaided eye. If accurate, this would predate Galileo's discovery by nearly two millennia.In his 2nd century work the Almagest, the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus constructed a geocentric planetary model based on deferents and epicycles to explain Jupiter's motion relative to Earth, giving its orbital period around Earth as 4332.38 days, or 11.86 years.In 499, Aryabhata, a mathematician–astronomer from the classical age of Indian mathematics and astronomy, also used a geocentric model to estimate Jupiter's period as 4332.2722 days, or 11.86 years.

text: The observation of Jupiter dates back to at least the

text: Babylonian astronomers

text: of the 7th or 8th century BC. The ancient Chinese also observed the orbit of Suìxīng (歲星) and established their cycle of 12

text: earthly branches

text: based on its approximate number of years; the

text: Chinese language

text: still uses its name (

text: simplified

text: as 岁) when referring to years of age. By the 4th century BC, these observations had developed into the

text: Chinese zodiac

text: , with each year associated with a

text: Tai Sui

text: star

text: and

text: god

text: controlling the region of the heavens opposite Jupiter's position in the night sky; these beliefs survive in some

text: Taoist

text: religious practices

text: and in the East Asian zodiac's twelve animals, now often

text: popularly assumed

text: to be related to the arrival of the animals before

text: Buddha

text: . The Chinese historian

text: Xi Zezong

text: has claimed that

text: Gan De

text: , an ancient

text: Chinese astronomer

text: , discovered one of

text: Jupiter's moons

text: in 362 with the unaided eye. If accurate, this would predate Galileo's discovery by nearly two millennia.In his 2nd century work the

text: Almagest

text: , the Hellenistic astronomer

text: Claudius Ptolemaeus

text: constructed a

text: geocentric

text: planetary model based on

text: deferent

text: s and

text: epicycle

text: s to explain Jupiter's motion relative to Earth, giving its orbital period around Earth as 4332.38 days, or 11.86 years.In 499,

text: Aryabhata

text: , a mathematician–astronomer from the classical age of

text: Indian mathematics

text: and

text: astronomy

text: , also used a geocentric model to estimate Jupiter's period as 4332.2722 days, or 11.86 years.

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text: In 1976, in Filieh, an area bordering the port city of Khorramshahr, the Persian GulfSouthern Branch of Jondi Shahpour University, Ahvaz (Shahid Chamran University), was established comprising two colleges: the College of Marine Sciences and the College of Maritime Management and Economics. But this newly established center was closed soon after due to the war imposed on Iran. This college recommenced academically in 1993, admitting 10 MS students in the fields of physical oceanography and marine biology on Shahid Chamran’s campus. With the start of the postwar reconstruction of the war torn cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr in 1998, the Southern Branch was moved back to Khorramshahr, expanding its academic scope by admitting undergraduate students in the fields of marine biology, environmental sciences and fisheries.

text: In 1976, in Filieh, an area bordering the port city of Khorramshahr, the Persian GulfSouthern Branch of Jondi Shahpour University, Ahvaz (Shahid Chamran University), was established comprising two colleges: the College of Marine Sciences and the College of Maritime Management and Economics. But this newly established center was closed soon after due to the war imposed on Iran. This college recommenced academically in 1993, admitting 10 MS students in the fields of physical oceanography and marine biology on Shahid Chamran’s campus. With the start of the postwar reconstruction of the war torn cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr in 1998, the Southern Branch was moved back to Khorramshahr, expanding its academic scope by admitting undergraduate students in the fields of marine biology, environmental sciences and fisheries.

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text: The Stone Science Library brings together books, journals, atlases, maps, photographs, and more in support of the Archaeology, Earth & Environment, and Earth Science and Geology departments, as well as the Center for Archaeological Studies, the Center for Remote Sensing.

text: The Stone Science Library brings together books, journals, atlases, maps, photographs, and more in support of the Archaeology, Earth & Environment, and Earth Science and Geology departments, as well as the Center for Archaeological Studies, the Center for Remote Sensing.

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text: The Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DEES) is the educational arm of Columbia University located on the Lamont–Doherty campus to train graduate and undergraduate students enrolled at the university and at Barnard College. The Lamont–Doherty office of DEES primarily supports the department's graduate program, though many undergraduate students take classes and conduct research at the Observatory. At any given time, between 80 and 90 Ph.D. students are working towards degrees in specialties that include aqueous geochemistry, atmospheric science, climate science, ecophysiology, geology, paleoclimatology, paleontology, physical oceanography, solid Earth geophysics, and solid Earth geochemistry. Specific programs at Lamont–Doherty are conducted with many education-affiliates at Columbia and elsewhere in the New York metro area.

text: The Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DEES) is the educational arm of Columbia University located on the Lamont–Doherty campus to train graduate and undergraduate students enrolled at the university and at Barnard College. The Lamont–Doherty office of DEES primarily supports the department's graduate program, though many undergraduate students take classes and conduct research at the Observatory. At any given time, between 80 and 90 Ph.D. students are working towards degrees in specialties that include aqueous geochemistry,

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text: . Specific programs at Lamont–Doherty are conducted with many education-affiliates at Columbia and elsewhere in the New York metro area.

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text: Robert Phillip Sharp (24 June 1911 – 25 May 2004) was an expert on the geological surfaces of the Earth and the planet Mars. Sharp served as the chairman of the Division of Geological Sciences at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) from 1952 to 1968.  He built the modern department and especially recruited new faculty in geochemistry, tectonic geomorphology, planetary science, and field geology.

text: Robert Phillip Sharp (24 June 1911 – 25 May 2004) was an expert on the

text: geological surfaces

text: of the

text: Earth

text: and the planet

text: Mars

text: . Sharp served as the chairman of the Division of Geological Sciences at

text: California Institute of Technology

text: (Caltech) from 1952 to 1968.  He built the modern department and especially recruited new faculty in

text: geochemistry

text: , tectonic geomorphology,

text: planetary science

text: , and field geology.

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text: |-| 23801 Erikgustafson ||  || Erik Olaf Gustafson, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project.  |-id=804| 23804 Haber ||  || Catherine Michelle Haber, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her behavioral science project.  |-id=808| 23808 Joshuahammer ||  || Joshua Wayne Hammer, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=809| 23809 Haswell ||  || John Douglas Reiji Haswell, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=811| 23811 Connorivens ||  || Connor Joseph Ivens, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his physical science project. |-id=812| 23812 Jannuzi ||  || Brigg Lowell Jannuzi, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his earth and space science project. |-id=814| 23814 Bethanylynne ||  || Bethany Lynne Johnson, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=816| 23816 Rohitkamat ||  || Rohit G. Kamat, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project. |-id=817| 23817 Gokulk ||  || Gokul Krishnan, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project.  |-id=818| 23818 Matthewlepow ||  || Matthew Brice Lepow, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his earth and space science project.  |-id=819| 23819 Tsuyoshi ||  ||  Tsuyoshi Terai (born 1983), Japanese researcher, of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. |-id=821| 23821 Morganmonroe ||  || Morgan McKay Monroe, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her physical science project. |-id=831| 23831 Mattmooney ||  || Matthew Michael Mooney, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project. |-id=833| 23833 Mowers ||  || Christopher Scott Mowers, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his physical science project. |-id=834| 23834 Mukhopadhyay ||  || Prithwis Kumar Mukhopadhyay, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project. |-id=837| 23837 Matthewnanni ||  || Matthew James Nanni, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project.  |-id=844| 23844 Raghvendra ||  || Shubha Srinivas Raghvendra, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her behavioral science project.  |-id=850| 23850 Ramaswami ||  || Keshav Ramaswami, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project.  |-id=851| 23851 Rottman-Yang ||  || Jaron Shalom Rottman-Yang, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=852| 23852 Laurierumker ||  || Laurie Ann Rumker, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project.  |-id=854| 23854 Rickschaffer ||  || Rick Schinco Schaffer, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project. |-id=855| 23855 Brandonshih ||  || Brandon H. Shih, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project.  |-id=858| 23858 Ambrosesoehn ||  || Ambrose Geoffrey Soehn, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his physical science project. |-id=861| 23861 Benjaminsong ||  || Benjamin Paul Song, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=865| 23865 Karlsorensen ||  || Karl Mikael Sorensen, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project.  |-id=867| 23867 Cathsoto ||  || Catherine Soto, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=875| 23875 Strube ||  || Katherine Michaela Strube, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her physical science project.  |-id=877| 23877 Gourmaud || 1998 SP || Jamy Gourmaud, French journalist, involved in the television science program C’est pas sorcier (see also 23882, 23890) |-id=879| 23879 Demura ||  || Hirohide Demura, Japanese lunar and planetary scientist. |-id=880| 23880 Tongil ||  || "Unification" in Korean|-id=882| 23882 Fredcourant ||  || Frédéric Courant, French journalist, animator of the television science program C’est pas sorcier (see also 23877, 23890) |-id=884| 23884 Karenharvey ||  || Karen L. Harvey, née Angle, American astrophysicist (solar physics researcher) and wife of American astrophysicist (solar physics researcher) John Warren (Jack) Harvey †|-id=886| 23886 Toshihamane ||  || Toshihiko Hamane (born 1963), curator of the Gunma Astronomical Observatory. |-id=887| 23887 Shinsukeabe ||  || Shinsuke Abe (born 1970), a pioneer in modern meteoroid and asteroid research. |-id=888| 23888 Daikinoshita ||  ||Kinoshita Daisuke (born 1974), of the Institute of Astronomy at the National Central University, Taiwan, studies asteroids and comets. He has also worked on instrumentation and operations at Lulin Observatory, and has contributed to the development of astronomy in Taiwan. |-id=889| 23889 Hermanngrassmann ||  || Hermann Günther Grassmann, German mathematician, physicist, linguist, scholar, and neohumanist*|-id=890| 23890 Quindou ||  || Sabine Quindou, French journalist, involved in the television science program C’est pas sorcier (see also 23877, 23882) |-id=893| 23893 Lauman ||  || Stephen W. Lauman (born 1974), an instrument maker at Lowell Observatory. |-id=894| 23894 Arikahiguchi ||  || Arika Higuchi (born 1979), a Japanese theoretical astronomer. |-id=895| 23895 Akikonakamura ||  || Akiko Nakamura (born 1964), a Japanese experimentalist in the field of planetary science. |-id=896| 23896 Tatsuaki ||  ||  Tatsuaki Hashimoto (born 1963) works on spacecraft guidance and control at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Tokyo. He was engaged in the attitude and orbit control systems of spacecraft such as the Hayabusa sample return mission to asteroid Itokawa. |-id=897| 23897 Daikuroda ||  ||  Kuroda Daisuke (born 1977), an astronomer at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. |-id=898| 23898 Takir ||  || Driss Takir (b. 1973), a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Ithaca College. |-id=899| 23899 Kornoš ||  || Leonard Kornoš (b. 1956), a lecturer at the Comenius University in Bratislava. |-id=900| 23900 Urakawa ||  || Seitaro Urakawa (born 1975), an astronomer who works at the Bisei Spaceguard Center. |}

text: 23801 Erikgustafson

text: ||  || Erik Olaf Gustafson, a finalist in the 2007

entity_name: Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge

text: Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge

text: (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project.  |-id=804|

text: 23804 Haber

text: ||  || Catherine Michelle Haber, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her behavioral science project.  |-id=808|

text: 23808 Joshuahammer

text: ||  || Joshua Wayne Hammer, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=809|

text: 23809 Haswell

text: ||  || John Douglas Reiji Haswell, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=811|

text: 23811 Connorivens

text: ||  || Connor Joseph Ivens, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his physical science project. |-id=812|

text: 23812 Jannuzi

text: ||  || Brigg Lowell Jannuzi, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his earth and space science project. |-id=814|

text: 23814 Bethanylynne

text: ||  || Bethany Lynne Johnson, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=816|

text: 23816 Rohitkamat

text: ||  || Rohit G. Kamat, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project. |-id=817|

text: 23817 Gokulk

text: ||  || Gokul Krishnan, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project.  |-id=818|

text: 23818 Matthewlepow

text: ||  || Matthew Brice Lepow, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his earth and space science project.  |-id=819|

text: 23819 Tsuyoshi

text: ||  ||  Tsuyoshi Terai (born 1983), Japanese researcher, of the

entity_name: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

text: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

text: . |-id=821|

text: 23821 Morganmonroe

text: ||  || Morgan McKay Monroe, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her physical science project. |-id=831|

text: 23831 Mattmooney

text: ||  || Matthew Michael Mooney, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project. |-id=833|

text: 23833 Mowers

text: ||  || Christopher Scott Mowers, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his physical science project. |-id=834|

text: 23834 Mukhopadhyay

text: ||  || Prithwis Kumar Mukhopadhyay, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project. |-id=837|

text: 23837 Matthewnanni

text: ||  || Matthew James Nanni, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project.  |-id=844|

text: 23844 Raghvendra

text: ||  || Shubha Srinivas Raghvendra, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her behavioral science project.  |-id=850|

text: 23850 Ramaswami

text: ||  || Keshav Ramaswami, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project.  |-id=851|

text: 23851 Rottman-Yang

text: ||  || Jaron Shalom Rottman-Yang, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=852|

text: 23852 Laurierumker

text: ||  || Laurie Ann Rumker, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project.  |-id=854|

text: 23854 Rickschaffer

text: ||  || Rick Schinco Schaffer, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project. |-id=855|

text: 23855 Brandonshih

text: ||  || Brandon H. Shih, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his environmental sciences project.  |-id=858|

text: 23858 Ambrosesoehn

text: ||  || Ambrose Geoffrey Soehn, a finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his physical science project. |-id=861|

text: 23861 Benjaminsong

text: ||  || Benjamin Paul Song, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=865|

text: 23865 Karlsorensen

text: ||  || Karl Mikael Sorensen, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for his botany and zoology project.  |-id=867|

text: 23867 Cathsoto

text: ||  || Catherine Soto, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her biochem, medicine, health, and microbiology project. |-id=875|

text: 23875 Strube

text: ||  || Katherine Michaela Strube, American finalist in the 2007 Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge (DCYSC), a middle school science competition, for her physical science project.  |-id=877|

text: 23877 Gourmaud

text: || 1998 SP || Jamy Gourmaud, French journalist, involved in the television science program C’est pas sorcier (see also 23882, 23890) |-id=879|

text: 23879 Demura

text: ||  || Hirohide Demura, Japanese lunar and planetary scientist. |-id=880|

text: 23880 Tongil

text: Unification

text: " in

text: Korean

text: 23882 Fredcourant

text: ||  || Frédéric Courant, French journalist, animator of the television science program C’est pas sorcier (see also 23877, 23890) |-id=884|

text: 23884 Karenharvey

text: Karen L. Harvey

text: , née Angle, American astrophysicist (solar physics researcher) and wife of American astrophysicist (solar physics researcher)

text: John Warren (Jack) Harvey

text: 23886 Toshihamane

text: ||  || Toshihiko Hamane (born 1963), curator of the

text: Gunma Astronomical Observatory

text: . |-id=887|

text: 23887 Shinsukeabe

text: ||  || Shinsuke Abe (born 1970), a pioneer in modern meteoroid and asteroid research. |-id=888|

text: 23888 Daikinoshita

text: ||  ||Kinoshita Daisuke (born 1974), of the Institute of Astronomy at the

text: National Central University

text: , Taiwan, studies asteroids and comets. He has also worked on instrumentation and operations at

text: Lulin Observatory

text: , and has contributed to the development of astronomy in Taiwan. |-id=889|

text: 23889 Hermanngrassmann

text: Hermann Günther Grassmann

text: , German mathematician, physicist, linguist, scholar, and neohumanist*|-id=890|

text: 23890 Quindou

text: ||  || Sabine Quindou, French journalist, involved in the television science program C’est pas sorcier (see also 23877, 23882) |-id=893|

text: 23893 Lauman

text: ||  || Stephen W. Lauman (born 1974), an instrument maker at

text: Lowell Observatory

text: . |-id=894|

text: 23894 Arikahiguchi

text: ||  || Arika Higuchi (born 1979), a Japanese theoretical astronomer. |-id=895|

text: 23895 Akikonakamura

text: ||  || Akiko Nakamura (born 1964), a Japanese experimentalist in the field of planetary science. |-id=896|

text: 23896 Tatsuaki

text: ||  ||  Tatsuaki Hashimoto (born 1963) works on spacecraft guidance and control at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Tokyo. He was engaged in the attitude and orbit control systems of spacecraft such as the Hayabusa sample return mission to asteroid Itokawa. |-id=897|

text: 23897 Daikuroda

text: ||  ||  Kuroda Daisuke (born 1977), an astronomer at the

text: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

text: . |-id=898|

text: 23898 Takir

text: ||  || Driss Takir (b. 1973), a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Ithaca College. |-id=899|

text: 23899 Kornoš

text: ||  || Leonard Kornoš (b. 1956), a lecturer at the

text: Comenius University

text: in Bratislava. |-id=900|

text: 23900 Urakawa

text: ||  || Seitaro Urakawa (born 1975), an astronomer who works at the

text: Bisei Spaceguard Center

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol comprising a visible mass of minute liquid droplets or frozen crystals, both of which are made of water or various chemicals.  The droplets or particles are suspended in the atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body. On Earth, clouds are formed by the saturation of air in the homosphere (which includes the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere). The air may be cooled to its dew point by a variety of atmospheric processes or it may gain moisture (usually in the form of water vapor) from an adjacent source.  Nephology is the science of clouds which is undertaken in the cloud physics branch of meteorology.

text: In

text: meteorology

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text: water

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text: chemical

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text: homosphere

text: (which includes the

text: troposphere

text: stratosphere

text: , and

text: mesosphere

text: ). The air may be cooled to its

text: dew point

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text: ) from an adjacent source.  Nephology is the science of clouds which is undertaken in the

text: cloud physics

text: branch of

text: meteorology

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: In September 1929 the Copenhagen Conference of Directors set up a technical Commission For Climatology, which held a meeting at Innsbruck discussing issues such as the relationship between dynamic meteorology and climatology. At its 1934 Wiesbaden meeting the Commission designated the thirty-year period from 1901 to 1930 as the reference time frame for climatological standard normals. the baseline for measuring climate fluctuations.

text: In September 1929 the Copenhagen Conference of Directors set up a technical Commission For Climatology, which held a meeting at Innsbruck discussing issues such as the relationship between dynamic meteorology and climatology. At its 1934 Wiesbaden meeting the Commission designated the thirty-year period from 1901 to 1930 as the reference time frame for climatological standard normals. the baseline for measuring climate fluctuations.

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text: The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) was created in 1990 with the purpose of studying climate change through research conducted in Antarctica.  Antarctica was chosen as the optimal site to study the atmosphere because of its remote location and relatively undisturbed environment.  Research in many fields has been conducted in Antarctica through ITASE, including astronomy, atmospheric sciences, biology, earth sciences, environmental science, geology, glaciology, marine biology, oceanography, and geophysics.

text: The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) was created in 1990 with the purpose of studying climate change through research conducted in

text: Antarctica

text: .  Antarctica was chosen as the optimal site to study the atmosphere because of its remote location and relatively undisturbed environment.  Research in many fields has been conducted in Antarctica through ITASE, including astronomy, atmospheric sciences, biology, earth sciences, environmental science, geology, glaciology, marine biology, oceanography, and geophysics.

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text: Launched in 2015, the Monash Earth Sciences Garden offers a brand new, hands-on approach to teaching geology, physical geography and atmospheric sciences.

text: Launched in 2015, the Monash Earth Sciences Garden offers a brand new, hands-on approach to teaching geology, physical geography and atmospheric sciences.

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text: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B. Soil and Plant Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists. It covers environmental sciences, botany, earth sciences, physical geography, ecology, and the soil sciences of relevance to agriculture. The editor-in-chief is Anna Mårtensson (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences).

text: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B. Soil and Plant Science is a

text: peer-reviewed

text: scientific journal

text: published by

text: Taylor & Francis

text: on behalf of the

text: Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists

text: . It covers

text: environmental science

text: s,

text: botany

text: earth science

text: s,

text: physical geography

text: ecology

text: , and the

text: soil science

text: s of relevance to

text: agriculture

text: . The

text: editor-in-chief

text: is Anna Mårtensson (

entity_name: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

text: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

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text: Three Credits of Science are needed to graduate. Integrated Science (formerly known as Earth Sciences), Biology, Chemistry, Anatomy, Physics, Zoology, Marine Biology, Environmental Science, and the Veterinary Academy are all offered, and in the 2010–2011 school year, Forensic Science will be offered.

text: Three Credits of Science are needed to graduate. Integrated Science (formerly known as Earth Sciences),

text: Biology

text: Chemistry

text: Anatomy

text: Physics

text: Zoology

text: Marine Biology

text: Environmental Science

text: , and the Veterinary Academy are all offered, and in the 2010–2011 school year,

text: Forensic Science

text: will be offered.

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text: Jakosky heads the University of Colorado at Boulder team within the NASA Astrobiology Institute. He serves on numerous national advisory committees. He serves as an associate director at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He is an expert in Earth and planetary geology and extraterrestrial life, including both the science and the societal and philosophical issues relating to the science. His research interests are in the geology of planetary surfaces, specifically the geology of Mars, the evolution of the martian atmosphere and climate, atmospheric chemistry, the potential for life on Mars and elsewhere, and the philosophical and societal issues in astrobiology.

text: Jakosky heads the

text: University of Colorado at Boulder

text: team within the

text: NASA Astrobiology Institute

text: . He serves on numerous national advisory committees. He serves as an associate director at the

entity_name: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

text: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

text: at the

text: University of Colorado at Boulder

text: . He is an expert in Earth and planetary

text: geology

text: and

text: extraterrestrial life

text: , including both the science and the societal and philosophical issues relating to the science. His research interests are in the

text: geology

text: of planetary surfaces, specifically the

text: geology of Mars

text: , the evolution of the

text: martian atmosphere

text: and climate,

text: atmospheric chemistry

text: , the potential for

text: life on Mars

text: and elsewhere, and the philosophical and societal issues in astrobiology.

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text: Geology is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth. The field of geology encompasses the study of the composition, structure, physical properties, dynamics, and history of Earth materials, and the processes by which they are formed, moved, and changed. The field is a major academic discipline, and is also important for mineral and hydrocarbon extraction, knowledge about and mitigation of natural hazards, some Geotechnical engineering fields, and understanding past climates and environments.

text: Geology is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the

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text: Deakin received the highest rating possible for its research in Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Materials Engineering, Human Movement and Sports Science, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and in Medical Physiology. The university's research was also found to be above world standard in Physical Chemistry, Environmental Science and Management, Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Nanotechnology, Zoology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health and Health Services and Performing Arts and Creative Writing.

text: Deakin received the highest rating possible for its research in Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Materials Engineering, Human Movement and Sports Science, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and in Medical Physiology. The university's research was also found to be above world standard in Physical Chemistry, Environmental Science and Management, Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Nanotechnology, Zoology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health and Health Services and Performing Arts and Creative Writing.

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text: The natural science of astronomy is the study of celestial objects, observations and phenomena in the night sky. The ancient discipline of astronomy is the key method of calculating a date and time. A star in a solar system is the source of light which creates the stellar day, the rotation period of orbiting planets regulates the seasons on a planet surface, this combination is monitored and recorded by a calendar.

text: The

text: natural science

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text: astronomy

text: is the study of

text: celestial object

text: s, observations and phenomena in the

text: night sky

text: . The

text: ancient discipline

text: of astronomy is the key method of calculating a

text: date

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text: . A

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text: light

text: which creates the

text: stellar day

text: , the

text: rotation period

text: of

text: orbit

text: ing

text: planet

text: s regulates the

text: season

text: s on a

text: planet surface

text: , this combination is monitored and recorded by a calendar.

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text: Currently, Dr. Timothy Heaton is a professor of Earth Sciences at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion and chair person of the Earth Sciences and Physics Department. He has taught courses such as Historical Geology, Oceanography, Paleontology and the Evolution-Creation debate.

text: Currently, Dr. Timothy Heaton is a professor of

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text: University of South Dakota

text: , Vermillion and chair person of the Earth Sciences and Physics Department. He has taught courses such as Historical Geology, Oceanography, Paleontology and the

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text: Established by the Pakistan Navy in 2000, its status is granted as Semi-Government. It offers programmes in undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctoral studies.  Its research is  directed towards the development of engineering, philosophy, natural, social, and medical sciences. Bahria is a comprehensive university having multidisciplinary programs that includes Health Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Computer Sciences, Management Sciences, Social Sciences, Law, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Psychology and Maritime Studies. The university is one of the top institution of higher learning in the country and secured 23rd in among country's top thirty and most notable universities in "general category" by the HEC, as of 2016. The university is a member of the  Association of Commonwealth Universities of the United Kingdom.

text: Established by the

text: Pakistan Navy

text: in 2000, its status is granted as Semi-Government. It offers programmes in

text: undergraduate

text: post-graduate

text: , and

text: doctoral studies

text: .  Its research is  directed towards the development of engineering, philosophy,

text: natural

text: social

text: , and

text: medical science

text: s. Bahria is a comprehensive university having multidisciplinary programs that includes Health Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Computer Sciences, Management Sciences, Social Sciences, Law, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Psychology and Maritime Studies. The university is one of the top institution of higher learning in the country and secured 23rd in among country's top thirty and most notable universities in "general category" by the

text: HEC

text: , as of 2016. The university is a member of the

entity_name: Association of Commonwealth Universities

text: Association of Commonwealth Universities

text: of the

text: United Kingdom

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answers: Earth and Environmental Sciences

text: Meteorology studies weather, while climatology studies climate; both are atmospheric sciences.

text: Meteorology

text: studies weather, while

text: climatology

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answers: Meteorology studies weather

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answers: Humans have had relatively little impact on the oceans

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answers: Meteorology studies weather

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answers: Meteorology studies weather

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answers: Fossil fuels

text: The level of understanding of Earth has increased markedly in recent times through science especially with the application of the scientific method. Environmental science is now a multi-disciplinary academic study taught and researched at many universities. This is used as a basis for addressing environmental issues.

text: The level of understanding of

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text: has increased markedly in recent times through

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text: Climatological and Meteorological studies

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text: |-id=002| 26002 Angelayeung ||  || 26002 Angelayeung Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Angela Yu-Yun Yeung (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her materials and bioengineering project. She attends the Davis Senior High School, Davis, California.|-id=004| 26004 Loriying ||  || 26004 Loriying Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Lori Ying (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her animal sciences project. She attends the South Side High School, Rockville Centre, New York.|-id=005| 26005 Alicezhao ||  || 26005 Alicezhao Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Alice Wei Zhao (b. 1993) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her materials and bioengineering project. She attends the Sheboygan North High School, Sheboygan, Wisconsin.|-id=007| 26007 Lindazhou ||  || 26007 Lindazhou Discovered 2001 Mar. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Linda Zhou (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.|-id=013| 26013 Amandalonzo ||  || 26013 Amandalonzo Discovered 2001 Mar. 24 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amanda Alonzo mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California.|-id=027| 26027 Cotopaxi || 4861 P-L || Cotopaxi, the 5897-m active volcano situated in the Andes in Ecuador, south of Quito. |-id=057| 26057 Ankaios || 4742 T-2 || Ancaeus, in Greek mythology, one of the Argonauts, father of Agapenor. |-id=074| 26074 Carlwirtz || 1977 TD || Carl Wilhelm Wirtz, 19th-20th-century German astronomer, the first, in 1924, to prove the existence of a redshift-distance relationship for spiral nebulae |-id=075| 26075 Levitsvet ||  || 26075 Levitsvet Discovered 1978 Aug. 8 by N. S. Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Lev Ivanovich Tsvetkov (b. 1938), head of the laboratory of radio astronomy of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 2002, is known for designing and developing instrumentation for observations of solar radio emission, for seeking and identifying global oscillations of the sun and for forecasting solar activity.|-id=080| 26080 Pablomarques || 1980 EF || Pablo Gutierrez-Marques (b. 1975), of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, had significant responsibility for the acquisition and processing of the scientific images of Vesta obtained by the Dawn spacecraft. |-id=087| 26087 Zhuravleva ||  || Lyudmila Vasil'evna Zhuravleva, a staff member of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy from 1972 to 1998. |}

text: 26002 Angelayeung

text: ||  || 26002 Angelayeung Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Angela Yu-Yun Yeung (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her materials and bioengineering project. She attends the Davis Senior High School, Davis, California.|-id=004|

text: 26004 Loriying

text: ||  || 26004 Loriying Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Lori Ying (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her animal sciences project. She attends the South Side High School, Rockville Centre, New York.|-id=005|

text: 26005 Alicezhao

text: ||  || 26005 Alicezhao Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Alice Wei Zhao (b. 1993) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her materials and bioengineering project. She attends the Sheboygan North High School, Sheboygan, Wisconsin.|-id=007|

text: 26007 Lindazhou

text: ||  || 26007 Lindazhou Discovered 2001 Mar. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Linda Zhou (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.|-id=013|

text: 26013 Amandalonzo

text: ||  || 26013 Amandalonzo Discovered 2001 Mar. 24 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amanda Alonzo mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California.|-id=027|

text: 26027 Cotopaxi

text: || 4861 P-L ||

text: Cotopaxi

text: , the 5897-m active volcano situated in the

text: Andes

text: in

text: Ecuador

text: , south of

text: Quito

text: . |-id=057|

text: 26057 Ankaios

text: || 4742 T-2 ||

text: Ancaeus

text: , in

text: Greek mythology

text: , one of the

text: Argonauts

text: , father of

text: Agapenor

text: . |-id=074|

text: 26074 Carlwirtz

text: || 1977 TD ||

text: Carl Wilhelm Wirtz

text: , 19th-20th-century German astronomer, the first, in 1924, to prove the existence of a redshift-distance relationship for spiral nebulae |-id=075|

text: 26075 Levitsvet

text: ||  || 26075 Levitsvet Discovered 1978 Aug. 8 by N. S. Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Lev Ivanovich Tsvetkov (b. 1938), head of the laboratory of radio astronomy of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 2002, is known for designing and developing instrumentation for observations of solar radio emission, for seeking and identifying global oscillations of the sun and for forecasting solar activity.|-id=080|

text: 26080 Pablomarques

text: || 1980 EF || Pablo Gutierrez-Marques (b. 1975), of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, had significant responsibility for the acquisition and processing of the scientific images of Vesta obtained by the Dawn spacecraft. |-id=087|

text: 26087 Zhuravleva

text: Lyudmila Vasil'evna Zhuravleva

text: , a staff member of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy from 1972 to 1998. |}

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answers: Socorro.

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answers: Asteroid Research Team at Socorro

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answers: Earth Asteroid Research Team

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answers: Earth's oceans.

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answers: Earth Asteroid Research Team

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answers: a weather vane, a compass, a compass, a compass, a compass, and a compass.

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answers: Socorro. Angela Yu-Yun Yeung (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her materials and bioengineering project.

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answers: Socorro. Linda Zhou (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.

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answers: Socorro. Linda Zhou (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.

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answers: Earth Asteroid Research Team.

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answers: Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amandalonzo is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.

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answers: Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro.

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answers: Steroid Research Team at Socorro. Amanda Zhou (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.

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answers: Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amandalonzo (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.

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answers: Oceanography is a branch of astronomy.

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answers: Team at Socorro. Amanda Lónzo (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.

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answers: Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amanda Lónzo (b. 1992) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her biochemistry project. She attends the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.

text: In 1891, a group of amateurs in Australia began discussing the idea of setting up branches of the BAA in their own country. Only the first of these, the New South Wales Branch established in 1895, would survive for more than a brief period. This branch became the second oldest astronomy organisation in Australia.

text: In 1891, a group of amateurs in Australia began discussing the idea of setting up branches of the BAA in their own country. Only the first of these, the New South Wales Branch established in 1895, would survive for more than a brief period. This branch became the second oldest astronomy organisation in Australia.

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answers: Oceans have not been impacted by humans.

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answers: Fossil fuels

text: Epstein's paper “A Spectral Climatology” appeared in the first issue of The Journal of Climate, which began to be published by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) in 1988. In October1988, The Journal of Climate published a paper written by Epstein and A.G. Barnston, “A Precipitation Climatology of Five-Day Periods,” in which the authors, according to the abstract, develop a “precipitation climatology...for the relative frequencies of zero, one, or two or mere days with measurable precipitation within 5-day periods. The purpose of the climatology is to provide background for the development and introduction of extended-range (6- to 10-day forecast period) precipitation forecasts in terms of the probabilities of the three categories.”

text: Epstein's paper “A Spectral Climatology” appeared in the first issue of The Journal of Climate, which began to be published by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) in 1988. In October1988, The Journal of Climate published a paper written by Epstein and A.G. Barnston, “A Precipitation Climatology of Five-Day Periods,” in which the authors, according to the abstract, develop a “precipitation climatology...for the relative frequencies of zero, one, or two or mere days with measurable precipitation within 5-day periods. The purpose of the climatology is to provide background for the development and introduction of extended-range (6- to 10-day forecast period) precipitation forecasts in terms of the probabilities of the three categories.”

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text: The Sedgwick Club is the official student geological society at the University of Cambridge, and is the oldest student-run geological society in the world. It aims to promote the subject of geology among its members through regular talks and social events. It is based in the Department of Earth Sciences.

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text: Earthwatch Institute is an international nonprofit organization that brings science to life for people concerned about the Earth’s future. Founded by Citron and Truesdell in 1969, Earthwatch supports scientific field research by offering volunteers the opportunity to join research teams around the world. This unique model is creating a systematic change in how the public views science and its role in environmental sustainability.

text: Earthwatch Institute

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text: Before tools such as the telescope were invented, early study of the stars was conducted using the naked eye. As civilizations developed, most notably in Mesopotamia, Greece, India, China, Egypt, and Central America, astronomical observatories were assembled, and ideas on the nature of the Universe began to be explored. Most of early astronomy actually consisted of mapping the positions of the stars and planets, a science now referred to as astrometry. From these observations, early ideas about the motions of the planets were formed, and the nature of the Sun, Moon and the Earth in the Universe were explored philosophically. The Earth was believed to be the center of the Universe with the Sun, the Moon and the stars rotating around it. This is known as the geocentric model of the Universe, or the Ptolemaic system, named after Ptolemy.

text: Before tools such as the telescope were invented, early study of the stars was conducted using the naked eye. As civilizations developed, most notably in

text: Mesopotamia

text: Greece

text: India

text: China

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text: , and

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text: , astronomical observatories were assembled, and ideas on the nature of the Universe began to be explored. Most of early astronomy actually consisted of mapping the positions of the stars and planets, a science now referred to as

text: astrometry

text: . From these observations, early ideas about the motions of the planets were formed, and the nature of the Sun, Moon and the Earth in the Universe were explored philosophically. The Earth was believed to be the center of the Universe with the Sun, the Moon and the stars rotating around it. This is known as the

text: geocentric model

text: of the Universe, or the

text: Ptolemaic system

text: , named after

text: Ptolemy

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text: The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (sometimes referred to as SIO, Scripps Oceanography, or Scripps) in San Diego, California, founded in 1903, is one of the oldest and largest centers for ocean and Earth science research, public service, undergraduate and graduate training in the world.  Hundreds of ocean and Earth scientists conduct research with the aid of oceanographic research vessels and shorebased laboratories. Its Old Scripps Building is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. SIO is a department of the University of California, San Diego.  The public explorations center of the institution is the Birch Aquarium at Scripps.  Since becoming part of the University of California in 1912, the institution has expanded its scope to include studies of the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of Earth.

text: The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (sometimes referred to as SIO, Scripps Oceanography, or Scripps) in

text: San Diego, California

text: , founded in 1903, is one of the oldest and largest centers for

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text: , public service, undergraduate and graduate training in the world.  Hundreds of ocean and Earth scientists conduct research with the aid of oceanographic

text: research vessel

text: s and shorebased laboratories. Its

text: Old Scripps Building

text: is a U.S.

text: National Historic Landmark

text: . SIO is a department of the

text: University of California, San Diego

text: .  The public explorations center of the institution is the

text: Birch Aquarium

text: at Scripps.  Since becoming part of the University of California in 1912, the institution has expanded its scope to include studies of the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of Earth.

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text: Meteorological observation and recording by Europeans in Australia commenced with the arrival of the First Fleet and spread across the continent with the tide of settlement. By the end of the 19th century the importance of meteorology was recognised and most colonies had established their own meteorological services, including Queensland from 1887. They prepared daily weather charts, issued forecasts and had begun the development of a climatological data bank. Following Federation, the Commonwealth Government assumed national responsibility for meteorological services when legislation creating the Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology was passed in 1906. From its inception until the late 1980s the Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology concentrated upon providing accurate short-term weather forecasts and creating a record of Australian weather observations. Finally in the 1990s, Australian scientists emerged as experts in the preparation of seasonal outlooks for the practical application to agriculture and other sectors.

text: Meteorological observation and recording by Europeans in Australia commenced with the arrival of the

text: First Fleet

text: and spread across the continent with the tide of settlement. By the end of the 19th century the importance of meteorology was recognised and most colonies had established their own meteorological services, including Queensland from 1887. They prepared daily weather charts, issued forecasts and had begun the development of a climatological data bank. Following

text: Federation

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text: As declared in the JGSI, the Society was established on May 28, 1958 to promote the cause of advanced study and research in all branches of earth system science.

text: As declared in the JGSI, the Society was established on May 28, 1958 to promote the cause of advanced study and research in all branches of

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text: In 1860, Isabella Duncan wrote Pre-Adamite Man, Or, The Story of Our Old Planet and Its Inhabitants, Told by Scripture & Science, a mixture of geology and scriptural interpretation. The book was popular among a number of geologists because it mixed biblical events with science. She suggested that the pre-Adamites are today's angels. Being that they were without sin (for sin did not enter the world until Adam disobeyed God) there was no reason for them not to have been at least raptured into heaven, anticipating what would again occur with the second coming of Jesus Christ. Duncan also believed that some angels had sinned and fell to become demons. Duncan supposed that such an upheaval would leave geological scars on the earth. The concept of ice ages, pioneered by Louis Agassiz, seemed to provide evidence of such events, drawing the line between the pre-Adamic era and the modern one (which she posited began about 6,000 years ago).

text: In 1860,

text: Isabella Duncan

text: wrote Pre-Adamite Man, Or, The Story of Our Old Planet and Its Inhabitants, Told by Scripture & Science, a mixture of

text: geology

text: and scriptural interpretation. The book was popular among a number of geologists because it mixed biblical events with science. She suggested that the pre-Adamites are today's

text: angel

text: s. Being that they were without

text: sin

text: (for sin did not enter the world until Adam disobeyed God) there was no reason for them not to have been at least

text: rapture

text: d into

text: heaven

text: , anticipating what would again occur with the

text: second coming of Jesus Christ

text: . Duncan also believed that some angels had sinned and fell to become

text: demon

text: s. Duncan supposed that such an upheaval would leave geological scars on the earth. The concept of

text: ice age

text: s, pioneered by

text: Louis Agassiz

text: , seemed to provide evidence of such events, drawing the line between the pre-Adamic era and the modern one (which she posited began about 6,000 years ago).

