text: Following her residency in pediatrics and a fellowship in pediatric infectious disease at Johns Hopkins, O'Brien joined the bacterial Respiratory Diseases Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an Epidemic Intelligence Officer.  She returned to Johns Hopkins in 1998 to join the Center for American Indian Health where she leads the Center’s Infectious Disease group conducting clinical trials of vaccines for diseases of importance to American Indian tribes; she also serves as the Deputy Director of Research for PneumoADIP which aims to accelerate the development and introduction of pneumococcal vaccines for children globally.  She has also worked on rotavirus disease, conducting a large phase III trial of rotavirus vaccine among American Indian children.  Most recently she has completed a 6-year trial of a monoclonal antibody, motavizumab, against RSV lower and upper respiratory infections among otherwise healthy American Indian infants who are known to be a significantly increased risk of RSV hospitalization than children in the general US population.  During the PneumoADIP from 2004 to 2009, she focused on strategic issues of the pneumococcal research agenda and providing leadership to special studies such as the Pneumococcal Global Serotype Project (GSP) and the Hib and Pneumococcal Global Disease Burden Project (Hib/SP GDB). The GSP elucidates the role that different serotypes of S.pneumoniae play in causing pneumococcal disease in different regions around the world.  This research is critical to understanding pneumococcal vaccine needs and potential efficacy in different regions.  The Hib/SP GDP established far more reliable estimates of the burden of disease of both S.pneumoniae and H.influenzae on a country level globally.  This research is essential to understanding the scope of these diseases which are the leading causes of pneumonia, an illness that kills approximately 2 million children under five each and every year. Since 2009, she has served as the Deputy Director of IVAC, providing strategic direction and a leading role in projects such as the PERCH study which aims to establish pneumonia etiology among children less than 5 years of age in seven countries around the world, the PCV Dosing Landscape Project which aims to evaluate the relative impact of various PCV dosing regimens on disease, immunogenicity and colonization and to thereby provide guidance to WHO for vaccine schedule decisions, and the PCV Serotype Replacement Project aiming to more fully understand the evidence on serotype replacement following PCV implementation.

text: Following her residency in pediatrics and a fellowship in pediatric infectious disease at Johns Hopkins, O'Brien joined the bacterial Respiratory Diseases Branch at the

entity_name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: as an Epidemic Intelligence Officer.  She returned to Johns Hopkins in 1998 to join the Center for American Indian Health where she leads the Center’s Infectious Disease group conducting clinical trials of vaccines for diseases of importance to American Indian tribes; she also serves as the Deputy Director of Research for PneumoADIP which aims to accelerate the development and introduction of pneumococcal vaccines for children globally.  She has also worked on

entity_name: Rotavirus

text: rotavirus

method: UNH-qee

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answer_match: lowercase, stemmed, fuzz > 0.8

prompt_style: Can the question be answered based on the available context? choose one:

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Hib/SP GDB

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: RSV

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pneumococcal

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pneumococcal disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pneumococcal

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pneumococcal

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: H.influenzae

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: RSV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pneumonia

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: RSV lower and upper respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Pneumococcal

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: RSV

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Pneumococcal

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Epidemic Intelligence Officer

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Pneumococcal

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: RSV lower and upper respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Research for PneumoADIP

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Epidemic Intelligence Officer

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Epidemic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: monoclonal antibody

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: rotavirus

answer_match: Using FLAN-T5-Large with this prompt: For the question "{question}" the correct answer is "{correct_answer}". Is "{answer}" an equally correct response to this question? Answer yes or no.

prompt_style: provide a complete and concise answer to the question based on the context.

text: Since opportunistic infections can cause severe disease, much emphasis is placed on measures to prevent infection. Such a strategy usually includes restoration of the immune system as soon as possible, avoiding exposures to infectious agents, and using antimicrobial medications ("prophylactic medications") directed against specific infections.

text: Since opportunistic infections can cause severe disease, much emphasis is placed on measures to prevent infection. Such a strategy usually includes restoration of the immune system as soon as possible, avoiding exposures to infectious agents, and using antimicrobial medications ("prophylactic medications") directed against specific infections.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: sexually transmitted

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Opportunistic infections

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: severe disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: severe disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: severe disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: specific infections

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: opportunistic

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: antimicrobial medications

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoiding exposures to infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: antimicrobial medications

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This is the proper way to wash your hands

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: antimicrobial medications

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: opportunistic infections

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: antimicrobial

text: Some diseases are hereditary and run in families; others, such as infectious diseases, are caused by the environment. Other diseases come from a combination of genes and the environment. Genetic disorders are diseases that are caused by a single allele of a gene and are inherited in families. These include Huntington's disease, Cystic fibrosis or Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cystic fibrosis, for example, is caused by mutations in a single gene called CFTR and is inherited as a recessive trait.

text: Some diseases are hereditary and run in families; others, such as

entity_name: Infection

text: infectious disease

text: s, are caused by the environment. Other diseases come from a combination of genes and the environment.

entity_name: Genetic disorder

text: Genetic disorder

text: s are diseases that are caused by a single allele of a gene and are inherited in families. These include

entity_name: Huntington's disease

text: Huntington's disease

entity_name: Cystic fibrosis

text: Cystic fibrosis

text: or

entity_name: Duchenne muscular dystrophy

text: Duchenne muscular dystrophy

text: . Cystic fibrosis, for example, is caused by mutations in a single gene called

entity_name: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

text: CFTR

text: and is inherited as a recessive trait.

method: Bert-ConvKNRM

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: hereditary

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: the environment

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Huntington's disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Huntington's disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Hereditary and run in families

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Cystic fibrosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Some diseases are hereditary and run in families

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases are caused by the environment

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: infectious diseases are contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Hereditary and run in families

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Cystic fibrosis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Some diseases are hereditary

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: CFTR

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: CFTR

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: mutations

text: The success of vaccines and anti-virus software in preventing major outbreaks relies on the mechanism of herd immunity, also known as community immunity, where the immunization of individuals provides protection for not only the individuals, but also the community at large. In cases of biological contagions such as influenza, measles, and chicken pox, immunizing a critical community size can provide protection against the disease for members who cannot be vaccinated themselves (infants, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals). Often however these vaccine programmes require the immunization of a large majority of the population to provide herd immunity. A few successful vaccine programmes have led to the eradication of infectious diseases like small pox and rinderpest, and the near eradication of polio, which plagued the world before the second half of the 20th century.

text: The success of

entity_name: Vaccine

text: vaccines

text: and

entity_name: Antivirus software

text: anti-virus software

text: in preventing major outbreaks relies on the mechanism of

entity_name: Herd immunity

text: herd immunity

text: , also known as community immunity, where the immunization of individuals provides protection for not only the individuals, but also the community at large. In cases of biological contagions such as

entity_name: Influenza

text: influenza

entity_name: Measles

text: measles

text: , and

entity_name: Chickenpox

text: chicken pox

text: , immunizing a

entity_name: Critical community size

text: critical community size

text: can provide protection against the disease for members who cannot be vaccinated themselves (infants, pregnant women, and

entity_name: Immunodeficiency

text: immunocompromised

text: individuals). Often however these vaccine programmes require the immunization of a large majority of the population to provide herd immunity. A few successful vaccine programmes have led to the

entity_name: Eradication of infectious diseases

text: eradication of infectious diseases

text: like

entity_name: Smallpox

text: small pox

text: and

entity_name: Rinderpest

text: rinderpest

text: , and the near eradication of

entity_name: Poliomyelitis

text: polio

text: , which plagued the world before the second half of the 20th century.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagions

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: chicken pox

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: polio

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: polio

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: biological contagions

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: herd immunity

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: chicken pox

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Coughing and sneezing

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: immunization

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: small pox and rinderpest

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: biological contagions

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: In cases of biological contagions

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Herd immunity

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagions

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: contagions

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: The main concern addressed by this rule is the spread of infectious diseases like Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis, and other diseases that can be spread through the contact of blood.

text: The main concern addressed by this rule is the spread of

text: infectious diseases

text: like

entity_name: HIV

text: Human immunodeficiency virus

text: (HIV),

entity_name: Hepatitis

text: Hepatitis

text: , and other diseases that can be spread through the contact of blood.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: HIV, Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Human immunodeficiency virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: contact of blood

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact of blood

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Human immunodeficiency virus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: contact of blood

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: The word infection can denote any presence of a particular pathogen at all (no matter how little) but also is often used in a sense implying a clinically apparent infection (in other words, a case of infectious disease). This fact occasionally creates some ambiguity or prompts some usage discussion. To get around the usage annoyance, it is common for health professionals to speak of colonization (rather than infection) when they mean that some of the pathogens are present but that no clinically apparent infection (no disease) is present.

text: The word infection can

entity_name: Denotation

text: denote

text: any presence of a particular pathogen at all (no matter how little) but also is often used in a

entity_name: Word sense

text: sense

text: implying a clinically apparent infection (in other words, a case of infectious disease). This fact occasionally creates some

entity_name: Ambiguity

text: ambiguity

text: or prompts some

entity_name: Usage

text: usage

text: discussion. To get around the usage annoyance, it is common for

entity_name: Health professional

text: health professional

text: s to speak of

entity_section: Colonization

text: colonization

text: (rather than infection) when they mean that some of the pathogens are present but that no clinically apparent infection (no disease) is present.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: colonization

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: colonization

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This fact occasionally creates some ambiguity or prompts some usage discussion

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This fact occasionally creates some ambiguity or prompts some usage discussion

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Formerly rare infectious diseases have spread in rebel-held areas brought on by poor sanitation and deteriorating living conditions. The diseases have primarily affected children. These include measles, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough and the disfiguring skin disease leishmaniasis. Of particular concern is the contagious and crippling Poliomyelitis. As of late 2013 doctors and international public health agencies have reported more than 90 cases. Critics of the government complain that, even before the uprising, it contributed the spread of disease by purposefully restricting access to vaccination, sanitation and access to hygienic water in "areas considered politically unsympathetic".

text: Formerly rare

text: infectious disease

text: s have spread in rebel-held areas brought on by poor

entity_name: Sanitation

text: sanitation

text: and deteriorating living conditions. The diseases have primarily affected children. These include

text: measles

entity_name: Typhoid fever

text: typhoid

text: hepatitis

entity_name: Dysentery

text: dysentery

entity_name: Tuberculosis

text: tuberculosis

entity_name: Diphtheria

text: diphtheria

entity_name: Pertussis

text: whooping cough

text: and the disfiguring

entity_name: Cutaneous condition

text: skin disease

entity_name: Leishmaniasis

text: leishmaniasis

text: . Of particular concern is the contagious and crippling

text: Poliomyelitis

text: . As of late 2013 doctors and international public health agencies have reported more than 90 cases. Critics of the government complain that, even before the uprising, it contributed the spread of disease by purposefully restricting access to

entity_name: Vaccination

text: vaccination

text: , sanitation and access to hygienic water in "areas considered politically unsympathetic".

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: rare

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: rare infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Poliomyelitis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: typhoid

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Poliomyelitis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Poliomyelitis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: whooping cough

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Poliomyelitis

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: typhoid

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: As of late 2013 doctors and international public health agencies have reported more than 90 cases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: dysentery

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Poliomyelitis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: As of late 2013 doctors and international public health agencies have reported more than 90 cases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: typhoid

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: leishmaniasis

text: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)  is a coronavirus which infects chickens, causing the associated disease, infectious bronchitis (IB). It is a highly infectious avian pathogen which affects the respiratory tract, gut, kidney and reproductive systems of chickens.

text: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)  is a

entity_name: Coronavirus

text: coronavirus

text: which infects

entity_name: Chicken

text: chicken

text: s, causing the associated disease,

entity_name: Avian infectious bronchitis

text: infectious bronchitis

text: (IB). It is a highly infectious avian pathogen which affects the

entity_name: Respiratory tract

text: respiratory tract

entity_name: Gastrointestinal tract

text: gut

entity_name: Kidney

text: kidney

text: and

entity_name: Reproductive system

text: reproductive system

text: s of

text: chicken

text: s.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: a highly infectious avian pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: gut

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: IB

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: avian

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious bronchitis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious bronchitis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Avian pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avian

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: coronavirus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Avian infectious bronchitis virus

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious bronchitis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Medical anthropologist, epidemiologists, and clinical researchers are just beginning to understand the nature of syndemics.  There is a critical need for new research in this area. Important arenas of inquiry include the following: First, there is a need for studies that examine the processes by which syndemics emerge, including the specific sets of health and social conditions that foster the occurrence of multiple epidemics in a population and how syndemics function to produce specific kinds of health outcomes in populations.  Second, there is a need to better understand processes of interaction between specific diseases with each other and with health-related factors like malnutrition, structural violence, discrimination, stigmatization, and toxic environmental exposure that reflect oppressive social relationships.  Specifically, there is a need to identify all of the ways, directly and indirectly, that diseases can interact and have, as a result, enhanced impact on human health. Third there is a need for the development of an eco-syndemic understanding of the ways in which global warming is contributing to the spread of diseases to new areas and to the potential for new disease interactions. Already it is clear that as a result of global warming infectious diseases such as West Nile Virus are spreading to new places.  Similarly malaria is now found in new places because it is spread by particular mosquito species that are migrating to new locations as a result of changing climates.  As a consequence, diseases that did not often interact in the past---through co-infection of the same individuals within a population---may begin interacting more regularly. Finally, there is a need for a better understanding of how the public health systems and communities can best respond to and limit the health consequences of syndemics. Systems are needed to monitor the emergence of syndemics and to allow early-bird medical and public health responses designed to lessen their impact. Systematic ethno-epidemiological surveillance with populations subject to multiple social stressors must be one component of such a monitoring system. Current efforts by researchers at the CDC to expand the discussion of syndemics in public health discourse is an important step in the development of a funded research agenda that addresses these research needs. Given the nature of syndemics, this research requires a bio-cultural/social approach that attends to both clinical and social processes.

entity_name: Global warming

text: global warming

text: is contributing to the spread of diseases to new areas and to the potential for new disease interactions. Already it is clear that as a result of global warming infectious diseases such as

entity_name: West Nile fever

text: West Nile Virus

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Syndemics

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Mosquito species

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: West Nile

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: West Nile

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: West Nile

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Malaria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: West Nile

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: West Nile

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: West Nile Virus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma is a human parasite that is spread by a vector.

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Syndemics

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: West Nile

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: West Nile Virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Syndemics

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: eco-syndemic understanding

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Syndemics

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Syndemics

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: research in this area

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Syndemic

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Syndemics

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: CDC

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: mosquito species

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Virus

text: Stringent requirements of 1 in a million may not be technologically feasible or may be so prohibitively expensive as to render the risk-causing activity unsustainable, resulting in the optimal degree of intervention being a balance between risks vs. benefit. For example, emissions from hospital incinerators result in a certain number of deaths per year. However, this risk must be balanced against the alternatives.  There are public health risks, as well as economic costs, associated with all options. The risk associated with no incineration is potential spread of infectious diseases, or even no hospitals. Further investigation identifies options such as separating noninfectious from infectious wastes, or air pollution controls on a medical incinerator.

text: Stringent requirements of 1 in a million may not be technologically feasible or may be so prohibitively expensive as to render the risk-causing activity unsustainable, resulting in the optimal degree of intervention being a balance between risks vs. benefit. For example, emissions from hospital incinerators result in a certain number of deaths per year. However, this risk must be balanced against the alternatives.  There are public health risks, as well as economic costs, associated with all options. The risk associated with no

entity_name: Incineration

text: incineration

text: is potential spread of infectious diseases, or even no hospitals. Further investigation identifies options such as separating noninfectious from infectious wastes, or air pollution controls on a medical incinerator.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: incineration

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The risk associated with no incineration is potential spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: There are public health risks, as well as economic costs

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: noninfectious

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The risk associated with no incineration is potential spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The risk associated with no incineration is potential spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: There are public health risks, as well as economic costs

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The risk associated with no incineration is potential spread of infectious diseases, or even no hospitals

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases, or even no hospitals

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: There are public health risks, as well as economic costs, associated with all options

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: noninfectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: noninfectious

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Kalaupapa, a small Hawaiian Island was a legally mandated place of banishment for citizens with leprosy. “It became so after 1865, when the Kingdom of Hawaii passed “An Act to Prevent the Spread of Leprosy” and effectively defined people diagnosed with leprosy as criminals. The State of Hawaii did not repeal the law until 1969.”*2 The historian Carolyn Strange argues that the history of this island with its forced segregation, stigma and death contrasted with its present state as a tourist destination and as a sacred place for Christian pilgrimages which makes this island a symbol for human rights struggles and integration.*2  By recognizing the issues and the rights of those who were cast as criminals for simply being ill with an infectious disease and segregated against their will, it can aid present society with the future handling of people with infectious diseases; a main theme when discussing the stigmas attached to Leprosy colonies.

text: Kalaupapa

text: , a small Hawaiian Island was a legally mandated place of banishment for citizens with leprosy. “It became so after 1865, when the Kingdom of Hawaii passed “An Act to Prevent the Spread of Leprosy” and effectively defined people diagnosed with leprosy as criminals. The State of Hawaii did not repeal the law until 1969.”*2 The historian Carolyn Strange argues that the history of this island with its forced segregation, stigma and death contrasted with its present state as a tourist destination and as a sacred place for Christian pilgrimages which makes this island a symbol for human rights struggles and integration.*2  By recognizing the issues and the rights of those who were cast as criminals for simply being ill with an infectious disease and segregated against their will, it can aid present society with the future handling of people with infectious diseases; a main theme when discussing the stigmas attached to Leprosy colonies.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Leprosy

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Kalaupapa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Leprosy

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Leprosy

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It became so after 1865

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antiseptic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: leprosy

text: FI’s Drug Project (initiated in 1998) is one of the only holistic approaches for drug using youth in Cambodia. It provides a set of prevention and harm reduction services to drug using street children and youth as well as high quality services to help them recover from addictions and return to normal life through rehabilitation with family/school reintegration, and training and job placement. The Drug Project was the first established in Cambodia  to respond to the growing need for drug programs specifically targeting street youth. Currently FI is one of only three organizations in Cambodia licensed by the government to implement needle and syringe exchange programs. In 2013, 150 children/youth went through voluntary detoxification and 100,000 clean syringes were provided to drug users to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

text: FI’s Drug Project (initiated in 1998) is one of the only holistic approaches for drug using youth in Cambodia. It provides a set of prevention and harm reduction services to drug using street children and youth as well as high quality services to help them recover from addictions and return to normal life through rehabilitation with family/school reintegration, and training and job placement. The Drug Project was the first established in Cambodia  to respond to the growing need for drug programs specifically targeting street youth. Currently FI is one of only three organizations in Cambodia licensed by the government to implement needle and syringe exchange programs. In 2013, 150 children/youth went through voluntary detoxification and 100,000 clean syringes were provided to drug users to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: drug

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: needle

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 100000 clean syringes

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It provides a set of prevention and harm reduction services

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: clean syringes

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: In 2013, 150 children/youth went through voluntary detoxification

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 100,000 clean syringes

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 100,000 clean syringes were provided to drug users

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Syringes

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Syringes

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: At present, these components of hygiene tend to be regarded as separate issues, although all are based on the same underlying microbiological principles. Preventing the spread of infectious diseases means breaking the chain of infection transmission. The simple principle is that, if the chain of infection is broken, infection cannot spread. In response to the need for effective codes of hygiene in home and everyday life settings the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene has developed a risk-based approach  based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), which has come to be known as "targeted hygiene". Targeted hygiene is based on identifying the  routes of spread of pathogens in the home, and applying hygiene procedures at critical points at appropriate times to break the chain of infection.

text: At present, these components of hygiene tend to be regarded as separate issues, although all are based on the same underlying microbiological principles. Preventing the spread of infectious diseases means breaking the chain of infection transmission. The simple principle is that, if the chain of infection is broken, infection cannot spread. In response to the need for effective codes of hygiene in home and everyday life settings the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene has developed a

entity_name: Probabilistic risk assessment

text: risk-based approach

text: based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (

entity_name: Hazard analysis and critical control points

text: HACCP

text: ), which has come to be known as "targeted hygiene". Targeted hygiene is based on identifying the  routes of spread of pathogens in the home, and applying hygiene procedures at critical points at appropriate times to break the chain of infection.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microbiological

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: microbiological

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HACCP

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Preventing the spread of infectious diseases means breaking the chain of infection transmission

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: breaking the chain of infection transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: HACCP

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: hygiene procedures at critical points at appropriate times to break the chain of infection

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: HACCP

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HACCP

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Biological invasions and the spread of pathogens and diseases are two mechanisms that spread both inadvertently and purposefully. Biological invasions begin with introductions of foreign species or biota into an already existing environment. They can be spread by stowaways on ships or even as weapons in warfare. In some cases a new species may wreak havoc on a landscape, causing the loss of native species and destruction of the landscape. In other cases, the new species may fill a previously empty niche, and play a positive role. The spread of new pathogens, viruses, and diseases rarely have any positive effects; new pathogens and viruses sometimes destroy populations lacking immunities to those diseases. Some pathogens have the ability to transfer from one species to another, and may be spread as a secondary effect of a biological invasion.

entity_name: Invasive species

text: Biological invasions

text: and the spread of

entity_name: Pathogen

text: pathogen

text: s and

entity_name: Disease

text: disease

text: s are two mechanisms that spread both inadvertently and purposefully. Biological invasions begin with introductions of foreign species or biota into an already existing environment. They can be spread by stowaways on ships or even as weapons in warfare. In some cases a new species may wreak havoc on a landscape, causing the loss of native species and destruction of the landscape. In other cases, the new species may fill a previously empty niche, and play a positive role. The spread of new pathogens, viruses, and diseases rarely have any positive effects; new pathogens and viruses sometimes destroy populations lacking immunities to those diseases. Some pathogens have the ability to transfer from one species to another, and may be spread as a secondary effect of a biological invasion.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens and diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: inadvertently and purposefully

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Biological invasions

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: stowaways on ships

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens and diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Some pathogens have the ability to transfer from one species to another, and may be spread as a secondary effect of a biological invasion

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens and diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: immunities

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immunotherapy

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: It has been suggested that poor water quality due to excess nutrients encourages the spread of infectious diseases among corals. In general, the Great Barrier Reef is considered to have low incidences of coral diseases. Skeletal Eroding Band, a disease of bony corals caused by the protozoan Halofolliculina corallasia, affects 31 species of corals from six families on the reef. The long-term monitoring program has found an increase in incidences of coral disease in the period 1999-2002, although they dispute the claim that on the Great Barrier Reef, coral diseases are caused by anthropogenic pollution.

text: It has been suggested that poor water quality due to excess nutrients encourages the spread of

text: infectious disease

text: s among corals. In general, the Great Barrier Reef is considered to have low

text: incidences

text: of coral diseases.

text: Skeletal Eroding Band

text: , a disease of bony corals caused by the

text: protozoan

text: Halofolliculina corallasia

text: , affects 31 species of corals from six families on the reef. The long-term monitoring program has found an increase in incidences of coral disease in the period 1999-2002, although they dispute the claim that on the Great Barrier Reef, coral diseases are caused by

text: anthropogenic

text: pollution.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: protozoan

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: anthropogenic pollution

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: protozoan

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: protozoan

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Halofolliculina corallasia

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: protozoan Halofolliculina corallasia

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: protozoan

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: the protozoan Halofolliculina corallasia

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Skeletal Eroding Band

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: nutrient

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: protozoans

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: protozoan

text: The CDC also works on non-infectious diseases, including chronic diseases caused by obesity, physical inactivity and tobacco-use.

text: The CDC also works on non-infectious diseases, including chronic diseases caused by obesity, physical inactivity and tobacco-use.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Tobacco

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tobacco-use

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: non-infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: non-infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: non-infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Non-infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: tobacco

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: Merle Sande(September 2, 1939 – November 4, 2007) was a leading American infectious-diseases expert whose early recognition of the looming public health crisis posed by AIDS led to the development of basic protocols for how to handle infected patients. He graduated from Washington State University and received his MD degree from the University of Washington, School of Medicine in Seattle.Sande was a professor of Internal Medicine from 1971–1980 at the University of Virginia, where he performed research in mice on bacterial meningitis therapies such as novel antibiotics and corticosteroids. Dr Sande was Chief of Medical Services at San Francisco General Hospital in 1981 when he recognized a pattern of gay men being admitted with the rare pneumocystis pneumonia. His efforts on behalf of these patients resulted in the formation of an AIDS ward at San Francisco General Hospital and later an AIDS outpatient clinic. Teaming with such experts as Julie Gerberding and Paul Volberding he helped to craft what became known as the San Francisco model of AIDS therapy, a comprehensive, rational approach to care that avoided the fear and paranoia surrounding the disease at that time. The model addressed a need for infection-control guidelines, clinical studies and research financing and became a template for AIDS centers nationwide. Sande helped found to the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, which performed trials on some of the first anti-retrovirals such as zidovudine. He also helped to found the Infectious Diseases Institute at the Makerere University College of Health Sciences in Kampala, Uganda a major center for HIV education and research in Africa. Sande was a professor of Medicine at University of California, San Francisco from 1980–1996, chairman of the department internal medicine at University of Utah from 1996–2005 and Professor of medicine at University of Washington from 2005 until his death and president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America from 1993–4. He was also the editor of two highly regarded medical references "The Medical Management of AIDS." and "The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy". He also gave the always popular and well attended annual update in Infectious Diseases at the American College of Physicians annual meeting as well as the clinical case presentations at the Infectious Diseases Society of America annual meeting.Sande died from complications of Multiple Myeloma in 2007.

text: Merle Sande(September 2, 1939 – November 4, 2007) was a leading American infectious-diseases expert whose early recognition of the looming public health crisis posed by

text: AIDS

text: led to the development of basic protocols for how to handle infected patients. He graduated from

text: Washington State University

text: and received his MD degree from the

text: University of Washington

text: , School of Medicine in Seattle.Sande was a professor of Internal Medicine from 1971–1980 at the

text: University of Virginia

text: , where he performed research in mice on bacterial

text: meningitis

text: therapies such as novel antibiotics and corticosteroids. Dr Sande was Chief of Medical Services at

text: San Francisco General Hospital

text: in 1981 when he recognized a pattern of gay men being admitted with the rare

text: pneumocystis

text: pneumonia. His efforts on behalf of these patients resulted in the formation of an AIDS ward at

text: San Francisco General Hospital

text: and later an AIDS outpatient clinic. Teaming with such experts as

text: Julie Gerberding

text: and

text: Paul Volberding

text: he helped to craft what became known as the San Francisco model of AIDS therapy, a comprehensive, rational approach to care that avoided the fear and paranoia surrounding the disease at that time. The model addressed a need for infection-control guidelines, clinical studies and research financing and became a template for AIDS centers nationwide. Sande helped found to the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, which performed trials on some of the first anti-retrovirals such as

text: zidovudine

text: . He also helped to found the

text: Infectious Diseases Institute

text: at the

text: Makerere University

text: College of Health Sciences in

text: Kampala

text: , Uganda a major center for HIV education and research in Africa. Sande was a professor of Medicine at

text: University of California, San Francisco

text: from 1980–1996, chairman of the department internal medicine at

text: University of Utah

text: from 1996–2005 and Professor of medicine at

text: University of Washington

text: from 2005 until his death and president of the

text: Infectious Diseases Society of America

text: from 1993–4. He was also the editor of two highly regarded medical references "The Medical Management of AIDS." and "The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy". He also gave the always popular and well attended annual update in Infectious Diseases at the

text: American College of Physicians

text: annual meeting as well as the clinical case presentations at the

text: Infectious Diseases Society of America

text: annual meeting.Sande died from complications of

text: Multiple Myeloma

text: in 2007.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: San Francisco General Hospital

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: meningitis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bacterial meningitis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: retrovirals

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: San Francisco

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: The Medical Management of AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Sande

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pneumocystis pneumonia

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: AIDS model of AIDS therapy

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: AIDS

text: Airborne transmission of disease depends on several physical variables endemic to the infectious particle. Environmental factors influence the efficacy of airborne disease transmission; the most evident environmental conditions are temperature and relative humidity. The sum of all the factors that influence temperature and humidity, either meteorological (outdoor) or human (indoor), as well as other circumstances influencing the spread of the droplets containing the infectious particles, as winds, or human behavior, sum up the factors influencing the transmission of airborne diseases.

text: Airborne transmission of disease depends on several physical variables endemic to the infectious particle. Environmental factors influence the efficacy of airborne disease transmission; the most evident environmental conditions are temperature and relative humidity. The sum of all the factors that influence temperature and humidity, either meteorological (outdoor) or human (indoor), as well as other circumstances influencing the spread of the droplets containing the infectious particles, as winds, or human behavior, sum up the factors influencing the transmission of airborne diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Airborne

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Airborne

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious particle

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: airborne diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious particles

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: airborne diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious particle

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: droplets

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Airborne

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: a vector

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: the infectious particle

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Airborne transmission of disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Airborne

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Airborne

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Airborne transmission of disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Airborne transmission of disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Airborne

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious particle

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Airborne

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious particle

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes a journal Emerging Infectious Diseases that identifies the following factors contributing to disease emergence:

text: The U.S.

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC) publishes a journal

text: Emerging Infectious Diseases

text: that identifies the following factors contributing to disease emergence:

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: a virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Emerging Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Emerging Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: (CDC)

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Infectious diseases continue to be a leading cause of illness and death in the Greator Mekong Subregion (GMS-Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Burma and Southern China) countries, threatening sustainable development. The recent emergence of infectious diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and multi-drug resistant malaria require innovative measures to strengthen public health systems while providing the general public with the necessary tools to proactively protect their health and the health of their communities. Kenan’s public health activities emphasizes health diplomacy for cross-border collaboration on surveillance of, and response to, significant and emerging human and zoonotic infectious diseases, preparedness for pandemic influenza, control and elimination of multidrug resistant malaria, life skills-based behavior change communication and healthy tourism initiatives.

text: Infectious diseases continue to be a leading cause of illness and death in the Greator Mekong Subregion (GMS-Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Burma and Southern China) countries, threatening sustainable development. The recent emergence of infectious diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and multi-drug resistant malaria require innovative measures to strengthen public health systems while providing the general public with the necessary tools to proactively protect their health and the health of their communities. Kenan’s public health activities emphasizes health diplomacy for cross-border collaboration on surveillance of, and response to, significant and emerging human and zoonotic infectious diseases, preparedness for pandemic influenza, control and elimination of multidrug resistant malaria, life skills-based behavior change communication and healthy tourism initiatives.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: human and zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: highly pathogenic avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: multi-drug resistant malaria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: avian

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: multi-drug resistant malaria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: multi-drug resistant malaria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: multidrug resistant malaria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: highly pathogenic avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: human and zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: multidrug resistant malaria

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The recent emergence of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: highly pathogenic avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: highly pathogenic avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: HPAI) H5N1

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: multidrug resistant malaria

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: multidrug

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: drug

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: highly pathogenic

text: Levofloxacin is recommended by the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America as a first-line treatment for pediatric pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and as a second-line agent for the treatment of penicillin-sensitive cases.

text: Levofloxacin is recommended by the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America as a first-line treatment for pediatric pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and as a second-line agent for the treatment of penicillin-sensitive cases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: levofloxacin

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Streptococcus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pneumonia

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pneumonia

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pneumonia

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pneumonia

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Levofloxacin

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Levofloxacin

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Levofloxacin

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Streptococcus pneumoniae

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Levofloxacin

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Levofloxacin

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Streptococcus pneumonia

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Levofloxacin

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: penicillin

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: penicillin

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: penicillin

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: penicillin-resistant

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: penicillin-resistant

text: Globalization, the flow of information, goods, capital and people across political and geographic boundaries, has helped spread some of the deadliest infectious diseases known to humans. The spread of diseases across wide geographic scales has increased through history.  Early diseases that spread from Asia to Europe were bubonic plague, influenza of various types, and similar infectious diseases.

text: Globalization

text: , the flow of information, goods, capital and people across political and geographic boundaries, has helped spread some of the deadliest infectious diseases known to humans. The spread of diseases across wide geographic scales has increased through history.  Early diseases that spread from Asia to Europe were bubonic plague, influenza of various types, and similar infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: bubonic plague

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bubonic plague

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: bubonic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: people

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bubonic plague

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: deadly infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The spread of diseases across wide geographic scales has increased through history

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: bubonic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: bubonic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: bubonic

text: On the morning of 7 October 2000, Lukwiya received a phone call from Opira informing him that a mysterious illness had killed two of the hospital's student nurses, all of whom had begun bleeding or vomiting blood.  Opira asked Lukwiya for help and he arrived that evening, in time to witness the death of a third nursing student, Daniel Ayella.   He had head nurse Sister Maria Di Santo bring him the charts of all unusual deaths in the past two weeks and identified 17 cases with similar symptoms.  Lukwiya and Sr. Maria spent most of that night reading reports from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on infectious diseases that caused bleeding.  By the end of their review, they suspected Ebola.  The literature on Ebola, largely based on a 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Congo that had killed four (4) out of five (5) patients, stated that the sicker a patient, the more infectious they became.  Dead bodies themselves were highly contagious. Lukwiya immediately recognised this as a particular problem in Acholiland, where the traditional practice was for the bereaved family to wash the body of the deceased before burial.

text: On the morning of 7 October 2000, Lukwiya received a phone call from Opira informing him that a mysterious illness had killed two of the hospital's student nurses, all of whom had begun bleeding or vomiting blood.  Opira asked Lukwiya for help and he arrived that evening, in time to witness the death of a third nursing student, Daniel Ayella.   He had head nurse Sister Maria Di Santo bring him the charts of all unusual deaths in the past two weeks and identified 17 cases with similar symptoms.  Lukwiya and Sr. Maria spent most of that night reading reports from the US

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC) and the

text: World Health Organization

text: (WHO) on

text: infectious disease

text: s that caused bleeding.  By the end of their review, they suspected

text: Ebola

text: .  The literature on Ebola, largely based on a 1995 outbreak in

text: Kikwit

text: Congo

text: that had killed four (4) out of five (5) patients, stated that the sicker a patient, the more infectious they became.  Dead bodies themselves were highly contagious. Lukwiya immediately recognised this as a particular problem in Acholiland, where the traditional practice was for the bereaved family to wash the body of the deceased before burial.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: dead bodies

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: dead bodies themselves

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: dead bodies themselves were highly contagious

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Dead bodies themselves were highly contagious

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Dead bodies themselves were highly contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: dead bodies themselves

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Dead bodies themselves were highly contagious

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: (CDC)

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: In 1959, a system for reporting infectious diseases was established. Data collected at the village level are reported to prevention units in township hospitals. From the prevention units, data are transmitted through county health and epidemic-prevention stations to provincial centers and then on to the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine. Since 1977, the Ministry of Public Health has convened annual meetings to analyze these data on the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases.

text: In 1959, a system for reporting infectious diseases was established. Data collected at the village level are reported to prevention units in township hospitals. From the prevention units, data are transmitted through county health and epidemic-prevention stations to provincial centers and then on to the

text: Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine

text: . Since 1977, the

entity_name: Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China

text: Ministry of Public Health

text: has convened annual meetings to analyze these data on the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: System for reporting infectious diseases was established

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Medicine

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Medicine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: The disease theory is also a contender as a factor in the Classic Maya Collapse. Widespread disease could explain some rapid depopulation, both directly through the spread of infection itself and indirectly as an inhibition to recovery over the long run. According to Dunn (1968) and Shimkin (1973), infectious diseases spread by parasites are common in tropical rainforest regions, such as the Maya lowlands. Shimkin specifically suggests that the Maya may have encountered endemic infections related to American trypanosomiasis, Ascaris, and some enteropathogens that cause acute diarrheal illness. Furthermore, some experts believe that, through development of their civilization (that is, development of agriculture and settlements), the Maya could have created a "disturbed environment," in which parasitic and pathogen-carrying insects often thrive. Among the pathogens listed above, it is thought that those that cause the acute diarrheal illnesses would have been the most devastating to the Maya population. This is because such illness would have struck a victim at an early age, thereby hampering nutritional health and the natural growth and development of a child. This would have made them more susceptible to other diseases later in life.  Such ideas as this could explain the role of disease as at least a possible partial reason for the Classic Maya Collapse.

text: The

text: disease

text: theory is also a contender as a factor in the Classic Maya Collapse. Widespread disease could explain some rapid depopulation, both directly through the spread of infection itself and indirectly as an inhibition to recovery over the long run. According to Dunn (1968) and Shimkin (1973), infectious diseases spread by parasites are common in tropical rainforest regions, such as the Maya lowlands. Shimkin specifically suggests that the Maya may have encountered endemic infections related to American

text: trypanosomiasis

text: Ascaris

text: , and some

text: enteropathogen

text: s that cause acute diarrheal illness. Furthermore, some experts believe that, through development of their civilization (that is, development of agriculture and settlements), the Maya could have created a "disturbed environment," in which parasitic and pathogen-carrying insects often thrive. Among the pathogens listed above, it is thought that those that cause the acute diarrheal illnesses would have been the most devastating to the Maya population. This is because such illness would have struck a victim at an early age, thereby hampering nutritional health and the natural growth and development of a child. This would have made them more susceptible to other diseases later in life.  Such ideas as this could explain the role of disease as at least a possible partial reason for the Classic Maya Collapse.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: American trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: common in tropical rainforest regions

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: acute diarrheal illnesses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: enteropathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: American trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: acute diarrheal illnesses

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: diarrheal illness

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: acute diarrheal illnesses

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: acute diarrheal illness

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: American trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: enteropathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The disease theory is also a contender

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The disease theory is also a contender as a factor in the Classic Maya Collapse

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Some enteropathogens that cause acute diarrheal illnesses

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Disease theory is also a contender

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This would have made them more susceptible to other diseases later in life

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: American trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: acute diarrheal illnesses

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: enteropathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: nutritional health

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasites

text: Although the program was discontinued in 1973, human use research for biodefense purposes is still conducted at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick and at other government and civilian research institutes. However, these post-Whitecoat studies are rarely, if ever, human use challenge studies, in which a person is inoculated with a known pathogen to determine how effective an investigational treatment will be.

text: Although the program was discontinued in 1973,

text: human use research

text: for biodefense purposes is still conducted at the

entity_name: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

text: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

text: (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick and at other government and civilian research institutes. However, these post-Whitecoat studies are rarely, if ever,

text: human use

text: challenge studies, in which a person is inoculated with a known

text: pathogen

text: to determine how effective an investigational treatment will be.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: biodefense

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: a person

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: inoculated with a known pathogen

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The program was discontinued in 1973

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: USAMRIID

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: investigational treatment

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: biodefense

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Biosecurity has multiple meanings and is defined differently according to various disciplines. The original definition of biosecurity started out as a set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in crops and livestock, quarantined pests, invasive alien species, and living modified organisms (Koblentz, 2010). The term was first used by the agricultural and environmental communities. Starting from the late 1990s in response to the threat of biological terrorism, biosecurity encompasses the prevention of the intentional removal (theft) of biological materials from research laboratories. These preventative measures are a combination of systems and practices put into its place at bioscience laboratories to prevent the use of dangerous pathogens and toxins for malicious use, as well as by customs agents and agricultural and natural resource managers to prevent the spread of these biological agents.

text: Biosecurity has multiple meanings and is defined differently according to various disciplines. The original definition of biosecurity started out as a set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of

text: infectious disease

text: s in crops and livestock, quarantined pests,

text: invasive alien species

text: , and living modified organisms (Koblentz, 2010). The term was first used by the agricultural and environmental communities. Starting from the late 1990s in response to the threat of

text: biological terrorism

text: , biosecurity encompasses the prevention of the intentional removal (theft) of biological materials from research laboratories. These preventative measures are a combination of systems and practices put into its place at bioscience laboratories to prevent the use of dangerous pathogens and toxins for malicious use, as well as by customs agents and agricultural and natural resource managers to prevent the spread of these

text: biological agent

text: s.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pests

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: invasive alien species

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma is a human parasite that is spread by a vector

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Koblentz, 2010

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Koblentz, 2010

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens and toxins

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Koblentz, 2010

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens and toxins

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Its main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability. The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on infectious disease, food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion, injury prevention and educational activities designed to improve the health of United States citizens. In addition, the CDC researches and provides information on non-infectious diseases such as obesity and diabetes and is a founding member of the International Association of National Public Health Institutes.

text: Its main goal is to protect

text: public health

text: and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability. The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on

text: infectious disease

text: food borne pathogens

text: environmental health

text: occupational safety and health

text: health promotion

text: injury prevention

text: and educational activities designed to improve the health of

text: United States citizens

text: . In addition, the CDC researches and provides information on

text: non-infectious diseases

text: such as

text: obesity

text: and

text: diabetes

text: and is a founding member of the

entity_name: International Association of National Public Health Institutes

text: International Association of National Public Health Institutes

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: food borne

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: food borne

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: food borne

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: non-infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Its main goal is to protect public health and safety

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety and health

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The CDC focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: It especially focuses its attention on infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: CDC

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: The UK statutory notification system for infectious diseases (also called Notifications of Infectious Diseases or NOIDS) is a system whereby doctors are required to notify a "Proper Officer" of the local authority (such as a Consultant in Communicable Disease Control) if they are presented with a case of a serious infectious disease such as diphtheria or measles. The Proper Officer then sends a report to the Centre for Infections of the Health Protection Agency (HPA) in Colindale, north London.

text: The UK statutory notification system for infectious diseases (also called Notifications of Infectious Diseases or NOIDS) is a system whereby doctors are required to notify a "Proper Officer" of the local authority (such as a

text: Consultant in Communicable Disease Control

text: ) if they are presented with a case of a serious infectious disease such as

text: diphtheria

text: or

text: measles

text: . The Proper Officer then sends a report to the Centre for Infections of the

text: Health Protection Agency

text: (HPA) in

text: Colindale

text: , north

text: London

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Communicable Disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Communicable Disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: serious infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Notifications of Infectious Diseases or NOIDS

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: The UK statutory notification system for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Communicable Disease Control

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The UK statutory notification system

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: diphtheria or measles

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The UK statutory notification system for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Communicable Disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: diphtheria

text: On April 9, 1 cow was confirmed with having oral inflammation in Tsuno town. Junichi Aoki, a private veterinarian, asked Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center for authentication of symptoms. When a veterinarian and health officials from the Infectious Disease Prevention Dept. examined the animals, there was only one cow found with symptoms. For fast-spreading infectious diseases such as FMD, there was not enough evidence to confirm the disease. Consequently, this case was treated as a "wait-and-see" case. No public report was made. Details on what diagnosis was made are unknown.  In this case, the cattle had slight dribbling saliva, an ulcerous scab, and fever. Poor appetite and fever were present only for a day. In addition, four days had already passed since the recovery from one-day fever. FMD cattle usually have blisters or heavy saliva dribbling. The incubation period for FMD is about 1 week in cattle. The vet had checked the farm daily until April 12, but no cattle with symptoms were reported.　  On April 16, there was another case reported to be found on the same farm.  On April 17, after inspecting the farm, 2 more cases with the same symptoms were found. Authentication was started. According to the Prevention of Epidemics Guideline, Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center must be notified immediately when more than 2 cases are present. For that reason, Metro medias criticized the farm's delay for neglect. Some reports say 4 cattle appeared to be infected and were showing symptoms by May 31 - but this has never been confirmed.  On April 19, after the elimination of possible diagnosis for Ibaraki Disease and other disease, the samples were sent to NIAH(National Institute of Animal Health, Epidemiological Research Team ) in Kodaira City, Tokyo to confirm for FMD. It is possible the AFF was notified at this point.

text: On April 9, 1 cow was confirmed with having oral inflammation in

text: Tsuno town

text: Kodaira City

text: , Tokyo to confirm for FMD. It is possible the AFF was notified at this point.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and complete, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Ibaraki Disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ibaraki Disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: cattle

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ibaraki Disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ibaraki Disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ibaraki Disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: fast-spreading infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is possible the AFF was notified at this point

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: It is possible the AFF was notified at this point

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: It is possible the AFF was notified at this point.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: fast-spreading infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: It is possible the AFF was notified at this point

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is possible the AFF was notified at this point.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: FMD cattle usually have blisters or heavy saliva dribbling

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: FMD

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Ibaraki Disease

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: FMD

text: Acute diarrheal disease, intestinal infectious diseases, perinatal infections, malnutrition and acute respiratory infections are among the leading causes of infant death in Haiti. Infectious diseases and parasitic diseases are the most common causes of death in young children. Adolescent death is often a result of HIV/AIDS, violence, tuberculosis, typhoid and maternal death. AIDS, intestinal infections and complications during pregnancy are responsible for most maternal deaths.

text: Acute diarrheal disease, intestinal infectious diseases, perinatal infections, malnutrition and acute respiratory infections are among the leading causes of infant death in Haiti. Infectious diseases and parasitic diseases are the most common causes of death in young children. Adolescent death is often a result of HIV/AIDS, violence, tuberculosis, typhoid and maternal death. AIDS, intestinal infections and complications during pregnancy are responsible for most maternal deaths.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: parasitic diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: intestinal infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: acute respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: intestinal infections

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases and parasitic diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious diseases and parasitic diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: parasitic diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: parasitic diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV/AIDS

text: Three hypotheses of how the chytrid fungus could have caused the extinction of the golden toad were reviewed by Rohr et al. They include the spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis, the climate-linked-epidemic hypothesis, and the chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis. The spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis claims that B. dendrobatidis related decreases in population are a result of the introduction and spread of B. dendrobatidis, independent of climate changes. The climate-linked-epidemic hypothesis says the decline was a result of a climate change interacting with a pathogen. This hypothesis leads to a paradox because B. dendrobatidis is a cold-tolerant pathogen. The chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis proposes that global warming increased cloud cover in warm years, resulting in the concurrence of daytime cooling and nighttime warming, temperatures that are the optimal thermal temperature for B. dendrobatidis growth. This theory is controversial.

