text: In My Animal Centre in Africa, the vet has four health meters, rather than just two. you have the energy meter, that can be risen by eating. The bigger appliances you have, the bigger meal you can eat. You also have the fitness meter, which can be risen by resting on the sofa or sleeping. You have the option on whether to have the vet sleep from 2 to 8 hours. The vet also has a leisure meter, which can be risen by watching TV, or listening to music. The final meter is the health meter, which is kept high by keeping her other meters high as well.

text: In My Animal Centre in Africa, the vet has four health meters, rather than just two. you have the energy meter, that can be risen by eating. The bigger appliances you have, the bigger meal you can eat. You also have the fitness meter, which can be risen by resting on the sofa or sleeping. You have the option on whether to have the vet sleep from 2 to 8 hours. The vet also has a leisure meter, which can be risen by watching

entity_name: Television

text: TV

text: , or listening to music. The final meter is the health meter, which is kept high by keeping her other meters high as well.

text: Right Now, You're in the Best of Hands. And If Something Isn't Quite Right, Your Doctor Will Know in a Hurry is the debut album by the post-hardcore band Bear vs. Shark.

text: Right Now, You're in the Best of Hands. And If Something Isn't Quite Right, Your Doctor Will Know in a Hurry is the debut album by the

entity_name: Post-hardcore

text: post-hardcore

text: band

entity_name: Bear vs. Shark

text: Bear vs. Shark

text: A throat microphone, also laryngophone, is a type of contact microphone that absorbs vibrations directly from the wearer's throat by way of single or dual sensors worn against the neck. The sensors, called transducers, can pick up speech even in extremely noisy or windy environments such as on a motorcycle, or in a nightclub. Other types of microphones do not function well under these conditions because of high levels of background noise. Advanced laryngophones are able to pick up whispers, and therefore perform well in environments where communicating with others at a distance in silence is required, such as during covert military operations. Throat microphones are also very useful when helmets or respiratory protection is required. Many full-face SCBA, CABA, SAR respirator, PAPR or re-breather masks do not have a provision for a microphone inside the mask. The throat microphone can be used safely, as it is positioned outside the mask's face seal and as such does not compromise the respiratory protection provided by the mask, nor does it violate mask approvals and certification.

text: A throat microphone, also laryngophone, is a type of

entity_name: Contact microphone

text: contact microphone

text: that absorbs vibrations directly from the wearer's throat by way of single or dual sensors worn against the neck. The sensors, called

entity_name: Transducer

text: transducers

text: , can pick up speech even in extremely noisy or windy environments such as on a

entity_name: Motorcycle

text: motorcycle

text: , or in a

entity_name: Nightclub

text: nightclub

text: . Other types of microphones do not function well under these conditions because of high levels of background noise. Advanced laryngophones are able to pick up whispers, and therefore perform well in environments where communicating with others at a distance in silence is required, such as during covert military operations. Throat microphones are also very useful when helmets or respiratory protection is required. Many full-face

entity_name: Self-contained breathing apparatus

text: SCBA

text: CABA

text: , SAR respirator, PAPR or re-breather masks do not have a provision for a microphone inside the mask. The throat microphone can be used safely, as it is positioned outside the mask's face seal and as such does not compromise the respiratory protection provided by the mask, nor does it violate mask approvals and certification.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

text: Woodhead is a world authority on lung infection and pneumonia. He is a member of the British Thoracic Society, a Fellow of the European Respiratory Society, a member of the American Thoracic Society, Chairman of the European Respiratory Society’s Lower Respiratory Infection Guidelines Group and a section editor of the European Respiratory Journal.  He is also a member (and Chairman of the Public Education subcommittee) of the Department of Health Specialist Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance, a member of the British Thoracic Society Pneumonia Guidelines Committee and editor of the international textbook Respiratory Infections.

text: Woodhead is a world authority on

entity_name: Respiratory tract infection

text: lung infection

text: and

entity_name: Pneumonia

text: pneumonia

text: . He is a member of the

entity_name: British Thoracic Society

text: British Thoracic Society

text: , a Fellow of the

entity_name: European Respiratory Society

text: European Respiratory Society

text: , a member of the

entity_name: American Thoracic Society

text: American Thoracic Society

text: , Chairman of the

text: European Respiratory Society

text: ’s Lower Respiratory Infection Guidelines Group and a section editor of the European Respiratory Journal.  He is also a member (and Chairman of the Public Education subcommittee) of the Department of Health Specialist Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance, a member of the

text: British Thoracic Society

text: Pneumonia Guidelines Committee and editor of the international textbook Respiratory Infections.

text: People can take steps to avoid phishing attempts by slightly modifying their browsing habits. When contacted about an account needing to be "verified" (or any other topic used by phishers), it is a sensible precaution to contact the company from which the email apparently originates to check that the email is legitimate. Alternatively, the address that the individual knows is the company's genuine website can be typed into the address bar of the browser, rather than trusting any hyperlinks in the suspected phishing message.

text: People can take steps to avoid phishing attempts by slightly modifying their browsing habits. When contacted about an account needing to be "verified" (or any other topic used by phishers), it is a sensible precaution to contact the company from which the email apparently originates to check that the email is legitimate. Alternatively, the address that the individual knows is the company's genuine website can be typed into the address bar of the browser, rather than trusting any

entity_name: Hyperlink

text: hyperlink

text: s in the suspected phishing message.

text: Doctors are unsure of the cause of his fast growth. In 2008, the British doctor Ian Campbell, one of the world's leading experts in obesity, visited Dzhambik and performed a series of tests on him at a Moscow clinic where he is treated every year for his obesity. The tests showed that 9 year old Dzhambik's bones were the size of an average 15-year-old boy. He was also tested for anabolic steroids, which can cause abnormal bone growth, but the results were negative. As shown on an episode of Body Shock, Campbell and other health care professionals urged Dzambik's mother to help the boy eat a better diet and lose weight to improve his health, but Nelya rejected their advice and insisted the boy was healthy and capable of becoming a sumo wrestler or other sportsman.

text: Doctors are unsure of the cause of his fast growth. In 2008, the

entity_name: United Kingdom

text: British

text: doctor Ian Campbell, one of the world's leading experts in obesity, visited Dzhambik and performed a series of tests on him at a

entity_name: Moscow

text: Moscow

text: clinic where he is treated every year for his

entity_name: Obesity

text: obesity

text: . The tests showed that 9 year old Dzhambik's bones were the size of an average 15-year-old boy. He was also tested for

entity_name: Anabolic steroid

text: anabolic steroids

text: , which can cause abnormal bone growth, but the results were negative. As shown on an episode of Body Shock, Campbell and other health care professionals urged Dzambik's mother to help the boy eat a better diet and lose weight to improve his health, but Nelya rejected their advice and insisted the boy was healthy and capable of becoming a

entity_name: Sumo

text: sumo

text: wrestler or other sportsman.

method: ICT-DRMMTKS

text: The main sources of infection in the home are people (who are carriers or are infected), foods (particularly raw foods) and water, and domestic animals (in the U.S. more than 50% of homes have one or more pets). Additionally, sites that accumulate stagnant water—such as sinks, toilets, waste pipes, cleaning tools, face cloths—readily support microbial growth, and can become secondary reservoirs of infection, though species are mostly those that threaten "at risk" groups. Germs (potentially infectious bacteria, viruses etc.) are constantly shed from these sources via mucous membranes, faeces, vomit, skin scales, etc. Thus, when circumstances combine, people become exposed, either directly or via food or water, and can develop an infection. The main "highways" for spread of germs in the home are the hands, hand and food contact surfaces, and cleaning cloths and utensils. Germs can also spread via clothing and household linens, such as towels. Utilities such as toilets and wash basins, for example, were invented for dealing safely with human waste, but still have risks associated with them, which may become critical at certain times, e.g., when someone has sickness or diarrhea. Safe disposal of human waste is a fundamental need; poor sanitation is a primary cause of diarrhea disease in low income communities. Respiratory viruses and fungal spores are also spread via the air.

text: The main sources of infection in the home are people (who are carriers or are infected), foods (particularly raw foods) and water, and domestic animals (in the U.S. more than 50% of homes have one or more pets). Additionally, sites that accumulate stagnant water—such as sinks, toilets, waste pipes, cleaning tools, face cloths—readily support microbial growth, and can become secondary reservoirs of infection, though species are mostly those that threaten "at risk" groups.

entity_name: Microorganism

text: Germs

text: (potentially infectious bacteria, viruses etc.) are constantly shed from these sources via mucous membranes, faeces, vomit, skin scales, etc. Thus, when circumstances combine, people become exposed, either directly or via food or water, and can develop an infection. The main "highways" for spread of germs in the home are the hands, hand and food contact surfaces, and cleaning cloths and utensils. Germs can also spread via clothing and household linens, such as

entity_name: Towel

text: towels

text: . Utilities such as toilets and wash basins, for example, were invented for dealing safely with human waste, but still have risks associated with them, which may become critical at certain times, e.g., when someone has sickness or diarrhea. Safe disposal of human waste is a fundamental need; poor

entity_name: Sanitation

text: sanitation

text: is a primary cause of diarrhea disease in low income communities. Respiratory viruses and fungal spores are also spread via the air.

text: The National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) Inc. is a non-profit organization formed in 1960 with the purpose of awarding and maintaining credentialing for Respiratory Therapists in the United States.  The NBRC is the only organization in the United States which develops certification examinations for Registered Respiratory Therapists (RRTs) and Certified Respiratory Therapists (CRTs).  The NBRC also offers additional specialization credentialing for respiratory practitioners that hold its certifications.  The CRT and RRT designations are the standard credential in respiratory care for licensure requirements in the portions of the United States that have enacted a Respiratory Care Act.  States that license respiratory therapists sometimes require the practitioner to maintain their NBRC credentialing to maintain their license to practice.  The NBRC is headquartered in Olathe, Kansas.  It has been in the Kansas City metropolitan area since 1974.  Both the NBRC and Applied Measurement Professionals, Inc. (AMP), are located at 18000 W. 105th St., Olathe, Kansas 66061-7543.

text: The National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) Inc. is a

entity_name: Nonprofit organization

text: non-profit

text: organization formed in 1960 with the purpose of awarding and maintaining credentialing for

entity_name: Respiratory therapist

text: Respiratory Therapist

text: s in the

entity_name: United States

text: United States

text: .  The NBRC is the only organization in the United States which develops certification examinations for

entity_name: Registered respiratory therapist

text: Registered Respiratory Therapist

text: s (RRTs) and

entity_name: Certified Respiratory Therapist

text: Certified Respiratory Therapist

text: s (CRTs).  The NBRC also offers additional specialization credentialing for

text: respiratory practitioner

text: s that hold its certifications.  The CRT and RRT designations are the standard credential in respiratory care for licensure requirements in the portions of the

text: United States

text: that have enacted a

entity_name: Respiratory Care Act

text: Respiratory Care Act

text: .  States that license

text: respiratory therapist

text: s sometimes require the practitioner to maintain their NBRC credentialing to maintain their license to practice.  The NBRC is headquartered in

entity_name: Olathe, Kansas

text: Olathe, Kansas

text: .  It has been in the

entity_name: Kansas City metropolitan area

text: Kansas City metropolitan area

text: since 1974.  Both the NBRC and

text: Applied Measurement Professionals

text: , Inc. (AMP), are located at 18000 W. 105th St., Olathe, Kansas 66061-7543.

text: Personal behaviors covered by the text are extensive. For example, verses 2.51-2.56, recommend that a monk must go on his begging round, collect almsfood and present it to his teacher first, then eat. One should revere whatever food one gets and eat it without disdain, states Manusmriti, but never overeat, as eating too much harms health. In verse 5.47, the text states that work becomes without effort when a man contemplates, undertakes and does what he loves to do and when he does so without harming any creature.

text: Microsimulation can be distinguished from other types of computer modeling in looking at the interaction of individual "units" such as people or vehicles. Each unit is treated as an autonomous entity and the interaction of the units is allowed vary depending on stochastic (randomized) parameters. These parameters are intended to represent individual preferences and tendencies. For example, in a traffic model some drivers are cautious and wait for a large gap before turning, while others are aggressive and accept small gaps.  Similarly, in a public health model individuals could vary in their resistance to a virus, as well as in personal habits that contribute to the spread of the virus (e.g. how frequently/thoroughly they wash their hands).

text: Microsimulation can be distinguished from other types of computer modeling in looking at the interaction of individual "units" such as people or

entity_name: Vehicle

text: vehicle

text: s. Each unit is treated as an autonomous entity and the interaction of the units is allowed vary depending on

entity_name: Stochastic

text: stochastic

text: (randomized) parameters. These parameters are intended to represent individual preferences and tendencies. For example, in a traffic model some drivers are cautious and wait for a large gap before turning, while others are aggressive and accept small gaps.  Similarly, in a public health model individuals could vary in their resistance to a virus, as well as in personal habits that contribute to the spread of the virus (e.g. how frequently/thoroughly they wash their hands).

text: People can become infected with respiratory illnesses such as influenza or the common cold, for example, if they do not wash their hands before touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. As a general rule, hand washing protects people poorly or not at all from droplet and airborne diseases, such as measles, chickenpox, influenza, and tuberculosis.  It protects best against diseases transmitted through fecal-oral routes (such as many forms of gastroenteritis) and direct physical contact (such as impetigo).

text: People can become infected with respiratory illnesses such as influenza or the common cold, for example, if they do not wash their hands before touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. As a general rule, hand washing protects people poorly or not at all from droplet and

entity_name: Airborne disease

text: airborne disease

text: s, such as

entity_name: Measles

text: measles

entity_name: Chickenpox

text: chickenpox

entity_name: Influenza

text: influenza

text: , and

entity_name: Tuberculosis

text: tuberculosis

text: .  It protects best against diseases

entity_name: Transmission (medicine)

text: transmitted

text: through

entity_name: Fecal–oral route

text: fecal-oral route

text: s (such as many forms of

entity_name: Gastroenteritis

text: gastroenteritis

text: ) and direct physical contact (such as

entity_name: Impetigo

text: impetigo

text: Many smokers begin during adolescence or early adulthood. During the early stages, a combination of perceived pleasure acting as positive reinforcement and desire to respond to social peer pressure may offset the unpleasant symptoms of initial use, which typically include nausea and coughing. After an individual has smoked for some years, the avoidance of withdrawal symptoms and negative reinforcement become the key motivations to continue.

text: Many smokers begin during

entity_name: Adolescence

text: adolescence

text: or

entity_name: Emerging adulthood and early adulthood

text: early adulthood

text: . During the early stages, a combination of perceived pleasure acting as

entity_name: Reinforcement

entity_section: Positive and negative

text: positive reinforcement

text: and desire to respond to social peer pressure may offset the unpleasant symptoms of initial use, which typically include nausea and coughing. After an individual has smoked for some years, the avoidance of

entity_name: Drug withdrawal

text: withdrawal

text: symptoms and

text: negative reinforcement

text: become the key motivations to continue.

text: Physical exercise enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It strengthens muscles and improves the cardiovascular system.

text: Physical exercise enhances or maintains

entity_name: Physical fitness

text: physical fitness

text: and overall health and wellness. It strengthens muscles and improves the

entity_name: Circulatory system

entity_section: Cardiovascular system

text: cardiovascular system

text: The team at Birmingham (GAJ Ayliffe, JR Babb, AH Quoraishi) developed the six step hand-washing technique (known as the Ayliffe Technique). The technique was soon adopted by hospitals throughout the UK and was endorsed by the World Health Organisation in 2009.

text: The team at Birmingham (GAJ Ayliffe, JR Babb, AH Quoraishi) developed the six step hand-washing technique (known as the Ayliffe Technique). The technique was soon adopted by hospitals throughout the UK and was endorsed by the

entity_name: World Health Organization

text: World Health Organisation

text: in 2009.

text: To avoid smoke, the fuel used was coke, rather than coal.  To prevent visible emission of steam, two opposite systems were used:

text: To avoid smoke, the fuel used was

entity_name: Coke (fuel)

text: coke

text: , rather than

entity_name: Coal

text: coal

text: .  To prevent visible emission of steam, two opposite systems were used:

text: This type of rebreather works on the principle of adding fresh gas to compensate for reduced volume in the breathing circuit. A portion of the respired gas is discharged that is in some way proportional to usage. Generally it is a fixed volumetric fraction of the respiratory flow, but more complex systems have been developed which exhaust a close approximation of a ratio to the surface respiratory flow rate. These are described as depth compensated or partially depth compensated systems. Gas addition is triggered by low counterlung volume.