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text: Unified Model suites which are similar to those from the Met Office are run by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the South African Weather Service, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, the [South] Korea Meteorological Administration and the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, a subordinate office of the Indian Ministry of Earth Sciences.

text: Unified Model suites which are similar to those from the Met Office are run by the Australian

text: Bureau of Meteorology

text: , the Australian

entity_name: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

text: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

text: , the

text: South African Weather Service

text: , the

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text: , the New Zealand

entity_name: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

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text: , the [South]

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text: and the

entity_name: National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting

text: National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting

text: , a subordinate office of the Indian

text: Ministry of Earth Sciences

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text: In April 2010, U.S. News & World Report ranked the Jackson School of Geosciences ninth among U.S. earth science graduate programs. In addition to the overall ranking, the Jackson School earned top 10 rankings in two of four earth science specialty areas, placing No. 3 in geology and No. 6 in geophysics and seismology. Other areas in which the school is actively involved are paleontology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, hydrology, environmental geology, climate, petroleum exploration, petrology, geochemistry, structural geology and tectonics.

text: In April 2010,

text: U.S. News & World Report

text: ranked the Jackson School of Geosciences ninth among U.S. earth science graduate programs. In addition to the overall ranking, the Jackson School earned top 10 rankings in two of four earth science specialty areas, placing No. 3 in geology and No. 6 in geophysics and seismology. Other areas in which the school is actively involved are paleontology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, hydrology, environmental geology, climate, petroleum exploration, petrology, geochemistry, structural geology and tectonics.

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text: The CSIRO Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research was formed in 2005 as a result of a merger between the former CSIRO Division of Marine Research, with laboratories in Hobart, Cleveland, and Perth, and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, with laboratories in Aspendale and Canberra. The Division of Marine Research was itself formed in 1997 as a merger between two previous CSIRO Divisions, the Division of Fisheries Research and the Division of Oceanography.Its research is in the areas of Marine science (including Marine biology, Fisheries science, and Oceanography) and Atmospheric sciences.

text: The CSIRO Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research was formed in 2005 as a result of a merger between the former CSIRO Division of Marine Research, with laboratories in Hobart, Cleveland, and Perth, and CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, with laboratories in Aspendale and Canberra. The Division of Marine Research was itself formed in 1997 as a merger between two previous CSIRO Divisions, the Division of Fisheries Research and the Division of Oceanography.Its research is in the areas of

text: Marine science

text: (including

text: Marine biology

text: Fisheries science

text: , and

text: Oceanography

text: ) and

text: Atmospheric sciences

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text: DeFries received her Ph.D. in 1980 from the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering at Johns Hopkins University and her B.A. in Earth Science in 1976 from Washington University. In April 2016, Columbia University named her a University Professor, its highest academic rank. She had previously been the Denning Family Professor of Sustainable Development in Columbia's Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology. Before moving to Columbia in 2008, she was a professor at the University of Maryland, College Park with joint appointments in the Department of Geography and the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center.

text: DeFries received her Ph.D. in 1980 from the Department of Geography and

text: Environmental Engineering

text: at

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: and her B.A. in Earth Science in 1976 from

text: Washington University

text: . In April 2016,

text: Columbia University

text: named her a University Professor, its highest academic rank. She had previously been the Denning Family Professor of

text: Sustainable Development

text: in Columbia's Department of

text: Ecology

text: Evolution

text: , and

text: Environmental Biology

text: . Before moving to Columbia in 2008, she was a professor at the

text: University of Maryland, College Park

text: with joint appointments in the Department of Geography and the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center.

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text: Climatology is approached in a variety of ways. Paleoclimatology seeks to reconstruct past climates by examining records such as ice cores and tree rings (dendroclimatology).  Paleotempestology uses these same records to help determine hurricane frequency over millennia.  The study of contemporary climates incorporates meteorological data accumulated over many years, such as records of rainfall, temperature and atmospheric composition. Knowledge of the atmosphere and its dynamics is also embodied in models, either statistical or mathematical, which help by integrating different observations and testing how they fit together. Modeling is used for understanding past, present and potential future climates. Historical climatology is the study of climate as related to human history and thus focuses only on the last few thousand years.

text: Climatology is approached in a variety of ways.

text: Paleoclimatology

text: seeks to reconstruct past climates by examining records such as

text: ice cores

text: and

text: tree rings

text: dendroclimatology

text: Paleotempestology

text: uses these same records to help determine hurricane frequency over millennia.  The study of contemporary climates incorporates meteorological data accumulated over many years, such as records of rainfall, temperature and atmospheric composition. Knowledge of the atmosphere and its dynamics is also embodied in

text: models

text: , either

text: statistical

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text: mathematical

text: , which help by integrating different observations and testing how they fit together. Modeling is used for understanding past, present and potential future climates.

text: Historical climatology

text: is the study of climate as related to human history and thus focuses only on the last few thousand years.

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text: The hospital’s former lands now house the Environmental Campus Birkenfeld (Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld), a branch of the Trier University of Applied Sciences.

text: The hospital’s former lands now house the

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text: Science: Biology, Chemistry, Geography and Earth Sciences, Home Economics, Physics, Mathematical Sciences.

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text: Early departments that have now been spun off into research schools of their own include the departments of Astronomy and Geophysics and Geochemistry. Geophysics and Geochemistry separated into the Research School of Earth Sciences in 1973. Mount Stromlo Observatory became part of the Department of Astronomy in 1957. While part of the school, the Department of Astronomy developed Siding Spring Observatory and installed many new telescopes at Mount Stromlo Observatory. It separated into the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics in 1986.

text: Early departments that have now been spun off into research schools of their own include the departments of Astronomy and Geophysics and Geochemistry. Geophysics and Geochemistry separated into the Research School of Earth Sciences in 1973.

text: Mount Stromlo Observatory

text: became part of the Department of Astronomy in 1957. While part of the school, the Department of Astronomy developed

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text: . It separated into the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics in 1986.

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text: Astronomy can now be performed by amateurs thanks to the availability of binoculars and telescopes. Many amateur astronomers make a contribution to astronomy by monitoring variable stars, tracking asteroids and discovering transient objects, such as comets. In fact, amateur astronomer Thomas Bopp is co-credited with discovering Comet Halle-Bopp.

text: Astronomy can now be performed by amateurs thanks to the availability of binoculars and telescopes. Many amateur astronomers make a contribution to astronomy by monitoring variable stars, tracking asteroids and discovering transient objects, such as comets. In fact, amateur astronomer

text: Thomas Bopp

text: is co-credited with discovering Comet Halle-Bopp.

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text: One of its main focus areas is to partner with national and international organizations and institutions to run on-ground science awareness and motivation campaigns. Activities organized around the International Year of Astronomy inspired thousands of students around the country and the impact was acknowledged both home and abroad. Currently it is running a nationwide science awareness movement in partnership with Alif Ailaan reaching out to public and private schools in remote areas of Pakistan.

text: One of its main focus areas is to partner with national and international organizations and institutions to run on-ground science awareness and motivation campaigns. Activities organized around the

text: International Year of Astronomy

text: inspired thousands of students around the country and the impact was acknowledged both home and abroad. Currently it is running a nationwide science awareness movement in partnership with

text: Alif Ailaan

text: reaching out to public and private schools in remote areas of Pakistan.

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text: Advances in physical oceanography occurred in the 20th century. Sea depth by acoustic measurements of was first made in 1914. The German "Meteor" expedition gathered 70,000 ocean depth measurements using an echo sounder, surveying the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 1925 and 1927. The Great Global Rift was discovered by Maurice Ewing and Bruce Heezen in 1953 while the mountain range under the Arctic was found in 1954 by the Arctic Institute of the USSR. The theory of seafloor spreading was developed in 1960 by Harry Hammond Hess. The Ocean Drilling Program started in 1966. There has been much emphasis on the application of large scale computers to oceanography to allow numerical predictions of ocean conditions and as a part of overall environmental change prediction.

text: Advances in

text: physical oceanography

text: occurred in the 20th century. Sea depth by acoustic measurements of was first made in 1914. The German "Meteor" expedition gathered 70,000 ocean depth measurements using an

text: echo sounder

text: , surveying the

text: Mid-Atlantic Ridge

text: between 1925 and 1927. The

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text: was discovered by

text: Maurice Ewing

text: and

text: Bruce Heezen

text: in 1953 while the mountain range under the Arctic was found in 1954 by the

text: Arctic Institute of the USSR

text: . The theory of seafloor spreading was developed in 1960 by

text: Harry Hammond Hess

text: . The

text: Ocean Drilling Program

text: started in 1966. There has been much emphasis on the application of large scale computers to oceanography to allow numerical predictions of ocean conditions and as a part of overall environmental change prediction.

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text: The units of atmospheric pressure commonly used in meteorology were formerly the bar, which was close to the average air pressure on Earth, and the millibar. Since the introduction of SI units, meteorologists generally measure pressures in hectopascals (hPa) unit, equal to 100 pascals or 1 millibar. Exceptions include Canada and Portugal, which use kilopascals (kPa). In many other fields of science, the SI is preferred, which means Pa with a prefix (in multiples of 1000) is preferred.

text: The units of atmospheric pressure commonly used in

text: meteorology

text: were formerly the

text: bar

text: , which was close to the average air pressure on Earth, and the

text: millibar

text: . Since the introduction of

text: SI units

text: , meteorologists generally measure pressures in hectopascals (hPa) unit, equal to 100 pascals or 1 millibar. Exceptions include Canada and Portugal, which use kilopascals (kPa). In many other fields of science, the SI is preferred, which means Pa with a prefix (in multiples of 1000) is preferred.

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text: Spherical astronomy or positional astronomy is the branch of astronomy that is used to determine the location of objects on the celestial sphere, as seen at a particular date, time, and location on Earth. It relies on the mathematical methods of spherical geometry and the measurements of astrometry.

text: Spherical astronomy or positional astronomy is the branch of

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text: celestial sphere

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text: Earth

text: . It relies on the mathematical methods of

text: spherical geometry

text: and the measurements of

text: astrometry

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text: When deep ocean water is brought to the surface, it can be used for a variety of things. Its most useful property is its temperature. At the surface of the Earth, most water and air is well above 3 °C. The difference in temperature is indicative of a difference in energy. Where there is an energy gradient, skillful application of science and engineering can harness that energy for productive use by humans. Assuming the source of deep ocean water is environmentally friendly and replenished by natural mechanisms, it forms a more innovative basis for cleaner energy than current fossil-fuel-derived energy.

text: When deep ocean water is brought to the surface, it can be used for a variety of things. Its most useful property is its temperature. At the surface of the Earth, most water and air is well above 3 °C. The difference in temperature is indicative of a difference in

text: energy

text: . Where there is an energy

text: gradient

text: , skillful application of science and engineering can harness that energy for productive use by humans. Assuming the source of deep ocean water is environmentally friendly and replenished by natural mechanisms, it forms a more innovative basis for cleaner energy than current fossil-fuel-derived energy.

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text: The annual mean temperature at the measuring station of the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology in Zürich-Fluntern ( above sea level on the slope of the Zürichberg,  above the level of the city centre) is . The lowest monthly mean of daily minimum temperature are measured in January with  and the highest monthly mean of daily maximum temperature are measured in July with . On average there are 74.9 days in which the minimum temperature is below  (so-called frost days), and 23.7 days in which the maximum temperature is below  (so-called ice days). There are on average of 30 so-called summer days (maximum temperature equal to or above ) throughout the year, while so-called heat days (with maximum temperature equal to or above ) are 5.8 days.

text: The annual mean temperature at the measuring station of the

text: Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology

text: in Zürich-Fluntern (

text: above sea level

text: on the slope of the Zürichberg,  above the level of the city centre) is . The lowest monthly mean of daily minimum temperature are measured in January with  and the highest monthly mean of daily maximum temperature are measured in July with . On average there are 74.9 days in which the minimum temperature is below  (so-called frost days), and 23.7 days in which the maximum temperature is below  (so-called ice days). There are on average of 30 so-called summer days (maximum temperature equal to or above ) throughout the year, while so-called heat days (with maximum temperature equal to or above ) are 5.8 days.

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text: Darcy's law is a constitutive equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium. The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on the results of experiments on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of earth sciences.

text: Darcy's law is a

text: constitutive equation

text: that describes the flow of a

text: fluid

text: through a

text: porous

text: medium. The law was formulated by

text: Henry Darcy

text: based on the results of experiments on the flow of

text: water

text: through beds of

text: sand

text: , forming the basis of

text: hydrogeology

text: , a branch of

text: earth science

text: s.

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text: "During World War II geology won its spurs as an important tool in both planning and operations in the US Army. This growth of geology was due to the increased appreciation on the part of our military leaders of the importance of scientific techniques and information, and to the increased appreciation on the part of our scientists of the usefullness of their abilities in the solution of a large variety of very practical problems."

text: "During World War II

text: geology

text: won its spurs as an important tool in both planning and operations in the US Army. This growth of geology was due to the increased appreciation on the part of our military leaders of the importance of scientific techniques and information, and to the increased appreciation on the part of our scientists of the usefullness of their abilities in the solution of a large variety of very practical problems."

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text: NGOs have also been accused of using white lies or misinformed advise to enact their campaigns, i.e., accusations that NGOs have been ignorant about critical issues because, as chief scientist at Greenpeace Doug Parr said, these organizations appear to have lost their efforts in being truly scientific and now seem to be more self-interested. Rather than operating through science so as to be rationally and effectively practical, NGOs have been accused of abusing the utilization of science to gain their own advantages. In the beginning, as Parr indicated, there was "a tendency among our critics to say that science is the only decision-making tool … but political and commercial interests are using science as a cover for getting their way." At the same time, NGOs can appear to not be cooperative with other groups, according to the previous policy-maker for the German branch of Friends of the Earth, Jens Katjek. "If NGOs want the best for the environment", he says, "they have to learn to compromise."

text: NGOs have also been accused of using white lies or misinformed advise to enact their campaigns, i.e., accusations that NGOs have been ignorant about critical issues because, as chief scientist at

text: Greenpeace

text: Doug Parr said, these organizations appear to have lost their efforts in being truly scientific and now seem to be more self-interested. Rather than operating through science so as to be rationally and effectively practical, NGOs have been accused of abusing the utilization of science to gain their own advantages. In the beginning, as Parr indicated, there was "a tendency among our critics to say that science is the only decision-making tool … but political and commercial interests are using science as a cover for getting their way." At the same time, NGOs can appear to not be cooperative with other groups, according to the previous policy-maker for the German branch of

text: Friends of the Earth

text: , Jens Katjek. "If NGOs want the best for the environment", he says, "they have to learn to compromise."

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answers: NGOs have lost their efforts in being truly scientific

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answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: It's impossible to say

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answers: rock layers below Earths surface

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answers: In the beginning, as Parr indicated

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: The deepest parts of the ocean

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answers: NGOs have been accused of abusing the utilization of science to gain their own advantages

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answers: Oceanography

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answers: NGOs

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: In the general case, for snow to occur, the polar jet stream must move southward through Texas and into the Gulf of Mexico, with a stalled cold front across the southern portion of the state curving northeastward to combine freezing air into the frontal clouds. While light snowfall occurs every few years across the northern panhandle and the north central peninsula, most of the state is in a rare portion of the continental United States that receives a mean maximum monthly snowfall amount of zero, the only other such areas being southern Texas and parts of California.<ref name="johnharrington AMS">{{cite journal|author1=Harrington Jr., John A.|author2=Cerveny, Randall S.|author3=Dewey, Kenneth F.|title=A Climatology of Mean Monthly Snowfall for the Conterminous United States: Temporal and Spatial Patterns|journal=Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology|date=August 1987|volume= 26|issue=8|publisher=American Meteorological Society|issn=0733-3021|pages=897–912|doi=10.1175/1520-0450(1987)026

text: In the general case, for snow to occur, the polar

text: jet stream

text: must move southward through

text: Texas

text: and into the

text: Gulf of Mexico

text: , with a stalled

text: cold front

text: across the southern portion of the state curving northeastward to combine freezing air into the frontal clouds. While light snowfall occurs every few years across the northern

text: panhandle

text: and the north central peninsula, most of the state is in a rare portion of the continental United States that receives a mean maximum monthly snowfall amount of zero, the only other such areas being southern Texas and parts of

text: California

text: .<ref name="johnharrington AMS">{{cite journal|author1=Harrington Jr., John A.|author2=Cerveny, Randall S.|author3=Dewey, Kenneth F.|title=A Climatology of Mean Monthly Snowfall for the Conterminous United States: Temporal and Spatial Patterns|journal=Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology|date=August 1987|volume= 26|issue=8|publisher=American Meteorological Society|issn=0733-3021|pages=897–912|doi=10.1175/1520-0450(1987)026

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answers: Earth science

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answers: the polar jet stream must move southward through Texas

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: Applied Meteorology

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: Gulf of Mexico

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: Climatologist

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: Meteorologist

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answers: Climatology of Mean Monthly Snowfall

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answers: Meteorology

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answers: Meteorology

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answers: Earth science is a branch of geology.

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answers: Geologists specialize in the study of soil.

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answers: Rock layers below Earths surface are a record of Earths history.

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answers: Gulf of Mexico

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answers: Meteorologists study meteors.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: Geologists' embrace of plate tectonics became part of a broadening of the field from a study of rocks into a study of the Earth as a planet. Other elements of this transformation include: geophysical studies of the interior of the Earth, the grouping of geology with meteorology and oceanography as one of the "earth sciences", and comparisons of Earth and the solar system's other rocky planets.

text: Geologists' embrace of

text: plate tectonics

text: became part of a broadening of the field from a study of rocks into a study of the Earth as a planet. Other elements of this transformation include: geophysical studies of the interior of the Earth, the grouping of geology with

text: meteorology

text: and

text: oceanography

text: as one of the "earth sciences", and comparisons of Earth and the solar system's other rocky planets.

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text: Lindsay Parson, (head of the Law of the Sea Group at Southampton's National Oceanography Centre in the UK) stated that Denmark (via Greenland) and Canada would have equally good chances of claiming the territory on these grounds — which both nations have stated they will do — as the Lomonosov Ridge extends from Russia across the Arctic to Greenland and northern Canada. Denmark claimed that the  Lomonosov Ridge was its property, the BBC's World Service radio reported early on August 12. Danish science minister Helge Sander told reporters: "The preliminary investigations done so far are very promising. There are things suggesting that Denmark could be given the North Pole."

text: Lindsay Parson, (head of the Law of the Sea Group at

text: Southampton

text: 's

text: National Oceanography Centre

text: in the

text: UK

text: ) stated that

text: Denmark

text: (via

text: Greenland

text: ) and

text: Canada

text: would have equally good chances of claiming the territory on these grounds — which both nations have stated they will do — as the

text: Lomonosov Ridge

text: extends from Russia across the Arctic to Greenland and northern Canada. Denmark claimed that the

text: Lomonosov Ridge

text: was its property, the

text: BBC

text: 's

text: World Service

text: radio reported early on August 12. Danish science minister Helge Sander told reporters: "The preliminary investigations done so far are very promising. There are things suggesting that Denmark could be given the North Pole."

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text: The Yorkshire Geological Society is a learned, professional and educational charity devoted to the earth sciences, founded in 1837. Its work is centred on the geology of Yorkshire, and northern England more generally, ranging from Northumbria and Cumbria in the north to Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire in the south.  The Society has over 650 members, the majority living within this region but with significant proportions of UK national and overseas members. It also has working relationships with around two dozen Corresponding Societies and other affiliated local geological and conservation societies and organisations, and with many of the universities of the region, as well as with the British Geological Survey, particularly its headquarters at Keyworth, Nottinghamshire.  The Society runs a wide-ranging programme of both indoor and field meetings for members, public lectures and conferences in various locations across its region, and coordinates and promotes with the Corresponding Societies a "Yorkshire Geology Month" every May.  The Society also publishes on the earth sciences, notably in its biannual Proceedings, published continuously since 1839, and its Circular, published seven times a year. The Society also publishes field guides, conference reports and books from time to time.

text: The Yorkshire Geological Society is a learned, professional and educational charity devoted to the earth sciences, founded in 1837. Its work is centred on the

text: geology of Yorkshire

text: , and northern England more generally, ranging from

text: Northumbria

text: and

text: Cumbria

text: in the north to

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text: in the south.  The Society has over 650 members, the majority living within this region but with significant proportions of UK national and overseas members. It also has working relationships with around two dozen Corresponding Societies and other affiliated local geological and conservation societies and organisations, and with many of the universities of the region, as well as with the

text: British Geological Survey

text: , particularly its headquarters at

text: Keyworth

text: , Nottinghamshire.  The Society runs a wide-ranging programme of both indoor and field meetings for members, public lectures and conferences in various locations across its region, and coordinates and promotes with the Corresponding Societies a "Yorkshire Geology Month" every May.  The Society also publishes on the earth sciences, notably in its biannual Proceedings, published continuously since 1839, and its Circular, published seven times a year. The Society also publishes field guides, conference reports and books from time to time.

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text: Elias Mariolopoulos (1900–1991) was a Greek meteorologist. Born in Athens, he graduated from the School of Physics and Mathematics, University of Athens; MA, University of Cambridge; Diploma in Meteorology Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, and PhD, Docteur de l’ Université de Paris, Sciences; Docteur es Sciences Physiques, Paris, 1925. He has closely collaborated with Sir Napier Shaw, then head of the British Meteorological Office and President of the International Meteorological Committee, which has been predecessor of the World Meteorological Organization.

text: Elias Mariolopoulos (1900–1991) was a Greek

text: meteorologist

text: . Born in

text: Athens

text: , he graduated from the School of Physics and Mathematics,

entity_name: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

text: University of Athens

text: ; MA,

text: University of Cambridge

text: ; Diploma in Meteorology

text: Imperial College of Science and Technology

text: , London, and PhD, Docteur de l’ Université de Paris, Sciences; Docteur es Sciences Physiques, Paris, 1925. He has closely collaborated with Sir

text: Napier Shaw

text: , then head of the

text: British Meteorological Office

text: and President of the International Meteorological Committee, which has been predecessor of the

text: World Meteorological Organization

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text: Astronomy in the Indian subcontinent dates back to the period of Indus Valley Civilization during 3rd millennium BCE, when it was used to create calendars. As the Indus Valley civilization did not leave behind written documents, the oldest extant Indian astronomical text is the Vedanga Jyotisha, dating from the Vedic period. Vedanga Jyotisha describes rules for tracking the motions of the Sun and the Moon for the purposes of ritual. During 6th century AD, astronomy was influenced by the Greek and Byzantine astronomical traditions.

text: Astronomy in the Indian subcontinent dates back to the period of

text: Indus Valley Civilization

text: during 3rd millennium BCE, when it was used to create calendars. As the Indus Valley civilization did not leave behind written documents, the oldest extant Indian astronomical text is the

text: Vedanga Jyotisha

text: , dating from the

text: Vedic period

text: . Vedanga Jyotisha describes rules for tracking the motions of the Sun and the Moon for the purposes of ritual. During 6th century AD, astronomy was influenced by the Greek and Byzantine astronomical traditions.

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text: |-| 31901 Amitscheer ||  || Amit Scheer (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biomedical and health sciences project.  |-id=902| 31902 Raymondwang ||  || Raymond Wang (b. 1998) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his engineering mechanics project. He also received the Gordon E. Moore Award and the Cultural and Scientific Visit to China Award. |-id=903| 31903 Euniceyou ||  || Eunice Linh You (b. 1996) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. |-id=904| 31904 Haoruochen ||  || Hao Ruochen (b. 1997) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his physics and astronomy project. He also received the London International Youth Science Forum, Philip V. Streich Memorial Award. |-id=905| 31905 Likinpong ||  || Li Kin Pong Michael (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials science team project. |-id=907| 31907 Wongsumming ||  || Wong Sum Ming Simon (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials science team project. |-id=909| 31909 Chenweitung ||  || Chen Wei-Tung (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his embedded systems project. |-id=910| 31910 Moustafa ||  || Yasmine Yehya Moustafa (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and environmental sciences project. |-id=911| 31911 Niklasfauth ||  || Niklas Fauth (b. 1997) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his embedded systems project. He also received the Intel Foundation Cultural and Scientific Visit to China Award. |-id=912| 31912 Lukasgrafner ||  || Lukas Grafner (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his engineering mechanics team project. |-id=916| 31916 Arnehensel ||  || Arne Hensel (b. 1996) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his chemistry project. He also received the Dudley R. Hershbach SIYSS Award. |-id=917| 31917 Lukashohne ||  || Lukas Hohne (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his engineering mechanics team project. |-id=918| 31918 Onkargujral ||  || Onkar Singh Gujral (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his systems software project. |-id=919| 31919 Carragher ||  || Christopher Carragher (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computational biology and bioinformatics project. |-id=920| 31920 Annamcevoy ||  || Anna Maria McEvoy (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant sciences project. |-id=922| 31922 Alsharif ||  || Shaima Lutfi Al-Sharif (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral and social sciences project. |-id=925| 31925 Krutovskiy ||  || Roman Krutovskiy (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his math project. |-id=926| 31926 Alhamood ||  || Abdul Jabbar Abdulrazaq Alhamood (b. 1996) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his plant sciences project. He also received the Dudley R. Hershbach SIYSS Award. |-id=928| 31928 Limzhengtheng ||  || Lim Zheng Theng (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental engineering team project. |-id=931| 31931 Sipiera ||  || Paul P. Sipiera, American planetary geologist and meteoricist |-id=933| 31933 Tanyizhao ||  || Tan Yi Zhao (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental engineering team project. |-id=934| 31934 Benjamintan ||  || Tan Kye Jyn Benjamin (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental engineering team project. |-id=935| 31935 Midgley ||  || Anna Illing Midgley (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant sciences project. |-id=936| 31936 Bernardsmit ||  || Bernard Adriaan Smit (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. |-id=937| 31937 Kangsunwoo ||  || Kang Sun Woo (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and environmental sciences project. |-id=938| 31938 Nattapong ||  || Nattapong Chueasiritaworn (b. 2000) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his animal sciences team project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. |-id=939| 31939 Thananon ||  || Thananon Hiranwanichchakorn (b. 1998) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his animal sciences team project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. |-id=940| 31940 Sutthiluk ||  || Sutthiluk Rakdee (b. 1999) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences team project. |-id=943| 31943 Tahsinelmas ||  || Tahsin Elmas (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project.|-id=944| 31944 Seyitherdem ||  || Seyit Alp Herdem (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project.|-id=946| 31946 Sahilabbi ||  || Sahil Abbi (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his systems software team project.|-id=951| 31951 Alexisallen ||  || Alexis Sue Allen (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. |-id=952| 31952 Bialtdecelie ||  || Meghan Dong Duo Bialt-DeCelie (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant sciences team project. |-id=953| 31953 Bontha ||  || Naveena Bontha (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her engineering mechanics project.|-id=954| 31954 Georgiebotev ||  || Georgie Botev (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his embedded systems project.|-id=956| 31956 Wald ||  || Abraham Wald, 20th-century American statistician |-id=957| 31957 Braunstein ||  || Simone Braunstein (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her robotics and intelligent machines project. |-id=959| 31959 Keianacave ||  || Keiana Ashli Cave (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and environmental sciences project. |-id=969| 31969 Yihuachen ||  || Yi Hua Chen (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her cellular and molecular biology project. |-id=971| 31971 Beatricechoi ||  || Seung Hye (Beatrice) Choi (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry project. |-id=972| 31972 Carlycrump ||  || Carly Elizabeth Crump (b. 1996) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for her microbiology project. She also received the Dudley R. Hershbach SIYSS Award. |-id=973| 31973 Ashwindatta ||  || Ashwin Nivas Datta (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his engineering mechanics project.  |-id=975| 31975 Johndean ||  || John L. Dean (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics and astronomy project. |-id=976| 31976 Niyatidesai ||  || Niyati Ketan Desai (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics and astronomy project. |-id=977| 31977 Devalapurkar ||  || Sanath Kumar Devalapurkar (b. 2000) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his math project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. |-id=978| 31978 Jeremyphilip ||  || Jeremy Philip D´Silva (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biomedical and health sciences project. |-id=980| 31980 Axelfeldmann ||  || Axel Stephan Feldmann (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computational biology and bioinformatics project. |-id=982| 31982 Johnwallis ||  || John Wallis, 17th-century British mathematician, inventor of the symbol ∞ for infinity |-id=984| 31984 Unger ||  || Adam Unger (b. 1919), a basket maker by profession, was heavily involved in the construction of the Starkenburg Observatory. |-id=988| 31988 Jasonfiacco ||  || Jason Christopher Fiacco (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry team project.  |-id=991| 31991 Royghosh ||  || Roy Ghosh (b. 2000) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biomedical and health sciences project. |-id=996| 31996 Goecknerwald ||  || Claire Goeckner-Wald (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics and astronomy team project. |}

text: 31901 Amitscheer

text: ||  || Amit Scheer (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biomedical and health sciences project.  |-id=902|

text: 31902 Raymondwang

text: ||  || Raymond Wang (b. 1998) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his engineering mechanics project. He also received the Gordon E. Moore Award and the Cultural and Scientific Visit to China Award. |-id=903|

text: 31903 Euniceyou

text: ||  || Eunice Linh You (b. 1996) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. |-id=904|

text: 31904 Haoruochen

text: ||  || Hao Ruochen (b. 1997) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his physics and astronomy project. He also received the London International Youth Science Forum, Philip V. Streich Memorial Award. |-id=905|

text: 31905 Likinpong

text: ||  || Li Kin Pong Michael (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials science team project. |-id=907|

text: 31907 Wongsumming

text: ||  || Wong Sum Ming Simon (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials science team project. |-id=909|

text: 31909 Chenweitung

text: ||  || Chen Wei-Tung (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his embedded systems project. |-id=910|

text: 31910 Moustafa

text: ||  || Yasmine Yehya Moustafa (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and environmental sciences project. |-id=911|

text: 31911 Niklasfauth

text: ||  || Niklas Fauth (b. 1997) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his embedded systems project. He also received the Intel Foundation Cultural and Scientific Visit to China Award. |-id=912|

text: 31912 Lukasgrafner

text: ||  || Lukas Grafner (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his engineering mechanics team project. |-id=916|

text: 31916 Arnehensel

text: ||  || Arne Hensel (b. 1996) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his chemistry project. He also received the Dudley R. Hershbach SIYSS Award. |-id=917|

text: 31917 Lukashohne

text: ||  || Lukas Hohne (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his engineering mechanics team project. |-id=918|

text: 31918 Onkargujral

text: ||  || Onkar Singh Gujral (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his systems software project. |-id=919|

text: 31919 Carragher

text: ||  || Christopher Carragher (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computational biology and bioinformatics project. |-id=920|

text: 31920 Annamcevoy

text: ||  || Anna Maria McEvoy (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant sciences project. |-id=922|

text: 31922 Alsharif

text: ||  || Shaima Lutfi Al-Sharif (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral and social sciences project. |-id=925|

text: 31925 Krutovskiy

text: ||  || Roman Krutovskiy (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his math project. |-id=926|

text: 31926 Alhamood

text: ||  || Abdul Jabbar Abdulrazaq Alhamood (b. 1996) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his plant sciences project. He also received the Dudley R. Hershbach SIYSS Award. |-id=928|

text: 31928 Limzhengtheng

text: ||  || Lim Zheng Theng (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental engineering team project. |-id=931|

text: 31931 Sipiera

text: Paul P. Sipiera

text: , American planetary geologist and meteoricist |-id=933|

text: 31933 Tanyizhao

text: ||  || Tan Yi Zhao (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental engineering team project. |-id=934|

text: 31934 Benjamintan

text: ||  || Tan Kye Jyn Benjamin (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental engineering team project. |-id=935|

text: 31935 Midgley

text: ||  || Anna Illing Midgley (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant sciences project. |-id=936|

text: 31936 Bernardsmit

text: ||  || Bernard Adriaan Smit (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. |-id=937|

text: 31937 Kangsunwoo

text: ||  || Kang Sun Woo (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and environmental sciences project. |-id=938|

text: 31938 Nattapong

text: ||  || Nattapong Chueasiritaworn (b. 2000) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his animal sciences team project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. |-id=939|

text: 31939 Thananon

text: ||  || Thananon Hiranwanichchakorn (b. 1998) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his animal sciences team project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. |-id=940|

text: 31940 Sutthiluk

text: ||  || Sutthiluk Rakdee (b. 1999) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences team project. |-id=943|

text: 31943 Tahsinelmas

text: ||  || Tahsin Elmas (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project.|-id=944|

text: 31944 Seyitherdem

text: ||  || Seyit Alp Herdem (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project.|-id=946|

text: 31946 Sahilabbi

text: ||  || Sahil Abbi (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his systems software team project.|-id=951|

text: 31951 Alexisallen

text: ||  || Alexis Sue Allen (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. |-id=952|

text: 31952 Bialtdecelie

text: ||  || Meghan Dong Duo Bialt-DeCelie (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant sciences team project. |-id=953|

text: 31953 Bontha

text: ||  || Naveena Bontha (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her engineering mechanics project.|-id=954|

text: 31954 Georgiebotev

text: ||  || Georgie Botev (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his embedded systems project.|-id=956|

text: 31956 Wald

text: Abraham Wald

text: , 20th-century American statistician |-id=957|

text: 31957 Braunstein

text: ||  || Simone Braunstein (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her robotics and intelligent machines project. |-id=959|

text: 31959 Keianacave

text: ||  || Keiana Ashli Cave (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and environmental sciences project. |-id=969|

text: 31969 Yihuachen

text: ||  || Yi Hua Chen (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her cellular and molecular biology project. |-id=971|

text: 31971 Beatricechoi

text: ||  || Seung Hye (Beatrice) Choi (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry project. |-id=972|

text: 31972 Carlycrump

text: ||  || Carly Elizabeth Crump (b. 1996) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for her microbiology project. She also received the Dudley R. Hershbach SIYSS Award. |-id=973|

text: 31973 Ashwindatta

text: ||  || Ashwin Nivas Datta (b. 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his engineering mechanics project.  |-id=975|

text: 31975 Johndean

text: ||  || John L. Dean (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics and astronomy project. |-id=976|

text: 31976 Niyatidesai

text: ||  || Niyati Ketan Desai (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics and astronomy project. |-id=977|

text: 31977 Devalapurkar

text: ||  || Sanath Kumar Devalapurkar (b. 2000) was awarded best of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel ISEF for his math project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. |-id=978|

text: 31978 Jeremyphilip

text: ||  || Jeremy Philip D´Silva (b. 1999) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biomedical and health sciences project. |-id=980|

text: 31980 Axelfeldmann

text: ||  || Axel Stephan Feldmann (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computational biology and bioinformatics project. |-id=982|

text: 31982 Johnwallis

text: John Wallis

text: , 17th-century British mathematician, inventor of the symbol ∞ for infinity |-id=984|

text: 31984 Unger

text: Adam Unger

text: (b. 1919), a basket maker by profession, was heavily involved in the construction of the Starkenburg Observatory. |-id=988|

text: 31988 Jasonfiacco

text: ||  || Jason Christopher Fiacco (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry team project.  |-id=991|

text: 31991 Royghosh

text: ||  || Roy Ghosh (b. 2000) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biomedical and health sciences project. |-id=996|

text: 31996 Goecknerwald

text: ||  || Claire Goeckner-Wald (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics and astronomy team project. |}

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/c11a9951609583c5c13c2cb3c9824e2e

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 0

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answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000046

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answers: NDQ_000048

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000055

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials science team project.

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials science team project.

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: 1997) was awarded second place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials science team project.

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: 5: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000046

answers: Intel International Science and Engineering Fair

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his earth and environmental sciences project.

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: category award and first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his earth and environmental sciences project.

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry project.

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: 1998) was awarded first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his earth and environmental sciences project.

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: Earth and environmental sciences

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his meteorology project.

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: International Science and Engineering Fair

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: International Science and Engineering Fair

answers: NDQ_000055

answers: Intel International Science and Engineering Fair

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: International Science and Engineering Fair

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: Intel International Science and Engineering Fair

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his Earth science project.

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: International Science and Engineering Fair

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his earth science project.

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: Place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his soil science project.

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: of category award and first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his earth and environmental sciences project.

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: The science of oceanography started with mapping the oceans.

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: Category award and first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his oceanography project.

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: first place in the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics and astronomy project.

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: The 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair was held in San Diego, Calif., from Sept. 23 to Sept. 25.

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his oceanography project.

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his meteorology project.