text: Three hypotheses of how the chytrid fungus could have caused the extinction of the golden toad were reviewed by Rohr et al. They include the spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis, the climate-linked-epidemic hypothesis, and the chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis. The spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis claims that B. dendrobatidis related decreases in population are a result of the introduction and spread of B. dendrobatidis, independent of climate changes. The climate-linked-epidemic hypothesis says the decline was a result of a climate change interacting with a pathogen. This hypothesis leads to a paradox because B. dendrobatidis is a cold-tolerant pathogen. The chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis proposes that global warming increased cloud cover in warm years, resulting in the concurrence of daytime cooling and nighttime warming, temperatures that are the optimal thermal temperature for B. dendrobatidis growth. This theory is controversial.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: a cold-tolerant pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: cold-tolerant pathogen

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: chytrid fungus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: cold-tolerant pathogen

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: chytrid fungus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: The spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: epidemic

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Today, Its main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability. The Agency (FMBA) focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on infectious disease, food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion, injury prevention and educational activities designed to improve the health of Russian citizens. In addition, the FMBA researches and provides information on non-infectious diseases. The Agency is also responsible for the Russian blood bank.

text: Today, Its main goal is to protect

text: public health

text: and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability. The Agency (FMBA) focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. It especially focuses its attention on

text: infectious disease

text: food borne pathogens

text: environmental health

text: occupational safety and health

text: health promotion

text: injury prevention

text: and educational activities designed to improve the health of

text: Russian citizens

text: . In addition, the FMBA researches and provides information on

text: non-infectious diseases

text: . The Agency is also responsible for the Russian

text: blood bank

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: food borne

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: food borne

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: disability

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: non-infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The Agency (FMBA)

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: food borne pathogens, environmental health, occupational safety and health, health promotion, injury prevention

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: food borne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The Agency (FMBA)

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: It especially focuses its attention on infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: food

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Koch accepted a position as government advisor with the Imperial Department of Health in 1880. During his time as government advisor, he published a report in which he stated the importance of pure cultures in isolating disease-causing organisms and explained the necessary steps to obtain these cultures, methods which are summarized in Koch’s four postulates. Koch’s discovery of the causative agent of anthrax led to the formation of a generic set of postulates which can be used in the determination of the cause of most infectious diseases. These postulates, which not only outlined a method for linking cause and effect of an infectious disease but also established the significance of laboratory culture of infectious agents, are listed here:

text: Koch accepted a position as government advisor with the Imperial Department of Health in 1880. During his time as government advisor, he published a report in which he stated the importance of pure cultures in isolating disease-causing organisms and explained the necessary steps to obtain these cultures, methods which are summarized in

text: Koch’s four postulates

text: . Koch’s discovery of the causative agent of anthrax led to the formation of a generic set of postulates which can be used in the determination of the cause of most infectious diseases. These postulates, which not only outlined a method for linking cause and effect of an infectious disease but also established the significance of laboratory culture of infectious agents, are listed here:

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: most infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: most infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: most infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Koch’s four postulates

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: a generic set of postulates

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Koch’s four postulates

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: most infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: anthrax

text: While referred to as a therapeutic vaccine rather than a preventive vaccine that prevents infectious disease, sipuleucel-T is instead an immunostimulant.

text: While referred to as a

text: therapeutic vaccine

text: rather than a preventive vaccine that prevents infectious disease, sipuleucel-T is instead an

text: immunostimulant

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: immunostimulant

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: therapeutic vaccine

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: sipuleucel-T

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Sipuleucel-T

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: immunostimulant

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: preventive vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Like most Verticillium spp., Verticillium longisporum is a fungus that primarily lives in the soil. The life cycle of V. longisporum is very similar to that of V. dahliae. V. longisporum is able to survive using overwintering structures that can survive in the soil, called microsclerotia. Microsclerotia are masses of hyphae that are produced in the dying part of the plant and are used to infect healthy plants. When a canola root is near the microsclerotia, the fungi will grow towards it. Root exudates cause the microsclerotia to germinate. Once the fungus has entered the root, it will produce hyphae to move through the plant. The fungi also use conidia to transport. Once the fungi reaches the xylem, it can quickly colonize the plant. This causes the plant to start slowly dying. This is due to fungal growth and plant defenses clogging the xylem, so the plant cannot take up nutrients in this area. Once there is enough dead plant tissue, the fungus will produce more microsclerotia. The process will then continue to repeat. This is the only known life cycle of V. longisporum. The pathogen is only known to cause asexual disease. The fungus is primarily spread via soil cultivation, harvesting, or any action that causes movement of the soil.Verticillium spp. do a spectacular job of being able to germinate, spread within the plant, and reproduce in most weather types. With this, water is usually necessary for the germination of the resting spore to first affect plants. This causes the disease to be most infectious during the spring when there is a lot of water in the ground and new, young plants are present.

text: Like most Verticillium spp., Verticillium longisporum is a fungus that primarily lives in the soil. The life cycle of V. longisporum is very similar to that of

text: V. dahliae

text: . V. longisporum is able to survive using overwintering structures that can survive in the soil, called

text: microsclerotia

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: asexual

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Verticillium spp

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: V. longisporum

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: asexual

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Any action that causes movement of the soil

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Verticillium longisporum

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Verticillium spp

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: conidia

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: asexual disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: plant defenses

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: spore

text: Infectious diseases arranged by name.

text: Infectious disease

text: s arranged by name.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: The polycyclic disease cycle of L. taurica is similar to that of other powdery mildew species. It overwinters (as chasmothecia) in crop residues above the soil surface. Under favorable climatic conditions, the chasmothecia open and release ascospores, which are wind-dispersed. The ascospores enter the host through its stomata, germinate, and colonize the host’s tissues with its mycelia. The pathogen then begins to produce its asexual conidia, either singly or on branched conidiophores. The conidia exit through the host’s stomata and serve as a secondary inoculum to spread disease after initial infection. In the fall, the pathogen undergoes sexual reproduction and again produces chasmothecia, its dormant, overwintering structure.

text: The polycyclic disease cycle of L. taurica is similar to that of other

text: powdery mildew

text: species. It overwinters (as

text: chasmothecia

text: ) in crop residues above the soil surface. Under favorable climatic conditions, the chasmothecia open and release

text: ascospores

text: , which are wind-dispersed. The ascospores enter the host through its stomata, germinate, and colonize the host’s tissues with its mycelia. The pathogen then begins to produce its asexual

text: conidia

text: , either singly or on branched conidiophores. The conidia exit through the host’s stomata and serve as a secondary inoculum to spread disease after initial infection. In the fall, the pathogen undergoes sexual reproduction and again produces chasmothecia, its dormant, overwintering structure.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: powdery mildew

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: powdery mildew

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: powdery mildew

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: host

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: powdery mildew

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: secondary inoculum

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The conidia exit through the host’s stomata

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The conidia exit through the host’s stomata

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The conidia exit through the host’s stomates

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: The conidia exit through the host’s stomata and serve as a secondary inoculum to spread disease

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: The polycyclic disease cycle of L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The polycyclic disease cycle of L. taurica is similar to that of other powdery mildew species

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: L. taurica

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: secondary inoculum

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: powdery mildew

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: mildew

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: crop residues

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Feline infectious anemia (FIA) is an infectious disease found in felines, causing anemia and other symptoms. The disease is caused by a variety of infectious agents, most commonly Mycoplasma haemofelis (which used to be called haemobartonella). Haemobartonella and eperythrozoon species were reclassified as mycoplasmas. Coinfection often occurs with other infectious agents, including: feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), ehrlichia species, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum.

text: Feline infectious anemia (FIA) is an

text: infectious disease

text: found in

text: felines

text: , causing

text: anemia

text: and other symptoms. The disease is caused by a variety of

text: infectious agent

text: s, most commonly

text: Mycoplasma haemofelis

text: (which used to be called haemobartonella). Haemobartonella and

text: eperythrozoon

text: species were reclassified as

text: mycoplasma

text: s.

text: Coinfection

text: often occurs with other infectious agents, including:

text: feline leukemia virus

text: (FeLV),

text: feline immunodeficiency virus

text: (FIV),

text: ehrlichia

text: species,

text: anaplasma phagocytophilum

text: , and

text: Candidatus

text: Mycoplasma haemominutum.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Feline infectious anemia

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: mycoplasmas

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Mycoplasma haemofelis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Feline infectious anemia

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Feline infectious anemia

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: feline immunodeficiency virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: felines

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: ehrlichia species

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Feline infectious anemia

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: feline immunodeficiency virus

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Mycoplasma

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Haemobartonella

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: ehrlichia species

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Mycoplasma haemofelis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Mycoplasmas

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Haemobartonella

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Haemobartonella

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Mycoplasmas

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Feline infectious anemia

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Haemobartonella

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: leukemia

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immunodeficiency virus

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: mycoplasmas

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious agents

text: Unlike animals, plants lack phagocytic cells, but many plant immune responses involve systemic chemical signals that are sent through a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs. When a part of a plant becomes infected, the plant produces a localized hypersensitive response, whereby cells at the site of infection undergo rapid apoptosis to prevent the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent. RNA silencing mechanisms are particularly important in this systemic response as they can block virus replication.

text: Unlike animals, plants lack phagocytic cells, but many plant immune responses involve systemic chemical signals that are sent through a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as

text: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

text: or PAMPs. When a part of a plant becomes infected, the plant produces a localized

text: hypersensitive response

text: , whereby cells at the site of infection undergo rapid

text: apoptosis

text: to prevent the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant.

text: Systemic acquired resistance

text: (SAR) is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant

entity_name: Disease resistance in fruit and vegetables

text: resistant

text: to a particular infectious agent.

text: RNA silencing

text: mechanisms are particularly important in this systemic response as they can block virus replication.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: RNA silencing mechanisms

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Plants lack phagocytic cells

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Animals

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: RNA silencing mechanisms

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: SAR

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: SAR

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.

text: In

text: medicine

text: public health

text: , and

text: biology

text: , transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing

text: communicable disease

text: from an infected

text: host

text: individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: host

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen causing communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: In medicine, public health, and biology

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Finlay’s lab is based in Vancouver, Canada in the Michael Smith Laboratories at the University of British Columbia, and involves a multidisciplinary research program exploring how microbes contribute to both human health and disease. The lab specifically focuses on type III secreted virulence factors from Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli, how microbiota influence infectious diarrhea outcomes, and the role of the microbiota in asthma, malnutrition, and environmental enteropathy.

text: Finlay’s lab is based in Vancouver, Canada in the Michael Smith Laboratories at the

text: University of British Columbia

text: , and involves a multidisciplinary research program exploring how microbes contribute to both human health and disease. The lab specifically focuses on type III secreted virulence factors from Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli, how microbiota influence infectious diarrhea outcomes, and the role of the microbiota in asthma, malnutrition, and environmental enteropathy.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: asthma

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: type III

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Michael Smith Laboratories

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Michael Smith Laboratories

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: microbiota

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: enteropathy

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: type III

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: type III

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Salmonella

text: Eppig, Fincher, and Thornhill (2010) state that the distance from Africa, temperature, and most importantly by a large margin, the prevalence of infectious disease predict national IQs. Education, literacy, GDP, and nutrition were not important as independent factors (although the prevalence of infectious diseases is likely greatly affected by these factors). The authors argue that "from an energetics standpoint, a developing human will have difficulty building a brain and fighting off infectious diseases at the same time, as both are very metabolically costly tasks" and that "the Flynn effect may be caused in part by the decrease in the intensity of infectious diseases as nations develop."

text: Eppig, Fincher, and Thornhill (2010) state that the distance from Africa, temperature, and most importantly by a large margin, the prevalence of

text: infectious disease

text: predict national IQs. Education, literacy, GDP, and nutrition were not important as independent factors (although the prevalence of infectious diseases is likely greatly affected by these factors). The authors argue that "from an energetics standpoint, a developing human will have difficulty building a brain and fighting off infectious diseases at the same time, as both are very metabolically costly tasks" and that "the Flynn effect may be caused in part by the decrease in the intensity of infectious diseases as nations develop."

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: African

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Africa

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: chickenpox

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: the prevalence of infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Eppig, Fincher, and Thornhill

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: prevalence of infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Eppig, Fincher, and Thornhill

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: prevalence of infectious disease predict national IQs

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: nutrition

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: African

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Initially established in 1958 with 60 beds to provide basic health facilities to the government employees, the hospital has expanded considerably and has been totally transformed over the years. This change started when it was declared as a teaching hospital attached to AIMC in 1977. Today its 1196 beds are located in 31 departments, with 27 major operation theaters and 8 minor OTs and an out patient attendance of 700 patients (on an average) per day. Fiscal constraints have led to seeking out alternative avenues of funding including philanthropic support. Changing the emphasis to preventive work is encouraged notably in the Paediatrics department to avert unnecessary infant and child deaths due to pneumonia, malnutrition, diarrhea or vaccine-preventable illnesses. Major effort is made to control major communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, viral Hepatitis B & C, HIV/AIDS and Dengue with the help of department of infectious diseases headed by Prof. Sobia Qazi (Diplomat American Board of Infectious diseases). Attempts are being made to keep the services of this tertiary care institution in line with the latest technological advances while keeping the demands within the tight fiscal resources. If financial autonomy is given in the true sense, service delivery is likely to improve further. Sophisticated laboratory and radiographical procedures, investigations and examinations are performed totally free for all the patients admitted in the hospital and in A&E department.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Tuberculosis, Malaria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Tuberculosis, Malaria

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Dengue

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Dengue

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It was declared as a teaching hospital attached to AIMC in 1977

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Major effort is made to control major communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Sophisticated laboratory and radiographical procedures, investigations and examinations

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The hospital has expanded considerably and has been totally transformed over the years

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: B & C

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Dengue

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV/AIDS

text: The PPPS is a sophisticated variety of personal protective equipment (PPE), a type of  hazmat suit, which is air-tight and designed for positive pressure to prevent contamination to the wearer even if the suit becomes damaged. BSL-4 cabinets and "Suit Laboratories" have special engineering and design features to prevent hazardous microorganisms from being disseminated into the outside environment.  These biosafety suites, where PPPSs are used, are suites of laboratory rooms which are essentially equivalent to large Class III biosafety cabinets in which the interiors of the PPPSs serve as the "outside" environment for workers. Examples include the biocontainment suites at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick, Maryland and the Maximum Containment Facility (MCF) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia.

text: The PPPS is a sophisticated variety of

text: personal protective equipment

text: (PPE), a type of

text: hazmat suit

text: , which is air-tight and designed for

text: positive pressure

text: to prevent contamination to the wearer even if the suit becomes damaged. BSL-4 cabinets and "Suit Laboratories" have special engineering and design features to prevent hazardous microorganisms from being disseminated into the outside environment.  These

text: biosafety suites

text: , where PPPSs are used, are suites of laboratory rooms which are essentially equivalent to large Class III

text: biosafety cabinet

text: s in which the interiors of the PPPSs serve as the "outside" environment for workers. Examples include the biocontainment suites at the

text: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

text: (USAMRIID) at

text: Fort Detrick, Maryland

text: and the

text: Maximum Containment Facility

text: (MCF) of the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC) in

text: Atlanta, Georgia

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: the wearer

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: BSL-4 cabinets

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: PPPS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: BSL-4 cabinets

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: BSL-4 cabinets

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: biosafety suites

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The PPPS

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: BSL-4 cabinets

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: BSL-4 cabinets

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: BSL-4 cabinets

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: BSL-4 cabinets

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: BSL-4

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: biosafety

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: microorganisms

text: For higher classes with greater amount of wealth, it is naturally assumed that they will have less of a chance of acquiring infectious diseases because they have the money to stop the spread of such diseases. Meanwhile, lower classes with less wealth will not be able to afford treatments to stop the spread of diseases and might even not be knowledgeable about dangerous diseases that they might be catching, so they are at a higher likelihood of catching and spreading various diseases.

text: For higher classes with greater amount of wealth, it is naturally assumed that they will have less of a chance of acquiring infectious diseases because they have the money to stop the spread of such diseases. Meanwhile, lower classes with less wealth will not be able to afford treatments to stop the spread of diseases and might even not be knowledgeable about dangerous diseases that they might be catching, so they are at a higher likelihood of catching and spreading various diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: lower classes with less wealth

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: acquiring infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: dangerous diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: higher classes with greater amount of wealth

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: lower classes with less wealth

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: treatments

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Longini studies stochastic processes applied to epidemiological problems. He has specialized in the mathematical and statistical theory of epidemics, which involves constructing and analyzing mathematical models of disease transmission, disease progression and the analysis of infectious disease data based on these models.  He designs and analyses vaccine and infectious disease prevention trials and observational studies.  He has worked on the analysis of epidemics of influenza, HIV, tuberculosis, cholera, dengue fever, malaria, rhinovirus, rotavirus, measles and other infectious agents.

text: Longini studies

text: stochastic process

text: es applied to epidemiological problems. He has specialized in the mathematical and statistical theory of epidemics, which involves constructing and analyzing mathematical models of disease transmission, disease progression and the analysis of infectious disease data based on these models.  He designs and analyses vaccine and infectious disease prevention trials and observational studies.  He has worked on the analysis of epidemics of influenza, HIV, tuberculosis, cholera, dengue fever, malaria, rhinovirus, rotavirus, measles and other infectious agents.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: dengue fever, malaria, rhinovirus, rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Longini studies stochastic processes applied to epidemiological problems

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: constructing and analyzing mathematical models of disease transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Longini studies stochastic processes applied to epidemiological problems

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: rotavirus, measles

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculoses

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: Furthermore, the central government revised the law on the control of infectious diseases in March 2004. The revision provides instructions to tackle infectious-disease outbreaks, improve the reporting of infectious diseases, implement interventions to control the spread of such diseases, provide clinical services, and fund the control of infectious diseases. This law directly benefited tuberculosis control by addressing the under-reporting of tuberculosis by health facilities. Tuberculosis now has to be reported to local public-health authorities within 24 hours. Because failure to report is now a crime, hospitals have begun to take the reporting of tuberculosis very seriously.

text: Furthermore, the central government revised the law on the control of infectious diseases in March 2004. The revision provides instructions to tackle infectious-disease outbreaks, improve the reporting of infectious diseases, implement interventions to control the spread of such diseases, provide clinical services, and fund the control of infectious diseases. This law directly benefited tuberculosis control by addressing the under-reporting of tuberculosis by health facilities. Tuberculosis now has to be reported to local public-health authorities within 24 hours. Because failure to report is now a

text: crime

text: , hospitals have begun to take the reporting of tuberculosis very seriously.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Tuberculosis now has to be reported to local public-health authorities within 24 hours

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Tuberculosis now has to be reported to local public-health authorities within 24 hours

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: the spread

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: interventions to control the spread

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: tuberculous

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: tuberculosis

text: Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, several are pathogenic. One of the bacterial diseases with the highest disease burden is tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia, which can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, and foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella. Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, and leprosy. Pathogenic bacteria are also the cause of high infant mortality rates in developing countries.

text: Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, several are

text: pathogenic

text: . One of the bacterial

text: disease

text: s with the highest

text: disease burden

text: is

text: tuberculosis

text: , caused by the bacterium

text: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

text: , which kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as

text: pneumonia

text: , which can be caused by bacteria such as

text: Streptococcus

text: and

text: Pseudomonas

text: , and

text: foodborne illness

text: es, which can be caused by bacteria such as

text: Shigella

text: Campylobacter

text: , and

text: Salmonella

text: . Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as

text: tetanus

text: typhoid fever

text: diphtheria

text: syphilis

text: , and

text: leprosy

text: . Pathogenic bacteria are also the cause of high

text: infant mortality

text: rates in developing countries.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Streptococcus and Pseudomonas

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Mycobacterium

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tetanus

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Streptococcus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: syphilis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Shigella

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Shigella

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: bacterial diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Mycobacterium

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogenic

text: – Infectious diseases

text: – Infectious diseases

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious diseases are diseases caused by bacteria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases can be spread by pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Tetanus and measles

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough and sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: are spread by vectors.

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: are contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases are diseases caused by viruses.

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat is a disease that can potentially be cured with antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: In March 2013, James Vaughan, the developer of Plague Inc., was invited to talk at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about Plague Inc. He spoke about how he had modeled the spread of infectious disease inside the game as well as how games like Plague Inc. can be used to inform and educate the public.

text: In March 2013, James Vaughan, the developer of Plague Inc., was invited to talk at the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC) about Plague Inc. He spoke about how he had modeled the spread of infectious disease inside the game as well as how games like Plague Inc. can be used to inform and educate the public.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Plague

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Plague Inc

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Plague Inc.

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Plague Inc.

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Plague Inc

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Plague Inc.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Plague Inc.

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: (CDC)

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Plague Inc

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Plague Inc.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: (CDC)

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: (CDC)

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Plague

text: The conformationally altered form of PrP is PrP. Some groups believe PrP is the infectious agent (prion agent) in TSEs, while other groups do not. PrP could be a neuropathological product of the disease process, a component of the infectious agent, the infectious agent itself, or something else altogether. Regardless of what its actual function in the disease state is, PrP is clearly specifically associated with the disease process, and detection of it indicates infection with the agent causing prion diseases.

text: The conformationally altered form of PrP is PrP. Some groups believe PrP is the infectious agent (prion agent) in TSEs, while other groups do not. PrP could be a

text: neuropathological

text: product of the disease process, a component of the infectious agent, the infectious agent itself, or something else altogether. Regardless of what its actual function in the disease state is, PrP is clearly specifically associated with the disease process, and detection of it indicates infection with the agent causing prion diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: The conformationally altered form of PrP is PrP

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The conformationally altered form of PrP is PrP

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The conformationally altered form of PrP

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prion

text: There is some debate among the WHO, CDC, and infectious disease experts over which diseases are classified as neglected tropical diseases.  Feasey, a researcher in neglected tropical diseases, notes 13 neglected tropical diseases: ascariasis, Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, human African trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trachoma, and trichuriasis.   Fenwick recognizes 12 "core" neglected tropical diseases: ascariasis, Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, dracunculiasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trachoma, and trichuriasis.

text: There is some debate among the

text: WHO

text: CDC

text: , and infectious disease experts over which diseases are classified as neglected tropical diseases.  Feasey, a researcher in neglected tropical diseases, notes 13 neglected tropical diseases:

text: ascariasis

text: Buruli ulcer

text: Chagas disease

text: dracunculiasis

text: hookworm

text: infection, human

text: African trypanosomiasis

text: Leishmaniasis

text: leprosy

text: lymphatic filariasis

text: onchocerciasis

text: schistosomiasis

text: trachoma

text: , and

text: trichuriasis

text: .   Fenwick recognizes 12 "core" neglected tropical diseases:

text: ascariasis

text: Buruli ulcer

text: Chagas disease

text: dracunculiasis

text: , human

text: African trypanosomiasis

text: Leishmaniasis

text: leprosy

text: lymphatic filariasis

text: onchocerciasis

text: schistosomiasis

text: trachoma

text: , and

text: trichuriasis

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: neglected tropical diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: neglected tropical diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: ascariasis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: trachoma, and trichuriasis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Buruli ulcer

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: ascariasis

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: ascariasis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: human African trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: human African trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human African trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Leishmaniasis, leprosy

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: human African trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: ascariasis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Leishmaniasis, leprosy

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: human African trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Feasey, a researcher in neglected tropical diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: trichuriasis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: ascariasis, Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, dracunculiasis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: CDC

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Leishmaniasis

text: Only some diseases such as influenza are contagious and commonly believed infectious. The micro-organisms that cause these diseases are known as pathogens and include varieties of bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi. Infectious diseases can be transmitted, e.g. by hand-to-mouth contact with infectious material on surfaces, by bites of insects or other carriers of the disease, and from contaminated water or food (often via fecal contamination), etc.  In addition, there are sexually transmitted diseases. In some cases, microorganisms that are not readily spread from person to person play a role, while other diseases can be prevented or ameliorated with appropriate nutrition or other lifestyle changes.

text: Only some diseases such as

text: influenza

text: are contagious and commonly believed infectious. The micro-organisms that cause these diseases are known as pathogens and include varieties of bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi.

text: Infectious disease

text: s can be transmitted, e.g. by hand-to-mouth contact with infectious material on surfaces, by bites of

text: insects or other carriers

text: of the disease, and from contaminated water or food (often via

text: fecal

text: contamination), etc.  In addition, there are

text: sexually transmitted disease

text: s. In some cases,

text: microorganism

text: s that are not readily spread from person to person play a role, while other diseases can be prevented or ameliorated with appropriate

text: nutrition

text: or other lifestyle changes.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: sexually transmitted

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacteria, viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Infectious diseases can be transmitted

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: hand-to-mouth contact

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious diseases can be transmitted

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: micro-organisms that cause these diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases can be transmitted

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious diseases can be transmitted

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases can be transmitted

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: carriers

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: nutrition

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: viruses

text: The family and CDC Filoviridae (members are called Filovirus) is the taxonomic home of several related viruses that form filamentous infectious viral particles (virions), and encode their genome in the form of single-stranded negative-sense RNA. Two members of the family that are commonly known are Ebola virus and Marburg virus. Both viruses, and some of their lesser known relatives, cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fevers. All ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are Select Agents, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents, and listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group. It is expected that cuevaviruses  will be classified in a similar way in the near future.

text: The

entity_name: International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

text: family

text: and CDC Filoviridae (members are called Filovirus) is the

text: taxonomic

text: home of several related

text: virus

text: es that form filamentous infectious viral particles (

text: virion

text: s), and encode their genome in the form of

entity_section: Group V.E2.80.94negative-sense ssRNA viruses

text: single-stranded negative-sense RNA

text: . Two members of the family that are commonly known are

text: Ebola virus

text: and

text: Marburg virus

text: . Both viruses, and some of their lesser known relatives, cause severe

text: disease

text: in

text: human

text: s and nonhuman

text: primates

text: in the form of

text: viral hemorrhagic fever

text: s. All

text: ebolavirus

text: es and

text: marburgvirus

text: es are

text: Select Agent

text: s,

text: World Health Organization

text: Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring

text: Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment

text: National Institutes of Health

entity_name: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: Category A Priority Pathogens,

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: Category A Bioterrorism Agents

text: , and listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the

text: Australia Group

text: . It is expected that

text: cuevavirus

text: es  will be classified in a similar way in the near future.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ebola virus and Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: nonhuman primates

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: CDC Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Ebola virus and Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Cuevaviruses

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The family and CDC Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: humans and nonhuman primates

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The family and CDC Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: List of Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Bioterrorism Agents

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Filoviridae

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Pathogens are often spread from wastewater reused for irrigation, from live animals in close proximity to dense human populations, and the disposal or sale of manure. Crops are an opportunity to reuse urban waste productively, and wastewater as an irrigation source in particular has been explored by some cities to conserve water. If not treated properly before application, this wastewater can contaminate crops or surrounding vegetation with pathogens that make them unsafe for human consumption.  This is a food safety concern especially in markets with unlicensed vendors and missing enforcement of safety regulations, which are common venues for small urban and peri-urban farmers.

text: Pathogens

text: are often spread from wastewater reused for

text: irrigation

text: , from live animals in close proximity to dense human populations, and the disposal or sale of manure. Crops are an opportunity to reuse urban waste productively, and

text: wastewater

text: as an

text: irrigation

text: source in particular has been explored by some cities to conserve water. If not treated properly before application, this wastewater can contaminate crops or surrounding vegetation with pathogens that make them unsafe for human consumption.  This is a food safety concern especially in markets with unlicensed vendors and missing enforcement of safety regulations, which are common venues for small urban and peri-urban farmers.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: live animals

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: live animals

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: live animals

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: live animals

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: wastewater reused for irrigation

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: live animals

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: this wastewater can contaminate crops or surrounding vegetation with pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: If not treated properly before application

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: live animals

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: If not treated properly

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: If not treated properly before application

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: food safety

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: safety regulations

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Pathogens

text: There has also been a recent push by the PDES community into the realm of continuous simulation.  For example, Fujimoto and Perumalla, working with Tang et al. have implemented an RC model of particle-in-cell and demonstrated excellent speedup over continuous simulation for models of light as a particle.  Bauer and Page demonstrated excellent speedup for an RC Transmission Line Matrix model (P.B. Johns, 1971), modeling light as a wave at microwave frequencies.  Bauer also created an RC variant of SEIR that generates enormous improvement over continuous models in the area of infectious disease spread.  In addition, the RC SEIR model is capable of modeling multiple diseases efficiently, whereas the continuous model explodes exponentially with respect to the number of combinations of diseases possible throughout the population.

text: There has also been a recent push by the PDES community into the realm of continuous simulation.  For example, Fujimoto and Perumalla, working with Tang et al. have implemented an RC model of particle-in-cell and demonstrated excellent speedup over continuous simulation for models of light as a particle.  Bauer and Page demonstrated excellent speedup for an RC Transmission Line Matrix model (P.B. Johns, 1971), modeling light as a wave at microwave frequencies.  Bauer also created an RC variant of

text: SEIR

text: that generates enormous improvement over continuous models in the area of infectious disease spread.  In addition, the RC SEIR model is capable of modeling multiple diseases efficiently, whereas the continuous model explodes exponentially with respect to the number of combinations of diseases possible throughout the population.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious disease spread

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Multiple diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: PDES community

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: SEIR

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: RC variant of SEIR

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: RC variant of SEIR

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: RC variant of SEIR

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious disease spread

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: RC variant of SEIR

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: PDES community

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease spread

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: PDES

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: SEIR

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: PulseNet is a network run by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which brings together public health and food regulatory agency laboratories around the United States. Through the network, cooperating groups can share pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results which act as fingerprints to distinguish strains of organisms such as E. coli (O157:H7 and non O157), Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Yersinia pestis. In this way, efforts to combat infectious disease outbreaks are strengthened. Specifically, by sharing results, it is easier to identify large scale outbreaks. For example, if an outbreak of E. coli occurred in two distant parts of the country, PulseNet might help prove a link between the two. In such a case, the pathogen would have the same genetic fingerprint at both locations.

text: PulseNet is a network run by the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC) which brings together

text: public health

text: and food regulatory agency laboratories around the

text: United States

text: . Through the network, cooperating groups can share

text: pulsed field gel electrophoresis

text: (PFGE) results which act as

text: fingerprints

text: to distinguish strains of organisms such as

text: E. coli

text: (O157:H7 and non O157),

text: Salmonella

text: Shigella

text: Listeria

text: Campylobacter

text: Vibrio cholerae

text: Vibrio parahaemolyticus

text: and

text: Yersinia pestis

text: . In this way, efforts to combat

text: infectious disease

text: outbreak

text: s are strengthened. Specifically, by sharing results, it is easier to identify large scale outbreaks. For example, if an outbreak of E. coli occurred in two distant parts of the country, PulseNet might help prove a link between the two. In such a case, the

text: pathogen

text: would have the same genetic fingerprint at both locations.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: E. coli (O157:H7 and non O157)

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Vibrio parahaemolyticus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Vibrio cholerae

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: PulseNet

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen would have the same genetic fingerprint at both locations

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: PulseNet

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: PulseNet

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: PulseNet

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Vibrio cholerae

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: PulseNet

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Vibrio cholerae

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: CDC

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Yersinia pestis

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: From 1983 to 1994 Nash served as Vice President for infectious disease and oncology at Schering Plough Research Institute. During that time, he was involved in the discovery and development of numerous biological agents, antibiotics, and antifungals. Previously, he was Head of Biological Research at Sterling Drug, Head of Infectious Disease at SmithKline Beecham, and Head of Fermentation Technology Group at Eli Lilly.

text: From 1983 to 1994 Nash served as Vice President for infectious disease and oncology at

text: Schering Plough

text: Research Institute. During that time, he was involved in the discovery and development of numerous biological agents, antibiotics, and antifungals. Previously, he was Head of Biological Research at

text: Sterling Drug

text: , Head of Infectious Disease at

text: SmithKline Beecham

text: , and Head of Fermentation Technology Group at

text: Eli Lilly

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: oncology

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: biological agents

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: antifungals

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: oncology

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: antifungals

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Nash

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious Disease at SmithKline Beecham

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: biological agents

text: A natural reservoir or nidus (the latter from the Latin word for "nest") is the long-term host of a pathogen of an infectious disease. Hosts often do not get the disease carried by the pathogen, or it is carried as a subclinical infection and so is asymptomatic and non-lethal. Once discovered, natural reservoirs elucidate the complete life cycle of infectious diseases, providing effective prevention and control.

text: A natural reservoir or nidus (the latter from the Latin word for "nest") is the long-term

text: host

text: of a

text: pathogen

text: of an

text: infectious disease

text: . Hosts often do not get the disease carried by the pathogen, or it is carried as a

text: subclinical infection

text: and so is

text: asymptomatic

text: and non-lethal. Once discovered, natural reservoirs elucidate the complete life cycle of infectious diseases, providing effective

text: prevention

text: and control.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: natural reservoir

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: nidus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: natural reservoirs

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Hosts

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: subclinical infection

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Hosts often do not get the disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Hosts

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The latter from the Latin word for "nest"

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: control

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: control

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: In disease biology, pathogens are said to generate infectious propagules, the units that transmit a disease. These can refer to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists, and can be contained within host material. For instance, for influenza, the infectious propagules are carried in droplets of host saliva or mucus that are expelled during coughing or sneezing.

text: In disease biology,

text: pathogen

text: s are said to generate infectious propagules, the units that transmit a

text: disease

text: . These can refer to

text: bacteria

text: viruses

text: fungi

text: , or

text: protists

text: , and can be contained within host material. For instance, for

text: influenza

text: , the infectious propagules are carried in droplets of host

text: saliva

text: or

text: mucus

text: that are expelled during coughing or sneezing.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses, fungi

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It does not say.

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious propagules

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This can refer to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens are said to generate infectious propagules

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: propagules

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: mucus

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Humans have inhabited what is now Upshur county since at least 10,000 years ago.  The Caddoan people lived in this area, but were driven out about 1750, probably due to losses from new infectious diseases.

text: Humans have inhabited what is now Upshur county since at least 10,000 years ago.  The

text: Caddoan

text: people lived in this area, but were driven out about 1750, probably due to losses from new infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Humans

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: new infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: new infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: What is now Upshur county

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Upshur county

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Infectious Disease

text: Infectious Disease

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens that cause human diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Tetanus and measles are human viral infections.

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Coughing and sneezing

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: is contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: The common cold is caused by a virus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: is the proper way to wash your hands

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strep throat can potentially be cured with antibiotics.

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: The virulence of the pathogen implies the production of polysaccharide capsular layer, and extracellular products, and is also depending on iron availability (Lopez-Doriga et al., 2000). The bacteria spreads via infected phagocytes, mainly macrophages. This spread can be rapid, and lethal effects may occur within a few days of challenge, affecting tissues containing large numbers of the pathogens (Evelyn, 1996).

text: The virulence of the pathogen implies the production of polysaccharide capsular layer, and extracellular products, and is also depending on iron availability (Lopez-Doriga et al., 2000). The bacteria spreads via infected phagocytes, mainly macrophages. This spread can be rapid, and lethal effects may occur within a few days of challenge, affecting tissues containing large numbers of the pathogens (Evelyn, 1996).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: lethal effects

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: lethal effects

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: lethal

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: macrophages

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: The bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: iron availability

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: lethal

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infected phagocytes

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: phagocytes, mainly macrophages

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: This spread can be rapid

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: The bacteria

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This spread can be rapid

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: infected phagocytes, mainly macrophages

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: phagocytes, mainly macrophages

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This spread can be rapid, and lethal effects may occur within a few days

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: bacteria spreads via infected phagocytes

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: phagocytes

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: lethal

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Infection in childcare is the spread of infection during childcare, typically because of contact among children in daycare or school. This happens when groups of children meet in a childcare environment, and there any individual with an infectious disease may spread it to the entire group. Commonly spread diseases include influenza-like illness and enteric illnesses, such as diarrhea among babies using diapers. It is uncertain how these diseases spread, but hand washing reduces some risk of transmission and increasing hygiene in other ways also reduces risk of infection.

text: Infection in childcare is the spread of

text: infection

text: during

text: childcare

text: , typically because of contact among children in

text: daycare

text: or

text: school

text: . This happens when groups of children meet in a childcare environment, and there any individual with an infectious disease may spread it to the entire group. Commonly spread diseases include

text: influenza-like illness

text: and enteric illnesses, such as diarrhea among babies using diapers. It is uncertain how these diseases spread, but

text: hand washing

text: reduces some risk of transmission and increasing hygiene in other ways also reduces risk of infection.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Commonly spread diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: enteric illnesses

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: enteric illnesses

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: individual

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: enteric illnesses

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: enteric illnesses

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Hand washing reduces some risk of transmission

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: It is uncertain how these diseases spread

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: It is uncertain how these diseases spread

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: contact among children in daycare or school

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: hand washing

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infection in childcare

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: It is uncertain how these diseases spread

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: individual

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: hand washing

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: influenza

text: The statutory requirement for the notification of certain infectious diseases first came into being with the Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act in 1899, which was compulsory in London and optional in the provinces. Cases of smallpox, cholera, diphtheria, membranous croup. erysipelas, scarlatina or scarlet fever, typhus fever, typhoid fever, enteric fever, relapsing fever, continued fever and puerperal fever had to be reported by the household head or attending doctor to the local authority. The system spread to the rest of England and Wales in 1899 with the Infectious Diseases (Extension) Act. Householders or general practitioners who failed to notify a case of one of these diseases was liable to a fine of up to forty shillings. Following receipt of a notification certificate, the local sanitary authority could pursue existing public health laws, such as the Public Health Act 1875, to isolate patients in hospital, disinfect property and belongings, suspend schooling, and temporarily close businesses.

text: The statutory requirement for the notification of certain infectious diseases first came into being with the Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act in 1899, which was compulsory in

text: London

text: and optional in the provinces. Cases of

text: smallpox

text: cholera

text: diphtheria

text: , membranous croup.

text: erysipelas

text: scarlatina

text: or

text: scarlet fever

text: typhus fever

text: typhoid fever

text: enteric fever

text: relapsing fever

text: , continued fever and

text: puerperal fever

text: had to be reported by the household head or attending doctor to the local authority. The system spread to the rest of England and Wales in 1899 with the Infectious Diseases (Extension) Act. Householders or general practitioners who failed to notify a case of one of these diseases was liable to a fine of up to forty shillings. Following receipt of a notification certificate, the local sanitary authority could pursue existing public health laws, such as the

text: Public Health Act 1875

text: , to isolate patients in hospital, disinfect property and belongings, suspend schooling, and temporarily close businesses.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: puerperal

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: membranous croup

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: typhoid fever

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: puerperal fever

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: membranous croup

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: erysipelas

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Householders or general practitioners who failed to notify a case of one of these diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Diseases (Notification) Act

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: membranous croup

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: smallpox, cholera, diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: disinfection

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: smallpox

text: Partner services are important because in some cases a person's health problems are partially caused or sustained by other people.  A common example would be that a person visits a doctor because he has an infectious disease.  If that disease is also contagious, then that person's close associates may also have the disease.  If a physician were to only treat the person who initially requests treatment, then the disease may remain in the community.  Instead, principles of partner services dictate that health care should treat all members of a group which transmits infection.

text: Partner services are important because in some cases a person's health problems are partially caused or sustained by other people.  A common example would be that a person visits a doctor because he has an

text: infectious disease

text: .  If that disease is also contagious, then that person's close associates may also have the disease.  If a

text: physician

text: were to only treat the person who initially requests treatment, then the disease may remain in the community.  Instead, principles of partner services dictate that health care should treat all members of a group which transmits infection.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: other people

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: close associate

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: health care should treat all members of a group which transmits infection

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: health care should treat all members

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: health care should treat all members of a group which transmits infection

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: health care should treat all members

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious diseases are contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: health care should treat all members of a group which transmits infection

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: partner services

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: People with neglected tropical diseases reside almost entirely in developing countries, resulting in limited profit incentives for private developed-country drug companies to invest in treatment candidates.  Some infectious diseases are only sporadic threats, providing little opportunity for profit in advances of an outbreak, but necessitating immediate response when one occurs.  Pointing out these market failures and access problems created by patent monopolies, some critics have proposed patent reforms or replacement funding mechanisms such as prizes as an alternative to patents.  A similar funding mechanism is a guaranteed-purchase announcement, or stockpiling as with the U.S. Strategic National Stockpile.  Infectious diseases that pose an international threat as natural epidemics or bioweapons, such as Ebola or anthrax receive government funding to develop vaccines and respond to outbreaks, either through grants to independent labs or through agencies like the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Neglected diseases and others of concern to developing countries receive direct research and production funding through international aid programs like the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, donations from pharmaceutical companies, and non-profits like the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Carter Center, the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, and the International Trachoma Initiative.

text: People with

text: neglected tropical diseases

text: reside almost entirely in developing countries, resulting in limited profit incentives for private developed-country drug companies to invest in treatment candidates.  Some infectious diseases are only sporadic threats, providing little opportunity for profit in advances of an outbreak, but necessitating immediate response when one occurs.  Pointing out these market failures and access problems created by patent monopolies, some critics have proposed patent reforms or replacement funding mechanisms such as

text: prizes as an alternative to patents

text: .  A similar funding mechanism is a guaranteed-purchase announcement, or stockpiling as with the U.S.

text: Strategic National Stockpile

text: .  Infectious diseases that pose an international threat as natural epidemics or bioweapons, such as

text: Ebola

text: or

text: anthrax

text: receive government funding to develop vaccines and respond to outbreaks, either through grants to independent labs or through agencies like the U.S.

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: .  Neglected diseases and others of concern to developing countries receive direct research and production funding through international aid programs like the U.S.

entity_name: President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

text: President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

text: , donations from pharmaceutical companies, and non-profits like the

text: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

text: , the

text: Carter Center

text: , the

text: Schistosomiasis Control Initiative

text: , and the

text: International Trachoma Initiative

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: neglected tropical diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ebola or anthrax

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: bioweapon

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Ebola or anthrax

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Ebola or anthrax

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Some infectious diseases are only sporadic threats

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Ebola or anthrax

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Ebola or anthrax

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: People with neglected tropical diseases reside almost entirely in developing countries

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious diseases that pose an international threat as natural epidemics or bioweapons

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: The International Trachoma Initiative

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Schistosomiasis Control Initiative

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: tropical

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: Chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a nonhyphal zoosporic fungus.  Chytridiomycosis has been linked to dramatic population declines or even extinctions of amphibian species in western North America, Central America, South America, eastern Australia, and Dominica and Montserrat in the Caribbean. Much of the New World is also at risk of the disease arriving within the coming years. The fungus is capable of causing sporadic deaths in some amphibian populations and 100% mortality in others.  No effective measure is known for control of the disease in wild populations.  Various  clinical signs are seen by individuals affected by the disease.  A number of options are possible for controlling this disease-causing fungus, though none has proved to be feasible on a large scale.  The disease has been proposed as a contributing factor to a global decline in amphibian populations that apparently has affected about 30% of the amphibian species of the world.

text: Chytridiomycosis is an

text: infectious disease

text: in

text: amphibians

text: , caused by the

text: chytrid

text: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

text: , a nonhyphal zoosporic

text: fungus

text: .  Chytridiomycosis has been linked to dramatic population

text: declines

text: or even extinctions of amphibian species in western

text: North America

text: Central America

text: South America

text: , eastern

text: Australia

text: , and

text: Dominica

text: and

text: Montserrat

text: in the

text: Caribbean

text: . Much of the New World is also at risk of the disease arriving within the coming years. The fungus is capable of causing sporadic deaths in some amphibian populations and 100% mortality in others.  No effective measure is known for control of the disease in wild populations.  Various  clinical signs are seen by individuals affected by the disease.  A number of options are possible for controlling this disease-causing fungus, though none has proved to be feasible on a large scale.  The disease has been proposed as a contributing factor to a global

text: decline in amphibian populations

text: that apparently has affected about 30% of the amphibian species of the world.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: zoosporic fungus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: zoosporic fungus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: nonhyphal zoosporic fungus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: polio

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Chytridiomycosis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: zoosporic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Bactrim

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: effective measure

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: zoosporic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: zoosporic

text: The Infectious Diseases Programs leads APHL’s efforts on HIV, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, and influenza.  When new infectious diseases emerge, like the 2009 spread of H1N1, APHL supports crisis response by facilitating rapid transfer of credible information, and technical guidance from federal agencies to state and local laboratories.

text: The Infectious Diseases Programs leads APHL’s efforts on

text: HIV

text: tuberculosis

text: sexually transmitted diseases

text: , and

text: influenza

text: .  When new infectious diseases emerge, like the 2009 spread of

text: , APHL supports crisis response by facilitating rapid transfer of credible information, and technical guidance from federal agencies to state and local laboratories.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: sexually

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: sexually

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: HIV, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, and influenza

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmitted

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: The Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) is a center within the University of Minnesota that focuses on addressing public health preparedness and emerging infectious disease response. It was founded in 2001 by Michael Osterholm, PhD, MPH, in order to "prevent illness and death from infectious diseases through epidemiological research and rapid translation of scientific information into real-world practical applications and solutions".

text: The Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) is a center within the

text: University of Minnesota

text: that focuses on addressing public health preparedness and emerging infectious disease response. It was founded in 2001 by

text: Michael Osterholm

text: , PhD, MPH, in order to "prevent illness and death from infectious diseases through epidemiological research and rapid translation of scientific information into real-world practical applications and solutions".