text: Hunters may be at additional risk for exposure to brucellosis due to increased contact with susceptible wildlife. Exposure can occur through contact with open wounds or by directly inhaling the bacteria while cleaning game. In some cases, consumption of undercooked game can result in exposure to the disease. Hunters can limit exposure while cleaning game through the use of precautionary barriers, including gloves and masks, and by washing tools rigorously after use.  By ensuring that game is cooked thoroughly, hunters can protect themselves and others from ingesting the disease. Hunters should refer to local game officials and health departments to determine the risk of brucellosis exposure in their immediate area and to learn more about actions to reduce or avoid exposure.

text: In developing countries, childhood mortality rates related to respiratory and diarrheal diseases can be reduced by introducing simple behavioral changes, such as hand washing with soap. This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50 percent.

text: In developing countries,

entity_name: Child mortality

text: childhood mortality rates

text: related to respiratory and

entity_name: Diarrhea

text: diarrheal diseases

text: can be reduced by introducing simple

entity_name: Behavior change (public health)

text: behavioral changes

text: , such as hand washing with soap. This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50 percent.

text: Health problems associated with high levels of airborne mold spores include allergic reactions, asthma episodes, irritations of the eye, nose and throat, sinus congestion, and other respiratory problems, although it should be noted that mold spores won't actually cause asthma, just irritate existing conditions.  For example, residents of homes with mold are at an elevated risk for both respiratory infections and bronchitis. When mold spores are inhaled by an immunocompromised individual, some mold spores may begin to grow on living tissue, attaching to cells along the respiratory tract and causing further problems.  Generally, when this occurs, the illness is an epiphenomenon and not the primary pathology. Also, mold may produce mycotoxins, either before or after exposure to humans, potentially causing toxicity.

text: Health problems associated with high levels of airborne

text: mold spore

text: s include

entity_name: Allergy

text: allergic reaction

text: s,

entity_name: Asthma

text: asthma

text: episodes, irritations of the eye, nose and throat,

entity_name: Paranasal sinuses

text: sinus

text: congestion, and other respiratory problems, although it should be noted that mold spores won't actually cause asthma, just irritate existing conditions.  For example, residents of homes with mold are at an elevated risk for both respiratory infections and bronchitis. When mold spores are inhaled by an

entity_name: Immunodeficiency

text: immunocompromise

text: d individual, some mold spores may begin to grow on living tissue, attaching to cells along the

entity_name: Respiratory tract

text: respiratory tract

text: and causing further problems.  Generally, when this occurs, the illness is an

entity_name: Epiphenomenon

text: epiphenomenon

text: and not the primary pathology. Also, mold may produce mycotoxins, either before or after exposure to humans, potentially causing toxicity.

text: Blood flow to skin and fat are affected by skin and core temperature, and resting muscle perfusion is controlled by the temperature of the muscle itself. During exercise increased flow to the working muscles is often balanced by reduced flow to other tissues, such as kidneys spleen and liver. Blood flow to the muscles is also lower in cold water, but exercise keeps the muscle warm and flow elevated even when the skin is chilled. Blood flow to fat normally increases during exercise, but this is inhibited by immersion in cold water. Adaptation to cold reduces the extreme vasoconstriction which usually occurs with cold water immersion. Variations in perfusion distribution do not necessarily affect respiratory inert gas exchange, though some gas may be locally trapped by changes in perfusion. Rest in a cold environment will reduce inert gas exchange from skin, fat and muscle, whereas exercise will increase gas exchange. Exercise during decompression can reduce decompression time and risk, providing bubbles are not present, but can increase risk if bubbles are present. Inert gas exchange is least favourable for the diver who is warm and exercises at depth during the ingassing phase, and rests and is cold during decompression.

text: Older cameras still equipped with an electro-mechanical trigger contact may exhibit yet another problem. If they provide both, an ISO hotshoe and a PC terminal, both are typically wired to the same trigger contact in the camera rather than triggered independently as in cameras with electronic triggering circuits. When only the PC terminal is used and the hotshoe remains un-populated, a flash with high trigger circuit voltages connected to the PC terminal delivers this voltage on the normally unprotected middle contact of the camera's ISO hotshoe. If the photographer's eyebrows accidentally get into contact with the middle contact, the electrical shock can cause pain or even injuries. One way camera manufacturers have used to avoid this problem was to use two independent trigger contacts, which, however, could cause flash synchronization problems. Another, as utilized by Minolta in all such cameras supporting a PC terminal, was to add a small hidden contact on the side of the ISO hotshoe, which would disable the middle contact until some equipment was mounted in the hotshoe, thereby avoiding any possible contact with the operator's eyebrows as well.

text: Older cameras still equipped with an electro-mechanical trigger contact may exhibit yet another problem. If they provide both, an ISO hotshoe and a PC terminal, both are typically wired to the same trigger contact in the camera rather than triggered independently as in cameras with electronic triggering circuits. When only the PC terminal is used and the hotshoe remains un-populated, a flash with high trigger circuit voltages connected to the PC terminal delivers this voltage on the normally unprotected middle contact of the camera's ISO hotshoe. If the photographer's eyebrows accidentally get into contact with the middle contact, the

entity_name: Electric shock

text: electrical shock

text: can cause pain or even injuries. One way camera manufacturers have used to avoid this problem was to use two independent trigger contacts, which, however, could cause flash synchronization problems. Another, as utilized by Minolta in all such cameras supporting a PC terminal, was to add a small hidden contact on the side of the ISO hotshoe, which would disable the middle contact until some equipment was mounted in the hotshoe, thereby avoiding any possible contact with the operator's eyebrows as well.

text: As a consequence of a lack of certain nutrition due to altered eating habits, various health problems can occur, from the mild to the extreme.  Lack of certain vitamins (A, E and C) and low levels of riboflavin and thiamin can produce a variety of conditions, ranging from constipation, weight loss, arthritis and rheumatism. There are more serious conditions such as heart disease and Parkinson's disease and even to the extreme, certain types of Cancer.  Treatments include changing approaches to eating such as cutting food in advance to make eating easier and less likely to avoid as well as consumer health products such as multivitamins and multi-minerals specifically designed to support the nutritional issues experienced by denture wearers.

text: As a consequence of a lack of certain nutrition due to altered eating habits, various health problems can occur, from the mild to the extreme.  Lack of certain

text: vitamins

text: A

text: E

text: and

text: C

text: ) and low levels of

text: riboflavin

text: and

text: thiamin

text: can produce a variety of conditions, ranging from

text: constipation

text: , weight loss,

text: arthritis

text: and

text: rheumatism

text: . There are more serious conditions such as heart disease and

text: Parkinson's disease

text: and even to the extreme, certain types of

text: Cancer

text: .  Treatments include changing approaches to eating such as cutting food in advance to make eating easier and less likely to avoid as well as consumer health products such as multivitamins and multi-minerals specifically designed to support the nutritional issues experienced by denture wearers.

text: Hański died in November 1841. She sent Balzac a letter, sealed in black, with the news. He instantly wrote back: "je n'en aurais peut-être pas voulu recevoir d'autre de vous, malgré ce que vous me dites de triste sur vous et votre santé" ("I could not perhaps wish to have received any other [news] from you, in spite of the sad things you tell me about yourself and your health"). He made plans to visit Dresden in May, and obtain a visa to visit her in Russia.

text: More than one washing machine is usually installed. They are often larger than private washing machines found in individual households, and more durable to withstand daily use. Drying facilities often include a tumble dryer or drying cabinet/drying cupboard (image) and a separate (warm-air assisted) drying room, where clothes are hung on washing lines. There may be one or more of each. A standalone centrifuge (or spinner) is often found, either if one or more washing machines don't have such a function or for residents washing garments by hand. It extracts the bulk of the water in minutes, minimizing the time subsequently needed in the dryer. Other facilities may include sinks for washing by hand, a mangle (wringer), a washboard, paper towel and trolleys (carts) for transporting laundry to the drying facilities. A tvättstuga also has a social dimension - a place where conversation can arise between neighbours without discomfort.

text: More than one

text: washing machine

text: is usually installed. They are often larger than private washing machines found in individual households, and more durable to withstand daily use. Drying facilities often include a

text: tumble dryer

text: or

text: drying cabinet

text: /drying cupboard (

text: image

text: ) and a separate (warm-air assisted)

text: drying room

text: , where clothes are hung on

text: washing lines

text: . There may be one or more of each. A standalone

text: centrifuge

text: (or spinner) is often found, either if one or more washing machines don't have such a function or for residents washing garments by hand. It extracts the bulk of the water in minutes, minimizing the time subsequently needed in the dryer. Other facilities may include

text: sink

text: s for washing by hand, a

text: mangle

text: (wringer), a

text: washboard

text: paper towel

text: and

text: trolley

text: s (carts) for transporting laundry to the drying facilities. A tvättstuga also has a social dimension - a place where

text: conversation

text: can arise between neighbours without discomfort.

text: Most D.H.S./D.H.Sc. programs have been compared in course content to the Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), and the Doctor of Philosophy in Health Science (PhD) degrees, but often distinguishes itself from these degrees in focus and scholarship requirements.  Furthermore, Master's credential health professionals (i.e. Athletic Trainer,  Occupational Therapist, Paramedic, Physical Therapist, Physician Assistant, Pathologists' assistant, Radiographer, Respiratory Therapist,  Speech and language therapist, Health Education Specialist (CHES/MCHES), advanced practice clinicians/diagnosticians with Master's degrees, as well as mid- and executive-level healthcare administrators and educators, and public health professionals) are drawn to the D.H.S./D.H.Sc. credential in effort to advance their careers toward top executive echelons and academic appointments.

text: Most D.H.S./D.H.Sc. programs have been compared in course content to the

text: Doctor of Public Health

text: (DrPH), and the

text: Doctor of Philosophy

text: in Health Science (PhD) degrees, but often distinguishes itself from these degrees in focus and scholarship requirements.  Furthermore, Master's credential health professionals (i.e.

text: Athletic Trainer

text: Occupational Therapist

text: Paramedic

text: Physical Therapist

text: Physician Assistant

text: Pathologists' assistant

text: Radiographer

text: Respiratory Therapist

text: Speech and language therapist

text: Health Education

text: Specialist (CHES/MCHES), advanced practice clinicians/diagnosticians with Master's degrees, as well as mid- and executive-level healthcare administrators and educators, and public health professionals) are drawn to the D.H.S./D.H.Sc. credential in effort to advance their careers toward top executive echelons and academic appointments.

text: Health services are provided by the Milk River and District Health Centre. The hospital offers 24/7 emergency department services with on call laboratory and diagnostic imaging services. Between 2005-2008, the emergency department averaged 1,351 visits per year. The top three reasons for emergency visits in Milk River ranked in order of presentation are respiratory, digestive and musculoskeletal complaints. The tertiary referral centre for the hospital is Chinook Regional Hospital in Lethbridge.

text: Health services are provided by the Milk River and District Health Centre. The hospital offers 24/7 emergency department services with on call laboratory and diagnostic imaging services. Between 2005-2008, the emergency department averaged 1,351 visits per year. The top three reasons for emergency visits in Milk River ranked in order of presentation are respiratory, digestive and musculoskeletal complaints. The tertiary referral centre for the hospital is

text: Chinook Regional Hospital

text: in Lethbridge.

text: Each month more than 500 children visit the Outpatient department and more than 100 are admitted to the ward. The leading health problems are respiratory infections, malaria, diarrheal diseases and malnutrition. On average 15 children are admitted every month with malnutrition. It costs a minimum of 540,000 UGX ($245) to give a full package of health care to every malnourished child on the ward.

text: Each month more than 500 children visit the Outpatient department and more than 100 are admitted to the ward. The leading health problems are respiratory infections,

text: malaria

text: diarrheal diseases

text: and

text: malnutrition

text: . On average 15 children are admitted every month with malnutrition. It costs a minimum of 540,000 UGX ($245) to give a full package of health care to every malnourished child on the ward.

text: Nickel is present in a wide range of foods, in varying concentrations. Exposure to nickel through one's diet may result in acute (systemic) flareups of Ni-ACD. Adults should consume less than 150μg of nickel per day, and avoid foods such as chocolate, granola, oatmeal, and beans. Whilst systemic elicitation of ACD in individuals sensitized by direct skin contact is well documented for a small proportion of nickel-sensitized individuals, there exists some controversy about the ability to sensitize individuals when nickel exposure is oral, intravenous, or inhaled. Only about 1-10% of dietary nickel is absorbed by the body. Average daily-ingested intake of nickel is about 200 micrograms. A few studies have shown that nickel-sensitive individuals orally given greater than 5,000 micrograms nickel (as NiSO) as a single dose had a nickel ACD response. While such exposures are in excess of those encountered in normal diets, some researchers suggest that dietary control of nickel intake may help in the ongoing treatment of nickel ACD caused by other sources. These researchers have correctly identified foods high in nickel content (e.g., nuts, chocolate, beans), but they have sometimes incorrectly advocated the avoidance of cutlery, bowls, etc. made from stainless steel, which do not release significant amounts of nickel.

text: The capital of Colombia, Bogota, is the largest urban center of the country and one of the biggest city in Latin America as it contains 6.5 million people. Bogota also has the highest rate of air pollution in Colombia and it has surged most recently as a result of the expansion of cars in the city. Air pollution has been monitored in Bogota since 1967, but it was not until 1990 that monitors were widely spread through the city. A study conducted by the Secretary of Health of the District in collaboration with the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) concluded that 70% of air pollution is attributed to vehicles, it was also identified that bricks, battery plants and others were crucial pollution sources as well. This study concluded a nexus between air pollution and respiratory health by relating air pollutants with the number of daily respiratory admissions. Statistics from the Secretary of Health demonstrated that between 1998 and 1999 about 9.6% of visits to hospitals were related to respiratory issues this percentage was higher for infant visits to the doctor associated to Acute Respiratory Illnesses 24.3%. Monitoring stations reveal that half of the areas with monitoring stations are surpass emission limits considered safe by the WHO, Particulate Matter (PM10) and ozone levels are the leading problem.

text: The BZgA has the task of promoting the willingness of citizens to act responsibly to meet their health needs and to use the health care system properly. The main focuses of the BZgA are AIDS prevention, sex education, drug abuse prevention for both legal and illegal drugs, child and youth health, healthy eating and organ donation. In addition, the Federal Centre for Health Education performs studies and investigations in order to improve their educational work. The studies are published regularly.

text: The BZgA has the task of promoting the willingness of citizens to act responsibly to meet their health needs and to use the health care system properly. The main focuses of the BZgA are

text: AIDS prevention

text: sex education

text: drug abuse prevention

text: for both legal and illegal drugs,

text: child and youth health

text: healthy eating

text: and

text: organ donation

text: . In addition, the Federal Centre for Health Education performs studies and investigations in order to improve their educational work. The studies are published regularly.

text: Anthony "Tony" Moran is a two-time Grammy nominated remixer/producer/singer-songwriter and DJ known for remixing popular songs. In 2007, he hit number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart twice with "Walk Away" featuring Kristine W and "Keep Your Body Working" featuring Martha Wash. As a remix producer Moran has worked with top dance/pop artists including Rihanna, Mariah Carey, Madonna, Neyo, and many others.  Other singles as a solo artist is the dance anthem "If I Was Your Boyfriend" performed with Anastacia, and his most recent hit, "Free People", his second hit with Martha Wash, went to number one on the US dance chart.

text: Anthony "Tony" Moran is a two-time Grammy nominated

text: remixer

text: producer

text: singer-songwriter

text: and

text: DJ

text: known for remixing popular songs. In 2007, he hit number one on the

text: U.S.

text: Billboard

text: Hot Dance Club Play

text: chart twice with "

text: Walk Away

text: " featuring

text: Kristine W

text: and "

text: Keep Your Body Working

text: " featuring

text: Martha Wash

text: . As a remix producer Moran has worked with top dance/pop artists including Rihanna, Mariah Carey, Madonna, Neyo, and many others.  Other singles as a solo artist is the dance anthem "If I Was Your Boyfriend" performed with

text: Anastacia

text: , and his most recent hit, "Free People", his second hit with Martha Wash, went to number one on the US dance chart.

text: Vespula atropilosa only forage for live prey and are not scavengers like other wasps. When in screenhouses, workers will also forage for vegetation growing in the screenhouse. Workers in screenhouses often steal captured prey from each other even when there is no shortage of prey. Theft occurs while workers cut up prey before taking it back to the nest. After prey has been caught, workers fly off quickly so they can maxlate the prey. This behavior might be adaptive since it takes successful workers away from the site of capture and avoids further contact with other workers. Prey theft occurs when V. atropilosa are confined in screenhouses but not when they are foraging in their natural habitat.