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: Under the chairmanship of Robert Gross, the department developed a broader program encompassing solid-state physics, quantum electronics, and applied mathematics in addition to the core theoretical areas of plasma and nuclear physics.In 1997, the Fu Foundation donated large sums of funding supporting researches at the department, and in 1998, it officially changed its name to the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics due to the department's ever expanding stature. In the same year of the donation, renowned Professors Aron Pinczuk and Horst Störmer joined the department. In 2000, the department expanded again, creating two joint faculty positions with the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences. That year, the Materials Science and Engineering Program of the Henry Krumb School of Mines was integrated with the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics.Since 1978, the department has grown from nine to thirty one full-time faculty members, who are involved in interdisciplinary areas of research relating to nanoscale science, earth science, advanced scientific computing, materials and information technologies, and plasma physics.The departmental faculty has recently received numerous accolades, including three Sloans, four Guggenheims, and one Packard fellowship, one Nobel Prize in physics, one Gordon Bell Prize, and two Buckley Prizes. Faculty members do extensive research in Columbia's Nanoscience and Engineering Center, the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, the Plasma Physics Laboratory, the Center for Terascale Computer Simulation.  Recently, the department has developed the sequential lateral solidification process that creates high-quality crystalline silicon films which generate major patent income.The department grants three undergraduate majors, including applied physics, applied mathematics, and materials science and engineering. Its graduate programs address these same three fields in a broader range. Each year, the department awards the Robert Simon Memorial Prize to its graduate student with the most distinguished doctoral dissertation.

text: Under the chairmanship of Robert Gross, the department developed a broader program encompassing

text: solid-state physics

text: quantum electronics

text: , and

text: applied mathematics

text: in addition to the core theoretical areas of plasma and

text: nuclear physics

text: .In 1997, the Fu Foundation donated large sums of funding supporting researches at the department, and in 1998, it officially changed its name to the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics due to the department's ever expanding stature. In the same year of the donation, renowned Professors Aron Pinczuk and

text: Horst Störmer

text: joined the department. In 2000, the department expanded again, creating two joint faculty positions with the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences. That year, the Materials Science and Engineering Program of the

text: Henry Krumb School of Mines

text: was integrated with the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics.Since 1978, the department has grown from nine to thirty one full-time faculty members, who are involved in interdisciplinary areas of research relating to

text: nanoscale science

text: earth science

text: , advanced scientific computing, materials and information technologies, and plasma physics.The departmental faculty has recently received numerous accolades, including three

text: Sloans

text: , four

text: Guggenheims

text: , and one

text: Packard

text: fellowship, one Nobel Prize in physics, one

text: Gordon Bell Prize

text: , and two

entity_name: Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize

text: Buckley Prizes

text: . Faculty members do extensive research in Columbia's Nanoscience and Engineering Center, the

entity_name: Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers

text: Materials Research Science and Engineering Center

text: , the

text: Plasma Physics Laboratory

text: , the Center for Terascale Computer Simulation.  Recently, the department has developed the sequential lateral solidification process that creates high-quality crystalline silicon films which generate major patent income.The department grants three undergraduate majors, including applied physics, applied mathematics, and materials science and engineering. Its graduate programs address these same three fields in a broader range. Each year, the department awards the Robert Simon Memorial Prize to its graduate student with the most distinguished doctoral dissertation.

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text: Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It applies mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their evolution. The objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and comets; while the phenomena include supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally all astronomical phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere  is within the perview of astronomy. A related but distinct subject, physical cosmology, is concerned with the study of the Universe as a whole.

text: Astronomy is a

text: natural science

text: that studies

text: celestial objects

text: and phenomena. It applies

text: mathematics

text: physics

text: , and

text: chemistry

text: , in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their

text: evolution

text: . The objects of interest include

text: planets

text: moon

text: s,

text: star

text: s,

text: galaxies

text: , and

text: comet

text: s; while the phenomena include

text: supernovae explosions

text: gamma ray burst

text: s, and

text: cosmic microwave background radiation

text: . More generally all astronomical phenomena that originate outside

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: is within the perview of astronomy. A related but distinct subject,

text: physical cosmology

text: , is concerned with the study of the

text: Universe

text: as a whole.

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text: In 1956, as the republic changed status from union to autonomous the Karelian-Finnish Branch of the USSR AS was renamed as the Karelian Branch of the USSR AS. The next president after I. I. Sykiäinen was V. S. Slodkevich (1957—1960), then the position was shortly held by V. P. Dadykin (1960—1962), who was succeeded by V. I. Yermakov (1962—1964, 1967). In 1957 there appeared the Forest Research Institute and the White Sea Biological Research Station under the Institute of Biology, and in 1961 the Institute of Geology. On 21.11.1963 the USSR AS Presidium passed the ordinance “On the actions in connection with the termination of the operation of the Bashkir, Karelian and Kazan branches of the USSR AS”. Pursuant to this ordinance the Karelian Branch of the USSR AS stopped operating on 01.01.1964. The only unit retained with the Academy of Sciences was the HLL Institute with the scientific library, archives and cartography office now subordinated to it. The Institute of Biology became an entity with own budget directly subordinated to the Petrozavodsk State University. The Forest Research Institute is renamed as the Karelian Forest Institute and transferred to the authority of the State Committee on Forest, Pulp-and-paper, Woodworking Industry and Forestry subordinated to the USSR Gosplan, and the Institute of Geology becomes subordinated to the USSR Ministry of Geology. On 18.02.1967 the USSR Council of Ministers adopted the Resolution “On reinstitution of the Karelian Branch of the USSR AS”. The Karelian Branch of the USSR AS was reassembled to comprise the Institutes of Geology, Forest Research, Biology, HLL, Departments of Hydrology and Water Economy, Economics. Having resumed its activities the Karelian Branch of the USSR AS was developing successfully relying on previous experience. The first president after the reinstitution was N. I. Pjavchenko (1967—1976). Leadership after N. I. Pjavchenko was ceded to scientists working at the Karelian Branch: first V. A. Sokolov (1976—1986) and then I. M. Nesterenko (1987—1991).

text: In 1956, as the republic changed status from union to autonomous the Karelian-Finnish Branch of the USSR AS was renamed as the Karelian Branch of the USSR AS. The next president after I. I. Sykiäinen was

text: V. S. Slodkevich

text: (1957—1960), then the position was shortly held by

text: V. P. Dadykin

text: Gosplan

text: , and the Institute of Geology becomes subordinated to the

text: USSR Ministry of Geology

text: . On 18.02.1967 the

entity_name: Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union

text: USSR Council of Ministers

text: adopted the Resolution “On reinstitution of the Karelian Branch of the USSR AS”. The Karelian Branch of the USSR AS was reassembled to comprise the Institutes of Geology, Forest Research, Biology, HLL, Departments of Hydrology and Water Economy, Economics. Having resumed its activities the Karelian Branch of the USSR AS was developing successfully relying on previous experience. The first president after the reinstitution was

text: N. I. Pjavchenko

text: (1967—1976). Leadership after N. I. Pjavchenko was ceded to scientists working at the Karelian Branch: first V. A. Sokolov (1976—1986) and then I. M. Nesterenko (1987—1991).

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text: In 1983 Epstein joined the National Weather Service's National Meteorological Center as chief scientist of the Climate Analysis Center, and it was there that he published his influential meteorological monograph "Statistical Inference and Prediction in Climatology: A Bayesian Approach."  Another important work published during this period was a 162-page NOAA Technical Report entitled “A Precipitation Climatology of 5-Day Periods” (1988).

text: In 1983 Epstein joined the

text: National Weather Service

text: 's National Meteorological Center as chief scientist of the Climate Analysis Center, and it was there that he published his influential meteorological monograph "Statistical Inference and Prediction in Climatology: A Bayesian Approach."  Another important work published during this period was a 162-page NOAA Technical Report entitled “A Precipitation Climatology of 5-Day Periods” (1988).

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: Planetary geology, alternatively known as astrogeology or exogeology, is a planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of the celestial bodies such as the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and meteorites. Although the geo- prefix typically indicates topics of or relating to the Earth, planetary geology is named as such for historical and convenience reasons; applying geological science to other planetary bodies. Due to the types of investigations involved, it is also closely linked with Earth-based geology.

text: Planetary geology, alternatively known as astrogeology or exogeology, is a

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text: asteroid

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text: comet

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text: meteorite

text: s. Although the geo- prefix typically indicates topics of or relating to the

text: Earth

text: , planetary geology is named as such for historical and convenience reasons; applying geological science to other planetary bodies. Due to the types of investigations involved, it is also closely linked with Earth-based geology.

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text: Net radiometers are frequently used in meteorology, climatology, solar energy studies and building physics. They can be seen in many meteorological stations—typically installed horizontally.

text: Net radiometers are frequently used in

text: meteorology

text: climatology

text: solar energy

text: studies and building physics. They can be seen in many meteorological stations—typically installed horizontally.

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answers: Net radiometers

text: There are biogeochemistry research groups in many universities around the world.  Since this is a highly inter-disciplinary field, these are situated within a wide range of host disciplines including: atmospheric sciences, biology, ecology, geomicrobiology, environmental chemistry, geology, oceanography and soil science.  These are often bracketed into larger disciplines such as earth science and environmental science.

text: There are biogeochemistry research groups in many universities around the world.  Since this is a highly inter-disciplinary field, these are situated within a wide range of host disciplines including:

text: atmospheric sciences

text: biology

text: ecology

text: geomicrobiology

text: environmental chemistry

text: geology

text: oceanography

text: and

text: soil science

text: .  These are often bracketed into larger disciplines such as

text: earth science

text: and

text: environmental science

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text: It was renamed the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton in 2005, again by HRH the Duke of Edinburgh, its new name reflecting its prominence in ocean and earth sciences within the UK.

text: It was renamed the

entity_name: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton

text: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton

text: in 2005, again by HRH the Duke of Edinburgh, its new name reflecting its prominence in ocean and earth sciences within the UK.

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text: Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, kuşçu – falconer in Turkish; Latin: Ali Kushgii) was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472. As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy. In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-ı Seman Medrese, one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman caliphate, Ali Kuşçu was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.

text: Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (

text: Ottoman Turkish

text: Persian language

text: : علی قوشچی, kuşçu –

text: falconer

text: in Turkish;

text: Latin

text: : Ali Kushgii) was an

text: astronomer

text: mathematician

text: and

text: physicist

text: originally from

text: Samarkand

text: , who settled in the

text: Ottoman Empire

text: some time before 1472. As a disciple of

text: Ulugh Beg

text: , he is best known for the development of

text: astronomical physics

text: independent from

text: natural philosophy

text: , and for providing

text: empirical evidence

text: for the

text: Earth's rotation

text: in his treatise, Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy. In addition to his contributions to

text: Ulugh Beg

text: 's famous work

text: Zij-i-Sultani

text: and to the founding of

text: Sahn-ı Seman Medrese

text: , one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman caliphate, Ali Kuşçu was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.

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text: |-| 25601 Francopacini ||  || Franco Pacini, Italian astrophysicist †|-id=602| 25602 Ucaronia ||  || Umberto Caronia, father of co-discoverer Alfredo Caronia †|-id=604| 25604 Karlin ||  || Samuel Karlin, American statistician and mathematician, member of the National Academy of Sciences and recipient of the National Medal of Science |-id=606| 25606 Chiangshenghao ||  || Chiang Sheng-Hao (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. He attends the National Experimental High School at Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City, Chinese Taipei.|-id=607| 25607 Tsengiching ||  || Tseng I-Ching (b. 1993) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the National Taichung Girl's Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei.|-id=608| 25608 Hincapie ||  || Melisa Hincapie (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy and transportation project. She attends the Colegio La Compania de Maria La Ensenanza, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.|-id=609| 25609 Bogantes ||  || Fabiola Bogantes Jimenez (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.|-id=611| 25611 Mabellin ||  || Mabellin Fallas Quesada (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.|-id=612| 25612 Yaoskalucia ||  || Yaoska Lucia Hernandez Duarte (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.|-id=613| 25613 Bubenicek ||  || Petr Bubeníček (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the Gymnazium Aloise Jiraska, Litomyšl, Czech Republic.|-id=614| 25614 Jankral ||  || Jan Král (b. 1989) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the Gymnazium Aloise Jiraska, Litomyšl, Czech Republic.|-id=615| 25615 Votroubek ||  || Marek Votroubek (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the Gymnazium Aloise Jiraska, Litomyšl, Czech Republic.|-id=616| 25616 Riinuots ||  || Riinu Ots (b. 1989) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental science project. She attends the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium, Tartu, Estonia.|-id=617| 25617 Thomasnesch ||  || Thomas Nesch (b. 1989) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering project. He attends the Technische Oberschule Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.|-id=619| 25619 Martonspohn ||  || Marton Spohn (b. 1989) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular and molecular biology project. He attends the Fazekas Mihaly Secondary Grammar School, Budapest, Hungary.|-id=620| 25620 Jayaprakash ||  || Vishnu Jayaprakash (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. He attends the Chettinad Vidyashram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.|-id=624| 25624 Kronecker ||  || Leopold Kronecker, German mathematician. |-id=625| 25625 Verdenet ||  || Michel Verdenet, French amateur astronomer, chairman of the Association française des observateurs d'étoiles variables (AFOÉV, French Association of Variable Star Observers) † ‡ +|-id=628| 25628 Kummer ||  || Ernst Eduard Kummer, 19th-century German mathematician |-id=629| 25629 Mukherjee ||  || Anish Mukherjee (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the South Point High School, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.|-id=630| 25630 Sarkar ||  || Debarghya Sarkar (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the South Point High School, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.|-id=636| 25636 Vaishnav ||  || Hetal Kanjibhai Vaishnav (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management project. She attends the Late Shree S.G Dholakiya Memorial High School, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.|-id=638| 25638 Ahissar ||  || Shira Ahissar (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Aharon Katzir High School, Rehovot, Israel.|-id=639| 25639 Fedina ||  || Ksenia G. Fedina (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry project. She attends the Moscow Chemical Lyceum # 1303, Moscow, Russia.|-id=640| 25640 Klintefelt ||  || Philippe Klintefelt Collet (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral and social sciences project. He attends the Goteborgs Hogre Samskola, Goteborg, Sweden.|-id=642| 25642 Adiseshan ||  || Tara Anjali Adiseshan (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. She also received the Intel Young Scientist Award. She attends the Ramana Academy, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=645| 25645 Alexanderyan ||  || Ryan Cherian Alexander (b. 1993) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. He attends the R. C. Clark High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=646| 25646 Noniearora ||  || Shubhangi Arora (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Novi High School, Novi, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=648| 25648 Baghel ||  || Prateek Singh Baghel (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular and molecular biology project. He attends the Shaker High School, Latham, New York, U.S.A.|-id=650| 25650 Shaubakshi ||  || Shaunak Krishan Bakshi (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral and social sciences team project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. He attends the Manhasset High School, Manhasset, New York, U.S.A.|-id=652| 25652 Maddieball ||  || Madeleine Amanda Ball (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. She attends the Ursuline Academy of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=653| 25653 Baskaran ||  || Akshai Baskaran (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. He attends the Kennewick High School, Kennewick, Washington, U.S.A.|-id=655| 25655 Baupeter ||  || Peter Bau (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal sciences project. He attends the Chamblee Charter High School, Chamblee, Georgia, U.S.A.|-id=656| 25656 Bejnood ||  || Alborz Bejnood (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology team project. He attends the Oak Ridge High School, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.|-id=657| 25657 Berkowitz ||  || Hannah M Berkowitz (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. She attends the Long Beach High School, Lido Beach, New York, U.S.A.|-id=658| 25658 Bokor ||  || Jacqueline B Bokor (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. She attends the Long Beach High School, Lido Beach, New York, U.S.A.|-id=659| 25659 Liboynton ||  || Li Sallou Boynton (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental science project. She also received the Intel Young Scientist Award. She attends the Bellaire High School, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=662| 25662 Chonofsky ||  || Mark Adrian Chonofsky (b. 1992) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant sciences project. He attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.A.|-id=663| 25663 Nickmycroft ||  || Nicholas Mycroft Christensen (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS) for his physics project. He was also awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. He attends the Wetumpka High School, Wetumpka, Alabama, U.S.A.|-id=669| 25669 Kristinrose ||  || Kristin Rose Cordwell (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her mathematical sciences project. She attends the Manzano High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=670| 25670 Densley ||  || Riley Taylor Densley (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the Bingham High School, South Jordan, Utah, U.S.A.|-id=673| 25673 Di Mascio ||  || Michael Vincent Di Mascio (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics project. He attends the Waynesville High School, Waynesville, Ohio, U.S.A.|-id=674| 25674 Kevinellis ||  || Kevin Michael Ellis (b. 1991) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer science project. He attends the Catlin Gabel School, Beaverton, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=676| 25676 Jesseellison ||  || Jesse Kane Ellison (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering project. He attends the Bayfield High School, Bayfield, Colorado, U.S.A.|-id=677| 25677 Aaronenten ||  || Aaron Christopher Enten (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. He attends the American Heritage School Plantation, Plantation, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=678| 25678 Ericfoss ||  || Eric A. Foss (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics project. He attends the Kentwood High School, Covington, Washington, U.S.A.|-id=679| 25679 Andrewguo ||  || Andrew Yi Guo (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health science s team project. He attends the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.|-id=680| 25680 Walterhansen ||  || Walter Preston Hansen (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the Bingham High School, South Jordan, Utah, U.S.A.|-id=683| 25683 Haochenhong ||  || Haochen Hong (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the La Cueva High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=685| 25685 Katlinhornig ||  || Katlin Jayne Hornig (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Sargent High School, Monte Vista, Colorado, U.S.A.|-id=686| 25686 Stephoskins ||  || Stephanie Page Hoskins (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Lincoln Park Academy, Fort Pierce, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=688| 25688 Hritzo ||  || Bernadette Ann Hritzo (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. She attends the Villa Joseph Marie High School, Holland, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|-id=689| 25689 Duannihuang ||  || Duanni Huang (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the La Cueva High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=690| 25690 Iredale ||  || Marley Elizabeth Iredale (b. 1992) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and planetary science project. She attends the Sequim High School, Sequim, Washington, U.S.A.|-id=693| 25693 Ishitani ||  || Catherine Elizabeth Ishitani (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health sciences project. She attends the Mayo High School, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A.|-id=695| 25695 Eileenjang ||  || Eileen Kao Jang (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental science project. She attends the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.|-id=696| 25696 Kylejones ||  || Kyle Jones (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular and molecular biology project. He attends the Villages High School, The Villages, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=697| 25697 Kadiyala ||  || Vishnu Kiran Kadiyala (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health sciences team project. He attends the duPont Manual Magnet High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=698| 25698 Snehakannan ||  || Sneha Trichy Kannan (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health sciences project. She attends the Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S.A.|}

text: 25601 Francopacini

text: Franco Pacini

text: , Italian astrophysicist †|-id=602|

text: 25602 Ucaronia

text: ||  || Umberto Caronia, father of co-discoverer

text: Alfredo Caronia

text: 25604 Karlin

text: ||  || Samuel Karlin, American statistician and mathematician, member of the

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: and recipient of the

text: National Medal of Science

text: 25606 Chiangshenghao

text: ||  || Chiang Sheng-Hao (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. He attends the National Experimental High School at Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City, Chinese Taipei.|-id=607|

text: 25607 Tsengiching

text: ||  || Tseng I-Ching (b. 1993) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the National Taichung Girl's Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei.|-id=608|

text: 25608 Hincapie

text: ||  || Melisa Hincapie (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy and transportation project. She attends the Colegio La Compania de Maria La Ensenanza, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.|-id=609|

text: 25609 Bogantes

text: ||  || Fabiola Bogantes Jimenez (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.|-id=611|

text: 25611 Mabellin

text: ||  || Mabellin Fallas Quesada (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.|-id=612|

text: 25612 Yaoskalucia

text: ||  || Yaoska Lucia Hernandez Duarte (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.|-id=613|

text: 25613 Bubenicek

text: ||  || Petr Bubeníček (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the Gymnazium Aloise Jiraska, Litomyšl, Czech Republic.|-id=614|

text: 25614 Jankral

text: ||  || Jan Král (b. 1989) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the Gymnazium Aloise Jiraska, Litomyšl, Czech Republic.|-id=615|

text: 25615 Votroubek

text: ||  || Marek Votroubek (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the Gymnazium Aloise Jiraska, Litomyšl, Czech Republic.|-id=616|

text: 25616 Riinuots

text: ||  || Riinu Ots (b. 1989) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental science project. She attends the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium, Tartu, Estonia.|-id=617|

text: 25617 Thomasnesch

text: ||  || Thomas Nesch (b. 1989) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering project. He attends the Technische Oberschule Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.|-id=619|

text: 25619 Martonspohn

text: ||  || Marton Spohn (b. 1989) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular and molecular biology project. He attends the Fazekas Mihaly Secondary Grammar School, Budapest, Hungary.|-id=620|

text: 25620 Jayaprakash

text: ||  || Vishnu Jayaprakash (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. He attends the Chettinad Vidyashram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.|-id=624|

text: 25624 Kronecker

text: Leopold Kronecker

text: , German mathematician. |-id=625|

text: 25625 Verdenet

text: Michel Verdenet

text: , French amateur astronomer, chairman of the Association française des observateurs d'étoiles variables (AFOÉV, French Association of Variable Star Observers) † ‡ +|-id=628|

text: 25628 Kummer

text: Ernst Eduard Kummer

text: , 19th-century German mathematician |-id=629|

text: 25629 Mukherjee

text: ||  || Anish Mukherjee (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the South Point High School, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.|-id=630|

text: 25630 Sarkar

text: ||  || Debarghya Sarkar (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering team project. He attends the South Point High School, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.|-id=636|

text: 25636 Vaishnav

text: ||  || Hetal Kanjibhai Vaishnav (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management project. She attends the Late Shree S.G Dholakiya Memorial High School, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.|-id=638|

text: 25638 Ahissar

text: ||  || Shira Ahissar (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Aharon Katzir High School, Rehovot, Israel.|-id=639|

text: 25639 Fedina

text: ||  || Ksenia G. Fedina (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her chemistry project. She attends the Moscow Chemical Lyceum # 1303, Moscow, Russia.|-id=640|

text: 25640 Klintefelt

text: ||  || Philippe Klintefelt Collet (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral and social sciences project. He attends the Goteborgs Hogre Samskola, Goteborg, Sweden.|-id=642|

text: 25642 Adiseshan

text: ||  || Tara Anjali Adiseshan (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. She also received the Intel Young Scientist Award. She attends the Ramana Academy, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=645|

text: 25645 Alexanderyan

text: ||  || Ryan Cherian Alexander (b. 1993) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. He attends the R. C. Clark High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=646|

text: 25646 Noniearora

text: ||  || Shubhangi Arora (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Novi High School, Novi, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=648|

text: 25648 Baghel

text: ||  || Prateek Singh Baghel (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular and molecular biology project. He attends the Shaker High School, Latham, New York, U.S.A.|-id=650|

text: 25650 Shaubakshi

text: ||  || Shaunak Krishan Bakshi (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his behavioral and social sciences team project. He also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award. He attends the Manhasset High School, Manhasset, New York, U.S.A.|-id=652|

text: 25652 Maddieball

text: ||  || Madeleine Amanda Ball (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. She attends the Ursuline Academy of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=653|

text: 25653 Baskaran

text: ||  || Akshai Baskaran (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. He attends the Kennewick High School, Kennewick, Washington, U.S.A.|-id=655|

text: 25655 Baupeter

text: ||  || Peter Bau (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal sciences project. He attends the Chamblee Charter High School, Chamblee, Georgia, U.S.A.|-id=656|

text: 25656 Bejnood

text: ||  || Alborz Bejnood (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology team project. He attends the Oak Ridge High School, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.|-id=657|

text: 25657 Berkowitz

text: ||  || Hannah M Berkowitz (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. She attends the Long Beach High School, Lido Beach, New York, U.S.A.|-id=658|

text: 25658 Bokor

text: ||  || Jacqueline B Bokor (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. She attends the Long Beach High School, Lido Beach, New York, U.S.A.|-id=659|

text: 25659 Liboynton

text: ||  || Li Sallou Boynton (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental science project. She also received the Intel Young Scientist Award. She attends the Bellaire High School, Bellaire, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=662|

text: 25662 Chonofsky

text: ||  || Mark Adrian Chonofsky (b. 1992) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant sciences project. He attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.A.|-id=663|

text: 25663 Nickmycroft

text: ||  || Nicholas Mycroft Christensen (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS) for his physics project. He was also awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. He attends the Wetumpka High School, Wetumpka, Alabama, U.S.A.|-id=669|

text: 25669 Kristinrose

text: ||  || Kristin Rose Cordwell (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her mathematical sciences project. She attends the Manzano High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=670|

text: 25670 Densley

text: ||  || Riley Taylor Densley (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the Bingham High School, South Jordan, Utah, U.S.A.|-id=673|

text: 25673 Di Mascio

text: ||  || Michael Vincent Di Mascio (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics project. He attends the Waynesville High School, Waynesville, Ohio, U.S.A.|-id=674|

text: 25674 Kevinellis

text: ||  || Kevin Michael Ellis (b. 1991) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his computer science project. He attends the Catlin Gabel School, Beaverton, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=676|

text: 25676 Jesseellison

text: ||  || Jesse Kane Ellison (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering project. He attends the Bayfield High School, Bayfield, Colorado, U.S.A.|-id=677|

text: 25677 Aaronenten

text: ||  || Aaron Christopher Enten (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. He attends the American Heritage School Plantation, Plantation, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=678|

text: 25678 Ericfoss

text: ||  || Eric A. Foss (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics project. He attends the Kentwood High School, Covington, Washington, U.S.A.|-id=679|

text: 25679 Andrewguo

text: ||  || Andrew Yi Guo (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health science s team project. He attends the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.|-id=680|

text: 25680 Walterhansen

text: ||  || Walter Preston Hansen (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the Bingham High School, South Jordan, Utah, U.S.A.|-id=683|

text: 25683 Haochenhong

text: ||  || Haochen Hong (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the La Cueva High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=685|

text: 25685 Katlinhornig

text: ||  || Katlin Jayne Hornig (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Sargent High School, Monte Vista, Colorado, U.S.A.|-id=686|

text: 25686 Stephoskins

text: ||  || Stephanie Page Hoskins (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Lincoln Park Academy, Fort Pierce, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=688|

text: 25688 Hritzo

text: ||  || Bernadette Ann Hritzo (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her animal sciences project. She attends the Villa Joseph Marie High School, Holland, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|-id=689|

text: 25689 Duannihuang

text: ||  || Duanni Huang (b. 1990) was awarded first place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics team project. He attends the La Cueva High School, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.|-id=690|

text: 25690 Iredale

text: ||  || Marley Elizabeth Iredale (b. 1992) was awarded first place and Best in Category in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth and planetary science project. She attends the Sequim High School, Sequim, Washington, U.S.A.|-id=693|

text: 25693 Ishitani

text: ||  || Catherine Elizabeth Ishitani (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health sciences project. She attends the Mayo High School, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A.|-id=695|

text: 25695 Eileenjang

text: ||  || Eileen Kao Jang (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental science project. She attends the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.|-id=696|

text: 25696 Kylejones

text: ||  || Kyle Jones (b. 1990) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his cellular and molecular biology project. He attends the Villages High School, The Villages, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=697|

text: 25697 Kadiyala

text: ||  || Vishnu Kiran Kadiyala (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health sciences team project. He attends the duPont Manual Magnet High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=698|

text: 25698 Snehakannan

text: ||  || Sneha Trichy Kannan (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2009 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health sciences project. She attends the Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S.A.|}

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/c11a9951609583c5c13c2cb3c9824e2e

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/a43f68d387aff0d5ac6c8625c915007f

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/65dac5d951a2cb0416ca63d69ca7ff03

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/2c30d90abe26583d57564c563c238902

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/de237b182c82f8a9e1520f967d4bd8bc

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/48ff89f8d4cbaaeb0965a4140fbc79ef

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/a2056095bc5ee082bf5af7daa7389f24

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/b663ccdc07c0c181a0b7da0fc6d52a46

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/be535acbd73ebf6d75d4925789474203

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/148cdc811c2786434bbcae8e527735be

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/bbf1c9ab18d16e9a7d48dfa677a103a3

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/f4266779365412ea759c953619ff2910

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ba3e3879bcce243449c4ecce32451f5a

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ff17bdd81271f7ba1fcfc527df3efb70

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ce68ff55d0bcc20d3adeee9e32bfc093

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracy.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/a3a9b9311dd6893079355c710767b807

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/8b0781085226360cdd1c37c1dc349dd5

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/20933c8b03dd35b743744df8da37d571

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/b376fc55dc01b0e95038e9004c1372c7

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/ef40df92e4a31116d18996b4a99dcd85

answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with significant gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/e3b1be2b69959981816c0552663642e9

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/1130968d8e0cdd48c5d56a73b1c62cbc

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/d5a4c0facd8a4d3bfde3de95f3e1c669

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/ec60b833db594d7e29393b8aa8f30d89

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/56dbab449165782890268dd66102ed29

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/833d0112df19b65b25029b997558f8c7

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/d68fda0711f2a3025be5fe9e1f658626

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: engineering team project.

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answers: her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio La Compania de Maria La Ensenanza, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.

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answers: Engineering Fair for her electrical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.

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answers: |-id=602| 25602 Ucaronia

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answers: her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.

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answers: her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio La Compania de Maria La Ensenanza, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.

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answers: Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.

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answers: Engineering Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.

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answers: |-id=604| 25601 Francopacini

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answers: Engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.

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answers: Fair for her electrical and mechanical engineering team project. She attends the Colegio Tecnico Profesional de San Sebastian, San Jose, Costa Rica.

text: IIST offers undergraduate (B.Tech.), master's (M.Tech.) and Ph.D. programs in space science and technology, and also serves as a research centre. Doctoral programs in basic sciences and post-doctoral programs are also offered. Till 2013 batch, three different courses in B.Tech were offered, namely B.Tech in Aerospace, Avionics and Physical Sciences. As of 2014 admissions, a new 5-year Dual Degree (B.Tech. + M.Tech./M.S) in Engineering Physics replaced the existing Physical Sciences branch. The M.Tech./M.S can be done in any of the following - M.S. in Astronomy & Astrophysics, M.S. in Earth System Science, M.S. in Solid State Physics or M.Tech. in Optical Engineering. The seats are limited to 20 in the dual degree program from the existing 36 in Physical Sciences. 60 students each are admitted to the Aerospace and Avionics branches.

text: IIST offers undergraduate (

text: B.Tech.

text: ), master's (

text: M.Tech.

text: ) and Ph.D. programs in

text: space science

text: and

text: technology

text: , and also serves as a research centre. Doctoral programs in basic sciences and post-doctoral programs are also offered. Till 2013 batch, three different courses in B.Tech were offered, namely B.Tech in Aerospace, Avionics and Physical Sciences. As of 2014 admissions, a new 5-year Dual Degree (B.Tech. + M.Tech./M.S) in Engineering Physics replaced the existing Physical Sciences branch. The M.Tech./M.S can be done in any of the following - M.S. in Astronomy & Astrophysics, M.S. in Earth System Science, M.S. in Solid State Physics or M.Tech. in Optical Engineering. The seats are limited to 20 in the dual degree program from the existing 36 in Physical Sciences. 60 students each are admitted to the Aerospace and Avionics branches.

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answers: Earth

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answers: Earth System Science

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answers: Earth

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answers: The seats are limited to 20 in the dual degree program

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answers: Aerospace

text: Budyko's groundbreaking book, Heat Balance of the Earth's Surface, published in 1956, transformed climatology from a qualitative into a quantitative physical science. These new physical methods based on heat balance were quickly adopted by climatologists around the world. In 1963, Budyko directed the compilation of an atlas illustrating the components of the Earth's heat balance.

text: Budyko's groundbreaking book, Heat Balance of the Earth's Surface, published in 1956, transformed

text: climatology

text: from a qualitative into a quantitative physical science. These new physical methods based on heat balance were quickly adopted by climatologists around the world. In 1963, Budyko directed the compilation of an atlas illustrating the components of the Earth's heat balance.

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text: The College also conducts Meteorology branch related courses:

text: The College also conducts Meteorology branch related courses:

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answers: Fossil fuels contribute to global warming.

text: Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws. Today, that distinction has mostly disappeared and the terms "astronomer" and "astrophysicist" are interchangeable. Professional astronomers are highly educated individuals who typically have a Ph.D. in physics or astronomy and are employed by research institutions or universities. They spend the majority of their time working on research, although they quite often have other duties such as teaching, building instruments, or aiding in the operation of an observatory.

text: Historically

text: , astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of

text: phenomena

text: in the sky, while

text: astrophysics

text: attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws. Today, that distinction has mostly disappeared and the terms "astronomer" and "astrophysicist" are interchangeable. Professional astronomers are highly educated individuals who typically have a

text: Ph.D.

text: in

text: physics

text: or astronomy and are employed by research institutions or universities. They spend the majority of their time working on research, although they quite often have other duties such as teaching, building instruments, or aiding in the operation of an observatory.

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text: The Wild Rice River's largest tributaries are the White Earth River, which joins it near Mahnomen, and the South Branch Wild Rice River, which joins it in its lower course in Norman County; the South Branch rises near Ogema in northwestern Becker County and flows  generally westwardly through Clay and Norman counties, past the town of Ulen.

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text: , which joins it near Mahnomen, and the South Branch Wild Rice River, which joins it in its lower course in Norman County; the South Branch rises near

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text: Subjects within creation science correspond to the scientific disciplines of biology, earth sciences and astronomy.

text: Subjects within creation science correspond to the scientific disciplines of biology,

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text: The first statistical guidance used by the National Hurricane Center was the Hurricane Analog Technique (HURRAN), which was available in 1969.  It used the newly developed North Atlantic tropical cyclone database to find storms with similar tracks.  It then shifted their tracks through the storm's current path, and used location, direction and speed of motion, and the date to find suitable analogs.  The method did well with storms south of the 25th parallel which had not yet turned northward, but poorly with systems near or after recurvature.  Since 1972, the Climatology and Persistence (CLIPER) statistical model has been used to help generate tropical cyclone track forecasts.  In the era of skillful dynamical forecasts, CLIPER is now being used as the baseline to show model and forecaster skill.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/resources/docs/Statistical_Knaff.pdf|pages=80–81|title=Statistical, 5-Day Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts Derived from Climatology and Persistence|volume=18|date=February 2003|accessdate=2011-02-25|publisher=American Meteorological Society|journal=Weather and Forecasting|doi=10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018

text: The first statistical guidance used by the

text: National Hurricane Center

text: was the Hurricane Analog Technique (HURRAN), which was available in 1969.  It used the newly developed

text: North Atlantic tropical cyclone database

text: to find storms with similar tracks.  It then shifted their tracks through the storm's current path, and used location, direction and speed of motion, and the date to find suitable analogs.  The method did well with storms south of the

text: 25th parallel

text: which had not yet turned northward, but poorly with systems near or after recurvature.  Since 1972, the

text: Climatology and Persistence

text: (CLIPER) statistical model has been used to help generate tropical cyclone track forecasts.  In the era of skillful dynamical forecasts, CLIPER is now being used as the baseline to show model and forecaster skill.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/resources/docs/Statistical_Knaff.pdf|pages=80–81|title=Statistical, 5-Day Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts Derived from Climatology and Persistence|volume=18|date=February 2003|accessdate=2011-02-25|publisher=

text: American Meteorological Society

text: |journal=Weather and Forecasting|doi=10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018

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text: Between 1907 and 1911 Otto Krümmel published the Handbuch der Ozeanographie, which became influential in awakening public interest in oceanography. The four-month 1910 North Atlantic expedition headed by John Murray and Johan Hjort was the most ambitious research oceanographic and marine zoological project ever mounted until then, and led to the classic 1912 book The Depths of the Ocean.

text: Between 1907 and 1911

text: Otto Krümmel

text: published the Handbuch der Ozeanographie, which became influential in awakening public interest in oceanography. The four-month 1910 North Atlantic expedition headed by John Murray and

text: Johan Hjort

text: was the most ambitious research oceanographic and marine zoological project ever mounted until then, and led to the classic 1912 book The Depths of the Ocean.

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text: Earth science (also known as geoscience), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet

text: Earth

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text: Luke Howard is considered to have established urban climatology with his book The Climate of London, which contained continuous daily observations from 1801 to 1841 of wind direction, atmospheric pressure, maximum temperature, and rainfall.

text: Luke Howard

text: is considered to have established urban climatology with his book The Climate of London, which contained continuous daily observations from 1801 to 1841 of wind direction, atmospheric pressure, maximum temperature, and rainfall.

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text: The Nicholas School celebrates its creation date as 1991, but it represents a coming together of three entities that are almost as old as the university itself. Both formed in 1938, the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and the Duke University Marine Laboratory came together in 1991 to become the School of Environment. Following a $20 million gift from Peter M. and Ginny Nicholas in 1995, the school was named the Nicholas School of the Environment. In 1997, the Department of Geology (formed in 1936) joined the school as the Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences and focuses on a number of areas at the intersection of earth and environmental sciences.

text: The Nicholas School celebrates its creation date as 1991, but it represents a coming together of three entities that are almost as old as the university itself. Both formed in 1938, the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and the Duke University Marine Laboratory came together in 1991 to become the School of Environment. Following a $20 million gift from

text: Peter M. and Ginny Nicholas

text: in 1995, the school was named the Nicholas School of the Environment. In 1997, the Department of Geology (formed in 1936) joined the school as the Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences and focuses on a number of areas at the intersection of earth and environmental sciences.

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text: Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "place, zone"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time. This modern field of study is regarded as a branch of the atmospheric sciences and a subfield of physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences. Climatology now includes aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry.  Basic knowledge of climate can be used within shorter term weather forecasting using analog techniques such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) which is also known as the Arctic oscillation (AO), the Northern Pacific (NP) Index, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO).  Climate models are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate.

text: Climatology (from

text: Greek

text: κλίμα, klima, "place, zone"; and -λογία,

text: -logia

text: ) or climate science is the study of

text: climate

text: , scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time. This modern field of study is regarded as a branch of the

text: atmospheric sciences

text: and a subfield of

text: physical geography

text: , which is one of the

text: Earth science

text: s. Climatology now includes aspects of

text: oceanography

text: and

text: biogeochemistry

text: .  Basic knowledge of climate can be used within shorter term

text: weather forecasting

text: using analog techniques such as the

text: El Niño–Southern Oscillation

text: (ENSO), the

text: Madden–Julian oscillation

text: (MJO), the

text: North Atlantic oscillation

text: (NAO), the

text: Northern Annular Mode

text: (NAM) which is also known as the

text: Arctic oscillation

text: (AO), the Northern Pacific (NP) Index, the

text: Pacific decadal oscillation

text: (PDO), and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO).  Climate models are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate.

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answers: Physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences

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answers: Rock layers below Earths surface are a record of Earths history.

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answers: Climatology

text: A comparable discipline is oceanography, as it draws upon a similar breadth of scientific disciplines. Oceanography is sub-categorized into more specialized cross-disciplines, such as physical oceanography and marine biology. As the marine ecosystem is very large and diverse, marine biology is further divided into many subfields, including specializations in particular species.

text: A comparable discipline is

text: oceanography

text: , as it draws upon a similar breadth of scientific disciplines. Oceanography is sub-categorized into more specialized cross-disciplines, such as

text: physical oceanography

text: and

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text: FOSS and Delta Science modules are the foundation for many of the science units. Each grade covers a core science subject. Grade five covers environmental science, grade six covers Earth science, and grade seven studies life science. Experimental and experiential learning is central to the curriculum.

text: FOSS and Delta Science modules are the foundation for many of the science units. Each grade covers a core science subject. Grade five covers environmental science, grade six covers Earth science, and grade seven studies life science. Experimental and experiential learning is central to the curriculum.