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: emerging infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It was founded in 2001

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Disease Research and Policy

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research (SVI) is an independent Australian medical research institute located in , Melbourne, Victoria. The Institute conducts medical research into the cause, prevention and treatment of diseases that are common and have serious effects on health. These include type 1 diabetes, obesity, heart disease and type 2 diabetes, arthritis and osteoporosis, cancer and the spread of cancer, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS and Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.

text: St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research (SVI) is an independent Australian

text: medical research

text: institute

text: located in ,

text: Melbourne

text: Victoria

text: . The Institute conducts medical research into the cause, prevention and treatment of diseases that are common and have serious effects on health. These include

text: type 1 diabetes

text: obesity

text: heart disease

text: and

text: type 2 diabetes

text: arthritis

text: and

text: osteoporosis

text: cancer

text: and the spread of cancer, infectious diseases such as

text: hepatitis

text: and

text: AIDS

text: and

text: Alzheimer's disease

text: and other neurological disorders.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Australian

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Alzheimer's disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The Institute conducts medical research

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Hepatitis and AIDS

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: St Vincent's Institute

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Hepatitis and AIDS

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: AIDS

text: The gut is home to an extremely complex microbiome of healthy and unhealthy bacteria. The immune system’s primary home is in the gut; so gastrointestinal microbiota has a direct effect on the body’s immune responses. Without a regular microbiota, the body is more susceptible to infectious and non-infectious diseases. A great diversity of symbiotic bacteria is necessary for animals to have fundamental nutrients, digest certain compounds, protect against outside pathogens, and create a healthy intestinal structure. An equilibrium of symbionts and pathobionts is critical to fight off outside pathogens and avoid inflammatory bowel disease. As we understand more about the roles of microbes in the gut, researchers will be able to discover more treatments like probiotics that can fill in niches of good bacteria to increase intestinal health and improve the immune system. Heightening the robustness and diversity of bacteria flora in the gut aids in averting allergies, autoimmune disease, and cancer. There is still much to learn about the details of interactions between microbes and hosts in the gastrointestinal tract, but research on symbionts like Lactobacillus reuteri help us understand how changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome can promote health.

text: The gut is home to an extremely complex

text: microbiome

text: of healthy and unhealthy

text: bacteria

text: . The immune system’s primary home is in the gut; so gastrointestinal

text: microbiota

text: has a direct effect on the body’s immune responses. Without a regular microbiota, the body is more susceptible to infectious and non-infectious

text: diseases

text: . A great diversity of symbiotic bacteria is necessary for animals to have fundamental

text: nutrients

text: , digest certain compounds, protect against outside

text: pathogens

text: , and create a healthy intestinal structure. An equilibrium of

text: symbionts

text: and

text: pathobionts

text: is critical to fight off outside pathogens and avoid

text: inflammatory bowel disease

text: . As we understand more about the roles of

text: microbes

text: in the gut, researchers will be able to discover more treatments like

text: probiotics

text: that can fill in niches of good bacteria to increase intestinal health and improve the

text: immune system

text: . Heightening the robustness and diversity of bacteria flora in the gut aids in averting

text: allergies

text: autoimmune disease

text: , and

text: cancer

text: . There is still much to learn about the details of interactions between microbes and hosts in the

text: gastrointestinal tract

text: , but research on symbionts like

text: Lactobacillus reuteri

text: help us understand how changes in the gastrointestinal

text: microbiome

text: can promote health.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: inflammatory bowel disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: outside pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: inflammation bowel disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: inflammatory bowel disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: inflammatory bowel

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathobionts

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Without a regular microbiota, the body is more susceptible

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: The gut is home to an extremely complex microbiome of healthy and unhealthy bacteria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Without a regular microbiota

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Lactobacillus reuteri

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: symbionts

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: inflammatory bowel disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: The immune system’s primary home is in the gut

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: The immune system’s primary home

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The immune system’s primary home is in the gut

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: The immune system’s primary home is in the gut

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Lactobacillus reuteri

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathobionts

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: autoimmune disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: probiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: probiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathobionts

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: P. acidilactici can function as an immune modulator. Animals fed with P. acidilactici have shown enhanced immune responses against infectious coccidioidal diseases.

text: P. acidilactici can function as an immune modulator. Animals fed with P. acidilactici have shown enhanced immune responses against infectious coccidioidal diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: coccidioidal diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: coccidioidal diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: coccidioidal diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: coccidioidal diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: coccidioidal

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: coccidioidal

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: coccidioidal diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: coccidioidal diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: coccidioidal diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: P. acidilactici

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: coccidioidal

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: coccidioidal

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immune modulator

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: coccidioidal

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: coccidioidal

text: Transmission-based precautions are additional infection control precautions in health care, and the latest routine infection prevention and control practices applied for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain epidemiologically important pathogens. The latter require additional control measures to effectively prevent transmission.

text: Transmission-based precautions are additional

text: infection control

text: precautions in health care, and the latest routine infection prevention and control practices applied for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain

text: epidemiologically

text: important

text: pathogen

text: s. The latter require additional control measures to effectively prevent transmission.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Transmission

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Transmission

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Transmission

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Transmission

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: agents

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Sphaceloma perseae is a plant-pathogenic fungus in the Ascomycota phylum. It infects the avocado plant (Persea americana), a tree native to Central America and Mexico. Currently there are three cultivars of avocados in large-scale agricultural production: Guatemalan, Mexican, and West Indian. The pathogen is currently limited to the P. Americana species but is able to infect all three cultivars. The resulting disease is known as avocado scab for the symptoms which are present on the fruit of the avocado tree. It is believed that the disease developed in Florida in the early twentieth century and is related to citrus scab, Elsinoe fawcetti. Since then, S.perseae has spread to many regions worldwide that support cultivation of the avocado tree. This pathogen threatens the global avocado market, including both importers and exporters of the crop. Countries which import avocados, including the United States, have experienced a rising demand over the past decade which is projected to continue for years to come. An understanding of avocado scab characteristics and feasible prevention methods is essential to maintenance of cultures and economies influenced by the avocado fruit.

text: Sphaceloma perseae is a plant-pathogenic

text: fungus

text: in the

text: Ascomycota

text: phylum. It infects the

text: avocado

text: plant (Persea americana), a tree native to Central America and Mexico. Currently there are three

text: cultivar

text: s of avocados in large-scale agricultural production: Guatemalan, Mexican, and West Indian. The pathogen is currently limited to the P. Americana species but is able to infect all three cultivars. The resulting disease is known as avocado scab for the symptoms which are present on the fruit of the avocado tree. It is believed that the disease developed in Florida in the early twentieth century and is related to citrus scab,

text: Elsinoe fawcetti

text: . Since then, S.perseae has spread to many regions worldwide that support cultivation of the avocado tree. This pathogen threatens the global avocado market, including both importers and exporters of the crop. Countries which import avocados, including the United States, have experienced a rising demand over the past decade which is projected to continue for years to come. An understanding of avocado scab characteristics and feasible prevention methods is essential to maintenance of cultures and economies influenced by the avocado fruit.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: plant-pathogenic fungus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ascomycota

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: citrus scab

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: avocado scab

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: plant-pathogenic fungus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: citrus scab

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: avocado scab

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: citrus scab

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: plant-pathogenic fungus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: plant-pathogenic fungus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: plant-pathogenic fungus

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Ascomycota phylum

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Sphaceloma perseae

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Ascomycota

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: avocado scab

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: scab

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: prevention methods

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Ascomycota

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogenic

text: Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low interaction between discrete hubs, the disease can jump to and spread in a susceptible hub via a single or few interactions with an infected hub. Thus, infection rates in small-world networks can be reduced somewhat if interactions between individuals within infected hubs are eliminated (Figure 1). However, infection rates can be drastically reduced if the main focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps between hubs. The use of needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users with HIV is an example of the successful implementation of this treatment method.  Another example is the use of ring culling or vaccination of potentially susceptible livestock in adjacent farms to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus in 2001.

text: Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of

text: small-world networks

text: . In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low interaction between discrete hubs, the disease can jump to and spread in a susceptible hub via a single or few interactions with an infected hub. Thus, infection rates in small-world networks can be reduced somewhat if interactions between individuals within infected hubs are eliminated (Figure 1). However, infection rates can be drastically reduced if the main focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps between hubs. The use of needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users with HIV is an example of the successful implementation of this treatment method.  Another example is the use of ring culling or vaccination of potentially susceptible livestock in adjacent farms to prevent the spread of the

text: foot-and-mouth

text: virus in 2001.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: foot-and-mouth

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infected individuals

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: foot-and-mouth virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: foot-and-mouth

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: foot-and-mouth virus

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: The foot-and-mouth virus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: disease can jump to and spread in a susceptible hub via a single or few interactions with an infected hub

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: foot-and-mouth virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough and sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: infection rates can be drastically reduced if the main focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps between hubs

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: The use of needle exchange programs

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: small-world networks

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: effective way to decrease the transmission rate

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: foot-and-mouth virus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: The island was the site of an infectious diseases hospital until the end of the twentieth century.

text: The island was the site of an infectious diseases hospital until the end of the twentieth century.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: 9. Infectious Diseases

text: 9. Infectious Diseases

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: a viral infection

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens that cause human diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infections

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: The common cold can be spread by pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: are contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Viruses

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Wash your hands

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Since allergies and other chronic inflammatory diseases are largely diseases of the last 100 years or so, the "hygiene" revolution of the last 200 years came under scrutiny as a possible cause. During the 1800s radical improvements to sanitation and water quality occurred in Europe and North America. The introduction of toilets and sewer systems and the cleanup of city streets, and cleaner food were part of this program. This in turn led to a rapid decline in infectious diseases, particularly during the period 1900-1950, through reduced exposure to infectious agents.

text: Since allergies and other chronic inflammatory diseases are largely diseases of the last 100 years or so, the "hygiene" revolution of the last 200 years came under scrutiny as a possible cause. During the 1800s radical improvements to sanitation and water quality occurred in Europe and North America. The introduction of toilets and sewer systems and the cleanup of city streets, and cleaner food were part of this program. This in turn led to a rapid decline in infectious diseases, particularly during the period 1900-1950, through reduced exposure to infectious agents.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: allergies

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: allergies

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: allergies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The introduction of toilets and sewer systems

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: sanitation and water quality

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: reduced exposure to infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: reduced exposure to infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: sanitation and water quality

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The "hygiene" revolution of the last 200 years

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: sanitation

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious agents

text: Hygiene in home and everyday life settings plays an important part in preventing spread of infectious diseases. It includes procedures used in a variety of domestic situations such as hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, food and water hygiene, general home hygiene (hygiene of environmental sites and surfaces), care of domestic animals, and home healthcare (the care of those who are at greater risk of infection).

text: Hygiene in home and everyday life settings plays an important part in preventing spread of infectious diseases. It includes procedures used in a variety of domestic situations such as hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, food and water hygiene, general home hygiene (hygiene of environmental sites and surfaces), care of domestic animals, and home healthcare (the care of those who are at greater risk of infection).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: respiratory hygiene

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: domestic animals

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: food and water hygiene

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: respiratory hygiene

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: respiratory hygiene

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: hand hygiene

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infection

text: CODE 23		Infectious disease.

text: CODE 23		Infectious disease.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Copenhagen disease, sometimes known as Copenhagen Syndrome, refers to progressive non-infectious anterior vertebral fusion, a rare childhood disease of unknown aetiology.

text: Copenhagen disease, sometimes known as Copenhagen Syndrome, refers to progressive non-infectious anterior

text: vertebra

text: l fusion, a rare childhood disease of unknown

text: aetiology

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: rare childhood disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Copenhagen disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Copenhagen disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Copenhagen disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Copenhagen disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: childhood disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Copenhagen disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: aetiology

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Copenhagen disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: noninfectious

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: unknown

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: non-infectious

text: The migratory nature of birds poses a distinct danger for the spreading of diseases. Without being affected by the infectious agent, birds can act as vectors in spreading psittacosis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, mycobacteriosis, avian influenza, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. These zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans.In the case of avian influenza (H5N1 strain), water birds can be infected with the low pathogenic form or the high pathogenic form. The former induces mild symptoms such as a drop in egg production, ruffled feathers and mild effects on the avian respiratory tract. The highly pathogenic form spreads much more rapidly and can infect multiple tissues and organs. Massive internal bleeding and hemorrhaging follow and this has earned the H5N1 virus the moniker “chicken ebola.”

text: The migratory nature of birds poses a distinct danger for the spreading of diseases. Without being affected by the infectious agent, birds can act as vectors in spreading

text: psittacosis

text: salmonellosis

text: campylobacteriosis

text: mycobacteriosis

text: avian influenza

text: giardiasis

text: and

text: cryptosporidiosis

text: . These

text: zoonotic diseases

text: can be transmitted to humans.In the case of

text: avian influenza

text: strain), water birds can be infected with the low pathogenic form or the high pathogenic form. The former induces mild symptoms such as a drop in egg production, ruffled feathers and mild effects on the avian respiratory tract. The highly pathogenic form spreads much more rapidly and can infect multiple tissues and organs. Massive internal bleeding and

text: hemorrhaging

text: follow and this has earned the H5N1 virus the moniker “chicken ebola.”

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: avian

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: salmonellosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: salmonellosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: H5N1 virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: birds

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: chicken ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: without being affected by the infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: birds

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: giardiasis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: giardiasis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The migratory nature of birds

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Giardiasis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: H5N1 strain

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The migratory nature of birds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: psittacosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Chicken ebola

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: mycobacteriosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: avian influenza

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: ebola

text: ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. That is to say,

text: ) is the rate at which

text: susceptible

text: individuals acquire an

text: infectious disease

text: . Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the

text: rate of transmission

text: between different

text: groups

text: of the

text: population

text: for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. That is to say,

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Fungal infection

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: susceptibility

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Each branch of the U.S. military is represented among Fort Detrick’s 7,800 military, federal and contractor employees.  Four cabinet-level agencies are represented by activities on the garrison: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. Department of Defense.  The offices and laboratories include the Agriculture Department's Foreign Disease and Weed Science Research Institute, the National Cancer Institute, the Naval Medical Logistics Command and the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center.  Currently under construction is a biotechnology campus that will house civilian and military research centers including units of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), as well as USAMRIID.

text: Each branch of the U.S. military is represented among Fort Detrick’s 7,800 military, federal and contractor employees.  Four cabinet-level agencies are represented by activities on the garrison: The

entity_name: United States Department of Homeland Security

text: U.S. Department of Homeland Security

text: , the

text: U.S. Department of Agriculture

text: , the

entity_name: United States Department of Health and Human Services

text: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

text: , and the

text: U.S. Department of Defense

text: .  The offices and laboratories include the Agriculture Department's Foreign Disease and Weed Science Research Institute, the National Cancer Institute, the

text: Naval Medical Logistics Command

text: and the

entity_name: Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (United States Army)

text: Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center

text: .  Currently under construction is a biotechnology campus that will house civilian and military research centers including units of the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC), the

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: (NIAID), as well as USAMRIID.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Cancer

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Weed

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Weed

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Weed

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Weed

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Cancer

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Weed Science Research Institute

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Weed Science Research Institute

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Foreign Disease and Weed Science Research

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Fort Detrick

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Foreign Disease and Weed Science Research Institute

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Cancer

text: In Guatemala, communicable diseases for which treatment exists are still one of the major causes of death. Wealthy, more industrialized developed nations have been able to eliminate communicable diseases due to an epidemiological transition, in which death rates due to degenerative diseases have surpassed those of communicable and infectious diseases. The opposite is apparent in Guatemala. The high mortality rate for infants is a direct result of communicable and infectious diseases. Similarly, the epidemiological profile of Guatemala shows that some of the most prevalent infectious diseases, like diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, are a direct result of poverty. In Guatemala, 56 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. Poverty levels are greatest in the indigenous communities of Guatemala, which account for about 81 percent of those living in poverty, and make up about 43 percent of Guatemala's total population. High levels of poverty make the population more vulnerable to communicable diseases, which is why government funding of health care is necessary for the rural areas of Guatemala.

text: In Guatemala, communicable diseases for which treatment exists are still one of the major causes of death. Wealthy, more industrialized developed nations have been able to eliminate communicable diseases due to an

text: epidemiological transition

text: , in which death rates due to degenerative diseases have surpassed those of communicable and infectious diseases. The opposite is apparent in Guatemala. The high mortality rate for infants is a direct result of communicable and infectious diseases. Similarly, the epidemiological profile of Guatemala shows that some of the most prevalent infectious diseases, like

text: diarrhea

text: and

text: acute respiratory infections

text: , are a direct result of poverty. In Guatemala, 56 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. Poverty levels are greatest in the indigenous communities of Guatemala, which account for about 81 percent of those living in poverty, and make up about 43 percent of Guatemala's total population. High levels of poverty make the population more vulnerable to communicable diseases, which is why government funding of health care is necessary for the rural areas of Guatemala.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: acute respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: degenerative

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: communicable and infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: communicable and infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Poverty levels are greatest in the indigenous communities

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: High levels of poverty

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: communicable and infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: high mortality rate for infants

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: In Guatemala, 56 percent of the population lives below the poverty line

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: treatment

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: degenerative

text: In a document written in 833, leprosy was described as "caused by a parasite that eats five organs of the body. The eyebrows and eyelashes come off, and the nose is deformed. The disease brings hoarseness, and necessitates amputations of the fingers and toes. Do not sleep with the patients, as the disease is transmittable to those nearby." This was the first document concerning believed infectious aspect of the disease.  Japan passed leprosy prevention laws in 1907, 1931, and 1953 that were based on segregation of persons with the disease; this approach intensified leprosy stigma. Lepers were seen as being incurable and infectious. Males admitted to leprosaria in Japan were sterilized, and females found to be pregnant were forced to have abortions. These extreme actions were done to prevent children of diseased parents from being born lest they carry the disease. Doctors during this time still mistakenly believed that leprosy was a hereditary disease. The 1953 law was abrogated in 1996. More than a decade later, in 2008 there were 2717 ex-patients in 13 national sanatoria and two private hospitals.

text: In a document written in 833, leprosy was described as "caused by a parasite that eats five organs of the body. The eyebrows and eyelashes come off, and the nose is deformed. The disease brings hoarseness, and necessitates amputations of the fingers and toes. Do not sleep with the patients, as the disease is transmittable to those nearby." This was the first document concerning believed infectious aspect of the disease.  Japan passed leprosy prevention laws in 1907,

entity_name: No Leprosy Patients in Our Prefecture Movement

text: , and 1953 that were based on segregation of persons with the disease; this approach intensified

text: leprosy stigma

text: . Lepers were seen as being incurable and infectious. Males admitted to leprosaria in Japan were sterilized, and females found to be pregnant were forced to have abortions. These extreme actions were done to prevent children of diseased parents from being born lest they carry the disease. Doctors during this time still mistakenly believed that leprosy was a hereditary disease. The 1953 law was abrogated in 1996. More than a decade later, in 2008 there were 2717 ex-patients in 13 national sanatoria and two private hospitals.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The disease is transmittable to those nearby

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This was the first document concerning believed infectious aspect of the disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Do not sleep with the patients

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: the disease is transmittable to those nearby

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: The disease is transmittable

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This was the first document concerning believed infectious aspect of the disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: sterilization

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasite

text: Some viruses can cause lifelong or chronic infections, where the viruses continue to replicate in the body despite the host's defence mechanisms. This is common in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. People chronically infected are known as carriers, as they serve as reservoirs of infectious virus. In populations with a high proportion of carriers, the disease is said to be endemic.

text: Some viruses can cause lifelong or

text: chronic

text: infections, where the viruses continue to replicate in the body despite the host's defence mechanisms. This is common in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. People chronically infected are known as carriers, as they serve as reservoirs of infectious virus. In populations with a high proportion of carriers, the disease is said to be

text: endemic

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: chronic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Hepatitis C virus infections

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: people

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Some viruses can cause lifelong or chronic

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: hepatitis C virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: carriers

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: carriers

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Some viruses can cause lifelong or chronic infections

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: carriers

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: C

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infections

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: The mechanisms for infection, proliferation, and persistence of a virus in cells of the host are crucial for its survival. For example, some diseases such as measles employ a strategy whereby it must spread to a series of hosts. In these forms of viral infection, the illness is often treated by the body's own immune response, and therefore the virus is required to disperse to new hosts before it is destroyed by immunological resistance or host death.  In contrast, some infectious agents such as the Feline leukemia virus, are able to withstand immune responses and are capable of achieving long-term residence within an individual host, whilst also retaining the ability to spread into successive hosts.

text: The mechanisms for infection, proliferation, and persistence of a virus in cells of the host are crucial for its survival. For example, some diseases such as

text: measles

text: employ a strategy whereby it must spread to a series of hosts. In these forms of viral infection, the illness is often treated by the

text: body's own immune response

text: , and therefore the virus is required to disperse to new hosts before it is destroyed by

text: immunological resistance

text: or host death.  In contrast, some infectious agents such as the

text: Feline leukemia virus

text: , are able to withstand immune responses and are capable of achieving long-term residence within an individual host, whilst also retaining the ability to spread into successive hosts.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: viral infection

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Feline

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Feline leukemia

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The mechanisms for infection, proliferation, and persistence of a virus

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: virus in cells of the host

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: For example, some diseases such as measles

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Feline leukemia virus

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: immunological resistance

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immune response

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: In addition to the natural factors that make measuring true pathogen risk and prevalence difficult (mentioned above) are behaviors like mate selection, stress-hormone levels, degree of promiscuity in a group, and diet ,.Consideration of the effects humans have had on animal populations, both directly and indirectly, are paramount to understanding the spread of pathogens. Altizer et al. (2003) mention habitat fragmentation, crowding of animals onto wildlife reserves, and encroachment upon formerly wild lands that leads to increases in contact between wildlife and domesticated species as well as humans. More generally, Daszak et al. (2000) would include climate change as a tremendous confounding factor. We might furthermore speculate that certainly tourism and poaching have contributed their own to the contagion paradigm.

text: In addition to the natural factors that make measuring true pathogen risk and prevalence difficult (mentioned above) are behaviors like mate selection, stress-hormone levels, degree of promiscuity in a group, and diet ,.Consideration of the effects humans have had on animal populations, both directly and indirectly, are paramount to understanding the spread of pathogens. Altizer et al. (2003) mention habitat fragmentation, crowding of animals onto wildlife reserves, and encroachment upon formerly wild lands that leads to increases in contact between wildlife and domesticated species as well as humans. More generally, Daszak et al. (2000) would include climate change as a tremendous confounding factor. We might furthermore speculate that certainly tourism and poaching have contributed their own to the contagion paradigm.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: contagion

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: mate selection

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: tourism and poaching

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: tourism and poaching

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It's impossible to say

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagion

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Although resistant pathogens (such as HA-MRSA) are most commonly traced to health care environments, the new community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains are now being found in schools, universities, athletic settings, and elsewhere. Hospitals, ambulances, nursing homes, public waiting areas, and food processing plants are just a few of the places that disease-causing bacteria and viruses are known to colonize. Carbon dioxide is a viable alternative to oxidizing sanitizers, such as bleach and other commercial products. Because CO is gas at room temperature, liquid alcohol evaporates from any surfaces within minutes of application. Therefore, the surfaces do not require wiping. This reduces the spread of pathogens on cloth and other cleaning materials. Also, alcohol and CO are inexpensive and supplies are readily available.

text: Although resistant pathogens (such as HA-MRSA) are most commonly traced to health care environments, the new community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains are now being found in schools, universities, athletic settings, and elsewhere. Hospitals, ambulances, nursing homes, public waiting areas, and food processing plants are just a few of the places that disease-causing bacteria and viruses are known to colonize. Carbon dioxide is a viable alternative to

text: oxidizing sanitizers

text: , such as

text: bleach

text: and other commercial products. Because CO is gas at room temperature, liquid alcohol evaporates from any surfaces within minutes of application. Therefore, the surfaces do not require wiping. This reduces the spread of pathogens on cloth and other cleaning materials. Also, alcohol and CO are inexpensive and supplies are readily available.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: community-acquired

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacteria and viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: MRSA

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: CA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: CA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: CO is gas at room temperature

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: CA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: alcohol evaporates from any surfaces within minutes of application

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: HA-MRSA

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: MRSA

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: MRSA

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: carbon dioxide

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: The discovery of disease-causing pathogens is an important activity in the field of medical science, as many viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, helminthes and prions are identified as a confirmed or potential pathogen. A Centers for Disease Control program begun in 1995 identified over a hundred patients, with life-threatening illnesses which were considered to be of an infectious cause, but could not be linked to a known pathogen.  The association of pathogens with disease can be a complex and controversial process, in some cases requiring decades or even centuries to achieve.

text: The discovery of

text: disease

text: -causing

text: pathogen

text: s is an important activity in the field of medical science, as many

text: virus

text: es,

text: bacteria

text: protozoa

text: fungi

text: helminthes

text: and

text: prion

text: s are identified as a confirmed or potential pathogen. A

text: Centers for Disease Control

text: program begun in 1995 identified over a hundred patients, with life-threatening illnesses which were considered to be of an

text: infectious

text: cause, but could not be linked to a known pathogen.  The association of pathogens with disease can be a complex and controversial process, in some cases requiring decades or even centuries to achieve.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacteria, protozoa, fungi

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: helminthes

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: prions

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The discovery of disease-causing pathogens

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: helminthes

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The discovery of disease-causing pathogens

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Control

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prions

text: PKIDs’ mission is to educate the public about infectious diseases, the methods of prevention and transmission, and the latest advances in medicine; to eliminate the social stigma borne by the infected; and to assist the families of children living with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, or other chronic, viral infectious diseases with emotional, financial, and informational support.

text: PKIDs’ mission is to educate the public about infectious diseases, the methods of prevention and transmission, and the latest advances in medicine; to eliminate the social stigma borne by the infected; and to assist the families of children living with

text: HIV/AIDS

text: hepatitis

text: , or other chronic, viral

text: infectious diseases

text: with emotional, financial, and informational support.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infected

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: PKIDs

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: viral infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: PKIDs

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: PKIDs

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: The focus of a public health intervention is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors, communities and environments. Many diseases are preventable through simple, non-medical methods. For example, research has shown that the simple act of hand washing with soap can prevent many contagious diseases. In other cases, treating a disease or controlling a pathogen can be vital to preventing its spread to others, such as during an outbreak of infectious disease, or contamination of food or water supplies. Public health communications programs, vaccination programs, and distribution of condoms are examples of common public health measures. Measures such as these have contributed greatly to the health of populations and increases in life expectancy.

text: The focus of a public health intervention is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the

text: promotion of healthy behaviors

text: communities

text: and

text: environments

text: . Many diseases are preventable through simple, non-medical methods. For example, research has shown that the simple act of

text: hand washing

text: with soap can prevent many contagious diseases. In other cases, treating a disease or controlling a

text: pathogen

text: can be vital to preventing its spread to others, such as during an outbreak of

text: infectious disease

text: , or

text: contamination of food

text: or

text: water

text: supplies.

text: Public health communications programs

text: vaccination

text: programs, and distribution of

text: condom

text: s are examples of common public health measures. Measures such as these have contributed greatly to the health of populations and increases in life expectancy.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: vaccination programs

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Many diseases are preventable through simple, non-medical methods

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: many contagious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: many contagious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Many diseases are preventable through simple, non-medical methods

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: She was awarded a fellowship by the Infectious Disease Society of America, "an advocacy group of infectious disease specialists based in Arlington, Virginia". She became a member of the Western Association of Physicians in 1990, and in 1995 she became a member of the Association of American Physicians. She was named a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology in 1997, "the world's oldest and largest group devoted to a single life science". In 1998 she was named a fellow of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology in America (SHEA), whose "mission is to prevent and control infections in healthcare settings". In 2001, she was chosen to be a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The fellowship is "an honor bestowed upon members of the association by their peers" and only select persons are chosen each year.

text: She was awarded a fellowship by the

text: Infectious Disease Society of America

text: , "an advocacy group of infectious disease specialists based in Arlington, Virginia". She became a member of the

text: Western Association of Physicians

text: in 1990, and in 1995 she became a member of the

text: Association of American Physicians

text: . She was named a fellow of the

text: American Academy of Microbiology

text: in 1997, "the world's oldest and largest group devoted to a single life science". In 1998 she was named a fellow of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology in America (SHEA), whose "mission is to prevent and control infections in healthcare settings". In 2001, she was chosen to be a fellow of the

entity_name: American Association for the Advancement of Science

text: American Association for the Advancement of Science

text: (AAAS). The fellowship is "an honor bestowed upon members of the association by their peers" and only select persons are chosen each year.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: American Academy of Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Disease Society

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Infectious Disease Society of America

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Healthcare settings

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious Disease Society of America

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious Disease Society of America

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Disease Society of America

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Epidemiology

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Microbiology

text: Citrus Black Spot was first found in Sydney, Australia in 1879 and then appeared in South Africa along the coast of Natal in 1929. It can be found in many countries around the world. These countries include: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, Mozambique, Philippines, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Taiwan, The United States and Uruguay. Whether or not Citrus Black Spot is present in Japan and New Zealand is controversial. In both countries the fungus was thought to have been found, but after further testing it was identified as the non-pathogenic strain, Guignardia mangiferae, rather than the pathogenic strain Guignardia citricarpa which causes Citrus Black Spot. This disease is relatively new to North America; it was first seen in Southern Florida March, 2010. Though Florida has taken measures to try to control this disease it is expected to rapidly spread to other areas over the next few years.

text: Citrus Black Spot was first found in

text: Sydney, Australia

text: in 1879 and then appeared in South Africa along the coast of

text: Natal

text: in 1929. It can be found in many countries around the world. These countries include: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, Mozambique, Philippines, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Taiwan, The United States and Uruguay. Whether or not Citrus Black Spot is present in Japan and New Zealand is controversial. In both countries the fungus was thought to have been found, but after further testing it was identified as the

text: non-pathogenic strain

text: , Guignardia mangiferae, rather than the pathogenic strain Guignardia citricarpa which causes Citrus Black Spot. This disease is relatively new to North America; it was first seen in Southern Florida March, 2010. Though Florida has taken measures to try to control this disease it is expected to rapidly spread to other areas over the next few years.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Guignardia citricarpa

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: The United States

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Guignardia citricarpa

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Guignardia

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Guignardia citricarpa

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Guignardia citricarpa

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Guignardia mangiferae

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It can be found in many countries around the world

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Guignardia citricarpa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Guignardia citricarpa

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Guignardia mangiferae

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Citrus Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Guignardia citricarpa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogenic strain

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Black Spot

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic strain

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogenic strain

text: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees has three primary species, through which the pathogen can infect a variety of hardwood shade trees. Hypoxylon atropunctatum is most commonly found on oak, Hypoxylon mammatum is a significant pathogen on aspen trees, and Hypoxylon tinctor infects sycamore trees (2,3,16). In order to tell if the pathogen is affecting the tree, the bark must be closely examined, but the symptoms are distinct. Early stages of the disease show a light brown and tan color that looks dry and dusty. Later on, as the pathogen goes through the sexual stage, the bark will turn to a dark grey color. The bark becomes brittle and flakes off (2) and black and grey cankers will appear (3). Because these changes are indications of a disease, these are symptoms. They demonstrate that the pathogen is present and infecting or has already infested the host. Hypoxylon also produces characteristic signs, which are either going to be direct products of the pathogen or the appearance of the pathogen itself. The signs we can see from Hypoxylon are conidia and ascospores. Conidia are produced during the asexual stage, while ascospores are produced during the sexual stage (4,7). You can sometimes see the conidia with the naked eye if they are structuralized, but it is much easier to see them under a dissecting microscope. When looking underneath a compound microscope, you will be able to see the ascospores. They will be located on perithecia. The microscopic signs of the perithecium are the flask-shaped sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores. Lastly, the pathogen is going to be found primarily just beneath the bark of the trees, located throughout the tree and if the pathogen spreads. The pathogen can also spread to the bark of surrounding trees (3). If you start to see symptoms on the main trunk, the tree is likely too diseased to save, since the trunk is the spot where the nutrients and water are transported. Once Hypoxylon is active on the main trunk, there is no other way for the water and nutrients to get to the rest of the tree and thus it dies. Fortunately, if Hypoxylon is found on the branches or limbs there is a good chance the tree will live if the fungus does not spread. Pruning out the limbs and branches that look like they have the disease on it or are dying will solve the problem (2).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees is present, the bark must be closely examined

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: tree, it can spread to the bark of surrounding trees

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees is affecting the tree, the bark must be closely examined

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees is affecting the tree, the bark must be closely examined

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: tinctor infects sycamore trees

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen has infested the host, the pathogen produces characteristic signs.

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Hypoxylon tinctor

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Hypoxylon tinctor

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Oxylon canker of shade trees has infected the tree, it is likely too diseased to save the tree.

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Hypoxylon tinctor

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogens are found

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Hypoxylon canker

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: main trunk

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: The common cold virus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: pathogen has infected.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Hypoxylon canker of shade trees

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogen is most likely to be found.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Hypoxylon canker

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tinctor

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: tinctor

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Hypoxylon

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: asexual

text: A number of infectious diseases can be transmitted either congenitally or in early childhood, and can cause serious neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Congenital toxoplasmosis may result in formation of cysts in the brain and other organs, causing a variety of neurological deficits. Congenital syphilis may progress to neurosyphilis if it remains untreated. Measles can progress to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Congenital rubella syndrome can produce schizophrenia in addition to multiple other symptoms.

text: A number of infectious diseases can be transmitted either congenitally or in early childhood, and can cause serious neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Congenital

text: toxoplasmosis

text: may result in formation of cysts in the brain and other organs, causing a variety of neurological deficits.

text: Congenital syphilis

text: may progress to

text: neurosyphilis

text: if it remains untreated.

text: Measles

text: can progress to

text: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

text: Congenital rubella syndrome

text: can produce

text: schizophrenia

text: in addition to multiple other symptoms.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: congenital

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Measles

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: syphilis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Measles

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: schizophrenia

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Measles

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Measles

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Rubella

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Congenital rubella

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Congenital rubella syndrome

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: congenitally

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Rubella

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Measles

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Congenital rubella syndrome

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: rubella

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: rubella

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: congenital

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: congenital

text: In September 1991 the Report of the Review of Infectious Diseases in Victoria recommended the relocation of HIV/AIDS services to The Alfred Hospital. Other infectious disease patients were to be cared for by the Royal Melbourne Hospital.  In the 1990s, the Victorian Liberal Government of Jeff Kennett pursued the rationalisation of hospital services. Despite strong protests, the specialised functions of the hospital were transferred to other hospitals and on 30 June 1996 Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital closed down.

text: In September 1991 the Report of the Review of Infectious Diseases in Victoria recommended the relocation of HIV/AIDS services to

text: The Alfred Hospital

text: . Other infectious disease patients were to be cared for by the

text: Royal Melbourne Hospital

text: .  In the 1990s, the Victorian Liberal Government of

text: Jeff Kennett

text: pursued the rationalisation of hospital services. Despite strong protests, the specialised functions of the hospital were transferred to other hospitals and on 30 June 1996 Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital closed down.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Despite strong protests

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV/AIDS

text: MRC (visions and missions) are to transform the treatment of expensive epidemic diseases, including Rapid Test for Infectious Diseases, Chemicals (Solution and Powder), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing system (Antibiotic Discs) … others.It is to provide the affordable high quality products to help fighting diseases and illicit substance abuse. And also it is a uniquely positioned to achieve goals by providing innovative solutions that reduce the economic burden of costly diseases on health care system in Sudan and provide improved outcomes for medical institutions with good price.

text: MRC (visions and missions) are to transform the treatment of expensive epidemic

text: diseases

text: , including Rapid Test for

text: Infectious Diseases

text: Chemical

text: s (

text: Solution

text: and

text: Powder

text: ), and

text: antimicrobial

text: susceptibility

text: testing system (

text: Antibiotic

text: Discs) … others.It is to provide the affordable high

text: quality

text: products to help fighting

text: diseases

text: and illicit substance abuse. And also it is a uniquely positioned to achieve

text: goal

text: s by providing innovative solutions that reduce the economic burden of costly

text: diseases

text: on

text: health care system

text: in

text: Sudan

text: and provide improved outcomes for medical institutions with good price.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: costly diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: expensive epidemic diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: expensive epidemic diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Antibiotic Discs

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: MRC

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is to provide the affordable high quality products

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Antibiotic Discs

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: antimicrobial

text: Some people who have had an infectious disease such as tuberculosis never completely recover and continue to carry the infection, whilst not suffering the disease themselves. They may then move back into the infectious compartment and suffer symptoms (as in tuberculosis) or they may continue to infect others in their carrier state, while not suffering symptoms. The most famous example of this is probably Mary Mallon, who infected 22 people with typhoid fever. The carrier compartment is labelled C.

text: Some people who have had an infectious disease such as

text: tuberculosis

text: never completely recover and continue to

text: carry

text: the infection, whilst not suffering the disease themselves. They may then move back into the infectious compartment and suffer symptoms (as in tuberculosis) or they may continue to infect others in their carrier state, while not suffering symptoms. The most famous example of this is probably

text: Mary Mallon

text: , who infected 22 people with

text: typhoid fever

text: . The carrier compartment is labelled C.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: tuberculose

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: people

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: C

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: infect others

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Carry

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Carry the infection

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: carrier

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: tuberculous

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: In certain cases, infectious diseases may be asymptomatic for much or even all of their course in a given host. In the latter case, the disease may only be defined as a "disease" (which by definition means an illness) in hosts who secondarily become ill after contact with an asymptomatic carrier. An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host.

text: In certain cases, infectious diseases may be

text: asymptomatic

text: for much or even all of their course in a given host. In the latter case, the disease may only be defined as a "disease" (which by definition means an illness) in hosts who secondarily become ill after contact with an asymptomatic carrier. An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: carrier

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: carrier

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: carrier

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: some infections

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: asymptomatic carrier

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is not synonymous with an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: asymptomatic carrier

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is not synonymous with an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: carrier

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: carrier

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: The Conference is aimed at junior and senior experts from in all fields of communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control. This includes epidemiologists, microbiologists, clinicians, public health experts, and veterinary and environmental health experts with a professional and scientific interest in applied infectious disease epidemiology.The Conference brings together several groups of people involved in these areas including representatives from EU/EEA National Public Health Institutes, members of disease-specific surveillance networks, and EPIET/FETP/EUPHEM fellows and alumni. The audience also includes governmental, NGO and academic researchers from across Europe and the globe with an interest in infectious disease prevention and control.The Conference aims to expand its audience and include policy and decision makers but also experts from related disciplines, such as bioinformatics and modelling.

text: The Conference is aimed at junior and senior experts from in all fields of communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control. This includes epidemiologists, microbiologists, clinicians, public health experts, and veterinary and environmental health experts with a professional and scientific interest in applied infectious disease epidemiology.The Conference brings together several groups of people involved in these areas including representatives from EU/EEA National Public Health Institutes, members of disease-specific surveillance networks, and EPIET/

text: FETP

text: /EUPHEM fellows and alumni. The audience also includes governmental, NGO and academic researchers from across Europe and the globe with an interest in infectious disease prevention and control.The Conference aims to expand its audience and include policy and decision makers but also experts from related disciplines, such as bioinformatics and modelling.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microbiologists

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: microbiologists

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: governmental, NGO and academic researchers

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: microbiologists

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious disease epidemiology

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: infectious disease prevention and control

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Microbiologists

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microbiologists

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The Conference aims to expand its audience

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: microbiologists

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: veterinary

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: control

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: microbiologists

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: The Department of Parasitology conducts internationally rated basic research on tropical parasites such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, soil transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis as well as research into snakebite and neglected tropical diseases.  Housed in LSTM’s Centre for Tropical and Infectious Disease the Department is a global leader in drug and diagnostics discovery and disease pathogenesis.

text: The Department of Parasitology conducts internationally rated basic research on tropical parasites such as malaria,

text: lymphatic filariasis

text: , onchocerciasis, soil transmitted

text: helminths

text: schistosomiasis

text: trypanosomiasis

text: and

text: leishmaniasis

text: as well as research into

text: snakebite

text: and

text: neglected tropical diseases

text: .  Housed in LSTM’s Centre for Tropical and Infectious Disease the Department is a global leader in drug and diagnostics discovery and disease pathogenesis.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: tropical

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: neglected tropical diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: snake

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: disease pathogenesis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The Department of Parasitology

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: snakebite

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Onchocerciasis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Department of Parasitology

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: drug

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasite

text: There are various ways to manage the disease Uromyces viciae-fabae var. viciae-fabae, however because the spores of the fungus can travel long distances to infect a new crop prevention can be difficult. First, using clean seed to plant the beans is best to prevent the spread of the pathogen. Using contaminated seeds from plots where the disease was is a easy way to spread the disease to other locations. Secondly, spores that land on volunteer plants, which are plants that grow on their own from seeds floating by wind or birds, can be spread long distances by wind increasing the spread of the disease. These volunteer plants should be controlled early in the season often by the use of herbicides to kill the faba bean plant completely. Another way to control disease is to rotate crops; crops should be rotated about 500 meters from where the faba beans were last planted as a preventative measure. Since they are host specific if there are still spores present in that area they will not be able to infect the new crop planted.  Resistance is another control method. Resistance is the most desired means of rust control. Planting a variety that is resistant to rust is helpful in preventing disease. Foliar fungicides are another way of control; recommended fungicides need to be applied before severe symptoms are seen.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: rust

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: rust

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: rust

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: birds

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: spores that land on volunteer plants

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rust

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma is a human parasite that is spread by a vector.

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Uromyces viciae-fabae

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Using clean seed to plant the beans

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Use clean seed to plant the beans is best to prevent the spread of the pathogen

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: using clean seed to plant the beans

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Uromyces viciae-fabae

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Uromyces viciae-fabae var. viciae-fabae

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: contaminated seeds from plots where the disease was

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Uromyces viciae-fabae

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Uromyces viciae-fabae var. viciae-fabae

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Spores

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: rust

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: fungicides

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: fungicides

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Plant pathogens can spread rapidly over great distances, vectored by water, wind, insects, and humans. Across large regions and many crop species, it is estimated that diseases typically reduce plant yields by 10% every year in more developed nations or agricultural systems, but yield loss to diseases often exceeds 20% in less developed settings, an estimated 15% of global crop production.

text: Plant pathogens can spread rapidly over great distances, vectored by water, wind, insects, and humans. Across large regions and many crop species, it is estimated that diseases typically reduce plant yields by 10% every year in more developed nations or agricultural systems, but yield loss to diseases often exceeds 20% in less developed settings, an estimated 15% of global crop production.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: water, wind

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens can spread rapidly over great distances

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious agents (non-infectious or non-transmissible). NCDs can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly. Sometimes, NCDs result in rapid deaths such as seen in certain diseases such as autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, stroke, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others. While sometimes referred to as synonymous with "chronic diseases", NCDs are distinguished only by their non-infectious cause, not necessarily by their duration, though Some chronic diseases of long duration, such as HIV/AIDS, may caused by infections. Chronic diseases require chronic care management as do all diseases that are slow to develop and of long duration.

text: A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious agents (non-infectious or non-

text: transmissible

text: ). NCDs can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly. Sometimes, NCDs result in rapid deaths such as seen in certain diseases such as

text: autoimmune disease

text: s,

text: heart disease

text: s,

text: stroke

text: cancer

text: s,

text: diabetes

text: chronic kidney disease

text: osteoporosis

text: Alzheimer's disease

text: cataract

text: s, and others. While sometimes referred to as synonymous with "

text: chronic diseases

text: ", NCDs are distinguished only by their non-infectious cause, not necessarily by their duration, though Some chronic diseases of long duration, such as

text: HIV/AIDS

text: , may caused by

text: infection

text: s. Chronic diseases require

text: chronic care management

text: as do all diseases that are slow to develop and of long duration.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Some non-communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Non-communicable disease (NCD)

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Non-communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: non-infectious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Non-infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: NCDs

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Non-communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Non-communicable disease (NCD)

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: AIDS

text: Climate change may lead to dramatic increases in prevalence of a variety of infectious diseases. Beginning in the mid-'70s, there has been an “emergence, resurgence and redistribution of infectious diseases”. Reasons for this are likely multicausal, dependent on a variety of social, environmental and climatic factors, however, many argue that the “volatility of infectious disease may be one of the earliest biological expressions of climate instability”. Though many infectious diseases are affected by changes in climate, vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever and leishmaniasis, present the strongest causal relationship. Observation and research detect a shift of pests and pathogens in the distribution away from the equator and towards Earth's poles.

text: Climate change may lead to dramatic increases in prevalence of a variety of infectious diseases. Beginning in the mid-'70s, there has been an “emergence, resurgence and redistribution of infectious diseases”. Reasons for this are likely multicausal, dependent on a variety of social, environmental and climatic factors, however, many argue that the “volatility of infectious disease may be one of the earliest biological expressions of climate instability”. Though many infectious diseases are affected by changes in climate, vector-borne diseases, such as malaria,

text: dengue fever

text: and leishmaniasis, present the strongest

text: causal relationship

text: . Observation and research detect a shift of pests and pathogens in the distribution away from the equator and towards Earth's poles.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: malaria, dengue fever

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pests

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough and sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It may lead to dramatic increases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Li Shizhen quotes Chen Cangqi's explanation (tr. Luo 2003: 4180) that when a piece of skull is cleaned, simmered in a young boy's urine, and then buried in a pit, "This will infuse the drug with a soul". Li also quotes Yang Shiying that the shizhu disease "is caused by a ghost that hides within a person's body and does not come out. So the disease is a prolonged one. When treated with human skull top, the ghost's soul will be dispelled from the person's body and the syndrome may subside." Cooper & Sivin (1973: 251) note that the guzheng "bone-steaming disease" or chuanshi "cadaver vector disease", "passes from one member of a family to another, sapping their strength and killing them in turn. The name comes from the patient's feeling of feverishness ("steaming") in the marrow of his bones. The syndrome as described in classic medical works corresponds on the whole to that of pulmonary tuberculosis." However, they also (1973: 257) say that whether this demon disease really meant pulmonary tuberculosis or some other debilitating infectious disease is really not pertinent "because bone would be ineffective in the treatment of any infectious process."

text: Li Shizhen quotes Chen Cangqi's explanation (tr. Luo 2003: 4180) that when a piece of skull is cleaned, simmered in a young boy's urine, and then buried in a pit, "This will infuse the drug with a soul". Li also quotes Yang Shiying that the shizhu disease "is caused by a ghost that hides within a person's body and does not come out. So the disease is a prolonged one. When treated with human skull top, the ghost's soul will be dispelled from the person's body and the syndrome may subside." Cooper & Sivin (1973: 251) note that the guzheng "bone-steaming disease" or chuanshi "cadaver vector disease", "passes from one member of a family to another, sapping their strength and killing them in turn. The name comes from the patient's feeling of feverishness ("steaming") in the marrow of his bones. The syndrome as described in classic medical works corresponds on the whole to that of pulmonary tuberculosis." However, they also (1973: 257) say that whether this demon disease really meant

text: pulmonary tuberculosis

text: or some other debilitating infectious disease is really not pertinent "because bone would be ineffective in the treatment of any infectious process."