text: Vespula atropilosa only

text: forage

text: for live

text: prey

text: and are not

text: scavenger

text: s like other wasps. When in screenhouses, workers will also forage for vegetation growing in the screenhouse. Workers in screenhouses often steal captured prey from each other even when there is no shortage of prey. Theft occurs while workers cut up prey before taking it back to the nest. After prey has been caught, workers fly off quickly so they can

text: maxlate

text: the prey. This behavior might be adaptive since it takes successful workers away from the site of capture and avoids further contact with other workers. Prey theft occurs when V. atropilosa are confined in screenhouses but not when they are foraging in their natural habitat.

text: 'Over-training Syndrome' is a term that has been used to describe athletes who, while training for competition, train beyond the body's ability to recover naturally. Common warning signs include tiredness, soreness, drop in performance, headaches, and loss of enthusiasm. Without adequate rest and recovery, training regimens can backfire, eventually harming an athlete's performance.  Over-training can also be associated with eating disorders; athletes can turn to excessive exercise in order to lose weight.  In cases where athletes are over-training, the most effective treatment is rest and proper nutrition.

text: 'Over-training Syndrome' is a term that has been used to describe athletes who, while training for competition, train beyond the body's ability to recover naturally. Common warning signs include tiredness, soreness, drop in performance, headaches, and loss of enthusiasm. Without adequate rest and recovery, training regimens can backfire, eventually harming an athlete's performance.  Over-training can also be associated with

text: eating disorders

text: ; athletes can turn to excessive exercise in order to lose weight.  In cases where athletes are over-training, the most effective treatment is rest and proper nutrition.

text: eating— eating disorders— enzyme— entomophagy— environmental vegetarianism— essential nutrient— ethics— exercise

text: eating

text: eating disorders

text: enzyme

text: entomophagy

text: environmental vegetarianism

text: essential nutrient

text: ethics

text: exercise

text: After a very short time the members of TISM are depicted as being quite fatigued with the exercise routine and take a rest - some members bring in a couch to sit on and a television to watch, meanwhile another member brings an esky of beer and a football is introduced, with some members playing a makeshift game of Australian football. All the while, the exercisers continue their work-out routine.

text: After a very short time the members of TISM are depicted as being quite fatigued with the exercise routine and take a rest - some members bring in a couch to sit on and a television to watch, meanwhile another member brings an

text: esky

text: of beer and a football is introduced, with some members playing a makeshift game of Australian football. All the while, the exercisers continue their work-out routine.

text: Societies that traditionally eat cassava generally understand that some processing (soaking, cooking, fermentation, etc.) is necessary to avoid getting sick.

text: The U.S. CDC does not recommend use of face masks or respirators in non-health care settings, such as schools, workplaces, or public places, with a few exceptions: people who are ill with the virus when around other people, and people who are at risk for severe illness while caring for someone with the flu. There has been some disagreement about the value of wearing facial masks, some experts fearing that masks may give people a false sense of security and should not replace other standard precautions. Masks may benefit people in close contact with infected persons, but it is unknown whether they prevent H1N1 flu infection. Yukihiro Nishiyama, professor of virology at Nagoya University's School of Medicine, commented that the masks are "better than nothing, but it's hard to completely block out an airborne virus since it can easily slip through the gaps".According to mask manufacturer 3M, masks will filter out particles in industrial settings, but "there are no established exposure limits for biological agents such as swine flu virus". However, despite the lack of evidence of effectiveness, the use of such masks is common in Asia. They are particularly popular in Japan, where cleanliness and hygiene are highly valued and where etiquette obligates those who are sick to wear masks to avoid spreading disease.

text: The U.S. CDC does not recommend use of face masks or

text: respirator

text: s in non-health care settings, such as schools, workplaces, or public places, with a few exceptions: people who are ill with the virus when around other people, and people who are at risk for severe illness while caring for someone with the flu. There has been some disagreement about the value of wearing facial masks, some experts fearing that masks may give people a false sense of security and should not replace other standard precautions. Masks may benefit people in close contact with infected persons, but it is unknown whether they prevent H1N1 flu infection. Yukihiro Nishiyama, professor of virology at

text: Nagoya University

text: 's School of Medicine, commented that the masks are "better than nothing, but it's hard to completely block out an airborne virus since it can easily slip through the gaps".According to mask manufacturer

text: , masks will filter out

text: particles

text: in industrial settings, but "there are no established exposure limits for

text: biological agent

text: s such as swine flu virus". However, despite the lack of evidence of effectiveness, the use of such masks is common in Asia. They are particularly popular in Japan, where cleanliness and hygiene are highly valued and where etiquette obligates those who are sick to wear masks to avoid spreading disease.

text: Health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), recommend breastfeeding exclusively for six months. This means that no other foods or drinks other than possibly vitamin D are typically given. After the introduction of foods at six months of age, recommendations include continued breastfeeding until at least one to two years of age. Globally about 38% of infants are only breastfed during their first six months of life. In the United States, about 75% of women begin breastfeeding and about 13% only breastfeed until the age of six months. Medical conditions that do not allow breastfeeding are rare. Mothers who take certain recreational drugs and medications should not breastfeed. Smoking, limited intake of alcohol, and coffee are not reasons to avoid breastfeeding.

text: Health organizations, including the

text: World Health Organization

text: (WHO), recommend breastfeeding exclusively for six months. This means that no other foods or drinks other than possibly

text: vitamin D

text: are typically given. After the introduction of foods at six months of age, recommendations include continued breastfeeding until at least one to two years of age. Globally about 38% of infants are only breastfed during their first six months of life. In the United States, about 75% of women begin breastfeeding and about 13% only breastfeed until the age of six months. Medical conditions that do not allow breastfeeding are rare. Mothers who take certain

text: recreational drugs

text: and medications should not breastfeed. Smoking, limited intake of alcohol, and coffee are not reasons to avoid breastfeeding.

text: The challenge of managing the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic (November 2002 to June 2003) is often credited with further motivating the government to take aggressive policy action on HIV-related issues. SARS showed not only how infectious diseases could threaten economic and social stability but also the effect of China's policies on international health problems. Policymakers announced a change of focus from purely economic goals to increasing the focus on health and social wellbeing and, as a result, increased support for public health agencies. In controlling SARS, contact between the government and international agencies such as WHO, UN, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was essential and further stimulated stronger international collaboration for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. Intervention strategies necessary for SARS control have been translated into HIV/AIDS prevention – e.g., real-time electronic case reporting.

text: The challenge of managing the

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) epidemic (November 2002 to June 2003) is often credited with further motivating the government to take aggressive policy action on HIV-related issues. SARS showed not only how

text: infectious diseases

text: could threaten economic and social stability but also the effect of China's policies on international health problems. Policymakers announced a change of focus from purely economic goals to increasing the focus on health and social wellbeing and, as a result, increased support for public health agencies. In controlling SARS, contact between the government and international agencies such as WHO, UN, and the

entity_name: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: was essential and further stimulated stronger international collaboration for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. Intervention strategies necessary for SARS control have been translated into HIV/AIDS prevention – e.g., real-time electronic case reporting.

text: The University of Houston conducted a pilot test of SAPPHIRE in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in the fall of 2005, which devastated the populations and infrastructures of southern Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama and Texas. Implemented swiftly within hours of mass evacuations, the SAPPHIRE system successfully monitored and analyzed public health information for the usage of government officials and services, who feared outbreaks of epidemics. Officials used hand-held computers to gather data from the evacuees and transmit directly to the SAPPHIRE database. SAPPHIRE was specifically used to analyze the health of the evacuees at the Astrodome, Reliant Park and the George R. Brown Convention Center. A PDA extension of SAPPHIRE enabled more than 300 volunteers, led by the UT School of Public Health, to collect and analyze critical health data. SAPPHIRE gathered information from nearly 9,000 confidential patient cases of the past to help services respond to the specific needs of the evacuees, helping to identify environment-specific vulnerabilities, prevalence and conditions for diseases and epidemics. SAPPHIRE was recorded to have assisted in identifying outbreaks of gastrointestinal, respiratory diseases and conjunctivitis much sooner than previously possible.

text: The University of Houston conducted a pilot test of SAPPHIRE in the aftermath of

text: Hurricane Katrina

text: in the fall of 2005, which devastated the populations and infrastructures of southern

text: Mississippi

text: Louisiana

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Texas

text: . Implemented swiftly within hours of mass evacuations, the SAPPHIRE system successfully monitored and analyzed public health information for the usage of government officials and services, who feared outbreaks of epidemics. Officials used hand-held computers to gather data from the evacuees and transmit directly to the SAPPHIRE database. SAPPHIRE was specifically used to analyze the health of the evacuees at the

text: Astrodome

text: Reliant Park

text: and the

text: George R. Brown Convention Center

text: . A PDA extension of SAPPHIRE enabled more than 300 volunteers, led by the UT School of Public Health, to collect and analyze critical health data. SAPPHIRE gathered information from nearly 9,000 confidential patient cases of the past to help services respond to the specific needs of the evacuees, helping to identify environment-specific vulnerabilities, prevalence and conditions for diseases and epidemics. SAPPHIRE was recorded to have assisted in identifying outbreaks of

text: gastrointestinal

text: respiratory

text: diseases and

text: conjunctivitis

text: much sooner than previously possible.

text: This serial marks the final appearance of the wood-panelled secondary TARDIS console room. The audio story Empathy Games gives a possible explanation for its loss. This story reveals the Doctor's immunity to the vocal-altering effects of helium. The Doctor explains this by saying to Leela, "You know, two hearts, respiratory bypass system".

text: This serial marks the final appearance of the wood-panelled secondary TARDIS console room. The audio story

text: Empathy Games

text: gives a possible explanation for its loss. This story reveals the Doctor's immunity to the vocal-altering effects of

text: helium

text: . The Doctor explains this by saying to Leela, "You know, two hearts, respiratory bypass system".

text: Coughing may be caused by air pollution including tobacco smoke, particulate matter, irritant gases, and dampness in a home.The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.  Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's health status and genetics.  People who exercise outdoors on hot, smoggy days, for example, increase their exposure to pollutants in the air.

text: Coughing may be caused by

text: air pollution

text: including

text: tobacco smoke

text: , particulate matter, irritant gases, and dampness in a home.The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.  Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's health status and genetics.  People who exercise outdoors on hot, smoggy days, for example, increase their exposure to pollutants in the air.

text: Survival in the game's environments includes blending in with the surroundings and people, while exploring homes and buildings to acquire items, melee weapons and sustenance, along with completing tasks, some important, that range from investigating something suspicious, repairing an item in the environment, to assisting one of the locals, with players having access to a journal to keep track of tasks (referred to as "Encounters") that they have found in the environment along with in-game lore, documents and crafting recipes, and a map that highlights places of importance as well as areas connected to active Encounters. As characters works explore, scavenge, fight and solve problems, they will slowly become tired, hungry and thirsty, represented by on-screen icons and a status menu screen, and will need to rest, eat and drink respectively to avoid suffering from negative effects; being exhausted, for example, reduces the amount of stamina they have for physical exertion. Eating contaminated food and water can sometimes confer negative effects, such as food poisoning, which has to be treated before it gets worse, while certain items found in the game can confer a small positive effect for the rest of the playthrough, such as being less detectable when sneaking or doing more damage in combat. Players can rest in beds in the environment, but more safely in underground safehouses found across the city, of which one is available for use at the start of a playthrough and others must be located when going further afield.

text: In Senegal the culture is very centered around the idea of family. This even includes the way that they eat. When it is time to eat a typical meal someone will say "kai" or "kai lek" which means to come eat. Everyone will come together and sit around the plate and eat with their hands. Some famous dishes include Tiéboudienne and Yassa. The etiquette of people in Dakar is very simple but very vital. To not greet someone upon sight is to portray rudeness and oftentimes ignorance. Due to French colonialism the children of Dakar have a unique school system. The school will get a break at about midday and return home to get some rest. Since the population is majority Muslim daily activities such as going to the mosque at noon prayer and attending the mosque on Fridays. Music has a big influence on the youth with famous artists like Daara J Family who use their voice to represent the problems in their communities.

text: Taubes states in the book that it's not about fat people eating too much and exercising too little or skinny people eating well and exercising a lot.  In hunter-gather time periods, humans' lives were spent finding food so when they found a surplus the human body would go into storage mode.  Today we don't have the problem of finding food yet our body is still set up to eat as much as possible and store as much as possible for famine times.  This leads to excess weight to be put on.  Taubes compares getting fat to smoking cigarettes: "Not every long-term smoker gets lung cancer — in fact, only a minority do — but among people with lung cancer, smoking is by far the most common cause.  In a world without cigarettes, lung cancer would be a rare disease, as it once was," he writes. "In a world without carbohydrate-rich diets, obesity would be a rare condition as well."

text: The main advantage of qualitative fit test methods is the extremely low cost of equipment, but their main drawback is their moderate precision, and that they cannot be used to fit test tight-fitting respirators that are intended for use in atmospheres which exceed 10 PEL (due to the low sensitivity). To reduce the risk of erroneous use of a respirator with poor fit (which may cause damage to health) the mask needs to have a sufficiently high fitting characteristic. But this means that one must check out different masks to find the "most reliable" test, although in many cases "not sufficiently reliable" masks were recognized as such by mistake (because of insufficient accuracy of ONFT or OLFT tests). Re-checks require time and increase costs for respiratory protection. In 2001, the most commonly used QLFT was irritant smoke and saccharin, but in 2004, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) advised that fit tester stop using irritant smoke.

text: The main advantage of qualitative fit test methods is the extremely low cost of equipment, but their main drawback is their moderate precision, and that they cannot be used to fit test tight-fitting respirators that are intended for use in atmospheres which exceed 10

text: PEL

text: (due to the low sensitivity). To reduce the risk of erroneous use of a respirator with poor fit (which may cause damage to health) the mask needs to have a sufficiently high fitting characteristic. But this means that one must check out different masks to find the "most reliable" test, although in many cases "not sufficiently reliable" masks were recognized as such by mistake (because of insufficient accuracy of ONFT or OLFT tests). Re-checks require time and increase costs for respiratory protection. In 2001, the most commonly used QLFT was irritant smoke and saccharin, but in 2004, the

entity_name: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

text: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

text: (NIOSH) advised that fit tester stop using irritant smoke.

text: Health systems can vary substantially from country to country, and in the last few years, comparisons have been made on an international basis. The World Health Organization, in its World Health Report 2000, provided a ranking of health systems around the world according to criteria of the overall level and distribution of health in the populations, and the responsiveness and fair financing of health care services. The goals for health systems, according to the WHO's World Health Report 2000 – Health systems: improving performance (WHO, 2000), are good health, responsiveness to the expectations of the population, and fair financial contribution. There have been several debates around the results of this WHO exercise, and especially based on the country ranking linked to it, insofar as it appeared to depend mostly on the choice of the retained indicators.

text: Health systems can vary substantially from country to country, and in the last few years, comparisons have been made on an international basis. The

text: World Health Organization

text: , in its

text: World Health Report 2000

text: , provided a

entity_name: World Health Organization ranking of health systems in 2000

text: ranking of health systems

text: around the world according to criteria of the overall level and distribution of

text: health

text: in the populations, and the responsiveness and fair financing of health care services. The goals for health systems, according to the WHO's World Health Report 2000 – Health systems: improving performance (WHO, 2000), are good health, responsiveness to the expectations of the population, and fair financial contribution. There have been several debates around the results of this WHO exercise, and especially based on the country

text: ranking

text: linked to it, insofar as it appeared to depend mostly on the choice of the retained

text: indicators

text: After 1923, he was interested in research to disclose the effects of habits of living on health and well-being. "Habits of living" include eating, drinking, exercising, fatigue, rest, relaxation, smoking and various emotional states. In later years his interest centered on interrelationship of mind and body with emphasis on mental health and "total fitness." A good deal of his scholarly work was directed toward interpreting the findings of research for the average practitioner in physical education—a kind of "middleman" function. There are occasional internet references to Steinhaus' "Peripheral Heart Action" system of circuit-style training (exact reference lacking). It is also possible that Bob Gajda, a Mr America/Mr Universe title holder in the 1960s used this system of exercise and bodybuilding (citation needed).

text: After 1923, he was interested in research to disclose the effects of habits of living on health and well-being. "Habits of living" include eating, drinking, exercising, fatigue, rest, relaxation, smoking and various emotional states. In later years his interest centered on interrelationship of mind and body with emphasis on mental health and "total fitness." A good deal of his scholarly work was directed toward interpreting the findings of research for the average practitioner in physical education—a kind of "middleman" function. There are occasional internet references to Steinhaus' "

text: Peripheral Heart Action

text: " system of circuit-style training (exact reference lacking). It is also possible that

text: Bob Gajda

text: , a Mr America/Mr Universe title holder in the 1960s used this system of exercise and bodybuilding (citation needed).