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text: The energy generation forecasting problem is closely linked to the problem of weather variables forecasting. Indeed, this problem is usually split into two parts, on one hand focusing on the forecasting of solar PV or any other meteorological variable and on the other hand estimating the amount of energy that a concrete power plant will produce with the estimated meteorological resource.In general, the way to deal with this difficult problem is usually related to the spatial and temporal scales we are interested in, which yields to different approaches that can be found in the literature. In this sense, it is useful to classify these techniques depending on the forecasting horizon, so it is possible to distinguish between now-casting (forecasting 3–4 hours ahead), short-term forecasting (up to 7 days ahead) and long-term forecasting (months, years…)Solar radiation is a most important power follower of the physical and biological development in our earth. Its spatial and sequential heterogeneity powerfully influence the forceful of the environmental and hydrological organism by manipulate air temperature, soil moisture and vapor transpiration, snow cover up and lots of photochemical procedure. Therefore, solar radiation drives place efficiency and plant life allotment, organism a key feature in undeveloped and forestry sciences that be obliged to be known precisely. The quantity of solar radiation obtainable at the earth’ surface is at the outset controlled at worldwide balance, organism above all precious by the Sun Earth geometry and the atmosphere. On the other hand, a complete explanation of its freedom time unpredictability require deliberation of limited procedure which frequently turn out to be also applicable, as is the casing in mountainous region. Predominantly, limited territory adjust the inward bound solar radiation by shadow casts, slope of elevation, surface gradient and compass reading, as a result, precise spatial model of inward bound solar radiation be supposed to regard as the pressure of the terrain surface. In the final time, more than a few events to consist of the confined terrain special effects in the solar radiation countryside have been projected, such as the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), artificial intelligence or post dispensation of satellite stand technique. Solar radiation can be also evaluate using numerical weather forecast (NWP) models. Nevertheless, the space and time balance determined with them and the incomplete computational ability frequently avoid the deliberation of terrain connected property.

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text: During the year, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued advisories on tropical cyclones west of the International Date Line to the Malay Peninsula, and north of the equator, in its role as the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, as designated by the World Meteorological Organization in 1989. The JMA issued forecasts and analyses every six hours starting at midnight UTC using numerical weather prediction (NWP) and a climatological tropical cyclone forecast model. They used the Dvorak technique and NWP to estimate 10-minute sustained winds and barometric pressure. The JTWC also issued warnings on storms within the basin, operating from Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and supplying forecasts to the United States Armed Forces in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The agency moved their backup facility from Yokosuka, Kanagawa in Japan to Monterey, California in 2002. Several meteorologists left the agency near the beginning of the year, although the new forecasters compensated for their inexperience by relying on the consensus of various forecast models.  In 2002, the JTWC began experimenting with five-day forecasts.

text: During the year, the

text: Japan Meteorological Agency

text: (JMA) issued advisories on tropical cyclones west of the

text: International Date Line

text: to the

text: Malay Peninsula

text: , and north of the

text: equator

text: , in its role as the official

entity_name: Regional Specialized Meteorological Center

text: Regional Specialized Meteorological Center

text: , as designated by the

text: World Meteorological Organization

text: in 1989. The JMA issued forecasts and analyses every six hours starting at midnight UTC using

text: numerical weather prediction

text: (NWP) and a climatological

text: tropical cyclone forecast model

text: . They used the

text: Dvorak technique

text: and NWP to estimate 10-minute

text: sustained winds

text: and

text: barometric pressure

text: . The JTWC also issued warnings on storms within the basin, operating from

text: Pearl Harbor

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: and supplying forecasts to the United States Armed Forces in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The agency moved their backup facility from

text: Yokosuka, Kanagawa

text: in Japan to

text: Monterey, California

text: in 2002. Several meteorologists left the agency near the beginning of the year, although the new forecasters compensated for their inexperience by relying on the consensus of various forecast models.  In 2002, the JTWC began experimenting with five-day

text: forecasts

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text: Bahria University offers Bachelor and higher degree programmes. It produces professionals in areas like Electronics & Telecommunication, Electrical, Computer Sciences, Software Engineering, Business Management, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Professional Psychology, Social Sciences and Law.

text: Bahria University offers Bachelor and higher degree programmes. It produces professionals in areas like Electronics & Telecommunication, Electrical, Computer Sciences, Software Engineering, Business Management, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Professional Psychology, Social Sciences and Law.

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text: It was on public display at the OMSI Earth Science Hall in Portland, OR from 2009–2010 and its current whereabouts are undisclosed as of 6/2016.

text: It was on public display at the OMSI Earth Science Hall in Portland, OR from 2009–2010 and its current whereabouts are undisclosed as of 6/2016.

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text: Meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, and atmospheric chemistry are sub-disciplines of the atmospheric sciences. Meteorology and hydrology compose the interdisciplinary field of hydrometeorology. The interactions between Earth's atmosphere and its oceans are part of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military, energy production, transport, agriculture, and construction.

text: Meteorology,

text: climatology

text: atmospheric physics

text: , and

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text: are sub-disciplines of the

text: atmospheric sciences

text: . Meteorology and

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text: compose the interdisciplinary field of

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text: . The interactions between Earth's atmosphere and its oceans are part of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military,

text: energy production

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text: The England and Wales Precipitation series for its earlier years was based on the work of amateur observers whose observations were collected by George James Symons in British Rainfall and analysed extensively in 1931 to form a monthly series as far back as 1727. Detailed analysis during the early 1980s showed by use of principal component analysis that England and Wales could be climatologically divided into five regions corresponding closely to present-day meteorological divisions; however, because of the absence of data from South West England between 1813 and 1816 and from North West England before 1766, the modern series begins in January 1766. Separate data for each region of England go back only to 1873.

text: The England and Wales Precipitation series for its earlier years was based on the work of amateur observers whose observations were collected by George James Symons in British Rainfall and analysed extensively in 1931 to form a monthly series as far back as 1727. Detailed analysis during the early 1980s showed by use of

text: principal component analysis

text: that England and Wales could be climatologically divided into five regions corresponding closely to present-day meteorological divisions; however, because of the absence of data from South West England between 1813 and 1816 and from North West England before 1766, the modern series begins in January 1766. Separate data for each region of England go back only to 1873.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels

text: Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies principles of engineering mechanics, e.g. kinematics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanics of material, to predict the mechanical behavior of soils.  Rock mechanics is the theoretical and applied science of the mechanical behaviour of rock and rock masses; it is that branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock and rock masses to the force-fields of their physical environment. The fundamental processes are all related to the behaviour of porous media.  Together, soil and rock mechanics are the basis for solving many engineering geology problems.

text: Soil mechanics

text: is a discipline that applies principles of engineering mechanics, e.g. kinematics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanics of material, to predict the mechanical behavior of soils.

text: Rock mechanics

text: is the theoretical and applied science of the mechanical behaviour of rock and rock masses; it is that branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock and rock masses to the

text: force-fields

text: of their physical environment. The fundamental processes are all related to the behaviour of porous media.  Together, soil and rock mechanics are the basis for solving many engineering geology problems.

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text: Anan ben David, in direct contradiction of Karaites such as Daniel Al-Kumisi, had small respect for science as is often shown in his law-book. He forbids the use of medicines and of medical aid in general, for it is written, he says, "I, God, am thy physician" (Ex. xv. 26); this is held to prohibit drugs and doctors.His opposition to the astronomical determination of the festivals, of which he boasted to the caliph, led him to declare astronomy as a branch of the astrology and divination forbidden in the Bible, thus undermining the very foundation of the rabbinical calendar.

text: Anan ben David, in direct contradiction of Karaites such as

text: Daniel Al-Kumisi

text: , had small respect for science as is often shown in his law-book. He forbids the use of medicines and of medical aid in general, for it is written, he says, "I, God, am thy physician" (Ex. xv. 26); this is held to prohibit drugs and doctors.His opposition to the astronomical determination of the festivals, of which he boasted to the caliph, led him to declare astronomy as a branch of the astrology and divination forbidden in the Bible, thus undermining the very foundation of the rabbinical calendar.

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text: To accommodate the needs of working professionals who could not pursue full-time study, SIPA established the Executive MPA program in 1999 as part of the Picker Center for Executive Education. In 2001 the School introduced an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), which condenses the two years into twelve consecutive months, without a reduction in requirements, and provides core courses in management and policy analysis with a concentration in environmental science and earth systems. The ESP MPA program is offered in cooperation with The Earth Institute and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. In fall 2004 SIPA inaugurated its first doctoral program, the interdisciplinary Ph.D. in Sustainable Development, which combines elements of a traditional graduate education in social science, particularly economics, with a significant training in the natural sciences.

text: To accommodate the needs of working professionals who could not pursue full-time study, SIPA established the Executive MPA program in 1999 as part of the Picker Center for Executive Education. In 2001 the School introduced an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), which condenses the two years into twelve consecutive months, without a reduction in requirements, and provides core courses in management and policy analysis with a concentration in

text: environmental science

text: and

text: earth systems

text: . The ESP MPA program is offered in cooperation with

text: The Earth Institute

text: and the

text: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

text: . In fall 2004 SIPA inaugurated its first doctoral program, the interdisciplinary Ph.D. in

text: Sustainable Development

text: , which combines elements of a traditional graduate education in social science, particularly economics, with a significant training in the natural sciences.

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text: For her work she was awarded the 2005 Price Medal "for investigations of outstanding merit in solid-earth geophysics, oceanography, or planetary sciences" of the Royal Astronomical Society.That same year she was also made a Fellow of the Icelandic National Academy of Sciences.

text: For her work she was awarded the 2005

text: Price Medal

text: "for investigations of outstanding merit in solid-earth geophysics, oceanography, or planetary sciences" of the

text: Royal Astronomical Society

text: .That same year she was also made a Fellow of the Icelandic National Academy of Sciences.

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answers: She was awarded the 2005 Price Medal

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text: An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside of the scope of Earth. They look at stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, as well as many other celestial objects — either in observational astronomy, in analyzing the data or in theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers work on include: planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. There are also related but distinct subjects like cosmology which studies the Universe as a whole.

text: An astronomer is a scientist in the field of

text: astronomy

text: who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside of the scope of

text: Earth

text: . They look at

text: star

text: s,

text: planet

text: s,

text: moons

text: comet

text: s and

text: galaxies

text: , as well as many other

text: celestial object

text: s — either in

text: observational astronomy

text: , in analyzing the data or in

text: theoretical astronomy

text: . Examples of topics or fields astronomers work on include: planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. There are also related but distinct subjects like

text: cosmology

text: which studies the

text: Universe

text: as a whole.

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text: Earth science generally recognizes 4 spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere as correspondent to rocks, water, air, and life respectively. Some scientists include, as part of the spheres of the Earth, the cryosphere (corresponding to ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere, as well as the pedosphere (corresponding to soil) as an active and intermixed sphere. Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres of Earth.

text: Earth science generally recognizes 4 spheres, the

text: lithosphere

text: , the

text: hydrosphere

text: , the

text: atmosphere

text: , and the

text: biosphere

text: as correspondent to

text: rocks

text: water

text: air

text: , and

text: life

text: respectively. Some scientists include, as part of the spheres of the Earth, the

text: cryosphere

text: (corresponding to

text: ice

text: ) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere, as well as the

text: pedosphere

text: (corresponding to

text: soil

text: ) as an active and intermixed sphere.

text: Earth science

text: (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the

text: science

text: s related to the planet

text: Earth

text: . There are four major

text: discipline

text: s in earth sciences, namely

text: geography

text: geology

text: geophysics

text: and

text: geodesy

text: . These major disciplines use

text: physics

text: chemistry

text: biology

text: chronology

text: and

text: mathematics

text: to build a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the principal areas or

text: spheres

text: of Earth.

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text: Atmospheric physics is the application of physics to the study of the atmosphere. Atmospheric physicists attempt to model Earth's atmosphere and the atmospheres of the other planets using fluid flow equations, chemical models, radiation budget, and energy transfer processes in the atmosphere (as well as how these tie into other systems such as the oceans). In order to model weather systems, atmospheric physicists employ elements of scattering theory, wave propagation models, cloud physics, statistical mechanics and spatial statistics which are highly mathematical and related to physics. It has close links to meteorology and climatology and also covers the design and construction of instruments for studying the atmosphere and the interpretation of the data they provide, including remote sensing instruments. At the dawn of the space age and the introduction of sounding rockets, aeronomy became a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important.

text: Atmospheric physics is the application of

text: physics

text: to the study of the

text: atmosphere

text: . Atmospheric physicists attempt to model

text: Earth's atmosphere

text: and the atmospheres of the other

text: planet

text: s using

text: fluid flow

text: equations,

text: chemical

text: models,

text: radiation budget

text: , and energy transfer processes in the atmosphere (as well as how these tie into other systems such as the oceans). In order to model weather systems, atmospheric physicists employ elements of

text: scattering theory

text: , wave propagation models,

text: cloud physics

text: statistical mechanics

text: and

text: spatial statistics

text: which are highly mathematical and related to physics. It has close links to

text: meteorology

text: and

text: climatology

text: and also covers the design and construction of instruments for studying the atmosphere and the interpretation of the data they provide, including

text: remote sensing

text: instruments. At the dawn of the space age and the introduction of sounding rockets,

text: aeronomy

text: became a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important.

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text: |-| 26501 Sachiko ||  || Sachiko Nagata, teacher of Oshibana, the Japanese art of arranging pressed flowers |-id=502| 26502 Traviscole ||  || 26502 Traviscole Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Travis Cole Sylvester (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental-management project. He attends the Greybull High School, Greybull, Wyoming, U.S.A.|-id=503| 26503 Avicramer ||  || 26503 Avicramer Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Avilash Kalpathy Cramer (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the West Linn High School, West Linn, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=504| 26504 Brandonli ||  || 26504 Brandonli Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Brandon Li (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Jericho High School, Jericho, New York, U.S.A.|-id=505| 26505 Olextokarev ||  || 26505 Olextokarev Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.|-id=507| 26507 Mikelin ||  || 26507 Mikelin Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Lin (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management team project. He attends the Robert Louis Stevenson Upper School, Pebble Beach, California, U.S.A.|-id=508| 26508 Jimmylin ||  || 26508 Jimmylin Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Jimmy Lin (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management team project. He attends the Robert Louis Stevenson Upper School, Pebble Beach, California, U.S.A.|-id=513| 26513 Newberry ||  || 26513 Newberry Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. William Cummings Newberry (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials-and-bioengineering project. He attends the Greenwich High School, Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S.A.|-id=518| 26518 Bhuiyan ||  || 26518 Bhuiyan Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Mubarrat Nuvid Bhuiyan (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering project. She attends the Jericho High School, Jericho, New York, U.S.A.|-id=522| 26522 Juliapoje ||  || 26522 Juliapoje Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Julia Elizabeth Poje (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering project. She attends the Valley Stream South High School, Valley Stream, New York, U.S.A.|-id=526| 26526 Jookayhyun ||  || 26526 Jookayhyun Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Joo Kay Hyun (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering project. She attends the Changduk Girls High School, Seoul, South Korea.|-id=527| 26527 Leasure ||  || 26527 Leasure Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Audrey Christine Leasure (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering team project. She attends the Lake Highland Preparatory School, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=528| 26528 Genniferubin ||  || 26528 Genniferubin Discovered 2000 Feb. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gennifer Reid Rubin (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering team project. She attends the Lake Highland Preparatory School, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=530| 26530 Lucferreira ||  || 26530 Lucferreira Discovered 2000 Feb. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Lucas Strasburg Ferreira (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials-and-bioengineering team project. He attends the Fundacao Escola Tecnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|-id=532| 26532 Eduardoboff ||  || 26532 Eduardoboff Discovered 2000 Feb. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Eduardo Trierweiler Boff (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials-and-bioengineering team project. He attends the Fundacao Escola Tecnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|-id=533| 26533 Aldering ||  || Greg Aldering (b. 1962), a member of Supernova Cosmology Project studying the use of Type Ia supernovae for determining cosmological parameters. |-id=537| 26537 Shyamalbuch ||  || 26537 Shyamalbuch Discovered 2000 Feb. 28 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shyamal Buch (b. 1995) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation project. He attends the Vista del Lago High School, Folsom, California, U.S.A.|-id=541| 26541 Garyross ||  || Gary Ross (b. 1945) has served on the executive board of the Grand Rapids Astronomical Society and Warren Astronomical Society in southern Michigan. He has also been instrumental in the operation of the James C. Veen observatory in Lowell, Michigan, for over 40 years. |-id=544| 26544 Ajjarapu ||  || 26544 Ajjarapu Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Avanthi Sai Ajjarapu (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation project. She attends the Ames High School, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.|-id=545| 26545 Meganperkins ||  || 26545 Meganperkins Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Megan Lynn Perkins (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation project. She attends the duPont Manual High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=546| 26546 Arulmani ||  || 26546 Arulmani Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Dheevesh Arulmani (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation project. He attends the Gordon Graydon Memorial Secondary School, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.|-id=548| 26548 Joykutty ||  || 26548 Joykutty Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Anna Maria Joykutty (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation project. She attends the American Heritage School, Plantation, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=549| 26549 Tankanran ||  || 26549 Tankanran Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tan Kan-Ran (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation team project. He attends the Beijing No. 4 High School, Beijing, China.|-id=551| 26551 Shenliangbo ||  || 26551 Shenliangbo Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shen Liang-Bo (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation team project. He attends the Beijing No. 4 High School, Beijing, China.|-id=557| 26557 Aakritijain ||  || 26557 Aakritijain Discovered 2000 Feb. 28 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Aakriti Jain (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation team project. She attends the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=559| 26559 Chengcheng ||  || 26559 Chengcheng Discovered 2000 Mar. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Cheng Cheng (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation team project. She attends the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=575| 26575 Andreapugh ||  || 26575 Andreapugh Discovered 2000 Mar. 9 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Andrea Aleah Pugh (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science project. She attends the Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy, Saginaw, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=578| 26578 Cellinekim ||  || 26578 Cellinekim Discovered 2000 Mar. 9 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Celline Kim (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science project. She attends the Manhasset High School, Manhasset, New York, U.S.A.|-id=586| 26586 Harshaw ||  || 26586 Harshaw Discovered 2000 Mar. 10 by R. Hill at the Catalina Sky Survey. Richard Harshaw (b. 1951) is an Arizona amateur astronomer who makes measurements of double stars. He has served in numerous official positions with astronomy clubs.|-id=591| 26591 Robertreeves ||  || 26591 Robertreeves Discovered 2000 Mar. 2 by R. Hill at the Catalina Sky Survey. Robert Reeves (b. 1946) is the author of several books on digital astronomical imaging and of numerous popular articles on various topics in astronomy and space science.|-id=592| 26592 Maryrenfro ||  || Mary Renfro Reeves (born 1957) is a physical therapist in San Antonio, Texas |-id=593| 26593 Perrypat ||  || Perry Remaklus (b. 1939) and Patricia Remaklus (b. 1941), the founders, owners, and operators of the Willmann-Bell astronomy book publishing firm and long-time members of the Springfield Telescope Makers. |}

text: 26501 Sachiko

text: ||  || Sachiko Nagata, teacher of

text: Oshibana

text: , the Japanese art of arranging pressed flowers |-id=502|

text: 26502 Traviscole

text: ||  || 26502 Traviscole Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Travis Cole Sylvester (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental-management project. He attends the Greybull High School, Greybull, Wyoming, U.S.A.|-id=503|

text: 26503 Avicramer

text: ||  || 26503 Avicramer Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Avilash Kalpathy Cramer (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the West Linn High School, West Linn, Oregon, U.S.A.|-id=504|

text: 26504 Brandonli

text: ||  || 26504 Brandonli Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Brandon Li (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Jericho High School, Jericho, New York, U.S.A.|-id=505|

text: 26505 Olextokarev

text: ||  || 26505 Olextokarev Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.|-id=507|

text: 26507 Mikelin

text: ||  || 26507 Mikelin Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Lin (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management team project. He attends the Robert Louis Stevenson Upper School, Pebble Beach, California, U.S.A.|-id=508|

text: 26508 Jimmylin

text: ||  || 26508 Jimmylin Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Jimmy Lin (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management team project. He attends the Robert Louis Stevenson Upper School, Pebble Beach, California, U.S.A.|-id=513|

text: 26513 Newberry

text: ||  || 26513 Newberry Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. William Cummings Newberry (b. 1991) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials-and-bioengineering project. He attends the Greenwich High School, Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S.A.|-id=518|

text: 26518 Bhuiyan

text: ||  || 26518 Bhuiyan Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Mubarrat Nuvid Bhuiyan (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering project. She attends the Jericho High School, Jericho, New York, U.S.A.|-id=522|

text: 26522 Juliapoje

text: ||  || 26522 Juliapoje Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Julia Elizabeth Poje (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering project. She attends the Valley Stream South High School, Valley Stream, New York, U.S.A.|-id=526|

text: 26526 Jookayhyun

text: ||  || 26526 Jookayhyun Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Joo Kay Hyun (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering project. She attends the Changduk Girls High School, Seoul, South Korea.|-id=527|

text: 26527 Leasure

text: ||  || 26527 Leasure Discovered 2000 Feb. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Audrey Christine Leasure (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering team project. She attends the Lake Highland Preparatory School, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=528|

text: 26528 Genniferubin

text: ||  || 26528 Genniferubin Discovered 2000 Feb. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gennifer Reid Rubin (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials-and-bioengineering team project. She attends the Lake Highland Preparatory School, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=530|

text: 26530 Lucferreira

text: ||  || 26530 Lucferreira Discovered 2000 Feb. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Lucas Strasburg Ferreira (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials-and-bioengineering team project. He attends the Fundacao Escola Tecnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|-id=532|

text: 26532 Eduardoboff

text: ||  || 26532 Eduardoboff Discovered 2000 Feb. 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Eduardo Trierweiler Boff (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials-and-bioengineering team project. He attends the Fundacao Escola Tecnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|-id=533|

text: 26533 Aldering

text: ||  || Greg Aldering (b. 1962), a member of Supernova Cosmology Project studying the use of Type Ia supernovae for determining cosmological parameters. |-id=537|

text: 26537 Shyamalbuch

text: ||  || 26537 Shyamalbuch Discovered 2000 Feb. 28 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shyamal Buch (b. 1995) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation project. He attends the Vista del Lago High School, Folsom, California, U.S.A.|-id=541|

text: 26541 Garyross

text: ||  || Gary Ross (b. 1945) has served on the executive board of the Grand Rapids Astronomical Society and Warren Astronomical Society in southern Michigan. He has also been instrumental in the operation of the James C. Veen observatory in Lowell, Michigan, for over 40 years. |-id=544|

text: 26544 Ajjarapu

text: ||  || 26544 Ajjarapu Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Avanthi Sai Ajjarapu (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation project. She attends the Ames High School, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.|-id=545|

text: 26545 Meganperkins

text: ||  || 26545 Meganperkins Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Megan Lynn Perkins (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation project. She attends the duPont Manual High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=546|

text: 26546 Arulmani

text: ||  || 26546 Arulmani Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Dheevesh Arulmani (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation project. He attends the Gordon Graydon Memorial Secondary School, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.|-id=548|

text: 26548 Joykutty

text: ||  || 26548 Joykutty Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Anna Maria Joykutty (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation project. She attends the American Heritage School, Plantation, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=549|

text: 26549 Tankanran

text: ||  || 26549 Tankanran Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tan Kan-Ran (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation team project. He attends the Beijing No. 4 High School, Beijing, China.|-id=551|

text: 26551 Shenliangbo

text: ||  || 26551 Shenliangbo Discovered 2000 Feb. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shen Liang-Bo (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy-and-transportation team project. He attends the Beijing No. 4 High School, Beijing, China.|-id=557|

text: 26557 Aakritijain

text: ||  || 26557 Aakritijain Discovered 2000 Feb. 28 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Aakriti Jain (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation team project. She attends the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=559|

text: 26559 Chengcheng

text: ||  || 26559 Chengcheng Discovered 2000 Mar. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Cheng Cheng (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy-and-transportation team project. She attends the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=575|

text: 26575 Andreapugh

text: ||  || 26575 Andreapugh Discovered 2000 Mar. 9 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Andrea Aleah Pugh (b. 1994) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science project. She attends the Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy, Saginaw, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=578|

text: 26578 Cellinekim

text: ||  || 26578 Cellinekim Discovered 2000 Mar. 9 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Celline Kim (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science project. She attends the Manhasset High School, Manhasset, New York, U.S.A.|-id=586|

text: 26586 Harshaw

text: ||  || 26586 Harshaw Discovered 2000 Mar. 10 by R. Hill at the Catalina Sky Survey. Richard Harshaw (b. 1951) is an Arizona amateur astronomer who makes measurements of double stars. He has served in numerous official positions with astronomy clubs.|-id=591|

text: 26591 Robertreeves

text: ||  || 26591 Robertreeves Discovered 2000 Mar. 2 by R. Hill at the Catalina Sky Survey. Robert Reeves (b. 1946) is the author of several books on digital astronomical imaging and of numerous popular articles on various topics in astronomy and space science.|-id=592|

text: 26592 Maryrenfro

text: ||  || Mary Renfro Reeves (born 1957) is a physical therapist in

text: San Antonio, Texas

text: 26593 Perrypat

text: ||  || Perry Remaklus (b. 1939) and Patricia Remaklus (b. 1941), the founders, owners, and operators of the Willmann-Bell astronomy book publishing firm and long-time members of the Springfield Telescope Makers. |}

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answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 0

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000046

answers: 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: Mikelin

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attended the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: || || 26504 Mikelin

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: Mikelin

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: By the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000055

answers: 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attended the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: Earth science is a branch of geology.

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: Sachiko Nagata, teacher of Oshibana, the Japanese art of arranging pressed flowers.

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: || || 26507 Mikelin

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: The science of oceanography started with mapping the oceans.

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: The deepest part of the ocean, however, has yet to be explored.

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: Discovered 2000 Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: It's not clear if humans have had a big impact on the oceans, but it's not clear if humans have had a big impact on the oceans.

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attends the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: Feb. 2 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olexandr Tokarev (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environomental-management project. He attended the Chemical Ecological Lyceum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: Courses offered are: English, Mathematics, Computer, Filipino, Earth Science, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Social Studies, Values, Turkish, Physical Education, Environmental Science

text: Courses offered are:

text: English

text: Mathematics

text: Computer

text: Filipino

text: Earth Science

text: Chemistry

text: Biology

text: Physics

text: Social Studies

text: Values

text: Turkish

text: Physical Education

text: Environmental Science

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answers: Earth Science, Chemistry, Biology, Physics

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answers: Earth Science

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answers: Earth Science

text: As an honor to the Marquis, officers were selected from as many States as possible and, where practicable, from descendants of persons who had distinguished themselves in the American Revolution. One of these young men selected as officer on the Brandywines maiden voyage was 19-year-old Virgianian Matthew Fontaine Maury, who would eventually make great influences in the science of oceanography.

text: As an honor to the Marquis, officers were selected from as many States as possible and, where practicable, from descendants of persons who had distinguished themselves in the American Revolution. One of these young men selected as officer on the Brandywines maiden voyage was 19-year-old Virgianian

text: Matthew Fontaine Maury

text: , who would eventually make great influences in the science of oceanography.

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text: According to Forbes magazine back in 1917, the branch at 55 Wall Street "does more business in its head office than is done under any other nongovernmental banking roof on the face of the earth."

text: According to

text: Forbes

text: magazine back in 1917, the branch at 55 Wall Street "does more business in its head office than is done under any other nongovernmental banking roof on the face of the earth."

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answers: the branch at 55 Wall Street "does more business in its head office

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text: Ian Plimer started as a tutor and senior tutor in Earth sciences at Macquarie University from 1968 to 1973. After finishing his Ph.D., he became a lecturer in geology at the W.S. and L.B. Robinson University College of the University of New South Wales at Broken Hill from 1974 to 1979. Plimer then went to work for North Broken Hill Ltd. between 1979 and 1982, becoming chief research geologist. Due to his publication of a number of academic papers, he was offered a job as senior lecturer in economic geology at the University of New England in 1982. After two years, he left to become a professor and head of geology at the University of Newcastle through 1991. Plimer later served as professor and head of geology of the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne from 1991 to 2005. He was conferred as professor emeritus of earth sciences at the University of Melbourne in 2005, and is a professor of mining geology at the University of Adelaide.

text: Ian Plimer started as a tutor and senior tutor in Earth sciences at Macquarie University from 1968 to 1973. After finishing his Ph.D., he became a lecturer in geology at the W.S. and L.B. Robinson University College of the University of New South Wales at Broken Hill from 1974 to 1979. Plimer then went to work for North Broken Hill Ltd. between 1979 and 1982, becoming chief research geologist. Due to his publication of a number of academic papers, he was offered a job as senior lecturer in economic geology at the

text: University of New England

text: in 1982. After two years, he left to become a professor and head of geology at the

text: University of Newcastle

text: through 1991. Plimer later served as professor and head of geology of the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne from 1991 to 2005. He was conferred as professor emeritus of earth sciences at the University of Melbourne in 2005, and is a professor of mining geology at the University of Adelaide.

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text: In 1945 the Program in Food Technology was separated from the Department of Biology and Biomedical Engineering and became the Department of Food Technology (in 1960 the name changed to the Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Technology, in 1963 to the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, and in 1985 to the Department of Applied Biological Sciences). In 1988 the department was disbanded. In 1957 the Department of Meteorology moved from the School of Engineering to the School of Science (in 1981 it became the Department of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, and in 1983, part of the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences). In 1994 the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences was moved from the Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology to the School of Science.

text: In 1945 the Program in Food Technology was separated from the Department of Biology and Biomedical Engineering and became the Department of Food Technology (in 1960 the name changed to the Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Technology, in 1963 to the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, and in 1985 to the Department of Applied Biological Sciences). In 1988 the department was disbanded. In 1957 the Department of Meteorology moved from the School of Engineering to the School of Science (in 1981 it became the Department of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, and in 1983, part of the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences). In 1994 the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences was moved from the Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology to the School of Science.

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text: Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre (Vietnamese: Trung tâm nhiệt đới Việt Nga, Russian: Российско-вьетнамский тропический научно-исследовательский и технологический центр) is a scientific research organization in Vietnam. This centre was established in 1988 by an agreement between the Ministry of National Defense (Vietnam) and Russian Academy of Sciences. This centre is specializing in researching of sciences from tropical biology, medicine, environmental pollution and treatments such dioxin effects in Vietnam. It is headquartered in Hanoi and has branches in Ho Chi Minh City and Nha Trang.

text: Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre (Vietnamese: Trung tâm nhiệt đới Việt Nga, Russian: Российско-вьетнамский тропический научно-исследовательский и технологический центр) is a scientific research organization in

text: Vietnam

text: . This centre was established in 1988 by an agreement between the

text: Ministry of National Defense (Vietnam)

text: and

text: Russian Academy of Sciences

text: . This centre is specializing in researching of sciences from tropical biology, medicine, environmental pollution and treatments such

text: dioxin

text: effects in Vietnam. It is headquartered in

text: Hanoi

text: and has branches in

text: Ho Chi Minh City

text: and

text: Nha Trang

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text: Attenuation coefficient or narrow beam attenuation coefficient of the volume of a material characterizes how easily it can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A large attenuation coefficient means that the beam is quickly "attenuated" (weakened) as it passes through the medium, and a small attenuation coefficient means that the medium is relatively transparent to the beam. The SI unit of attenuation coefficient is the reciprocal metre (m). Extinction coefficient is an old term for this quantity, but still used in meteorology and climatology

text: Attenuation coefficient or narrow beam attenuation coefficient of the volume of a material characterizes how easily it can be penetrated by a beam of

text: light

text: sound

text: particle

text: s, or other

text: energy

text: or

text: matter

text: . A large attenuation coefficient means that the beam is quickly "attenuated" (weakened) as it passes through the medium, and a small attenuation coefficient means that the medium is relatively

text: transparent

text: to the beam. The

text: SI unit

text: of attenuation coefficient is the

text: reciprocal metre

text: (m). Extinction coefficient is an old term for this quantity, but still used in meteorology and climatology

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text: The Omega-class destroyer is a fictional vessel used by Earthforce, the military branch of the Earth Alliance, in the science fiction television series Babylon 5. The CGI model of the ship created through an early version of Lightwave made its first appearance during the opening scene of the opening episode of the second season, "Points Of Departure", which was initially aired in the United states on November 2nd, 1994.

text: The Omega-class destroyer is a fictional vessel used by

text: Earthforce

text: , the military branch of the

text: Earth Alliance

text: , in the science fiction television series

text: Babylon 5

text: . The

text: CGI

text: model of the ship created through an early version of

text: Lightwave

text: made its first appearance during the opening scene of the opening episode of the second season, "

text: Points Of Departure

text: ", which was initially aired in the United states on November 2nd, 1994.

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text: The Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is one of the largest and most diverse astrophysical institutions in the world, where scientists carry out a broad program of research in astronomy, astrophysics, earth and space sciences, and science education. The center's mission is to advance knowledge and understanding of the universe through research and education in astronomy and astrophysics.

text: The Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is one of the largest and most diverse astrophysical institutions in the world, where scientists carry out a broad program of research in

text: astronomy

text: astrophysics

text: earth

text: and

text: space science

text: s, and

text: science education

text: . The center's mission is to advance knowledge and understanding of the

text: universe

text: through research and education in astronomy and astrophysics.

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text: The station was established on 26 February 1977. It is managed by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and its main research areas include marine biology, oceanography, geology, geomorphology, glaciology, meteorology, climatology, seismology, magnetism and ecology.

text: The station was established on 26 February 1977. It is managed by the

text: Polish Academy of Sciences

text: , and its main research areas include marine

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text: oceanography

text: geology

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text: glaciology

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text: The NASA QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer) is an Earth observation satellite carrying the SeaWinds scatterometer. Its primary mission is to measure the surface wind speed and direction over the ice-free global oceans. Observations from QuikSCAT have a wide array of applications, and have contributed to climatological studies, weather forecasting, meteorology, oceanographic research, marine safety, commercial fishing, tracking large icebergs, and studies of land and sea ice, among others. This SeaWinds scatterometer is referred to as the QuikSCAT scatterometer to distinguish it from the nearly identical SeaWinds scatterometer flown on the ADEOS-2 satellite.

text: The

text: NASA

text: QuikSCAT (Quick

text: Scatterometer

text: ) is an

text: Earth observation satellite

text: carrying the SeaWinds

text: scatterometer

text: . Its primary mission is to measure the surface wind speed and direction over the ice-free global oceans. Observations from QuikSCAT have a wide array of applications, and have contributed to climatological studies, weather forecasting, meteorology, oceanographic research, marine safety, commercial fishing, tracking large icebergs, and studies of land and sea ice, among others. This SeaWinds scatterometer is referred to as the QuikSCAT scatterometer to distinguish it from the nearly identical SeaWinds scatterometer flown on the

text: satellite.

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text: The powerful symbolism of the book works in unison with paintings and text to create deeper meaning. It symbolizes objects as more than just its arbitrary symbol, as the quotation ‘when a tree is a ladder between earth and air’ presents the tree as not just a piece of wood, with bark and branches growing from the ground, but as something to be recognized in a different fashion-as a ladder. By drawing on the tree’s connections with the earth and air, it also portrays the beauty of nature, and how to appreciate it.

text: The powerful

text: symbol

text: ism of the book works in unison with paintings and text to create deeper meaning. It symbolizes objects as more than just its arbitrary symbol, as the quotation ‘when a tree is a ladder between earth and air’ presents the tree as not just a piece of wood, with bark and branches growing from the ground, but as something to be recognized in a different fashion-as a ladder. By drawing on the tree’s connections with the earth and air, it also portrays the beauty of nature, and how to appreciate it.

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text: Math and English cover a variety of topics each year, in preparation for the Georgia Milestones Test at the end of the year. Crews students earn higher scores on the test than other schools across the state. Each year, the science studied is just one branch. In 6th grade, students study Earth Science (Rocks, Meteorology, Oceanography, Astronomy, etc.), in 7th grade, students study Life Science (Mostly Biology, a little bit of ecology), and in 8th grade, the students study high school Physical Science (Physics and Chemistry), and have the option to accept a high school credit for the class. Social Studies is done in a similar fashion.

text: Math and English cover a variety of topics each year, in preparation for the Georgia Milestones Test at the end of the year. Crews students earn higher scores on the test than other schools across the state. Each year, the science studied is just one branch. In 6th grade, students study Earth Science (Rocks, Meteorology, Oceanography, Astronomy, etc.), in 7th grade, students study Life Science (Mostly Biology, a little bit of ecology), and in 8th grade, the students study high school Physical Science (Physics and Chemistry), and have the option to accept a high school credit for the class. Social Studies is done in a similar fashion.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: Lennon Hall was built in 1964 and renovated in 2005. It has been the permanent home of the science departments (Biology, Environmental Science, Earth Science) and held many large classrooms and laboratories.

text: Lennon Hall was built in 1964 and renovated in 2005. It has been the permanent home of the science departments (Biology, Environmental Science, Earth Science) and held many large classrooms and laboratories.

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text: EOSDIS ingests, processes, archives, and distributes data from a large number of Earth observing satellites, and provides end-to-end capabilities for managing NASA’s Earth science data from various sources – satellites, aircraft, field measurements, and various other programs. For the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite missions, EOSDIS provides capabilities for command and control, scheduling, data capture and initial (Level 0) processing. These capabilities, constituting the EOSDIS Mission Operations, are managed by the Earth Science Mission Operations (ESMO) Project. NASA network capabilities transport the data to the science operations facilities. EOSDIS consists of a set of processing facilities and Earth Science Data Centers (referred to as Distributed Active Archive Centers, or DAACs) distributed across the United States. These processing facilities and DAACs serve hundreds of thousands of users around the world, providing hundreds of millions of data files each year covering many Earth science disciplines. The EOSDIS project as of September 2012 reported it contained approximately 10 PB of data in its database with ingestion of approximately 8.5 TB daily.