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: guzheng

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pulmonary tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: cadaver

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: guzheng

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: guzheng

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: cadaver vector disease

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This will infuse the drug with a soul

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: cadaver vector disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: bone would be ineffective in the treatment of any infectious process

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: bone would be ineffective in the treatment of any infectious process

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This will infuse the drug with a soul

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pulmonary tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious process

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: human skull top

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: drug

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: cadaver vector

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious process

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: cadaver vector

text: Globalization has increased the spread of infectious diseases from South to North, but also the risk of non-communicable diseases by transmission of culture and behavior from North to South. It is important to target and reduce the spread of infectious diseases in developing countries.  However, addressing the risk factors of non-comunicable diseases and lifestyle risks in the South that cause disease, such as use or consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy foods, is important as well.

text: Globalization has increased the spread of infectious diseases from South to North, but also the risk of non-communicable diseases by transmission of culture and behavior from North to South. It is important to target and reduce the spread of infectious diseases in developing countries.  However, addressing the risk factors of non-comunicable diseases and lifestyle risks in the South that cause disease, such as use or consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy foods, is important as well.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: non-communicable

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: non-communicable

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: alcohol

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: non-communicable

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Globalization has increased the spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: non-communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: non-communicable

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: non-communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Non-communicable

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is important to target and reduce the spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: It is important to target and reduce the spread of infectious diseases in developing countries

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: non-communicable

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: tobacco

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: non-communicable

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: Questions often range from being very broad to being very focused. For example; What is honour? What is beauty? What are the elements of successful habitat restoration? How can we manage infectious disease outbreaks?

text: Questions often range from being very broad to being very focused. For example; What is honour? What is beauty? What are the elements of successful habitat restoration? How can we manage infectious disease outbreaks?

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: How can we manage infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: How can we manage infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: How can we manage infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: How can we manage infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: How can we manage infectious disease outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease outbreak

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known Ebola virus (EBOV). BDBV causes severe disease in humans and (experimentally) in nonhuman primates, the Ebola hemorrhagic fever. BDBV is a Select Agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent, and is listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group.

text: Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known

text: Ebola virus

text: (EBOV). BDBV causes severe

text: disease

text: in

text: human

text: s and (experimentally) in nonhuman

text: primates

text: , the

text: Ebola

text: hemorrhagic fever

text: . BDBV is a

text: Select Agent

text: World Health Organization

text: Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring

text: Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment

text: National Institutes of Health

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: Category A Priority Pathogen,

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: Category A Bioterrorism Agent

text: , and is listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the

text: Australia Group

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Bundibugyo

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: commonly known

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: primates

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Bundibugyo virus

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Bioterrorism Agent

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: BDBV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Bundibugyo

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Biological Agent for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: nonhuman primates

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Bundibugyo virus

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Biological Agent for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Biological Agent for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Biological Agent for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Bundibugyo virus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Pathogen

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Biological

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Bioterrorism

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Biological

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: Etiology, the modern branch of science that deals with the causes of infectious disease, recognizes five major modes of disease transmission: airborne, waterborne, bloodborne, by direct contact, and through vector (insects or other creatures that carry germs from one species to another). As humans began traveling over seas and across lands which were previously isolated, research suggests that diseases have been spread by all five transmission modes.

text: Etiology

text: , the modern branch of

text: science

text: that deals with the causes of

text: infectious disease

text: , recognizes five major modes of disease transmission: airborne, waterborne, bloodborne, by direct contact, and through

text: vector

text: insect

text: s or other creatures that carry germs from one species to another). As humans began traveling over seas and across lands which were previously isolated, research suggests that diseases have been spread by all five transmission modes.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: germs

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: waterborne

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: bloodborne

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: bloodborne

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: airborne

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: bloodborne

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: by direct contact

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: by direct contact

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: germs

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: vector

text: Globalization increases the likelihood that an infectious disease appearing in one area of the world will spread rapidly to another. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recent example of this. Within weeks in the beginning of 2003, SARS had quickly spread from the Guangdong province of China to infect people in over 20 countries around the world. Approximately 15% of patients affected required artificial ventilation. There was also a relatively high death rate. By late March, hundreds of people were infected, with cases reported in China, Singapore, Canada, United States and Thailand. The WHO (World Health Organization) then took the rare step of issuing a worldwide alert. SARS was first reported in the United Kingdom newspapers early March of that year. Reviewing the many reports of the new infectious diseases in the newspapers, highlighted larger public anxieties, in particular anxieties about the insufficiency of technology and medicine that does not have the capacity for new threats as well as moral panic over globalization. Globalization has many definitions: It can be the spread of information, trends, technologies, culture and lifestyles but primarily it is an economic force. One of many consequences of an economic globalization is the quick, cheap access for the mobility of people of all walks of life. Another consequence is larger awareness of global threats and in particular the threat of global epidemics.

text: Globalization increases the likelihood that an infectious disease appearing in one area of the world will spread rapidly to another. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recent example of this. Within weeks in the beginning of 2003, SARS had quickly spread from the

text: Guangdong province

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: global epidemics

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Globalization increases the likelihood

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Globalization

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: medicine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: global epidemics

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: SARS

text: An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as  disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group).  by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical contact).or by vertical disease transmission, passing the agent causing the disease from parent to offspring, such as in prenatal or perinatal transmission.

text: An

text: infectious disease

text: agent can be transmitted in two ways: as  disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group).  by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact air – cough or sneeze (

text: vectors

text: or

text: fomites

text: that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical contact).or by

text: vertical disease transmission

text: , passing the agent causing the disease from parent to offspring, such as in prenatal or

text: perinatal transmission

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: transmitted

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: indirect contact air

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease agent

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: sneeze

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: sneeze

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: sneeze

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: indirectly contact air – cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: vectors or fomites

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: direct contact (licking, touching, biting)

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: direct contact

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: direct contact (licking, touching, biting)

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: indirectly contact air – cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: direct contact

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: indirectly contact air – cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: direct contact (licking, touching, biting)

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: direct contact (licking, touching, biting

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: agent

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: agent

text: Even though Guatemala has improved its health care system substantially since the end of the Guatemalan Civil War, mortality rates for communicable diseases still show that considerable progress needs to be made  to remove the burden of infectious diseases on the population. In a country like Guatemala, water is poor and frequently contaminated. In order to decrease common communicable diseases like diarrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and respiratory disease, clean water and sanitation are necessary. With the health care system's provision of both clean water and food, the incidence of infectious and communicable diseases will decrease.

text: Even though Guatemala has improved its health care system substantially since the end of the Guatemalan Civil War, mortality rates for communicable diseases still show that considerable progress needs to be made  to remove the burden of infectious diseases on the population. In a country like Guatemala, water is poor and frequently contaminated. In order to decrease common communicable diseases like diarrhea,

text: tuberculosis

text: pneumonia

text: , and respiratory disease, clean water and sanitation are necessary. With the health care system's provision of both clean water and food, the incidence of infectious and communicable diseases will decrease.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: respiratory disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculose

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: common communicable diseases like diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: In order to decrease common communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: In a country like Guatemala, water is poor and frequently contaminated

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: sanitation

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: tuberculous

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: tuberculosis

text: Communicable diseases are increased due to many pathogens and bacteria that are being transported by the water. In floods where there are many fatalities in the water there is a hygienic problem with the handling of bodies, due to the panic stricken mode that comes over a town in distress.  There are many water contaminated diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E and diarrheal diseases, to mention a few. There are certain diseases that are directly correlated with floods they include any dermatitis and any wound, nose, throat or ear infection. Gastrointestinal disease and diarrheal diseases are very common due to a lack of clean water during a flood. Most of clean water supplies are contaminated when flooding occurs. Hepatitis A and E are common because of the lack of sanitation in the water and in living quarters depending on where the flood is and how prepared the community is for a flood.

text: Communicable diseases

text: are increased due to many

text: pathogens

text: and

text: bacteria

text: that are being transported by the

text: water

text: . In floods where there are many fatalities in the water there is a

text: hygienic

text: problem with the handling of bodies, due to the

text: panic

text: stricken mode that comes over a town in distress.  There are many water

text: contaminated

text: diseases such as

text: cholera

text: hepatitis A

text: hepatitis E

text: and

text: diarrheal diseases

text: , to mention a few. There are certain diseases that are directly correlated with floods they include any

text: dermatitis

text: and any

text: wound

text: nose

text: throat

text: or

text: ear infection

text: Gastrointestinal disease

text: and diarrheal diseases are very common due to a lack of clean water during a flood. Most of clean water supplies are contaminated when flooding occurs. Hepatitis A and E are common because of the lack of

text: sanitation

text: in the water and in living quarters depending on where the flood is and how prepared the

text: community

text: is for a flood.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Communicable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: ear infection

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: E

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Hepatitis A

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Hepatitis A

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Hygienic

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: pathogens and bacteria

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: diarrheal diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens and bacteria

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Most of clean water supplies are contaminated

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Most of clean water supplies are contaminated when flooding occurs

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Communicable

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: sanitation

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Online Network (GIDEON) is a web-based program for decision support and informatics in the fields of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine.  As of 2005, more than 300 generic infectious diseases occur haphazardly in time and space and are challenged by over 250 drugs and vaccines. 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi have been described. Printed media can no longer follow the dynamics of diseases, outbreaks and epidemics in "real time."

text: Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Online Network (GIDEON) is a web-based program for decision support and

text: informatics

text: in the fields of

text: Infectious Diseases

text: and

text: Geographic Medicine

text: .  As of 2005, more than 300 generic infectious diseases occur haphazardly in time and space and are challenged by over 250 drugs and vaccines. 1,500 species of pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: virus

text: es,

text: parasites

text: and

text: fungi

text: have been described. Printed media can no longer follow the dynamics of diseases, outbreaks and epidemics in "real time."

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: As of 2005, more than 300 generic infectious diseases occur haphazardly

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: GIDEON

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 1,500 species of pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic bacteria

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogenic bacteria

text: The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) is a non-profit medical association registered in Germany that focuses on paediatric infectious diseases. Since its founding in 1983, it has grown to include over 1000 members, from all over Europe and beyond. ESPID forms the basis for European clinicians and scientists interested in all aspects of infectious diseases in children and their prevention. The society is engaged in a number of activities including the organization of multicentre trials, international exchange of paediatric infectious disease fellows, educational activities, and an annual scientific conference.

text: The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) is a

text: non-profit

text: medical association

text: registered in

text: Germany

text: that focuses on

text: paediatric

text: infectious disease

text: s. Since its founding in 1983, it has grown to include over 1000 members, from all over

text: Europe

text: and beyond. ESPID forms the basis for European

text: clinic

text: ians and scientists interested in all aspects of infectious diseases in children and their prevention. The society is engaged in a number of activities including the organization of multicentre trials, international exchange of paediatric infectious disease fellows, educational activities, and an annual scientific conference.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious diseases in children and their prevention

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: ESPID

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious diseases in children and their prevention

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Since 1995, SOD has been confirmed from southern Mendocino County to Big Sur, and is particularly severe in Marin, Santa Cruz, and Monterey Counties.  Dying trees have been observed in urban and rural forests and woodlands.  The main species of affected overstory plants are coast live oak, California black, and tanoak.  The disease has also spread to Shreve's oak, California laurel, California buckeye, bigleaf maple, toyon, huckleberry, honeysuckle, rhododendrons, and arrowroot.  Concern now exists that the pathogen may spread throughout California oak forests, be transported to the forests of other western states and even to the eastern United States.  In fact SOD was discovered in Southern Oregon through aerial survey work in 2001.  With the discovery of the pathogen on rhododendrons, there exists a much greater risk of human transport of the disease via ornamental plants.  The actual current geographic range of SOD Phytophthera is unknown.<ref>Agricultural Research Initiative. Rep. Jan. & feb. 1993. California Polytechnic State University. 9 Feb. 2009

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: SOD Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: SOD

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Phytophthera

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Phytophthera

text: The 100K Pathogen Genome Project was launched in July 2012 by Bart Weimer (UC Davis) as an academic, public, and private partnership. It aims to sequence the genomes of 100,000 infectious microorganisms to create a database of bacterial genome sequences for use in public health, outbreak detection, and bacterial pathogen detection. This will speed up the diagnosis of foodborne illnesses and shorten infectious disease outbreaks.

text: The 100K Pathogen Genome Project was launched in July 2012 by Bart Weimer (UC Davis) as an academic, public, and private partnership. It aims to sequence the genomes of 100,000 infectious microorganisms to create a database of bacterial genome sequences for use in public health, outbreak detection, and bacterial pathogen detection. This will speed up the diagnosis of

text: foodborne illness

text: es and shorten infectious disease outbreaks.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: bacterial pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This will speed up the diagnosis of foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This will speed up the diagnosis of foodborne illnesses

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: bacterial pathogen detection

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The 100K Pathogen Genome Project

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: public health

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease in a particular time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent.  Two linked cases of a rare infectious disease may be sufficient to constitute an outbreak. Outbreaks include epidemics, which term is normally only used for infectious diseases, as well as diseases with an environmental origin, such as a water or foodborne disease.  They may affect a region in a country or a group of countries. Pandemics are near-global disease outbreaks.

text: In

text: epidemiology

text: , an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a

text: disease

text: in a particular time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent.  Two linked cases of a rare

text: infectious disease

text: may be sufficient to constitute an outbreak. Outbreaks include

text: epidemic

text: s, which term is normally only used for

text: infectious disease

text: s, as well as diseases with an environmental origin, such as a water or

text: foodborne disease

text: .  They may affect a region in a country or a group of countries.

text: Pandemic

text: s are near-global disease outbreaks.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: rare infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: rare infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: water or foodborne disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: water or foodborne

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: rare infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: foodborne disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: rare infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rare infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Outbreaks

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Outbreaks include epidemics, which term is normally only used for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Outbreaks include epidemics

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Outbreaks include epidemics

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: foodborne

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Pandemic

text: Exposure to respiratory infectious diseases like tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and influenza can be reduced with the use of respirators; this exposure is a significant occupational hazard for health care professionals. Exposure to dangerous chemicals, including chemotherapy drugs, is another potential occupational risk. These drugs can cause cancer and other health conditions. Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including scabies. Health professionals are also at risk for contracting blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS through needlestick injuries or through contact with bodily fluids. This risk can be mitigated with vaccination when there is a vaccine available, like with hepatitis B. In epidemic situations, such as the 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic or the 2003 SARS outbreak, healthcare workers are at even greater risk, and were disproportionately affected in both the Ebola and SARS outbreaks. In general, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is the first-line mode of protection for healthcare workers from infectious diseases. For it to be effective against highly contagious diseases, personal protective equipment must be watertight and prevent the skin and mucous membranes from contacting infectious material. Different levels of personal protective equipment created to unique standards are used in situations where the risk of infection is different. Practices such as triple gloving and multiple respirators do not provide a higher level of protection and present a burden to the worker, who is additionally at increased risk of exposure when removing the PPE. Compliance with appropriate personal protective equipment rules may be difficult in certain situations, such as tropical environment or low-resource settings. A 2016 Cochrane systematic review found low quality evidence that using more breathable fabric in PPE, double gloving, and active training reduce the risk of contamination.

text: Exposure to respiratory infectious diseases like

text: tuberculosis

text: (caused by

text: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

text: ) and

text: influenza

text: can be reduced with the use of

text: respirator

text: s; this exposure is a significant occupational hazard for health care professionals. Exposure to dangerous chemicals, including

text: chemotherapy

text: drugs, is another potential occupational risk. These drugs can cause cancer and other health conditions. Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including

text: scabies

text: . Health professionals are also at risk for contracting blood-borne diseases like

text: hepatitis B

text: hepatitis C

text: , and

text: HIV/AIDS

text: through

text: needlestick injuries

text: or through contact with bodily fluids. This risk can be mitigated with vaccination when there is a vaccine available, like with hepatitis B. In epidemic situations, such as the 2014-2016

text: West African Ebola virus epidemic

text: or the

text: 2003 SARS outbreak

text: , healthcare workers are at even greater risk, and were disproportionately affected in both the Ebola and SARS outbreaks. In general, appropriate

text: personal protective equipment

text: (PPE) is the first-line mode of protection for healthcare workers from infectious diseases. For it to be effective against highly contagious diseases, personal protective equipment must be watertight and prevent the skin and mucous membranes from contacting infectious material. Different levels of personal protective equipment created to unique standards are used in situations where the risk of infection is different. Practices such as triple gloving and multiple respirators do not provide a higher level of protection and present a burden to the worker, who is additionally at increased risk of exposure when removing the PPE. Compliance with appropriate personal protective equipment rules may be difficult in certain situations, such as tropical environment or low-resource settings. A 2016 Cochrane systematic review found low quality evidence that using more breathable fabric in PPE, double gloving, and active training reduce the risk of contamination.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: highly contagious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: respiratory infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: blood-borne

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: hepatitis B

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections include tetanus and measles.

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: double gloving, and active training reduce the risk of contamination

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including scabies

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The proper way to wash your hands is to scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including scabies

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: blood-borne

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: chemotherapy

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: PPE

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola virus

text: The infectious isoform of PrP, known as PrP, is able to convert normal PrP proteins into the infectious isoform by changing their conformation, or shape; this, in turn, alters the way the proteins interconnect. PrP always causes prion disease. Although the exact 3D structure of PrP is not known, it has a higher proportion of β-sheet structure in place of the normal α-helix structure. Aggregations of these abnormal isoforms form highly structured amyloid fibers, which accumulate to form plaques. It is unclear as to whether these aggregates are the cause of cell damage or are simply a side-effect of the underlying disease process. The end of each fiber acts as a template onto which free protein molecules may attach, allowing the fiber to grow. Under most circumstances, only PrP molecules with an identical amino acid sequence to the infectious PrP are incorporated into the growing fiber. However, rare cross-species transmission is also possible.

text: The infectious

text: isoform

text: of PrP, known as PrP, is able to convert normal PrP proteins into the infectious isoform by changing their

text: conformation

text: , or shape; this, in turn, alters the way the proteins interconnect. PrP always causes prion disease. Although the exact 3D structure of PrP is not known, it has a higher proportion of

text: β-sheet

text: structure in place of the normal

text: α-helix

text: structure. Aggregations of these abnormal isoforms form highly structured

text: amyloid

text: fibers, which accumulate to form plaques. It is unclear as to whether these aggregates are the cause of cell damage or are simply a side-effect of the underlying disease process. The end of each fiber acts as a template onto which free protein molecules may attach, allowing the fiber to grow. Under most circumstances, only PrP molecules with an identical amino acid sequence to the infectious PrP are incorporated into the growing fiber. However, rare cross-species transmission is also possible.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The end of each fiber acts as a template onto which free protein molecules may attach

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: PrP always causes prion disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: PrP always causes prion disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: rare cross-species transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: PrP

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: PrP always causes prion disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: PrP always causes prion disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: PrP always causes prion disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: species

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prion

text: Diagnosis codes track diseases and other health conditions, inclusive of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and heart disease, and infectious diseases such as norovirus, the flu, and athlete's foot. Procedure codes track interventions performed. These diagnosis and procedure codes are used by health care providers, government health programs, private health insurance companies, workers' compensation carriers, software developers, and others for a variety of applications in medicine, public health and medical informatics, including:

text: Diagnosis code

text: s track

text: disease

text: s and other health conditions, inclusive of chronic diseases such as

text: diabetes mellitus

text: and

text: heart disease

text: , and infectious diseases such as

text: norovirus

text: , the

text: flu

text: , and

text: athlete's foot

text: Procedure code

text: s track interventions performed. These diagnosis and procedure codes are used by health care providers, government health programs, private health insurance companies, workers' compensation carriers, software developers, and others for a variety of applications in

text: medicine

text: public health

text: and

text: medical informatics

text: , including:

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: athlete's foot

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: athlete's foot

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: the flu

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: diagnosis and procedure codes

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: athlete's foot

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough and Sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Diagnosis codes track diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Norovirus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Norovirus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: procedure codes

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Diagnosis codes

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: norovirus

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: The best way to control the virus is to plant with clean seed, since the virus is spread though infected seed.  BMSV is also spread through mechanical transfer of the virus; reducing handling and movement through infected areas will help contain the disease. Sterilization of all tools and machinery, specifically irrigation systems,  used in fields will reduce the spread of BMSV. Quaternary ammonium salts and hydrogen dioxides are two common commercial products used for sterilization of horticulture tools and machinery.   Removal of infected plants can help reduce the spread of the virus.  In fields where the disease has gone unnoticed, allowing the virus to spread, it is important to prevent spread to other fields and prevent seeds from infected plants from being planted the next year, as they too are likely infected with virus.

text: The best way to control the virus is to plant with clean seed, since the virus is spread though infected seed.  BMSV is also spread through mechanical transfer of the virus; reducing handling and movement through infected areas will help contain the disease. Sterilization of all tools and machinery, specifically irrigation systems,  used in fields will reduce the spread of BMSV. Quaternary ammonium salts and hydrogen dioxides are two common commercial products used for sterilization of horticulture tools and machinery.   Removal of infected plants can help reduce the spread of the virus.  In fields where the disease has gone unnoticed, allowing the virus to spread, it is important to prevent spread to other fields and prevent seeds from infected plants from being planted the next year, as they too are likely infected with virus.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: through infected seed

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Sterilization

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: The virus is spread through infected seed

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Sterilization of all tools and machinery

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: mechanical transfer

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Ammonium salts

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: sterilization

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: BMSV

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: In the 5th century BCE, Hippocrates described a disease like TSE in cattle and sheep, which he believed also occurred in man. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus records cases of a disease with similar characteristics in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. In 1755, an outbreak of scrapie was discussed in the British House of Commons and may have been present in Britain for some time before that. Although there were unsupported claims in 1759 that the disease was contagious, in general it was thought to be due to inbreeding and countermeasures appeared to be successful. Early-20th-century experiments failed to show transmission of scrapie between animals, until extraordinary measures were taken such as the intra-ocular injection of infected nervous tissue. No direct link between scrapie and disease in man was suspected then or has been found since. TSE was first described in man by Alfons Maria Jakob in the 1921. Daniel Carleton Gajdusek's discovery that Kuru was transmitted by cannibalism accompanied by the finding of scrapie-like lesions in the brains of Kuru victims strongly suggested an infectious basis to TSE.  The priority given the search for a viral infectious agent almost cost Stanley Prusiner tenure when his research showed that a protein transferred the disease. A paradigm shift to a non-nucleic infectious entity was required when the results were validated with an explanation of how a prion protein might transmit spongiform encephalopathy. It wasn't until 1988 that the neuropathology of spongiform encephalopathy was properly described in cows. The alarming amplification of BSE in the British cattle herd heightened fear of transmission to humans and reinforced the belief in the infectious nature of TSE. This was confirmed with the identification of a Kuru-like disease, called new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, in humans exposed to BSE. Although the infectious disease model of TSE has been questioned in favour of a prion transplantation model that explains why cannibalism favours transmission, the search for a viral agent is being continued in some laboratories.

text: In the 5th century

text: BCE

text: Hippocrates

text: described a disease like TSE in cattle and sheep, which he believed also occurred in man.

text: Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus

text: records cases of a disease with similar characteristics in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. In 1755, an outbreak of

text: scrapie

text: was discussed in the British House of Commons and may have been present in Britain for some time before that. Although there were unsupported claims in 1759 that the disease was contagious, in general it was thought to be due to inbreeding and countermeasures appeared to be successful. Early-20th-century experiments failed to show transmission of

text: scrapie

text: between animals, until extraordinary measures were taken such as the intra-ocular injection of infected nervous tissue. No direct link between

text: scrapie

text: and disease in man was suspected then or has been found since. TSE was first described in man by

text: Alfons Maria Jakob

text: in the 1921.

text: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek

text: 's discovery that Kuru was transmitted by cannibalism accompanied by the finding of scrapie-like lesions in the brains of Kuru victims strongly suggested an infectious basis to TSE.  The priority given the search for a viral infectious agent almost cost

text: Stanley Prusiner

text: tenure when his research showed that a protein transferred the disease. A paradigm shift to a non-nucleic infectious entity was required when the results were validated with an explanation of how a

text: prion

text: protein might transmit spongiform encephalopathy. It wasn't until 1988 that the neuropathology of spongiform encephalopathy was properly described in cows. The alarming amplification of

text: BSE

text: in the British cattle herd heightened fear of transmission to humans and reinforced the belief in the infectious nature of TSE. This was confirmed with the identification of a Kuru-like disease, called new variant

text: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

text: , in humans exposed to

text: BSE

text: . Although the infectious disease model of TSE has been questioned in favour of a

text: prion

text: transplantation model that explains why cannibalism favours transmission, the search for a viral agent is being continued in some laboratories.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: TSE

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viral infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viral infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: TSE

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: TSE

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: TSE

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: TSE

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: TSE was first described in man

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: TSE was first described in man

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The priority given the search for a viral infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Non-nucleic infectious entity

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: prion proteins might transmit spongiform encephalopathy

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: TSE

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: spongiform encephalopathy

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: spongiform encephalopathy

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: TSE is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prion

text: The main diseases that cause an increased excretion of faecal calprotectin are  inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease, infectious colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal cystic fibrosis and colorectal cancer.

text: The main diseases that cause an increased excretion of faecal calprotectin are

text: inflammatory bowel diseases

text: coeliac disease

text: infectious colitis

text: necrotizing enterocolitis

text: , intestinal

text: cystic fibrosis

text: and

text: colorectal cancer

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: inflammatory

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: intestinal cystic fibrosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: enterocolitis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: enterocolitis

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: coeliac disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: intestinal cystic fibrosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Necrotizing enterocolitis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: inflammatory bowel diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: enterocolitis

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: inflammatory

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: calprotectin

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: calprotectin

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: cancer

text: Yellow fever causes 200,000 infections and 30,000 deaths every year, with nearly 90% of these occurring in Africa. Nearly a billion people live in an area of the world where the disease is common. It is common in tropical areas of South America and Africa, but not in Asia. Since the 1980s, the number of cases of yellow fever has been increasing. This is believed to be due to fewer people being immune, more people living in cities, people moving frequently, and changing climate. The disease originated in Africa, from where it spread to South America through the slave trade in the 17th century. Since the 17th century, several major outbreaks of the disease have occurred in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. In the 18th and 19th centuries, yellow fever was seen as one of the most dangerous infectious diseases. In 1927 yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated.

text: Yellow fever causes 200,000 infections and 30,000 deaths every year, with nearly 90% of these occurring in Africa. Nearly a billion people live in an area of the world where the disease is common. It is common in

text: tropical

text: areas of

text: South America

text: and

text: Africa

text: , but not in

text: Asia

text: . Since the 1980s, the number of cases of yellow fever has been increasing. This is believed to be due to fewer people being immune, more people living in cities, people moving frequently, and

text: changing climate

text: . The disease originated in Africa, from where it spread to South America through the

text: slave trade

text: in the 17th century. Since the 17th century, several major

text: outbreaks

text: of the disease have occurred in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. In the 18th and 19th centuries, yellow fever was seen as one of the most dangerous

text: infectious disease

text: s. In 1927 yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: human virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: the slave trade

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is common in tropical areas of South America and Africa

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: the slave trade

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immune

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: Transmission-based precautions remain in effect for limited periods of time (i.e., while the risk for transmission of the infectious agent persists or for the duration of the illness (Appendix A). For most infectious diseases, this duration reflects known patterns of persistence and shedding of infectious agents associated with the natural history of the infectious process and its treatment. For some diseases (e.g., pharyngeal or cutaneous diphtheria, RSV), transmission-based precautions remain in effect until culture or antigen-detection test results document eradication of the pathogen and, for RSV, symptomatic disease is resolved. For other diseases, (e.g., M. tuberculosis) state laws and regulations, and healthcare facility policies, may dictate the duration of precautions12). In immunocompromised patients, viral shedding can persist for prolonged periods of time (many weeks to months) and transmission to others may occur during that time; therefore, the duration of contact and/or droplet precautions may be prolonged for many weeks. The duration of contact precautions for patients who are colonized or infected with MDROs remains undefined. MRSA is the only MDRO for which effective decolonization regimens are available. However, carriers of MRSA who have negative nasal cultures after a course of systemic or topical therapy may resume shedding MRSA in the weeks that follow therapy. Although early guidelines for VRE suggested discontinuation of contact precautions after three stool cultures obtained at weekly intervals proved negative, subsequent experiences have indicated that such screening may fail to detect colonization that can persist for >1 year. Likewise, available data indicate that colonization with VRE, MRSA, and possibly MDR-GNB, can persist for many months, especially in the presence of severe underlying disease, invasive devices, and recurrent courses of antimicrobial agents. It may be prudent to assume that MDRO carriers are colonized permanently and manage them accordingly. Alternatively, an interval free of hospitalizations, antimicrobial therapy, and invasive devices (e.g., 6 or 12 months) before reculturing patients to document clearance of carriage may be used. Determination of the best strategy awaits the results of additional studies. See the 2006 HICPAC/CDC MDRO guideline  for discussion of possible criteria to discontinue contact precautions for patients colonized or infected with MDROs.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: MRSA

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: RSV

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: MDR-GNB

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: M. tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: M. tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: MRSA

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: MDR-GNB

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: diphtheria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: RSV

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: M. tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: For most infectious diseases, this duration reflects known patterns of persistence

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: MRSA

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Transmission-based precautions remain in effect for limited periods of time

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact precautions remain in effect for limited periods of time

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Transmission-based precautions remain in effect

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: RSV

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Transmission-based precautions remain in effect for limited periods of time

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: For most infectious diseases, this duration reflects known patterns of persistence and shedding of infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: For most infectious diseases, this duration reflects known patterns of persistence and shedding of infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: MDROs

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: most infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial agents

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: MDR-GNB

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: MRSA

text: Vaccines have historically been the most effective means to fight and eradicate infectious diseases. Limitations to their effectiveness, nevertheless, exist. Sometimes, protection fails because the host's immune system simply does not respond adequately or at all. Lack of response commonly results from clinical factors such as diabetes, steroid use, HIV infection or age. It also might fail for genetic reasons if the host's immune system includes no strains of B cells that can generate antibodies suited to reacting effectively and binding to the antigens associated with the pathogen.

text: Vaccines have historically been the most effective means to fight and eradicate infectious diseases. Limitations to their effectiveness, nevertheless, exist. Sometimes, protection fails because the host's immune system simply does not respond adequately or at all. Lack of response commonly results from clinical factors such as

text: diabetes

text: , steroid use,

text: HIV infection

text: or age. It also might fail for genetic reasons if the host's immune system includes no strains of

text: B cell

text: s that can generate

text: antibodies

text: suited to reacting effectively and binding to the

text: antigen

text: s associated with the

text: pathogen

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: antigens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: HIV infection

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: B cells

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Lack of response commonly results from clinical factors

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Vaccines

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: antigens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It also might fail for genetic reasons

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: steroid

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: Halloran studies causal inference and the biostatistics of infectious diseases. She is a long-term collaborator with University of Florida researcher Ira Longini, with whom she studies the spread of influenza. She has also been quoted as an expert on the mortality rates of other diseases such as ebola and cholera, and the factors influencing those rates.

text: Halloran studies

text: causal inference

text: and the biostatistics of

text: infectious disease

text: s. She is a long-term collaborator with

text: University of Florida

text: researcher

text: Ira Longini

text: , with whom she studies the spread of

text: influenza

text: . She has also been quoted as an expert on the mortality rates of other diseases such as

text: ebola

text: and

text: cholera

text: , and the factors influencing those rates.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: ebola

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: ebola

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Halloran

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Ira Longini

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Halloran

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: spread

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). EID is a public domain journal and covers global instances of new and reemerging infectious diseases, putting greater emphasis on disease emergence, prevention, control, and elimination. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal’s 2016 impact factor is 6.99, ranking it 4th out of 82 journals in the infectious disease category. The journal also has a 2016 Google Scholar h5-index score of 79, ranking it 2nd in both the epidemiology category  and among open-access epidemiological journals, as well as 4th in the communicable diseases category and 1st among open-access communicable disease journals.

text: Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is an

text: open-access

text: peer-reviewed journal

text: published by the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC). EID is a

text: public domain

text: journal and covers global instances of new and reemerging

text: infectious diseases

text: , putting greater emphasis on disease emergence,

text: prevention

text: , control, and elimination. According to

text: Journal Citation Reports

text: , the journal’s 2016

text: impact factor

text: is 6.99, ranking it 4th out of 82 journals in the infectious disease category. The journal also has a 2016

text: Google Scholar

text: score of 79, ranking it 2nd in both the

text: epidemiology

text: category  and among open-access epidemiological journals, as well as 4th in the

text: communicable diseases

text: category and 1st among open-access communicable disease journals.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Emerging Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Emerging Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: EID is a public domain journal

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Emerging Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Journal Citation Reports

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: (CDC)

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Dissemination of the pathogen is restricted to the movements of infected leaf debris via equipment, people, animals, wind, or water. When environmental conditions become favorable for pathogen activity (warm, humid, high moisture in canopy), the dormant mycelia and stromata on the infected debris resume growing on the plant tissues. If moisture is sufficient in the turf canopy, mycelium can begin to penetrate new leaves and new host, causing infection.

text: Dissemination of the pathogen is restricted to the movements of infected leaf debris via equipment, people, animals, wind, or water. When environmental conditions become favorable for pathogen activity (warm, humid, high moisture in canopy), the dormant mycelia and stromata on the infected debris resume growing on the plant tissues. If moisture is sufficient in the turf canopy, mycelium can begin to penetrate new leaves and new host, causing infection.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: leaf debris

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: people, animals, wind, or water

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Animals

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: mycelia and stromata

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Dissemination of the pathogen is restricted to the movements of infected leaf debris

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Dissemination

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: the movements of infected leaf debris

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Dissemination

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Dissemination of the pathogen is restricted to the movements of infected leaf debris

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: mycelium can begin to penetrate new leaves and new host

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: host

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: An infectious disease is caused by the presence of organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites (either animalian or protozoan).  Most of these diseases are spread directly from dog to dog, while others require a vector such as a tick or mosquito.  Certain infectious diseases are a concern from a public health standpoint because they are zoonoses (transmittable to humans).

text: An infectious disease is caused by the presence of organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites (either animalian or

text: protozoa

text: n).  Most of these diseases are spread directly from dog to dog, while others require a

text: vector

text: such as a

text: tick

text: or

text: mosquito

text: .  Certain infectious diseases are a concern from a public health standpoint because they are

text: zoonoses

text: (transmittable to humans).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: zoonoses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: dog to dog

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: tick or mosquito

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: a tick

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: dog to dog

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: a tick or mosquito

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: zoonoses

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: zoonoses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Most of these diseases are spread directly from dog to dog

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Most of these diseases are spread directly from dog to dog

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Most of these diseases are spread directly from dog to dog

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: zoonoses

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: An infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: An infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasites

text: The genus Marburgvirus is the taxonomic home of one species, Marburg marburgvirus, whose members are the two known marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). Both viruses cause Marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever, and both are Select Agents, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents, and are listed as a Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.

text: The

text: genus

text: Marburgvirus is the

text: taxonomic

text: home of one

text: species

text: Marburg marburgvirus

text: , whose members are the two known marburgviruses,

text: Marburg virus (MARV)

text: and

text: Ravn virus (RAVV)

text: . Both viruses cause

text: Marburg virus disease

text: in

text: human

text: s and nonhuman

text: primates

text: , a form of

text: viral hemorrhagic fever

text: , and both are

text: Select Agent

text: s,

text: World Health Organization

text: Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring

text: Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment

text: National Institutes of Health

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: Category A Priority Pathogens,

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: Category A Bioterrorism Agents

text: , and are listed as a Biological Agents for Export Control by the

text: Australia Group

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Marburg virus disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Marburg virus disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: viral hemorrhagic fever

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: primates

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Marburg virus disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Marburg virus disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Biological Agents for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Biological Agents for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Biological Agents for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Biological Agents for Export Control

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Biological

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Bioterrorism Agents

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Pathogens

text: There have been cases of independent groups being diagnosed with infectious, contagious, rare, and in cases deadly diseases. When the happens there has to be immediate action taken from the government or approved medical personnel. When one person is sick, what usually happens is that a family member or friend might try taking care of their loved one, and slowly that is how the disease starts spreading to other people within the same community. Death rates increase and the cure to the illness is non existent. That is when the enclosure of all indisposed people occurs, they put all the sick people in a contained area to further examine the symptoms and to prevent outspread. The people residing in this closed community are revised constantly and given vacciens, treatments, remedies, some natural and some made in laboratories. Usually the awareness of such communities come through the word "quarantine" being said on the news, or fictional horror movies and shows.

text: There have been cases of independent groups being diagnosed with infectious, contagious, rare, and in cases deadly diseases. When the happens there has to be immediate action taken from the government or approved medical personnel. When one person is sick, what usually happens is that a family member or friend might try taking care of their loved one, and slowly that is how the disease starts spreading to other people within the same community. Death rates increase and the cure to the illness is non existent. That is when the enclosure of all indisposed people occurs, they put all the sick people in a contained area to further examine the symptoms and to prevent outspread. The people residing in this closed community are revised constantly and given vacciens, treatments, remedies, some natural and some made in laboratories. Usually the awareness of such communities come through the word "

text: quarantine

text: " being said on the news, or fictional horror movies and shows.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: deadly

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: person

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: deadly diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: deadly

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: deadly diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: the cure to the illness is non existent

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Quarantine

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: when one person is sick

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Death rates increase and the cure to the illness is non existent

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: the cure to the illness is non existent

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vacciens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vacciens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: To those in close contact with the dead, such as rescue workers, there is a health risk from chronic infectious diseases which those killed may have been suffering from and which spread by direct contact, including hepatitis B and hepatitis C, HIV, enteric intestinal pathogens, tuberculosis, cholera and others.

text: To those in close contact with the dead, such as rescue workers, there is a health risk from chronic infectious diseases which those killed may have been suffering from and which spread by direct contact, including hepatitis B and hepatitis C, HIV, enteric intestinal pathogens, tuberculosis, cholera and others.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: enteric intestinal pathogens, tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: dead

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: enteric intestinal pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: direct contact

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: direct contact

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: direct contact

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is the proper way to wash your hands

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: A pit latrine or pit toilet is a type of toilet that collects human feces in a hole in the ground. They use either no water or one to three liters per flush with pour-flush pit latrines. When properly built and maintained they can decrease the spread of disease by reducing the amount of human feces in the environment from open defecation. This decreases the transfer of pathogens between feces and food by flies. These pathogens are major causes of infectious diarrhea and intestinal worm infections. Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 700,000 deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.

text: A pit latrine or pit toilet is a type of

text: toilet

text: that collects

text: human feces

text: in a hole in the ground. They use either no

text: water

text: or one to three liters per flush with pour-flush pit latrines. When properly built and maintained they can decrease the spread of disease by reducing the amount of human feces in the environment from

text: open defecation

text: . This decreases the transfer of

text: pathogens

text: between feces and food by

text: flies

text: . These pathogens are major causes of

text: infectious diarrhea

text: and

text: intestinal worm infections

text: . Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 700,000 deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: intestinal worm infections

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: flies

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: intestinal worm infections

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: flies

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fly

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: flies

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: flies

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: intestinal worm infections

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This decreases the transfer of pathogens

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Pit latrine or pit toilet

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: intestinal worm infections

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Pit latrine

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: intestinal worm infections

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: intestinal worm infections

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pit latrine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Thus both infectious diseases and populations tend to evolve towards an equilibrium in which the common diseases are non-symptomatic, mild or manageably chronic.  When a population that has been relatively isolated is exposed to new diseases, it has no resistance to the new diseases (the population is "biologically naive").  These people die at a much higher rate, resulting in what is known as a "virgin soil" epidemic.  Before the European arrival, the Americas had been isolated from the Eurasian-African landmass.  The peoples of the Old World had had thousands of years for their populations to accommodate to their common diseases.

text: Thus both infectious diseases and populations tend to evolve towards an equilibrium in which the common diseases are non-symptomatic, mild or manageably chronic.  When a population that has been relatively isolated is exposed to new diseases, it has no resistance to the new diseases (the population is "biologically naive").  These people die at a much higher rate, resulting in what is known as a

text: "virgin soil" epidemic

text: .  Before the European arrival, the Americas had been isolated from the Eurasian-African landmass.  The peoples of the Old World had had thousands of years for their populations to accommodate to their common diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: non-symptomatic

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: new diseases

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: European

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: chronic

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: non-symptomatic

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: "virgin soil"

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: What is known as a "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: What is known as a "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: "virgin soil" epidemic

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: The International Journal of Infectious Diseases (IJID) is an open-access, peer-reviewed monthly journal that serves to convey information on the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and control of infections. The journal’s primary audience includes infectious disease researchers and clinicians throughout the world. The Journal seeks to enhance the reader's understanding of the medical and cultural factors that affect infectious diseases in different regions, particularly those of under-resourced countries. This approach provides insight into outbreak characteristics with the opportunity to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases.

text: The International Journal of Infectious Diseases (IJID) is an open-access, peer-reviewed monthly journal that serves to convey information on the

text: epidemiology

text: , clinical evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and control of infections. The journal’s primary audience includes infectious disease researchers and clinicians throughout the world. The Journal seeks to enhance the reader's understanding of the medical and cultural factors that affect infectious diseases in different regions, particularly those of under-resourced countries. This approach provides insight into outbreak characteristics with the opportunity to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This approach provides insight into outbreak characteristics with the opportunity to prevent morbidity and mortality

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: prevent morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The journal’s primary audience includes infectious disease researchers and clinicians throughout the world

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Diseases (IJID)

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The International Journal of Infectious Diseases (IJID)

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: control

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: The establishment and spread of infectious diseases is a complex phenomenon with many interacting factors, e.g., the environment in which the pathogen and hosts are situated, the population(s) it is exposed to, and the intra- and inter-dynamics of the population it is exposed to. The role of mathematical epidemiology is to model the establishment and spread of pathogens. A predominant method of doing so, is to use the notion of abstracting the population into compartments under certain assumptions, which represent their health status with respect to the pathogen in the system. One of the cornerstone works to achieve success in this method was done by Kermack and McKendrick in the early 1900s.

text: The establishment and spread of infectious diseases is a complex phenomenon with many interacting factors, e.g., the environment in which the pathogen and hosts are situated, the population(s) it is exposed to, and the intra- and inter-dynamics of the population it is exposed to. The role of mathematical epidemiology is to model the establishment and spread of pathogens. A predominant method of doing so, is to use the notion of abstracting the population into compartments under certain

entity_name: Mathematical modelling of infectious disease

text: assumptions

text: , which represent their health status with respect to the pathogen in the system. One of the cornerstone works to achieve success in this method was done by Kermack and McKendrick in the early 1900s.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: establishment and spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Kermack and McKendrick

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Kermack and McKendrick

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Hosts

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Kermack and McKendrick

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: epidemiology

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Unlike other kinds of infectious disease, which are spread by microbes, the infectious agent in TSEs is believed to be a type of protein, called the prion protein. Misshapen prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain. TSEs are unique diseases in that their aetiology may be genetic, sporadic, or infectious via ingestion of infected foodstuffs and via iatrogenic means (e.g., blood transfusion). Most TSEs are sporadic and occur in an animal with no prion protein mutation. Inherited TSE occurs in animals carrying a rare mutant prion allele, which expresses prion proteins that contort by themselves into the disease-causing conformation. Transmission occurs when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. In recent times, a type of TSE called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) spread in cattle in an epidemic fashion. This occurred because cattle were fed the processed remains of other cattle, a practice now banned in many countries.

text: Unlike other kinds of infectious disease, which are spread by

text: microbe

text: s, the infectious agent in TSEs is believed to be a type of

text: protein

text: , called the

text: prion

text: protein. Misshapen prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the

text: brain

text: . TSEs are unique diseases in that their

text: aetiology

text: may be genetic, sporadic, or infectious via ingestion of infected foodstuffs and via

text: iatrogenic

text: means (e.g., blood transfusion). Most TSEs are sporadic and occur in an animal with no prion protein mutation. Inherited TSE occurs in animals carrying a rare

text: mutant

text: prion

text: allele

text: , which expresses prion proteins that contort by themselves into the disease-causing

text: conformation

text: . Transmission occurs when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease. In recent times, a type of TSE called

text: bovine spongiform encephalopathy

text: (BSE) spread in

text: cattle

text: in an epidemic fashion. This occurred because cattle were fed the processed remains of other cattle, a practice now banned in many countries.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Transmission occurs when healthy animals consume tainted tissues from others with the disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: TSEs

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: banned

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prion

text: An infectious disease is said to be endemic when it can be sustained in a population without the need for external inputs. This means that, on average, each infected person is infecting exactly one other person (any more and the number of people infected will grow exponentially and there will be an epidemic, any less and the disease will die out). In mathematical terms, that is:

text: An infectious disease is said to be

text: endemic

text: when it can be sustained in a population without the need for external inputs. This means that, on average, each infected person is infecting exactly one other person (any more and the number of people infected will

text: grow exponentially

text: and there will be an

text: epidemic

text: , any less and the disease will die out). In mathematical terms, that is:

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: external inputs

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: person

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: An infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: An infectious disease can be sustained in a population without the need for external inputs

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: the number of people infected will grow exponentially

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: None of the above choices.