text: Vizslas are excellent swimmers. Some may need a little motivation to get in the water but as they get used to it they will love it. Like all hunting dogs, Vizslas require a great deal of exercise to remain healthy and happy.

text: Vizslas are excellent swimmers. Some may need a little motivation to get in the water but as they get used to it they will love it. Like all

text: hunting dog

text: s, Vizslas require a great deal of exercise to remain healthy and happy.

text: Flu and respiratory tract infection are lessened in groups which use frequent hand washing, but the actual pathway through which the diseases spread is unclear except for the fact that hand washing disrupts disease transmission.

text: Flu and respiratory tract infection are lessened in groups which use frequent

text: hand washing

text: , but the actual pathway through which the diseases spread is unclear except for the fact that hand washing disrupts disease transmission.

text: Through a nasal cannula a high-flow system delivers flows that approach (and can meet) total respiratory demand.  This flow, being delivered though a small diameter delivery system and small-bore nasal cannula allows the flow that would traditionally move slowly through the upper airway to move quickly and maintain a constant stream of fresh gas which effectively washes out upper airway dead space.

text: Styrene is regarded as a "hazardous chemical", especially in case of eye contact, but also in case of skin contact, of ingestion and of inhalation, according to several sources. Styrene is largely metabolized into styrene oxide in humans, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450. Styrene oxide is considered toxic, mutagenic, and possibly carcinogenic. Styrene oxide is subsequently hydrolyzed in vivo to styrene glycol by the enzyme epoxide hydrolase.  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has described styrene to be "a suspected toxin to the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and respiratory system, among others". On 10 June 2011, the U.S. National Toxicology Program has described styrene as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". However, a STATS author describes a review that was done on scientific literature and concluded that "The available epidemiologic evidence does not support a causal relationship between styrene exposure and any type of human cancer".  Despite this claim, work has been done by Danish researchers to investigate the relationship between occupational exposure to styrene and cancer. They concluded, "The findings have to be interpreted with caution, due to the company based exposure assessment, but the possible association between exposures in the reinforced plastics industry, mainly styrene, and degenerative disorders of the nervous system and pancreatic cancer, deserves attention". The Danish EPA recently concluded that the styrene data do not support a cancer concern for styrene.

text: Styrene is regarded as a "

text: hazardous chemical

text: ", especially in case of eye contact, but also in case of skin contact, of ingestion and of inhalation, according to several sources. Styrene is largely metabolized into

text: styrene oxide

text: in humans, resulting from oxidation by

text: cytochrome P450

text: Styrene oxide

text: is considered

text: toxic

text: mutagenic

text: , and possibly

text: carcinogenic

text: . Styrene oxide is subsequently hydrolyzed in vivo to styrene glycol by the enzyme

text: epoxide hydrolase

text: .  The

entity_name: United States Environmental Protection Agency

text: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

text: (EPA) has described styrene to be "a suspected toxin to the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and respiratory system, among others". On 10 June 2011, the

text: U.S. National Toxicology Program

text: has described styrene as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". However, a

text: STATS

text: author describes a review that was done on scientific literature and concluded that "The available epidemiologic evidence does not support a causal relationship between styrene exposure and any type of human cancer".  Despite this claim, work has been done by Danish researchers to investigate the relationship between occupational exposure to styrene and cancer. They concluded, "The findings have to be interpreted with caution, due to the company based exposure assessment, but the possible association between exposures in the reinforced

text: plastics industry

text: , mainly styrene, and degenerative disorders of the nervous system and pancreatic cancer, deserves attention". The

text: Danish EPA

text: recently concluded that the styrene data do not support a cancer concern for styrene.

text: In Philippines Respiratory Therapists are clinicians who have been awarded at minimum a Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Care degree.  Licenses to practice respiratory care are regulated by the Professional Regulatory Board of Respiratory Therapy and Professional Regulation Commission which is established and legally maintained by the Philippine Respiratory Therapy Act (Republic Act No.  10024).

text: In

text: Philippines

text: Respiratory Therapists are clinicians who have been awarded at minimum a

text: Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Care

text: degree.  Licenses to practice respiratory care are regulated by the Professional Regulatory Board of Respiratory Therapy and Professional Regulation Commission which is established and legally maintained by the

text: Philippine Respiratory Therapy Act

text: (Republic Act No.  10024).

text: In the hand washing made for eating bread, the custom differs insofar that one takes-up the vessel in his right hand and begins by pouring out water in abundance over his left hand. He then takes-up the vessel in his left hand and pours out water in abundance over his right hand. In this case (for eating bread), it is not necessary to wash the hands three times, intermittently, as is customarily done in the morning. Rather, one or two pours for each hand are sufficient.

text: In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition. Lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it however a challenge in developing countries to achieve universal hand washing behaviors. For example, in most of rural Africa handwashing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build handwashing stations.  However, low handwashing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.

text: In

text: developing countries

text: , hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition. Lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it however a challenge in developing countries to achieve universal hand washing behaviors. For example, in most of rural Africa handwashing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build handwashing stations.  However, low handwashing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.

text: Although the spill has resulted in anecdotal evidence of sickness experienced by coastal residents and workers involved in the cleanup, scientific evidence has been scant.  The spill differed from previous spills in that the leak was at the ocean floor rather than on the surface and the volume of oil spilled and the amount of dispersant used was unprecedented.  The Louisiana state health officer stated, "This is more than a spill. This is ongoing leakage of a chemical, and adding chemicals to stop the chemicals. We're feeling like we're in a research lab." Moreover, the proximity to populated communities, the number of potentially exposed workers and community members, and the duration of the spill were far greater than any previously studied oil spills. Of more than 40 prior major oil spills, only 8 led to studies of health effects and only two of them included any long-term follow-up.  According to the researchers at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, early data from the two long-term studies "suggested that respiratory and genotoxicity effects were important to capture, as well as mental health outcomes commonly associated with disasters of this scale."

text: Although the spill has resulted in anecdotal evidence of sickness experienced by coastal residents and workers involved in the cleanup, scientific evidence has been scant.  The spill differed from previous spills in that the leak was at the ocean floor rather than on the surface and the volume of oil spilled and the amount of dispersant used was unprecedented.  The Louisiana state health officer stated, "This is more than a spill. This is ongoing leakage of a chemical, and adding chemicals to stop the chemicals. We're feeling like we're in a research lab." Moreover, the proximity to populated communities, the number of potentially exposed workers and community members, and the duration of the spill were far greater than any previously studied oil spills. Of more than 40 prior major oil spills, only 8 led to studies of health effects and only two of them included any long-term follow-up.  According to the researchers at the

entity_name: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

text: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

text: , early data from the two long-term studies "suggested that respiratory and genotoxicity effects were important to capture, as well as mental health outcomes commonly associated with disasters of this scale."

text: 2,5-Dimethylfuran has been identified as one of the components of cigar smoke with low cilatoxicity (ability to adversely affect the cilia in the respiratory tract that are responsible for removing foreign particles). Its blood concentration can be used as a biomarker for smoking.

text: 2,5-Dimethylfuran has been identified as one of the components of

text: cigar

text: smoke

text: with low cilatoxicity (ability to adversely affect the

text: cilia

text: in the

text: respiratory tract

text: that are responsible for removing foreign particles). Its blood concentration can be used as a

text: biomarker

text: for

text: smoking

text: Illness is described as the manifested mental or physical consequence brought on by a disruption of patient harmony. Some causes of this disruption include taboo transgression, excessive behavior, improper animal contact, improper ceremony conduction, or contact with malignant entities including spirits, skin-walkers and witches. Breaking taboos is believed to be acting against the principles devised by the Holy People that withhold personal harmony with the environment.There are some cases in which illness is merely the result of accident. Personal injury or illness can be the error from lack of judgment or unintentional contact with harmful creatures of nature.Illness can also be brought on by malevolent practitioners of negative medicine. This belief in hóchxǫ́, translated as "chaos" or "sickness", is the opposite of hózhǫ́ and helps to explain why people, who are intended to be in harmony, perform actions counter to their ideals, thus reinforcing the need for healing practices as means of balance and restoration. Those who practice witchcraft include shape shifters who intend to use spiritual power and ceremony to acquire wealth, seduce lovers, harm enemies and rivals.Ill health is also believed to be brought upon by chindi (ghost) who can bring about a kind of ghost sickness that leads others to death.

text: Illness is described as the manifested mental or physical consequence brought on by a disruption of patient harmony. Some causes of this disruption include taboo transgression, excessive behavior, improper animal contact, improper ceremony conduction, or contact with malignant entities including spirits,

text: skin-walkers

text: and

text: witches

text: . Breaking taboos is believed to be acting against the principles devised by the

text: Holy People

text: that withhold personal harmony with the environment.There are some cases in which illness is merely the result of accident. Personal injury or illness can be the error from lack of judgment or unintentional contact with harmful creatures of nature.Illness can also be brought on by malevolent practitioners of negative medicine. This belief in hóchxǫ́, translated as "chaos" or "sickness", is the opposite of hózhǫ́ and helps to explain why people, who are intended to be in harmony, perform actions counter to their ideals, thus reinforcing the need for healing practices as means of balance and restoration. Those who practice witchcraft include shape shifters who intend to use spiritual power and ceremony to acquire wealth, seduce lovers, harm enemies and rivals.Ill health is also believed to be brought upon by

text: chindi

text: (ghost) who can bring about a kind of

text: ghost sickness

text: that leads others to death.

text: Malignant tumors of the respiratory system, particularly primary carcinomas of the lung, are a major health problem responsible for 15% of all cancer diagnoses and 30% of all cancer deaths. The majority of respiratory system cancers are attributable to smoking tobacco.

text: Malignant tumors of the respiratory system, particularly

text: primary carcinomas of the lung

text: , are a major health problem responsible for 15% of all cancer diagnoses and 30% of all cancer deaths. The majority of respiratory system cancers are attributable to smoking

text: tobacco

text: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for magnesite exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.

text: The

entity_name: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

text: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

text: (OSHA) has set the legal limit (

text: permissible exposure limit

text: ) for magnesite exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The

text: (NIOSH) has set a

text: recommended exposure limit

text: (REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.

text: 2. Whoever goes to the doctor for no reason or after reporting sick, fails to visit the doctor promptly, moreover, whoever goes to the doctor or dentist or infirmiry without the knowledge of the ward leader.

text: The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, and not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in the presence of a pet dog, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety. Other health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimulating microorganisms, which, according to the hygiene hypothesis, can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases. The benefits of contact with a dog also include social support, as dogs are able to not only provide companionship and social support themselves, but also to act as facilitators of social interactions between humans. One study indicated that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog than when they are not. In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners.

text: The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, and not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in the presence of a pet dog, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety. Other health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimulating microorganisms, which, according to the

text: hygiene hypothesis

text: , can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases. The benefits of contact with a dog also include social support, as dogs are able to not only provide companionship and social support themselves, but also to act as facilitators of social interactions between humans. One study indicated that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog than when they are not. In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners.

text: Anosmia can be diagnosed by doctors by using acetylcysteine tests. Doctors will begin with a detailed elicitation of history. Then the doctor will ask for any related injuries in relation to anosmia which could include upper respiratory infections or head injury. Psychophysical Assessment of order and taste identification can be used to identify anosmia. A nervous system examination is performed to see if the cranial nerves are damaged. The diagnosis as well as the degree of impairment can now be tested much more efficiently and effectively than ever before thanks to "smell testing kits" that have been made available as well as screening tests which use materials that most clinics would readily have. Occasionally, after accidents, there is a change in a patient's sense of smell. Particular smells that were present before are no longer present. On occasion, after head traumas, there are patients who have unilateral anosmia. The sense of smell should be tested individually in each nostril.

text: Anosmia can be diagnosed by doctors by using

text: acetylcysteine

text: tests. Doctors will begin with a detailed elicitation of history. Then the doctor will ask for any related injuries in relation to anosmia which could include upper respiratory infections or head injury. Psychophysical Assessment of order and taste identification can be used to identify anosmia. A nervous system examination is performed to see if the cranial nerves are damaged. The diagnosis as well as the degree of impairment can now be tested much more efficiently and effectively than ever before thanks to "smell testing kits" that have been made available as well as screening tests which use materials that most clinics would readily have. Occasionally, after accidents, there is a change in a patient's sense of smell. Particular smells that were present before are no longer present. On occasion, after head traumas, there are patients who have unilateral anosmia. The sense of smell should be tested individually in each nostril.

text: Writer Megan Kearns agrees with Joy's argument that the system of carnism is at odds with democracy, but takes issue with Joy blaming the system rather than the people who make carnist choices: "[The] way we as a society envision eating and animals is contradictory and insidious.  Yet it seems incongruous to blame the system and simultaneously hold people accountable to awaken their consciences and exercise their free will."  Kearns also notes that not only are there many empathic people who choose to eat meat, but many vegetarians who base their diet on health, not moral reasons.

text: The Seven Countries Study was formally started in fall 1958 in Yugoslavia. In total, 12,763 males, 40–59 years of age, were enrolled in seven countries, in four regions of the world (United States, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Japan). One cohort is in the United States, two cohorts in Finland, one in the Netherlands, three in Italy, five in Yugoslavia (two in Croatia, and three in Serbia), two in Greece, and two in Japan. The entry examinations were performed between 1958 and 1964 with an average participation rate of 90%, lowest in the USA, with 75% and highest in one of the Japanese cohorts, with 100%. Keys' book Eat Well and Stay Well popularized the supplementary idea that reducing the amount of saturated fat in the diet would reduce cholesterol levels and the risks of serious diseases due to atheroma. Keys was followed during the rest of the 20th century by an accumulation of work that repeatedly demonstrated associations between cholesterol levels (and other modifiable risk factors including smoking and exercise) and risks of heart disease. These led to the acceptance of the lipid hypothesis as orthodoxy by much of the medical community;

text: The Seven Countries Study was formally started in fall 1958 in

text: Yugoslavia

text: . In total, 12,763 males, 40–59 years of age, were enrolled in seven countries, in four regions of the world (United States, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Japan). One cohort is in the United States, two cohorts in Finland, one in the Netherlands, three in Italy, five in Yugoslavia (two in Croatia, and three in Serbia), two in Greece, and two in Japan. The entry examinations were performed between 1958 and 1964 with an average participation rate of 90%, lowest in the USA, with 75% and highest in one of the Japanese cohorts, with 100%. Keys' book Eat Well and Stay Well popularized the supplementary idea that reducing the amount of

text: saturated fat

text: in the diet would reduce cholesterol levels and the risks of serious diseases due to atheroma. Keys was followed during the rest of the 20th century by an accumulation of work that repeatedly demonstrated associations between cholesterol levels (and other modifiable risk factors including smoking and exercise) and risks of heart disease. These led to the acceptance of the lipid hypothesis as orthodoxy by much of the medical community;

text: To avoid health problems caused by irradiation during the flight to Mars, it is necessary to create a prediction model of radiation risk. The model should describe the risk of radiation sickness depending on the total dose received, decreased performance which causes an acute reaction, and the possible reduction of the overall immune system resistance to the other health risks of interplanetary flight.

text: To avoid health problems caused by

text: irradiation

text: during the flight to Mars, it is necessary to create a prediction model of radiation risk. The model should describe the risk of radiation sickness depending on the total dose received, decreased performance which causes an acute reaction, and the possible reduction of the overall immune system resistance to the other health risks of interplanetary flight.

text: Early work of the institute focused on respiratory diseases, pigbel (clostridial necrotizing enteritis), and kuru. Since then, major research programs have been established in respiratory diseases, malaria, malnutrition, enteric diseases, sexual health, women's health, and others.

text: Early work of the institute focused on respiratory diseases,

text: pigbel

text: (clostridial necrotizing enteritis), and

text: kuru

text: . Since then, major research programs have been established in respiratory diseases,

text: malaria

text: malnutrition

text: , enteric diseases, sexual health, women's health, and others.

text: Narrowing the marketing further, Uptown cigarettes were to be packed with filters facing down, the reverse of the usual arrangement . Market research indicated that many blacks open packs from the bottom, possibly to avoid crushing the filters.  It was later discovered that cigarette packs were opened from the bottom for a different reason: "This phenomenon traces back at least to World War II, when cigarettes were a valued commodity among soldiers. Often a soldier temporarily without cigarettes and without funds would bum a smoke from a fellow soldier. It was impolite to refuse such a request. However, there were two occasions when a refusal was not considered impolite: if there was only one cigarette left in the pack and if the pack was not yet opened. A pack opened from the bottom and resting, as it normally did, in a shirt pocket would appear unopened. Therefore the soldier in possession of cigarettes would be able to avoid having to give too many away."