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text: For millennia, humans have speculated how the physical and living elements on the surface of the Earth combine, with gods and goddesses frequently posited to embody specific elements. The notion that the Earth, itself, is alive was a regular theme of Greek philosophy and religion. Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of geology, initially in the Middle East and China, and largely focused on aspects such as the age of the Earth and the large-scale processes involved in mountain and ocean formation. As geology developed as a science, understanding of the interplay of different facets of the Earth system increased, leading to the inclusion of factors such as the Earth's interior, planetary geology and living systems.

text: For millennia, humans have speculated how the physical and living elements on the surface of the Earth combine, with gods and goddesses frequently posited to embody specific elements. The notion that the Earth, itself, is alive was a regular theme of Greek philosophy and religion. Early scientific interpretations of the Earth system began in the field of

text: geology

text: , initially in the Middle East and China, and largely focused on aspects such as the

text: age of the Earth

text: and the large-scale processes involved in

text: mountain

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text: formation. As

text: geology developed as a science

text: , understanding of the interplay of different facets of the Earth system increased, leading to the inclusion of factors such as the

text: Earth's interior

entity_name: Formation and evolution of the Solar System

text: planetary geology

text: and

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: The Tantra of Kalachakra is the basis of Tibetan astronomy. It explains some phenomena in a similar manner as modern astronomy science. Hence, Sun eclipse is described as the Moon passing between the Sun and the Earth.

text: The Tantra of

text: Kalachakra

text: is the basis of Tibetan astronomy. It explains some phenomena in a similar manner as modern astronomy science. Hence, Sun eclipse is described as the Moon passing between the Sun and the Earth.

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answers: The Tantra of Kalachakra

text: The Chemical Sciences Division (CSD) studies chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere that affect climate, air quality, and the ozone layer.

text: The Chemical Sciences Division (CSD) studies chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere that affect climate, air quality, and the ozone layer.

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text: The Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) are part of EOSDIS. DAACs process, archive, document, and distribute data from NASA's past and current Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites and field measurement programs. Each of the twelve data centers serves one or more specific Earth science disciplines and provides its user community with data products, data information, user services, and tools unique to its particular science.

text: The Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC) are part of EOSDIS. DAACs process, archive, document, and distribute data from NASA's past and current

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text: Pavle Vujević (Serbian Cyrillic: Павле Вујевић, 10 August 1881 – 17 November 1966) was a Serbian geographer and meteorologist, professor of climatology, meteorology, and mathematical geography at the University of Belgrade. He was a founder of the science of micro-climatology, and one of the first in the science of potamology, the study of rivers.

text: Pavle Vujević (Serbian Cyrillic: Павле Вујевић, 10 August 1881 – 17 November 1966) was a Serbian geographer and meteorologist, professor of climatology, meteorology, and mathematical geography at the

text: University of Belgrade

text: . He was a founder of the science of micro-

text: climatology

text: , and one of the first in the science of potamology, the study of rivers.

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text: The environmental transformations that have accompanied population growth  in Central America led to a broader engagement with cultural ecology and the human relationship with nature. A major initiative with colleagues at Clark University, which was always a center for this type of work under Robert Kates, Roger Kasperson and others, culminated in the Earth Transformed by Human Action (1990), a major stocktaking of anthropogenic impacts on the planet and its ecosystems. Over the last 20 years Turner has led, or participated in, other research on the science and dynamics of global environmental change (e.g. Steffen et al., 2004).

text: The environmental transformations that have accompanied population growth  in

text: Central America

text: led to a broader engagement with cultural ecology and the human relationship with nature. A major initiative with colleagues at Clark University, which was always a center for this type of work under

text: Robert Kates

text: , Roger Kasperson and others, culminated in the Earth Transformed by Human Action (1990), a major stocktaking of anthropogenic impacts on the planet and its ecosystems. Over the last 20 years Turner has led, or participated in, other research on the science and dynamics of global environmental change (e.g. Steffen et al., 2004).

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text: The , abbreviated to , is a university that has campuses in Kofu and Tamaho, Japan. The University of Yamanashi has its origin in “Kitenkan” which was founded in 1795 as a branch school of “Shoheizaka-School” of Tokugawa Government (later the University of Tokyo) and was developed to the Normal School of Yamanashi after the Meiji Restoration. In 1921 the Normal School of Yamanashi for Junior and in 1924 the Yamanashi High School of Engineering were established. After the World War II these three schools were integrated to the University of Yamanashi according to the new school system of Japan. In 1978 the Yamanashi Medical University was opened which was only a Medical University in Prefecture of Yamanashi. Today’s University of Yamanashi was founded in 2002 by a merger between (former) University of Yamanashi and Yamanashi Medical University. It is formally referred to as the National university corporation, University of Yamanashi. In 2012 the Faculty of Education and Human science and the Faculty of Engineering were reorganized and the Faculty of Life and Environmental Science was newly established. In 2016 the lifelong studies course in the Faculty of Education and Human science was abolished, and the faculty was renamed to the Faculty of Education.

text: The , abbreviated to , is a university that has campuses in

text: Kofu

text: and

text: Tamaho

text: Japan

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text: Notable scholars from the area today known as Uzbekistan include Imam Bukhari whose book, Sahih Bukhari is regarded by Sunni Muslims as the most authentic of all hadith compilations and the most authoritative book after the Qur'an. Other Muslim scholars from the region include Imam Tirmidhi and Abu Mansur Maturidi who was one of the pioneers of Islamic Jurisprudence scholars and his two works are considered to be authoritative on the subject. In Samarqand, the development of sciences in the Muslim world greatly prospered. The work of Ali Qushji (d. 1474), who worked at Samarqand and then Istanbul, is seen as a late example of innovation in Islamic theoretical astronomy and it is believed he may have possibly had some influence on Nicolaus Copernicus due to similar arguments concerning the Earth's rotation.  The astronomical tradition established by the Maragha school continued at the Ulugh Beg Observatory at Samarqand. Founded by Ulugh Beg in the early 15th century, the observatory made considerable progress in observational astronomy.

text: Notable scholars from the area today known as Uzbekistan include

text: Imam Bukhari

text: whose book,

text: Sahih Bukhari

text: is regarded by

text: Sunni

text: Muslims as the most

text: authentic

text: of all

text: hadith

text: compilations and the most authoritative book after the

text: Qur'an

text: . Other Muslim scholars from the region include

text: Imam Tirmidhi

text: and

text: Abu Mansur Maturidi

text: who was one of the pioneers of Islamic Jurisprudence scholars and his two works are considered to be authoritative on the subject. In

text: Samarqand

text: , the development of sciences in the Muslim world greatly prospered. The work of

text: Ali Qushji

text: (d. 1474), who worked at

text: Samarqand

text: and then

text: Istanbul

text: , is seen as a late example of innovation in Islamic theoretical astronomy and it is believed he may have possibly had some influence on

text: Nicolaus Copernicus

text: due to similar arguments concerning the

text: Earth's rotation

text: .  The astronomical tradition established by the

text: Maragha

text: school continued at the

text: Ulugh Beg Observatory

text: at

text: Samarqand

text: . Founded by

text: Ulugh Beg

text: in the early 15th century, the observatory made considerable progress in observational astronomy.

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text: Dr. Fassig's official meteorological service began on January 12, 1883, when he entered the Signal Corps of the United States War Department in Washington, D.C.  In May 1883, he was assigned to Fort Myer in Arlington County, Virginia for instruction, but returned to the Central Office for duty in January 1884.  In December 1885, he was sent to New Haven, Connecticut to work as an assistant and study electrical methods at Yale University.  In August 1887 he returned to the Central Office in Washington, D.C., where he worked as a bibliographer and librarian from June 1888 to February 1896.  In 1889, he published an extensive bibliography titled the “Bibliography of Meteorology – A classed catalogue of the printed literature of meteorology from the origin of printing to the close of 1881”.  He then served as an assistant in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and at Mount Weather, which is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia.  He was made chairman of the section on History and Bibliography of the International Meteorological Congress, Chicago in 1893.  His contacts with meteorologists from abroad led him to take a year's leave of absence to study in Germany, 1896-7, where he took special courses at the University of Berlin and became a member of the German Meteorological Society.  He was in charge of the Baltimore station from June 5, 1900 to July 14, 1905; May 31, 1907 to April 2, 1909, and August 10, 1912 to April 14, 1919.  While in Baltimore, he gave instruction in meteorology at the Johns Hopkins University and wrote "The Climate and Weather of Baltimore".  He was in charge of the station at San Juan, Puerto Rico, from April 2, 1909 to August 10, 1912, and April 14, 1919 to June 10, 1930, where he had general charge of the West Indian and Caribbean service.  On leaving San Juan he came once more to the Central Office, this time as Chief of the Climatological Division, which position he retained until his retirement on June 30, 1932.

text: Dr. Fassig's official meteorological service began on January 12, 1883, when he entered the

text: Signal Corps

text: of the

text: United States War Department

text: in

text: Washington, D.C.

text: In May 1883, he was assigned to

text: Fort Myer

text: in

text: Arlington County, Virginia

text: for instruction, but returned to the Central Office for duty in January 1884.  In December 1885, he was sent to

text: New Haven, Connecticut

text: to work as an assistant and study electrical methods at

text: Yale University

text: .  In August 1887 he returned to the Central Office in Washington, D.C., where he worked as a bibliographer and librarian from June 1888 to February 1896.  In 1889, he published an extensive bibliography titled the “Bibliography of Meteorology – A classed catalogue of the printed literature of meteorology from the origin of printing to the close of 1881”.  He then served as an assistant in

text: Philadelphia

text: Baltimore

text: , and at

entity_name: Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center

text: Mount Weather

text: , which is located in the

text: Blue Ridge Mountains

text: of

text: Virginia

text: .  He was made chairman of the section on History and Bibliography of the International Meteorological Congress,

text: Chicago

text: in 1893.  His contacts with meteorologists from abroad led him to take a year's leave of absence to study in Germany, 1896-7, where he took special courses at the University of Berlin and became a member of the German Meteorological Society.  He was in charge of the Baltimore station from June 5, 1900 to July 14, 1905; May 31, 1907 to April 2, 1909, and August 10, 1912 to April 14, 1919.  While in

text: Baltimore

text: , he gave instruction in meteorology at the Johns Hopkins University and wrote "The Climate and Weather of Baltimore".  He was in charge of the station at

text: San Juan, Puerto Rico

text: , from April 2, 1909 to August 10, 1912, and April 14, 1919 to June 10, 1930, where he had general charge of the West Indian and Caribbean service.  On leaving San Juan he came once more to the Central Office, this time as Chief of the Climatological Division, which position he retained until his retirement on June 30, 1932.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: Astronomy has traditionally relied on electromagnetic radiation. Astronomy originated with visible-light astronomy and what could be seen with the naked eye. As technology advanced, it became possible to observe other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to gamma rays. Each new frequency band gave a new perspective on the Universe and heralded new discoveries. Late in the 20th century, the detection of solar neutrinos founded the field of neutrino astronomy, giving an insight into previously invisible phenomena, such as the inner workings of the Sun. The observation of gravitational waves provides a further means of making astrophysical observations.

text: Astronomy

text: has traditionally relied on

text: electromagnetic radiation

text: . Astronomy originated with

text: visible-light astronomy

text: and what could be seen with the naked eye. As technology advanced, it became possible to observe other parts of the

text: electromagnetic spectrum

text: , from

text: radio

text: to

text: gamma rays

text: . Each new frequency band gave a new perspective on the Universe and heralded new discoveries. Late in the 20th century, the detection of

text: solar neutrino

text: s founded the field of

text: neutrino astronomy

text: , giving an insight into previously invisible phenomena, such as the inner workings of the

text: Sun

text: . The observation of

text: gravitational wave

text: s provides a further means of making astrophysical observations.

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text: James Vladimir Taranik (April 23, 1940 – June 21, 2011) was an American scientist and educator who worked in the area of earth-observation satellite remote sensing.  He was Chief of NASA's Non-Renewable Resources Branch and Program Scientist of the Space Shuttle's first scientific flights with cargo that included experiments related to geology, atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, marine biology, and plant physiology in the earth and life sciences. He also held various positions in the Nevada System of Higher Education, including the Desert Research Institute and the Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering.

text: James Vladimir Taranik (April 23, 1940 – June 21, 2011) was an American scientist and educator who worked in the area of earth-observation satellite

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text: s.  The globe, or the Earth viewed from space, with network arcs of data flow wrapped around it, is another dominant metaphor for the Internet in Western contexts and is connected with the metaphor of the Global Village.  Many abstract visual metaphors based on organic structures and patterns are found in literature on the Internet's infrastructure.  Often, these metaphors are used as a visual shorthand in explanations as they allow one to refer to the Internet as a definite object without having to explain the intricate details of its functioning. Clouds are the most common of abstract metaphors employed for this purpose in cloud computing and have been used since the creation of the Internet. Other abstract metaphors of the Internet draw on the fractal branching of trees and leaves, and the lattices of coral and webs, while others are based on the aesthetics of astronomy such as gas nebulas, and star clusters.

text: s.  The

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text: Global Village

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text: and have been used since the creation of the Internet. Other abstract metaphors of the Internet draw on the

text: fractal

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text: Macquarie University was ranked among the top 50 universities in the world for linguistics (43rd), psychology (48th) and earth and marine sciences (48th), and was ranked in the top 5 nationally for philosophy and earth and marine sciences, according to the 2014 QS World University Rankings.

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text: The basic science courses includes earth & environmental sciences, biology, chemistry, and physics. First year students tackle earth & environmental science, and Introduction to Physical Sciences (Physics & Chemistry). Biology, Chemistry and Physics is introduced during second year. Sophomores tackle the areas of botany, inorganic chemistry, and mechanics. Zoology, organic chemistry, and thermodynamics is studied by juniors. Seniors have human biology, analytical chemistry and electricity, electronics, electromagnetics, and vectors.

text: The basic science courses includes

text: earth

text: environmental science

text: s,

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text: . First year students tackle earth & environmental science, and Introduction to Physical Sciences (Physics & Chemistry). Biology, Chemistry and Physics is introduced during second year. Sophomores tackle the areas of

text: botany

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text: These schools existed until 1871, when the domains were abolished after the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The han schools were at first narrowly defined as schools of Confucian studies for the cultivation of the samurai elite, and attendance was both expected of and limited to the children of this class. Late in the period, however, children of other social classes were permitted to attend, and the curriculum was expanded from its core in the Confucian classics to include training in classical Japanese studies (kokugaku), medicine, and the various branches of Western learning, including mathematics, astronomy, military science, and ballistics. Students entered at age 7 or 8 and usually completed their courses of study between the ages of 15 and 20. By the 1860s there were about 255 han schools nationwide.

text: These schools existed until 1871, when the domains were abolished after the

text: Meiji Restoration

text: of 1868. The han schools were at first narrowly defined as schools of

text: Confucian

text: studies for the cultivation of the

text: samurai

text: elite, and attendance was both expected of and limited to the children of this class. Late in the period, however, children of other social classes were permitted to attend, and the curriculum was expanded from its core in the Confucian classics to include training in classical Japanese studies (

text: kokugaku

text: ), medicine, and the various branches of

text: Western learning

text: , including mathematics, astronomy, military science, and ballistics. Students entered at age 7 or 8 and usually completed their courses of study between the ages of 15 and 20. By the 1860s there were about 255 han schools nationwide.

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text: An Zhisheng was born on February 25, 1941, in Zhijiang County, Hunan, with his ancestral home in Liu'an, Anhui. His parents were both teachers. In 1952, he was accepted to the High School affiliated to Nanjing Normal University. After graduating from Nanjing University in 1966, he became a postgraduate at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (). From 1966 to 1984, he was an assistant researchist at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (). He was appointed a research associate at the Laboratory of Xi'an Loess and Quaternary Geology (), in 1985, becoming research scientist in 1989. In 1991, he was elected a fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1995, he was appointed director of the Laboratory of Xi'an Loess and Quaternary Geology and dean of the Xi'an Branch, Chinese Academy of sciences (Shanxi Provincial Academy of Sciences), serving until 2000. In 2000, he was elected a fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). He was director of the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences () in 1999, and held that office until 2002. On May 3, 2016, he was elected Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences.

text: An Zhisheng was born on February 25, 1941, in

text: Zhijiang County

text: Hunan

text: , with his

text: ancestral home

text: in

text: Liu'an

text: Anhui

text: . His parents were both teachers. In 1952, he was accepted to the High School affiliated to

text: Nanjing Normal University

text: . After graduating from

text: Nanjing University

text: in 1966, he became a postgraduate at the

text: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

text: (). From 1966 to 1984, he was an assistant researchist at the

text: Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences

text: (). He was appointed a research associate at the

text: Laboratory of Xi'an Loess and Quaternary Geology

text: (), in 1985, becoming research scientist in 1989. In 1991, he was elected a fellow of the

text: Chinese Academy of Sciences

text: . In 1995, he was appointed director of the Laboratory of Xi'an Loess and Quaternary Geology and dean of the Xi'an Branch, Chinese Academy of sciences (Shanxi Provincial Academy of Sciences), serving until 2000. In 2000, he was elected a fellow of

text: the World Academy of Sciences

text: (TWAS). He was director of the

text: Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

text: () in 1999, and held that office until 2002. On May 3, 2016, he was elected Foreign Associate of the

text: National Academy of Sciences

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text: While on Mir, the crew took part in experiments in the fields of medicine, geophysics, space technology, earth observation, astronomy and materials sciences.

text: While on Mir, the crew took part in experiments in the fields of medicine, geophysics, space technology, earth observation, astronomy and materials sciences.

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text: The University of Kirkuk included eight faculties/colleges when it was established in 2003. These were  Engineering, Medicine, Law, Management & Economics, Science, Education, Nursing, and Agriculture. These Faculties has changed much since its inception, represented by the achievements of the mixed ethnic/religious students, in the various disciplines as well as academic/research programs provided by the faculty. After the creation of three new Colleges/Faculties of Medicine, Engineering and Agriculture, the college of Education was established with its five Departments: Qur'anic Sciences, Geography, Physical Education, Kurdish language, and Turkish Language. The Faculty of Sciences was established with four Departments: Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Earth Sciences. In (2007-2008) the Faculty of Management and Economics was established to include the Departments of Business Administration and Statistics. Besides the development of the Faculty of Medicine with its nine disciplines/Branches: Microbiologist, Biochemistry, Surgery, Anatomy, Diseases, Internal Medicine, Physiology Medicine, Community Medicine. In the academic year (2008-2009), the Branch of Child Medicine was established. In the academic year (2009-2010), the Department of Mechanical Engineering was introduced to the College of Engineering. The UoK intends to exercise its best efforts to develop a cooperation program, establishing ties of friendship, promoting mutual academic/research collaboration, cultural and personnel/training exchanges, and working toward more specific and binding agreements.the university of kikruk is situated in the heart of Iraqs oil rich city of kirkuk. A city where the kurdish people are living, among with Arabs, Turks, assyrian and Turkmans.

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text: USRA initially concentrated on the management of LSI (later renamed the Lunar and Planetary Institute) but, armed with its broad charter, the consortium began to explore other ways to serve the university space research community as early as 1970. Today, USRA researchers are involved with university, government and industry scientists and engineers in a broad array of space and aeronautics related fields, including astronomy and astrophysics, earth sciences, microgravity, life sciences, space technology, computer science, and advanced concepts.

text: USRA initially concentrated on the management of LSI (later renamed the

text: Lunar and Planetary Institute

text: ) but, armed with its broad charter, the consortium began to explore other ways to serve the university space research community as early as 1970. Today, USRA researchers are involved with university, government and industry scientists and engineers in a broad array of

text: space

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text: related fields, including

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text: The Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tabriz (Persian: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تبریز) (also informally referred to as O.T.T)is one of the many campuses affiliated with the Islamic Azad University, and is located in Tabriz.The University has a student body of approximately 3000 including graduate students.The university was founded in 2007 and despite its very young age has gained an excellent reputation in science and research compared to the other branches of the Islamic Azad University and mid-class universities in Iran.

text: The Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tabriz (Persian: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تبریز) (also informally referred to as O.T.T)is one of the many campuses affiliated with the

text: Islamic Azad University

text: , and is located in

text: Tabriz

text: .The University has a student body of approximately 3000 including graduate students.The university was founded in 2007 and despite its very young age has gained an excellent reputation in science and research compared to the other branches of the Islamic Azad University and mid-class universities in

text: Iran

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text: The Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM) under the School for Environmental Sciences (SES) is running two-year full-time, M.Sc. Environmental Microbiology. It was started as M.Sc. Environmental Microbiology under Environmental Sciences from the session in 2007-2008. The department has been sanctioned as independent by UGC-2010 under School for Environmental Sciences. The department offers Ph.D. degree in Environmental Microbiology.

text: The Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM) under the School for Environmental Sciences (SES) is running two-year full-time, M.Sc. Environmental Microbiology. It was started as M.Sc. Environmental Microbiology under Environmental Sciences from the session in 2007-2008. The department has been sanctioned as independent by UGC-2010 under School for Environmental Sciences. The department offers Ph.D. degree in Environmental Microbiology.

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text: Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. It should not be confused with green chemistry, which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source. It can be defined as the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the air, soil, and water environments; and the effect of human activity and biological activity on these. Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that includes atmospheric, aquatic and soil chemistry, as well as heavily relying on analytical chemistry and being related to environmental and other areas of science.

text: Environmental chemistry is the

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text: A Bachelor of Environmental Science is an undergraduate bachelor's degree awarded for courses taken in the study of environmental science or related disciplines, such as sustainable resource development, environmental health, or ecological sustainability, and may also be known as a Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management degree in some schools.

text: A Bachelor of Environmental Science is an

text: undergraduate

text: bachelor's degree

text: awarded for courses taken in the study of

text: environmental science

text: or related disciplines, such as sustainable resource development,

text: environmental health

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text: , and may also be known as a Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management degree in some schools.

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text: The School and Observatory for Earth Sciences was created by decree in 1997 from the fusion of the Geology and Earth Physics institutes of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Strasbourg. Interests in Earth Physics arose around 1880 in Germany with the birth of seismology and meteorology. The origin of the Geology Institute is even older and is linked to the French development of the University during the first half of the 19th century.After the annexation of Alsace by Germany, the Imperial University pursued a policy of elitism, basing its excellence on fundamental research as practiced at the University of Wilhelm von Humboldt (early 19th century). The same model was used when the French Grandes Ecoles were built. Since 1920, the IPGS and the IPGP (Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris) conducted research and geophysical observations non-stop, without interruption during the War. Between 1939 and 1945, the IPGS was relocated in Clermont-Ferrand, were the Diplômes d'Ingénieurs were signed by Louis Cagnard, a famous French geophysicist.

text: The School and Observatory for Earth Sciences was created by decree in 1997 from the fusion of the Geology and Earth Physics institutes of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Strasbourg. Interests in Earth Physics arose around 1880 in Germany with the birth of seismology and

text: meteorology

text: . The origin of the Geology Institute is even older and is linked to the French development of the University during the first half of the 19th century.After the

text: annexation of Alsace by Germany

text: , the Imperial University pursued a policy of elitism, basing its excellence on fundamental research as practiced at the University of Wilhelm von Humboldt (early 19th century). The same model was used when the French Grandes Ecoles were built. Since 1920, the IPGS and the

text: IPGP

text: (Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris) conducted research and geophysical observations non-stop, without interruption during the

text: War

text: . Between 1939 and 1945, the IPGS was relocated in

text: Clermont-Ferrand

text: , were the Diplômes d'Ingénieurs were signed by Louis Cagnard, a famous French geophysicist.

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text: The period produced some influential English scholars. Roger Bacon, a philosopher and Franciscan friar, produced works on natural philosophy, astronomy and alchemy; his work set out the theoretical basis for future experimentation in the natural sciences. William of Ockham helped to fuse Latin, Greek and Islamic writing into a general theory of logic; "Ockham's Razor" was one of his oft-cited conclusions. English scholars since the time of Bede had believed the world was probably round, but Johannes de Sacrobosco estimated the circumference of the earth in the 13th century. Despite the limitations of medieval medicine, Gilbertus Anglicus published the Compendium Medicinae, one of the longest medical works ever written in Latin. Prominent historical and science texts began to be translated into English for the first time in the second half of the 14th century, including the Polychronicon and The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge were established during the 11th and 12th centuries, drawing on the model of the University of Paris.

text: The period produced some influential English scholars.

text: Roger Bacon

text: , a philosopher and Franciscan friar, produced works on

text: natural philosophy

text: astronomy

text: and

text: alchemy

text: ; his work set out the theoretical basis for future

text: experimentation

text: in the natural sciences.

text: William of Ockham

text: helped to fuse Latin, Greek and Islamic writing into a general theory of logic; "

text: Ockham's Razor

text: " was one of his oft-cited conclusions. English scholars since the time of Bede had believed the world was probably round, but

text: Johannes de Sacrobosco

text: estimated the circumference of the earth in the 13th century. Despite the limitations of

text: medieval medicine

text: Gilbertus Anglicus

text: published the Compendium Medicinae, one of the longest medical works ever written in Latin. Prominent historical and science texts began to be translated into English for the first time in the second half of the 14th century, including the

text: Polychronicon

text: and

text: The Travels of Sir John Mandeville

text: . The universities of Oxford and

text: Cambridge

text: were established during the 11th and 12th centuries, drawing on the model of the

text: University of Paris

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text: The Applied Sciences’ DEVELOP National Program addresses environmental and public policy issues through interdisciplinary research projects that apply NASA Earth observations to community concerns around the globe. DEVELOP bridges the gap between NASA Earth Science and society, building capacity in both its participants and partner organizations to better prepare them to handle the challenges that face our society and future generations.

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text: Islamic astronomy was developed on the basis of a spherical earth inherited from Hellenistic astronomy. The Islamic theoretical framework largely relied on the fundamental contributions of Aristotle (De caelo) and Ptolemy (Almagest), both of whom worked from the premise that the earth was spherical and at the centre of the universe (geocentric model).

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text: . The Islamic theoretical framework largely relied on the fundamental contributions of

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text: Environmental science is the study of the interactions within the biophysical environment. Part of this scientific discipline is the investigation of the effect of human activity on the environment. Ecology, a sub-discipline of biology and a part of environmental sciences, is often mistaken as a study of human induced effects on the environment. Environmental studies is a broader academic discipline that is the systematic study of interaction of humans with their environment. It is a broad field of study that includes the natural environment, built environments and social environments.

text: Environmental science is the study of the interactions within the biophysical environment. Part of this

text: scientific discipline

text: is the investigation of the

text: effect of human activity on the environment

text: Ecology

text: , a sub-discipline of biology and a part of environmental sciences, is often mistaken as a study of human induced effects on the environment.

text: Environmental studies

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text: academic discipline

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text: natural environment

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text: social environment

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text: Oscar Elton Sette (March 29, 1900 - July 25, 1972), who preferred to be called Elton Sette, was an influential 20th-century American fisheries scientist. During a five-decade career with the United States Bureau of Fisheries, United States Fish and Wildlife Service and its Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and the National Marine Fisheries Service, Sette pioneered the integration of fisheries science with the sciences of oceanography and meteorology to develop a complete understanding of the physical and biological characteristics of the ocean environment and the effects of those characteristics on fisheries and fluctuations in the abundance of fish. He is recognized both in the United States and internationally for many significant contributions he made to marine fisheries research and for his leadership in the maturation of fisheries science to encompass fisheries oceanography, defined as the "appraisal or exploitation of any kind of [marine] organism useful to Man"  and "the study of oceanic processes affecting the abundance and availability of commercial fishes." Many fisheries scientists consider him to be the "father of modern fisheries science."

text: Oscar Elton Sette (March 29, 1900 - July 25, 1972), who preferred to be called Elton Sette, was an influential 20th-century American

text: fisheries scientist

text: . During a five-decade career with the

text: United States Bureau of Fisheries

text: United States Fish and Wildlife Service

text: and its Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, and the

text: National Marine Fisheries Service

text: , Sette pioneered the integration of fisheries science with the sciences of

text: oceanography

text: and

text: meteorology

text: to develop a complete understanding of the physical and biological characteristics of the ocean environment and the effects of those characteristics on fisheries and fluctuations in the abundance of fish. He is recognized both in the

text: United States

text: and internationally for many significant contributions he made to marine fisheries research and for his leadership in the maturation of fisheries science to encompass fisheries oceanography, defined as the "appraisal or exploitation of any kind of [marine] organism useful to Man"  and "the study of oceanic processes affecting the abundance and availability of commercial fishes." Many fisheries scientists consider him to be the "father of modern fisheries science."

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text: The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy. Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration. Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.

text: The discovery by

text: Karl Jansky

text: in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of

text: radio astronomy

text: . Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration. Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for

text: infrared

text: ultraviolet

text: gamma-ray

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text: X-ray astronomy

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text: Qushji's most important astronomical work is Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy. Under the influence of Islamic theologians who opposed the interference of Aristotelianism in astronomy, Qushji rejected Aristotelian physics and completely separated natural philosophy from Islamic astronomy, allowing astronomy to become a purely empirical and mathematical science. This allowed him to explore alternatives to the Aristotelian notion of a stationary Earth, as he explored the idea of a moving Earth instead (though Savage-Smith asserts that no Islamic astronomers proposed a heliocentric universe). He found empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation through his observation on comets and concluded, on the basis of empirical evidence rather than speculative philosophy, that the moving Earth theory is just as likely to be true as the stationary Earth theory.

text: Qushji's most important astronomical work is Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy. Under the influence of

text: Islamic theologians

text: who opposed the interference of

text: Aristotelianism

text: in astronomy, Qushji rejected

text: Aristotelian physics

text: and completely separated

text: natural philosophy

text: from

text: Islamic astronomy

text: , allowing astronomy to become a purely

text: empirical

text: and mathematical science. This allowed him to explore alternatives to the Aristotelian notion of a stationary Earth, as he explored the idea of a moving Earth instead (though Savage-Smith asserts that no Islamic astronomers proposed a heliocentric universe). He found

text: empirical evidence

text: for the

text: Earth's rotation

text: through his observation on

text: comet

text: s and concluded, on the basis of empirical evidence rather than speculative philosophy, that the moving Earth theory is just as likely to be true as the stationary Earth theory.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: As of June 2010, the number of stations providing data involving temperature is on the order of 1500, and nearly 3000 stations contribute precipitation data. In contrast, the number of stations currently providing data for the other elements ranges from approximately 150 (wind direction) to 900 (snow depth). Data collection for the elements other than temperature and precipitation began later so the data availability is lower; however the number of stations contributing these data is rapidly increasing. In measuring these elements, nearly all countries follow the climatological practices guidelines outlined by the World Meteorological Organization. Element identification is given for all series including those provided by countries which do not follow these guidelines.

text: As of June 2010, the number of stations providing data involving temperature is on the order of 1500, and nearly 3000 stations contribute precipitation data. In contrast, the number of stations currently providing data for the other elements ranges from approximately 150 (wind direction) to 900 (snow depth). Data collection for the elements other than temperature and precipitation began later so the data availability is lower; however the number of stations contributing these data is rapidly increasing. In measuring these elements, nearly all countries follow the climatological practices guidelines outlined by the

text: World Meteorological Organization

text: . Element identification is given for all series including those provided by countries which do not follow these guidelines.

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text: An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over  deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. Though generally recognized as several 'separate' oceans, these waters comprise one global, interconnected body of salt water often referred to as the World Ocean or global ocean. This concept of a global ocean as a continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts is of fundamental importance to oceanography.

text: An ocean is a major body of

text: saline water

text: , and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) is covered by ocean, a

text: continuous body of water

text: that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over  deep. Average oceanic

text: salinity

text: is around 35

text: parts per thousand

text: (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. Though generally recognized as several 'separate' oceans, these waters comprise one global, interconnected body of salt water often referred to as the

text: World Ocean

text: or global ocean. This concept of a global ocean as a continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts is of fundamental importance to

text: oceanography

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answers: More than half of this area is over deep

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text: Astronomy has been a hot topic of debate and talks throughout the start of Human civilization. Since the starting of mankind, one can say Astronomy has born. With the humans need of understanding the nature of things around him, with the ever rotating earth and movement of stars, to the ptolemic system, Astronomy has been the earliest science among all. Even in India Astronomers like Aryabhata contributed greatly in Indian Astronomical context.

text: Astronomy

text: has been a hot topic of debate and talks throughout the start of Human civilization. Since the starting of mankind, one can say Astronomy has born. With the humans need of understanding the nature of things around him, with the ever rotating earth and movement of stars, to the ptolemic system, Astronomy has been the earliest science among all. Even in India Astronomers like

text: Aryabhata

text: contributed greatly in Indian Astronomical context.

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text: Environmental Research Letters is a quarterly, open-access, electronic-only, peer-reviewed, scientific journal covering research in all aspects of environmental science. It is produced by IOP Publishing. Numerical modelling or simulation, as well as theoretical and experimental approaches to environmental science form the core content. Approaches from a range of physical and natural sciences, economics, and political, sociological and legal studies are also present.