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: An infectious disease can be sustained in a population without the need for external inputs

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: An infectious disease is said to be endemic

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: on average, each infected person is infecting exactly one other person

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: external inputs

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: external inputs

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: external inputs

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: external inputs

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: A gene for the normal protein has been identified: the PRNP gene. In all inherited cases of prion disease, there is a mutation in the PRNP gene.  Many different PRNP mutations have been identified and these proteins are more likely to fold into abnormal prion. Although this discovery puts a hole in the general prion hypothesis, that prions can aggregate only proteins of identical amino acid make-up.  These mutations can occur throughout the gene. Some mutations involve expansion of the octapeptide repeat region at the N-terminal of PrP. Other mutations that have been identified as a cause of inherited prion disease occur at positions 102, 117 & 198 (GSS), 178, 200, 210 & 232 (CJD) and 178 (Fatal Familial Insomnia, FFI).  The cause of prion disease can be sporadic, genetic, or infectious, or a combination of these factors. For example, to have scrapie, both an infectious agent and a susceptible genotype must be present.

text: A

text: gene

text: for the normal protein has been identified: the

text: PRNP

text: gene. In all inherited cases of prion disease, there is a

text: mutation

text: in the PRNP gene.  Many different PRNP mutations have been identified and these proteins are more likely to fold into abnormal prion. Although this discovery puts a hole in the general prion hypothesis, that prions can aggregate only proteins of identical amino acid make-up.  These mutations can occur throughout the gene. Some mutations involve expansion of the octapeptide repeat region at the N-terminal of PrP. Other mutations that have been identified as a cause of inherited prion disease occur at positions 102, 117 & 198 (GSS), 178, 200, 210 & 232 (CJD) and 178 (

text: Fatal Familial Insomnia

text: , FFI).  The cause of prion disease can be

text: sporadic

text: genetic

text: , or

text: infectious

text: , or a combination of these factors. For example, to have scrapie, both an infectious agent and a susceptible genotype must be present.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: an infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: prion disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: prion disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: PRNP

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: PRNP mutations

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: PRNP

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: prion disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prion

text: On April 10, Dr. Jim Hughes, the head of infectious disease at the CDC, confirming the warnings of Hong Kong health officials, claimed that he believed that SARS could no longer be eradicated in the Far East.  However, he remained hopeful that it could be prevented from spreading widely in North America.

text: On April 10, Dr. Jim Hughes, the head of infectious disease at the

text: CDC

text: , confirming the warnings of Hong Kong health officials, claimed that he believed that SARS could no longer be eradicated in the Far East.  However, he remained hopeful that it could be prevented from spreading widely in North America.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: SARS could no longer be eradicated

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: eradicated

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: eradicated

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: SARS

text: Jonathan Juliano has led research efforts in infectious diseases and genetics, with the goal of improving our understanding of how infections cause disease, how infectious agents evolve, and how the genetic diversity impacts our understanding of drug resistance. His work has focused on malaria; however he has worked with other agents as well. In particular, he is interested in understanding within host genetic diversity of malaria infections, as each infection may contain multiple genetically different parasite strains, and the impact of this diversity on drug and vaccine efficacy. His work in this area has called into question some of the current practices of how clinical trials for malaria are conducted. He has been the recipient of several awards including the Merle A. Sande/Pfizer Fellowship Award in International Diseases and the Terry Lee Award from the North Carolina Infectious Disease Society. He has also authored articles and a book chapter concerning the clinical care of malaria.Dr. Jonathan Juliano collaborates with Dr. Carla Cerami at the University of North Carolina and with Dr. Steve M. Taylor at Duke University School of Medicine.

text: Carla Cerami

text: at the

text: University of North Carolina

text: and with Dr.

text: Steve M. Taylor

text: at

text: Duke University School of Medicine

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: He has led research efforts in infectious diseases and genetics

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: His work has focused on malaria

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: His work has focused on malaria; however he has worked with other agents as well

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: drug resistance

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: He has led research efforts in infectious diseases and genetics

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: drug resistance

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasite

text: Dr. Eugene "Gene" Johnson is an American virologist who specializes in filoviruses like Ebola, and Marburg. Formerly of USAMRIID, the United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease, he is currently on staff at the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center. While at USAMRIID, Johnson coordinated the first efforts to identify the vector for Marburg virus in Kitum cave, Kenya. He also participated in the joint Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/USAMRIID containment of the 1989 Reston Ebola outbreak near Washington DC.

text: Dr. Eugene "Gene" Johnson is an American

text: virologist

text: who specializes in

text: filoviruses

text: like

text: Ebola

text: , and

text: Marburg

text: . Formerly of

text: USAMRIID

text: , the United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease, he is currently on staff at the

entity_name: National Center for Medical Intelligence

text: Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center

text: . While at USAMRIID, Johnson coordinated the first efforts to identify the vector for Marburg virus in

text: Kitum cave

text: Kenya

text: . He also participated in the joint

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: /USAMRIID containment of the 1989

text: Reston Ebola outbreak

text: near

text: Washington DC

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: filoviruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Marburg

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: filovirus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: kitum cave

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: filoviruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: filoviruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Marburg

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Johnson

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Johnson

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Marburg virus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Marburg

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Prevention

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: filovirus

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: filovirus

text: Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Proteins (NRAMPs) are members of the Metal Ion (Mn-iron) Transporter (NRAMP) Family (TC# 2.A.55). The NRAMP family is a member of the large APC Superfamily of secondary carriers. Homologues of this family are found in various yeasts, plants, animals, archaea, and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria termed "natural resistance-associated" macrophage proteins because one of the animal homologues plays a role in resistance to intracellular bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Leishmania donovani and Mycobacterium bovis. The natural history of SLC11 genes in vertebrates has been discussed by Neves et al. (2011). Proposed to be a distant member of the APC Superfamily, several human pathologies may result from defects in NRAMP-dependent Fe or Mn transport, including iron overload, neurodegenerative diseases and innate susceptibility to infectious diseases.

text: Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Proteins (NRAMPs) are members of the Metal Ion (Mn-iron) Transporter (NRAMP) Family (TC# 2.A.55). The NRAMP family is a member of the large

text: APC Superfamily

text: of secondary carriers. Homologues of this family are found in various

text: yeast

text: s,

text: plant

text: s,

text: animal

text: s,

text: archaea

text: , and

text: Gram-negative

text: and

text: Gram-positive bacteria

text: termed "natural resistance-associated"

text: macrophage

text: proteins because one of the animal homologues plays a role in resistance to intracellular bacterial

text: pathogen

text: s such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,

text: Leishmania donovani

text: and

text: Mycobacterium bovis

text: . The natural history of SLC11 genes in vertebrates has been discussed by Neves et al. (2011). Proposed to be a distant member of the

text: APC Superfamily

text: , several human pathologies may result from defects in NRAMP-dependent Fe or Mn transport, including iron overload, neurodegenerative diseases and innate susceptibility to infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: intracellular bacterial pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Mycobacterium bovis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Mycobacterium bovis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Macrophage

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Leishmania donovani

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Mycobacterium bovis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The NRAMP family

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Leishmania donovani

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: NRAMPs

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: innate susceptibility to infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Leishmania donovani

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Homologues of this family

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: NRAMPs

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Mycobacterium bovis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Mycobacterium bovis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: secondary carriers

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Gram-positive

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Mn-iron

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: intracellular bacterial

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: An important question in the field of immunology is how the immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells is modulated during the course of an ongoing immune response.  While the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells prevents the development of autoimmune disease, it is not desirable during immune responses to infectious microorganisms. Current hypotheses suggest that, upon encounter with infectious microorganisms, the activity of regulatory T cells may be downregulated, either directly or indirectly, by other cells to facilitate elimination of the infection. Experimental evidence from mouse models suggests that some pathogens may have evolved to manipulate regulatory T cells to immunosuppress the host and so potentiate their own survival. For example, regulatory T cell activity has been reported to increase in several infectious contexts, such as retroviral infections (the most well-known of which is HIV), mycobacterial infections (like tuberculosis), and various parasitic infections including Leishmania and malaria.

text: An important question in the field of immunology is how the immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells is modulated during the course of an ongoing immune response.  While the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells prevents the development of autoimmune disease, it is not desirable during immune responses to infectious microorganisms. Current hypotheses suggest that, upon encounter with infectious microorganisms, the activity of regulatory T cells may be downregulated, either directly or indirectly, by other cells to facilitate elimination of the infection. Experimental evidence from mouse models suggests that some pathogens may have evolved to manipulate regulatory T cells to immunosuppress the host and so potentiate their own survival. For example, regulatory T cell activity has been reported to increase in several infectious contexts, such as

text: retroviral

text: infections (the most well-known of which is

text: HIV

text: ), mycobacterial infections (like

text: tuberculosis

text: ), and various parasitic infections including

text: Leishmania

text: and

text: malaria

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: autoimmune disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: HIV, mycobacterial infections (like tuberculosis), and various parasitic infections

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: retroviral infections

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: mycobacterial infections

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: retrovirus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Leishmania

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Leishmania

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: parasitic infections including Leishmania and malaria

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Leishmania

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells prevents the development of autoimmune disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Leishmania

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: mycobacterial infections

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immunosuppressive

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Foot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease (Aphthae epizooticae) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids. The virus causes a high fever for approximately two to six days, followed by  blisters inside the mouth and on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness.

text: Foot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease (Aphthae epizooticae) is an

text: infectious

text: and sometimes fatal

text: viral

text: disease

text: that affects

text: cloven-hoof

text: ed

text: animals

text: , including domestic and wild

text: bovid

text: s. The virus causes a high fever for approximately two to six days, followed by

text: blisters

text: inside the mouth and on the feet that may rupture and cause

text: lameness

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: bovids

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: fatal viral disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Aphthae epizooticae

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Foot-and-Mouth Disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It does not say.

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: domestic and wild bovids

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Aphthae epizooticae

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: The virus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: viral disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Aphthae epizooticae

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Aphthae epizooticae

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Aphthae epizooticae

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Aphthae

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: epizooticae

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: Foodborne and infectious diseases can result in malnutrition, and malnutrition exacerbates infectious disease. Poor nutrition leaves children and adults more susceptible to contracting life-threatening diseases such as diarrheal infections and respiratory infections. According to the WHO, in 2011, 6.9 million children died of infectious diseases like pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and neonatal conditions, of which at least one third were associated with undernutrition.

text: Foodborne and infectious diseases can result in malnutrition, and malnutrition exacerbates infectious disease. Poor nutrition leaves children and adults more susceptible to contracting life-threatening diseases such as diarrheal infections and respiratory infections. According to the WHO, in 2011, 6.9 million children died of infectious diseases like pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and neonatal conditions, of which at least one third were associated with undernutrition.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Foodborne

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: diarrheal infections

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Foodborne

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Foodborne

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Foodborne and infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Malnutrition

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 6.9 million children died of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Malnutrition

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Foodborne

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Foodborne

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Foodborne and infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Foodborne

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: malaria

text: An individual may only develop signs of an infection after a period of subclinical infection, a duration that  is called the incubation period. This is the case, for example, for subclinical sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS and genital warts.  Individuals with such subclinical infections, and those that never develop overt illness, creates a reserve of individuals that can transmit an infectious agent to infect other individuals. Because such cases of infections do not come to clinical attention, health statistics can often fail to measure the true prevalence of an infection in a population, and this prevents the accurate modeling of its infectious transmission.

text: An individual may only develop signs of an infection after a period of subclinical infection, a duration that  is called the

text: incubation period

text: . This is the case, for example, for subclinical

text: sexually transmitted disease

text: s such as

text: AIDS

text: and

text: genital warts

text: .  Individuals with such subclinical infections, and those that never develop overt illness, creates a reserve of individuals that can

text: transmit

text: an

text: infectious agent

text: to

text: infect

text: other individuals. Because such cases of infections do not come to clinical attention,

text: health statistics

text: can often fail to measure the true

text: prevalence

text: of an infection in a

text: population

text: , and this prevents the accurate

text: modeling of its infectious transmission

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: sexually transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: subclinical

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: genital warts

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: genital warts

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: genital warts

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: sexually transmitted

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: subclinical sexually transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: subclinical sexually transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: subclinical sexually transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital warts

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: incubation period

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: subclinical sexually transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: subclinical

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: subclinical

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: subclinical sexually transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: sexually transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious agent

text: There would be billions of disease carrying vectors, in the form of city residents, lying deceased in cities caused by the direct nuclear weapons effects alone, with the surviving few billion people spread out in rural communities living agrarian lifestyles, with the survivors therefore posing a way of living far less prone to creating the crowded slum living conditions required for infectious diseases to spread. Moreover, as reported in a paper published in the journal Public Health Reports, it is also one of a number of prevalent myths that infectious diseases always occur after a disaster in cities.

text: There would be billions of disease carrying

text: vectors

text: , in the form of city residents, lying deceased in cities caused by the direct nuclear weapons effects alone, with the surviving few billion people spread out in rural communities living agrarian lifestyles, with the survivors therefore posing a way of living far less prone to creating the crowded

text: slum

text: living conditions required for infectious diseases to spread. Moreover, as reported in a paper published in the journal Public Health Reports, it is also one of a number of prevalent myths that infectious diseases always occur after a disaster in cities.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: city residents

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: nuclear weapons effects

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is also one of a number of prevalent myths

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: in the form of city residents

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: infectious diseases always occur after a disaster in cities

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Public Health

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: vectors

text: Xenodiagnosis is a diagnostic method used to document the presence of infectious disease microorganisms or pathogens by exposing possibly infected tissue to a vector and then examining the vector for the presence of the microorganisms or pathogens it may have ingested.

text: Xenodiagnosis is a

text: diagnostic method

text: used to document the presence of

text: infectious disease

text: microorganisms or

text: pathogen

text: s by exposing possibly infected

text: tissue

text: to a

text: vector

text: and then examining the vector for the presence of the microorganisms or pathogens it may have ingested.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: a vector

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Xenodiagnosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Xenodiagnosis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: ingested

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Xenodiagnosis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Xenodiagnosis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Xenodiagnosis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope. In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter (known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution. In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria, but did not pursue the idea. At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium – this was part of the germ theory of disease. In 1898, the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent. He observed that the agent multiplied only in cells that were dividing, but as his experiments did not show that it was made of particles, he called it a contagium vivum fluidum (soluble living germ) and re-introduced the word virus. Beijerinck maintained that viruses were liquid in nature, a theory later discredited by Wendell Stanley, who proved they were particulate. In the same year Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus – agent of foot-and-mouth disease (aphthovirus) – through a similar filter.

text: Louis Pasteur

text: was unable to find a causative agent for

text: rabies

text: and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope. In 1884, the French

text: microbiologist

text: Charles Chamberland

text: invented a filter (known today as the

text: Chamberland filter

text: or the Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution. In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the

text: tobacco mosaic virus

text: . His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a

text: toxin

text: produced by bacteria, but did not pursue the idea. At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium – this was part of the

text: germ theory of disease

text: . In 1898, the Dutch microbiologist

text: Martinus Beijerinck

text: repeated the experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent. He observed that the agent multiplied only in cells that were dividing, but as his experiments did not show that it was made of particles, he called it a

text: contagium vivum fluidum

text: (soluble living germ) and re-introduced the word virus. Beijerinck maintained that viruses were liquid in nature, a theory later discredited by

text: Wendell Stanley

text: , who proved they were particulate. In the same year

text: Friedrich Loeffler

text: and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus – agent of

text: foot-and-mouth disease

text: aphthovirus

text: ) – through a similar filter.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 1: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with significant gaps or inaccuracy.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 1: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with significant gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 1: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with significant gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 2: The answer has limited relevance and completeness, with noticeable gaps or inaccuracies.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0: The answer is not relevant or complete at all.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: soluble living germ

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: tobacco plants

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Dmitri Ivanovsky

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: foot-and-mouth disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: aphthovirus

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Aphthovirus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: aphthovirus

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: aphthovirus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: germ theory of disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: toxin

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: filter

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: The rites of all religious faiths were claimed to be linked with spreading diseases. Jewish and Muslim circumcision was claimed to cause gangrene, leading to fatalities. The Orthodox tradition of mass kissing of icons, crucifixes and relics was treated with long discourses on how this spread infectious diseases. Communion using a shared chalice was also given such treatment. The same was true with regard to the sacrament of baptism. Full immersion baptism was alleged to lead to colds, influenzas and pneumonias, especially in infants and especially in the winter months, which sometimes led to fatalities. The overcrowding of churches was also alleged to result in spreading infectious diseases (never, however, did the propaganda also admit in the same context that the mass Soviet closure of churches or other institutions had resulted in the overcrowding).

text: The rites of all religious faiths were claimed to be linked with spreading diseases. Jewish and Muslim

text: circumcision

text: was claimed to cause

text: gangrene

text: , leading to fatalities. The Orthodox tradition of mass kissing of icons, crucifixes and relics was treated with long discourses on how this spread infectious diseases. Communion using a shared

text: chalice

text: was also given such treatment. The same was true with regard to the sacrament of baptism. Full immersion baptism was alleged to lead to colds,

text: influenza

text: s and

text: pneumonia

text: s, especially in infants and especially in the winter months, which sometimes led to fatalities. The overcrowding of churches was also alleged to result in spreading infectious diseases (never, however, did the propaganda also admit in the same context that the mass Soviet closure of churches or other institutions had resulted in the overcrowding).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: influenzas

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: influenzas

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: gangrene

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenzas and pneumonias

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pneumonias

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: influenzas

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Jewish and Muslim circumcision

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenzas

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Communion

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Communion using a shared chalice

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Communion using a shared chalice

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: influenzas

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Communion using a shared chalice

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: mass kissing of icons, crucifixes and relics

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: The rites of all religious faiths

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: spreading diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Full immersion baptism

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Jewish and Muslim circumcision

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Jewish and Muslim circumcision

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: influenzas

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: In contrast, the diseases of poverty tend to be largely infectious diseases,  or the result of poor living conditions.  These include tuberculosis, asthma, and intestinal diseases.  Increasingly, research is finding that diseases thought to be diseases of affluence also appear in large part in the poor.  These diseases include obesity and cardiovascular disease and, coupled with infectious diseases, these further increase global health inequalities.

text: In contrast, the diseases of poverty tend to be largely

text: infectious disease

text: s,  or the result of poor living conditions.  These include tuberculosis, asthma, and intestinal diseases.  Increasingly, research is finding that diseases thought to be diseases of affluence also appear in large part in the poor.  These diseases include obesity and cardiovascular disease and, coupled with infectious diseases, these further increase global

text: health inequalities

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: obesity and cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: tuberculous

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: obesity

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Asthma

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Tuberculosis, asthma, and intestinal diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculoza

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Asthma

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: An analysis of the official data from the late 1980s showed that after worsening in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, the situation for adult mortality began to improve again.  Referring to data for the two decades ending in 1989-1990, while noting some abatement in adult mortality rates in the Soviet republics in the 1980s, Ward Kingkade and Eduardo Arriaga characterized this situation as follows:  "All of the former Soviet countries have followed the universal tendency for mortality to decline as infectious diseases are brought under control while death rates from degenerative diseases rise. What is exceptional in the former Soviet countries and some of their East European neighbors is that a subsequent increase in mortality from causes other than infectious disease has brought about overall rises in mortality from all causes combined. Another distinctive characteristic of the former Soviet case is the presence of unusually high levels of mortality from accidents and other external causes, which are typically associated with alcoholism."

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: degenerative diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: alcoholism

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: alcoholism

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: degenerative diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The situation for adult mortality began to improve again

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: deaths from degenerative diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Adult mortality began to improve again

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: alcoholism

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: degenerative diseases

text: Several human activities have led to the emergence of zoonotic human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsia, and spread of vector-borne diseases, see also Globalization and Disease and Wildlife disease:

text: Several human activities have led to the emergence of

text: zoonotic

text: human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsia, and spread of

text: vector-borne

text: diseases, see also

text: Globalization and Disease

text: and

text: Wildlife disease

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: vector-borne

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: zoonotic human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: rickettsia

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: vector-borne

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Wildlife disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: rickettsia

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: zoonotic human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: rickettsia

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: rickettsia

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vector-borne

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: vector-borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: vector-borne

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Additionally, malnutrition and infectious disease have a synergistic relationship that can lead to spiraling health deterioration. According to Allen, the incidence of infectious disease does not vary significantly between MMM and adequately nourished populations, but the duration and severity of disease episodes is greater for MMM populations.  A key reason for this disparity is that infectious disease often results in poor food intake and nutrient absorption. Not only do sick people generally eat little, but what they do eat is often of minimal benefit due to nausea and diarrhea.

text: Additionally, malnutrition and

text: infectious disease

text: have a synergistic relationship that can lead to spiraling health deterioration. According to Allen, the incidence of infectious disease does not vary significantly between MMM and adequately nourished populations, but the duration and severity of disease episodes is greater for MMM populations.  A key reason for this disparity is that infectious disease often results in poor food intake and nutrient absorption. Not only do sick people generally eat little, but what they do eat is often of minimal benefit due to nausea and diarrhea.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The incidence of infectious disease does not vary significantly

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Malnutrition

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is the proper way to wash your hands.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: food

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Although the final result of ultrasonic scalers can be produced by using hand scalers, ultrasonic scalers are sometimes faster and less irritating to the client. Ultrasonic scalers do create aerosols which can spread pathogens when a client carries an infectious disease. Research shows no difference in effectiveness between ultrasonic scalers and hand instruments. Of particular importance to dentists themselves is that the use of an ultrasonic scaler may reduce the risk of repetitive stress injury, because ultrasonic scalers require less pressure and repetition compared to hand scalers.

text: Although the final result of ultrasonic scalers can be produced by using hand scalers, ultrasonic scalers are sometimes faster and less irritating to the client. Ultrasonic scalers do create aerosols which can spread pathogens when a client carries an infectious disease. Research shows no difference in effectiveness between ultrasonic scalers and hand instruments. Of particular importance to dentists themselves is that the use of an ultrasonic scaler may reduce the risk of repetitive stress injury, because ultrasonic scalers require less pressure and repetition compared to hand scalers.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: client

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Ultrasonic scalers do create aerosols

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Ultrasonic scalers

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Research shows no difference in effectiveness between ultrasonic scalers and hand instruments

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Ultrasonic scalers

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Prions are infectious forms of proteins. In general, proteins fold into discrete units that perform distinct cellular functions, but some proteins are also capable of forming an infectious conformational state known as a prion. Although often viewed in the context of infectious disease, prions are more loosely defined by their ability to catalytically convert other native state versions of the same protein to an infectious conformational state. It is in this latter sense that they can be viewed as epigenetic agents capable of inducing a phenotypic change without a modification of the genome.

text: Prion

text: s are

text: infectious

text: forms of

text: protein

text: s. In general, proteins fold into discrete units that perform distinct cellular functions, but some proteins are also capable of forming an infectious conformational state known as a prion. Although often viewed in the context of

text: infectious disease

text: , prions are more loosely defined by their ability to catalytically convert other native state versions of the same protein to an infectious conformational state. It is in this latter sense that they can be viewed as epigenetic agents capable of inducing a phenotypic change without a modification of the genome.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Prions are infectious forms of proteins

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Prions

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: epigenetic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: epigenetic

text: Burnet Institute has particular expertise in infectious diseases (especially HIV, hepatitis viruses, influenza and malaria) and in understanding the immune responses to these infections. Their work also focuses on sexual health, drug and alcohol use, both in risky behaviours associated with infectious diseases and as major health problems in their own right. Translating new knowledge into tangible and practical health outcomes is also a major focus of the Institute.

text: Burnet Institute has particular expertise in infectious diseases (especially HIV, hepatitis viruses, influenza and malaria) and in understanding the immune responses to these infections. Their work also focuses on sexual health, drug and alcohol use, both in risky behaviours associated with infectious diseases and as major health problems in their own right. Translating new knowledge into tangible and practical health outcomes is also a major focus of the Institute.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses, influenza and malaria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: influenza and malaria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: influenza and malaria

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Burnet Institute

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: sexual health

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Burnet Institute

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Burnet Institute

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: viruses

text: It is capable of causing infectious disease in humans

text: It is capable of causing infectious disease in humans

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: It

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: It

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: It is capable of causing infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: causing infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Tetanus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is capable of causing infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: It

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: The common cold virus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is capable of causing infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: There are several conditions that favor disease development and spread.  Heart rot fungi, including P. pini, enter trees as mycelium or basidiospores through branch stubs, tree stumps, damaged roots, dead branches, and wounds in general and go on to infect the heartwood of the tree.  Fire and cutting operations cause the most common points of entry for the fungus.  Moist environments also facilitate fungal growth. Spores blown by the wind land and germinate on wounds, so in managed forests, care should be taken to prevent any injury to trees during harvest or other activities.  This disease is most common in the Pacific Northwest, where cool wet weather greatly facilitates the pathogen.

text: There are several conditions that favor disease development and spread.

text: Heart rot

text: fungi, including P. pini, enter trees as mycelium or basidiospores through branch stubs, tree stumps, damaged roots, dead branches, and wounds in general and go on to infect the heartwood of the tree.  Fire and cutting operations cause the most common points of entry for the fungus.  Moist environments also facilitate fungal growth. Spores blown by the wind land and germinate on wounds, so in managed forests, care should be taken to prevent any injury to trees during harvest or other activities.  This disease is most common in the Pacific Northwest, where cool wet weather greatly facilitates the pathogen.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Heart rot

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Heart rot

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Heart rot

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Heart rot

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Heart rot

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Spores blown by the wind land and germinate on wounds

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Fire and cutting operations

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Spores

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Spores

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Heart rot fungi, including P. pini

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: P. pini

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Heart rot fungi

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Heart rot

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: managed forests

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: spores

text: Throughout history, disease has been proven to cause  panic in societies when individuals are faced with something they cannot explain. This fear of disease and spread of panic dates back to many centuries ago, and continues into the 21st century with diseases such as AIDS, Ebola, H1N1, Zika and SARS.  Comparing Cohan’s idea of the ‘folk devils’ with disease as an epidemic plays the same role of spreading mass panic and fear concerning the spread of an infectious illness. This intense concentration on hygiene emerged, before the 20th century, with a medical belief referred to as miasma. The miasma theory, states that disease was the direct result of the polluting emanations of filth: sewer gas, garbage fumes, and stenches that polluted air and water, which results in an epidemic. The idea of cleanliness was a socially constructed belief that linked race, gender, and sexuality with ideas that made people feel uncomfortable.  It is argued that a moral panic is constructed when “patterns of behaviour, whether private or public, come to be selected by the mass media as a threat to the fabric of society.”

text: Throughout history, disease has been proven to cause  panic in societies when individuals are faced with something they cannot explain. This fear of disease and spread of panic dates back to many centuries ago, and continues into the 21st century with diseases such as

text: AIDS

text: Ebola

text: Zika

text: and

text: SARS

text: .  Comparing Cohan’s idea of the ‘folk devils’ with disease as an epidemic plays the same role of spreading mass panic and fear concerning the spread of an infectious illness. This intense concentration on hygiene emerged, before the 20th century, with a medical belief referred to as

text: miasma

text: . The

text: miasma theory

text: , states that disease was the direct result of the polluting emanations of filth: sewer gas, garbage fumes, and stenches that polluted air and water, which results in an epidemic. The idea of cleanliness was a socially constructed belief that linked race, gender, and sexuality with ideas that made people feel uncomfortable.  It is argued that a moral panic is constructed when “patterns of behaviour, whether private or public, come to be selected by the mass media as a threat to the fabric of society.”

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: an infectious illness

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: H1N1, Zika

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The miasma theory

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The miasma theory

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The idea of cleanliness was a socially constructed belief

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: H1N1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: an infectious illness

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious illness

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: hygiene

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious illness

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: An emerging infectious disease (EID) is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years and could increase in the near future. Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human pathogens. EIDs are caused by newly identified species or strains (e.g. Severe acute respiratory syndrome, HIV/AIDS) that may have evolved from a known infection (e.g. influenza) or spread to a new population (e.g. West Nile fever) or to an area undergoing ecologic transformation (e.g. Lyme disease), or be reemerging infections, like drug resistant tuberculosis. Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are emerging in hospitals, and extremely problematic in that they are resistant to many antibiotics. Of growing concern are adverse synergistic interactions between emerging diseases and other infectious and non-infectious conditions leading to the development of novel syndemics.  Many emerging diseases are zoonotic - an animal reservoir incubates the organism, with only occasional transmission into human populations.

text: An emerging infectious disease (EID) is an

text: infectious disease

text: whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years and could increase in the near future. Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human

text: pathogen

text: s. EIDs are caused by newly identified species or strains (e.g.

text: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: HIV/AIDS

text: ) that may have

text: evolved

text: from a known infection (e.g.

text: influenza

text: ) or spread to a new population (e.g.

text: West Nile fever

text: ) or to an area undergoing ecologic transformation (e.g.

text: Lyme disease

text: ), or be reemerging infections, like

text: drug resistant

text: tuberculosis

text: . Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, such as

text: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

text: are emerging in hospitals, and extremely problematic in that they are resistant to many antibiotics. Of growing concern are adverse synergistic interactions between emerging diseases and other infectious and

text: non-infectious conditions

text: leading to the development of novel

text: syndemic

text: s.  Many emerging diseases are

text: zoonotic

text: - an animal reservoir incubates the organism, with only occasional transmission into human populations.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: known infection

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: West Nile

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Staphylococcus aureus

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: animal

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: West Nile fever

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: EIDs

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Many emerging diseases are zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: EIDs are caused by newly identified species or strains

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: West Nile fever

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Many emerging diseases are zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Many emerging diseases are zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Many emerging diseases are zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: EIDs

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: EIDs

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Staphylococcus aureus

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: West Nile fever

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: reservoir

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: zoonotic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: This disease is considered to be a zoonosis (an infectious disease that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans), with the exception of Leishmania tropica — which is often an anthroponotic disease (an infectious disease that is naturally transmissible from humans to vertebrate animals).

text: This disease is considered to be a

text: zoonosis

text: (an infectious disease that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans), with the exception of

text: Leishmania tropica

text: — which is often an

text: anthroponotic disease

text: (an infectious disease that is naturally transmissible from humans to vertebrate animals).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: zoonosis

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Leishmania

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: anthroponotic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: vertebrate animals

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Leishmania

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: anthroponotic disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: zoonosis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vertebrate animals

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: zoonosis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: zoonosis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This disease is considered to be a zoonosis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Leishmania tropica

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: anthroponotic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Leishmania

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: anthroponotic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: anthroponotic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Leishmania

text: Increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance to other commonly used agents, such as fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, has led to increased interest in using nitrofurantoin. Several trials comparing nitrofurantoin to other commonly used agents have shown this drug results in similar cure rates for uncomplicated UTIs. The efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treating UTIs combined with a low rate of bacterial resistance to this agent makes it one of the first-line agents for treating uncomplicated UTIs as recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

text: Increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance to other commonly used agents, such as

text: fluoroquinolones

text: and

text: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

text: , has led to increased interest in using nitrofurantoin. Several trials comparing nitrofurantoin to other commonly used agents have shown this drug results in similar cure rates for uncomplicated UTIs. The efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treating UTIs combined with a low rate of bacterial resistance to this agent makes it one of the first-line agents for treating uncomplicated UTIs as recommended by the

text: Infectious Diseases Society of America

text: and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: uncomplicated

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: bacterial antibiotic resistance

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is one of the first-line agents for treating uncomplicated UTIs

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: uncomplicated UTIs

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: UTIs

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is one of the first-line agents for treating uncomplicated UTIs

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: uncomplicated UTIs

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: uncomplicated UTIs

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: bacterial

text: The germ theory of disease states that some diseases are caused by microorganisms. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification,  invade humans, animals, and other living hosts. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause a disease. "Germ" may refer to not just a bacterium but to any type of microorganisms, especially one which causes disease, such as protist, fungus, virus, prion, or viroid. Microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens, and the diseases they cause are called infectious diseases. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a particular host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen.

text: The germ theory of disease states that some

text: disease

text: s are caused by

text: microorganism

text: s. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification,  invade humans, animals, and other living hosts. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause a disease. "Germ" may refer to not just a

text: bacterium

text: but to any type of microorganisms, especially one which causes disease, such as

text: protist

text: fungus

text: virus

text: prion

text: , or

text: viroid

text: . Microorganisms that cause disease are called

text: pathogen

text: s, and the diseases they cause are called

text: infectious disease

text: s. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a particular host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: hereditary

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: protist

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: small organisms

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: prion

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Germ

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Microorganisms that cause disease

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Viroid

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: An infectious disease is caused by the presence of organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites (either animalian or protozoan).  Most of these diseases can spread from cat to cat via airborne pathogens or through direct or indirect contact, while others require a vector such as a tick or mosquito. Certain infectious diseases are a concern from a public health standpoint because they are zoonoses (transmittable to humans). Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a genetic relative of HIV.

text: An

text: infectious disease

text: is caused by the presence of organisms such as

text: virus

text: es,

text: bacteria

text: fungi

text: , or

text: parasite

text: s (either

text: animal

text: ian or

text: protozoa

text: n).  Most of these diseases can spread from cat to cat via airborne pathogens or through direct or indirect contact, while others require a

text: vector

text: such as a tick or mosquito. Certain infectious diseases are a concern from a

text: public health

text: standpoint because they are

text: zoonoses

text: (transmittable to humans).

text: Feline immunodeficiency virus

text: (FIV) is a genetic relative of

text: HIV

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: transmissible to humans

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: viruses, bacteria, fungi

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Feline immunodeficiency virus

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: tick or mosquito

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: zoonoses

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Most of these diseases can spread from cat to cat

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: direct or indirect contact

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Most of these diseases can spread from cat to cat via airborne pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: direct or indirect contact

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: bacteria, fungi, fungi, or parasites

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases are a concern from a public health standpoint because they are zoonoses (transmittable to humans)

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: An infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: animalian or protozoan

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: With the move to the ithree institute, Harry shifted some of her fundamental research focus on bacterial cell division toward bacteria that cause infectious disease, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, and antibacterial discovery. Professor Harry has worked with industry in antibacterial discovery research for the development of novel antibiotics that target this process in pathogens, and to examine how natural products function as effective therapeutics for infectious disease.

text: With the move to the ithree institute, Harry shifted some of her fundamental research focus on bacterial cell division toward bacteria that cause

text: infectious disease

text: , such as

text: Staphylococcus aureus

text: and

text: Acinetobacter baumannii

text: , and antibacterial discovery. Professor Harry has worked with industry in antibacterial discovery research for the development of novel

text: antibiotics

text: that target this process in pathogens, and to examine how natural products function as effective therapeutics for infectious disease.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Acinetobacter baumannii

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: bacteria that cause infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria that cause infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: baumannii

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: bacteria that cause infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Staphylococcus aureus

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Acinetobacter baumannii

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Acinetobacter baumannii

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Staphylococcus aureus

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Acinetobacter baumannii

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Acinetobacter baumannii

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: bacteria that cause infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Staphylococcus aureus

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Acinetobacter baumannii

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: bacteria that cause infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Hygiene is a concept related to cleanliness, health and medicine, as well as to personal and professional care practices related to most aspects of living. In medicine and in home (domestic) and everyday life settings, hygiene practices are employed as preventative measures to reduce the incidence and spreading of disease. In the manufacture of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other products, good hygiene is a key part of quality assurance i.e.  ensuring that the product complies with microbial specifications appropriate to its use.  The terms cleanliness (or cleaning) and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. Since cleaning processes (e.g., hand washing) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil, they are often the means to achieve hygiene. Other uses of the term appear in phrases including: body hygiene, personal hygiene, sleep hygiene, mental hygiene, dental hygiene, and occupational hygiene, used in connection with public health. Hygiene is also the name of a branch of science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health, also called hygienic. Hygiene practices vary widely, and what is considered acceptable in one culture might not be acceptable in another.

text: Hygiene is a concept related to cleanliness, health and medicine, as well as to personal and professional care practices related to most aspects of living. In medicine and in home (domestic) and everyday life settings, hygiene practices are employed as preventative measures to reduce the incidence and spreading of disease. In the manufacture of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other products, good hygiene is a key part of

text: quality assurance

text: i.e.  ensuring that the product complies with microbial specifications appropriate to its use.  The terms

text: cleanliness

text: (or cleaning) and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. Since cleaning processes (e.g., hand washing) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil, they are often the means to achieve hygiene. Other uses of the term appear in phrases including: body hygiene, personal hygiene,

text: sleep hygiene

text: mental hygiene

text: dental hygiene

text: , and

text: occupational hygiene

text: , used in connection with

text: public health

text: . Hygiene is also the name of a branch of science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health, also called hygienic. Hygiene practices vary widely, and what is considered acceptable in one

text: culture

text: might not be acceptable in another.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: disease-causing

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious microbes

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: hygiene practices

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious microbes

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Hygiene is a concept related to cleanliness, health and medicine

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: disease-causing organisms

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pharmaceutical

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: disease-causing

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: microbes

text: For SPF eggs the specific pathogens are: Avian Adenovirus Group I,Avian Adenovirus Group II (HEV), Avian Adenovirus Group III (EDS), Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133,Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C; Infectious Bronchitis - Ark; Infectious Bronchitis - Conn; Infectious Bronchitis - JMK;Infectious Bronchitis - Mass; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 1; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 2; Infectious Laryngotracheitis;  Lymphoid Leukosis A, B; Avian Lymphoid Leukosis Virus; Lymphoid Leukosis Viruses A,B,C,D,E,J; Marek's Disease (Serotypes 1,2, 3); Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae;  Newcastle Disease LaSota; Reticuloendotheliosis Virus; Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum ;Salmonella species;

text: For SPF eggs the specific pathogens are: Avian Adenovirus Group I,Avian Adenovirus Group II (HEV), Avian Adenovirus Group III (EDS), Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133,Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C; Infectious Bronchitis - Ark; Infectious Bronchitis - Conn; Infectious Bronchitis - JMK;Infectious Bronchitis - Mass; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 1; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 2; Infectious Laryngotracheitis;  Lymphoid Leukosis A, B; Avian Lymphoid Leukosis Virus; Lymphoid Leukosis Viruses A,B,C,D,E,J; Marek's Disease (Serotypes 1,2, 3); Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae;  Newcastle Disease LaSota; Reticuloendotheliosis Virus; Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum ;Salmonella species;

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Hemophilus paragallinarum

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Avian Influenza (Type A)

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C; Infectious Bronchitis - Ark; Infectious Bronchitis - Conn; Infectious Bronchitis - JMK; Infectious Bronchitis - Mass; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 1; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 2; Infectious Laryngotracheitis; Lymphoid Leukosis A, B; Avian Lymphoid Leukosis Virus; Lymphoid Leukosis Viruses A,B,C,D,E,J; Marek's Disease (Serotypes 1,2, 3); Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; Newcastle Disease LaSota; Reticuloendotheliosis Virus; Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Marek's Disease (Serotypes 1,2, 3); Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; Newcastle Disease LaSota; Reticuloendotheliosis Virus; Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum; Salmonella species

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Marek's Disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Reticuloendotheliosis Virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Avian

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Hemophilus paragallinarum

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Salmonella species

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Avian Influenza (Type A)

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Avian Adenovirus Group I, Avian Adenovirus Group II (HEV), Avian Adenovirus Group III (EDS), Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C; Infectious Bronchitis - Ark; Infectious Bronchitis - Conn; Infectious Bronchitis - JMK; Infectious Bronchitis - Mass; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 1; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 2; Infectious Laryngotracheitis; Lymphoid Leukosis A, B; Avian Lymphoid Leukosis Virus; Lymphoid Leukosis Viruses A,B,C,D,E,J; Marek's Disease (Serotypes 1,2, 3); Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; Newcastle Disease LaSota; Reticuloendotheliosis Virus; Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C; Infectious Bronchitis - Ark; Infectious Bronchitis - Conn; Infectious Bronchitis - JMK; Infectious Bronchitis - Mass; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 1; Infectious Bursal Disease Type 2; Infectious Laryngotracheitis; Lymphoid Leukosis A, B; Avian Lymphoid Leukosis Virus

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avian Adenovirus Group I, Avian Adenovirus Group II (HEV), Avian Adenovirus Group III (EDS), Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Hemophilus paragallinarum

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Avian Tuberculosis M. avium

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Avian Adenovirus Group I, Avian Adenovirus Group II (HEV), Avian Adenovirus Group III (EDS), Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza (Type A), Avian Nephritis Virus, Avian Paramyxovirus Type 2, Avian Reovirus S 1133, Avian Rhinotracheitis Virus; Avian Rotavirus; Avian Tuberculosis M. avium; Chicken Anemia Virus; Endogenous GS Antigen; Fowl Pox; Hemophilus paragallinarum Serovars A,B,C

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Avian Rotavirus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious Bursal Disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: SPF eggs

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Salmonella species

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Adenovirus

text: The spread of Aedes mosquito-borne Zika virus has been implicated in increasing levels of congenital microcephaly by the International Society for Infectious Diseases and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika can spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. This can result in other severe brain malformations and birth defects. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine has documented a case in which they found evidence of the Zika virus in the brain of a fetus that displayed the morphology of microcephaly.

text: The spread of

text: Aedes

text: mosquito

text: -borne

text: Zika virus

text: has been implicated in increasing levels of congenital microcephaly by the

entity_name: International Society for Infectious Diseases

text: International Society for Infectious Diseases

text: and the US

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: . Zika can spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. This can result in other severe brain malformations and birth defects. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine has documented a case in which they found evidence of the Zika virus in the brain of a fetus that displayed the morphology of microcephaly.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: congenital

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Aedes mosquito

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Aedes mosquito-borne Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Aedes mosquito

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Zika

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Zika virus

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Aedes

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Zika virus

text: Vectors may be mechanical or biological. A mechanical vector picks up an infectious agent on the outside of its body and transmits it in a passive manner. An example of a mechanical vector is a housefly, which lands on cow dung, contaminating its appendages with bacteria from the feces, and then lands on food prior to consumption. The pathogen never enters the body of the fly. In contrast, biological vectors harbor pathogens within their bodies and deliver pathogens to new hosts in an active manner, usually a bite. Biological vectors are often responsible for serious blood-borne diseases, such as malaria, viral encephalitis, Chagas disease, Lyme disease and African sleeping sickness. Biological vectors are usually, though not exclusively, arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and lice. Vectors are often required in the life cycle of a pathogen. A common strategy used to control vector borne infectious diseases is to interrupt the life cycle of a pathogen by killing the vector.

text: Vectors may be mechanical or biological. A mechanical vector picks up an infectious agent on the outside of its body and transmits it in a passive manner. An example of a mechanical vector is a

text: housefly

text: , which lands on cow dung, contaminating its appendages with bacteria from the feces, and then lands on food prior to consumption. The pathogen never enters the body of the fly. In contrast, biological vectors harbor pathogens within their bodies and deliver pathogens to new hosts in an active manner, usually a bite. Biological vectors are often responsible for serious

text: blood-borne disease

text: s, such as

text: malaria

text: viral encephalitis

text: Chagas disease

text: Lyme disease

text: and

text: African sleeping sickness

text: . Biological vectors are usually, though not exclusively,

text: arthropod

text: s, such as

text: mosquito

text: es,

text: tick

text: s,

text: flea

text: s and

text: lice

text: . Vectors are often required in the life cycle of a pathogen. A common strategy used to control vector borne infectious diseases is to interrupt the life cycle of a pathogen by killing the vector.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: blood-borne

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: biological vectors

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Biological vectors

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Chagas disease, Lyme disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Chagas disease, Lyme disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Lyme disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Biological

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: arthropods

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Biological vectors

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and lice

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Biological vectors

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Biological vectors

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: A common strategy used to control vector borne infectious diseases is to interrupt the life cycle of a pathogen by killing the vector

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: biological vectors harbor pathogens within their bodies and deliver pathogens to new hosts in an active manner