text: The second method, as described by the IARC monographs, used to measure the carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke to animals is by exposing them to mainstream cigarette smoke. The IARC monographs define mainstream cigarette smoke as that which is emitted by the mouth end of the cigarette and therefore the smoke that human smokers would be exposed to most. The IARC monographs describe the methods and equipment that scientists have developed to make more effective and standardize the deliverance of mainstream cigarette smoke. These devices vary between whole-body and nose-only exposure, but typically involve machine smoked cigarette smoke being pumped into a small chamber that contains the animal test subjects. A variety of factors differentiate the experience of a human smoker from these animal test subjects'. Human smokers inhale smoke voluntarily and therefore do so more deeply than do animal test subjects which typically adopt short, shallow breaths when exposed to smoke. The animal test subjects, primarily rodents and dogs, also have significantly morphologically different upper respiratory system from humans. Despite these variables, the doses of smoke administered to these animals can be determined by examining tissue and blood samples. Dogs, which cannot be exposed to cigarette smoke via inhalation chambers as easily as can small rodents, require different methods of cigarette smoke exposure. These methods include thracheostomy, in which smoke is pumped through a tube directly into a hole cut in the dog's throat, or through a mask fitted to the dog's face.

text: Healthcare practitioners include physicians, dentists, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, physician assistants, nurses, advanced practice registered nurses, surgeons, surgeon's assistant, athletic trainers, surgical technologist, midwives, dietitians, therapists, psychologists, chiropractors, clinical officers, social workers, phlebotomists, occupational therapists, optometrists, physical therapists, radiographers, radiotherapists, respiratory therapists, audiologists, speech pathologists, operating department practitioners, emergency medical technicians, paramedics, medical laboratory scientists, medical prosthetic technicians and a wide variety of other human resources trained to provide some type of health care service. They often work in hospitals, healthcare centres, and other service delivery points, but also in academic training, research, and administration. Some provide care and treatment services for patients in private homes. Many countries have a large number of community health workers who work outside formal healthcare institutions. Managers of healthcare services, health information technicians, and other assistive personnel and support workers are also considered a vital part of health care teams.

text: Healthcare practitioners include

text: physician

text: s,

text: dentist

text: s,

text: pharmacist

text: s,

text: pharmacy technician

text: s,

text: physician assistant

text: s,

text: nurse

text: s,

text: advanced practice registered nurse

text: s,

text: surgeons

text: surgeon's assistant

text: athletic trainer

text: s,

text: surgical technologist

text: midwives

text: dietitian

text: s,

text: therapist

text: s,

text: psychologist

text: s,

text: chiropractors

text: clinical officer

text: s,

text: social worker

text: s,

text: phlebotomists

text: occupational therapist

text: s,

text: optometrist

text: s,

text: physical therapists

text: radiographer

text: s,

text: radiotherapist

text: s,

text: respiratory therapist

text: s,

text: audiologist

text: s,

text: speech pathologist

text: s,

text: operating department practitioners

text: emergency medical technician

text: s,

text: paramedic

text: s,

text: medical laboratory scientist

text: s, medical prosthetic technicians and a wide variety of other

text: human resources

text: trained to provide some type of health care service. They often work in hospitals, healthcare centres, and other service delivery points, but also in academic training, research, and administration. Some provide care and treatment services for patients in private homes. Many countries have a large number of

text: community health worker

text: s who work outside formal healthcare institutions.

text: Managers of healthcare services

text: health information technicians

text: , and other

text: assistive personnel

text: and support workers are also considered a vital part of health care teams.

text: Bio-Fluid Dynamics, may be considered as the discipline of biological engineering or biomedical engineering in which the fundamental principles of fluid dynamics are used to explain the mechanisms of biological flows and their interrelationships with physiological processes, in health and in diseases/disorder. It can be considered as the conjuncture of mechanical engineering and biological engineering. It spans from cells to organs, covering diverse aspects of functionality of systemic physiology, including cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, musculoskeletal and neurological systems etc. Bio fluid dynamics and its simulations through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) apply to both internal as well as external flows. Internal flows such as cardiovascular blood flow and respiratory airflow, and external flows such as flying and aquatic locomotion (i.e., swimming). Biological fluid Dynamics (or Bio fluid Dynamics) involves the study of the motion of biological fluids  (e.g. blood flow in arteries, animal flight, fish swimming, etc.). It can be either circulatory system or respiratory systems. Understanding the circulatory system is one of the major areas of research . The respiratory system is very closely linked to the circulatory system and is very complex to study and understand. The study of Bio fluid Dynamics is also directed towards finding solutions to some of the human body related diseases and disorders. The usefulness of the subject can also be understood by seeing the use of Bio fluid Dynamics in the areas of physiology in order to explain how living things work and about their motions, in developing an understanding of the origins and development of various diseases related to human body and diagnosing them, in finding the cure for the diseases related to cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.

text: Aside from these ambient allergens, allergic reactions can result from foods, insect stings, and reactions to medications like aspirin and antibiotics such as penicillin. Symptoms of food allergy include abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, diarrhea, itchy skin, and swelling of the skin during hives. Food allergies rarely cause respiratory (asthmatic) reactions, or rhinitis. Insect stings, antibiotics, and certain medicines produce a systemic allergic response that is also called anaphylaxis; multiple organ systems can be affected, including the digestive system, the respiratory system, and the circulatory system. Depending on the rate of severity, it can cause a skin reactions, bronchoconstriction, swelling, low blood pressure, coma, and death. This type of reaction can be triggered suddenly, or the onset can be delayed. The nature of anaphylaxis is such that the reaction can seem to be subsiding, but may recur throughout a period of time.

text: Aside from these ambient allergens, allergic reactions can result from

text: food

text: s,

text: insect stings

text: , and reactions to

text: medication

text: s like

text: aspirin

text: and

text: antibiotic

text: s such as

text: penicillin

text: . Symptoms of food allergy include

text: abdominal pain

text: bloating

text: , vomiting,

text: diarrhea

text: itch

text: y skin, and

text: swelling of the skin during hives

text: . Food allergies rarely cause

text: respiratory

text: (asthmatic) reactions, or

text: rhinitis

text: . Insect stings, antibiotics, and certain medicines produce a systemic allergic response that is also called

text: anaphylaxis

text: ; multiple organ systems can be affected, including the

text: digestive system

text: , the

text: respiratory system

text: , and the

text: circulatory system

text: . Depending on the rate of severity, it can cause a skin reactions, bronchoconstriction,

text: swelling

text: low blood pressure

text: coma

text: , and

text: death

text: . This type of reaction can be triggered suddenly, or the onset can be delayed. The nature of

text: anaphylaxis

text: is such that the reaction can seem to be subsiding, but may recur throughout a period of time.

text: Founded in 1941, College of Chiropractic offers a doctor of chiropractic degree. The College has created a clinical system, with several natural care centers, more than 150 community-based private-practice clinics, and final term preceptorship opportunities around the world. The University's public clinic system records more than 65,000 patient visits a year, making Northwestern the largest provider of natural health care services in Minnesota.

text: Those who roll their own tobacco prefer to use sheets of Rodong Sinmun—the organ of the Central Committee of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea—as rolling paper. One piece of the paper can be used to roll some 40 to 50 cigarettes. According to one defector, when a North Korean "starts to smoke the Rodong Sinmun tobacco, he cannot smoke other kinds of tobacco. I used to smoke the Rodong Sinmun tobacco, and after defection, couldn't smoke with Chinese paper tobacco due to the poor taste."

text: Those who

text: roll their own

text: tobacco prefer to use sheets of

text: Rodong Sinmun

text: —the organ of the

entity_name: Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea

text: Central Committee

text: of the ruling

text: Workers' Party of Korea

text: —as

text: rolling paper

text: . One piece of the paper can be used to roll some 40 to 50 cigarettes. According to one

text: defector

text: , when a North Korean "starts to smoke the Rodong Sinmun tobacco, he cannot smoke other kinds of tobacco. I used to smoke the Rodong Sinmun tobacco, and after defection, couldn't smoke with Chinese paper tobacco due to the poor taste."

text: There have been a  limited number of studies that have looked at the effects of smoking cannabis on the respiratory system.  Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Regular cannabis use has not been shown to cause significant abnormalities in lung function.

text: There have been a  limited number of studies that have looked at the

text: effects of smoking cannabis

text: on the respiratory system.  Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Regular cannabis use has not been shown to cause significant abnormalities in lung function.

text: As Corrina adjusts to her new role, Manny and Molly adjust to her ways too. Manny, overhearing her discussing Heaven, asks that she avoid the topic. He and Annie were atheists and he does not want Molly to believe in a god he does not believe in. Corrina does not disobey but notes that she too will just have to explain to Molly that her mother is in the bathtub instead of facing reality. Meanwhile, while watching TV, Molly sees a commercial that notes how deadly cigarettes are and watching her father smoke scares her. She begins hiding his cigarettes.

text: To prevent spread of impetigo to other people the skin and any open wounds clean should be kept clean. Care should be taken to keep fluids from an infected person away from the skin of a non-infected person. Washing hands, linens, and affected areas will lower the likelihood of contact with infected fluids. Sores should be covered with a bandage. Scratching can spread the sores; keeping nails short will reduce the chances of spreading. Infected people should avoid contact with others and eliminate sharing of clothing or linens.

text: The CLA funds medical research in Canada to find treatments and cures for lung diseases. Primarily through the Canadian Thoracic Society and Canadian Respiratory Health Professionals, they assist doctors and allied health professionals to set and maintain the highest standards in patient care, and to develop and convey new knowledge about lung diseases and treatments. The CLA's medical journal, produced in collaboration with the Canadian Thoracic Society, is the quarterly Canadian Respiratory Journal.

text: The CLA funds

text: medical research

text: in Canada to find treatments and cures for lung diseases. Primarily through the

text: Canadian Thoracic Society

text: and

text: Canadian Respiratory Health Professionals

text: , they assist doctors and allied health professionals to set and maintain the highest standards in

text: patient care

text: , and to develop and convey new knowledge about lung diseases and treatments. The CLA's medical journal, produced in collaboration with the Canadian Thoracic Society, is the quarterly Canadian Respiratory Journal.

text: When faced with the double burden of having to deal with the responsibilities of both a career as well as domestic duties, sometimes a person's health is affected. Many people faced with these circumstances have a higher chance of being sick since health and stress seem to be correlated, as stress has been implicated in up to eighty percent of all illnesses, as found by a report done by the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women. In an article that was written by a team of researchers it was found that both men and women faced with a "spillover" of work and family issues were 1.5-1.6 times more likely to have an absence due to sickness than others. Men and women in these situations have also been proven to be more likely to be faced with psychological stress and even see themselves as unhealthier than their colleagues who are not in their situation.

text: When faced with the double burden of having to deal with the responsibilities of both a career as well as domestic duties, sometimes a person's health is affected. Many people faced with these circumstances have a higher chance of being sick since health and stress seem to be correlated, as stress has been implicated in up to eighty percent of all illnesses, as found by a report done by the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women. In an article that was written by a team of researchers it was found that both men and women faced with a "spillover" of work and family issues were 1.5-1.6 times more likely to have an absence due to sickness than others. Men and women in these situations have also been proven to be more likely to be faced with

text: psychological stress

text: and even see themselves as unhealthier than their colleagues who are not in their situation.

text:
By 1922, Talcott had left the newspaper business and was working for The Hydrox Company, the largest ice cream company in Chicago.  He was described in some sources as "head of the city's largest ice-cream manufacturing concern," but he described himself in February 1922 as the company's advertising manager. He wrote an article that was published in The Soda Fountain in February 1922 urging ice cream manufacturers and vendors to adopt a sales campaign to promote winter sales of their products as an aid to good health.  Talcott wrote that "the combined ice cream interests of the country should be able in the same way to get the people, men, women and children to stand on the corners and eat ice cream in a snowstorm for the sake of improved health, increased vitality, and strengthened constitution obtainable from eating plenty of the delicious product."  Talcott went so far as to proffer several potential slogans for use in promoting winter sales.  Talcott's slogans included the following:
"HARDEN YOURSELF TO ENDURE COLD -- EAT PLENTY OF ICE CREAM
ICE CREAM IS A GREAT HARDENER -- EAT IT OFTEN ALL WINTER
ICE CREAM FOR LUNCH ON SCHOOL DAYS WILL ENABLE YOUR CHILDREN TO ENJOY THESE RUGGED, WINTRY DAYS
FIGHT COLD WITH COLD -- EAT ICE CREAM

text: Each character has a certain amount of health points, which are reduced when he or she takes damage. Wounds can be bandaged by using first aid kits. This prevents the character from bleeding and losing more health but doesn't restore health points. A wounded mercenary is given less action points proportionally to his or her wounds. Health can be restored by resting, being treated by another mercenary with 'doctor'-'patient' pair of commands or visiting a hospital. When a mercenary runs very low on health, the character falls to the ground slowly dying, unable to do anything until medically treated. If a character dies, he cannot be resurrected.

text: Each character has a certain amount of

text: health points

text: , which are reduced when he or she takes damage. Wounds can be bandaged by using first aid kits. This prevents the character from bleeding and losing more health but doesn't restore health points. A wounded mercenary is given less action points proportionally to his or her wounds. Health can be restored by resting, being treated by another mercenary with 'doctor'-'patient' pair of commands or visiting a hospital. When a mercenary runs very low on health, the character falls to the ground slowly dying, unable to do anything until medically treated. If a character dies, he cannot be resurrected.

text: If any of the above symptoms occur, it is important to contact your doctor to prevent another lapse of mitral stenosis. To ensure good health, routine doctors visits, diet, weight loss, doctor-approved exercise, and use of antibiotics in dental and other procedures are recommended.

text: A landmark report from the U.S. Surgeon General found that even the use of elaborate ventilation systems and smoking rooms fail to provide protection from the health hazards of second-hand smoke, since there is "no safe level of second-hand smoke".

text: A landmark report from the U.S. Surgeon General found that even the use of elaborate ventilation systems and smoking rooms fail to provide protection from the health hazards of

text: second-hand smoke

text: , since there is "no safe level of second-hand smoke".

text: Many centenarians manage to avoid chronic diseases even after indulging in a lifetime of serious health risks. For example, many people in the New England Centenarian Study experienced a century free of cancer or heart disease despite smoking as many as 60 cigarettes a day for 50 years. The same applies to people from Okinawa in Japan, where around half of supercentenarians had a history of smoking and one-third were regular alcohol drinkers. It is possible that these people may have had genes that protected them from the dangers of carcinogens or the random mutations that crop up naturally when cells divide.

text: Some commentators have argued that physicians have duties to serve as role models for the general public in matters of health, for example by not smoking cigarettes. Indeed, in most western nations relatively few physicians smoke, and their professional knowledge does appear to have a beneficial effect on their health and lifestyle. According to a study of male physicians, life expectancy is slightly higher for physicians (73.0 years for white and 68.7 for black) than lawyers or many other highly educated professionals. Causes of death less likely in physicians than the general population include respiratory disease (including pneumonia, pneumoconioses, COPD, but excluding emphysema and other chronic airway obstruction), alcohol-related deaths, rectosigmoidal and anal cancers, and bacterial diseases.

text: Some commentators have argued that physicians have duties to serve as role models for the general public in matters of health, for example by not smoking cigarettes. Indeed, in most western nations relatively few physicians smoke, and their professional knowledge does appear to have a beneficial effect on their health and lifestyle. According to a study of male physicians,

text: life expectancy

text: is slightly higher for physicians (73.0 years for white and 68.7 for black) than lawyers or many other highly educated professionals. Causes of death less likely in physicians than the general population include respiratory disease (including

text: pneumonia

text: pneumoconioses

text: COPD

text: , but excluding

text: emphysema

text: and other

text: chronic airway obstruction

text: ), alcohol-related deaths, rectosigmoidal and anal cancers, and bacterial diseases.

text: The holder was also used as a practical accessory, as before the advent of filtered cigarettes in the 1960s, the holder served several purposes.  A holder kept tobacco flakes out of the smoker's mouth, kept the thin cigarette paper from sticking and tearing on the smoker's lips, prevented nicotine stains on fingers, cooled and mellowed the smoke and kept side-stream smoke from stinging the smoker's eyes. Occasionally the holder would be built to encase a filter for taste and, later, for health reasons.  Though modern cigarettes are generally manufactured with an existing filter, filtered cigarette holders are occasionally used as a secondary filtration system, and to prevent nicotine staining of the fingers.