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text: |-| 26201 Sayonisaha ||  || Sayoni Saha (born 1994) is a finalist in the 2012 Intel Science Talent Search, a science competition for high-school seniors, for her behavioral and social-sciences project. |-id=205| 26205 Kuratowski ||  || Kazimierz Kuratowski, 20th-century Polish mathematician |-id=210| 26210 Lingas ||  || Lingas plateau, in the Parc national des Cévennes (Cévennes National Park), site of the Observatoire des Pises |-id=214| 26214 Kalinga ||  || UNESCO's Kalinga Prize (bearing the old name of the Indian state of Orissa) |-id=223| 26223 Enari ||  || 26223 Enari Discovered 1997 Dec. 3 by N. Sato at Chichibu. On 2001 Nov. 23, Akihiko Enari (b. 1980) became the first amateur radio operator (call sign JK1ZAM) in Japan to succeed in contacting the International Space Station in the course of the NASA program "Amateur Radio on the ISS".|-id=232| 26232 Antink ||  || 26232 Antink Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Suzanne Antink mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Palo Alto Senior High School, Palo Alto, California.|-id=233| 26233 Jimbraun ||  || 26233 Jimbraun Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Jim Braun mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Naperville Central High School, Naperville, Illinois.|-id=234| 26234 Leslibrinson ||  || 26234 Leslibrinson Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Leslie Brinson mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the North Carolina School of Science & Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina.|-id=235| 26235 Annemaduggan ||  || 26235 Annemaduggan Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Annemarie Duggan mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Shrewsbury High School, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts.|-id=238| 26238 Elduval ||  || 26238 Elduval Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Elizabeth Duval mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, Maryland.|-id=240| 26240 Leigheriks ||  || 26240 Leigheriks Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Leigh Eriks mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Catholic Central High School, Grand Rapids, Michigan.|-id=243| 26243 Sallyfenska ||  || 26243 Sallyfenska Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Sally Fenska mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Miami High School, Miami, Oklahoma.|-id=246| 26246 Mikelake ||  || 26246 Mikelake Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Lake mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Half Hollow Hills High School West, Dix Hills, New York.|-id=247| 26247 Doleonardi ||  || 26247 Doleonardi Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Donna Leonardi mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.|-id=248| 26248 Longenecker ||  || 26248 Longenecker Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Nevin Longenecker mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the John Adams High School, South Bend, Indiana.|-id=250| 26250 Shaneludwig ||  || 26250 Shaneludwig Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shane Ludwig mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Woodcrest Christian School, Riverside, California.|-id=251| 26251 Kiranmanne ||  || 26251 Kiranmanne Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Kiran Manne mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Albuquerque Academy, Albuquerque, New Mexico.|-id=255| 26255 Carmarques ||  || 26255 Carmarques Discovered 1998 Aug. 24 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Carlos Marques mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the State University of New York College of Technology at Farmingdale.|-id=259| 26259 Marzigliano ||  || 26259 Marzigliano Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gerard Marzigliano mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Division Avenue High School, Levittown, New York.|-id=264| 26264 McIntyre ||  || 26264 McIntyre Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Nancy McIntyre mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Chaminade College Preparatory, West Hills, California.|-id=266| 26266 Andrewmerrill ||  || 26266 Amdrewmerrill Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Andrew Merrill mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Catlin Gabel School, Portland, Oregon.|-id=267| 26267 Nickmorgan ||  || 26267 Nickmorgan Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Nicholas Morgan mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Staples High School, Westport, Connecticut.|-id=268| 26268 Nardi ||  || 26268 Nardi Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Patricia Nardi mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the George W. Hewlett High School, Hewlett, New York.|-id=269| 26269 Marciaprill ||  || 26269 Marciaprill Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Marcia Prill mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Madison High School, Madison, New Jersey.|-id=271| 26271 Lindapuster ||  || 26271 Lindapuster Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Linda Puster mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Plano West Senior High School, Plano, Texas.|-id=273| 26273 Kateschafer ||  || 26273 Kateschafer Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Katherine Schafer mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Harker School, San Jose, California.|-id=275| 26275 Jefsoulier ||  || Jean Frančois Soulier (b. 1966), a specialized educator and dedicated comet observer. |-id=276| 26276 Natrees ||  || Nathaniel Paul Rees, grandson of the discoverer |-id=277| 26277 Ianrees ||  || Ian Hudson Rees, grandson of the discoverer |-id=291| 26291 Terristaples ||  || 26291 Terristaples Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Terri Staples mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Red River High School, Grand Forks, North Dakota.|-id=293| 26293 Van Muyden ||  || 26293 Van Muyden Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. David Van Muyden mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Davis Senior High School, Davis, California.|-id=295| 26295 Vilardi ||  || 26295 Vilardi Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Virginia Vilardi mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Wetumpka High School, Wetumpka, Alabama.|-id=298| 26298 Dunweathers ||  || 26298 Dunweathers Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Duncan Weathers mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Texas Academy of Mathematics & Science, Denton, Texas.|-id=300| 26300 Herbweiss ||  || 26300 Herbweiss Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Herb Weiss mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the South Side High School, Rockville Centre, New York.|}

text: 26201 Sayonisaha

text: ||  || Sayoni Saha (born 1994) is a finalist in the 2012 Intel Science Talent Search, a science competition for high-school seniors, for her behavioral and social-sciences project. |-id=205|

text: 26205 Kuratowski

text: Kazimierz Kuratowski

text: , 20th-century Polish mathematician |-id=210|

text: 26210 Lingas

text: Lingas plateau

text: , in the

text: Parc national des Cévennes

text: (Cévennes National Park), site of the

text: Observatoire des Pises

text: 26214 Kalinga

text: ||  || UNESCO's

text: Kalinga Prize

text: (bearing the old name of the Indian state of Orissa) |-id=223|

text: 26223 Enari

text: ||  || 26223 Enari Discovered 1997 Dec. 3 by N. Sato at Chichibu. On 2001 Nov. 23, Akihiko Enari (b. 1980) became the first amateur radio operator (call sign JK1ZAM) in Japan to succeed in contacting the International Space Station in the course of the NASA program "Amateur Radio on the ISS".|-id=232|

text: 26232 Antink

text: ||  || 26232 Antink Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Suzanne Antink mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Palo Alto Senior High School, Palo Alto, California.|-id=233|

text: 26233 Jimbraun

text: ||  || 26233 Jimbraun Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Jim Braun mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Naperville Central High School, Naperville, Illinois.|-id=234|

text: 26234 Leslibrinson

text: ||  || 26234 Leslibrinson Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Leslie Brinson mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the North Carolina School of Science & Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina.|-id=235|

text: 26235 Annemaduggan

text: ||  || 26235 Annemaduggan Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Annemarie Duggan mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Shrewsbury High School, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts.|-id=238|

text: 26238 Elduval

text: ||  || 26238 Elduval Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Elizabeth Duval mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, Maryland.|-id=240|

text: 26240 Leigheriks

text: ||  || 26240 Leigheriks Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Leigh Eriks mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Catholic Central High School, Grand Rapids, Michigan.|-id=243|

text: 26243 Sallyfenska

text: ||  || 26243 Sallyfenska Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Sally Fenska mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Miami High School, Miami, Oklahoma.|-id=246|

text: 26246 Mikelake

text: ||  || 26246 Mikelake Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Michael Lake mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Half Hollow Hills High School West, Dix Hills, New York.|-id=247|

text: 26247 Doleonardi

text: ||  || 26247 Doleonardi Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Donna Leonardi mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Academy for Medical Science Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey.|-id=248|

text: 26248 Longenecker

text: ||  || 26248 Longenecker Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Nevin Longenecker mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the John Adams High School, South Bend, Indiana.|-id=250|

text: 26250 Shaneludwig

text: ||  || 26250 Shaneludwig Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Shane Ludwig mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Woodcrest Christian School, Riverside, California.|-id=251|

text: 26251 Kiranmanne

text: ||  || 26251 Kiranmanne Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Kiran Manne mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Albuquerque Academy, Albuquerque, New Mexico.|-id=255|

text: 26255 Carmarques

text: ||  || 26255 Carmarques Discovered 1998 Aug. 24 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Carlos Marques mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the State University of New York College of Technology at Farmingdale.|-id=259|

text: 26259 Marzigliano

text: ||  || 26259 Marzigliano Discovered 1998 Aug. 17 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gerard Marzigliano mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Division Avenue High School, Levittown, New York.|-id=264|

text: 26264 McIntyre

text: ||  || 26264 McIntyre Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Nancy McIntyre mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Chaminade College Preparatory, West Hills, California.|-id=266|

text: 26266 Andrewmerrill

text: ||  || 26266 Amdrewmerrill Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Andrew Merrill mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Catlin Gabel School, Portland, Oregon.|-id=267|

text: 26267 Nickmorgan

text: ||  || 26267 Nickmorgan Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Nicholas Morgan mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Staples High School, Westport, Connecticut.|-id=268|

text: 26268 Nardi

text: ||  || 26268 Nardi Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Patricia Nardi mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the George W. Hewlett High School, Hewlett, New York.|-id=269|

text: 26269 Marciaprill

text: ||  || 26269 Marciaprill Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Marcia Prill mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Madison High School, Madison, New Jersey.|-id=271|

text: 26271 Lindapuster

text: ||  || 26271 Lindapuster Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Linda Puster mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Plano West Senior High School, Plano, Texas.|-id=273|

text: 26273 Kateschafer

text: ||  || 26273 Kateschafer Discovered 1998 Sept. 14 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Katherine Schafer mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Harker School, San Jose, California.|-id=275|

text: 26275 Jefsoulier

text: ||  || Jean Frančois Soulier (b. 1966), a specialized educator and dedicated comet observer. |-id=276|

text: 26276 Natrees

text: ||  || Nathaniel Paul Rees, grandson of the discoverer |-id=277|

text: 26277 Ianrees

text: ||  || Ian Hudson Rees, grandson of the discoverer |-id=291|

text: 26291 Terristaples

text: ||  || 26291 Terristaples Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Terri Staples mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Red River High School, Grand Forks, North Dakota.|-id=293|

text: 26293 Van Muyden

text: ||  || 26293 Van Muyden Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. David Van Muyden mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Davis Senior High School, Davis, California.|-id=295|

text: 26295 Vilardi

text: ||  || 26295 Vilardi Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Virginia Vilardi mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Wetumpka High School, Wetumpka, Alabama.|-id=298|

text: 26298 Dunweathers

text: ||  || 26298 Dunweathers Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Duncan Weathers mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Texas Academy of Mathematics & Science, Denton, Texas.|-id=300|

text: 26300 Herbweiss

text: ||  || 26300 Herbweiss Discovered 1998 Sept. 26 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Herb Weiss mentored a finalist in the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the South Side High School, Rockville Centre, New York.|}

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answers: || || 26234 Leslibrinson

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by 'gentleman astronomers' rather than professionals).  It became the Royal Astronomical Society in 1831 on receiving its Royal Charter from William IV.  A Supplemental Charter in 1915 opened up the fellowship to women.  It is the UK adhering organisation to the International Astronomical Union and a member of the Science Council, and encourages and promotes the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science. Meetings are held in Burlington House, in Piccadilly, London and across the United Kingdom (UK). They are involved in the production of astronomical journals and periodicals. The society has over 3000 members, around a third of whom live outside the UK. In addition, those members of the public who have an interest in astronomy and geophysics and wish to support the work of the society may become Friends of the RAS.

text: The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a

text: learned society

text: that began as the Astronomical Society of

text: London

text: in 1820 to support

text: astronomical

text: research (mainly carried on at the time by '

text: gentleman astronomers

text: ' rather than professionals).  It became the Royal Astronomical Society in 1831 on receiving its

text: Royal Charter

text: from

text: William IV

text: .  A Supplemental Charter in 1915 opened up the fellowship to women.  It is the UK adhering organisation to the

text: International Astronomical Union

text: and a member of the

text: Science Council

text: , and encourages and promotes the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science. Meetings are held in

text: Burlington House

text: , in

text: Piccadilly

text: London

text: and across the

text: United Kingdom

text: (UK). They are involved in the production of astronomical journals and periodicals. The society has over 3000 members, around a third of whom live outside the UK. In addition, those members of the public who have an interest in astronomy and geophysics and wish to support the work of the society may become Friends of the RAS.

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answers: around a third of whom live outside the UK

text: The university has six science departments namely Industries and Earth Sciences, Computer Science, Environmental and Herbal Science, Siddha Medicine, Ancient Sciences and Architecture.

text: The university has six science departments namely Industries and Earth Sciences, Computer Science, Environmental and Herbal Science, Siddha Medicine, Ancient Sciences and Architecture.

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answers: Environmental and Herbal Science

text: Earth system science can be studied at a postgraduate level at some universities, with notable programs at such institutions as the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz. In general education, the American Geophysical Union, in cooperation with the Keck Geology Consortium and with support from five divisions within the National Science Foundation, convened a workshop in 1996, "to define common educational goals among all disciplines in the Earth sciences". In its report, participants noted that, "The fields that make up the Earth and space sciences are currently undergoing a major advancement that promotes understanding the Earth as a number of interrelated systems". Recognizing the rise of this systems approach, the workshop report recommended that an Earth system science curriculum be developed with support from the National Science Foundation. In 2000, the Earth System Science Education Alliance was begun, and currently includes the participation of 40+ institutions, with over 3,000 teachers having completed an ESSEA course as of fall 2009".

text: Earth system science can be studied at a postgraduate level at some universities, with notable programs at such institutions as the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz. In general education, the

text: American Geophysical Union

text: , in cooperation with the

text: Keck Geology Consortium

text: and with support from five divisions within the

text: National Science Foundation

text: , convened a workshop in 1996, "to define common educational goals among all disciplines in the Earth sciences". In its report, participants noted that, "The fields that make up the Earth and space sciences are currently undergoing a major advancement that promotes understanding the Earth as a number of interrelated systems". Recognizing the rise of this

text: systems approach

text: , the workshop report recommended that an Earth system science curriculum be developed with support from the National Science Foundation. In 2000, the Earth System Science Education Alliance was begun, and currently includes the participation of 40+ institutions, with over 3,000 teachers having completed an ESSEA course as of fall 2009".

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answers: Earth system science

text: Environmental science is an interdisciplinary field. It draws upon the disciplines of biology, chemistry, earth sciences, ecology, geography, mathematics, and physics.

text: Environmental science

text: is an interdisciplinary field. It draws upon the disciplines of biology, chemistry,

text: earth sciences

text: , ecology, geography, mathematics, and physics.

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text: Abbott received her B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Earth and Planetary Sciences) in 1974; her M.S. from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (Marine Geology) in 1978; and her Ph.D. from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Marine Geology with a Geophysics minor) in 1982.

text: Abbott received her B.S. from the

text: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: Earth

text: and

text: Planetary Sciences

text: ) in 1974; her M.S. from the

text: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

text: of

text: Columbia University

text: Marine Geology

text: ) in 1978; and her Ph.D. from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Marine Geology with a

text: Geophysics

text: minor) in 1982.

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text: Astronomy (from the Greek ἀστρονομία from ἄστρον astron, "star" and -νομία -nomia from νόμος nomos, "law" or "culture") means "law of the stars" (or "culture of the stars" depending on the translation). Astronomy should not be confused with astrology, the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects. Although the two fields share a common origin, they are now entirely distinct.

text: Astronomy (from the

text: Greek

text: ἀστρονομία

text: from

text: ἄστρον

text: astron, "star" and -νομία

text: -nomia

text: from

text: νόμος

text: nomos, "law" or "culture") means "law of the stars" (or "culture of the stars" depending on the translation). Astronomy should not be confused with

text: astrology

text: , the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects. Although the

text: two fields

text: share a common origin, they are now entirely distinct.

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text: The Stanford School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, which changed its name from  the School of Earth Sciences in February 2015, is one of three schools at Stanford awarding both graduate and undergraduate degrees. Stanford's first faculty member was a professor of geology; as such it is considered the oldest academic foundation of Stanford University. It is composed of four departments and two interdisciplinary programs. Research and teaching span a wide range of disciplines.

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text: Stanford

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text: ; as such it is considered the oldest academic foundation of Stanford University. It is composed of four departments and two interdisciplinary programs. Research and teaching span a wide range of disciplines.

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text: Craig Idso's current research focus is on carbon sequestration, but he remains actively involved in several other aspects of global and environmental change, including climatology and meteorology, along with their impacts on agriculture.  Idso has published scientific articles on issues related to data quality, the growing season, the seasonal cycle of atmospheric , world food supplies, coral reefs, and urban  concentrations, the latter of which he investigated via a National Science Foundation grant as a faculty researcher in the Office of Climatology at Arizona State University.  In addition, he has lectured in Meteorology at Arizona State University, and in Physical Geography at Mesa Community College and Chandler-Gilbert Community College.

text: Craig Idso's current research focus is on

text: carbon sequestration

text: , but he remains actively involved in several other aspects of global and environmental change, including climatology and meteorology, along with their impacts on agriculture.  Idso has published scientific articles on issues related to data quality, the growing season, the seasonal cycle of atmospheric

text: , world food supplies, coral reefs, and urban  concentrations, the latter of which he investigated via a National Science Foundation grant as a faculty researcher in the Office of Climatology at Arizona State University.  In addition, he has lectured in Meteorology at Arizona State University, and in Physical Geography at

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answers: carbon sequestration

text: In the eighteenth century, as geology consolidated as a modern science, James Hutton maintained that geological and biological processes are interlinked. Later, the naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt recognized the coevolution of living organisms, climate, and Earth's crust. In the twentieth century, Vladimir Vernadsky formulated a theory of Earth's development that is now one of the foundations of ecology. The Ukrainian  geochemist was one of the first scientists to recognize that the oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere result from biological processes. During the 1920s he published works arguing that living organisms could reshape the planet as surely as any physical force. Vernadsky was a pioneer of the scientific bases for the environmental sciences. His visionary pronouncements were not widely accepted in the West, and some decades later the Gaia hypothesis received the same type of initial resistance from the scientific community.

text: In the eighteenth century, as

text: geology

text: consolidated as a modern science,

text: James Hutton

text: maintained that geological and biological processes are interlinked. Later, the

text: naturalist

text: and explorer

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text: recognized the coevolution of living organisms, climate, and Earth's crust. In the twentieth century,

text: Vladimir Vernadsky

text: formulated a theory of Earth's development that is now one of the foundations of ecology. The Ukrainian

text: geochemist

text: was one of the first scientists to recognize that the oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere result from biological processes. During the 1920s he published works arguing that living organisms could reshape the planet as surely as any physical force. Vernadsky was a pioneer of the scientific bases for the environmental sciences. His visionary pronouncements were not widely accepted in the West, and some decades later the Gaia hypothesis received the same type of initial resistance from the scientific community.

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text: Glaciology is an interdisciplinary earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, as in "astroglaciology".

text: Glaciology is an interdisciplinary

text: earth science

text: that integrates

text: geophysics

text: geology

text: physical geography

text: geomorphology

text: climatology

text: meteorology

text: hydrology

text: biology

text: , and

text: ecology

text: . The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of

text: human geography

text: and

text: anthropology

text: . The discoveries of water ice on the

text: Moon

text: Mars

text: Europa

text: and

text: Pluto

text: add an extraterrestrial component to the field, as in "astroglaciology".

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text: Major areas of coverage by GeoRef include: •Areal geology•Economic geology•Engineering geology•Environmental geology•Extraterrestrial geology•Geochemistry•Geochronology•Geophysics•Hydrogeology and hydrology•Marine geology and oceanography•Mathematical geology•Mineralogy and Crystallography•Paleontology•Petrology•Seismology•Stratigraphy•Structural geology•Surficial geology

text: Major areas of coverage by GeoRef include: •

text: Areal geology

text: Economic geology

text: Engineering geology

text: Environmental geology

text: Extraterrestrial geology

text: Geochemistry

text: Geochronology

text: Geophysics

text: Hydrogeology

text: and

text: hydrology

text: Marine geology

text: and

text: oceanography

text: Mathematical geology

text: Mineralogy

text: and

text: Crystallography

text: Paleontology

text: Petrology

text: Seismology

text: Stratigraphy

text: Structural geology

text: Surficial geology

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text: The schools have teams for the content areas of English, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies.  The English team has an approved reading list each season focusing on selected plays, novels, short stories, nonfiction, and poetry as well as specific terminology.  The Math team focuses on studies from Algebra I, Algebra II, Geometry, and Trigonometry.  The science team focuses on the studies of physical science, earth science, biology, and chemistry.  The social studies questions involve treaties, US Supreme Court cases, legislation, geography, and history.  In addition to the content area specific teams, there is an All-Around team which focuses on information regarding art and architecture, performing arts (dance, theater, music), philosophy, religion, world literature (including mythology), math (including the history of math), science (physical science, earth science, biology, chemistry, psychology), and social studies (US history and world history, sociology, anthropology.Schools generally compete twice per week on Monday and Thursday with four schools hosting the competitions and four schools traveling to the school against which they are competing.  For 2008, the order of competition is social studies, all around, English, math, science.

text: The schools have teams for the content areas of

text: English

text: Mathematics

text: Science

text: Social Studies

text: .  The English team has an approved reading list each season focusing on selected

text: plays

text: novels

text: short stories

text: nonfiction

text: , and

text: poetry

text: as well as specific

text: terminology

text: .  The Math team focuses on studies from

text: Algebra I

text: Algebra II

text: Geometry

text: , and

text: Trigonometry

text: .  The science team focuses on the studies of

text: physical science

text: earth science

text: biology

text: , and

text: chemistry

text: .  The social studies questions involve

text: treaties

text: US Supreme Court

text: cases,

text: legislation

text: geography

text: , and

text: history

text: .  In addition to the content area specific teams, there is an All-Around team which focuses on information regarding

text: art

text: and

text: architecture

text: , performing arts (

text: dance

text: theater

text: music

text: philosophy

text: religion

text: , world

text: literature

text: (including

text: mythology

text: ), math (including the history of math), science (

text: physical science

text: earth science

text: biology

text: chemistry

text: psychology

text: ), and social studies (

text: US history

text: and

text: world history

text: sociology

text: anthropology

text: .Schools generally compete twice per week on Monday and Thursday with four schools hosting the competitions and four schools traveling to the school against which they are competing.  For 2008, the order of competition is social studies, all around, English, math, science.

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text: H. N. Siddiquie was born on 20 July 1934 to M. A. Siddiquie, a civil surgeon and his homemaker wife, Ahemedi Begum as the eldest of their 6 sons and two daughters in Bijnor in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. His early education was at the Government Higher Secondary School, Adilabad and after matriculation in 1949, he completed his intermediate studies at Osmania University in 1951. Thereafter he joined Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) from where he completed his graduate degree in science in 1954. It was during this period, his father died but he continued his studies at AMU to obtain a master's degree in geology in 1956 and pursued his doctoral studies at the university but his doctoral degree came years later when the university awarded him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy while he was serving National Institute of Oceanography. His career started at Geological Survey of India (GSI) in 1956 at their Ground Water Exploration Division and Research Laboratories. He served GSI for over 17 years during which period he served as a senior geologist during 1966–73 and had a training stint at Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow. When the Government of India established National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in 1973, he moved to the institute's Goa headquarters as a Grade-E scientist and the head of the Geological Oceanography Division. He served NIO in different capacities such as Grade-F Scientist and deputy director before becoming the director of the institute in 1985.

text: H. N. Siddiquie was born on 20 July 1934 to M. A. Siddiquie, a civil surgeon and his homemaker wife, Ahemedi Begum as the eldest of their 6 sons and two daughters in

text: Bijnor

text: in the Indian state of

text: Uttar Pradesh

text: . His early education was at the Government Higher Secondary School,

text: Adilabad

text: and after matriculation in 1949, he completed his intermediate studies at

text: Osmania University

text: in 1951. Thereafter he joined

text: Aligarh Muslim University

text: (AMU) from where he completed his graduate degree in science in 1954. It was during this period, his father died but he continued his studies at AMU to obtain a master's degree in geology in 1956 and pursued his doctoral studies at the university but his doctoral degree came years later when the university awarded him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy while he was serving

entity_name: National Institute of Oceanography, India

text: National Institute of Oceanography

text: . His career started at

text: Geological Survey of India

text: (GSI) in 1956 at their Ground Water Exploration Division and Research Laboratories. He served GSI for over 17 years during which period he served as a senior geologist during 1966–73 and had a training stint at

text: Shirshov Institute of Oceanology

text: , Moscow. When the Government of India established National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in 1973, he moved to the institute's Goa headquarters as a Grade-E scientist and the head of the Geological Oceanography Division. He served NIO in different capacities such as Grade-F Scientist and deputy director before becoming the director of the institute in 1985.

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text: The urban environment has two atmosphere layers, besides the planetary boundary layer outside and extending well above the city: (1) The urban boundary layer is due to the spatially integrated heat and moisture exchanges between the city and its overlying air. (2) The surface of the city corresponds to the level of the urban canopy layer. Fluxes across this plane comprise those from individual units, such as roofs, canyon tops, trees, lawns, and roads, integrated over larger land-use divisions (for example, suburbs). The urban heat island effect has been a major focus of urban climatological studies, and in general the effect the urban environment has on local meteorological conditions.

text: The urban environment has two atmosphere layers, besides the planetary boundary layer outside and extending well above the city: (1) The urban boundary layer is due to the spatially integrated heat and moisture exchanges between the city and its overlying air. (2) The surface of the city corresponds to the level of the urban

text: canopy layer

text: . Fluxes across this plane comprise those from individual units, such as roofs, canyon tops, trees, lawns, and roads, integrated over larger land-use divisions (for example,

text: suburb

text: s). The

text: urban heat island effect

text: has been a major focus of urban climatological studies, and in general the effect the urban environment has on local

text: meteorological

text: conditions.

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text: Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates. Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change. Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline.

text: Geology gives insight into the

text: history of the Earth

text: by providing the primary evidence for

text: plate tectonics

text: , the

text: evolutionary history of life

text: , and

text: past climates

text: . Geology is important for

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text: water resources

text: , understanding of

text: natural hazard

text: s, the remediation of

text: environmental

text: problems, and for providing insights into past

text: climate change

text: . Geology also plays a role in

text: geotechnical engineering

text: and is a major

text: academic discipline

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answers: hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation

text: Students follow a traditional liberal arts curriculum, including four years each of English, Foreign Language (either French, German, Latin, Mandarin Chinese, or Spanish), Mathematics, Religion, Science (Earth Science or Oceanography, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics), and Social Studies, as well as one year each of Art, Music Appreciation, and Health. In senior year, students take an additional (advanced) year of either Art or Music Appreciation. Chaminade is known for its rigorous academic program, and average SAT scores are consistently well above the national average.  Historically, 100% of Chaminade graduates are accepted into college, and each year over 99% of them chose to attend college. In 2014, all 399 graduates were accepted into college; the class of 2014 was awarded 1,390 scholarships, with 284 students being awarded one or more scholarship.

text: Students follow a traditional

text: liberal arts

text: curriculum, including four years each of English, Foreign Language (either French, German, Latin, Mandarin Chinese, or Spanish), Mathematics, Religion, Science (Earth Science or Oceanography, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics), and Social Studies, as well as one year each of Art, Music Appreciation, and Health. In senior year, students take an additional (advanced) year of either Art or Music Appreciation. Chaminade is known for its rigorous academic program, and average

text: SAT

text: scores are consistently well above the national average.  Historically, 100% of Chaminade graduates are accepted into college, and each year over 99% of them chose to attend college. In 2014, all 399 graduates were accepted into college; the class of 2014 was awarded 1,390 scholarships, with 284 students being awarded one or more scholarship.

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text: Earth Science, Physical Science, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Forensic Science, Anatomy & Physiology, Marine Biology, AP Biology, AP Chemistry, AP Environmental Science, AP Physics

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text: All major areas of Earth Sciences, including geology, geophysics, meteorology, oceanography, astronomy, and environmental science, are considered for selecting topics for the competition. In 2014, the tests were integrated for the first time.

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text: The Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (Course XII) was formed from the 1983 merger of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and the Department of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, the former tracing its origins back to the first geology courses taught at MIT in 1865.

text: The Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (Course XII) was formed from the 1983 merger of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and the Department of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, the former tracing its origins back to the first geology courses taught at MIT in 1865.

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answers: the former tracing its origins back to the first geology courses taught at MIT in 1865

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text: The distinction between the quantitative exact sciences and those sciences which deal with the causes of things is due to Aristotle, who distinguished mathematics from natural philosophy and considered the exact sciences to be the "more natural of the branches of mathematics."  Thomas Aquinas employed this distinction when he pointed out that astronomy explains the spherical shape of the Earth by mathematical reasoning while physics explains it by material causes.  This distinction was widely, but not universally, accepted until the Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century.  Edward Grant has proposed that a fundamental change leading to the new sciences was the unification of the exact sciences and physics by Kepler, Newton, and others, which resulted in a quantitative investigation of the physical causes of natural phenomena.

text: The distinction between the quantitative exact sciences and those sciences which deal with the causes of things is due to Aristotle, who distinguished mathematics from natural philosophy and considered the exact sciences to be the "more natural of the branches of mathematics."

text: Thomas Aquinas

text: employed this distinction when he pointed out that astronomy explains the

text: spherical shape of the Earth

text: by mathematical reasoning while physics explains it by

text: material cause

text: s.  This distinction was widely, but not universally, accepted until the

text: Scientific Revolution

text: of the Seventeenth Century.

text: Edward Grant

text: has proposed that a fundamental change leading to the new sciences was the unification of the exact sciences and physics by

text: Kepler

text: Newton

text: , and others, which resulted in a quantitative investigation of the physical causes of natural phenomena.

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text: The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology. In planetary science, the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the solid parts of planets and moons. The term incorporates aspects of geophysics, geochemistry, mineralogy, geodesy, and cartography. A neologism, areology, from the Greek word Arēs (Mars), sometimes appears as a synonym for Mars's geology in the popular media and works of science fiction (e.g. Kim Stanley Robinson’s Mars trilogy), but the term is rarely, if ever, used by professional geologists and planetary scientists.

text: The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet

text: Mars

text: . It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial

text: geology

text: . In

text: planetary science

text: , the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the solid parts of planets and moons. The term incorporates aspects of

text: geophysics

text: geochemistry

text: mineralogy

text: geodesy

text: , and

text: cartography

text: . A

text: neologism

text: , areology, from the Greek word Arēs (Mars), sometimes appears as a synonym for Mars's geology in the popular media and works of science fiction (e.g.

text: Kim Stanley Robinson’s

text: Mars trilogy

text: ), but the term is rarely, if ever, used by professional geologists and planetary scientists.

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text: History of Earth science – history of the all-embracing  sciences related to the planet Earth. Earth science, and all of its branches, are branches of physical science.

text: History of Earth science

text: – history of the all-embracing  sciences related to the planet Earth. Earth science, and all of its branches, are branches of physical science.

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text: Al-Warraq challenged the notion of revealed religion. He argued that if humans are capable of figuring out that, for instance, it is good to be forgiving, then a prophet is unnecessary, and that we should not heed the claims of self-appointed prophets, if what is claimed is found to be contrary to good sense and reason. Al-Warraq admired the intellect not for its capacity to submit to a god, but rather for its inquisitiveness towards the wonders of science. He explained that people developed the science of astronomy by gazing at the sky, and that no prophet was necessary to show them how to gaze; he also said that no prophets were needed to show them how to make flutes, either, or how to play them.

text: Al-Warraq challenged the notion of revealed religion. He argued that if humans are capable of figuring out that, for instance, it is good to be forgiving, then a prophet is unnecessary, and that we should not heed the claims of self-appointed prophets, if what is claimed is found to be contrary to good sense and reason. Al-Warraq admired the intellect not for its capacity to submit to a god, but rather for its inquisitiveness towards the wonders of science. He explained that people developed the science of astronomy by gazing at the sky, and that no prophet was necessary to show them how to gaze; he also said that no prophets were needed to show them how to make flutes, either, or how to play them.

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text: The journal covers all aspects of the Earth sciences, including theoretical research, modelling, and field work. Significant related work in other fields, such as  atmospheric sciences, geology, geophysics, climatology, oceanography, palaeontology, and space science, is also published.

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text: The U.S. Antarctic Program, funded by the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs, supports only that research that can be done exclusively in Antarctica or that can be done best from Antarctica. The scientific disciplines encompassed by the USAP are astronomy, atmospheric sciences, biology, earth science, environmental science, geology, glaciology, marine biology, oceanography, and geophysics. Currently, the USAP maintains three year-round research stations in Antarctica, the McMurdo Station, the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, and the Palmer Station. In addition, the USAP operates several summer research camps and several research vessels that sail in the Antarctic waters.

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text: Three Credits of Science are needed to graduate. Integrated Science I (formerly known as Earth Sciences), Biology, Chemistry, Anatomy & Physiology, Physics, Environmental Science, Integrated Science I & II.Some courses are also available in AP version.

text: Three Credits of Science are needed to graduate. Integrated Science I (formerly known as Earth Sciences),

text: Biology

text: Chemistry

text: Anatomy & Physiology

text: Physics

text: Environmental Science

text: Integrated Science I & II

text: .Some courses are also available in AP version.

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answers: Integrated Science I

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answers: Environmental Science

text: Environmental science is a global issue, receiving more attention now than ever before and is going to increase in importance in the future. This course gives the opportunity to focus on Climate Change, Waste Management, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Science as well.

text: Environmental science is a global issue, receiving more attention now than ever before and is going to increase in importance in the future. This course gives the opportunity to focus on Climate Change, Waste Management, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Science as well.

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answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: Landscape Ecology

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answers: ocean

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: Climate Change

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: Ecology

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answers: Ecology

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: Science

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answers: Environmental Science

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: Environmental Science

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: Science

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: Environmental Science

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: Landscape Ecology

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: Rock layers below Earths surface

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answers: Oceanography

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: The deepest parts of the ocean

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: rivers and lakes

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: Oceans have had relatively little impact on humans.

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: Ecology

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answers: Meteorologists study weather

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answers: Climate Change

text: |-id=402| 25402 Angelanorse ||  || Angela Norse mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Highland Park Middle School, Beaverton, Oregon.|-id=403| 25403 Carlapiazza ||  || Carla Piazza mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy, Saginaw, Michigan.|-id=404| 25404 Shansample ||  || Shannon Sample mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Iva E. Wells Middle School, Seneca, Missouri.|-id=405| 25405 Jeffwidder ||  || Jeff Widder mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. He teaches at the Whitefish Bay Middle School, Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin.|-id=406| 25406 Debwysocki ||  || Deborah Wysocki mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Lenape Middle School, Doylestown, Pennsylvania.|-id=410| 25410 Abejar ||  || Patrick Jeffrey Abejar (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his earth and planetary science project. He attends the Smithtown High School West, Smithtown, New York.|-id=412| 25412 Arbesfeld ||  || Noah Maxwell Arbesfeld (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his mathematics project. He attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.|-id=413| 25413 Dorischen ||  || Doris Chen (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her medicine and health project. She attends the Tenafly High School, Tenafly, New Jersey.|-id=414| 25414 Cherkassky ||  || Michael Sheng Cherkassky (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his computer science project. He attends the Edina High School, Edina, Minnesota.|-id=415| 25415 Jocelyn ||  || Jocelyn Chuang (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent earch (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, New York.|-id=416| 25416 Chyanwen ||  || Wen Chyan (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his chemistry project. He attends the Texas Academy of Mathematics & Science, Denton, Texas.|-id=417| 25417 Coquillette ||  || Elizabeth Charlotte Coquillette (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her engineering project. She attends the Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, Ohio.|-id=418| 25418 Deshmukh ||  || Aniruddha Sandeep Deshmukh (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his botany project. He attends the Bellarmine College Preparatory School, San Jose, California.|-id=421| 25421 Gafaran ||  || Gabriela Aylin Faran (b. 1990) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her earth and planetary science project. She attends the West High School, Madison, Wisconsin.|-id=422| 25422 Abigreene ||  || Abigail Sara Greene (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the John Jay High School, Cross River, New York.|-id=424| 25424 Gunasekaran ||  || Suvai Gunasekaran (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her materials science project. She attends the James Madison Memorial High School, Madison, Wisconsin.|-id=425| 25425 Chelsealynn ||  || Chelsea Lynn Jurman (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Roslyn High School, Roslyn Heights, New York.|-id=426| 25426 Alexanderkim ||  || Alexander Mee-Woong Kim (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his zoology project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science nce and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia.|-id=427| 25427 Kratchmarov ||  || Radomir Kratchmarov (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his microbiology project. He attends the Livingston High School, Livingston, New Jersey.|-id=428| 25428 Lakhanpal ||  || Nitish Lakhanpal (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his bioinformatics and genomics project. He attends the University High School, Irvine, California.|-id=430| 25430 Ericlarson ||  || Eric Kerner Larson (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his mathematics project. He attends the South Eugene High School, Eugene, Oregon.|-id=432| 25432 Josepherli ||  || Josepher Li (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his biochemistry project. He attends the Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, New York.|-id=434| 25434 Westonia ||  || Elizabeth Jane Weston (1581–1612), known as "Westonia", was an English-Czech poet, known mostly for her Neo-Latin poetry. Her Parthenicon was published in 1608. She is considered the first female Czech poet. |-id=455| 25455 Anissamak ||  || Anissa Yuenming Mak (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her mathematics project. She attends the Stuyvesant High School, New York, New York.|-id=456| 25456 Caitlinmann ||  || Caitlin Maureen Mann (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her engineering project. She attends the Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, Ohio.|-id=457| 25457 Mariannamao ||  || Marianna Yuling Mao (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her physics project. She attends the Mission San Jose High School, Fremont, California.|-id=462| 25462 Haydenmetsky ||  || Hayden Craig Metsky (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his computer science project. He attends the Millburn High School, Millburn, New Jersey.|-id=464| 25464 Maxrabinovich ||  || Maxim Rabinovich (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his mathematics project. He attends the Shorecrest Preparatory School, St. Petersburg, Florida.|-id=465| 25465 Rajagopalan ||  || Aditya Rajagopalan (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his biochemistry project. He attends the Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, Connecticut.|-id=468| 25468 Ramakrishna ||  || Smitha Ramakrishna (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her environmental science project. She attends the Corona del Sol High School, Tempe, Arizona.|-id=469| 25469 Ransohoff ||  || Julia Dory Ransohoff (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her medicine and health project. She attends the Menlo-Atherton High School, Atherton, California.|-id=472| 25472 Joanoro ||  || Joan Oro, Spanish (Catalonian)-American biologist and public science advocate |-id=475| 25475 Lizrao ||  || Elizabeth Jie Rao (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her medicine and health project. She attends the Lincoln Park High School, Chicago, Illinois.|-id=476| 25476 Sealfon ||  || Adam Benjamin Sealfon (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his computer science project. He attends the Stuyvesant High School, New York, New York.|-id=477| 25477 Preyashah ||  || Preya Shah (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her chemistry project. She attends the Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, New York.|-id=478| 25478 Shrock ||  || Christine Lee Shrock (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her bioinformatics and genomics project. She attends the Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, New York.|-id=479| 25479 Ericshyu ||  || Eric Shyu (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his chemistry project. He attends the Illinois Mathematics & Science Academy, Aurora, Illinois.|-id=481| 25481 Willjaysun ||  || William Jayang Sun (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his biochemistry project. He attends the Parkway Central High School, Chesterfield, Missouri.|-id=482| 25482 Tallapragada ||  || Narendra Pundarik Tallapragada (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his physics project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia.|-id=483| 25483 Trusheim ||  || Stephen Walter Trusheim (b. 1990) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his bioinformatics and genomics project. He attends the Breck School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.|-id=486| 25486 Michaelwham ||  || Michael Tyler Wham (b. 1990) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his zoology project. He attends the Sterling Ridge Home School, Woodlands, Texas.|-id=488| 25488 Figueiredo ||  || Joanne Figueiredo mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Smithtown High School West, Smithtown, New York.|-id=490| 25490 Kevinkelly ||  || Kevin Kelly mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.|-id=491| 25491 Meador ||  || Granger Meador mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Bartlesville High School, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.|-id=492| 25492 Firnberg ||  || Anat Firnberg mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Tenafly High School, Tenafly, New Jersey.|-id=495| 25495 Michaelroddy ||  || Michael Roddy mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Edina High School, Edina, Minnesota.|-id=497| 25497 Brauerman ||  || Susan Brauerman mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, New York.|}

text: 25402 Angelanorse

text: ||  || Angela Norse mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Highland Park Middle School, Beaverton, Oregon.|-id=403|

text: 25403 Carlapiazza

text: ||  || Carla Piazza mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy, Saginaw, Michigan.|-id=404|

text: 25404 Shansample

text: ||  || Shannon Sample mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Iva E. Wells Middle School, Seneca, Missouri.|-id=405|

text: 25405 Jeffwidder

text: ||  || Jeff Widder mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. He teaches at the Whitefish Bay Middle School, Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin.|-id=406|

text: 25406 Debwysocki

text: ||  || Deborah Wysocki mentored a finalist in the 2008 Society for Science and the Public middle school science competition. She teaches at the Lenape Middle School, Doylestown, Pennsylvania.|-id=410|

text: 25410 Abejar

text: ||  || Patrick Jeffrey Abejar (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his earth and planetary science project. He attends the Smithtown High School West, Smithtown, New York.|-id=412|

text: 25412 Arbesfeld

text: ||  || Noah Maxwell Arbesfeld (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his mathematics project. He attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.|-id=413|

text: 25413 Dorischen

text: ||  || Doris Chen (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her medicine and health project. She attends the Tenafly High School, Tenafly, New Jersey.|-id=414|

text: 25414 Cherkassky

text: ||  || Michael Sheng Cherkassky (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his computer science project. He attends the Edina High School, Edina, Minnesota.|-id=415|

text: 25415 Jocelyn

text: ||  || Jocelyn Chuang (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent earch (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, New York.|-id=416|

text: 25416 Chyanwen

text: ||  || Wen Chyan (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his chemistry project. He attends the Texas Academy of Mathematics & Science, Denton, Texas.|-id=417|

text: 25417 Coquillette

text: ||  || Elizabeth Charlotte Coquillette (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her engineering project. She attends the Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, Ohio.|-id=418|

text: 25418 Deshmukh

text: ||  || Aniruddha Sandeep Deshmukh (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his botany project. He attends the Bellarmine College Preparatory School, San Jose, California.|-id=421|

text: 25421 Gafaran

text: ||  || Gabriela Aylin Faran (b. 1990) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her earth and planetary science project. She attends the West High School, Madison, Wisconsin.|-id=422|

text: 25422 Abigreene

text: ||  || Abigail Sara Greene (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the John Jay High School, Cross River, New York.|-id=424|

text: 25424 Gunasekaran

text: ||  || Suvai Gunasekaran (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her materials science project. She attends the James Madison Memorial High School, Madison, Wisconsin.|-id=425|

text: 25425 Chelsealynn

text: ||  || Chelsea Lynn Jurman (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her behavioral and social sciences project. She attends the Roslyn High School, Roslyn Heights, New York.|-id=426|

text: 25426 Alexanderkim

text: ||  || Alexander Mee-Woong Kim (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his zoology project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science nce and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia.|-id=427|

text: 25427 Kratchmarov

text: ||  || Radomir Kratchmarov (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his microbiology project. He attends the Livingston High School, Livingston, New Jersey.|-id=428|

text: 25428 Lakhanpal

text: ||  || Nitish Lakhanpal (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his bioinformatics and genomics project. He attends the University High School, Irvine, California.|-id=430|

text: 25430 Ericlarson

text: ||  || Eric Kerner Larson (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his mathematics project. He attends the South Eugene High School, Eugene, Oregon.|-id=432|

text: 25432 Josepherli

text: ||  || Josepher Li (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his biochemistry project. He attends the Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, New York.|-id=434|

text: 25434 Westonia

text: Elizabeth Jane Weston

text: (1581–1612), known as "Westonia", was an English-Czech poet, known mostly for her Neo-Latin poetry. Her Parthenicon was published in 1608. She is considered the first female Czech poet. |-id=455|

text: 25455 Anissamak

text: ||  || Anissa Yuenming Mak (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her mathematics project. She attends the Stuyvesant High School, New York, New York.|-id=456|

text: 25456 Caitlinmann

text: ||  || Caitlin Maureen Mann (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her engineering project. She attends the Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, Ohio.|-id=457|

text: 25457 Mariannamao

text: ||  || Marianna Yuling Mao (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her physics project. She attends the Mission San Jose High School, Fremont, California.|-id=462|

text: 25462 Haydenmetsky

text: ||  || Hayden Craig Metsky (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his computer science project. He attends the Millburn High School, Millburn, New Jersey.|-id=464|

text: 25464 Maxrabinovich

text: ||  || Maxim Rabinovich (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his mathematics project. He attends the Shorecrest Preparatory School, St. Petersburg, Florida.|-id=465|

text: 25465 Rajagopalan

text: ||  || Aditya Rajagopalan (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his biochemistry project. He attends the Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, Connecticut.|-id=468|

text: 25468 Ramakrishna

text: ||  || Smitha Ramakrishna (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her environmental science project. She attends the Corona del Sol High School, Tempe, Arizona.|-id=469|

text: 25469 Ransohoff

text: ||  || Julia Dory Ransohoff (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her medicine and health project. She attends the Menlo-Atherton High School, Atherton, California.|-id=472|

text: 25472 Joanoro

text: ||  || Joan Oro, Spanish (Catalonian)-American biologist and public science advocate |-id=475|

text: 25475 Lizrao

text: ||  || Elizabeth Jie Rao (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her medicine and health project. She attends the Lincoln Park High School, Chicago, Illinois.|-id=476|

text: 25476 Sealfon

text: ||  || Adam Benjamin Sealfon (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his computer science project. He attends the Stuyvesant High School, New York, New York.|-id=477|

text: 25477 Preyashah

text: ||  || Preya Shah (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her chemistry project. She attends the Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, New York.|-id=478|

text: 25478 Shrock

text: ||  || Christine Lee Shrock (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her bioinformatics and genomics project. She attends the Ward Melville High School, East Setauket, New York.|-id=479|

text: 25479 Ericshyu

text: ||  || Eric Shyu (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his chemistry project. He attends the Illinois Mathematics & Science Academy, Aurora, Illinois.|-id=481|

text: 25481 Willjaysun

text: ||  || William Jayang Sun (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his biochemistry project. He attends the Parkway Central High School, Chesterfield, Missouri.|-id=482|

text: 25482 Tallapragada

text: ||  || Narendra Pundarik Tallapragada (b. 1991) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his physics project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia.|-id=483|

text: 25483 Trusheim

text: ||  || Stephen Walter Trusheim (b. 1990) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his bioinformatics and genomics project. He attends the Breck School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.|-id=486|

text: 25486 Michaelwham

text: ||  || Michael Tyler Wham (b. 1990) is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his zoology project. He attends the Sterling Ridge Home School, Woodlands, Texas.|-id=488|

text: 25488 Figueiredo

text: ||  || Joanne Figueiredo mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Smithtown High School West, Smithtown, New York.|-id=490|

text: 25490 Kevinkelly

text: ||  || Kevin Kelly mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.|-id=491|

text: 25491 Meador

text: ||  || Granger Meador mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Bartlesville High School, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.|-id=492|

text: 25492 Firnberg

text: ||  || Anat Firnberg mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Tenafly High School, Tenafly, New Jersey.|-id=495|

text: 25495 Michaelroddy

text: ||  || Michael Roddy mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. He teaches at the Edina High School, Edina, Minnesota.|-id=497|

text: 25497 Brauerman

text: ||  || Susan Brauerman mentored a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She teaches at the Bronx High School of Science, Bronx, New York.|}

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/c11a9951609583c5c13c2cb3c9824e2e

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/65dac5d951a2cb0416ca63d69ca7ff03

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/2c30d90abe26583d57564c563c238902

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/de237b182c82f8a9e1520f967d4bd8bc

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/48ff89f8d4cbaaeb0965a4140fbc79ef

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/a2056095bc5ee082bf5af7daa7389f24

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/b663ccdc07c0c181a0b7da0fc6d52a46

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/be535acbd73ebf6d75d4925789474203

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/148cdc811c2786434bbcae8e527735be

answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/bbf1c9ab18d16e9a7d48dfa677a103a3

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/f4266779365412ea759c953619ff2910

answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ba3e3879bcce243449c4ecce32451f5a

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ff17bdd81271f7ba1fcfc527df3efb70

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ce68ff55d0bcc20d3adeee9e32bfc093

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/a3a9b9311dd6893079355c710767b807

answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/8b0781085226360cdd1c37c1dc349dd5

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/20933c8b03dd35b743744df8da37d571

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/b376fc55dc01b0e95038e9004c1372c7

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answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/ef40df92e4a31116d18996b4a99dcd85

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answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/e3b1be2b69959981816c0552663642e9

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/1130968d8e0cdd48c5d56a73b1c62cbc

answers: 1: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/d5a4c0facd8a4d3bfde3de95f3e1c669

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/ec60b833db594d7e29393b8aa8f30d89

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/56dbab449165782890268dd66102ed29

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/833d0112df19b65b25029b997558f8c7

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/d68fda0711f2a3025be5fe9e1f658626

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/1a625546891aa8261a61b26b8f83471b

answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/3391fccecf0d6ada69f1379769b10e2d

answers: 1: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/c1f8938cd04cc157f92ceaf326418d3b

answers: 1: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

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answers: Earth science is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the planet Earth.