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: An example of a mechanical vector is a housefly

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Biological vectors harbor pathogens within their bodies and deliver pathogens to new hosts in an active manner

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Biological vectors harbor pathogens within their bodies

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Chagas disease, Lyme disease and African sleeping sickness

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Vectors

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: blood-borne

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: killing the vector

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: arthropods

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Emory University is a global leader in Ebola research and treatment. The university was one of three institutions that successfully treated medical evacuees during the 2014 Ebola Outbreak. In 2015, the United States Department of Health and Human Services named Emory University the lead coordinating center for the National Ebola Training and Education Center (NETEC). The university will collaborate with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response on the program, which will receive $12 million in funding over the next five years.The program will support training of health care providers and facilities to manage Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases. Its objectives are to develop metrics to measure facility and health care worker readiness to care for Ebola patients, conduct assessments of state and regional Ebola Treatment Centers, create education materials related to care of patients with possible Ebola and other special pathogens and offer technical and training assistance to public health departments and health facilities. The university also received a $10.8 million grant over three years from the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to lead a 10-institution national team developing improved therapeutics and vaccines for multiple strains of Ebola virus. In 2015, Emory received a three-year, $2.2 million grant from the CDC to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, including Ebola, in health-care facilities.

text: Emory University is a global leader in

text: Ebola

text: research and treatment. The university was one of three institutions that successfully treated

text: medical evacuees

text: during the

text: 2014 Ebola Outbreak

text: . In 2015, the

text: United States Department of Health and Human Services

text: named Emory University the lead coordinating center for the National Ebola Training and Education Center (NETEC). The university will collaborate with the

text: University of Nebraska Medical Center

text: , the

text: New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation

text: , the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: and the

entity_name: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response

text: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response

text: on the program, which will receive $12 million in funding over the next five years.The program will support training of health care providers and facilities to manage Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases. Its objectives are to develop metrics to measure facility and health care worker readiness to care for Ebola patients, conduct assessments of state and regional Ebola Treatment Centers, create education materials related to care of patients with possible Ebola and other special pathogens and offer technical and training assistance to public health departments and health facilities. The university also received a $10.8 million grant over three years from the

text: U.S. Department of Defense

text: 's

text: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

text: (DARPA) to lead a 10-institution national team developing improved therapeutics and vaccines for multiple strains of Ebola virus. In 2015, Emory received a three-year, $2.2 million grant from the

text: CDC

text: to prevent the spread of

text: infectious diseases

text: , including

text: Ebola

text: , in health-care facilities.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Ebola Training and Education Center (NETEC)

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: National Ebola Training and Education Center

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: therapeutics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture.Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).

text: One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy

text: Koch's postulates

text: (first proposed by

text: Robert Koch

text: ), which demands that the

text: infectious agent

text: be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that

text: Mycobacteria

text: species cause

text: tuberculosis

text: . Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example,

text: Treponema pallidum

text: , the causative

text: spirochete

text: of

text: syphilis

text: , cannot be

text: cultured

text: in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit

text: testes

text: . It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture.

text: Epidemiology

text: is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease

text: outbreak

text: is sporadic (occasional occurrence),

text: endemic

text: (regular cases often occurring in a region),

text: epidemic

text: (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or

text: pandemic

text: (a global epidemic).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: spirochete

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: animal

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Koch's postulates

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Treponema pallidum

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Treponema pallidum

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Koch's postulates

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: syphilis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Koch's postulates

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: patients who contract the agent also develop the disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Koch's postulates

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Koch's postulates

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Koch's postulates

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Treponema pallidum

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Treponema pallidum

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculoza

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pandemic

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Mycobacteria

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Any inflammatory or infectious disease that reaches the brain can result in inducing seizures. the most common inflammatory or infectious diseases which cause seizures in cats include, Feline Infectious Peritonitis, Toxoplasmosis and Cryptococcus.

text: Any inflammatory or infectious disease that reaches the brain can result in inducing seizures. the most common inflammatory or infectious diseases which cause seizures in cats include,

text: Feline Infectious Peritonitis

text: Toxoplasmosis

text: and

text: Cryptococcus

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Feline

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: inflammatory

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: cats

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Feline

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Cryptococcus

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Toxoplasmosis

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Cryptococcus

text: Although the prison was surrounded by forest, very little wood was allowed to the prisoners for warmth or cooking. This and the lack of utensils made it almost impossible for the prisoners to cook the main food they received, poorly milled corn flour. During the summer of 1864, Union prisoners suffered greatly from hunger, exposure and disease. Within seven months, about a third died from what was diagnosed as dysentery and scurvy; they were buried in mass graves, the standard practice by Confederate prison authorities at Andersonville. In 1864 the Confederate Surgeon General asked Joseph Jones, an expert on infectious disease, to investigate the high mortality rate at the camp. He concluded that it was due to "scorbutic dysentery" (bloody diarrhea caused by vitamin C deficiency). In 2010 the historian Drisdelle said that hookworm disease, a condition not recognized or known during the Civil War, was the major cause of much of the mortality.

text: Although the prison was surrounded by forest, very little wood was allowed to the prisoners for warmth or cooking. This and the lack of utensils made it almost impossible for the prisoners to cook the main food they received, poorly milled corn flour. During the summer of 1864, Union prisoners suffered greatly from hunger, exposure and disease. Within seven months, about a third died from what was diagnosed as

text: dysentery

text: and

text: scurvy

text: ; they were buried in mass graves, the standard practice by Confederate prison authorities at Andersonville. In 1864 the Confederate Surgeon General asked Joseph Jones, an expert on infectious disease, to investigate the high mortality rate at the camp. He concluded that it was due to "scorbutic dysentery" (bloody diarrhea caused by vitamin C deficiency). In 2010 the historian Drisdelle said that

text: hookworm

text: disease, a condition not recognized or known during the Civil War, was the major cause of much of the mortality.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: hookworm disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: bloody diarrhea caused by vitamin C

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: dysentery

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: scurvy

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: hookworm disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: scurvy

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: hookworm disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: scurvy

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: scurvy

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: scurvy

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: scurvy

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This and the lack of utensils

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Union prisoners

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: "scorbutic dysentery"

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: "scorbutic dysentery"

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: hookworm disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: hookworm disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vitamin C

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: hookworm

text: The National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) is part of the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch of the Public Health Agency of Canada(PHAC), the agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, health emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention.

text: The National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) is part of the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch of the

text: Public Health Agency of Canada

text: (PHAC), the agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, health emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious and chronic

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Chronic disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Public Health Agency of Canada

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Chronic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Microbiology

text: It is possible to model the progress of most infectious diseases mathematically to discover the likely outcome of an epidemic or to help manage them by vaccination. This field tries to find parameters for various infectious diseases and to use those parameters to make useful calculations about the effects of a mass vaccination programme.

text: It is possible to model the progress of most infectious diseases mathematically to discover the likely outcome of an

text: epidemic

text: or to help manage them by

text: vaccination

text: . This field tries to find

text: parameter

text: s for various

text: infectious disease

text: s and to use those parameters to make useful calculations about the effects of a mass

text: vaccination

text: programme.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: an epidemic

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: an epidemic

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: most

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: epidemic

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Model the progress of most infectious diseases mathematically

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccination

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: The first large human social activities, trailed by major disease outbreaks that have been documented occurred by fecal-oral route . Contaminated food or water by fecal matter can cause devastating effects and spread with extreme rapidity. They are, of course, not the only types of infection that threaten large gatherings of people. Respiratory infections, sexually transmitted infections, and measles have all been measured as potential infections resulting from mass gatherings. Social gatherings that have been linked to outbreaks include the 1918 Great Pandemic, the Asian Flu Pandemic of 1957, a 1987 outbreak of multi-drug resistant shigellosis in North Carolina that infected over 50% of event attendees, a 1992 outbreak of Campylobacter in the UK, a 1993 Hepatitis A outbreak at a youth camp in Australia, two separate outbreaks  of meningococcal meningitis at the 2000 and 2001 Hajj, a 2008 influenza outbreak in Sydney, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (which followed a large Easter gathering in Mexico) , . Rainey et al. (2016) identified a total of 72 mass-gathering related respiratory outbreaks between 2005 and 2014. Many of these outbreaks led to further outbreaks within the cities that infected individuals returned home to after the events. Particularly the epidemiological consequences of the Hajj are notable because of the range of dissemination that attendees have when they return from the pilgrimage. Infected individuals may return to their homes far from the source of the outbreak, and into communities that are especially vulnerable to a disease not characteristic of that community. Health response teams may be less equipped to manage the spread of the foreign pathogen, and the people may be less knowledgeable about risks and symptoms. Diseases such a tuberculosis have long incubation periods, which creates another obstacle since it separates the point of infection from the start of illness and therefore obscures the connection.Intervention and mitigation are possible for such large events, but involve very expensive and complex measures. Vaccinations are highly effective, but it is extremely costly to attempt to vaccinate large hordes of individuals. In a study of livestock populations, Hu et al., 2013 observed important patterns for vaccination efforts. When deaths from infection occur, or a method of culling is used, social networks will alter and individuals will spread out. Because of this, carefully designed vaccination efforts are significantly more effective and cheaper and must be implemented as fast as possible in order to contain the pathogen. Relatively new methods, such as tracking mobile phone data, have been used to glean information on effective strategies for containment in the situation of mass gatherings.Finger et al. (2016) state “human mobility is undisputedly one of the main spreading mechanisms of infectious disease”. In their study, cell phone data was used to track the migration of people for the Grand Magal de Touba, a religious pilgrimage event that occurs in Senegal. Figure 6 illustrates the findings of this study and identifies areas that are paramount for targeting in an epidemiological prevention effort.

text: Hajj

text: are notable because of the range of dissemination that attendees have when they return from the pilgrimage. Infected individuals may return to their homes far from the source of the outbreak, and into communities that are especially vulnerable to a disease not characteristic of that community. Health response teams may be less equipped to manage the spread of the foreign pathogen, and the people may be less knowledgeable about risks and symptoms. Diseases such a

text: tuberculosis

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: sexually transmitted

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Respiratory

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: foreign pathogen

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: mass gatherings

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: multi-drug resistant

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mass gatherings

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: measles

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: mass gatherings

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma is a human parasite that is spread by a vector.

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Contaminated food or water by fecal matter

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: sexually transmitted infections

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: expensive and complex measures

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Vaccinations are highly effective

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: mass gatherings

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Contaminated food or water

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Contaminated food or water

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Intervention and mitigation are possible for such large events

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Intervention and mitigation are possible for such large events

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Contaminated food or water by fecal matter can cause devastating effects

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: foreign pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Respiratory infections

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: foreign pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: H1N1

text: Research can be broken into two key areas: inherited disease and infectious disease. Inherited disease research includes genetics, oncology and stem cell. Infectious disease includes bacteriology, virology, immunology and equine epidemiology and disease surveillance.

text: Research can be broken into two key areas: inherited disease and infectious disease. Inherited disease research includes genetics, oncology and stem cell. Infectious disease includes bacteriology, virology, immunology and equine epidemiology and disease surveillance.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: inherited disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virology

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: equine

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteriology

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: inherited disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: virology

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: virology

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: virology

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: immunology

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immunology

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: virology

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virology

text: Among the many varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens:

text: Among the many varieties of

text: microorganisms

text: , relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few

text: pathogen

text: s and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as

text: opportunistic pathogens

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: opportunistic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: opportunistic pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious diseases are contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: opportunistic pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: In addition to eHealth, his current interests include preventable infectious diseases (particularly HIV/AIDS), diseases of an ageing population, and pandemics. Behbehani has worked with the Japanese government to develop Japan’s initiative in the fight against infectious and parasitic diseases, which was brought to the Kyushu-Okinawa G8 Summit in July 2000 by the then Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto.

text: In addition to

text: eHealth

text: , his current interests include preventable infectious diseases (particularly

text: HIV/AIDS

text: ), diseases of an ageing population, and

text: pandemics

text: . Behbehani has worked with the Japanese government to develop Japan’s initiative in the fight against

text: infectious

text: and

text: parasitic diseases

text: , which was brought to the Kyushu-Okinawa

text: G8 Summit

text: in July 2000 by the then Prime Minister

text: Ryutaro Hashimoto

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pandemics

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: In addition to eHealth, his current interests include preventable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: preventable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: parasitic diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Behbehani

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: parasitic diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasitic

text: No prize was awarded in 1921. Carlos Chagas, who had already been nominated in 1913 and was the recipient of several international awards at the time, was among the nominees. His failure in receiving the award has generated controversy, especially in his homeland, Brazil, proved that Chagas is responsible for one of the most important achievements in the history of parasitology: Chagas alone discovered a new infectious disease, Chagas disease, its pathogen, vector, host, clinical manifestation and epidemology, first describing it in 1909. According to historian Sierra Iglesias, the Nobel Assembly retrieved for Brazilian health authorities’ advice as to Chagas's being worthy the award and received unfavorable answers. It is known that Chagas had several adversaries inside Brazilian governmental health organizations, mainly due to intellectual rivalries; however, Iglesias offers no proof to her claims. It seems substantially more likely that Chagas's not receiving the award was due to the Nobel Committee inability in recognizing the value of Chagas’s findings.

text: No prize was awarded in

text: Carlos Chagas

text: , who had already been nominated in

text: and was the recipient of several international awards at the time, was among the nominees. His failure in receiving the award has generated controversy, especially in his homeland,

text: Brazil

text: , proved that Chagas is responsible for one of the most important achievements in the history of

text: parasitology

text: : Chagas alone discovered a new

text: infectious disease

text: Chagas disease

text: , its

text: pathogen

text: vector

text: host

text: , clinical manifestation and

text: epidemology

text: , first describing it in

text: . According to historian Sierra Iglesias, the

text: Nobel Assembly

text: retrieved for Brazilian health authorities’ advice as to Chagas's being worthy the award and received unfavorable answers. It is known that Chagas had several adversaries inside Brazilian governmental health organizations, mainly due to intellectual rivalries; however, Iglesias offers no proof to her claims. It seems substantially more likely that Chagas's not receiving the award was due to the Nobel Committee inability in recognizing the value of Chagas’s findings.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: parasitology

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: host

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is known that Chagas had several adversaries inside Brazilian governmental health organizations

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is known that Chagas had several adversaries inside Brazilian governmental health organizations

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Chagas disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitology

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: M. gallisepticum causes respiratory disease and weakens the immune system which makes the bird vulnerable to any disease that they come into contact with. Small bubbles will appear in the corners of the eyes and sinuses will swell up. Once infected, they are carriers for the disease for life. Some birds have good resistance to the disease while others may die; some become ill and recover and others may not show any symptoms at all. There is currently no risk to humans.  For domestic animals, there is a high concern and there should be a prevention of any interaction between wild birds and domestic poultry. Wild bird species affected by the disease are infectious and are often found in close contact with domestic species.

text: M. gallisepticum causes respiratory disease and weakens the immune system which makes the bird vulnerable to any disease that they come into contact with. Small bubbles will appear in the corners of the eyes and sinuses will swell up. Once infected, they are carriers for the disease for life. Some birds have good resistance to the disease while others may die; some become ill and recover and others may not show any symptoms at all. There is currently no risk to humans.  For domestic animals, there is a high concern and there should be a prevention of any interaction between wild birds and domestic poultry. Wild bird species affected by the disease are infectious and are often found in close contact with domestic species.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: wild bird species

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: respiratory disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: respiratory disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: respiratory disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: respiratory disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: respiratory disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: wild birds

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: There is currently no risk

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: no risk to humans

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: no risk to humans

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: no risk to humans

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: no risk to humans

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Once infected, they are carriers

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: There is currently no risk to humans

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Some birds have good resistance

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: carriers

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immune system

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: M. gallisepticum

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: gallisepticum

text: Clinical Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Oxford University Press covering research on the pathogenesis, clinical investigation, medical microbiology, diagnosis, immune mechanisms, and treatment of diseases caused by infectious agents. It includes articles on antimicrobial resistance, bioterrorism, emerging infections, food safety, hospital epidemiology, and HIV/AIDS. It also features highly focused brief reports, review articles, editorials, commentaries, and supplements. The journal is published on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

text: Clinical Infectious Diseases is a

text: peer-reviewed

text: medical journal

text: published by

text: Oxford University Press

text: covering research on the

text: pathogenesis

text: , clinical investigation, medical

text: microbiology

text: diagnosis

text: immune

text: mechanisms, and treatment of diseases caused by infectious agents. It includes articles on

text: antimicrobial resistance

text: bioterrorism

text: , emerging

text: infections

text: food safety

text: , hospital

text: epidemiology

text: , and

text: HIV/AIDS

text: . It also features highly focused brief reports, review articles, editorials, commentaries, and supplements. The journal is published on behalf of the

text: Infectious Diseases Society of America

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: caused by infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: diseases caused by infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogenesis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV/AIDS

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Clinical Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: bioterrorism

text: Once one is able to model an infectious pathogen with compartmental models, one can predict the various properties of the pathogen spread, for example the prevalence (total number of infected from the epidemic) and the duration of the epidemic. Also, one can understand how different situations may affect the outcome of the epidemic, e.g., what is the best technique for issuing a limited number of vaccines in a given population?

text: Once one is able to model an infectious pathogen with compartmental models, one can predict the various properties of the pathogen spread, for example the prevalence (total number of infected from the epidemic) and the duration of the epidemic. Also, one can understand how different situations may affect the outcome of the epidemic, e.g., what is the best technique for issuing a limited number of vaccines in a given population?

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious pathogen

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: e. coli

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious pathogen

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Model an infectious pathogen with compartmental models

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: one can understand how different situations may affect the outcome of the epidemic

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Stopping the spread of infectious disease was of utmost importance for maintaining a healthy society. The outbreak of disease during the Peloponnesian War was recorded by Thucydides who survived the epidemic. From his account it is shown how factors outside the disease itself can affect society. The Athenians were under siege and concentrated within the city. Major city centers were the hardest hit. This made the outbreak even more deadly and with probable food shortages the fate of Athens was inevitable. Approximately 25% of the population died of the disease. Thucydides stated that the epidemic "carried away all alike". The disease attacked people of different ages, sexes and nationalities.

text: Stopping the spread of infectious disease was of utmost importance for maintaining a healthy society. The outbreak of

text: disease

text: during the

text: Peloponnesian War

text: was recorded by

text: Thucydides

text: who survived the

text: epidemic

text: . From his account it is shown how factors outside the disease itself can affect society. The Athenians were under siege and concentrated within the city. Major city centers were the hardest hit. This made the outbreak even more deadly and with probable food shortages the fate of

text: Athens

text: was inevitable. Approximately 25% of the population died of the

text: disease

text: . Thucydides stated that the

text: epidemic

text: "carried away all alike". The

text: disease

text: attacked people of different ages, sexes and nationalities.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: disease during the Peloponnesian War

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The disease attacked people of different ages, sexes and nationalities

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Thucydides

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: The common cold

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The disease attacked people of different ages, sexes and nationalities

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Approximately 25% of the population died of the disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Stopping

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Scientists are still trying to understand the microorganisms within PM particles and how they are spread through pollutants. Research indicated that many kinds of pathogens and bacteria can be spread through PM smog and cause diseases. For example, smog in Beijing contains significant amounts of inhalable microbial allergens and pathogenic species, which increase the risk of respiratory diseases. The study also reported that among all the microorganisms within PM particles, 86.1% is bacteria, 13% eukaryota, 0.8% archaea, and 0.1% viruses. The smog contains a variety of bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Euryarchaeota. Many of these are not harmful to humans, but some pathogenic microorganisms are carried through smog, and their numbers increase as the pollutant level increases.

text: Scientists are still trying to understand the microorganisms within PM particles and how they are spread through pollutants. Research indicated that many kinds of pathogens and bacteria can be spread through PM smog and cause diseases. For example, smog in Beijing contains significant amounts of inhalable microbial allergens and pathogenic species, which increase the risk of respiratory diseases. The study also reported that among all the microorganisms within PM particles, 86.1% is bacteria, 13%

text: eukaryota

text: , 0.8%

text: archaea

text: , and 0.1% viruses. The smog contains a variety of bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Euryarchaeota. Many of these are not harmful to humans, but some pathogenic microorganisms are carried through smog, and their numbers increase as the pollutant level increases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogenic species

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Chloroflexi

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 86.1% is bacteria

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: pathogenic species

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Proteobacteria

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 86.1% is bacteria

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Proteobacteria

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogenic species

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Bacteroidetes

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogenic

text: MVD is clinically indistinguishable from Ebola virus disease (EVD), and it can also easily be confused with many other diseases prevalent in Equatorial Africa, such as other viral hemorrhagic fevers, falciparum malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, rickettsial diseases such as typhus, cholera, gram-negative septicemia, borreliosis such as relapsing fever or EHEC enteritis. Other infectious diseases that ought to be included in the differential diagnosis include leptospirosis, scrub typhus, plague, Q fever, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, visceral leishmaniasis, hemorrhagic smallpox, measles, and fulminant viral hepatitis. Non-infectious diseases that can be confused with MVD are acute promyelocytic leukemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome, snake envenomation, clotting factor deficiencies/platelet disorders, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Kawasaki disease, and even warfarin intoxication. The most important indicator that may lead to the suspicion of MVD at clinical examination is the medical history of the patient, in particular the travel and occupational history (which countries and caves were visited?) and the patient's exposure to wildlife (exposure to bats or bat excrements?). MVD can be confirmed by isolation of marburgviruses from or by detection of marburgvirus antigen or genomic or subgenomic RNAs in patient blood or serum samples during the acute phase of MVD. Marburgvirus isolation is usually performed by inoculation of grivet kidney epithelial Vero E6 or MA-104 cell cultures or by inoculation of human adrenal carcinoma SW-13 cells, all of which react to infection with characteristic cytopathic effects. Filovirions can easily be visualized and identified in cell culture by electron microscopy due to their unique filamentous shapes, but electron microscopy cannot differentiate the various filoviruses alone despite some overall length differences. Immunofluorescence assays are used to confirm marburgvirus presence in cell cultures. During an outbreak, virus isolation and electron microscopy are most often not feasible options. The most common diagnostic methods are therefore RT-PCR in conjunction with antigen-capture ELISA, which can be performed in field or mobile hospitals and laboratories. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) are not used for diagnosis of MVD in the field anymore.

text: MVD is clinically indistinguishable from

text: Ebola virus disease (EVD)

text: , and it can also easily be confused with many other diseases prevalent in

text: Equatorial Africa

text: , such as other

text: viral hemorrhagic fever

text: s,

text: falciparum malaria

text: typhoid fever

text: shigellosis

text: rickettsial diseases

text: such as

text: typhus

text: cholera

text: gram-negative

text: septicemia

text: borreliosis

text: such as

text: relapsing fever

text: or

entity_name: Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli

text: EHEC enteritis

text: . Other infectious diseases that ought to be included in the

text: differential diagnosis

text: include

text: leptospirosis

text: scrub typhus

text: plague

text: Q fever

text: candidiasis

text: histoplasmosis

text: trypanosomiasis

text: visceral

text: leishmaniasis

text: , hemorrhagic

text: smallpox

text: measles

text: , and fulminant

text: viral hepatitis

text: . Non-infectious diseases that can be confused with MVD are

text: acute promyelocytic leukemia

text: hemolytic uremic syndrome

text: snake

text: envenomation

text: clotting factor

text: deficiencies/platelet disorders,

text: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

text: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

text: Kawasaki disease

text: , and even

text: warfarin

text: intoxication. The most important indicator that may lead to the suspicion of MVD at clinical examination is the

text: medical history

text: of the patient, in particular the travel and occupational history (which countries and caves were visited?) and the patient's exposure to wildlife (exposure to bats or bat excrements?). MVD can be confirmed by isolation of marburgviruses from or by detection of marburgvirus antigen or genomic or subgenomic RNAs in patient

text: blood

text: or

text: serum

text: samples during the acute phase of MVD. Marburgvirus isolation is usually performed by

text: inoculation

text: of

text: grivet

text: kidney epithelial

text: Vero E6

text: or MA-104

text: cell culture

text: s or by inoculation of human adrenal carcinoma SW-13 cells, all of which react to infection with characteristic

text: cytopathic effect

text: s. Filovirions can easily be visualized and identified in cell culture by

text: electron microscopy

text: due to their unique filamentous shapes, but electron microscopy cannot differentiate the various filoviruses alone despite some overall length differences.

text: Immunofluorescence assays

text: are used to confirm marburgvirus presence in cell cultures. During an outbreak, virus isolation and electron microscopy are most often not feasible options. The most common diagnostic methods are therefore

entity_name: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

text: RT-PCR

text: in conjunction with

text: antigen-capture ELISA

text: , which can be performed in field or mobile hospitals and laboratories.

text: Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs)

text: are not used for diagnosis of MVD in the field anymore.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Ebola virus disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: be confused with MVD

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: marburgviruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: leptospirosis, scrub typhus, plague, Q fever, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola virus disease (EVD)

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: visceral leishmaniasis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: bats

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: leptospirosis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola virus disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Marburgviruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: marburgviruses

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: marburgvirus antigen

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: candidiasis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: exposure to bats or bat excrements

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Ebola virus disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Marburgvirus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: warfarin

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: marburgviruses

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Marburgvirus

text: Eight attempts have been made to date to eradicate infectious diseases: two successful programs targeting smallpox and rinderpest; four ongoing programs targeting poliomyelitis, yaws, dracunculiasis and malaria; and two former programs targeting hookworm and yellow fever. Five more infectious diseases have been identified as of April 2008 as potentially eradicable with current technology by the Carter Center International Task Force for Disease Eradication—measles, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis and cysticercosis.

text: Eight attempts have been made to date to eradicate infectious diseases: two successful programs targeting

text: smallpox

text: and

text: rinderpest

text: ; four ongoing programs targeting

text: poliomyelitis

text: yaws

text: dracunculiasis

text: and

text: malaria

text: ; and two former programs targeting

text: hookworm

text: and

text: yellow fever

text: . Five more infectious diseases have been identified as of April 2008 as potentially eradicable with current technology by the

text: Carter Center

text: International Task Force for Disease Eradication—

text: measles

text: mumps

text: rubella

text: lymphatic filariasis

text: and

text: cysticercosis

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: potentially eradicable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: yaws

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: dracunculiasis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: smallpox and rinderpest

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: cysticercosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: lymphatic filariasis

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: rinderpest

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: smallpox and rinderpest

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: yaws, dracunculiasis and malaria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: smallpox and rinderpest

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Four ongoing programs targeting poliomyelitis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: smallpox and rinderpest

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: hookworm

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: smallpox and rinderpest

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Four ongoing programs targeting poliomyelitis, yaws, dracunculiasis and malaria

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: cysticercosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: hookworm and yellow fever

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: filariasis

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: cysticercosis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: filariasis

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: smallpox

text: Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, killing more people worldwide than any other single cause. It caused by germs, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; Germs are tiny living things that are found everywhere in air, soil and water. You can get infected by touching, eating, drinking or breathing something that contains a germ. Infectious diseases, such as SARS and Ebola, have traveled across the world due to increased world trade and tourism.

text: Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, killing more people worldwide than any other single cause. It caused by germs, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; Germs are tiny living things that are found everywhere in air, soil and water. You can get infected by touching, eating, drinking or breathing something that contains a germ. Infectious diseases, such as SARS and Ebola, have traveled across the world due to increased world trade and tourism.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: germs

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: germs

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: SARS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It caused by germs

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Germs

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: SARS and Ebola

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: germs, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Germs

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: germs are tiny living things that are found everywhere in air, soil and water

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: germs

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasites

text: The disease overwinters as sclerotia or as mycelium on dead plant tissue. Once spring to early summer arrives, germination phase with hyphae growth continues. Following this, root colonization occurs. In Mid and late summer you begin to see the disease at its infectious stage, which is when you start to observe associated symptoms. The pathogen will penetrate the host, and colonize plant root tissue causing root rot. This initially causes the first symptoms of chlorotic leaves and eventually wilting. The pathogen will then eventually disseminate infecting neighboring plants, with infected plant tissue serving as a secondary inoculum fueling the disease. In situation of high moisture, conidia are produced on spore mats but its role in dispersal is currently unknown since very rarely conidia were found to germinate and facilitate the spread of disease.

text: The disease overwinters as sclerotia or as mycelium on dead plant tissue. Once spring to early summer arrives, germination phase with hyphae growth continues. Following this, root colonization occurs. In Mid and late summer you begin to see the disease at its infectious stage, which is when you start to observe associated symptoms. The pathogen will penetrate the host, and colonize plant root tissue causing root rot. This initially causes the first symptoms of chlorotic leaves and eventually wilting. The pathogen will then eventually disseminate infecting neighboring plants, with infected plant tissue serving as a secondary inoculum fueling the disease. In situation of high moisture, conidia are produced on spore mats but its role in dispersal is currently unknown since very rarely conidia were found to germinate and facilitate the spread of disease.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: mycelium

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: host

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: conidia

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The pathogen will penetrate the host

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: The pathogen will penetrate the host

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: In situation of high moisture

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: pathogen will penetrate the host, and colonize plant root tissue

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogen will penetrate the host, and colonize plant root tissue

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: inoculum

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: root rot

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: A field of recent importance for the application of ecological fitting is that of emerging infectious disease: infectious diseases that have emerged or increased incidence in the last 20 years, as a result of evolution, range expansion, or ecological changes.  Climate change represents an ecological perturbation that induces range and phenological shifts in many species, which can encourage parasite transmission and host switching without any evolutionary change occurring. When species begin to infect host species with which they were not previously associated, it may be the result of ecological fitting. Even organisms with complex life histories can switch hosts as long as the resource required by each life stage is phylogenetically conserved and geographically widespread, meaning that it is difficult to predict based on life history complexity or other external factors. This has been used to explain the mysterious appearance of the bullfrog lung trematode Haematoloechus floedae in Costa Rican leopard frogs, even though bullfrogs do not and have never occurred in this area.  When emerging infectious disease is the result of ecological fitting and host specificity is loose, then recurrent host shifts are likely to occur and the difficult task of building a predictive framework for management is necessary.

text: A field of recent importance for the application of ecological fitting is that of

text: emerging infectious disease

text: : infectious diseases that have emerged or increased incidence in the last 20 years, as a result of evolution, range expansion, or ecological changes.  Climate change represents an ecological perturbation that induces range and phenological shifts in many species, which can encourage parasite transmission and host switching without any evolutionary change occurring. When species begin to infect host species with which they were not previously associated, it may be the result of ecological fitting. Even organisms with complex life histories can switch hosts as long as the resource required by each life stage is phylogenetically conserved and geographically widespread, meaning that it is difficult to predict based on life history complexity or other external factors. This has been used to explain the mysterious appearance of the

text: bullfrog

text: lung

text: trematode

text: Haematoloechus floedae in Costa Rican

text: leopard frogs

text: , even though bullfrogs do not and have never occurred in this area.  When

text: emerging infectious disease

text: is the result of ecological fitting and host specificity is loose, then recurrent host shifts are likely to occur and the difficult task of building a predictive framework for management is necessary.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: trematode

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bullfrog lung trematode

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Parasites

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Parasites

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: parasite transmission and host switching without any evolutionary change

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Host specificity is loose

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: parasite transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: parasite transmission and host switching

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: parasite transmission

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Host switching without any evolutionary change

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: emerging infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Host switching without any evolutionary change

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: management

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasite

text: Throughout his career, Lipkin has been recognized for his service and ingenuity. He was awarded a NARSAD Young Investigator Award by National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression. Lipkin's work has since been recognized with the following honors: NIH Clinical Investigator Development Award; Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences; Japanese Human Science Foundation Visiting Professor; Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons Visiting Bruenn Professor; University of California (UC) Irvine Louise Turner Arnold Chair in the Neurosciences; American Society of Microbiology Foundation Lecturer; UC Irvine Distinguished Lecturer; Ellison Medical Foundation Senior Scholar in Global Infectious Disease; Millennium Commencement Speaker, Sarah Lawrence College; Dalldorf Research Physician NY State Department of Health; Fellow of the NY Academy of Sciences; Distinguished Lecturer of the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control; Honorary and Founding Director, Beijing Center for Infectious Diseases; Fellow, American Society for Microbiology; Columbia University Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Professor of Epidemiology; Columbia University John Snow Professor of Epidemiology; Scientific American, Top 25 Science Stories of 2007. He was the Founding Chair, Scientific Advisory Board, Cure Autism Now (merged with Autism Speaks, 2007);  Featured Investigator, NIAID Discovery News, 2008  A Microbe Hunter to the World; Distinguished Lecturer, Pennsylvania State University; Distinguished Lecturer, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Distinguished Lecturer, Pennsylvania State University; Distinguished Speaker, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Kinyoun Lecturer, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD; Distinguished Lecturer, Center for Autism Research, Philadelphia, PA; The Courage Fund Visiting Professorship, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Fellow, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2009; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Member, Association of American Physicians; Member, National Institutes of Health Advisory Committee to the Director; 2014 Oxford Simonyi Lecturer; 2014 Mendel Medal recipient.

text: Throughout his career, Lipkin has been recognized for his service and ingenuity. He was awarded a NARSAD Young Investigator Award by

text: National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression

text: . Lipkin's work has since been recognized with the following honors:

text: NIH Clinical Investigator Development Award

text: ; Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences; Japanese Human Science Foundation Visiting Professor;

entity_name: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

text: Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons

text: Visiting Bruenn Professor;

text: University of California

text: (UC)

text: Irvine Louise Turner Arnold Chair in the Neurosciences

text: ; American Society of Microbiology Foundation Lecturer; UC Irvine Distinguished Lecturer;

text: Ellison Medical Foundation

text: Senior Scholar in Global Infectious Disease; Millennium Commencement Speaker,

text: Sarah Lawrence College

text: ; Dalldorf Research Physician NY State Department of Health; Fellow of the NY Academy of Sciences; Distinguished Lecturer of the National Center for Infectious Diseases,

text: Centers for Disease Control

text: ; Honorary and Founding Director,

text: Beijing Center for Infectious Diseases

text: ; Fellow,

text: American Society for Microbiology

text: ; Columbia University Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Professor of Epidemiology; Columbia University John Snow Professor of Epidemiology; Scientific American,

text: Top 25 Science Stories of 2007

text: . He was the Founding Chair, Scientific Advisory Board,

text: Cure Autism Now

text: (merged with

text: Autism Speaks

text: , 2007);  Featured Investigator,

text: NIAID Discovery News

text: , 2008  A Microbe Hunter to the World; Distinguished Lecturer,

text: Pennsylvania State University

text: ; Distinguished Lecturer,

entity_name: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

text: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

text: ; Distinguished Lecturer, Pennsylvania State University; Distinguished Speaker, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Kinyoun Lecturer, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD; Distinguished Lecturer, Center for Autism Research, Philadelphia, PA; The Courage Fund Visiting Professorship, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Fellow, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2009; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Member, Association of American Physicians; Member, National Institutes of Health Advisory Committee to the Director; 2014 Oxford Simonyi Lecturer; 2014 Mendel Medal recipient.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Schizophrenia and Depression

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Autism

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: schizophrenia and depression

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Autism

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: A Microbe Hunter to the World

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: American Society of Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Measles

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Lipkin

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Lipkin's work has since been recognized with the honors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Lipkin

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Oxford Simonyi Lecturer

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: UC Irvine Distinguished Lecturer

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: UC Irvine Distinguished Lecturer

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: American Society of Microbiology

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Microbe

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Microbe

text: Strict isolation is used for diseases spread through the air and in some cases by contact Patients must be placed in isolation to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Those who are kept in strict isolation are often kept in a special room at the facility designed for that purpose. Such rooms are equipped with a special lavatory and caregiving equipment, and a sink and waste disposal are provided for workers upon leaving the area.

text: Strict isolation is used for diseases spread through the air and in some cases by contact Patients must be placed in isolation to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Those who are kept in strict isolation are often kept in a special room at the facility designed for that purpose. Such rooms are equipped with a special

text: lavatory

text: and caregiving equipment, and a sink and waste disposal are provided for workers upon leaving the area.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: contact

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: contact

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: lavatory

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Strict isolation

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: through the air

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: contact

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Strict isolation

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Strict

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Strict isolation

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Strict isolation

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: contact

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Strict isolation

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strict isolation

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Strict isolation

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: isolation

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: The pathogen is known to prefer warm wet weather, and outbreaks typically occur in the early summer months. Most symptoms of the pathogen do not occur until late summer and thus most farmers do not become aware of the diseased crop until harvest.  A combination of environmental factors have been linked to the prevalence of the pathogen such as: presence of host plant, frequent rainfall/irrigation and increased temperatures in spring and summer.  In addition, a reduction of drainage of the soil due to various techniques such as soil compaction are also known to create favorable environments for the pathogen.<ref>["Rhizoctonia Diseases." Michigan Potato Diseases. P.S. Wharton, Michigan State University, 2 May 2011. Web. 04 Oct. 2011.

text: The pathogen is known to prefer warm wet weather, and outbreaks typically occur in the early summer months. Most symptoms of the pathogen do not occur until late summer and thus most farmers do not become aware of the diseased crop until harvest.  A combination of environmental factors have been linked to the prevalence of the pathogen such as: presence of host plant, frequent rainfall/irrigation and increased temperatures in spring and summer.  In addition, a reduction of drainage of the soil due to various techniques such as soil compaction are also known to create favorable environments for the pathogen.<ref>["Rhizoctonia Diseases." Michigan Potato Diseases. P.S. Wharton, Michigan State University, 2 May 2011. Web. 04 Oct. 2011.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: cold

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: diseased crop

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Potato Diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: host plant

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: The common cold is spread by pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The pathogen is known to prefer warm wet weather

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avoid contact with vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens are contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Most symptoms of the pathogen do not occur until late summer

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Wash your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: soil compaction

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Rhizoctonia

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Taï Forest virus (TAFV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known Ebola virus (EBOV). TAFV causes severe disease in primates, the Ebola hemorrhagic fever. TAFV is a Select Agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent, and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group.

text: Taï Forest virus (TAFV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known

text: Ebola virus

text: (EBOV). TAFV causes severe

text: disease

text: in

text: primates

text: , the

text: Ebola

text: hemorrhagic fever

text: . TAFV is a

text: Select Agent

text: World Health Organization

text: Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring

text: Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment

text: National Institutes of Health

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: Category A Priority Pathogen,

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: Category A Bioterrorism Agent

text: , and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the

text: Australia Group

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: commonly known

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: primates

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Ta Forest virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Ta Forest virus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: TAFV

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Ta Forest virus

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Pathogen

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Biological

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Bioterrorism

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Biological

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases;<ref>

text: Vaccination is the administration of

text: antigen

text: ic material (a

text: vaccine

text: ) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop

text: adaptive

text: immunity

text: to a

text: pathogen

text: . Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate

text: morbidity

text: from

text: infection

text: . When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in

text: herd immunity

text: . The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the

text: influenza vaccine

text: , the

text: HPV vaccine

text: , and the

text: chicken pox vaccine

text: . Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases;<ref>

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: HPV

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: chicken pox

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: chicken pox

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HPV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: chicken pox

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Vaccination

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: HPV

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Vaccination

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Vaccination

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: The bacterium overwinters in diseased plants and thatch and is disseminated by water through rain splash, or mechanically by mowers, hoses, other gardening equipment, and golf shoes. The pathogen can also be present in the host at planting in infected sprigs, sod, or plugs. Unlike fungi, bacterial plant pathogens are unable to wound or mechanically probe plant hosts on their own. Instead, these pathogens enter through wounds inflicted on plants through verticutting, cultivation, sand, or through natural openings such as stomates and hydathodes. Once they have successfully entered and colonized the plant host, bacterial plant pathogens commandeer the nutrient and water supplies of plant cells to aid their own reproduction. In a study conducted by Zhou et al. (2013), the time between inoculation and wilt of host plants was found to depend heavily on temperature, with higher temperatures resulting in more rapid host decline. The researchers report the time between inoculation and wilting of host plants to be between 9–42 days. Bacteria can also spread to the roots of nearby plants underground. Within the plant host itself, bacteria spread by multiplying through binary fission and taking over more and more of the host by simply increasing their numbers.

text: The bacterium overwinters in diseased plants and

text: thatch

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: diseased plants

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: diseased plants

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: diseased plants

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: bacterial plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: The bacterium

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: golf shoes

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Bacteria

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: The bacterium overwinters in diseased plants and thatch

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: The bacterium overwinters in diseased plants and thatch

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Bacteria can also spread to the roots of nearby plants underground

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: golf shoes

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: bacterial plant pathogens are unable to wound or mechanically probe plant hosts on their own

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Bacteria can also spread to the roots of nearby plants underground

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Bacteria can also spread to the roots of nearby plants underground

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: bacteria can also spread to the roots of nearby plants underground

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The bacterium overwinters in diseased plants and thatch

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: diseased plants

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: binary fission

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: binary fission

text: Some habitats are better suited to increase survival probability making relocation a popular and promising method. Although no direct links between infectious diseases and seal mortality rates have been found, unidentified infectious diseases could prove detrimental to relocation strategies.Identification and mitigation of these and other possible factors (e.g., disease) limiting population growth represent ongoing challenges and are the primary objectives of the Hawaiian monk seal conservation and recovery effort.

text: Some habitats are better suited to increase survival probability making relocation a popular and promising method. Although no direct links between infectious diseases and seal mortality rates have been found, unidentified infectious diseases could prove detrimental to relocation strategies.Identification and mitigation of these and other possible factors (e.g., disease) limiting population growth represent ongoing challenges and are the primary objectives of the Hawaiian monk seal conservation and recovery effort.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: unidentified

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: monkey

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: unidentified infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: unidentified infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: unidentified infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Relocation

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: unidentified infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: unidentified infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: mitigation

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: unidentified

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: EAST declares its intentions to improve sanitary conditions in rural areas, prevent the spread of infectious diseases, ensure access to safe drinking water. It cooperates with local authorities and services.

text: EAST declares its intentions to improve

text: sanitary

text: conditions in

text: rural

text: areas, prevent the spread of

text: infectious disease

text: s, ensure access to safe drinking water. It cooperates with local authorities and services.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: prevent the spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: prevent the spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: spread of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: EAST

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: EAST

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: safe drinking water

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: A British inquiry into BSE concluded that the epidemic was caused by feeding cattle, who are normally herbivores, the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread. The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The current scientific view is that infectious proteins called prions developed through spontaneous mutation, probably in the 1970s, and there is a possibility that the use of organophosphorus pesticides increased the susceptibility of cattle to the disease. The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures it is able to survive; this contributed to the spread of the disease in Britain, which had reduced the temperatures used during its rendering process. Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves instead of milk from their mothers.

text: A British inquiry into BSE concluded that the epidemic was caused by feeding cattle, who are normally

text: herbivore

text: s, the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread. The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The current scientific view is that infectious proteins called

text: prion

text: s developed through spontaneous mutation, probably in the 1970s, and there is a possibility that the use of

text: organophosphorus pesticides

text: increased the susceptibility of cattle to the disease. The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures it is able to survive; this contributed to the spread of the disease in Britain, which had reduced the temperatures used during its

text: rendering

text: process. Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves instead of milk from their mothers.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: prions

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: prions

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: cattle

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: BSE

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: organophosphorus

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pesticides

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: prions

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prions

text: In the second half of the 1800s Louis Pasteur perfected experiments which disproved the then-popular theory of spontaneous generation and from which he derived the modern theory of (infectious) disease. Using experiments based on this theory, which posited that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases, Pasteur isolated the infectious agent from anthrax. He then derived a vaccine by altering the infectious agent so as to make it harmless and then introducing this inactivated form of the infectious agents into farm animals, which then proved to be immune to the disease.<ref>Principles of microbiology

text: In the second half of the 1800s

text: Louis Pasteur

text: perfected experiments which disproved the then-popular theory of

text: spontaneous generation

text: and from which he derived the modern

text: theory

text: of (infectious) disease. Using experiments based on this theory, which posited that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases, Pasteur isolated the infectious agent from

text: anthrax

text: . He then derived a vaccine by altering the infectious agent so as to make it harmless and then introducing this inactivated form of the infectious agents into farm animals, which then proved to be immune to the disease.<ref>Principles of microbiology

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Pasteur isolated the infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Pasteur isolated the infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Pasteur isolated the infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: anthrax

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious agent

text: A vaccine-preventable disease is an infectious disease for which an effective preventive vaccine exists.  If a person acquires a vaccine-preventable disease and dies from it, the death is considered a vaccine-preventable death.

text: A vaccine-preventable disease is an

text: infectious disease

text: for which an effective preventive

text: vaccine

text: exists.  If a person acquires a vaccine-preventable disease and dies from it, the death is considered a vaccine-preventable death.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: person

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: vaccine-preventable disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: vaccine-preventable death

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: vaccine-preventable

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: vaccine-preventable disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: vaccine-preventable

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: A vaccine-preventable disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is an effective preventive vaccine

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: vaccine-preventable disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: Some SNPs are associated with the metabolism of different drugs. The association of a wide range of human diseases like cancer, infectious diseases (AIDS, leprosy, hepatitis, etc.) autoimmune, neuropsychiatric and many other diseases with different SNPs can be made as relevant pharmacogenomic targets for drug therapy.

text: Some SNPs are associated with the metabolism of different drugs. The association of a wide range of human diseases like

text: cancer

text: infectious diseases

text: AIDS

text: leprosy

text: hepatitis

text: , etc.)

text: autoimmune

text: neuropsychiatric

text: and many other diseases with different SNPs can be made as relevant

text: pharmacogenomic

text: targets for drug therapy.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: AIDS, leprosy

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: SNPs

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: leprosy

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: drugs

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: AIDS

text: The Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR)  is an integrative and comprehensive publicly available database and analysis resource to search, analyze, visualize, save and share data for viral pathogens in the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Category A-C Priority Pathogen lists for biodefense research, and other viral pathogens causing emerging/reemerging infectious diseases. ViPR is one of the five Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC) funded by NIAID, a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

text: The Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR)  is an integrative and comprehensive publicly available database and analysis resource to search, analyze, visualize, save and share data for viral pathogens in the U.S.