text: The holder was also used as a practical accessory, as before the advent of

text: filtered cigarettes

text: in the 1960s, the holder served several purposes.  A holder kept tobacco flakes out of the smoker's mouth, kept the thin cigarette paper from sticking and tearing on the smoker's lips, prevented nicotine stains on fingers, cooled and mellowed the smoke and kept side-stream smoke from stinging the smoker's eyes. Occasionally the holder would be built to encase a filter for taste and, later, for health reasons.  Though modern cigarettes are generally manufactured with an existing filter, filtered cigarette holders are occasionally used as a secondary filtration system, and to prevent nicotine staining of the fingers.

text: Like other forms of smoking, cigar smoking poses a significant health risk depending on dosage: risks are greater for those who inhale more when they smoke, smoke more cigars, or smoke them longer. The risk of dying from any cause is significantly greater for cigar smokers, with the risk particularly higher for smokers less than 65 years old, and with risk for moderate and deep inhalers reaching levels similar to cigarette smokers. The increased risk for those smoking 1–2 cigars per day is too small to be statistically significant, and the health risks of the 3/4 of cigar smokers who smoke less than daily are not known and are hard to measure. Although it has been claimed that people who smoke few cigars have no increased risk, a more accurate statement is that their risks are proportionate to their exposure. Health risks are similar to cigarette smoking in nicotine addiction, periodontal health, tooth loss, and many types of cancer, including cancers of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. Cigar smoking also can cause cancers of the lung and larynx, where the increased risk is less than that of cigarettes. Many of these cancers have extremely low cure rates. Cigar smoking also increases the risk of lung and heart diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

text: Like other forms of smoking,

text: cigar

text: smoking poses a significant health risk depending on dosage: risks are greater for those who inhale more when they smoke, smoke more cigars, or smoke them longer. The risk of dying from any cause is significantly greater for cigar smokers, with the risk particularly higher for smokers less than 65 years old, and with risk for moderate and deep inhalers reaching levels similar to cigarette smokers. The increased risk for those smoking 1–2 cigars per day is too small to be statistically significant, and the health risks of the 3/4 of cigar smokers who smoke less than daily are not known and are hard to measure. Although it has been claimed that people who smoke few cigars have no increased risk, a more accurate statement is that their risks are proportionate to their exposure. Health risks are similar to

text: cigarette

text: smoking in

text: nicotine

text: addiction,

text: periodontal

text: health, tooth loss, and many types of cancer, including cancers of the

text: mouth

text: , throat, and

text: esophagus

text: . Cigar smoking also can cause cancers of the

text: lung

text: and

text: larynx

text: , where the increased risk is less than that of cigarettes. Many of these cancers have extremely low cure rates. Cigar smoking also increases the risk of lung and heart diseases such as

text: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

text: Avoiding food or water that may be contaminated with stool can help prevent the infection of Cystoisospora (Isosporiasis). Good hand-washing, and personal-hygiene practices should be used as well. One should wash their hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before handling food (CDC.gov). It is also important to teach children the importance of washing their hands, and how to properly wash their hands.

text: Haze often occurs when dust and smoke particles accumulate in relatively dry air. When weather conditions block the dispersal of smoke and other pollutants they concentrate and form a usually low-hanging shroud that impairs visibility and may become a respiratory health threat. Industrial pollution can result in dense haze, which is known as smog.

text: Haze often occurs when dust and smoke particles accumulate in relatively dry air. When weather conditions block the dispersal of smoke and other pollutants they concentrate and form a usually low-hanging shroud that impairs

text: visibility

text: and may become a

text: respiratory

text: health

text: threat. Industrial pollution can result in dense haze, which is known as

text: smog

text: The mission of a medical surveillance program is to keep workers healthy and ensure that employers are meeting OSHA standards in health and safety. Medical surveillance has an emphasis on prevention:  it is designed to detect potential workplace hazards before irreversible health effects can occur.  Clinicians with expertise in occupational health, industrial exposures, and respiratory protection screen workers with physical examinations, blood testing, spirometry (a measurement lung function), and audiometry.  Screenings are performed at set intervals, often annually.

text: The mission of a medical surveillance program is to keep workers healthy and ensure that employers are meeting

text: OSHA

text: standards in health and safety. Medical surveillance has an emphasis on prevention:  it is designed to detect potential workplace hazards before irreversible health effects can occur.  Clinicians with expertise in occupational health, industrial exposures, and respiratory protection screen workers with physical examinations, blood testing, spirometry (a measurement lung function), and audiometry.  Screenings are performed at set intervals, often annually.

text: Spray painting poses health hazards that affect the respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems. Similarly, using solvents to clean one’s hands of paint marks and residue may cause skin irritation or even more serious issues since many are carcinogenic. There are risks involved in working with substances such as paint and thinner, which contain compounds that are potentially harmful to health. Some of these substances may even be fatal.

text: Spray painting

text: poses health hazards that affect the respiratory, nervous, and circulatory systems. Similarly, using

text: solvents

text: to clean one’s hands of paint marks and residue may cause skin irritation or even more serious issues since many are

text: carcinogenic

text: . There are risks involved in working with substances such as paint and

text: thinner

text: , which contain compounds that are potentially harmful to health. Some of these substances may even be fatal.

text: Even if the urticant power of its tentacles is relatively low and is not felt at the level of our hands, it's highly recommended to wash the hands after having manipulated an Actinia because some urticant cells may stay on the hands and they constitute a risk of allergic reaction or burning sensations if sensitive part, like for example eyelids or lips, get in contact with those residual cells.

text: Even if the urticant power of its

text: tentacle

text: s is relatively low and is not felt at the level of our hands, it's highly recommended to wash the hands after having manipulated an Actinia because some urticant cells may stay on the hands and they constitute a risk of allergic reaction or burning sensations if sensitive part, like for example eyelids or lips, get in contact with those residual cells.

text: In construction and function a bong is similar to a hookah, except smaller and especially more portable. A bong may be constructed from any air- and water-tight vessel by adding a bowl and stem apparatus (or slide) which guides air downward to below water level whence it bubbles upward ("bubbler") during use. To get fresh air into the bong and harvest the last remaining smoke, a hole known as the "carburator", "carb", "choke", "bink", "rush" "shotty" "kick hole" or simply "hole", somewhere on the lower part of the bong above water level, is first kept covered during the smoking process, then opened to allow the smoke to be drawn into the respiratory system.

text: In construction and function a bong is similar to a

text: hookah

text: , except smaller and especially more portable. A bong may be constructed from any air- and water-tight vessel by adding a bowl and stem apparatus (or slide) which guides air downward to below water level whence it bubbles upward ("bubbler") during use. To get fresh air into the bong and harvest the last remaining smoke, a hole known as the "carburator", "carb", "choke", "bink", "rush" "shotty" "kick hole" or simply "hole", somewhere on the lower part of the bong above water level, is first kept covered during the smoking process, then opened to allow the smoke to be drawn into the respiratory system.

text: According to the World Health Organization, symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath, which may progress to severe pneumonia. The virus can also overload the immune system, causing what is known as a cytokine storm. Blood poisoning and organ failure are also possible.  In an article in the The New England Journal of Medicine, doctors reported that most of the patients with confirmed cases of H7N9 virus infection were critically ill and that approximately 20% had died of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multiorgan failure.

text: According to the World Health Organization, symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath, which may progress to severe

text: pneumonia

text: . The virus can also overload the immune system, causing what is known as a

text: cytokine storm

text: Blood poisoning

text: and

text: organ failure

text: are also possible.  In an article in the

text: The New England Journal of Medicine

text: , doctors reported that most of the patients with confirmed cases of H7N9 virus infection were critically ill and that approximately 20% had died of

text: acute respiratory distress syndrome

text: (ARDS) or

text: multiorgan failure

text: People can be exposed to plaster of Paris in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for plaster of Paris exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.

text: People can be exposed to plaster of Paris in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The

text: (OSHA) has set the legal limit (

text: permissible exposure limit

text: ) for plaster of Paris exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The

text: (NIOSH) has set a

text: Recommended exposure limit

text: Examples of children raised under the Kibbutz system of equality are given by Yosef Criden. When an aunt from a nearby city comes to visit her niece or nephew and brings a box of chocolate as a present for them, the child will excitedly open it up and eat a few of the chocolates. Then the child will go over to the rest of the group and give the rest of the chocolates to their peers. This is the ideology instilled in the children, to value the self but also to always think about others. Another example Yosef gives is that when his son, who was born and raised on a kibbutz, went into the army, he and his fellow bunk mates asked their supervising officer for a box. They wanted to keep the box in the middle of the room and whenever they would get care packages, they would put the items into the box and share them communally. They did not want to be like most of the units of officers from towns and cities, where each officer would hide their packages under their beds.

text: In the United States a Respiratory Therapist is a clinician who has at a minimum completed an Associate of Science in Respiratory Care degree along with a certification process.   After satisfactorily completing required examinations either administered by the National Board for Respiratory Care or directly by the individual state licensing board (either the medical examiners board or a special state  respiratory care board).

text: In the United States a Respiratory Therapist is a clinician who has at a minimum completed an

entity_name: Associate of Science in Respiratory Care

text: Associate of Science in Respiratory Care

text: degree along with a certification process.   After satisfactorily completing required examinations either administered by the

text: National Board for Respiratory Care

text: or directly by the individual state licensing board (either the medical examiners board or a special state  respiratory care board).

text: PsyMontréal’s contribution to Quebec’s health care sector consists of being the first to provide trainings to the health care professionals of the Quebec government’s "Direction de santé publique" in Motivational Interviewing for the specific purposes of motivating positive health related lifestyle changes. Three Quebec government evaluation reports detail the state of major shifts in the way health care is being delivered in Quebec, with a shift away from intervention (i.e. waiting for somebody to get sick before entry to health care services), to the prevention of illnesses (motivating the population of Quebec to modify their lifestyles by eating better, exercising more, and stopping to smoke). The reports explain the government's prevention strategy and the key use of Motivational Interviewing (supported by the training and consulting services of PsyMontreal) over the last 6 years, based on scientifically based best practices.

text: Inhalation begins at the mouth and the nostrils located at the front of the beak. The air then flows through the anatomical dead space of a highly vascular trachea (c. ) and expansive bronchial system, where it is further conducted to the posterior air sacs. Air flow through the parabronchi of the paleopulmo is in the same direction to the dorsobronchi during inspiration and expiration. Inspired air moves into the respiratory system as a result of the expansion of thoraco abdominal cavity; controlled by inspiratory muscles. During expiration, oxygen poor air flows to the anterior air sacs and is expelled by the action of the expiratory muscles. The ostrich air sacs play a key role in respiration since they are capacious, and increase surface area (as described by the Fick Principle). The oxygen rich air flows unidirectionally across the respiratory surface of the lungs; providing the blood that has a crosscurrent flow with a high concentration of oxygen.

text: Inhalation begins at the mouth and the nostrils located at the front of the beak. The air then flows through the anatomical dead space of a highly vascular trachea (c. ) and expansive bronchial system, where it is further conducted to the posterior air sacs. Air flow through the

text: parabronchi

text: of the paleopulmo is in the same direction to the dorsobronchi during inspiration and expiration. Inspired air moves into the respiratory system as a result of the expansion of thoraco abdominal cavity; controlled by

text: inspiratory muscles

text: . During expiration, oxygen poor air flows to the anterior air sacs and is expelled by the action of the

text: expiratory muscles

text: . The ostrich air sacs play a key role in respiration since they are capacious, and increase surface area (as described by the

text: Fick Principle

text: ). The oxygen rich air flows

text: unidirectionally

text: across the respiratory surface of the lungs; providing the blood that has a crosscurrent flow with a high concentration of oxygen.

text: Some countries also impose legal requirements on the packaging of tobacco products. For example, in the countries of the European Union, Turkey, Australia Iran  and South Africa, cigarette packs must be prominently labeled with the health risks associated with smoking. Canada, Australia, Thailand, Iceland, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil and some EU countries have also imposed labels upon cigarette packs warning smokers of the effects, and they include graphic images of the potential health effects of smoking. In Canada, cards are also inserted into cigarette packs, explaining reasons not to smoke and different methods of quitting smoking.

text: Second-hand smoke is a mixture of smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar, and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers. It is involuntarily inhaled, lingers in the air hours after cigarettes have been extinguished, and may cause a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, respiratory infections and asthma. Non-smokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke at home or work are thought, due to a wide variety of statistical studies, to increase their heart disease risk by 25–30% and their lung cancer risk by 20–30%. Second-hand smoke has been estimated to cause 38,000 deaths per year, of which 3,400 are deaths from lung cancer in non-smokers.

text: Second-hand smoke is a mixture of smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar, and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers. It is involuntarily inhaled, lingers in the air hours after cigarettes have been extinguished, and may cause a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer,

text: respiratory infections

text: and

text: asthma

text: . Non-smokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke at home or work are thought, due to a wide variety of statistical studies, to increase their heart disease risk by 25–30% and their lung cancer risk by 20–30%. Second-hand smoke has been estimated to cause 38,000 deaths per year, of which 3,400 are deaths from lung cancer in non-smokers.

text: In an interview with Noise 11 magazine in January 2012, Chris Squire confirmed that David had officially left Yes, due to a respiratory illness. He had been suffering from respiratory failure and could not continue on for the Australia tour in April 2012. In a press release, David revealed he found out only from a band member's interview that he "had officially left Yes and that [his] departure was permanent", being replaced by new lead singer Jon Davison. In another interview, David explained the reaction when he explained he would be unable to commit to April 2012 dates because of health problems: "At first everybody was a bit surprised thinking there was enough time for me to get back in shape, but since the issue was unsure, I suggested somebody take over [...] They said, well fine if you can't do it and you're okay with it, we'll look around. It's not like they asked me to step aside at all." He also says: "The guys [in Yes] aren't getting any younger. They've waited years at a time for their singers to get better or finish other projects, and I don't think they can spare that time any more. They're in great shape, and playing well, and it felt terrible to be the one to stop Yes from moving forward. Can you imagine if they waited for a year and [...] I still wasn't better? If I can't sing those songs then what's my relevance in that band? Not knowing how long it's going to take me to get better, I feel much better there's somebody doing the shows and taking the music to the fans."

text: In an interview with Noise 11 magazine in January 2012, Chris Squire confirmed that David had officially left Yes, due to a respiratory illness. He had been suffering from respiratory failure and could not continue on for the Australia tour in April 2012. In a press release, David revealed he found out only from a band member's interview that he "had officially left Yes and that [his] departure was permanent", being replaced by new lead singer

text: Jon Davison

text: . In another interview, David explained the reaction when he explained he would be unable to commit to April 2012 dates because of health problems: "At first everybody was a bit surprised thinking there was enough time for me to get back in shape, but since the issue was unsure, I suggested somebody take over [...] They said, well fine if you can't do it and you're okay with it, we'll look around. It's not like they asked me to step aside at all." He also says: "The guys [in Yes] aren't getting any younger. They've waited years at a time for their singers to get better or finish other projects, and I don't think they can spare that time any more. They're in great shape, and playing well, and it felt terrible to be the one to stop Yes from moving forward. Can you imagine if they waited for a year and [...] I still wasn't better? If I can't sing those songs then what's my relevance in that band? Not knowing how long it's going to take me to get better, I feel much better there's somebody doing the shows and taking the music to the fans."

text: The u-healthcare system is the service provided by Guro Public Health Centre's doctors through mobile phones or PDA to patients with diabetes, blood pressure, obesity, respiratory disease and other conditions.  Physicians retrieve data for diagnosis and treatment as needed.  This service is provided either at home or at the dong office.  This is the first time in the country that this kind of service has been executed using a high-tech healthcare system policy.  Guro District runs the Welfare and Computer Education Centres for the disabled, lends equipment for low-income disabled, supports in-house repairing and provides many other facilities that made the district the top disabled supporter for the last 4 consecutive years among the 25 districts of Seoul.

text: The u-healthcare system is the service provided by Guro Public Health Centre's doctors through mobile phones or PDA to patients with

text: diabetes

text: blood pressure

text: obesity

text: respiratory disease

text: and other conditions.  Physicians retrieve data for diagnosis and treatment as needed.  This service is provided either at home or at the

text: dong

text: office.  This is the first time in the country that this kind of service has been executed using a high-tech healthcare system policy.  Guro District runs the Welfare and Computer Education Centres for the disabled, lends equipment for low-income disabled, supports in-house repairing and provides many other facilities that made the district the top disabled supporter for the last 4 consecutive years among the 25 districts of Seoul.