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answers: || Noah Maxwell Arbesfeld is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS) for his mathematics project. He attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.

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answers: Arbesfeld

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answers: onlyinclude>/onlyinclude> /onlyinclude>

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answers: Physicist Doris Dorischen is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors. She attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.

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answers: Physicist Doris Chen is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her mathematics project. She attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.

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answers: Physicists at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of California, San Diego, are collaborating on a new study of the oceans. The study, which will be published in the journal Science Advances, aims to better understand how the oceans form and function, the Los Angeles Times reports. The study, which will be published in the journal Science Advances, aims to better understand how the oceans form and function.

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answers: Physicist Doris Chen is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for her mathematics project.

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answers: Friedrich Dorischen is a high school senior who won the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his mathematics project. He attends the Lexington High School, Lexington, Massachusetts.

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answers: onlyinclude>/onlyinclude> /onlyinclude>

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answers: Physicist Doris Chen is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search.

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answers: || Patrick Jeffrey Abejar is a finalist in the 2009 Intel Science Talent Search (STS), a science competition for high school seniors, for his earth and planetary science project. He attends the Smithtown High School West, Smithtown, New York.

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answers: || Dorischen is a geologist who specializes in soil.

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answers: || || Dor

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answers: The deepest part of the ocean is around 2,000 miles deep.

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answers: Dorischen is a German word meaning "river" in German.

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answers: Dor: Humans have had relatively little impact on the oceans.

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answers: Dor: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: Data from Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (Indonesian: Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi Geofisika) shows that 11 days before the disaster the area was hit by heavy rain, around 50% from its annual rainfall. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences later explained that the ground on the area were soaked by the rain, caused the ground to moved. The area was also a steep area causing the place itself "a perfect place for a disaster to be occurred".

text: Data from

entity_name: Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics

text: Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics

text: (Indonesian: Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi Geofisika) shows that 11 days before the disaster the area was hit by heavy rain, around 50% from its annual rainfall. The

text: Indonesian Institute of Sciences

text: later explained that the ground on the area were soaked by the rain, caused the ground to moved. The area was also a

text: steep area

text: causing the place itself "a perfect place for a disaster to be occurred".

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answers: Humans have had relatively little impact on the oceans

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answers: Meteorologists study meteors

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: Schmid College is organized into two schools: The School of Computational Sciences and The School of Earth and Environmental Sciences.

text: Schmid College is organized into two schools: The School of Computational Sciences and The School of Earth and Environmental Sciences.

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text: Since its opening in September 2003 and thus spanning the years in between, SCIL has become an established institution with six branches, namely the Boys branch (up to GCE O Levels), the Girls branch (up to GCE A Levels), the Elementary branch (up to Grade III) and the Junior branch (Up to Kindergarten). Five branches are currently located in Gulberg, Lahore while a purpose-built campus on an area of 30 kanals has been established in Defence (Barki Road). All branches are equipped with well-maintained facilities such as computer and science laboratories and libraries, in addition to offering optional Hifz classes and a wide range of extra-curricular activities, all overseen by our conscientious faculty members.

text: Since its opening in September 2003 and thus spanning the years in between, SCIL has become an established institution with six branches, namely the Boys branch (up to GCE O Levels), the Girls branch (up to GCE A Levels), the Elementary branch (up to Grade III) and the Junior branch (Up to Kindergarten). Five branches are currently located in Gulberg, Lahore while a purpose-built campus on an area of 30 kanals has been established in Defence (Barki Road). All branches are equipped with well-maintained facilities such as computer and science laboratories and libraries, in addition to offering optional Hifz classes and a wide range of extra-curricular activities, all overseen by our conscientious faculty members.

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text: Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Sampada (FORV Sagar Sampada) is an Indian research vessel that is equipped to carry out multidisciplinary research in oceanography, marine biology and fishery science. The vessel is currently managed and operated by the Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology (CMLRE), Kochi, a research institute under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, and is operated from Kochi. FORV Sagar Sampada is a platform for interdisciplinary expeditions in and around the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, with participation from various institutions, from India and abroad.

text: Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Sampada (FORV Sagar Sampada) is an Indian research vessel that is equipped to carry out multidisciplinary research in

text: oceanography

text: marine biology

text: and

text: fishery science

text: . The vessel is currently managed and operated by the

entity_name: Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology

text: Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology

text: (CMLRE), Kochi, a

text: research institute

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text: Ministry of Earth Sciences

text: , Government of India, and is operated from

text: Kochi

text: . FORV Sagar Sampada is a platform for interdisciplinary expeditions in and around the Indian

text: Exclusive Economic Zone

text: , with participation from various institutions, from India and abroad.

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text: Marine resources conservation is a response to biological issues such as extinction and marine habitats change. Marine conservation is the study of conserving physical and biological marine resources and ecosystem functions. This is a relatively new discipline. Marine conservationists rely on a combination of scientific principles derived from marine biology, oceanography, and fisheries science, as well as on human factors such as demand for marine resources and marine law, economics and policy in order to determine how to best protect and conserve marine species and ecosystems. Marine resources conservation can be seen as sub-discipline of conservation biology.

text: Marine resources conservation is a response to biological issues such as

text: extinction

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text: marine habitats

text: change. Marine conservation is the study of conserving physical and biological marine resources and ecosystem functions. This is a relatively new discipline. Marine conservationists rely on a combination of scientific principles derived from

text: marine biology

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text: , and

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text: , as well as on human factors such as demand for marine resources and marine

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text: , economics and policy in order to determine how to best protect and conserve marine species and ecosystems. Marine resources conservation can be seen as sub-discipline of

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text: There is a historical context in Gail Ashley's study and as well, being a female makes it more challenging to succeed overtime. Nevertheless, she rises to the occasion despite all obstacles. Author Glenn Dolphin in his book, had argued on Drawing the Lines of Controversy, that the dynamics of developing science of geology years ago certainly helped in giving context to its history and prior to any systematic investigation of the surface of the earth and the processes that affect it, common knowledge through Europe was Biblically inspired. The earth had been created for humans, and humans had been there since the beginning and the earth was static and unchanging. People, for ages had been finding fossils, but not considering them remnants of prior living organisms, until Steno has his experience connecting the teeth of the great white shark with the tongue stones he and others had found in the mountains around Tuscany and elsewhere. This leads Steno to believe that the surface of the earth had changed and he set about developing the principles all which rely on the idea that the surface of the earth has changed since its formation; that the earth has a history I do suggest, that Gail Ashley is part of this dynamics of developing science. e.g. According to Geoscience world, Gail's study represents the first dated terrestrial record at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary with sufficient resolution to link lake cycles (a climate proxy) to astronomic forcing and the geochronometry of the sequence was determined using the paleomagnetic record (top of subchron CN2, 1.785 Ma), the ages of two tuffs (Tuff IB and Tuff IF), and sedimentation rates. Insolation (W/m2) variations calculated as a function of eccentricity and precession predict five cycles of varying insolation (±10%) between 2.0 and 1.5 Ma. Rainfall would have increased by one-third between dry and wet portions of each ∼21,000 k.y. cycle. The wet-dry climate pendulum may have been a factor in the natural selection processes of hominin evolution and the first wave of hominin migrations out of Africa (1.8 Ma)

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text: Environmental science – an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.

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text: – an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.

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text: In addition to the main Hartley Library, there are other libraries based at the university's other campuses primarily focused on the subjects studied at that location. As one of the smaller libraries and given its proximity to the Highfield campus, the Avenue Library only houses a collection of key Humanities resources. It does however also hold an extensive film library, many of an international nature. On a larger scale, the libraries at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Winchester School of Art are more complete and house the majority of the resources and specialist collections on oceanography and earth sciences, healthcare and art and design respectively. The Malaysia campus holds a small collection of reference books but the majority of the resources needed for courses at the campus are available online. Separate from the Hartley Library is the E. J. Richards Engineering Library, which contains further materials for more in-depth study and is freely accessible to Engineering students and staff.

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answers: It does however also hold an extensive film library

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text: Coverage encompasses planets, natural satellites, interplanetary dust, interstellar medium, lunar samples, meteors, meteorites, asteroids, comets, craters, and tektites and comes from multiple disciplines, such as astronomy, astrophysics, physics, geophysics, chemistry, isotope geochemistry, mineralogy, Earth science, geology, or biology

text: Coverage encompasses

text: planet

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text: natural satellite

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text: meteorite

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text: s and comes from multiple disciplines, such as

text: astronomy

text: astrophysics

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text: geophysics

text: chemistry

text: , isotope

text: geochemistry

text: mineralogy

text: Earth science

text: geology

text: , or

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answers: NDQ_000051

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: 0

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answers: 0

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answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: 0

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answers: 5

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answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000064

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answers: NDQ_000067

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answers: NDQ_000068

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answers: NDQ_000069

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000046

answers: planets

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: craters

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: meteors meteorites asteroids comets

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000055

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: astronomy

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: Earth science, geology

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: Earth science, geology

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: Earth science, geology

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: Earth science

text: |-id=402| 28402 Matthewkim ||  || Matthew Jaebol Kim (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management project. |-id=407| 28407 Meghanarao ||  || Meghana Vijay Rao (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management project. |-id=411| 28411 Xiuqicao ||  || Xiuqi Cao (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=415| 28415 Yingxiong ||  || Ying Xiong (born 1995) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=416| 28416 Ngqin ||  || Ng Qin Xiang (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=417| 28417 Leewei ||  || Lee Liang Matthew Wei (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=418| 28418 Pornwasu ||  || Pornwasu Pongtheerawan (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=419| 28419 Tanpitcha ||  || Tanpitcha Phongchaipaiboon (born 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. |-id=425| 28425 Sungkanit ||  || Arada Sungkanit (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. |-id=426| 28426 Sangani ||  || Kunal Ashok Sangani (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=427| 28427 Gidwani ||  || Mishka Gidwani (born 1993) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. |-id=428| 28428 Ankurvaishnav ||  || Ankur Kanjibhai Vaishnav (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=433| 28433 Samarquez ||  || Samantha Marie Marquez (born 1995) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials and bioengineering project. |-id=438| 28438 Venkateswaran ||  || Shyam Venkateswaran (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. |-id=439| 28439 Miguelreyes ||  || Miguel Arnold Silverio Reyes (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. |-id=442| 28442 Nicholashuey ||  || Nicholas Michael Huey (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. |-id=443| 28443 Crisara ||  || Alexander Raymond Crisara (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering team project. |-id=444| 28444 Alexrabii ||  || Alexander Jahan Rabii (born 1996) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering team project. |-id=446| 28446 Davlantes ||  || Christopher Joseph Davlantes (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=447| 28447 Arjunmathur ||  || Arjun Mathur (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=449| 28449 Ericlau ||  || Eric Lau (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=450| 28450 Saravolz ||  || Sara Ellen Volz (born 1995) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy and transportation project. |-id=451| 28451 Tylerhoward ||  || Tyler Trettel Howard (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=452| 28452 Natkondamuri ||  || Nathan Sai Kondamuri (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=453| 28453 Alexcecil ||  || Alexander Michael Cecil (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences project. |-id=457| 28457 Chloeanassis ||  || Chloe Anassis (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences project. |-id=460| 28460 Ariannepapa ||  || Arianne Elizabeth Papa (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=465| 28465 Janesmyth ||  || Jane Elizabeth Smyth (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=467| 28467 Maurentejamie ||  || Ruth Maurente Jamie (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=468| 28468 Shichangxu ||  || Shi Changxu, material-scientist-academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. |-id=474| 28474 Bustamante ||  || Elisa Bustamante (born 1990) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=479| 28479 Varlotta ||  || David Varlotta (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences team project. |-id=480| 28480 Seojinyoung ||  || Seo Jinyoung (born 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences team project. |-id=481| 28481 Shindongju ||  || Shin Dongju (born 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences team project. |-id=482| 28482 Bauerle ||  || Matthew Russel Bauerle (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=483| 28483 Allenyuan ||  || Allen Yuan (born 1993) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=484| 28484 Aishwarya ||  || Aishwarya Ananda Vardhana (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her mathematical sciences project. |-id=485| 28485 Dastidar ||  || Manosij G. Dastidar (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=488| 28488 Gautam ||  || Simanta Gautam (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=492| 28492 Marik ||  || Miklós Marik, Hungarian astronomer †|-id=493| 28493 Duncan-Lewis ||  || Christopher Anthony Duncan-Lewis (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health sciences project. |-id=494| 28494 Jasmine ||  || Jasmine Samaiya Roberts (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health sciences project. |}

text: 28402 Matthewkim

text: ||  || Matthew Jaebol Kim (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management project. |-id=407|

text: 28407 Meghanarao

text: ||  || Meghana Vijay Rao (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management project. |-id=411|

text: 28411 Xiuqicao

text: ||  || Xiuqi Cao (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=415|

text: 28415 Yingxiong

text: ||  || Ying Xiong (born 1995) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=416|

text: 28416 Ngqin

text: ||  || Ng Qin Xiang (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=417|

text: 28417 Leewei

text: ||  || Lee Liang Matthew Wei (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=418|

text: 28418 Pornwasu

text: ||  || Pornwasu Pongtheerawan (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=419|

text: 28419 Tanpitcha

text: ||  || Tanpitcha Phongchaipaiboon (born 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. |-id=425|

text: 28425 Sungkanit

text: ||  || Arada Sungkanit (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. |-id=426|

text: 28426 Sangani

text: ||  || Kunal Ashok Sangani (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=427|

text: 28427 Gidwani

text: ||  || Mishka Gidwani (born 1993) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project. |-id=428|

text: 28428 Ankurvaishnav

text: ||  || Ankur Kanjibhai Vaishnav (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project. |-id=433|

text: 28433 Samarquez

text: ||  || Samantha Marie Marquez (born 1995) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her materials and bioengineering project. |-id=438|

text: 28438 Venkateswaran

text: ||  || Shyam Venkateswaran (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. |-id=439|

text: 28439 Miguelreyes

text: ||  || Miguel Arnold Silverio Reyes (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. |-id=442|

text: 28442 Nicholashuey

text: ||  || Nicholas Michael Huey (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering project. |-id=443|

text: 28443 Crisara

text: ||  || Alexander Raymond Crisara (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering team project. |-id=444|

text: 28444 Alexrabii

text: ||  || Alexander Jahan Rabii (born 1996) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his materials and bioengineering team project. |-id=446|

text: 28446 Davlantes

text: ||  || Christopher Joseph Davlantes (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=447|

text: 28447 Arjunmathur

text: ||  || Arjun Mathur (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=449|

text: 28449 Ericlau

text: ||  || Eric Lau (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=450|

text: 28450 Saravolz

text: ||  || Sara Ellen Volz (born 1995) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her energy and transportation project. |-id=451|

text: 28451 Tylerhoward

text: ||  || Tyler Trettel Howard (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=452|

text: 28452 Natkondamuri

text: ||  || Nathan Sai Kondamuri (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his energy and transportation project. |-id=453|

text: 28453 Alexcecil

text: ||  || Alexander Michael Cecil (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences project. |-id=457|

text: 28457 Chloeanassis

text: ||  || Chloe Anassis (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences project. |-id=460|

text: 28460 Ariannepapa

text: ||  || Arianne Elizabeth Papa (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=465|

text: 28465 Janesmyth

text: ||  || Jane Elizabeth Smyth (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=467|

text: 28467 Maurentejamie

text: ||  || Ruth Maurente Jamie (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=468|

text: 28468 Shichangxu

text: Shi Changxu

text: , material-scientist-academician of the

text: Chinese Academy of Sciences

text: and the

text: Chinese Academy of Engineering

text: . |-id=474|

text: 28474 Bustamante

text: ||  || Elisa Bustamante (born 1990) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental sciences team project. |-id=479|

text: 28479 Varlotta

text: ||  || David Varlotta (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences team project. |-id=480|

text: 28480 Seojinyoung

text: ||  || Seo Jinyoung (born 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences team project. |-id=481|

text: 28481 Shindongju

text: ||  || Shin Dongju (born 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental sciences team project. |-id=482|

text: 28482 Bauerle

text: ||  || Matthew Russel Bauerle (born 1994) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=483|

text: 28483 Allenyuan

text: ||  || Allen Yuan (born 1993) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=484|

text: 28484 Aishwarya

text: ||  || Aishwarya Ananda Vardhana (born 1994) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her mathematical sciences project. |-id=485|

text: 28485 Dastidar

text: ||  || Manosij G. Dastidar (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=488|

text: 28488 Gautam

text: ||  || Simanta Gautam (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project. |-id=492|

text: 28492 Marik

text: Miklós Marik

text: , Hungarian astronomer †|-id=493|

text: 28493 Duncan-Lewis

text: ||  || Christopher Anthony Duncan-Lewis (born 1992) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health sciences project. |-id=494|

text: 28494 Jasmine

text: ||  || Jasmine Samaiya Roberts (born 1993) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health sciences project. |}

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/c11a9951609583c5c13c2cb3c9824e2e

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/a43f68d387aff0d5ac6c8625c915007f

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/65dac5d951a2cb0416ca63d69ca7ff03

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/2c30d90abe26583d57564c563c238902

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/de237b182c82f8a9e1520f967d4bd8bc

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/48ff89f8d4cbaaeb0965a4140fbc79ef

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/a2056095bc5ee082bf5af7daa7389f24

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/b663ccdc07c0c181a0b7da0fc6d52a46

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/be535acbd73ebf6d75d4925789474203

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/148cdc811c2786434bbcae8e527735be

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/bbf1c9ab18d16e9a7d48dfa677a103a3

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/f4266779365412ea759c953619ff2910

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ba3e3879bcce243449c4ecce32451f5a

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ff17bdd81271f7ba1fcfc527df3efb70

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0016/ce68ff55d0bcc20d3adeee9e32bfc093

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/a3a9b9311dd6893079355c710767b807

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/8b0781085226360cdd1c37c1dc349dd5

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/20933c8b03dd35b743744df8da37d571

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/b376fc55dc01b0e95038e9004c1372c7

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/ef40df92e4a31116d18996b4a99dcd85

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/e3b1be2b69959981816c0552663642e9

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/1130968d8e0cdd48c5d56a73b1c62cbc

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/d5a4c0facd8a4d3bfde3de95f3e1c669

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/ec60b833db594d7e29393b8aa8f30d89

answers: 5: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0017/56dbab449165782890268dd66102ed29

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/833d0112df19b65b25029b997558f8c7

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/d68fda0711f2a3025be5fe9e1f658626

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/1a625546891aa8261a61b26b8f83471b

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/3391fccecf0d6ada69f1379769b10e2d

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/c1f8938cd04cc157f92ceaf326418d3b

answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/565e7edb2a87631e68dc4f257b888c2c

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/c8bdd24adef5038dcac971affb52d8f2

answers: 1: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0018/5e3594f7c91dad35f8c69b87aadbc25b

answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/60e320db0d8dd948d467212c8197b542

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/6f6f8d0900dfee12dabf9da8d1f89ed7

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/55280b22c70d20a9ed664d74887abdec

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/38e567d14b96be4b5d5807216608de18

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/a5fba6152ddeb91f03c7a8f2eb6c394a

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/c5178341753840a956268c32c7daf35e

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/a7aab9130faf667088c1bc00abd43b06

answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/f9208dbd40f3fd2f192c0a7e5a471b4c

answers: 4: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/eadb31a7923f352607316368456064d7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0019/ebc209651ed11f5106ea3cf12d85da6e

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/d79393c4a352c5c6bf8a0d0a6bc2172b

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/4bc2b38bfe764500bab3c22f8ad8cd70

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/7fc55d345287b257037aefefa27f14f7

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/5d85425aacbfd7f57fbfe341cda04d12

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/ced79bc68548649a6af4a5b4425fb59d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/bfdb79039bff1b0c469836fe1dd04bda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/1babe5f117a0c539a96f16312695598e

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/e81c79f203b939a8d92e6668d0cc7dfb

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/9214e877d6ce6f5a3501f14dbd462898

answers: 3: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0002/T_0020/38d1443a7eb9639aee988d3c05a3944b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000046

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000055

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000064

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answers: NDQ_000065

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answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: || Earth science is the study of the environment.

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: Xiuqicao was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project.

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answers: Xiuqicao

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answers: Chemical oceanography is the study of the ocean's chemical composition.

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answers: Sangani (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project.

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answers: || Sangani (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project.

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answers: Xiuqi Cao (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project.

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answers: || Sangani

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answers: Xiuqi Cao was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project.

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answers: || Sangani

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answers: Science and Engineering

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answers: Earth science is a branch of geology.

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answers: Xiuqicao was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project.

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answers: Xiuqicao (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project.

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answers: || || Sungkanit's environmental management team project won her the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair's best of category award.

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answers: Xiuqicao (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project.

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answers: Xiuqicao (born 1994) was awarded first place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his environmental management team project.

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answers: Sangan (born 1995) was awarded second place in the 2011 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management team project.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: The practical examination consists of tasks which are designed to assess participants' abilities to carry out scientific investigations in earth science inquiries. Participants are allowed to bring non-programmable calculators for the examinations. Sometimes special tool are provides as telescopes, geology compass, meteorological instruments and so on.The top twenty or so, students who qualify the entrance test for IESO are called for the training camp whose duration is about 20 days. On the basis of performance of these students the final team is selected which represents the particular country at the International Competition.

text: The practical examination consists of tasks which are designed to assess participants' abilities to carry out scientific investigations in earth science inquiries. Participants are allowed to bring non-programmable calculators for the examinations. Sometimes special tool are provides as telescopes, geology compass, meteorological instruments and so on.The top twenty or so, students who qualify the entrance test for IESO are called for the training camp whose duration is about 20 days. On the basis of performance of these students the final team is selected which represents the particular country at the International Competition.

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text: In 1972, the Science Center in Clayton began to receive funds from sales tax through the Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District. In 1983, the St. Louis Museum of Science and Natural History purchased the Planetarium from the city, and closed it for remodeling. On July 20, 1985, the Planetarium reopened as the Saint Louis Science Center. On November 2, 1991, as part of a $34 million expansion, a new building opened across from the Planetarium south of I-64, on Oakland Avenue, increasing the size of the Science Center by a factor of seven. The new building was constructed on land that had previously been the site of the Falstaff Brewing Corporation headquarters. Designed by E. Verner Johnson and Associates, the new building included an Omnimax, now called IMAX Dome theater, as well as a pedestrian bridge over the interstate highway. New exhibits in the main building were devoted to Earth science, emerging technology, life sciences, physical science, and chemistry. Within two months, the newly remodeled Saint Louis Science Center became the most visited science center in the world.

text: In 1972, the Science Center in Clayton began to receive funds from sales tax through the

entity_name: Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District

text: Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District

text: . In 1983, the St. Louis

text: Museum of Science and Natural History

text: purchased the Planetarium from the city, and closed it for remodeling. On July 20, 1985, the Planetarium reopened as the Saint Louis Science Center. On November 2, 1991, as part of a $34 million expansion, a new building opened across from the Planetarium south of I-64, on Oakland Avenue, increasing the size of the Science Center by a factor of seven. The new building was constructed on land that had previously been the site of the

text: Falstaff Brewing Corporation

text: headquarters. Designed by

text: E. Verner Johnson and Associates

text: , the new building included an Omnimax, now called

text: IMAX

text: Dome theater, as well as a pedestrian bridge over the interstate highway. New exhibits in the main building were devoted to

text: Earth science

text: emerging technology

text: life sciences

text: physical science

text: , and

text: chemistry

text: . Within two months, the newly remodeled Saint Louis Science Center became the most visited science center in the world.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: In atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields), the pressure gradient (typically of air, more generally of any fluid) is a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The pressure gradient is a dimensional quantity expressed in units of pressure per unit length, or Pa/m.

text: In atmospheric sciences (

text: meteorology

text: climatology

text: and related fields), the pressure gradient (typically of

text: air

text: , more generally of any

text: fluid

text: ) is a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the

text: pressure

text: changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The pressure gradient is a dimensional quantity expressed in

text: units

text: of pressure per unit length, or

text: Pa

text: m

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text: In 1999, Mann secured a position as a tenure-track assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia. He left Virginia in 2005 to become an associate professor in the Department of Meteorology (with joint appointments in Department of Geosciences and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute) at Pennsylvania State University, where he was also appointed the Director of its Earth System Science Center. He was promoted to full professor in 2009 and to "Distinguished Professor of Meteorology" in 2013.

text: In 1999, Mann secured a position as a tenure-track assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at the

text: University of Virginia

text: . He left Virginia in 2005 to become an associate professor in the Department of Meteorology (with joint appointments in Department of Geosciences and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute) at

text: Pennsylvania State University

text: , where he was also appointed the Director of its Earth System Science Center. He was promoted to

text: full professor

text: in 2009 and to "Distinguished Professor of Meteorology" in 2013.

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answers: Rock layers below Earths surface record Earths history.

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answers: He left Virginia in 2005 to become an associate professor

text: Ibn Sīnā wrote on Earth sciences such as geology in The Book of Healing. While discussing the formation of mountains, he explained:

text: Ibn Sīnā wrote on

text: Earth science

text: s such as

text: geology

text: in The Book of Healing. While discussing the formation of

text: mountain

text: s, he explained:

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answers: 4

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answers: 4

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answers: 0

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answers: 0

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answers: 0

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answers: 0

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answers: 0

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answers: 0

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answers: 4

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answers: 0

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answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000046

answers: Earth sciences

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: formation of mountains

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: geologist

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: oceans

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: Earth sciences

answers: NDQ_000051

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answers: NDQ_000052

answers: meteorological instruments

answers: NDQ_000053

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answers: NDQ_000054

answers: geology

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answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: geology

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answers: geology

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answers: Earth sciences

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: geology

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: Earth sciences

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: soil

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: rocks are a record of Earths history.

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: oceanography

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: the deepest parts of the ocean are still unexplored.

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: rivers and lakes are the source of water on Earth.

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: The oceans have not been impacted by humans.

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: oceanography

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: meteorology

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: |-id=312| 31312 Fangerhai ||  || Fang Er Hai (b. 1996) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project, and also received the Philip V. Streich Memorial Award. |-id=313| 31313 Kanwingyi ||  || Kan Wing Yi (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management project. |-id=319| 31319 Vespucci ||  || 31319 Vespucci Discovered 1998 Apr. 20 by V. S. Casulli at the Colleverde di Guidonia. Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) was an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer. In 1507 the geographer Martin Waldseemüller published the first paper of the Mundus Novus associating the name America with Amerigo Vespucci.|-id=323| 31323 Lysá hora ||  || Lysá hora, highest (1323 m) mountain of the Beskids (Beskydy) mountain range, the Czech Republic |-id=324| 31324 Jiřímrázek ||  || Jiří Mrázek, 20th-century Czech geophysicist, TV and radio popularizer of astronautics, astronomy, computer science and related subjects |-id=336| 31336 Chenyuhsin ||  || Chen Yu-Hsin (b. 1996) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth science project, and also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award.  |-id=338| 31338 Lipperhey ||  || Hans Lipperhey, 16th-17th-century Dutch lensmaker, inventor of Dutch perspective glass, and first to design and seek a patent for a practical telescope |-id=360| 31360 Huangyihsuan ||  || Huang Yi-Hsuan (b. 1996) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant sciences project, and also received the Dudley R. Herschbach SIYSS Award. |-id=363| 31363 Shulga ||  || Valery Mikhailovich Shulga, Ukrainian radio astronomer |-id=374| 31374 Hruskova ||  || Aranka Hruskova (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her mathematical sciences project.  |-id=375| 31375 Krystufek ||  || Robin Krystufek (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry project. |-id=376| 31376 Leobauersfeld ||  || Leonard Bauersfeld (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics and astronomy team project. |-id=377| 31377 Kleinwort ||  || Lennart Julian Kleinwort (b. 1998) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project, and also received the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award. |-id=378| 31378 Neidinger ||  || Leonard Bauersfeld (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics and astronomy team project. |-id=380| 31380 Hegyesi ||  || Hegyesi Donat Sandor (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering project. |-id=400| 31400 Dakshdua ||  || Daksh Dua (b. 1997) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal sciences team project, and also received the Intel Foundation Cultural and Scientific Visit to China Award. |}

text: 31312 Fangerhai

text: ||  || Fang Er Hai (b. 1996) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his chemistry team project, and also received the Philip V. Streich Memorial Award. |-id=313|

text: 31313 Kanwingyi

text: ||  || Kan Wing Yi (b. 1998) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental management project. |-id=319|

text: 31319 Vespucci

text: ||  || 31319 Vespucci Discovered 1998 Apr. 20 by V. S. Casulli at the Colleverde di Guidonia. Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) was an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer. In 1507 the geographer Martin Waldseemüller published the first paper of the Mundus Novus associating the name America with Amerigo Vespucci.|-id=323|

text: 31323 Lysá hora

text: Lysá hora

text: , highest (1323 m) mountain of the

text: Beskids

text: (Beskydy) mountain range, the

text: Czech Republic

text: 31324 Jiřímrázek

text: Jiří Mrázek

text: , 20th-century Czech geophysicist, TV and radio popularizer of astronautics, astronomy, computer science and related subjects |-id=336|

text: 31336 Chenyuhsin

text: ||  || Chen Yu-Hsin (b. 1996) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her earth science project, and also received the European Union Contest for Young Scientists Award.  |-id=338|

text: 31338 Lipperhey

text: Hans Lipperhey

text: , 16th-17th-century Dutch lensmaker, inventor of Dutch perspective glass, and first to design and seek a patent for a practical telescope |-id=360|

text: 31360 Huangyihsuan

text: ||  || Huang Yi-Hsuan (b. 1996) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant sciences project, and also received the Dudley R. Herschbach SIYSS Award. |-id=363|

text: 31363 Shulga

text: ||  || Valery Mikhailovich Shulga, Ukrainian radio astronomer |-id=374|

text: 31374 Hruskova

text: ||  || Aranka Hruskova (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her mathematical sciences project.  |-id=375|

text: 31375 Krystufek

text: ||  || Robin Krystufek (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his biochemistry project. |-id=376|

text: 31376 Leobauersfeld

text: ||  || Leonard Bauersfeld (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics and astronomy team project. |-id=377|

text: 31377 Kleinwort

text: ||  || Lennart Julian Kleinwort (b. 1998) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical sciences project, and also received the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award. |-id=378|

text: 31378 Neidinger

text: ||  || Leonard Bauersfeld (b. 1997) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics and astronomy team project. |-id=380|

text: 31380 Hegyesi

text: ||  || Hegyesi Donat Sandor (b. 1995) was awarded second place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his electrical and mechanical engineering project. |-id=400|

text: 31400 Dakshdua

text: ||  || Daksh Dua (b. 1997) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his animal sciences team project, and also received the Intel Foundation Cultural and Scientific Visit to China Award. |}

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answers: 324| 31324

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answers: NDQ_000046

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answers: 0

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answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: 0

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answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000055

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answers: 5: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: 0

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answers: 0

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answers: 4: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: 5: The answer is mostly relevant and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: 0

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

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answers: 4

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answers: 0

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answers: 3: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_000046

answers: br>br>br>br>br>br>br>br>br>br>br>

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: Huangyihsu

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: geophysicist

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: || || Huangyihsuan

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: 31338

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: Chen Yu-Hsin

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: || Huangyihsuan Huangyihsuan () is a Chinese meteorologist.

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: Huangyihsuan is a Chinese geophysicist.

answers: NDQ_000055

answers: || Huangyihsuan () is a Chinese astronomer.

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: Huangyihsuan is a Chinese physicist.

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: || Huangyihsuan Huangyihsuan () is a Chinese physicist.

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: astronomy

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: Huangyihsu

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: Huangyihsu is a Chinese geologist.

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: The rock layers below Earth's surface are a record of Earth's history.

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: Huangyih Huangyih Huangyih () may refer to:

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: The deepest part of the ocean, the deepest part of the ocean, is the deepest part of the ocean.

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: Huangyihs

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: Huangyih () is a Chinese astronomer and physicist.

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: || Huangyihsuan

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: || Huangyihsuan Huangyihsuan is a Chinese meteorologist.

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: In geology, bedrock is the lithified rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. The broken and weathered regolith includes soil and subsoil. The surface of the bedrock beneath soil cover is known as rockhead in engineering geology and its identification by digging, drilling or geophysical methods is an important task in most civil engineering projects. Superficial deposits (also known as drift) can be extremely thick, such that the bedrock lies hundreds of meters below the surface.

text: In

text: geology

text: , bedrock is the

text: lithified

text: rock

text: that lies under the loose softer material (

text: regolith

text: ) at the surface of the Earth or other

text: terrestrial planet

text: . The broken and weathered regolith includes

text: soil

text: and

text: subsoil

text: . The surface of the bedrock beneath soil cover is known as rockhead in

text: engineering geology

text: and its identification by digging, drilling or

text: geophysical

text: methods is an important task in most

text: civil engineering

text: projects. Superficial

text: deposits

text: (also known as

text: drift

text: ) can be extremely thick, such that the bedrock lies hundreds of meters below the surface.

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text: Coverage includes joining basic and applied original research across multiple disciplines. These are the physical sciences, biological sciences (including health sciences and medicine), computer sciences (including information science), agriculture sciences, geosciences, and environmental sciences (including environmental engineering). Education and public relations are also covered.