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: (NIAID) Category A-C Priority Pathogen lists for biodefense research, and other viral pathogens causing emerging/reemerging infectious diseases. ViPR is one of the five

text: Bioinformatics Resource Centers

text: (BRC) funded by

text: NIAID

text: , a component of the

text: National Institutes of Health

text: (NIH), which is an agency of the

text: United States Department of Health and Human Services

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: viral pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: viral pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: viral pathogen

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: reemerging infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Allergy

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: ViPR

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: viral pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: viral pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: viral pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: viral pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: viral pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: biodefense

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: viral pathogen

text: Sociality, although a very successful way of life, is thought to increase the per-individual risk of acquiring disease, simply because close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route for infectious diseases. As social organisms are often densely aggregated and exhibit high levels of interaction, pathogens can more easily spread from infectious to susceptible individuals. The intimate interactions often found in social insects, such as the sharing of food through regurgitation, are further possible routes of pathogen transmission. As the members of social groups are typically closely related, they are more likely to be susceptible to the same pathogens. This effect is compounded when overlapping generations are present (such as in social insect colonies and primate groups), which facilitates the horizontal transmission of pathogens from the older generation to the next. In the case of species that live in nests/burrows, stable, homeostatic temperatures and humidity may create ideal conditions for pathogen growth.

text: Sociality, although a very successful way of life, is thought to increase the per-individual risk of acquiring disease, simply because close contact with

text: conspecifics

text: is a key transmission route for

text: infectious diseases

text: . As social organisms are often densely aggregated and exhibit high levels of interaction, pathogens can more easily spread from infectious to susceptible individuals. The intimate interactions often found in social insects, such as the sharing of food through regurgitation, are further possible routes of pathogen transmission. As the members of social groups are typically closely related, they are more likely to be susceptible to the same pathogens. This effect is compounded when overlapping generations are present (such as in social insect colonies and primate groups), which facilitates the

text: horizontal transmission

text: of pathogens from the older generation to the next. In the case of species that live in nests/burrows, stable, homeostatic temperatures and humidity may create ideal conditions for pathogen growth.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: horizontal transmission

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: social insects

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: regurgitation

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens can more easily spread from infectious to susceptible individuals

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: close contact with conspecifics

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: close contact with conspecifics

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: The intimate interactions often found in social insects

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens can more easily spread from infectious to susceptible individuals

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens can more easily spread from infectious to susceptible individuals

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: close contact with conspecifics is a key transmission route for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmission route

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: social

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Public health plays an important role in disease prevention efforts in both the developing world and in developed countries, through local health systems and non-governmental organizations. The World Health Organization (WHO) is the international agency that coordinates and acts on global public health issues. Most countries have their own government public health agencies, sometimes known as ministries of health, to respond to domestic health issues. For example, in the United States, the front line of public health initiatives are state and local health departments. The United States Public Health Service (PHS), led by the Surgeon General of the United States, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, headquartered in Atlanta, are involved with several international health activities, in addition to their national duties. In Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada is the national agency responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention. The Public health system in India is managed by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of the government of India with state owned health care facilities.

text: Public health plays an important role in disease prevention efforts in both the developing world and in developed countries, through local health systems and

text: non-governmental organization

text: s. The

text: World Health Organization

text: (WHO) is the international agency that coordinates and acts on

text: global public health

text: issues. Most countries have their own government public health agencies, sometimes known as ministries of health, to respond to domestic health issues. For example, in the

text: United States

text: , the front line of public health initiatives are state and local

text: health department

text: s. The

text: United States Public Health Service

text: (PHS), led by the

text: Surgeon General of the United States

text: , and the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: , headquartered in

text: Atlanta

text: , are involved with several international health activities, in addition to their national duties. In Canada, the

text: Public Health Agency of Canada

text: is the national agency responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and

text: chronic disease

text: control and prevention. The

text: Public health system in India

text: is managed by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of the government of India with state owned health care facilities.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious and chronic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious and chronic disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: The World Health Organization (WHO)

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections include tetanus and measles

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Public Health Agency of Canada

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Most countries have their own government public health agencies

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: The World Health Organization (WHO)

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: The World Health Organization

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Public health

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Most countries have their own government public health agencies

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Most countries have their own government public health agencies, sometimes known as ministries of health

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The World Health Organization (WHO)

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Prevention

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: Native Americans had lived along the waterways for several thousand years. Siouan-speaking tribes were the ones encountered by English colonists. Their numbers were sharply reduced by European infectious diseases to which they had no immunity, which caused widespread social disruption.

text: Native Americans

text: had lived along the waterways for several thousand years.

text: Siouan

text: -speaking tribes were the ones encountered by

text: English colonists

text: . Their numbers were sharply reduced by European

text: infectious diseases

text: to which they had no immunity, which caused widespread social disruption.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: European

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: European

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: European

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: European

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Siouan-speaking tribes

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: European infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immunity

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: European

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: The film focuses on an outbreak of a fictional Ebola-like virus, Motaba, in Zaire and later in a small town in the United States. It is primarily set in the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the fictional town of Cedar Creek, California. Outbreak plot speculates how far military and civilian agencies might go to contain the spread of a deadly, contagious disease.

text: The film focuses on an outbreak of a fictional

text: Ebola-like virus

text: , Motaba, in

text: Zaire

text: and later in a small town in the United States. It is primarily set in the

text: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

text: and the

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: and the fictional town of Cedar Creek, California. Outbreak plot speculates how far military and civilian agencies might go to contain the spread of a deadly, contagious disease.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: deadly, contagious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: contagious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Motaba

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Motaba

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is primarily set in the United States Army Medical Research Institute

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Motaba

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Disease Control

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: There are 35 notifiable infectious diseases, which are divided into Classes A, B, and C. The functions of the surveillance include explaining the natural history of infectious diseases, describing the distribution of case occurrence, triggering disease-control effort, monitoring epidemic of infectious diseases during natural disasters, predicting and controlling epidemics and providing the base of policy adjustment.

text: There are 35 notifiable infectious diseases, which are divided into Classes A, B, and C. The functions of the surveillance include explaining the natural history of infectious diseases, describing the distribution of case occurrence, triggering disease-control effort, monitoring epidemic of infectious diseases during

text: natural disasters

text: , predicting and controlling epidemics and providing the base of policy adjustment.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Class A

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: notifiable

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Class A, B, and C

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Class A

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: C

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: C

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: C

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: notifiable

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: notifiable infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: C

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: notifiable

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Class A

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Infectious disease, also known as Infectious diseases, infectious medicine, infectious disease medicine or infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections. An infectious disease (ID) specialist's practice may consist largely of managing nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, or it may be out-patient based, in which case it focuses more on community-acquired infections.

text: Infectious disease, also known as Infectious diseases, infectious medicine, infectious disease medicine or infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections. An infectious disease (ID) specialist's practice may consist largely of managing nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, or it may be out-patient based, in which case it focuses more on community-acquired infections.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: nosocomial

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: nosocomial

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: nosocomial

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: nosocomial

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: nosocomial

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Hospital-acquired

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It focuses more on community-acquired infections

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: (hospital-acquired) infections

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: hospital-acquired

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Nosocomial

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: (hospital-acquired) infections

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: nosocomial

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: control

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: community-acquired

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Infectious

text: Some cultural controls include pruning out infectious plant material, planting in pathogen-free fields, and practicing proper sanitation techniques. In the Philippines, pruning and cutting out patches of infected tissue have prevented the spread of the pathogen in the plant during disease outbreaks. General sanitation practices have also reduced the spread of inoculum. When planters failed to maintain sanitary equipment, seeds, and soil, they witnessed severe fruit infections. The more freckles seen on the leaves of the plant, the more the fruit develops symptoms of the disease. Inversely, less freckles corresponded to less disease.

text: Some cultural controls include pruning out infectious plant material, planting in

text: pathogen-free

text: fields, and practicing proper sanitation techniques. In the Philippines, pruning and cutting out patches of infected tissue have prevented the spread of the pathogen in the plant during disease outbreaks. General sanitation practices have also reduced the spread of inoculum. When planters failed to maintain sanitary equipment, seeds, and soil, they witnessed severe fruit infections. The more freckles seen on the leaves of the plant, the more the fruit develops symptoms of the disease. Inversely, less freckles corresponded to less disease.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: fruit infections

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: fruit infections

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fruit

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: fruit infections

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: fruit infections

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Sanitation techniques

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Less freckles

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: sanitation techniques

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: inoculum

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: sanitation

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: The Journal of Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed biweekly medical journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. It covers research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, on the microbes that cause them, and on immune system disorders. The editor-in-chief is Martin Hirsch, who succeeded Marvin Turck. The journal was established in 1904 and was a quarterly until 1969 when it became a monthly then in 2001, it began biweekly publication. From 1904 to 2011, the journal was published by the University of Chicago Press.

text: The Journal of Infectious Diseases is a

text: peer-reviewed

text: biweekly

text: medical journal

text: published by

text: Oxford University Press

text: on behalf of the

text: Infectious Diseases Society of America

text: . It covers research on the

text: pathogenesis

text: diagnosis

text: , and

text: treatment

text: of

text: infectious disease

text: s, on the

text: microbes

text: that cause them, and on

text: immune system

text: disorders. The

text: editor-in-chief

text: is Martin Hirsch, who succeeded

text: Marvin Turck

text: . The journal was established in 1904 and was a quarterly until 1969 when it became a monthly then in 2001, it began biweekly publication. From 1904 to 2011, the journal was published by the

text: University of Chicago Press

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Journal of Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It covers research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It covers research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immune system disorders

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: microbes

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: microbes

text: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death around the world for an infectious disease. This disease is especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, and the Latin American and Caribbean region.  While the tuberculosis rate is decreasing in the rest of the world, it is increasing by rate of 6 percent per year in Sub-Saharan Africa.  It is the leading cause of death for people with HIV in Africa. Tuberculosis (TB) is closely related to lifestyles of poverty, overcrowded conditions, alcoholism, stress, drug addiction and malnutrition.   This disease spreads quickly among people who are undernourished. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in the United States, tuberculosis is more prevalent among foreign born persons, and ethnic minorities.  The rates are especially high among Hispanics, Blacks and Asians.HIV infection and TB are also closely tied.  Being infected with HIV increases the rate of activation of latent TB infections, and having TB, increases the rate of HIV replication, therefore accelerating the progression of AIDS.

text: Tuberculosis

text: is the leading cause of death around the world for an infectious disease. This disease is especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, and the Latin American and Caribbean region.  While the tuberculosis rate is decreasing in the rest of the world, it is increasing by rate of 6 percent per year in Sub-Saharan Africa.  It is the leading cause of death for people with HIV in Africa. Tuberculosis (TB) is closely related to lifestyles of poverty, overcrowded conditions, alcoholism, stress, drug addiction and malnutrition.   This disease spreads quickly among people who are undernourished. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in the United States, tuberculosis is more prevalent among foreign born persons, and ethnic minorities.  The rates are especially high among Hispanics, Blacks and Asians.HIV infection and TB are also closely tied.  Being infected with HIV increases the rate of activation of latent TB infections, and having TB, increases the rate of HIV replication, therefore accelerating the progression of AIDS.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: alcoholism

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This disease spreads quickly among people who are undernourished

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: During the 1960s, two London-based researchers, radiation biologist Tikvah Alper and biophysicist John Stanley Griffith, developed the hypothesis that some transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by an infectious agent consisting solely of proteins. Earlier investigations by E. J. Field into scrapie and kuru had identified the transfer of pathologically inert polysaccharides that only become infectious in the host. Alper and Griffith wanted to account for the discovery that the mysterious infectious agent causing the diseases scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease resisted ionizing radiation.  (A single ionizing "hit" normally destroys an entire infectious particle, and the dose needed to hit half the particles depends on the size of the particles. The data suggested that the infectious agent was too small to be a virus.)

text: During the 1960s, two London-based researchers, radiation biologist

text: Tikvah Alper

text: and biophysicist

text: John Stanley Griffith

text: , developed the hypothesis that some

text: transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

text: are caused by an infectious agent consisting solely of proteins. Earlier investigations by

text: E. J. Field

text: into

text: scrapie

text: and

text: kuru

text: had identified the transfer of pathologically inert polysaccharides that only become infectious in the host. Alper and Griffith wanted to account for the discovery that the mysterious infectious agent causing the diseases scrapie and

text: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

text: resisted

text: ionizing radiation

text: .  (A single ionizing "hit" normally destroys an entire infectious particle, and the dose needed to hit half the particles depends on the size of the particles. The data suggested that the infectious agent was too small to be a virus.)

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: host

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: kuru

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: scrapie

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: polysaccharides

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathologically inert polysaccharides

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Tikvah Alper

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious agent consisting only of proteins

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Tikvah Alper

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: ionizing

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: radiation

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: Prescribing by an infectious disease specialist compared with prescribing by a non-infectious disease specialist decreases antibiotic consumption and reduces costs.

text: Prescribing by an infectious disease specialist compared with prescribing by a non-infectious disease specialist decreases antibiotic consumption and reduces costs.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Prescribe by an infectious disease specialist

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: non-infectious disease specialist

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: antibiotic consumption

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: antibiotic consumption

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Protozoa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: antibiotic

text: Viral hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola Virus Disease, Lassa fever virus, Rift Valley fever, Marburg Virus and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever are highly contagious and deadly diseases, with the theoretical potential to become pandemics. Their ability to spread efficiently enough to cause a pandemic is limited, however, as transmission of these viruses requires close contact with the infected vector, and the vector only has a short time before death or serious illness. Furthermore, the short time between a vector becoming infectious and the onset of symptoms allows medical professionals to quickly quarantine vectors, and prevent them from carrying the pathogen elsewhere. Genetic mutations could occur, which could elevate their potential for causing widespread harm; thus close observation by contagious disease specialists is merited.

text: Viral hemorrhagic fevers such as

text: Ebola Virus Disease

text: Lassa fever virus

text: Rift Valley fever

text: Marburg Virus

text: and

text: Bolivian hemorrhagic fever

text: are highly contagious and deadly diseases, with the theoretical potential to become pandemics. Their ability to spread efficiently enough to cause a pandemic is limited, however, as transmission of these viruses requires close contact with the infected

text: vector

text: , and the vector only has a short time before death or serious illness. Furthermore, the short time between a vector becoming infectious and the onset of symptoms allows medical professionals to quickly

text: quarantine

text: vectors, and prevent them from carrying the pathogen elsewhere. Genetic mutations could occur, which could elevate their potential for causing widespread harm; thus close observation by contagious disease specialists is merited.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: deadly

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Viral

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Marburg Virus

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Lassa fever virus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Lassa fever virus

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Marburg Virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola Virus Disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Lassa fever virus

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Ebola Virus Disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Marburg Virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: close contact with the infected vector

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: close contact

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Viral hemorrhagic fevers

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: close contact with the infected vector

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Viral hemorrhagic fevers

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Marburg

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: quarantine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola

text: The Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada (AMMI Canada) is a Canadian national medical specialty association composed of specialists in infectious diseases and medical microbiology, clinical microbiologists and researchers specializing in preventing, diagnosing, and treating infections. The association is a national specialty society recognized by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.The association promotes the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human infectious diseases through our involvement in education, research, clinical practice and patient advocacy. Position papers and guidelines in support of this mission are published in the official Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - JAMMI (an open access journal) and/or posted on the organization's website.  Prior to January 1 2016, these were published in the Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology The annual meeting of the association occurs in the spring at which members present information of mutual interest.

text: The Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada (AMMI Canada) is a Canadian national medical specialty association composed of specialists in infectious diseases and medical microbiology, clinical microbiologists and researchers specializing in preventing, diagnosing, and treating infections. The association is a national specialty society recognized by the

entity_name: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

text: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

text: .The association promotes the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human infectious diseases through our involvement in education, research, clinical practice and patient advocacy. Position papers and guidelines in support of this mission are published in the official Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - JAMMI (an

text: open access journal

text: ) and/or posted on the organization's website.  Prior to January 1 2016, these were published in the Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology The annual meeting of the association occurs in the spring at which members present information of mutual interest.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: human infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microbiology

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: microbiology

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: microbiology

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: human infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: AMMI Canada

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: AMMI Canada

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: microbiology

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: AMMI Canada

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: AMMI Canada

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: microbiology

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: microbiology

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: microbiology

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: microbiology

text: Another important societal variable for mating strategies is the threat of infectious disease or pathogen prevalence. Since physical attractiveness is thought to signal health and disease resistance, evolutionary psychologists have predicted that, in societies high in pathogen prevalence, people will value attractiveness more in a mate. Indeed, research has confirmed that pathogen prevalence is associated with preferences for attractiveness across nations. Women in nations with high pathogen prevalence also show greater preferences for facial masculinity. Researchers have also reasoned that sexual contact with multiple individuals increases the risk of disease transmission, thereby increasing the costs of pursuing a short-term mating strategy. Consistent with this reasoning, higher pathogen prevalence is associated with lower national SOI scores. Finally, several studies have found that experimentally manipulating disease salience has a causal influence on attractiveness preferences and SOI scores in predicted directions.

text: Another important societal variable for mating strategies is the threat of infectious disease or pathogen prevalence. Since physical attractiveness is thought to signal health and disease resistance, evolutionary psychologists have predicted that, in societies high in pathogen prevalence, people will value attractiveness more in a mate. Indeed, research has confirmed that pathogen prevalence is associated with preferences for attractiveness across nations. Women in nations with high pathogen prevalence also show greater preferences for facial masculinity. Researchers have also reasoned that sexual contact with multiple individuals increases the risk of disease transmission, thereby increasing the costs of pursuing a short-term mating strategy. Consistent with this reasoning, higher pathogen prevalence is associated with lower national SOI scores. Finally, several studies have found that experimentally manipulating disease salience has a causal influence on attractiveness preferences and SOI scores in predicted directions.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: sexual contact with multiple individuals increases the risk of disease transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: physical attractiveness is thought to signal health

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Island biogeography theory also led to the development of wildlife corridors as a conservation tool to increase connectivity between habitat islands. Wildlife corridors can increase the movement of species between parks and reserves and therefore increase the number of species that can be supported, but they can also allow for the spread of disease and pathogens between populations, complicating the simple proscription of connectivity being good for biodiversity.

text: Island biogeography theory also led to the development of

text: wildlife corridor

text: s as a conservation tool to increase connectivity between habitat islands. Wildlife corridors can increase the movement of species between parks and reserves and therefore increase the number of species that can be supported, but they can also allow for the spread of disease and pathogens between populations, complicating the simple proscription of connectivity being good for biodiversity.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The spread of disease and pathogens

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Wildlife corridors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Disease and pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Wildlife corridors can increase the movement of species

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Plant breeders emphasize selection and development of disease-resistant plant lines. Plant diseases can also be partially controlled by use of pesticides and by cultivation practices such as crop rotation, tillage, planting density, disease-free seeds and cleaning of equipment, but plant varieties with inherent (genetically determined) disease resistance are generally preferred. Breeding for disease resistance began when plants were first domesticated. Breeding efforts continue because pathogen populations are under selection pressure for increased virulence, new pathogens appear, evolving cultivation practices and changing climate can reduce resistance and/or strengthen pathogens, and plant breeding for other traits can disrupt prior resistance. A plant line with acceptable resistance against one pathogen may lack resistance against others.

text: Plant breeders emphasize selection and development of disease-resistant plant lines. Plant diseases can also be partially controlled by use of

text: pesticides

text: and by cultivation practices such as

text: crop rotation

text: , tillage, planting density, disease-free seeds and cleaning of equipment, but plant varieties with inherent (genetically determined) disease resistance are generally preferred. Breeding for disease resistance began when plants were first domesticated. Breeding efforts continue because pathogen populations are under

text: selection pressure

text: for increased virulence, new pathogens appear, evolving cultivation practices and changing climate can reduce resistance and/or strengthen pathogens, and plant breeding for other traits can disrupt prior resistance. A plant line with acceptable resistance against one pathogen may lack resistance against others.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: genetically determined

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: genetically determined

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogen populations are under selection pressure for increased virulence

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Plant breeders emphasize selection and development of disease-resistant plant lines

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Plant diseases can also be partially controlled

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Plant breeders emphasize selection and development of disease-resistant plant lines

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Plant diseases can also be partially controlled by use of pesticides

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Plant diseases can also be partially controlled by use of pesticides

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Plant breeders emphasize selection and development of disease-resistant plant lines

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen populations are under selection pressure for increased virulence

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: A plant line with acceptable resistance against one pathogen may lack resistance against others

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Breeding for disease resistance began when plants were first domesticated

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Plant diseases can also be partially controlled by use of pesticides

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Plant breeders emphasize selection and development of disease-resistant plant lines

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Plant diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pesticides

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pesticides

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Non-traumatic causes are less common. These include infectious diseases, medical procedures such as colonoscopy, haematological diseases, medications, and pregnancy.

text: Non-traumatic causes are less common. These include infectious diseases, medical procedures such as colonoscopy, haematological diseases, medications, and pregnancy.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Haematological

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: colonoscopy

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: haematological diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Non-traumatic causes

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Non-traumatic causes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Non-traumatic causes

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Non-traumatic causes

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Non-traumatic causes

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Non-traumatic

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Non-traumatic causes

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Non-traumatic causes

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: medications

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: medications

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: haematological diseases

text: This development would lead to the development of an algorithm which would help to identify the conserved regions of pathogen sequences and in turn would be useful for vaccine development. This would be helpful in limiting the spread of infectious disease. These examples illustrate the power of immunoinformatics' application to complex problems in public health. Immunoinformatics could accelerate the discovery process dramatically and potentially shorten the time required for vaccine development.

text: This development would lead to the development of an algorithm which would help to identify the conserved regions of pathogen sequences and in turn would be useful for vaccine development. This would be helpful in limiting the spread of infectious disease. These examples illustrate the power of immunoinformatics' application to complex problems in public health. Immunoinformatics could accelerate the discovery process dramatically and potentially shorten the time required for vaccine development.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogen sequences

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen sequences

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: vaccine development

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen sequences

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This would be helpful in limiting the spread of infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogen sequences

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: vaccine development

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This would be helpful in limiting the spread of infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogen sequences

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: “It is important to note that dead whales that have been washed ashore in Ghana were in a decomposed state and, therefore, samples could not be taken for laboratory analysis to ascertain the cause of death,” the Ministry of Fisheries and the Fisheries Commission said in a joint statement signed by the sector Minister, Mr Nayon Bilijo. The Fisheries Commission said: “The cause of death of the whales is not due to negligence or inaction on the part of competent authorities responsible for the regulation and management of the Ghanaian marine waters”. It explained that the death of a whale could be due to ageing, infectious disease related to bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infection or non-infectious diseases related to failure of internal organs.

text: “It is important to note that dead whales that have been washed ashore in Ghana were in a decomposed state and, therefore, samples could not be taken for laboratory analysis to ascertain the cause of death,” the Ministry of Fisheries and the Fisheries Commission said in a joint statement signed by the sector Minister, Mr

text: Nayon Bilijo

text: . The Fisheries Commission said: “The cause of death of the whales is not due to negligence or inaction on the part of competent authorities responsible for the regulation and management of the Ghanaian marine waters”. It explained that the death of a whale could be due to ageing, infectious disease related to bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infection or non-infectious diseases related to failure of internal organs.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viral and parasitic

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: viral and parasitic infection

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: failure of internal organs

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: fungal

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: dead whales

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: parasitic infection

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: parasitic infection

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: dead whales

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infection

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasitic

text: A mathematical model is a simplified representation using mathematical language to describe natural, mechanical or social system dynamics.  In the early 20th century, epidemiologists became increasingly interested in the use of mathematical modelling procedures to project possible patterns in the spread of infectious diseases, including potential outcomes of an epidemic.  To achieve these goals, epidemiological modelers unite several types of information and analytic capacity, including: 1) mathematical equations and computational algorithms; 2) computer technology; 3) epidemiological knowledge about infectious disease dynamics, including information about specific pathogens and disease vectors; and 4) research data on social conditions and human behavior.  Mathematical modelling in epidemiology is now being applied to syndemics.  Abu-Raddad, Patnaik, and Kublin (2006), for example, used modelling to quantify the syndemic effects of malaria and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa based on research in Kisumu, Kenya.  These researchers point out that infection with HIV facilitates disease progression in individuals exposed to malaria.  At the same time, immune reaction to malaria doubles the infectious level of HIV infected individual.  In short, in typical syndemic fashion, each of these diseases amplifies the effects of the other.  Using mathematical modelling, Abu-Raddad and co-workers found that 5% of HIV infections (or 8,500 cases of HIV since 1980) in Kisumu are the result of the higher HIV infectiousness of malaria-infected HIV patients.  Additionally, their model attributed 10% of adult malaria episodes (or almost one million excess malaria infections since 1980) to the greater susceptibility of HIV infected individuals to malaria.  Their model also suggests that HIV has contributed to the wider geographic spread of malaria in Africa, a process previously thought to be the consequence primarily of global warming.  Other researchers (e.g., Herring and Sattenspiel 2007) also have begun to apply mathematical modelling to syndemics.  Modelling offers an enormously useful tool for anticipating future syndemics, including eco-syndemic, based on information about the spread of various diseases across the planet and the consequent co-infections and disease interactions that will result.

text: A

text: mathematical model

text: is a simplified representation using mathematical language to describe natural, mechanical or social system dynamics.  In the early 20th century, epidemiologists became increasingly interested in the use of mathematical modelling procedures to project possible patterns in the spread of

text: infectious diseases

text: , including potential outcomes of an epidemic.  To achieve these goals, epidemiological modelers unite several types of information and analytic capacity, including: 1) mathematical equations and computational algorithms; 2) computer technology; 3) epidemiological knowledge about

text: infectious disease dynamics

text: , including information about specific pathogens and disease

text: vectors

text: ; and 4) research data on social conditions and human behavior.

text: Mathematical modelling in epidemiology

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: disease vectors

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: disease vectors

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: To achieve these goals, epidemiological modelers unite several types of information

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: each of these diseases amplifies the effects of the other

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens and disease vectors

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The proper way to wash your hands is to scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: disease vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immune

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: There are many communicable diseases and conditions that threaten the livelihood of the Guatemalan people on a day-to-day basis. Infectious diseases are still the number one cause of death for people in developing countries, whereas in the developed world, infectious diseases are no longer a significant problem. Furthermore, in Guatemala, parasites, diabetes, and malnutrition are huge health problems. Diabetes threatens development in many rural Mayan communities within Guatemala. In order to attack this problem head-on, “health service efforts must be culturally appropriate and emphasize awareness, prevention, early detection, and universal treatment”. Also, malnutrition remains a huge problem among children and adults in Guatemala. Given the prevalence of poverty, many residents have limited access to quality nutrition, limited education, and higher rates of disease. Even though there have been improvements, Guatemala is still characterized by high infant and maternal morbidity and mortality rates, pervasive malnutrition, and high incidences of infectious diseases. Also, in Guatemala, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and obesity has risen.

text: There are many

text: communicable diseases

text: and conditions that threaten the livelihood of the Guatemalan people on a day-to-day basis.

text: Infectious diseases

text: are still the number one cause of death for people in

text: developing countries

text: , whereas in the developed world, infectious diseases are no longer a significant problem. Furthermore, in Guatemala, parasites,

text: diabetes

text: , and

text: malnutrition

text: are huge health problems. Diabetes threatens development in many rural Mayan communities within Guatemala. In order to attack this problem head-on, “health service efforts must be culturally appropriate and emphasize awareness, prevention, early detection, and universal treatment”. Also, malnutrition remains a huge problem among children and adults in Guatemala. Given the prevalence of poverty, many residents have limited access to quality nutrition, limited education, and higher rates of disease. Even though there have been improvements, Guatemala is still characterized by high infant and maternal

text: morbidity

text: and

text: mortality rate

text: s, pervasive malnutrition, and high

text: incidences

text: of infectious diseases. Also, in Guatemala, the

text: prevalence

text: of Type 2 diabetes and obesity has risen.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Type 2 diabetes

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Type 2 diabetes

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: communicable diseases and conditions

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: communicable

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: communicable diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: “health service efforts must be culturally appropriate

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Type 2

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: prevention

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasites

text: Originally fever patients had been treated in ordinary wards at DRI, but as awareness of the need for isolation to prevent the spread of contagious disease grew during the nineteenth century, this practice ceased. In the 1860s and 1870s smallpox and typhus patients were treated in wooden pavilions at other sites and this ultimately led to the opening of a separate hospital for infectious diseases at King's Cross in 1889.

text: Originally fever patients had been treated in ordinary wards at DRI, but as awareness of the need for isolation to prevent the spread of contagious disease grew during the nineteenth century, this practice ceased. In the 1860s and 1870s smallpox and typhus patients were treated in wooden pavilions at other sites and this ultimately led to the opening of a separate hospital for infectious diseases at

text: King's Cross

text: in 1889.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: typhus

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: contagious disease

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: fever

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: typhus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: To prevent the spread of contagious disease

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: contagious disease

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: typhus

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: smallpox and typhus patients

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: contagious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: contagious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: smallpox

text: In the study of infectious diseases and host responses, the mathematical and computer models are a great help. These models were very useful in characterizing the behavior and spread of infectious disease, by understanding the dynamics of the pathogen in the host and the mechanisms of host factors which aid pathogen persistence. Examples include Plasmodium falciparum and nematode infection in ruminants.

text: In the study of infectious diseases and host responses, the mathematical and computer models are a great help. These models were very useful in characterizing the behavior and spread of infectious disease, by understanding the dynamics of the pathogen in the host and the mechanisms of host factors which aid pathogen persistence. Examples include Plasmodium falciparum and nematode infection in ruminants.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Plasmodium

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Plasmodium

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Plasmodium

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Plasmodium

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: nematode

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Plasmodium

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The study of infectious diseases and host responses

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: parasites

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: nematode

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: In the study of infectious diseases and host responses

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Plasmodium

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Results of carried out research projects managed by this center includes reports on plague in rodents and dogs in the western part of the country, reports on tularemia seropositivity in human high-risk groups in Kurdistan and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces  and the first report of endocarditis case of Q fever in Tehran. In addition, this research center has a close scientific relationship with the national reference laboratory of Arboviruses and viral haemorrhagic fever in Pasteur Institute of Iran to monitor other emerging and reemerging infectious diseases such as Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, etc. To monitor other emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, studies have been done on diseases such as recurrent fever, HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis.

text: Results of carried out research projects managed by this center includes reports on plague in rodents and dogs in the western part of the country, reports on tularemia seropositivity in human high-risk groups in Kurdistan and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces  and the first report of endocarditis case of Q fever in Tehran. In addition, this research center has a close scientific relationship with the national reference laboratory of Arboviruses and viral haemorrhagic fever in Pasteur Institute of Iran to monitor other emerging and reemerging infectious diseases such as Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, etc. To monitor other emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, studies have been done on diseases such as recurrent fever, HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: tularemia

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: plague

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Arboviruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: dogs

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: dengue fever

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: plague

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: dengue fever

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: tularemia

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: rodents

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral haemorrhagic fever

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tularemia

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: To monitor other emerging and reemerging infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: high-risk groups

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Arboviruses

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Arboviruses

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This research center has a close scientific relationship

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: tularemia seropositivity

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: tularemia seropositivity in human high-risk groups

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Arbovirus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: tuberculoses

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Pasteur

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Arbovirus

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: plague

text: Plant pathogens follow infectious disease dynamics. The basic reproductive rate

text: Plant pathogens follow

text: infectious disease dynamics

text: . The

text: basic reproductive rate

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Plant

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Plant pathogens follow infectious disease dynamics

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Plant pathogens follow infectious disease dynamics

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Plant pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Starting in 1915, he worked at the George Williams Hooper Foundation Institute for Medical Research, University of California, devoted to medical research (whose first director was George H. Whipple, the Nobelist). At first, Meyer was acting director, and soon succeeded Whipple as director of the Hooper.Meyer’s personality, his enormous knowledge combined with his energy and extraordinary drive were just what was needed to tackle the many pioneering tasks. He contributed significantly to the understanding, treatment, and prevention of many infectious (and other) diseases. His contributions and achievements were founded on his holistic, ecological approach. He was a generalist, meaning that he always concurrently concentrated on the interactions and interdependence of the factors involved, as they are: (i) the disease agents (biology, habitat, hosts, transmission to man, infectiousness, etc.); (ii) disease in man and animals (diagnosis, therapies, pathology, epidemiology); (iii) public health; and (iv) education. His 1930s Public Health curriculum at the University of California played a large role in the creation of the UC Berkeley School of Public Health.

text: Starting in 1915, he worked at the George Williams Hooper Foundation Institute for Medical Research, University of California, devoted to medical research (whose first director was

text: George H. Whipple

text: , the Nobelist). At first, Meyer was acting director, and soon succeeded Whipple as director of the Hooper.Meyer’s personality, his enormous knowledge combined with his energy and extraordinary drive were just what was needed to tackle the many pioneering tasks. He contributed significantly to the understanding, treatment, and prevention of many infectious (and other) diseases. His contributions and achievements were founded on his holistic, ecological approach. He was a generalist, meaning that he always concurrently concentrated on the interactions and interdependence of the factors involved, as they are: (i) the disease agents (biology, habitat, hosts, transmission to man, infectiousness, etc.); (ii) disease in man and animals (diagnosis, therapies, pathology, epidemiology); (iii) public health; and (iv) education. His 1930s Public Health curriculum at the

text: University of California

text: played a large role in the creation of the

text: UC Berkeley School of Public Health

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: (i) the disease agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: biology

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: hosts

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectiousness

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Hosts

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: disease agents

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: many infectious (and other) diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: He contributed significantly to the understanding, treatment, and prevention of many infectious (and other) diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: transmission to man

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: (i) the disease agents

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: (i) the disease agents

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: He contributed significantly to the understanding, treatment, and prevention

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: many infectious (and other) diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: He contributed significantly to the understanding, treatment, and prevention of many infectious

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: disease agents

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: hosts

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: disease agents

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectiousness

text: VectorBase is one of the five Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. VectorBase is  focused on invertebrate vectors of human pathogens working with the sequencing centers and the research community to curate vector genomes (mainly genome annotation).

text: VectorBase is one of the five

text: Bioinformatics Resource Centers

text: (BRC) funded by the

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: (NIAID), a component of the

text: National Institutes of Health

text: (NIH), which is an agency of the

text: United States Department of Health and Human Services

text: . VectorBase is  focused on invertebrate vectors of

text: human pathogen

text: s working with the sequencing centers and the research community to curate vector genomes (mainly

text: genome annotation

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Allergy

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Allergy

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Allergy

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: invertebrate

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: human pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: invertebrate vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: VectorBase

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: invertebrate vectors

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Bioinformatics Resource Centers

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: NIAID

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: invertebrate vectors

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: He is also the author of a medical app for Android and iPhone called Infectious Disease Compendium: A Guide to Infectious Diseases.

text: He is also the author of a medical app for

text: Android

text: and

text: iPhone

text: called Infectious Disease Compendium: A Guide to Infectious Diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Infectious Disease Compendium

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: A Guide to Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: medical app

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Prevalent in the northern areas of the Jarrah Forest, dieback disease, caused by the introduced soil-borne pathogen Phythopthora cinnamomi, is a serious threat to many plant species. The disease involves the formation of lesions  (decaying tissue) starting in the roots and moving up the stem of a plant, and, in the case of many species, killing them. It negatively affects more than 22% of the plant species in the forest. P. cinnamomi has been found in suberized and partially suberized roots that are perennial and it is these roots that form the specialised feeder root system of the jarrah. The spread of dieback is exacerbated by altered drainage caused by mining and timber harvesting. The soil population of P. cinnamomi is generally highest during spring, the time of year when soil temperature and moisture levels are high. An increase in summer rainfall is likely to increase the harm that this pathogen causes in the northern and southern jarrah forests, with high mortality rates of jarrah expected.

text: Prevalent in the northern areas of the Jarrah Forest, dieback disease, caused by the introduced soil-borne pathogen

text: Phythopthora cinnamomi

text: , is a serious threat to many plant species. The disease involves the formation of lesions  (decaying tissue) starting in the roots and moving up the stem of a plant, and, in the case of many species, killing them. It negatively affects more than 22% of the plant species in the forest.

text: P. cinnamomi

text: has been found in suberized and partially suberized roots that are perennial and it is these roots that form the specialised feeder root system of the jarrah. The spread of dieback is exacerbated by altered drainage caused by mining and timber harvesting. The soil population of

text: P. cinnamomi

text: is generally highest during spring, the time of year when soil temperature and moisture levels are high. An increase in summer rainfall is likely to increase the harm that this pathogen causes in the northern and southern jarrah forests, with high mortality rates of jarrah expected.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: introduced soil-borne pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: unanswerable

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Phythopthora

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: dieback disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: dieback disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Phythopthora

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: altered drainage

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: dieback disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: jarrah

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Phythopthora

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: P. cinnamomi

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: P. cinnamomi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Phythopthora cinnamomi

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: P. cinnamomi

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Phythopthora

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: soil-borne pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Phythopthora cinnamomi

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Phythopthora

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: P. cinnamomi

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: dieback disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: The fungus is an Ascomycete and can use conidia or ascospores to infect. There are three races of B. maydis: Race O, Race C, and Race T; SCLB symptoms vary depending on the infectious pathogen's race.  Race T is infectious to corn plants with the Texas male sterile cytoplasm (cms-T cytoplasm maize) and this vulnerability was the cause of the United States SCLB epidemic of 1969-1970  For this reason, Race T is of particular interest.  While SCLB thrives in warm, damp climates, the disease can be found in many of the world's maize-growing areas.  Typical management practices include breeding for host resistance, cultural controls and fungicide use.

text: The fungus is an

text: Ascomycete

text: and can use conidia or ascospores to infect. There are three races of B. maydis: Race O, Race C, and Race T; SCLB symptoms vary depending on the infectious pathogen's race.  Race T is infectious to corn plants with the Texas male sterile cytoplasm (cms-T cytoplasm maize) and this vulnerability was the cause of the United States SCLB epidemic of 1969-1970  For this reason, Race T is of particular interest.  While SCLB thrives in warm, damp climates, the disease can be found in many of the world's maize-growing areas.  Typical management practices include breeding for host resistance, cultural controls and

text: fungicide

text: use.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: SCLB

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: The fungus

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Ascomycete

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: SCLB

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: SCLB

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: SCLB

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Ascomycete

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fungus

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: SCLB

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Race T

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Race T

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: The fungus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: B. maydis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Race T

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: B. maydis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The fungus is an Ascomycete

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: B. maydis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: B. maydis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: The fungus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: B. maydis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: B. maydis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: B. maydis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: ascospores

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: SCLB

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: fungicide

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: fungicide

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Ascomycete

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: ascospores

text: Testing for a disease can be expensive, and distinguishing between two diseases can be prohibitively difficult in many countries. One standard means of determining if a person has had a particular disease is to test for the presence of antibodies that are particular to this disease. In the case of H5N1, for example, there is a low pathogenic H5N1 strain in wild birds in North America that a human could conceivably have antibodies against. It would be extremely difficult to distinguish between antibodies produced by this strain, and antibodies produced by Asian lineage HPAI A(H5N1). Similar difficulties are common, and make it difficult to determine how widely a disease may have spread.

text: Testing for a disease can be expensive, and distinguishing between two diseases can be prohibitively difficult in many countries. One standard means of determining if a person has had a particular disease is to test for the presence of

text: antibodies

text: that are particular to this disease. In the case of H5N1, for example, there is a low pathogenic H5N1 strain in wild birds in North America that a human could conceivably have antibodies against. It would be extremely difficult to distinguish between antibodies produced by this strain, and antibodies produced by

text: Asian lineage HPAI A(H5N1)

text: . Similar difficulties are common, and make it difficult to determine how widely a disease may have spread.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: HPAI A(H5N1)

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: low pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: HPAI A(H5N1)

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: H5N1 strain

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: H5N1

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: HPAI A(H5N1)

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Asian lineage

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: wild birds

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: H5N1

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: H5N1

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: H5N1

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: HPAI A(H5N1)

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: H5N1 strain in wild birds

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: HPAI A(H5N1)

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: H5N1

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: H5N1

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It would be extremely difficult to distinguish

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: It would be extremely difficult to distinguish between antibodies produced by this strain, and antibodies produced by Asian lineage

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: H5N1 strain

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: H5N1 strain in wild birds

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: One standard means of determining if a person has had a particular disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: HPAI A(H5N1)

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: HPAI A

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibodies

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Asian lineage

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogenic

text: The association collaborates with the Canadian Foundation for Infectious Diseases in raising money to support infectious diseases research in support of its mission.

text: The association collaborates with the Canadian Foundation for Infectious Diseases in raising money to support infectious diseases research in support of its mission.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Because the bacteria readily enter the plant through wounds, management practices that decrease injury to the plants are important to control the spread of the disease. Cultivation is not recommended, as the machinery can become contaminated and physically spread the bacteria around the soil. Accidental leaf tearing or root scarring can also occur depending on the size of the crop, allowing the bacteria to enter more individual plants. If hilling the beets, great care must be taken to avoid getting soil into the crown, because the pathogen is soil-borne and this could expose the plant to more bacteria, thus increasing the risk of infection.

text: Because the bacteria readily enter the plant through wounds, management practices that decrease injury to the plants are important to control the spread of the disease. Cultivation is not recommended, as the machinery can become contaminated and physically spread the bacteria around the soil. Accidental leaf tearing or root scarring can also occur depending on the size of the crop, allowing the bacteria to enter more individual plants. If

text: hilling

text: the beets, great care must be taken to avoid getting soil into the crown, because the pathogen is soil-borne and this could expose the plant to more bacteria, thus increasing the risk of infection.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: beet

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Cultivation

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: rabies

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Cultivation is not recommended

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Cultivation

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Cultivation

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cultivation is not recommended

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Cultivation

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Cultivation

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Cultivation is not recommended

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Cultivation

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Cultivation is not recommended

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: soil-borne

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: The diffusion of infectious disease tends to occur in a ‘wave’ fashion, spreading from a central source.  Pyle mentions barriers that pose a resistance towards a wave of diffusion, which include but are not limited to:  physiographic features (i.e. mountains, water bodies), political boundaries, linguistic barriers, and with diseases, a barrier could be differing control programs.  The diffusion of disease can be identified as a normal distribution over time and translated into an S-shaped curve to show the phases of disease diffusion.  The phases are: Infusion (25th percentile), Inflection (50th percentile), Saturation (75th percentile), and Waning to the upper limits.

text: The diffusion of

text: infectious disease

text: tends to occur in a ‘wave’ fashion, spreading from a central source.  Pyle mentions barriers that pose a resistance towards a wave of diffusion, which include but are not limited to:  physiographic features (i.e. mountains, water bodies), political boundaries,

text: linguistic barriers

text: , and with diseases, a barrier could be differing control programs.  The diffusion of disease can be identified as a

text: normal distribution

text: over time and translated into an S-shaped curve to show the phases of disease diffusion.  The phases are: Infusion (25th percentile), Inflection (50th percentile), Saturation (75th percentile), and Waning to the upper limits.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: mountain

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Inflection

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The diffusion of disease tends to occur in a ‘wave’ fashion, spreading from a central source

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infusion (25th percentile)

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Inflection (50th percentile)

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infusion (25th percentile)

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: control programs

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: Some countries, such as South Africa, or Thailand have very different infectious disease-related epidemiology to Europe and North America. Exposure to diseases without having built up natural immunity can be a hazard for weakened individuals, specifically with respect to gastrointestinal diseases (e.g. Hepatitis A, amoebic dysentery, paratyphoid) which could weaken progress and expose the patient to mosquito-transmitted diseases, influenza, and tuberculosis. However, because in poor tropical nations diseases run the gamut, doctors seem to be more open to the possibility of considering any infectious disease, including HIV, TB, and typhoid, while there are cases in the West where patients were consistently misdiagnosed for years because such diseases are perceived to be "rare" in the West.

text: Some countries, such as South Africa, or Thailand have very different infectious disease-related epidemiology to Europe and North America. Exposure to diseases without having built up natural immunity can be a hazard for weakened individuals, specifically with respect to gastrointestinal diseases (e.g.

text: Hepatitis A

text: amoebic dysentery

text: paratyphoid

text: ) which could weaken progress and expose the patient to

text: mosquito-transmitted diseases

text: influenza

text: , and

text: tuberculosis

text: . However, because in poor tropical nations diseases run the gamut, doctors seem to be more open to the possibility of considering any infectious disease, including

text: HIV

text: , TB, and

text: typhoid

text: , while there are cases in the West where patients were consistently misdiagnosed for years because such diseases are perceived to be "rare" in the West.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: South Africa

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: HIV, TB, and typhoid

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: mosquito-transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: mosquito-transmitted diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: gastrointestinal diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: tuberculosis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Exposure to diseases without having built up natural immunity

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: amoebic dysentery

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Exposure to diseases without having built up natural immunity