text: Between 1951 and 1953 PNGVR elements were established in all the main centres in PNG. A platoon was subsequently formed at Samarai in December 1953, while further detachments were later established at Madang, Wewak, Goroka, Mount Hagen, Banz, Kainantu and Kavieng. A third rifle company was later raised, with C Company being formed at Goroka in 1957. In May 1958, for the first time since the Second World War soldiers of the unit participated in joint exercises with the PIR in the Goldie River–Kokoda Track area. Such exercises subsequently became a regular activity between the two units, while PNGVR detachments regularly marched with the PIR on Anzac Day and Queen's Birthday celebrations. As part of the annual training program soldiers of the unit undertook two weeks in concentrated exercises and training every year, initially at Goldie River. Meanwhile, the arms and equipment issued to the unit progressively improved. Unlike the rest of the CMF, the PNGVR was not reorganised along pentropic lines in 1960 and remained relatively unchanged.

text: Between 1951 and 1953 PNGVR elements were established in all the main centres in PNG. A platoon was subsequently formed at

text: Samarai

text: in December 1953, while further detachments were later established at Madang,

text: Wewak

text: Goroka

text: Mount Hagen

text: , Banz,

text: Kainantu

text: and Kavieng. A third rifle company was later raised, with C Company being formed at Goroka in 1957. In May 1958, for the first time since the Second World War soldiers of the unit participated in joint exercises with the PIR in the Goldie River–Kokoda Track area. Such exercises subsequently became a regular activity between the two units, while PNGVR detachments regularly marched with the PIR on

text: Anzac Day

text: and Queen's Birthday celebrations. As part of the annual training program soldiers of the unit undertook two weeks in concentrated exercises and training every year, initially at Goldie River. Meanwhile, the arms and equipment issued to the unit progressively improved. Unlike the rest of the CMF, the PNGVR was not reorganised along

text: pentropic

text: lines in 1960 and remained relatively unchanged.

text: The American Heart Association website says, "You may have what's called 'white coat hypertension'; that means your blood pressure goes up when you're at the doctor's office. Monitoring at home will help you measure your true blood pressure and can provide your doctor with a log of blood pressure measurements over time. This is helpful in diagnosing and preventing potential health problems."

text: The

text: American Heart Association

text: website says, "You may have what's called 'white coat hypertension'; that means your blood pressure goes up when you're at the doctor's office. Monitoring at home will help you measure your true blood pressure and can provide your doctor with a log of blood pressure measurements over time. This is helpful in diagnosing and preventing potential health problems."

text: A blessing is prescribed over hand washing before eating bread and when one wakes up from his sleep in the morning. Although Maimonides prescribes saying the blessing before one actually pours water over his hands,  the custom has developed to recite the blessing only after he has poured water over his hands and has rubbed them together, while they are raised in the air to the height of his chin, prior to his drying them with a towel. The blessing is cited in the following manner: "Blessed are you, O Lord, our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us through your commandments and has commanded us concerning the washing of hands" (). Immediately following the recital of the blessing, it is incumbent to dry those hands with a towel &c.

text: A

text: blessing

text: is prescribed over hand washing before eating bread and when one wakes up from his sleep in the morning. Although Maimonides prescribes saying the blessing before one actually pours water over his hands,  the custom has developed to recite the blessing only after he has poured water over his hands and has rubbed them together, while they are raised in the air to the height of his chin, prior to his drying them with a towel. The blessing is cited in the following manner: "Blessed are you, O Lord, our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us through your commandments and has commanded us concerning the washing of hands" (). Immediately following the recital of the blessing, it is incumbent to dry those hands with a towel &c.

text: The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation observation outposts at Mount Merapi began observing at 00:00 and concluded at 06:00 and reported no significant visible activity. Merapi spewed hot clouds in the afternoon. Sulfatara smoke was visible from several posts and avalanches were observed. Mount Merapi erupted at 10:10 local time Monday morning spewing hot clouds and dark fog masses in easterly direction punctuated by loud explosions. Lt Col Soekoso Wahyudi, chief of the Boyolali district military command, was reported by Antara news as saying the explosions this time were louder than those of Sunday evening 31 October. The hot clouds descended on part of the mountain slopes and moved in easterly direction. Local military and police commands deployed personnel on roads in areas around the mountain to regulate traffic which had become clogged by vehicles and people rushing to leave the danger zones. Reports from Klaten, Sleman and Boyolali districts suggested the volcanic explosions were so loud they caused panic and a rush to seek refuge. Merapi's heat and hot ash clouds continued to erupt throughout the day. A thick eruptive ash cloud was reported to rise  into the air. The Darwin VAAC reported that a possible eruption on 1 November produced an ash plume that rose to an altitude of  a.s.l., according to ground-based reports, analyses of satellite imagery, and web camera views. The WHO reported that Mount Merapi spewed out hot clouds of gas and ash again on Monday morning, 1 November 2010 at around 10:05 local time. Clouds of hot ash and gas billowed up to  into the atmosphere, before cascading back down up to  around the slopes of Merapi. An uninterrupted stream of smoke clouds were sent into the air for 40 minutes, heading southward toward a nearby river in Sleman regency, and took with it an estimated 2 million cubic metres of rock and earth from the peak. From the previous eruption, Crisis Center MOH reported 42 people died and 103 people were admitted to several health facilities with respiratory difficulties and burn injuries. Up to 70,143 people were reported to have been displaced. Health problems amongst the evacuees included acute respiratory infection, eye irritation, cephalgia, and hypertension. Land transportation beyond the  restricted area was not disrupted. Air transportation was affected for flights from and to Yogyakarta and Solo.

text: WHO

text: reported that Mount Merapi spewed out hot clouds of gas and ash again on Monday morning, 1 November 2010 at around 10:05 local time. Clouds of hot ash and gas billowed up to  into the atmosphere, before cascading back down up to  around the slopes of Merapi. An uninterrupted stream of smoke clouds were sent into the air for 40 minutes, heading southward toward a nearby river in Sleman regency, and took with it an estimated 2 million cubic metres of rock and earth from the peak. From the previous eruption, Crisis Center MOH reported 42 people died and 103 people were admitted to several health facilities with respiratory difficulties and burn injuries. Up to 70,143 people were reported to have been displaced. Health problems amongst the evacuees included acute respiratory infection, eye irritation, cephalgia, and hypertension. Land transportation beyond the  restricted area was not disrupted. Air transportation was affected for flights from and to Yogyakarta and

text: Solo

text: There are five critical times in washing hands with soap and/or using of a hand antiseptic related to fecal-oral transmission: after using a bathroom (private or public), after changing a diaper, before feeding a child, before eating and before preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry, or any other situation leading to potential contamination and see below. To reduce the spread of germs, it is also better to wash the hands and/or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.

text: There are five critical times in washing hands with soap and/or using of a hand antiseptic related to

text: fecal-oral transmission

text: : after using a bathroom (private or public), after changing a diaper, before feeding a child, before eating and before preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry, or any other situation leading to potential contamination and see below. To reduce the spread of germs, it is also better to wash the hands and/or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.

text: Hand washing with soap is extremely effective and the most inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI). Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the life of an estimated 1.8 million children per year. Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually. Handwashing with soap is estimated to reduce incidents of diarrhea by 30% and respiratory infections by 21% in children under the age of five.

text: Hand washing with soap is extremely effective and the most inexpensive way to prevent

text: diarrhea

text: and acute respiratory infections (ARI).

text: Pneumonia

text: , a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the life of an estimated 1.8 million children per year.

text: Diarrhea

text: and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually. Handwashing with soap is estimated to reduce incidents of diarrhea by 30% and respiratory infections by 21% in children under the age of five.

text: Sarah Walker, an assistant with the Victorian Centre for Excellence in Eating Disorders, said that she had reservations about the storyline concluding too quickly as people with eating disorders often go for years without asking for help. She added that it was "essential" Home and Away handled the story well and that it "could encourage people to seek help." Ian Lang, a professor at the Victorian College of the Arts also expressed his view on the storyline concluding quickly. He said "I think anybody who has suffered a serious illness like bulimia knows that it's not possible to really portray it in a half-hour drama." Rick Kausman of the Australian Medical Association spoke to groups of high school students in Geelong and said the storyline was raised by the students. Of this, he said "The whole upside to this is, we've got to get it out to the community that this is a health issue that's not unusual, it's not isolated." Frances Sanders of the Eating Disorders Foundation of Victoria was concerned that someone at risk of developing bulimia may see the show and try it. She thought that it was good that Home and Away was addressing the issue though, as viewers would think they need to get some help. She said the resolution of Matilda's problem would be important." The Sydney Morning Herald said that it was "unreasonable" to expect Matilda's storyline to continue for over eight to ten years, but Matilda will have issues with food for the rest of her life. Sanders added that this character development would make her "normal".

text: Sarah Walker, an assistant with the Victorian Centre for Excellence in Eating Disorders, said that she had reservations about the storyline concluding too quickly as people with eating disorders often go for years without asking for help. She added that it was "essential" Home and Away handled the story well and that it "could encourage people to seek help." Ian Lang, a professor at the

entity_name: University of Melbourne Faculty of VCA and MCM

text: Victorian College of the Arts

text: also expressed his view on the storyline concluding quickly. He said "I think anybody who has suffered a serious illness like bulimia knows that it's not possible to really portray it in a half-hour drama." Rick Kausman of the

text: Australian Medical Association

text: spoke to groups of high school students in

text: Geelong

text: and said the storyline was raised by the students. Of this, he said "The whole upside to this is, we've got to get it out to the community that this is a health issue that's not unusual, it's not isolated." Frances Sanders of the Eating Disorders Foundation of Victoria was concerned that someone at risk of developing bulimia may see the show and try it. She thought that it was good that Home and Away was addressing the issue though, as viewers would think they need to get some help. She said the resolution of Matilda's problem would be important." The Sydney Morning Herald said that it was "unreasonable" to expect Matilda's storyline to continue for over eight to ten years, but Matilda will have issues with food for the rest of her life. Sanders added that this character development would make her "normal".

text: Washing hands with soap and water eliminates microorganisms from the skin and hands. This provides some protection against transmission of VHF and other diseases. This requires at least cake soap cut into small pieces, soap dishes with openings that allow water to drain away, running water or a bucket kept full with clean water, a bucket for collecting rinse water and a ladle for dipping, if running water is not available, and one-use towels.

text: Comparable to a traditional cigarette, e-cigarette particles are tiny enough to enter the alveoli, enabling nicotine absorption. These particles are also tiny enough to go deep in the lungs and enter into the systemic circulation. Local pulmonary toxicity may occur because metal nanoparticles can deposit in the lung's alveolar sacs. E-cigarettes companies assert that the particulates produced by an e-cigarette are too tiny to be deposited in the alveoli. Different devices generate different particle sizes and cause different depositions in the respiratory tract, even from the same nicotine liquid. The aerosol production of e-cigarettes during vaping decreases, which requires a more forceful suction to create a similar volume of aerosol. A more forceful suction could affect the deposition of substances into the lungs. Reports in the literature have shown respiratory and cardiovascular effects by these smaller size particles, suggesting a possible health concern.

text: Comparable to a traditional cigarette, e-cigarette particles are tiny enough to enter the

text: alveoli

text: , enabling nicotine absorption. These particles are also tiny enough to go deep in the lungs and enter into the

text: systemic circulation

text: . Local

text: pulmonary toxicity

text: may occur because metal nanoparticles can deposit in the lung's alveolar sacs. E-cigarettes companies assert that the particulates produced by an e-cigarette are too tiny to be deposited in the alveoli. Different devices generate different particle sizes and cause different depositions in the

text: respiratory tract

text: , even from the same nicotine liquid. The aerosol production of e-cigarettes during vaping decreases, which requires a more forceful suction to create a similar volume of aerosol. A more forceful suction could affect the deposition of substances into the lungs. Reports in the literature have shown respiratory and cardiovascular effects by these smaller size particles, suggesting a possible health concern.

text: People can be exposed to wood dust in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, or eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for wood dust exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 1 mg/m over an 8-hour workday.

text: People can be exposed to wood dust in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, or eye contact. The

text: (OSHA) has set the legal limit (

text: permissible exposure limit

text: ) for wood dust exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The

text: (NIOSH) has set a

text: recommended exposure limit

text: (REL) of 1 mg/m over an 8-hour workday.

text: The song's lyrics refer to the novel Frankenstein and its author Mary Shelley. This is more readily heard on the longer album version of the song, as the re-recorded single edit omits most of the more obvious references to the book. The song's title was more unclear however and when quizzed, co-writer Ron Rogers was unsure of its source material. Lyric writer Carol Decker explained that it is the effect that if you hold a china cup to a light, you can see your hand through it – therefore 'china in your hand' means something that is transparent. In a segment on the BBC1's The One Show on 6 March 2014, Carol Decker explained that she had been holding a china tea cup belonging to Ronnie Rogers' mother in her hand while washing up and had felt a lump in the bottom. She held the cup to the light and saw an image of a young woman in the base of the cup. Decker had the cup with her and showed the viewers the image.

text: The song's lyrics refer to the novel

text: Frankenstein

text: and its author

text: Mary Shelley

text: . This is more readily heard on the longer album version of the song, as the re-recorded single edit omits most of the more obvious references to the book. The song's title was more unclear however and when quizzed, co-writer Ron Rogers was unsure of its source material. Lyric writer

text: Carol Decker

text: explained that it is the effect that if you hold a china cup to a light, you can see your hand through it – therefore 'china in your hand' means something that is transparent. In a segment on the BBC1's

text: The One Show

text: on 6 March 2014, Carol Decker explained that she had been holding a china tea cup belonging to Ronnie Rogers' mother in her hand while washing up and had felt a lump in the bottom. She held the cup to the light and saw an image of a young woman in the base of the cup. Decker had the cup with her and showed the viewers the image.

text: Avansino began her fashion journalism career in 2000 as an intern at British Vogue, subsequently becoming assistant to editor-in-chief Alexandra Shulman. Avansino then went on to work in the beauty department as a beauty assistant, followed by wellbeing editor, before moving to the main fashion team and working as executive fashion director. Avansino worked as executive fashion and digital project director between 2008 and 2013. In early 2013, she left her full-time position to become contributing editor. Avansino contributes to the publication regularly and has a weekly wellbeing blog on the Vogue website. She also contributes to The Sunday Times Style magazine and has her own website. Avansino is regularly interviewed in print, online, at events and on television for her thoughts on wellbeing, exercise, and healthy eating. In February 2016, her debut book Keep It Real: Create a Healthy, Balanced and Delicious Life - For You and Your Family' was released.

text: Avansino began her fashion journalism career in 2000 as an intern at British Vogue, subsequently becoming assistant to editor-in-chief Alexandra Shulman. Avansino then went on to work in the beauty department as a beauty assistant, followed by wellbeing editor, before moving to the main fashion team and working as executive fashion director. Avansino worked as executive fashion and digital project director between 2008 and 2013. In early 2013, she left her full-time position to become contributing editor. Avansino contributes to the publication regularly and has a weekly wellbeing blog on the Vogue website. She also contributes to

text: The Sunday Times

text: Style magazine and has her own website. Avansino is regularly interviewed in print, online, at events and on television for her thoughts on wellbeing, exercise, and healthy eating. In February 2016, her debut book Keep It Real: Create a Healthy, Balanced and Delicious Life - For You and Your Family' was released.

text: Woodside Health Centre in Glasgow established a successful deputising service before 1973: “. . . twenty general practitioners group together to provide a highly organised system of out-of-hours health care … The telephone” (at the health centre) ” is permanently manned and the patients are not involved in the delays of a post office diversion system. In the evening the telephone is answered by an experienced registered general nurse who can give advice where it is appropriate. In the event of a visit being required the nurse is able to contact the doctor on duty by radiotelephone. . . . . The patient’s previous notes are readily available to the nurse in the health centre and can be passed on to the doctor on duty. . . . Control of the system is exercised by a sub-committee of the health centre committee of management. The system thus has the advantages of a commercial deputising service in allowing doctors to have adequate time off duty, but control is exercised from within the health centre.”