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text: Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history, such as the Babylonians, Greeks, Indians, Egyptians, Nubians, Iranians, Chinese, and Maya performed methodical observations of the night sky. Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy and the making of calendars, but professional astronomy is now often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics.

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text: Peter Arthur Fox is a data science and Semantic eScience researcher at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), United States. He is a Tetherless World Constellation chair and professor of Earth and Environmental Science, Computer Science and Cognitive Science, and director of the Information Technology and Web Science Program at RPI, and is known for defining informatics and data science in earth sciences as well as defining the sun-earth connection research agenda and co-convening the community. Fox was born in Devonport, Tasmania, Australia and currently resides in Troy, NY, United States.

text: Peter Arthur Fox is a

text: data science

text: and

text: Semantic eScience

text: researcher at

text: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

text: (RPI), United States. He is a

text: Tetherless World Constellation

text: chair and professor of Earth and Environmental Science, Computer Science and Cognitive Science, and director of the Information Technology and Web Science Program at RPI, and is known for defining informatics and data science in earth sciences as well as defining the sun-earth connection research agenda and co-convening the community. Fox was born in

text: Devonport, Tasmania

text: , Australia and currently resides in

text: Troy, NY

text: , United States.

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text: In the atmospheric sciences, the climatological annual cycle is often used as the mean value.  Famous atmospheric anomalies are for instance the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and the North Atlantic oscillation index.  SOI is the atmospheric component of El Niño, while NAO plays an important role for European weather by modification of the exit of the Atlantic storm track.

text: In the atmospheric sciences, the climatological

text: annual cycle

text: is often used as the mean value.  Famous atmospheric anomalies are for instance the

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text: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Earth and Space Sciences, Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, and Statistics

text: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Earth and Space Sciences, Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, and Statistics

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text: In polymer science, the side chain of an oligomeric or polymeric offshoot extends from the backbone chain of a polymer. Side chains have noteworthy influence on a polymer's properties, mainly its crystallinity and density. An oligomeric branch may be termed a short-chain branch, and a polymeric branch may be termed a long-chain branch. Side groups are different from side chains; they are neither oligomeric nor polymeric.

text: In

text: polymer science

text: , the side chain of an

text: oligomer

text: ic or

text: polymer

text: ic offshoot extends from the

text: backbone chain

text: of a polymer. Side chains have noteworthy influence on a polymer's properties, mainly its

text: crystallinity

text: and

text: density

text: . An

text: oligomeric

text: branch may be termed a short-chain branch, and a

text: polymeric

text: branch may be termed a long-chain branch.

text: Side group

text: s are different from side chains; they are neither oligomeric nor polymeric.

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text: Astronomy is a magazine about the science and hobby of astronomy. Based near Milwaukee in Waukesha, Wisconsin, it is produced by Kalmbach Publishing. Astronomy’s readers include those interested in astronomy, and those who want to know about sky events, observing techniques, astrophotography, and amateur astronomy in general.

text: Astronomy is a magazine about the science and hobby of astronomy. Based near Milwaukee in

text: Waukesha, Wisconsin

text: , it is produced by

text: Kalmbach Publishing

text: . Astronomy’s readers include those interested in astronomy, and those who want to know about sky events, observing techniques, astrophotography, and amateur astronomy in general.

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text: Since Newton's time, figures from the UK have contributed to the development of most major branches of science. Examples include Michael Faraday, who, with James Clerk Maxwell, unified the electric and magnetic forces in what are now known as Maxwell's equations; James Joule, who worked extensively in thermodynamics and is often credited with the discovery of the principle of conservation of energy; Paul Dirac, one of the pioneers of quantum mechanics; naturalist Charles Darwin, author of On the Origin of Species and discoverer of the principle of evolution by natural selection; James Hutton, founder of modern geology, whose work on the age of the earth forms a key element of Darwin's theory; Harold Kroto, the discoverer of buckminsterfullerene; William Thomson (Baron Kelvin) who drew important conclusions in the field of thermodynamics and invented the Kelvin scale of absolute zero; botanist Robert Brown discovered the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (Brownian motion); and the creator of Bell's Theorem, John Stewart Bell.

text: Since Newton's time, figures from the UK have contributed to the development of most major branches of science. Examples include

text: Michael Faraday

text: , who, with

text: James Clerk Maxwell

text: , unified the electric and

text: magnetic

text: force

text: s in what are now known as

text: Maxwell's equations

text: James Joule

text: , who worked extensively in

text: thermodynamics

text: and is often credited with the discovery of the

text: principle of conservation of energy

text: Paul Dirac

text: , one of the pioneers of

text: quantum mechanics

text: ; naturalist

text: Charles Darwin

text: , author of

text: On the Origin of Species

text: and discoverer of the principle of

text: evolution

text: by

text: natural selection

text: James Hutton

text: , founder of modern geology, whose work on the age of the earth forms a key element of Darwin's theory;

text: Harold Kroto

text: , the discoverer of

text: buckminsterfullerene

text: William Thomson (Baron Kelvin)

text: who drew important conclusions in the field of thermodynamics and invented the

text: Kelvin

text: scale of

text: absolute zero

text: ; botanist

entity_name: Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)

text: Robert Brown

text: discovered the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (

text: Brownian motion

text: ); and the creator of

text: Bell's Theorem

text: John Stewart Bell

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text: RPI's TWC pursues disciplinary research and education themes centered on the World Wide Web. Peter Fox is the lead professor for the research areas: Data Frameworks, Data Science, Semantic eScience and XInformatics. Since 2009, the team has three applications themes: Open Government Data, Environmental Informatics, and Health Care and Life Science Informatics. Fox's primary  appointment is in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences  in the School of Science. Appointments in the Departments of Computer Science (2008) and Cognitive Science (2014) followed.

text: RPI's TWC pursues disciplinary research and education themes centered on the

text: World Wide Web

text: . Peter Fox is the lead professor for the research areas: Data Frameworks, Data Science, Semantic eScience and XInformatics. Since 2009, the team has three applications themes:

text: Open Government Data

text: Environmental Informatics

text: , and Health Care and Life Science Informatics. Fox's primary  appointment is in the Department of

text: Earth and Environmental Sciences

text: in the School of Science. Appointments in the Departments of

text: Computer Science

text: (2008) and

text: Cognitive Science

text: (2014) followed.

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text: That the Earth must be spherical was known since at least the time of Pythagoras (570–495 BC), but this knowledge did not reach ancient folklore such as the Alexander romance where Alexander travels to the ends of a flat Earth. It is notable that, unlike the Babylonians, Greeks, and Indians, the pre-Islamic Arabs had no scientific astronomy. Their knowledge of astronomy was limited to measuring time based on empirical observations of the "rising and setting" of the sun, moon, and particular stars. This area of astronomical study was known as anwa and continued to be developed after Islamization by the Arabs.  Astronomy in medieval Islam began in the 8th century and the first major Muslim work of astronomy was Zij al-Sindh written in 830 by al-Khwarizmi.  The work is significant as it introduced the Ptolemaic system into Islamic sciences (the Ptolemaic system was ultimately replaced by the Copernican system during the Scientific Revolution in Europe).

text: That the Earth must be spherical was known since at least the time of

text: Pythagoras

text: (570–495 BC), but this knowledge did not reach ancient folklore such as the Alexander romance where Alexander travels to the ends of a flat Earth. It is notable that, unlike the Babylonians, Greeks, and Indians, the

text: pre-Islamic Arabs

text: had no scientific astronomy. Their knowledge of astronomy was limited to measuring time based on empirical observations of the "rising and setting" of the sun, moon, and particular stars. This area of astronomical study was known as anwa and continued to be developed after

text: Islamization

text: by the Arabs.

text: Astronomy in medieval Islam

text: began in the 8th century and the first major Muslim work of astronomy was Zij al-Sindh written in 830 by

text: al-Khwarizmi

text: .  The work is significant as it introduced the

text: Ptolemaic system

text: into Islamic sciences (the Ptolemaic system was ultimately replaced by the

text: Copernican system

text: during the

text: Scientific Revolution

text: in Europe).

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

text: Athens is affected by the urban heat island effect in some areas which is caused by human activity, altering its temperatures compared to the surrounding rural areas, and bearing detrimental effects on energy usage, expenditure for cooling, and health. The urban heat island of the city has also been found to be partially responsible for alterations of the climatological temperature time-series of specific Athens meteorological stations, because of its impact on the temperatures and the temperature trends recorded by some meteorological stations. On the other hand, specific meteorological stations, such as the National Garden station and Thiseio meteorological station, are less affected or do not experience the urban heat island.

text: Athens is affected by the

text: urban heat island

text: effect in some areas which is caused by human activity, altering its temperatures compared to the surrounding rural areas, and bearing detrimental effects on energy usage, expenditure for cooling, and health. The urban heat island of the city has also been found to be partially responsible for alterations of the climatological temperature time-series of specific Athens meteorological stations, because of its impact on the temperatures and the temperature trends recorded by some meteorological stations. On the other hand, specific meteorological stations, such as the National Garden station and Thiseio meteorological station, are less affected or do not experience the urban heat island.

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text: Earth science – all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth sciences, and is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only known life-bearing planet.

text: Earth science

text: – all-embracing term for the

text: science

text: s related to the

text: planet

text: Earth

text: . It is also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth sciences, and is arguably a special case in

text: planetary science

text: , the Earth being the only known

text: life

text: -bearing planet.

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text: The department offers a BSc degree, with courses in atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics and chimistry, in cloud physics, in climatology and general oceanography. The students maybe follow training toward research, a teaching, or operational meteorologist. The department offers one year certificates for students coming from other deprtement, like physics, to pursue MSc and PhD programs in Meteorology and Oceanography.

text: The department offers a BSc degree, with courses in

text: atmospheric dynamics

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text: . The department offers one year certificates for students coming from other deprtement, like physics, to pursue MSc and PhD programs in Meteorology and Oceanography.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: The following courses offered by the University of Bristol managed to reach top 5 in The 'Times ranking (2008): Computer Science (3rd); Electrical and Electronic Engineering(3rd); Civil Engineering(5th); Biological Sciences(3rd); Mathematics (3rd); and Psychology (4th). Furthermore, the QS World University Rankings place Bristol in the world's top 100 universities for all subject areas in 2011: Arts and Humanities (57th), Natural Sciences (40th), Engineering & IT (83rd), Social Sciences (65th) and Life Sciences (70th). A further breakdown of the QS World University Natural Sciences Ranking shows the following: Earth Sciences (25th), Mathematics (35th), Environmental Sciences (39th), Physics (41st), and Chemistry (48th).

text: The following courses offered by the University of Bristol managed to reach top 5 in The 'Times ranking (2008):

entity_name: Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol

text: Computer Science

text: (3rd); Electrical and Electronic Engineering(3rd); Civil Engineering(5th); Biological Sciences(3rd); Mathematics (3rd); and Psychology (4th). Furthermore, the

text: QS World University Rankings

text: place Bristol in the world's top 100 universities for all subject areas in 2011: Arts and Humanities (57th), Natural Sciences (40th), Engineering & IT (83rd), Social Sciences (65th) and Life Sciences (70th). A further breakdown of the QS World University Natural Sciences Ranking shows the following: Earth Sciences (25th), Mathematics (35th), Environmental Sciences (39th), Physics (41st), and Chemistry (48th).

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text: Academic classes are offered, along with electives. This includes English honors 9-12 and AP at senior year, history honors 9-12 and AP at junior or senior year, science honors 10-12 and AP at junior or senior year, math honors at 9-12 and AP at junior or senior year for pre-calculus and calculus exclusively at senior year. In order to graduate, students need three years of math, one year of algebra 1, one year of geometry, and one year of algebra 2/trigonometry, three years of history, one year of world history, and one year of US history 1 and 2, three years of science, one year physical/earth science, one year of biology, and one year of environmental science or chemistry. four years of English is required to graduate. Students can choose to go beyond their requirements and take a fourth year of math, science, and history.

text: Academic classes are offered, along with electives. This includes English honors 9-12 and AP at senior year, history honors 9-12 and AP at junior or senior year, science honors 10-12 and AP at junior or senior year, math honors at 9-12 and AP at junior or senior year for pre-calculus and calculus exclusively at senior year. In order to graduate, students need three years of math, one year of algebra 1, one year of geometry, and one year of algebra 2/trigonometry, three years of history, one year of world history, and one year of US history 1 and 2, three years of science, one year physical/earth science, one year of biology, and one year of environmental science or chemistry. four years of English is required to graduate. Students can choose to go beyond their requirements and take a fourth year of math, science, and history.

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text: The IAU coordinated the International Year of Astronomy in 2009. This initiative was an opportunity for the citizens of Earth to gain a deeper insight into astronomy’s role in enriching all human cultures. Moreover, served as a platform for informing the public about the latest astronomical discoveries while emphasizing the essential role of astronomy in science education. IYA2009 was sponsored by Celestron and Thales Alenia Space.

text: The IAU coordinated the International Year of Astronomy in 2009. This initiative was an opportunity for the citizens of Earth to gain a deeper insight into astronomy’s role in enriching all human cultures. Moreover, served as a platform for informing the public about the latest astronomical discoveries while emphasizing the essential role of astronomy in science education. IYA2009 was sponsored by

text: Celestron

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text: One author described the early nineteenth century, the time of George Poulett Scrope and Charles Lyell's early careers, as an "intellectual 'reign of terror'" which was the "consequence of the unreasoning prejudice and wild alarm excited by the early progress of geological inquiry." Most attempts to explain the past using current processes as a reference was, rather than through calm argument, met by social stigma and intolerance. This can be seen by the treatment of Hutton's Theory of the Earth, Hall's meticulously kept records and experiments, and Playfair's Illustrations. These arguments had "come to be inscribed in a social Index Expurgatorius [and] might have seemed to be consigned to total oblivion." The writer of Scrope's Obituary in the Royal Society's Proceedings believed that "science is indebted for boldly encountering and successfully overcoming this storm of prejudice ... [Scrope and Lyell] accomplish[ed] the removal of geology from the domain of speculation to that of inductive science."

text: One author described the early nineteenth century, the time of George Poulett Scrope and Charles Lyell's early careers, as an "intellectual 'reign of terror'" which was the "consequence of the unreasoning prejudice and wild alarm excited by the early progress of geological inquiry." Most attempts to explain the past using current processes as a reference was, rather than through calm argument, met by social stigma and intolerance. This can be seen by the treatment of

text: Hutton

text: 's Theory of the Earth,

text: Hall

text: 's meticulously kept records and experiments, and

text: Playfair

text: 's Illustrations. These arguments had "come to be inscribed in a social Index Expurgatorius [and] might have seemed to be consigned to total oblivion." The writer of Scrope's Obituary in the Royal Society's Proceedings believed that "science is indebted for boldly encountering and successfully overcoming this storm of prejudice ... [Scrope and Lyell] accomplish[ed] the removal of geology from the domain of speculation to that of inductive science."

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text: With the application of scientific methods to the investigation of the Earth's history, the study of geology could become a distinct field of science. To begin with, the terminology and definition of what constituted geological study had to be worked out. The term "geology" was first used technically in publications by two Genevan naturalists, Jean-André Deluc and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, though "geology" was not well received as a term until it was taken up in the very influential compendium, the Encyclopédie, published beginning in 1751 by Denis Diderot. Once the term was established to denote the study of the Earth and its history, geology slowly became more generally recognized as a distinct science that could be taught as a field of study at educational institutions. In 1741 the best-known institution in the field of natural history, the National Museum of Natural History in France, created the first teaching position designated specifically for geology. This was an important step in further promoting knowledge of geology as a science and in recognizing the value of widely disseminating such knowledge.

text: With the application of scientific methods to the investigation of the Earth's history, the study of geology could become a distinct field of science. To begin with, the terminology and definition of what constituted geological study had to be worked out. The term "geology" was first used technically in publications by two Genevan naturalists,

text: Jean-André Deluc

text: and

text: Horace-Bénédict de Saussure

text: , though "geology" was not well received as a term until it was taken up in the very influential compendium, the

text: Encyclopédie

text: , published beginning in 1751 by

text: Denis Diderot

text: . Once the term was established to denote the study of the Earth and its history, geology slowly became more generally recognized as a distinct science that could be taught as a field of study at educational institutions. In 1741 the best-known institution in the field of natural history, the National Museum of Natural History in France, created the first teaching position designated specifically for geology. This was an important step in further promoting knowledge of geology as a science and in recognizing the value of widely disseminating such knowledge.

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text: Some of the earliest forms of astronomy can be dated to the period of Indus Valley Civilization or earlier. Some cosmological concepts are present in the Vedas, as are notions of the movement of heavenly bodies and the course of the year.As in other traditions, there is a close association of astronomy and religion during the early history of the science, astronomical observation being necessitated by spatial and temporal requirements of correct performance of religious ritual. Thus, the Shulba Sutras, texts dedicated to altar construction, discusses advanced mathematics and basic astronomy. Vedanga Jyotisha is another of the earliest known Indian texts on astronomy, it includes the details about the sun, moon, nakshatras, lunisolar calendar.

text: Some of the earliest forms of astronomy can be dated to the period of

text: Indus Valley Civilization

text: or earlier. Some cosmological concepts are present in the

text: Vedas

text: , as are notions of the movement of heavenly bodies and the course of the year.As in other traditions, there is a close association of

text: astronomy and religion

text: during the early history of the science, astronomical observation being necessitated by spatial and temporal requirements of

text: correct performance

text: of religious ritual. Thus, the

text: Shulba Sutras

text: , texts dedicated to altar construction, discusses advanced mathematics and basic astronomy.

text: Vedanga Jyotisha

text: is another of the earliest known Indian texts on astronomy, it includes the details about the sun, moon,

text: nakshatra

text: s,

text: lunisolar calendar

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text: HDST would be equipped with an internal coronagraph, a disk that blocks light from the central star, making a dim planet more visible, and perhaps eventually a starshade that would float kilometers  out in front of it to perform the same function.<ref name='NYTimes 2015'></ref>  Initial cost estimates are approximately $10 billion.  <ref name='NYTimes 2015'/> The case in favor of the telescope is made in a report entitled "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths",  on the future of astronomy commissioned by AURA, which runs the Hubble and other observatories on behalf of NASA and the National Science Foundation. The AURA group is starting the selection process with the report, by which major scientific projects are chosen and funded. Every 10 years, a committee of the National Academy of Sciences surveys the astronomical community and produces a prioritized wish list for the next decade. This survey, which happens next in 2020, provides a guide for Congress and NASA.<ref name='NYTimes 2015'/>

text: HDST would be equipped with an internal

text: coronagraph

text: , a disk that blocks light from the central star, making a dim planet more visible, and perhaps eventually a

text: starshade

text: that would float kilometers  out in front of it to perform the same function.<ref name='NYTimes 2015'></ref>  Initial cost estimates are approximately $10 billion.  <ref name='NYTimes 2015'/> The case in favor of the telescope is made in a report entitled "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths",  on the future of

text: astronomy

text: commissioned by AURA, which runs the Hubble and other observatories on behalf of

text: NASA

text: and the

text: National Science Foundation

text: . The AURA group is starting the selection process with the report, by which major scientific projects are chosen and funded. Every 10 years, a committee of the

text: National Academy of Sciences

text: surveys the astronomical community and produces a prioritized wish list for the next decade. This survey, which happens next in 2020, provides a guide for

text: Congress

text: and NASA.<ref name='NYTimes 2015'/>

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text: The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) describes climate "normals" as "reference points used by climatologists to compare current climatological trends to that of the past or what is considered 'normal'.  A Normal is defined as the arithmetic average of a climate element (e.g. temperature) over a 30-year period.  A 30 year period is used, as it is long enough to filter out any interannual variation or anomalies, but also short enough to be able to show longer climatic trends." The WMO originated from the International Meteorological Organization which set up a technical commission for climatology in 1929. At its 1934 Wiesbaden meeting the technical commission designated the thirty-year period from 1901 to 1930 as the reference time frame for climatological standard normals. In 1982 the WMO agreed to update climate normals, and in these were subsequently completed on the basis of climate data from 1 January 1961 to 31 December 1990.

text: The

text: World Meteorological Organization

text: (WMO) describes climate "normals" as "reference points used by climatologists to compare current climatological trends to that of the past or what is considered 'normal'.  A Normal is defined as the arithmetic average of a climate element (e.g. temperature) over a 30-year period.  A 30 year period is used, as it is long enough to filter out any interannual variation or anomalies, but also short enough to be able to show longer climatic trends." The WMO originated from the

text: International Meteorological Organization

text: which set up a technical commission for climatology in 1929. At its 1934

text: Wiesbaden

text: meeting the technical commission designated the thirty-year period from 1901 to 1930 as the reference time frame for climatological standard normals. In 1982 the WMO agreed to update climate normals, and in these were subsequently completed on the basis of climate data from 1 January 1961 to 31 December 1990.

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answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: There are currently four departments in the Faculty of Science. They are the Departments of Biology, Chemistry, Earth & Environmental Sciences, and Physics & Astronomy. The Faculty of Science also runs the School of Optometry, and the School of Pharmacy. The School of Optometry is Canada's only English-language School of Optometry, renowned for its outreach programs and vision research. The Internationally renowned Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics is associated with the Department of Physics, and the Institute for Quantum Computing is also run through the Faculty of Science.

text: There are currently four departments in the Faculty of Science. They are the Departments of Biology, Chemistry, Earth & Environmental Sciences, and Physics & Astronomy. The Faculty of Science also runs the School of Optometry, and the School of Pharmacy. The School of Optometry is Canada's only English-language

entity_name: University of Waterloo School of Optometry and Vision Science

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text: , renowned for its outreach programs and vision research. The Internationally renowned

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text: Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

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text: is also run through the Faculty of Science.

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text: Other Goddard missions support a variety of space science disciplines. Goddard's most famous project is the Hubble Space Telescope, a unique science platform that has been breaking new ground in astronomy for nearly 20 years. Other missions such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) study the structure and evolution of the universe. Other missions such as the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) are currently studying the Sun and how its behavior affects life on the Earth.

text: Other Goddard missions support a variety of space science disciplines. Goddard's most famous project is the Hubble Space Telescope, a unique science platform that has been breaking new ground in astronomy for nearly 20 years. Other missions such as the

text: Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

text: (WMAP) study the structure and evolution of the universe. Other missions such as the

text: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

text: (SOHO) are currently studying the Sun and how its behavior affects life on the Earth.

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answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_000046

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000047

answers: structure and evolution of the universe

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: SOHO

answers: NDQ_000049

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000050

answers: Solar and Heliospheric

answers: NDQ_000051

answers: Heliospheric

answers: NDQ_000052

answers: SOHO

answers: NDQ_000053

answers: Heliospheric Observatory

answers: NDQ_000054

answers: The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

answers: NDQ_000055

answers: SOHO

answers: NDQ_000056

answers: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

answers: NDQ_000057

answers: SOHO

answers: NDQ_000058

answers: life on the Earth

answers: NDQ_000059

answers: astronomy

answers: NDQ_000060

answers: Earth science

answers: NDQ_000061

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000062

answers: rock layers

answers: NDQ_000063

answers: The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

answers: NDQ_000064

answers: Space Telescope

answers: NDQ_000065

answers: Earth

answers: NDQ_000066

answers: Oceans have been relatively little affected by humans

answers: NDQ_000067

answers: Oceanography

answers: NDQ_000068

answers: meteorologists

answers: NDQ_000069

answers: The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming

text: |-id=611| 26611 Madzlandon ||  || 26611 Madzlandon Discovered 2000 Mar. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Madeline Maley Landon (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science project. She attends the Friendswood High School, Friendswood, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=612| 26612 Sunsetastro ||  || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan. |-id=618| 26618 Yixinli ||  || 26618 Yixinli Discovered 2000 Apr. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Yixin Li (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science team project. She attends the Ballard High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=620| 26620 Yihuali ||  || 26620 Yihuali Discovered 2000 Apr. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Yihua Li (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science team project. She attends the Ballard High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=622| 26622 Maxwimberley ||  || 26622 Maxwimberley Discovered 2000 Apr. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Maxim Ilya Wimberley (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical-sciences project. He attends the Liberal Arts and Science Academy, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=629| 26629 Zahller ||  || Cordelia Zahller Luginbuhl (the discoverer's mother), and the Zahller family |-id=634| 26634 Balasubramanian ||  || 26634 Balasubramanian Discovered 2000 Apr. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Anirudha Balasubramanian (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical-sciences project. He attends the Saint Albans School, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.|-id=639| 26639 Murgaš ||  || Jozef Murgaš, 19th-20th-century Slovak inventor, architect, botanist, painter, patriot, and Roman Catholic priest |-id=640| 26640 Bahýľ ||  || Ján Bahýľ, 19th-20th-century Slovak inventor and aeronautical pioneer |-id=642| 26642 Schlenoff ||  || 26642 Schlenoff Discovered 2000 May 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Philip Samuel Schlenoff (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Maclay School, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=653| 26653 Amymeyer ||  || 26653 Amymeyer Discovered 2000 Sept. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amy Elizabeth Meyer (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Oakville Senior High School, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.|-id=656| 26656 Samarenae ||  || 26656 Samarenae Discovered 2000 Sept. 27 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Samantha Renae Prabakaran (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Fort Myers High School, Fort Myers, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=659| 26659 Skirda ||  || 26659 Skirda Discovered 2000 Nov. 1 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olga Y. Skirda (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Health Careers High School, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=660| 26660 Samahalpern ||  || 26660 Samahalpern Discovered 2000 Nov. 1 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Samantha Brooke Halpern (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Roslyn High School, Roslyn Heights, New York, U.S.A.|-id=661| 26661 Kempelen ||  || Wolfgang von Kempelen, 18th-century Austrian polymath, mechanic and inventor |-id=664| 26664 Jongwon ||  || 26664 Jongwon Discovered 2000 Dec. 20 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Jong Hyuck Won (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Langley High School, McLean, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=665| 26665 Sidjena ||  || 26665 Sidjena Discovered 2000 Dec. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Siddhartha Gautama Jena (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the International Academy, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=666| 26666 Justinto ||  || 26666 Justinto Discovered 2000 Dec. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Justin To (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Oak Grove High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=667| 26667 Sherwinwu ||  || 26667 Sherwinwu Discovered 2001 Jan. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Sherwin Zhang Wu (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Detroit Country Day School, Beverly Hills, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=668| 26668 Tonyho ||  || 26668 Tonyho Discovered 2001 Jan. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tony Ho (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences team project. He attends the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=671| 26671 Williamlopes ||  || 26671 Williamlopes Discovered 2001 Feb. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. William Lopes (b. 1989) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. He attends the Fundacao Escola Tecnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|-id=672| 26672 Ericabrooke ||  || 26672 Ericabrooke Discovered 2001 Feb. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Erica Brooke Portnoy (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Commack High School, Commack, New York, U.S.A.|-id=679| 26679 Thomassilver ||  || 26679 Thomassilver Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Thomas Scott Silver (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. He attends the Bergen Academy for Medical Science and Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey, U.S.A.|-id=680| 26680 Wangchristi ||  || 26680 Wangchristi Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Wang Kun Christina (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Shanghai American School, Shanghai, China.|-id=681| 26681 Niezgay ||  || 26681 Niezgay Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Augusto German Niez Gay (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. He attends the Instituto San Jose Adoratrices, Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina.|-id=682| 26682 Evanfletcher ||  || 26682 Evanfletcher Discovered 2001 Mar. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Evan Haley Fletcher (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics-and-astronomy project. He attends the Kalamazoo Area Mathematics and Science Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=685| 26685 Khojandi ||  || 26685 Khojandi Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Aryan Iden Khojandi (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics-and-astronomy project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=686| 26686 Ellenprice ||  || 26686 Ellenprice Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Ellen Marie Price (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics-and-astronomy project. She attends the Jefferson County International Baccalaureate School, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A.|-id=688| 26688 Wangenevieve ||  || 26688 Wangenevieve Discovered 2001 Mar. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Genevieve Ying Wang (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics-and-astronomy team project. She attends the Grosse Pointe South High School, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=689| 26689 Smorrison ||  || 26689 Smorrison Discovered 2001 Mar. 23 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Stephen J. Morrison (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics-and-astronomy team project. He attends the Grosse Pointe North High School, Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=691| 26691 Lareegardner ||  || 26691 Lareegardner Discovered 2001 Mar. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Laree Danielle Gardner (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics-and-astronomy team project. She attends the Grosse Pointe North High School, Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=694| 26694 Wenxili ||  || 26694 Wenxili Discovered 2001 Mar. 16 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Wenxi Li (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant-sciences project. She attends the Thomas Chilton Jasper High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=696| 26696 Gechenzhang ||  || 26696 Gechenzhang Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gechen Zhang (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant-sciences project. He attends the Rockwood Summit High School, Fenton, Missouri, U.S.A.|-id=699| 26699 Masoncole ||  || 26699 Masoncole Discovered 2001 Mar. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Mason Cole McFarland (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant-sciences project. He attends the Jefferson County International Baccalaureate School, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A.|}

text: 26611 Madzlandon

text: ||  || 26611 Madzlandon Discovered 2000 Mar. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Madeline Maley Landon (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science project. She attends the Friendswood High School, Friendswood, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=612|

text: 26612 Sunsetastro

text: ||  || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan. |-id=618|

text: 26618 Yixinli

text: ||  || 26618 Yixinli Discovered 2000 Apr. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Yixin Li (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science team project. She attends the Ballard High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=620|

text: 26620 Yihuali

text: ||  || 26620 Yihuali Discovered 2000 Apr. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Yihua Li (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her environmental-science team project. She attends the Ballard High School, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.|-id=622|

text: 26622 Maxwimberley

text: ||  || 26622 Maxwimberley Discovered 2000 Apr. 5 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Maxim Ilya Wimberley (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical-sciences project. He attends the Liberal Arts and Science Academy, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=629|

text: 26629 Zahller

text: ||  || Cordelia Zahller Luginbuhl (the discoverer's mother), and the Zahller family |-id=634|

text: 26634 Balasubramanian

text: ||  || 26634 Balasubramanian Discovered 2000 Apr. 29 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Anirudha Balasubramanian (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his mathematical-sciences project. He attends the Saint Albans School, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.|-id=639|

text: 26639 Murgaš

text: Jozef Murgaš

text: , 19th-20th-century Slovak inventor, architect, botanist, painter, patriot, and Roman Catholic priest |-id=640|

text: 26640 Bahýľ

text: ||  || Ján Bahýľ, 19th-20th-century Slovak inventor and aeronautical pioneer |-id=642|

text: 26642 Schlenoff

text: ||  || 26642 Schlenoff Discovered 2000 May 6 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Philip Samuel Schlenoff (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Maclay School, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=653|

text: 26653 Amymeyer

text: ||  || 26653 Amymeyer Discovered 2000 Sept. 4 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Amy Elizabeth Meyer (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Oakville Senior High School, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.|-id=656|

text: 26656 Samarenae

text: ||  || 26656 Samarenae Discovered 2000 Sept. 27 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Samantha Renae Prabakaran (b. 1996) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Fort Myers High School, Fort Myers, Florida, U.S.A.|-id=659|

text: 26659 Skirda

text: ||  || 26659 Skirda Discovered 2000 Nov. 1 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Olga Y. Skirda (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Health Careers High School, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=660|

text: 26660 Samahalpern

text: ||  || 26660 Samahalpern Discovered 2000 Nov. 1 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Samantha Brooke Halpern (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her medicine and health-sciences project. She attends the Roslyn High School, Roslyn Heights, New York, U.S.A.|-id=661|

text: 26661 Kempelen

text: Wolfgang von Kempelen

text: , 18th-century Austrian polymath, mechanic and inventor |-id=664|

text: 26664 Jongwon

text: ||  || 26664 Jongwon Discovered 2000 Dec. 20 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Jong Hyuck Won (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Langley High School, McLean, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=665|

text: 26665 Sidjena

text: ||  || 26665 Sidjena Discovered 2000 Dec. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Siddhartha Gautama Jena (b. 1994) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the International Academy, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=666|

text: 26666 Justinto

text: ||  || 26666 Justinto Discovered 2000 Dec. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Justin To (b. 1992) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Oak Grove High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=667|

text: 26667 Sherwinwu

text: ||  || 26667 Sherwinwu Discovered 2001 Jan. 3 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Sherwin Zhang Wu (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences project. He attends the Detroit Country Day School, Beverly Hills, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=668|

text: 26668 Tonyho

text: ||  || 26668 Tonyho Discovered 2001 Jan. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Tony Ho (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his medicine and health-sciences team project. He attends the Lynbrook High School, San Jose, California, U.S.A.|-id=671|

text: 26671 Williamlopes

text: ||  || 26671 Williamlopes Discovered 2001 Feb. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. William Lopes (b. 1989) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. He attends the Fundacao Escola Tecnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|-id=672|

text: 26672 Ericabrooke

text: ||  || 26672 Ericabrooke Discovered 2001 Feb. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Erica Brooke Portnoy (b. 1993) was awarded first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Commack High School, Commack, New York, U.S.A.|-id=679|

text: 26679 Thomassilver

text: ||  || 26679 Thomassilver Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Thomas Scott Silver (b. 1993) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. He attends the Bergen Academy for Medical Science and Technology, Hackensack, New Jersey, U.S.A.|-id=680|

text: 26680 Wangchristi

text: ||  || 26680 Wangchristi Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Wang Kun Christina (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her microbiology project. She attends the Shanghai American School, Shanghai, China.|-id=681|

text: 26681 Niezgay

text: ||  || 26681 Niezgay Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Augusto German Niez Gay (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his microbiology project. He attends the Instituto San Jose Adoratrices, Concordia, Entre Rios, Argentina.|-id=682|

text: 26682 Evanfletcher

text: ||  || 26682 Evanfletcher Discovered 2001 Mar. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Evan Haley Fletcher (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics-and-astronomy project. He attends the Kalamazoo Area Mathematics and Science Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=685|

text: 26685 Khojandi

text: ||  || 26685 Khojandi Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Aryan Iden Khojandi (b. 1991) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics-and-astronomy project. He attends the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.A.|-id=686|

text: 26686 Ellenprice

text: ||  || 26686 Ellenprice Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Ellen Marie Price (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics-and-astronomy project. She attends the Jefferson County International Baccalaureate School, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A.|-id=688|

text: 26688 Wangenevieve

text: ||  || 26688 Wangenevieve Discovered 2001 Mar. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Genevieve Ying Wang (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics-and-astronomy team project. She attends the Grosse Pointe South High School, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=689|

text: 26689 Smorrison

text: ||  || 26689 Smorrison Discovered 2001 Mar. 23 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Stephen J. Morrison (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his physics-and-astronomy team project. He attends the Grosse Pointe North High School, Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=691|

text: 26691 Lareegardner

text: ||  || 26691 Lareegardner Discovered 2001 Mar. 19 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Laree Danielle Gardner (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her physics-and-astronomy team project. She attends the Grosse Pointe North High School, Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, U.S.A.|-id=694|

text: 26694 Wenxili

text: ||  || 26694 Wenxili Discovered 2001 Mar. 16 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Wenxi Li (b. 1993) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for her plant-sciences project. She attends the Thomas Chilton Jasper High School, Plano, Texas, U.S.A.|-id=696|

text: 26696 Gechenzhang

text: ||  || 26696 Gechenzhang Discovered 2001 Mar. 18 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Gechen Zhang (b. 1992) was awarded second place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant-sciences project. He attends the Rockwood Summit High School, Fenton, Missouri, U.S.A.|-id=699|

text: 26699 Masoncole

text: ||  || 26699 Masoncole Discovered 2001 Mar. 30 by the Lincoln Laboratory Near-Earth Asteroid Research Team at Socorro. Mason Cole McFarland (b. 1992) was awarded best of category and first place in the 2010 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for his plant-sciences project. He attends the Jefferson County International Baccalaureate School, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A.|}

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

answers: NDQ_000048

answers: Maxim Ilya Wimberley

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: || Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

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answers: Founded in 1975, the Sunset Astronomical Society serves the Saginaw-Bay City-Midland tri-cities area of mid-Michigan.

text: WestConn has the only bachelor's degree program in meteorology in southern New England. It is part of the Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Meteorology. The newly revised B.S. degree program contains an option in broadcast meteorology and also preps students for graduate studies in meteorology and earth sciences and provides the necessary coursework for employment with the National Weather Service.  The Science Building on the mid-town campus houses the Meteorological Studies and Weather Center (MSWC), which provides forecasting services for industrial and media clients, along with forensic climatological and meteorological studies.  The MSWC also contains a TV studio, forecast center, and research area which support the meteorology program.

text: WestConn has the only bachelor's degree program in meteorology in southern New England. It is part of the Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Meteorology. The newly revised B.S. degree program contains an option in broadcast meteorology and also preps students for graduate studies in meteorology and earth sciences and provides the necessary coursework for employment with the National Weather Service.  The Science Building on the mid-town campus houses the Meteorological Studies and Weather Center (MSWC), which provides forecasting services for industrial and media clients, along with forensic climatological and meteorological studies.  The MSWC also contains a TV studio, forecast center, and research area which support the meteorology program.

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answers: Earth

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answers: earth sciences

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answers: forensic

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answers: ocean

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answers: Meteorologist

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answers: National Weather Service

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answers: Earth science

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answers: earth sciences

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answers: rock layers below Earths surface

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answers: Meteorology

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answers: The deepest parts of the ocean

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answers: rivers and lakes

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answers: Oceans have had relatively little impact on the humans

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answers: Earth sciences

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answers: Meteorology

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answers: Meteorological Studies and Weather Center

text: Gageo-do is meteorologically significant, due to its location near the southern limit of the Yellow Sea Cold Current.  In 2005, the South Korean government announced plans for a marine science base on the island.

text: Gageo-do is meteorologically significant, due to its location near the southern limit of the

text: Yellow Sea Cold Current

text: .  In 2005, the South Korean government announced plans for a marine science base on the island.

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answers: NDQ_000046

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answers: NDQ_000047

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answers: NDQ_000048

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answers: NDQ_000049

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answers: NDQ_000050

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answers: NDQ_000051

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answers: NDQ_000052

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answers: NDQ_000053

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answers: NDQ_000054

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answers: NDQ_000055

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answers: NDQ_000056

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answers: NDQ_000057

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answers: NDQ_000058

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answers: NDQ_000059

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answers: NDQ_000060

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answers: NDQ_000064

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answers: NDQ_000065

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answers: NDQ_000066

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answers: NDQ_000067

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answers: NDQ_000068

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answers: NDQ_000069

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