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: typhoid

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: amoebic dysentery

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: TB

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immunity

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HIV

text: This pathogen is important because it affects homeowners lawns and also golf courses. It also affects parks and recreational areas. It is important because it can impede people and their ability to enjoy their landscapes. The dead patches are also unsightly, so it is important to control the disease, and keep it from spreading.

text: This pathogen is important because it affects homeowners lawns and also golf courses. It also affects parks and recreational areas. It is important because it can impede people and their ability to enjoy their landscapes. The dead patches are also unsightly, so it is important to control the disease, and keep it from spreading.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: lawns

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: golf courses

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: golf courses

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Keep it from spreading

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It can impede people and their ability to enjoy their landscapes

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Tropical diseases are diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions. The diseases are less prevalent in temperate climates, due in part to the occurrence of a cold season, which controls the insect population by forcing hibernation. However, many were present in northern Europe and northern America in the 17th and 18th centuries before modern understanding of disease causation. The initial impetus for tropical medicine was to protect the health of colonialists, notably in India under the British Raj. Insects such as mosquitoes and flies are by far the most common disease carrier, or vector. These insects may carry a parasite, bacterium or virus that is infectious to humans and animals. Most often disease is transmitted by an insect "bite", which causes transmission of the infectious agent through subcutaneous blood exchange. Vaccines are not available for most of the diseases listed here, and many do not have cures.

text: Tropical diseases are

text: disease

text: s that are prevalent in or unique to

text: tropical

text: and

text: subtropical

text: regions. The diseases are less prevalent in

text: temperate climate

text: s, due in part to the occurrence of a cold

text: season

text: , which controls the insect population by forcing hibernation. However, many were present in northern Europe and northern America in the 17th and 18th centuries before modern understanding of disease causation. The initial impetus for tropical medicine was to protect the health of colonialists, notably in India under the

text: British Raj

text: . Insects such as mosquitoes and flies are by far the most common disease carrier, or

text: vector

text: . These insects may carry a parasite, bacterium or virus that is infectious to humans and animals. Most often disease is transmitted by an insect "bite", which causes transmission of the infectious agent through subcutaneous blood exchange. Vaccines are not available for most of the diseases listed here, and many do not have cures.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: tropical diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacterium or virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Tropical diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacterium

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: many do not have cures

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Virus

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Virus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: most common disease carrier, or vector

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: mosquitoes and flies

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Most often disease is transmitted by an insect "bite"

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: many do not have cures

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: bacterium

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: parasite

text: The disease is named for the genus of the causative organism, which was named after the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeş. In 1888, Victor Babeş identified the microorganisms in red blood cells as the cause of febrile hemoglobinuria in cattle. In 1893, Theobald Smith and Frederick Kilborne discovered that a tick was the vector for transmission in Texas cattle. The agent was B. bigemina. This was the first demonstration that an arthropod could act as a disease vector to transmit an infectious agent to a vertebrate host.

text: The disease is named for the genus of the causative organism, which was named after the

text: Romanian

text: bacteriologist

text: Victor Babeş

text: . In 1888, Victor Babeş identified the microorganisms in red blood cells as the cause of febrile

text: hemoglobinuria

text: in cattle. In 1893,

text: Theobald Smith

text: and Frederick Kilborne discovered that a tick was the vector for transmission in Texas cattle. The agent was B. bigemina. This was the first demonstration that an

text: arthropod

text: could act as a

text: disease vector

text: to transmit an infectious agent to a vertebrate host.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: the causative organism

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: hemoglobinuria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: tick

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: tick-borne

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: microorganisms

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: tick

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: a tick

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: bacteriologist

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: hemoglobinuria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: a tick

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This was the first demonstration that an arthropod could act as a disease vector to transmit an infectious agent to a vertebrate host

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: tick

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This was the first demonstration that an arthropod could act as a disease vector to transmit an infectious agent to a vertebrate host

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: B. bigemina

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: tick

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: arthropod

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious agent

text: Infectious diseases are often public health concerns because they can spread quickly and easily, affecting large numbers of members. The World Health Organization has an acute interest in combatting infectious disease outbreaks by minimizing their geographic and numerical spread and treating the affected. Other conditions for which there is not yet a cure or even effective treatment, such as dementia, can be viewed as public health concerns in the long run.

text: Infectious disease

text: s are often public health concerns because they can spread quickly and easily, affecting large numbers of members. The

text: World Health Organization

text: has an acute interest in combatting infectious disease outbreaks by minimizing their geographic and numerical spread and treating the affected. Other conditions for which there is not yet a cure or even effective treatment, such as

text: dementia

text: , can be viewed as public health concerns in the long run.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viral

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: dementia

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: quickly and easily

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: a cure

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: effective treatment

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious disease

text: A clear relationship between nature and people is expressed through human disease. Infectious disease can thus be seen as another example of human-mediated disturbance as humans are hosts for infectious diseases. Historically, evidence of epidemic diseases is associated with the beginnings of agriculture and sedentary communities. Previously, human populations were too small and mobile for most infections to become established as chronic diseases. Permanent settlements, due to agriculture, allowed for more inter-community interaction, enabling infections to develop as specifically human pathogens.

text: A clear relationship between nature and people is expressed through human disease. Infectious disease can thus be seen as another example of human-mediated disturbance as humans are

text: hosts

text: for infectious diseases. Historically, evidence of epidemic diseases is associated with the beginnings of agriculture and sedentary communities. Previously, human populations were too small and mobile for most infections to become established as

text: chronic diseases

text: . Permanent settlements, due to agriculture, allowed for more inter-community interaction, enabling infections to develop as specifically human pathogens.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: chronic diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: humans are hosts for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Infectious disease can thus be seen as another example of human-mediated disturbance

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: humans are hosts for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Humans are hosts for infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: The infectious disease epidemiology cluster encompasses domestic and global work on the epidemiology of emerging and re-emerging infections, global infectious disease threats, disease surveillance, disease detection, development of vaccines and other prevention methods, clinical trials, and the role of infectious pathogens in the pathogenesis of chronic non-communicable diseases (such as cancer and cardiovascular disease).

text: The infectious disease epidemiology cluster encompasses domestic and global work on the epidemiology of emerging and re-emerging infections, global infectious disease threats, disease surveillance, disease detection, development of

text: vaccines

text: and other prevention methods,

text: clinical trials

text: , and the role of infectious pathogens in the pathogenesis of chronic non-communicable diseases (such as cancer and cardiovascular disease).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: cancer and cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: cancer and cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: cancer and cardiovascular disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: cancer

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The infectious disease epidemiology cluster

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: infectious pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The infectious disease epidemiology cluster

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Hand hygiene is central to preventing spread of infectious diseases in home and everyday life settings.

text: Hand hygiene is central to preventing spread of infectious diseases in home and everyday life settings.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: hand hygiene

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Hand hygiene

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Hand hygiene

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Strap throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Hand hygiene

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: In contrast to both the chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis and the climate-linked-epidemic hypothesis, the spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis suggests that population decline due to B. dendrobatidis was caused by the introduction and spread of B. dendrobatidis from a finite amount of introduction sites in a way unaffected by climate change. Mantel tests of all the possible origins of B. dendrobatidis were used to see if their hypothesis was correct. They did see positive correlations between spatial distance and distance in timing of declass and the lat year observed. "Coincident mass extirpation of neotropical amphibians with the emergence of the infectious fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis" by Tina L. Cheng et al., also parallels with the spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis by tracking the origins of B. dendrobatidis and tracking it from Mexico to Costa Rica. Furthermore, this study also shows that local amphibian species could have extreme susceptibility to B. dendrobatidis which could result in population decline.

text: In contrast to both the chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis and the climate-linked-epidemic hypothesis, the spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis suggests that population decline due to B. dendrobatidis was caused by the introduction and spread of B. dendrobatidis from a finite amount of introduction sites in a way unaffected by climate change. Mantel tests of all the possible origins of B. dendrobatidis were used to see if their hypothesis was correct. They did see positive correlations between spatial distance and distance in timing of declass and the lat year observed. "Coincident mass extirpation of neotropical amphibians with the emergence of the infectious fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis" by Tina L. Cheng et al., also parallels with the spatiotemporal-spread hypothesis by tracking the origins of B. dendrobatidis and tracking it from Mexico to Costa Rica. Furthermore, this study also shows that local amphibian species could have extreme susceptibility to B. dendrobatidis which could result in population decline.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious fungal pathogen

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious fungal pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious fungal pathogen

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious fungal pathogens

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious fungal

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infectious fungal pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Chytrid-thermal-optimum

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Batrachochytrium

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: B. dendrobatidis

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antimicrobial

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious fungal

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious fungal pathogen

text: The pathogenic tendency of Sporisorium reilianum as illustrated above is to carry out its life cycle in congruence with the growth of either maize or sorghum as the host plant. For example, In place of ears of corn; plant-like sorus develop. The onset of this smut is sporadic and slowly progressive however disease severity is high. For example,  a field of corn can have 10% infected with yield loss that has an 80% apparent infection rate. Post infection treatment to eliminate or reduce the disease are marginally effective or ineffective. The massive crop loss that this pathogen can create is devastating to producers who are unaware of the teliospores overwintering in the soil; which, can survive for many years. Treatment of seeds with a fungicide during planting or prior to harvest is important to limit the spread of spores especially if high risk field areas known by the producer. It is important to limit transmission of spores to disease free areas via harvesting equipment or planting tools. The incidence of  Sporisorium reilianum occurs in occurs in Africa, Europe, U.S., and China. Fungicide use in the market today indicates that there are about 52 million acres of cereals lost worldwide a year.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: teliospores

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Sporisorium

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Sporisorium

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Fungicide

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: teliospores

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Sporisorium

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: host plant

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Sporisorium

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Fungicide

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: smut

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: teliospores

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: teliospores

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Sporisorium

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: It is important to limit transmission of spores to disease free areas

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Sporisorium reilianum

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: smut

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Fungicide

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Fungicide

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Fungicide

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogenic

text: Since insects play a large role in spreading infectious blood borne diseases between humans, understanding how they locate their human hosts with their olfactory systems could lead to inhibiting their method of locating hosts. The potential strategy involved would be to create small molecules that mimic the Or83b mutation and inhibit the receptor and disperse them, since it would be impractical to mutate the gene for the receptor in an entire population of disease-spreading insects [3].

text: Since insects play a large role in spreading infectious blood borne diseases between humans, understanding how they locate their human hosts with their olfactory systems could lead to inhibiting their method of locating hosts. The potential strategy involved would be to create small molecules that mimic the Or83b mutation and inhibit the receptor and disperse them, since it would be impractical to mutate the gene for the receptor in an entire population of disease-spreading insects [3].

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: blood borne

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: blood borne

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: humans

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: To create small molecules that mimic the Or83b mutation

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: blood borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Or83b

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: small molecules

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Insects

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Or83b

text: Childcare infection is the spread of infection during childcare, typically because of contact among children in daycare or school. This happens when groups of children meet in a childcare environment, and there any individual with an infectious disease may spread it to the entire group. Commonly spread diseases include influenza-like illness and enteric illnesses, such as diarrhea among babies using diapers. Illnesses and diseases may also include ring-worm, head lice, and hand, feet, mouth disease. It is uncertain how these diseases spread, but hand washing reduces some risk of transmission and increasing hygiene in other ways also reduces risk of infection.<ref>

text: Childcare infection is the spread of

text: infection

text: during

text: childcare

text: , typically because of contact among children in

text: daycare

text: or

text: school

text: . This happens when groups of children meet in a childcare environment, and there any individual with an infectious disease may spread it to the entire group. Commonly spread diseases include

text: influenza-like illness

text: and enteric illnesses, such as diarrhea among babies using diapers. Illnesses and diseases may also include ring-worm, head lice, and hand, feet, mouth disease. It is uncertain how these diseases spread, but

text: hand washing

text: reduces some risk of transmission and increasing hygiene in other ways also reduces risk of infection.<ref>

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Commonly spread diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: ring-worm

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: influenza-like illness and enteric illnesses

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: ring-worm

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: lice

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: ring-worm

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: ring-worm

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: hand washing reduces some risk of transmission and increasing hygiene in other ways also reduces risk of infection

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: influenza-like illness

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: ring-worm

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It is uncertain how these diseases spread, but hand washing reduces some risk

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact among children in daycare or school

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: It is uncertain how these diseases spread

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: It is uncertain how these diseases spread

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Commonly spread diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Hand washing reduces some risk

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Childcare infection

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Childcare infection

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmission

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: hand washing

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: enteric

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infection

text: Macrophage polarization is a process when macrophage expresses different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals. There are lots of functional states of macrophage polarization and they can be fully polarized and acquire specific phenotype like M1 (classically activated macrophages)  or M2 (alternatively activated macrophages). These specific phenotypes depend on the tissue and specific microenvironment where macrophages are. On one hand macrophage polarization is very important for host defense against pathogen, but on the other hand it is essential for maintenance of homeostasis. Prolonged M1 type of macrophages is harmful for the organism and that is why tissue repair and restoration is necessary. M2 macrophages are responsible for that tissue repair, although they are also connected with chronic infectious diseases.

text: Macrophage polarization is a process when

text: macrophage

text: expresses different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals. There are lots of functional states of macrophage polarization and they can be fully polarized and acquire specific phenotype like M1 (classically activated macrophages)  or M2 (alternatively activated macrophages). These specific phenotypes depend on the tissue and specific microenvironment where macrophages are. On one hand macrophage polarization is very important for host defense against

text: pathogen

text: , but on the other hand it is essential for maintenance of

text: homeostasis

text: . Prolonged M1 type of macrophages is harmful for the organism and that is why tissue repair and restoration is necessary. M2 macrophages are responsible for that tissue repair, although they are also connected with chronic

text: infectious diseases

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: chronic infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: M1

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: M2

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: M1

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: chronic infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: M2 macrophages

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: M2 macrophages

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: M1

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: M2 macrophages

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: M2 macrophages

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is essential for maintenance of homeostasis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: M1

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: M2 macrophages

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: M2

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: It has previously been known as the Joint Hospital, County Hospital, and Inverurie Infectious Diseases Hospital. It was founded in 1897. The Infectious diseases hospital opened in December 1940 as an 80-bedded fever hospital, admitting patients with infectious diseases from across Aberdeenshire.

text: It has previously been known as the Joint Hospital, County Hospital, and Inverurie Infectious Diseases Hospital. It was founded in 1897. The Infectious diseases hospital opened in December 1940 as an 80-bedded fever hospital, admitting patients with

text: infectious diseases

text: from across Aberdeenshire.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: patients

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: fever

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Fever

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: fever

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Inverurie

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Inverurie

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Inverurie

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It was founded in 1897

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Inverurie

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Inverurie

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Inverurie Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Inverurie

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: It is now also known that animal intestines contain a large population of gut flora. In humans, these include species such as Bacteroides, L. acidophilus and E. coli, among many others. They are essential to digestion, and are also affected by the food we eat.  Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12, and defending against some infectious diseases.

text: It is now also known that animal

text: intestine

text: s contain a large population of

text: gut flora

text: . In humans, these include species such as

text: Bacteroides

text: L. acidophilus

text: and

text: E. coli

text: , among many others. They are essential to

text: digestion

text: , and are also affected by the food we eat.  Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing

text: vitamin B12

text: , and defending against some infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 2

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: some infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: E. coli

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: gut flora

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: some infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: defending against some infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Bacteria in the gut

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: animal intestines

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Bacteroides

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: It is now also known that animal intestines contain a large population of gut flora

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: some infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Bacteria in the gut

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vitamin B12

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: Syrian hamsters are used to model the human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2006-07, Syrian hamsters accounted for 19% of the total animal research participants in the United States.

text: Syrian hamsters

text: are used to model the human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2006-07, Syrian hamsters accounted for 19% of the total animal research participants in the United States.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: hamster

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: cancers

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: hamsters

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: non-cancer respiratory diseases

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: the human medical conditions

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: In 2006-07

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: cancers

text: Their medical and marketing teams collaborate with international organizations such as World society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (WSPID), European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID), EAPS, Asian society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (ASPID), Excellence In Pediatrics (EiP), etc. for participation in international conference.

text: Their medical and marketing teams collaborate with international organizations such as

text: World society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases

text: (WSPID),

entity_name: European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases

text: European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases

text: (ESPID), EAPS,

text: Asian society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

text: (ASPID),

text: Excellence In Pediatrics

text: (EiP), etc. for participation in international conference.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: World society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The medical and marketing teams collaborate with international organizations

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: World society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: International Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID)

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: ASPID

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: World society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Infectious

text: Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by consumption of plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.

text: Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of

text: disease

text: s in

text: plant

text: s caused by

text: pathogen

text: s (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include

text: fungi

text: oomycetes

text: bacteria

text: viruses

text: viroid

text: s,

text: virus

text: -like organisms,

text: phytoplasmas

text: protozoa

text: nematode

text: s and

text: parasitic plant

text: s. Not included are ectoparasites like

text: insects

text: mites

text: vertebrate

text: , or other

text: pests that affect plant health

text: by consumption of plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact,

text: plant disease epidemiology

text: plant disease resistance

text: , how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: viruses, viroids

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: ectoparasites

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: insects

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: vertebrate

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Viruses

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: ectoparasites

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: viruses

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Plant pathology

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: ectoparasites

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Organisms that cause infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Plant pathology

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Plant pathology

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Organisms that cause infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Plant pathology

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Plant pathology

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: nematodes

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: parasitic plants

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogens

text: The spread of an infectious disease is a population-level phenomenon, but decisions to prevent or treat a disease are typically made by individuals who may change their behavior over the course of an epidemic, especially if their perception of risk changes depending on the available information on the epidemics  – their decisions will then have population-level consequences. For example, an individual may choose to have unsafe sex or a doctor may prescribe antibiotics to someone without a confirmed bacterial infection. In both cases, the choice may be rational from the individual’s point of view but undesirable from a societal perspective.

text: The spread of an

text: infectious disease

text: is a population-level phenomenon, but decisions to prevent or treat a disease are typically made by individuals who may change their behavior over the course of an epidemic, especially if their

text: perception of risk

text: changes depending on the available information on the epidemics  – their decisions will then have population-level consequences. For example, an individual may choose to have

text: unsafe sex

text: or a doctor may prescribe antibiotics to someone without a confirmed

text: bacterial infection

text: . In both cases, the choice may be rational from the individual’s point of view but undesirable from a societal perspective.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: bacterial infection

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: bacterial infection

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacterial infection

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: unsafe sex

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: bacterial infection

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: bacterial infection

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: confirmed bacterial infection

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: avoid contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The spread of an infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: bacterial infection

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: bacterial

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: bacterial

text: Major infectious diseases

text: Major infectious diseases

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 1

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 1

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Major infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: Major infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Major infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Major infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Major infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Major infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: can be spread by pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Escherichia coli

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: tetanus and measles

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Coughing and sneezing

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: are spread by vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea is generally caused by protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: are contagious

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Viruses

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: are caused by bacteria.

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: major infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: At the same time that concerns about allergies and other chronic inflammatory diseases have been increasing, so also have concerns about infectious disease. Infectious diseases continue to exert a heavy health toll. Preventing pandemics and reducing antibiotic resistance are global priorities. Hygiene is a cornerstone of containing these threats.

text: At the same time that concerns about allergies and other chronic inflammatory diseases have been increasing, so also have concerns about infectious disease. Infectious diseases continue to exert a heavy health toll. Preventing

text: pandemics

text: and reducing

text: antibiotic resistance

text: are global priorities. Hygiene is a cornerstone of containing these threats.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: pandemics

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: antibiotic resistance

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pandemics

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: antibiotic resistance

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: antibiotic resistance

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Hygiene

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pandemics

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: antibiotic resistance

text: Not much is known about the disease cycle of ash yellows. It is unknown how exactly the phytoplasma enters the tree and how it spreads but insect vectors are suspected. This is due to the fact that phytoplasmas are often spread in the salivary secretions of insects during feeding. One likely candidate for spreading these phytoplasmas, also known as mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs), is leafhoppers because data shows they are the most common insect vector for MLOs. Once inside the host, the phytoplasma attacks the tree's vascular system, specifically targeting the phloem sieve tubes. Additionally, the severity of the disease symptoms caused by the phytoplasma varies. In one study that was conducted, 12 different strains of phytoplasmas belonging to the ash yellows group were tested and it was found that these strains varied significantly in aggressiveness and the impact they had on growth of the host.

text: Not much is known about the disease cycle of ash yellows. It is unknown how exactly the phytoplasma enters the tree and how it spreads but insect vectors are suspected. This is due to the fact that phytoplasmas are often spread in the salivary secretions of insects during feeding. One likely candidate for spreading these phytoplasmas, also known as mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs), is

text: leafhopper

text: s because data shows they are the most common insect vector for MLOs. Once inside the host, the phytoplasma attacks the tree's vascular system, specifically targeting the

text: phloem

text: sieve tubes. Additionally, the severity of the disease symptoms caused by the phytoplasma varies. In one study that was conducted, 12 different strains of phytoplasmas belonging to the ash yellows group were tested and it was found that these strains varied significantly in aggressiveness and the impact they had on growth of the host.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: ash yellows

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: salivary secretions

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: mycoplasma

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: phytoplasmas

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: leafhoppers

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: ash yellows

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: mycoplasma

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: leafhoppers

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: leafhoppers

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: ash yellows

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: ash yellows

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: mycoplasmalike organisms

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: mycoplasmalike organisms

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: tetanus and measles

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: mycoplasmalike organisms

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: The salivary secretions of insects during feeding

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: leafhoppers

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: leafhoppers

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: The phytoplasma attacks the tree's vascular system

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: salivary secretions

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The salivary secretions of insects during feeding

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: leafhoppers are the most common insect vector for MLOs

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: phytoplasma

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: MLOs

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: mycoplasma

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: MLOs

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: phytoplasma

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: phytoplasma

text: The institute's primary function is to conduct researches to prevent and to control occurring tropical and other infectious diseases in the country. This includes researches involving the advancement of vaccines and medications used by medical professionals, such as physicians, nurses and medical technologists, that they utilize whenever patients they handle are under the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and treatable and curable diseases. The institute also trains medical and health workers in order to be further educated in their fields in relation to the management of tropical infectious diseases. Formulation of plans and research projects involving biological products proposed and currently utilized by the Philippine Department of Health are also covered by the functions of the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, including the manufacture of biologic products and vaccines.

text: The institute's primary function is to conduct researches to prevent and to control occurring tropical and other infectious diseases in the country. This includes researches involving the advancement of vaccines and medications used by medical professionals, such as physicians, nurses and medical technologists, that they utilize whenever patients they handle are under the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and treatable and curable diseases. The institute also trains medical and health workers in order to be further educated in their fields in relation to the management of tropical infectious diseases. Formulation of plans and research projects involving biological products proposed and currently utilized by the Philippine

text: Department of Health

text: are also covered by the functions of the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, including the manufacture of biologic products and vaccines.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: curable diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: tropical

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: the Philippine Department of Health

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: other infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: other infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This includes researches involving the advancement of vaccines and medications

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This includes researches involving the advancement of vaccines and medications

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: The institute also trains medical and health workers

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: biologic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccines

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: biological

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: biological

text: Diseases transmitted from human to human indirectly, i.e. malaria spread by way of mosquitoes, are transmitted through a vector.  In these cases, the infection transfers from human to insect and an epidemic model must include both species, generally requiring many more compartments than a model for direct transmission.  For more information on this type of model see the reference Population Dynamics of Infectious Diseases:  Theory and Applications, by R. M. Anderson (Brauer & Castillo-Chavez, 2001).

text: Diseases transmitted from human to human indirectly, i.e. malaria spread by way of mosquitoes, are transmitted through a vector.  In these cases, the infection transfers from human to insect and an epidemic model must include both species, generally requiring many more compartments than a model for direct transmission.  For more information on this type of model see the reference Population Dynamics of Infectious Diseases:  Theory and Applications, by R. M. Anderson (Brauer & Castillo-Chavez, 2001).

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: indirectly

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: malaria

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infection transfers from human to insect

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections include tetanus and measles

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infection transfers from human to insect

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: an epidemic model must include both species

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: direct transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: malaria spread by way of mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Population Dynamics of Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotics

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: mosquitoes

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: vector

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: vector

text: One of the essential global health priorities is the timely recognition and reporting of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Early recognition can enable coordinated and rapid responses to an outbreak, preventing catastrophic morbidity and mortality. Additionally, early detection can alleviate grave economic hardship brought upon by pandemics and emerging diseases. Burgeoning globalization of commerce, finance, manufacturing, and services has fostered ever-increasing movement of people, animals, plants, food, and feed. Other contributing factors to the risk of new pathogens emerging and known pathogens re-emerging include climate change, urbanization, land use changes, and political instability. Outbreaks that begin in the most remote parts of the world now spread swiftly to urban centers in countries far away. The epidemiological data in ProMED posts has been used to estimate mortality rates and demographic parameters for specific diseases.

text: One of the essential global health priorities is the timely recognition and reporting of emerging and re-emerging

text: infectious diseases

text: . Early recognition can enable coordinated and rapid responses to an outbreak, preventing catastrophic morbidity and mortality. Additionally, early detection can alleviate grave economic hardship brought upon by pandemics and emerging diseases. Burgeoning globalization of commerce, finance, manufacturing, and services has fostered ever-increasing movement of people, animals, plants, food, and feed. Other contributing factors to the risk of new pathogens emerging and known pathogens re-emerging include climate change, urbanization, land use changes, and political instability. Outbreaks that begin in the most remote parts of the world now spread swiftly to urban centers in countries far away. The epidemiological data in ProMED posts has been used to estimate mortality rates and demographic parameters for specific diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: Outbreaks that begin in the most remote parts of the world now spread swiftly

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 5

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: new

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: animals

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: pandemics

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: pandemics

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: One of the essential global health priorities is the timely recognition

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Burgeoning globalization

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Outbreaks that begin in the most remote parts of the world

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Burgeoning globalization of commerce, finance, manufacturing, and services

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: A summary of reports to the World Organisation for Animal Health in 2005 and 2010 suggest that surveillance and under-reporting in developed and developing countries is still a challenge. Often, donor support can focus on HPAI control alone, while similar diseases such as Newcastle disease, acute fowl cholera, infectious laryngotracheitis, and infectious bursal disease still affect poultry populations. When HPAI tests come back negative, a lack of funded testing for differential diagnoses can leave farmers wondering what killed their birds.

text: A summary of reports to the

text: World Organisation for Animal Health

text: in 2005 and 2010 suggest that surveillance and under-reporting in developed and developing countries is still a challenge. Often, donor support can focus on HPAI control alone, while similar diseases such as

text: Newcastle disease

text: , acute

text: fowl cholera

text: , infectious laryngotracheitis, and

text: infectious bursal disease

text: still affect poultry populations. When HPAI tests come back negative, a lack of funded testing for

text: differential diagnoses

text: can leave farmers wondering what killed their birds.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Newcastle disease

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious bursal disease

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: Animal

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Newcastle disease

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Newcastle disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: cholera

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: HPAI

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Animal

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: HPAI

text: Once the pathogen enters the host, it makes its way to the vascular system, and specifically the xylem.  The fungi can spread as hyphae through the plant, but can also spread as spores.  Verticillium produce conidia on conidiophores and once conidia are released in the xylem, they can quickly colonize the plant.  Conidia have been observed traveling to the top of cotton plants, 115 cm, 24 hours after initial conidia inoculation, so the spread throughout the plant can occur very quickly.  Sometimes the flow of conidia will be stopped by cross sections of the xylem, and here the conidia will spawn, and the fungal hyphae can overcome the barrier, and then produce more conidia on the other side.

text: Once the pathogen enters the host, it makes its way to the vascular system, and specifically the xylem.  The fungi can spread as hyphae through the plant, but can also spread as spores.  Verticillium produce

text: conidia

text: on conidiophores and once conidia are released in the xylem, they can quickly colonize the plant.  Conidia have been observed traveling to the top of cotton plants, 115 cm, 24 hours after initial conidia inoculation, so the spread throughout the plant can occur very quickly.  Sometimes the flow of conidia will be stopped by cross sections of the xylem, and here the conidia will spawn, and the fungal hyphae can overcome the barrier, and then produce more conidia on the other side.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Viral infection

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: fungi

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Influenza

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: pathogen enters the host

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: spores

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: The fungi can spread as hyphae through the plant, but can also spread as spores

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Verticillium

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogen

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting from an infection.

text: Infection is the invasion of an organism's body

text: tissue

text: s by

text: disease

text: -causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the

text: toxin

text: s they produce. Infectious disease, also known as

text: transmissible disease

text: or communicable disease, is

text: illness

text: resulting from an infection.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infection

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: disease-causing

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: parasite

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: transmissible

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: toxins

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infection

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Infection

text: A census taken by the last Quipucamayoc indicated that there were 12 million inhabitants of Inca Peru; 45 years later, under viceroy Toledo, the census figures amounted to only 1,100,000 Inca. Historian David N. Cook estimates that their population decreased from an estimated 9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases. While the attrition was not an organized attempt at genocide, the results were similar. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease such as smallpox (unlike the Spanish, the Amerindians had no immunity to the disease) was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Inca cities were given Spanish Christian names and rebuilt as Spanish towns centered around a plaza with a church or cathedral facing an official residence. A few Inca cities like Cuzco retained native masonry for the foundations of their walls. Other Inca sites, like Huanuco Viejo, were abandoned for cities at lower altitudes more hospitable to the Spanish.

text: A census taken by the last Quipucamayoc indicated that there were 12 million inhabitants of Inca Peru; 45 years later, under viceroy Toledo, the census figures amounted to only 1,100,000 Inca. Historian David N. Cook estimates that their population decreased from an estimated 9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of

text: infectious disease

text: s. While the attrition was not an organized attempt at

text: genocide

text: , the results were similar. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors,

text: epidemic

text: disease

text: such as

text: smallpox

text: (unlike the Spanish, the

text: Amerindians

text: had no immunity to the disease) was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Inca cities were given Spanish Christian names and rebuilt as Spanish towns centered around a

text: plaza

text: with a church or cathedral facing an official residence. A few Inca cities like Cuzco retained native masonry for the foundations of their walls. Other Inca sites, like

text: Huanuco Viejo

text: , were abandoned for cities at lower altitudes more hospitable to the Spanish.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: the Amerindians had no immunity to the disease

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Historian David N. Cook

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Historian David N. Cook

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: immunity

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: smallpox

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Dr. Hull is a physician epidemiologist with more than 35 years of experience in infectious disease control.  He is an expert in food borne diseases, vaccine preventable diseases and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. He has served as an expert witness for 6 years, having worked for both plaintiff and defense on more than 80 cases.  He has been retained as an expert in cases related to: Listeriosis from Colorado cantaloupe; Salmonella outbreaks from peanut butter, peanut paste, white pepper and fast food restaurant chains; E. coli O157:H7 from 2 different restaurant chains; Yersinia from pasteurized milk; Campylobacter from contaminated peas; hepatitis C transmitted in medical settings.  He has been deposed on 15 times and testified at trial on 3 occasions.  Dr.  Hull consults with YUM! Brands on food safety issues and has recently served as a medical advisor to 4 vaccine companies. He also serves as a consultant to the World Health Organization on global polio eradication.

text: Dr. Hull is a physician epidemiologist with more than 35 years of experience in infectious disease control.  He is an expert in food borne diseases, vaccine preventable diseases and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. He has served as an expert witness for 6 years, having worked for both plaintiff and defense on more than 80 cases.  He has been retained as an expert in cases related to: Listeriosis from Colorado cantaloupe; Salmonella outbreaks from peanut butter, peanut paste, white pepper and fast food restaurant chains; E. coli O157:H7 from 2 different restaurant chains; Yersinia from pasteurized milk; Campylobacter from contaminated peas; hepatitis C transmitted in medical settings.  He has been deposed on 15 times and testified at trial on 3 occasions.  Dr.  Hull consults with YUM! Brands on food safety issues and has recently served as a medical advisor to 4 vaccine companies. He also serves as a consultant to the World Health Organization on global polio eradication.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: food borne

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: food borne diseases, vaccine preventable diseases and the epidemiology of infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: E. coli O157:H7

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: hepatitis C

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: hepatitis C

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: polio

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: polio

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: food borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: E. coli O157:H7

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: polio

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Campylobacter

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Dr. Hull

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: contact with the vectors

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Campylobacter

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: food borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: food borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Dr. Hull

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Campylobacter

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Campylobacter

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: food borne diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Salmonella

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious disease

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Salmonella

text: SIV pathogenesis encompasses both pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infections. SIV infection of non-human primates (NHPs) invariably results in persistent infection, but rarely acute disease. Pathogenic infection is typified by Rhesus macaques infected with SIV strains derived from sooty mangabeys. Disease progression to AIDS occurs within a period of months to years, depending upon the SIV strain used. Non-pathogenic infection is typified by African NHPs naturally infected with SIV. These animals rarely progress to AIDS despite maintaining viral loads that are equivalent to SIV viral loads in pathogenic infections. It is postulated that AIDS-like disease in African NHPs represents horizontal transmission of the virus from one or more homologous species in the recent evolutionary past, before equilibrium of co-adaptation has occurred.

text: SIV pathogenesis encompasses both pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infections. SIV infection of non-human primates (NHPs) invariably results in persistent infection, but rarely acute disease. Pathogenic infection is typified by Rhesus macaques infected with SIV strains derived from sooty mangabeys. Disease progression to AIDS occurs within a period of months to years, depending upon the SIV strain used. Non-pathogenic infection is typified by African NHPs naturally infected with SIV. These animals rarely progress to AIDS despite maintaining viral loads that are equivalent to SIV viral loads in pathogenic infections. It is postulated that AIDS-like disease in African NHPs represents horizontal transmission of the virus from one or more homologous species in the recent evolutionary past, before equilibrium of co-adaptation has occurred.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: non-pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: non-pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: non-human primates

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: SIV pathogenesis

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: horizontal transmission

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: horizontal transmission

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: SIV pathogenesis

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: horizontal transmission

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: AIDS

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: SIV

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogenic

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: virus

text: may be read as the average number of infections caused by a single infectious subject in a wholly susceptible population, the above relationship biologically means that if this number is less or equal than one the disease goes extinct, whereas if this number is greater than one the disease will remain permanently endemic in the population.

text: may be read as the average number of infections caused by a single infectious subject in a wholly susceptible population, the above relationship biologically means that if this number is less or equal than one the disease goes extinct, whereas if this number is greater than one the disease will remain permanently endemic in the population.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious subject

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: infectious subject

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious subject

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: endemic

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious subject

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: bacteria

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: genital herpes

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: If this number is greater than one the disease will remain permanently endemic in the population

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Travelers diarrhea

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: If this number is greater than one the disease will remain permanently endemic in the population

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: average number of infections caused by a single infectious subject in a wholly susceptible population

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infections

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: antibiotic

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious

text: One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include virulence, distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of Ebola virus, for example, incapacitate their victims extremely quickly and kill them soon after. As a result, the victims of this disease do not have the opportunity to travel very far from the initial infection zone. Also, this virus must spread through skin lesions or permeable membranes such as the eye. Thus, the initial stage of Ebola is not very contagious since its victims experience only internal hemorrhaging. As a result of the above features, the spread of Ebola is very rapid and usually stays within a relatively confined geographical area. In contrast, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) kills its victims very slowly by attacking their immune system. As a result, many of its victims transmit the virus to other individuals before even realizing that they are carrying the disease. Also, the relatively low virulence allows its victims to travel long distances, increasing the likelihood of an epidemic.

text: One of the ways to prevent or slow down the transmission of infectious diseases is to recognize the different characteristics of various diseases. Some critical disease characteristics that should be evaluated include

text: virulence

text: , distance traveled by victims, and level of contagiousness. The human strains of

text: Ebola

text: virus, for example, incapacitate their victims extremely quickly and kill them soon after. As a result, the victims of this disease do not have the opportunity to travel very far from the initial infection zone. Also, this virus must spread through skin lesions or permeable membranes such as the eye. Thus, the initial stage of

text: Ebola

text: is not very contagious since its victims experience only internal hemorrhaging. As a result of the above features, the spread of Ebola is very rapid and usually stays within a relatively confined geographical area. In contrast, the

text: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

text: HIV

text: ) kills its victims very slowly by attacking their immune system. As a result, many of its victims transmit the virus to other individuals before even realizing that they are carrying the disease. Also, the relatively low virulence allows its victims to travel long distances, increasing the likelihood of an

text: epidemic

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: contagiousness

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: human strains of Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Ebola

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: human strains of Ebola

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Human strains of Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Human strains of Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human strains of Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Human strains of Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: This virus must spread through skin lesions or permeable membranes such as the eye

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: The human strains of Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: This virus must spread through skin lesions or permeable membranes

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Human strains of Ebola virus

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot is a common infectious disease caused by protozoa.

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: virus

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: Ebola virus

text: The ICEID or International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases is a conference for public health professionals on the subject of emerging infectious diseases.

text: The ICEID or International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases is a conference for public health professionals on the subject of emerging infectious diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 3

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 5

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: emerging infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: emerging infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: emerging infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: emerging infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Human viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: protozoa

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: ICEID

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: strep throat

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Athletes foot

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: public health

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: Schistosoma japonicum is the only human blood fluke that occurs in China and Philippines. It is the cause of schistosomiasis japonica, a disease that still remains a significant health problem especially in lake and marshland regions.  Schistosomiasis is an infection caused mainly by three schistosome species; Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma haematobium. S. japonicum being the most infectious of the three species.  Infection by schistosomes is followed by an acute Katayama fever.  Historical accounts of Katayama disease dates back to the discovery of S. Japonicum in Japan in 1904.  The disease was named after an area it was endemic to, Katayama district, Hiroshima, Japan. If left untreated, it will develop into a chronic condition characterized by hepatosplenic disease and impaired physical and cognitive development. The severity of S. japonicum arises in 60% of all neurological diseases in schistosomes due to the migration of schistosome eggs to the brain.

text: Schistosoma japonicum is the only human blood fluke that occurs in China and Philippines. It is the cause of schistosomiasis japonica, a disease that still remains a significant health problem especially in lake and marshland regions.  Schistosomiasis is an infection caused mainly by three schistosome species; Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma haematobium. S. japonicum being the most infectious of the three species.  Infection by schistosomes is followed by an acute Katayama fever.  Historical accounts of Katayama disease dates back to the discovery of S. Japonicum in Japan in 1904.  The disease was named after an area it was endemic to, Katayama district, Hiroshima, Japan. If left untreated, it will develop into a chronic condition characterized by hepatosplenic disease and impaired physical and cognitive development. The severity of S. japonicum arises in 60% of all neurological diseases in schistosomes due to the migration of schistosome eggs to the brain.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: human blood fluke

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: Schistosomes

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: human blood fluke

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: human blood fluke

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Schistosomiasis japonica

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: Schistosomes

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Schistosomiasis

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: Schistosomes

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Schistosoma japonicum

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: blood fluke

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: neurological diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: blood fluke

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: Schistosomes

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: Schistosome

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: schistosome

text: Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital, originally known as Queens Memorial Infectious Diseases Hospital, operated from 1904 to its closure in 1996. Perched high on the banks of the Yarra River at Yarra Bend in the inner Melbourne suburb of Fairfield, it developed an international reputation for the research and treatment of infectious diseases. When it closed, it was the last specific infectious diseases hospital in Australia.

text: Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital, originally known as Queens Memorial Infectious Diseases Hospital, operated from 1904 to its closure in 1996. Perched high on the banks of the

text: Yarra River

text: at Yarra Bend in the inner

text: Melbourne

text: suburb of

text: Fairfield

text: , it developed an international reputation for the research and treatment of infectious diseases. When it closed, it was the last specific

text: infectious disease

text: s

text: hospital

text: in

text: Australia

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: HIV

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: mosquito

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Yarra River

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: Viral infections

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: It was the last specific infectious diseases hospital in Australia

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: Infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious diseases

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: infectious diseases

text: The U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) also participates in the identification and prevention of biowarfare and first released a strategy for biodefense in 2002, periodically releasing updates as new pathogens are becoming topics of discussion. Within this list of strategies, responses for specific infectious agents are provided, along with the classification of these agents. NIAID provides countermeasures after the U.S. Department of Homeland Security details which pathogens hold the most threat.

text: The U.S.

text: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

text: (NIAID) also participates in the identification and prevention of biowarfare and first released a strategy for biodefense in 2002, periodically releasing updates as new pathogens are becoming topics of discussion. Within this list of strategies, responses for specific infectious agents are provided, along with the classification of these agents. NIAID provides countermeasures after the U.S. Department of Homeland Security details which pathogens hold the most threat.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: biowarfare

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: infectious agents

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: biowarfare

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Allergy

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: Cough or sneeze

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: Infectious Diseases

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: Infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: countermeasures

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: pathogen

text: Kuru was shown to have remarkable similarity to scrapie, a disease of sheep and goats caused by an unconventional infectious agent. Subsequently, additional human agents belonging to the same group were discovered. They include sporadic, familial, and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Gajdusek recognized that diseases like Kuru and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease were caused by a new infectious agent that had not yet been identified. Further research on the scrapie agent by Stanley Prusiner and others led to the identification of endogenous proteins called prions as the cause of these diseases.

text: Kuru was shown to have remarkable similarity to

text: scrapie

text: , a disease of sheep and goats caused by an unconventional infectious agent. Subsequently, additional human agents belonging to the same group were discovered. They include sporadic, familial, and variant

text: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

text: . Gajdusek recognized that diseases like Kuru and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease were caused by a new infectious agent that had not yet been identified. Further research on the scrapie agent by

text: Stanley Prusiner

text: and others led to the identification of endogenous proteins called

text: prion

text: s as the cause of these diseases.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 4

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: human

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: endogenous proteins

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: goats

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: Kuru

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: Schistosoma

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: endogenous proteins

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: endogenous proteins

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: pathogens

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: endogenous proteins

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: endogenous proteins called prions

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: infectious

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: prions

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: vaccine

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: endogenous

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: infectious agent

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: prions

text: McMichael et al argue (2004) that the epidemiological transition has not taken place homogeneously in all countries. Countries have varied in the speed with which they go through the transition as well as what stage of the transition they are in. The global burden of disease website provides visual comparisons of the disease burdens of countries and the changes over time. The epidemiological transition correlates with changes in life expectancy. Worldwide, mortality rates have decreased as both technological and medical advancements have led to a tremendous decrease in infectious diseases. With fewer people dying from infectious diseases, there is a rising prevalence of chronic and/or degenerative diseases in the older surviving population.

text: McMichael et al argue (2004) that the epidemiological transition has not taken place homogeneously in all countries. Countries have varied in the speed with which they go through the transition as well as what stage of the transition they are in. The global burden of disease website provides visual comparisons of the disease burdens of countries and the changes over time. The epidemiological transition correlates with changes in life expectancy. Worldwide, mortality rates have decreased as both technological and medical advancements have led to a tremendous decrease in infectious diseases. With fewer people dying from infectious diseases, there is a rising prevalence of chronic and/or degenerative diseases in the older surviving population.

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/9d4237d8be8178ab5269d28038e214dd

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/756c85c26c8f8c600834f311220e5e63

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a832d3b1aeea67e4397eafce04b271e8

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/09b9a0b6ff03b8cca8c369b68fe0875f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/eaa6f5b3e9591dff3a9ed73a189ae48c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7b5af613397634b1af6aefc05a7d0828

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/6b67e930e7f5efc001f22a5860532d43

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/457fb1b819ce06ca9f84fba1c708f6e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/e097756238b39caa4cfbbf52df3af4f1

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/50abb8dd89b9c22f6e949cf6a8ad587d

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/5b00d9b6ff4d9db1bc3c53ddc83f22a3

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/f022431ebbf4c5a39fe802f80ee9f4c9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/a06240627a7973211115427239c7be24

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/608e0d4cca835c2141b75cf44f90d258

answers: 3

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2296/7dcb2d30f2f5210d1ea52ac6fabbb061

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2518c58d54a1b1fea02eacbaaf49194a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/2671718f7710807d75da93c148484c61

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/f57febe8ef28578ffa60f3c13bebdcda

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/63dfd00c1714c55698520e0d8c782385

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/29b02241164d2a306b69eeec629b00a0

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/ecfa542331018f47a11b7dab7f9b1057

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/a87bcad2045de1d5aa48bf00892685f7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/eb4e6ec781e5ea2e80737b47f85c64d9

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/d415570c19823adfe76c6286af9edf7e

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2298/523b69d764fc59b8ecbd9de04cbbd82c

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a86d10952a6cc3e2799356036ad45b47

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/043b200c32128db69027b6a41d16f5ad

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a957ae85e4ccad7eacb68a4118bef2e7

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/62505162dfd5b617f9f4156b78718bd6

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/06dd632149e088abd8c5e66dce06cd90

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/eeda2061c32dadbf44b2e984e5ea706a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/645b9d4acfa1c99306bdcf9058cb69d4

answers: 2

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/a48b747ae1173dc218d59dcad1d9b94f

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/3d2c1f2fe56ce7c011d7c40f02f40e3a

answers: 0

answers: tqa2:L_0401/T_2299/4608480822cd3915c2855c3d51af9e2b

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008192

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008193

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008194

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008195

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008196

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008197

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008198

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008199

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008200

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008201

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008203

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008205

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008206

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008209

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008211

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008212

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008213

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008214

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008215

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008216

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008217

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008218

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008219

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008220

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008221

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008222

answers: 4

answers: NDQ_008223

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008224

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008225

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008226

answers: 0

answers: NDQ_008227

answers: 0