text: After Teddy tells Bob that his recent physical exam revealed his health to be incredibly poor and that he must make drastic changes to his eating habits, Bob decides to cut him off from his burgers, believing that serving him burgers every day was partially responsible for Teddy's health problems. Teddy desperately resolves to get better through exercise so he can continue eating burgers, and Bob agrees to join him out of guilt. Teddy, through a misunderstanding, also believes that this means Bob considers him his best friend, a sentiment Teddy also feels for Bob. In reality, Bob doesn't consider Teddy to be his best friend so much as his best customer who he sees every day, but doesn't wish to hurt Teddy's feelings or stymie his fitness attempts by telling him the truth. Excited, Teddy signs them both up for an intensive "stunt man" boot camp. The experience is nightmarish for Bob. During a hellish exercise routine, Bob explains to the boot camp counselors that Teddy isn't even his friend, but just his customer and that he lied about their friendship to him so that he would have an exercise buddy and get healthy. Unfortunately, Teddy overhears everything.

text: After Teddy tells Bob that his recent

text: physical exam

text: revealed his health to be incredibly poor and that he must make drastic changes to his eating habits, Bob decides to cut him off from his burgers, believing that serving him burgers every day was partially responsible for Teddy's health problems. Teddy desperately resolves to get better through exercise so he can continue eating burgers, and Bob agrees to join him out of guilt. Teddy, through a misunderstanding, also believes that this means Bob considers him his best friend, a sentiment Teddy also feels for Bob. In reality, Bob doesn't consider Teddy to be his best friend so much as his best customer who he sees every day, but doesn't wish to hurt Teddy's feelings or stymie his fitness attempts by telling him the truth. Excited, Teddy signs them both up for an intensive "

text: stunt man

text: boot camp

text: . The experience is nightmarish for Bob. During a hellish exercise routine, Bob explains to the boot camp counselors that Teddy isn't even his friend, but just his customer and that he lied about their friendship to him so that he would have an exercise buddy and get healthy. Unfortunately, Teddy overhears everything.

text: The use of cartridges in the contaminated atmosphere leads to saturation of the sorbent (or the dryer — when using catalysts). The concentration of harmful gases in the purified air gradually increases. The ingress of harmful gases in the inhaled air can lead to the reaction of the employee’s sensory system: odor, taste, irritation of the respiratory system, dizziness, headaches, and other health impairments (up to loss of consciousness).

text: The use of cartridges in the contaminated atmosphere leads to saturation of the sorbent (or the dryer — when using catalysts). The concentration of harmful gases in the purified air gradually increases. The ingress of harmful gases in the inhaled air can lead to the reaction of the employee’s

text: sensory system

text: odor

text: taste

text: irritation

text: of the

text: respiratory system

text: dizziness

text: headaches

text: , and other health impairments (up to loss of

text: consciousness

text: Research has demonstrated that in terms of health, self-esteem can play an important role. In some cases, people may be so concerned with their physical appearance and boosting their self-esteem that they ignore problems or concerns with their own physical health. Arndt et al. (2009) conducted three studies to examine how peer perceptions and social acceptance of smokers contributes to their quitting, as well as if, and why these people continue smoking for outside reasons, even when faced with thoughts of death and anti-smoking prompts. Tanning and exercising were also looked at in the researchers' studies. The studies found that people are influenced by the situations around them.  Specifically, Arndt et al. (2009) found in terms of their self-esteem and health, that participants who saw someone exercising were more likely to increase their intentions to exercise. In addition, the researchers found in study two that how participants reacted to an anti-smoking commercial was affected by their motivation for smoking and the situation in which they were in. For instance, people who smoked for extrinsic reasons and were previously prompted with death reminders were more likely to be compelled by the anti-smoking message.

text: Partner services are important because in some cases a person's health problems are partially caused or sustained by other people.  A common example would be that a person visits a doctor because he has an infectious disease.  If that disease is also contagious, then that person's close associates may also have the disease.  If a physician were to only treat the person who initially requests treatment, then the disease may remain in the community.  Instead, principles of partner services dictate that health care should treat all members of a group which transmits infection.

text: Partner services are important because in some cases a person's health problems are partially caused or sustained by other people.  A common example would be that a person visits a doctor because he has an

text: infectious disease

text: .  If that disease is also contagious, then that person's close associates may also have the disease.  If a

text: physician

text: were to only treat the person who initially requests treatment, then the disease may remain in the community.  Instead, principles of partner services dictate that health care should treat all members of a group which transmits infection.

text: On September 11, health officials in Fresno reported an "unprecedented increase" in hospital emergency room visits due to respiratory problems, and urged residents to avoid outdoor activities when the air is smoky.

text: :This article is about Health in Japan.  For the health care system see Health care system in JapanThe level of health in Japan is due to a number of factors including cultural habits, isolation, and a universal health care system.  John Creighton Campbell, professor at the University of Michigan and Tokyo University, told the New York Times in 2009 that Japanese people are "the healthiest" group on the planet. Japanese visit a doctor nearly 14 times a year, more than four times as often as Americans.  Life expectancy in 2013 was 83.3 years - among the highest on the planet.

text: :This article is about Health in Japan.  For the health care system see

text: Health care system in Japan

text: The level of health in Japan is due to a number of factors including cultural habits, isolation, and a

text: universal

text: health care system

text: .  John Creighton Campbell, professor at the

text: University of Michigan

text: and

text: Tokyo University

text: , told the

text: New York Times

text: in 2009 that Japanese people are "the healthiest" group on the planet. Japanese visit a doctor nearly 14 times a year, more than four times as often as Americans.  Life expectancy in 2013 was 83.3 years - among the highest on the planet.

text: UNICEF, the World Health Organization, and many national government health agencies recommend that babies are breastfed exclusively for their first six months of life. Studies have shown that breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from serious illnesses, including gastroenteritis, asthma, eczema, and respiratory and ear infections. Adults who were breastfed as babies may be less likely to develop risk factors for heart disease such as obesity and high blood pressure. There are benefits for mothers too: women who don't breastfeed have increased risk of developing heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and hip fractures in later life. The BFHI aims to increase the numbers of babies who are exclusively breastfed worldwide, a goal which the WHO estimates could contribute to avoiding over a million child deaths each year, and potentially many premature maternal deaths as well.

text: UNICEF, the World Health Organization, and many national government health agencies recommend that babies are

text: breastfed exclusively

text: for their first six months of life. Studies have shown that breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from serious illnesses, including

text: gastroenteritis

text: asthma

text: eczema

text: , and respiratory and ear infections. Adults who were breastfed as babies may be less likely to develop risk factors for

text: heart disease

text: such as

text: obesity

text: and

text: high blood pressure

text: . There are benefits for mothers too: women who don't breastfeed have increased risk of developing heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol,

text: breast cancer

text: ovarian cancer

text: and hip fractures in later life. The BFHI aims to increase the numbers of babies who are exclusively breastfed worldwide, a goal which the WHO estimates could contribute to avoiding over a million child deaths each year, and potentially many premature maternal deaths as well.

text: MFA is highly flammable and can be harmful if inhaled, in contact with skin, or if swallowed. It is irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.

text: MFA is highly

text: flammable

text: and can be harmful if inhaled, in contact with

text: skin

text: , or if swallowed. It is irritating to

text: eyes

text: respiratory system

text: , and skin.

text: Weiss is the author of Living Beyond Breast Cancer and Living Well Beyond Breast Cancer (According to WorldCat, this book is in 945 libraries), coauthored with her mother, Ellen Weiss (1998, 2010); Taking Care of Your “Girls:” A Breast Health Guide for Girls, Teens, and In-Betweens, coauthored with her daughter, Isabel Friedman (2008); and 7 Minutes!: How to Get the Most from Your Doctor Visit (2007).

text: Weiss is the author of Living Beyond Breast Cancer and Living Well Beyond Breast Cancer (According to

text: WorldCat

text: , this book is in 945 libraries), coauthored with her mother, Ellen Weiss (1998, 2010); Taking Care of Your “Girls:” A Breast Health Guide for Girls, Teens, and In-Betweens, coauthored with her daughter, Isabel Friedman (2008); and 7 Minutes!: How to Get the Most from Your Doctor Visit (2007).

text: Visiting a doctor's office is allowed during regular office hours, when people may enter unexpectedly. Otherwise, a shomer is required. Mortal danger always overrides yichud laws, although there are authorities who disagree with this. Serious illness, on the other hand, does not alleviate the prohibition of yichud. An exception is, according to Moshe Feinstein, a male patient who has been diagnosed as impotent, but in this case marit ayin calls for carefulness. A dependent adult person in need of care should take a caregiver of the same gender. This applies also to very old men. During daytime, an opposite gender housekeeper and medical staff may visit if the door is unlocked, or the neighbors have a key and are asked to come in unannounced from time to time. Some poskim are lenient when it comes to a doctor's interaction with his patients, since he is supposedly consumed by his work and not likely to think sinful thoughts. They invoke Gemara, which applies this reasoning to allow a professional to mate animals, although it is otherwise forbidden to watch animals mate.

text: Visiting a doctor's office is allowed during regular office hours, when people may enter unexpectedly. Otherwise, a shomer is required. Mortal danger always overrides yichud laws, although there are authorities who disagree with this. Serious illness, on the other hand, does not alleviate the prohibition of yichud. An exception is, according to Moshe Feinstein, a male patient who has been diagnosed as impotent, but in this case

text: marit ayin

text: calls for carefulness. A dependent adult person in need of care should take a caregiver of the same gender. This applies also to very old men. During daytime, an opposite gender housekeeper and medical staff may visit if the door is unlocked, or the neighbors have a key and are asked to come in unannounced from time to time. Some poskim are lenient when it comes to a doctor's interaction with his patients, since he is supposedly consumed by his work and not likely to think sinful thoughts. They invoke Gemara, which applies this reasoning to allow a professional to mate animals, although it is otherwise forbidden to watch animals mate.

text: Under the recovery consumers of mental health care are viewed as capable and responsible persons who can take charge and manage his or her condition. Wellness strategies are implemented in recovery work such as journaling, visiting friends, exercising, nutritious eating, praying, meditation, doing acts of kindness, and practicing gratitude.  Consumers in recovery that offer service to their peers in mental health treatment are called Peer support specialist.  They often help connect consumers with mental help professionals and are usually trained to counsel.

text: Under the recovery consumers of mental health care are viewed as capable and responsible persons who can take charge and manage his or her condition. Wellness strategies are implemented in recovery work such as journaling, visiting friends, exercising, nutritious eating, praying, meditation, doing acts of kindness, and practicing gratitude.  Consumers in recovery that offer service to their peers in mental health treatment are called

text: Peer support specialist

text: .  They often help connect consumers with mental help professionals and are usually trained to counsel.

text: On 8 December 2012, Chávez announced he would undergo a new operation after doctors in Cuba detected malignant cells; the operation took place on 11 December 2012. Chávez suffered a respiratory infection after undergoing the surgery but it was controlled. It was announced 20 December by the country's vice-president that Chávez had suffered complications following his surgery. It was announced on 3 January 2013 that Chávez had a severe lung infection that had caused respiratory failures following a strict treatment regimen for respiratory insufficiency. However he was reported to have overcome this later that month, and it was reported that he was then undergoing further treatment. On 18 February 2013, Chávez returned to Venezuela after 2 months of cancer treatment in Cuba. On 1 March 2013, Vice President Nicolás Maduro said that Chávez had been receiving chemotherapy in Venezuela following his surgery in Cuba. On 4 March, it was announced by the Venezuelan government that Chávez's breathing problems had worsened and he was suffering a new, severe respiratory infection.

text: On 8 December 2012, Chávez announced he would undergo a new operation after doctors in Cuba detected

text: malignant cell

text: s; the operation took place on 11 December 2012. Chávez suffered a

text: respiratory infection

text: after undergoing the surgery but it was controlled. It was announced 20 December by the country's vice-president that Chávez had suffered complications following his surgery. It was announced on 3 January 2013 that Chávez had a severe

text: lung infection

text: that had caused

text: respiratory failure

text: s following a strict treatment regimen for

text: respiratory insufficiency

text: . However he was reported to have overcome this later that month, and it was reported that he was then undergoing further treatment. On 18 February 2013, Chávez returned to Venezuela after 2 months of cancer treatment in Cuba. On 1 March 2013, Vice President

text: Nicolás Maduro

text: said that Chávez had been receiving chemotherapy in Venezuela following his surgery in Cuba. On 4 March, it was announced by the Venezuelan government that Chávez's breathing problems had worsened and he was suffering a new, severe

text: respiratory infection

text: Respiratory Health Association is a not-for-profit organization located on Chicago’s Near West Side.

text: In the domestic environment, drug-resistant strains of organism may arise from seemingly safe activities such as the use of bleach, tooth-brushing and mouthwashing, the use of antibiotics, disinfectants and detergents, shampoos, and soaps, particularly antibacterial soaps, hand-washing, surface sprays, application of deodorants, sunblocks and any cosmetic or health-care product, insecticides, and dips. The chemicals contained in these preparations, besides harming beneficial organisms, may intentionally or inadvertently target organisms that have the potential to develop resistance.

text: In the domestic environment, drug-resistant strains of organism may arise from seemingly safe activities such as the use of

text: bleach

text: , tooth-brushing and mouthwashing, the use of antibiotics, disinfectants and detergents,

text: shampoo

text: s, and soaps, particularly antibacterial soaps, hand-washing, surface sprays, application of

text: deodorant

text: s,

text: sunblock

text: s and any cosmetic or health-care product,

text: insecticide

text: s, and dips. The chemicals contained in these preparations, besides harming beneficial organisms, may intentionally or inadvertently target organisms that have the potential to develop resistance.

text: There is an association between the amount of time a mother works and her child’s body mass index (BMI).	There is evidence that nonstandard maternal work schedules, meaning those that fall at least partially outside the “traditional” range of 9:00 am to 5:00 pm on Monday through Friday, are correlated with higher child BMIs. Perhaps it is harder for mothers who work often or irregularly to find time or energy to engage in physical activity with their children. Their schedules may also prevent them from being present during their children’s meal times. As a result, children may not be eating as healthy or balanced a meal as they would otherwise. Meal choices are very important and children don't always make the healthiest decisions. That is not to say that mothers cannot instill healthy eating and exercise habits that persist even when the mother is elsewhere.

text: In October 1970, Swan sailed to Fiji, and was present in Suva on 10 October when the former British colony was granted independence. The warship was deployed to Singapore on 16 September 1971 for her first and only deployment to the Far East Strategic Reserve, which was replaced by ANZUK on 1 November. Swan operated as part of ANZUK until April 1972, during which she visited Japanese ports, served as escort to the Royal Yacht Britannia during a Royal Visit to Thailand, and participated in SEATO Exercise Sea Hawk. On her return to Australia on 17 April, the ship underwent maintenance, then spent the rest of the year on training exercises. After more exercises during the first third of 1973, Swan was docked at Williamstown for a refit from early April to early October, during which an Ikara missile system was installed. Sea trials and exercises took up the rest of 1973.

text: In October 1970, Swan sailed to Fiji, and was present in Suva on 10 October when the

text: former British colony

text: was granted independence. The warship was deployed to Singapore on 16 September 1971 for her first and only deployment to the

text: Far East Strategic Reserve

text: , which was replaced by

text: ANZUK

text: on 1 November. Swan operated as part of ANZUK until April 1972, during which she visited Japanese ports, served as escort to the

text: Royal Yacht Britannia

text: during a Royal Visit to Thailand, and participated in

text: SEATO

text: Exercise Sea Hawk. On her return to Australia on 17 April, the ship underwent maintenance, then spent the rest of the year on training exercises. After more exercises during the first third of 1973, Swan was docked at Williamstown for a refit from early April to early October, during which an

text: Ikara missile system

text: was installed. Sea trials and exercises took up the rest of 1973.

text: There are two kinds of manuterges. One serves the needs of the sacristy. The priest uses this at the washing of hands before mass, before distributing Communion outside of Mass, and before administering baptism. It can also be used for drying the hands after they have been washed on occasions not prescribed by the rubrics, but still customary after Mass. There are no prescriptions as to material and form for the towel used in the sacristy. It is usual to have it hanging over a roller, the two ends being sewn together so as to make it into a circular band. The custom of washing the hands before Mass may date from the early days of Christianity as the ceremony is expressly mentioned in the sacramentaries of the ninth and tenth centuries.

text: There are two kinds of manuterges. One serves the needs of the

text: sacristy

text: . The priest uses this at the washing of hands before mass, before distributing Communion outside of

text: Mass

text: , and before administering

text: baptism

text: . It can also be used for drying the hands after they have been washed on occasions not prescribed by the rubrics, but still customary after Mass. There are no prescriptions as to material and form for the towel used in the

text: sacristy

text: . It is usual to have it hanging over a roller, the two ends being sewn together so as to make it into a circular band. The custom of washing the hands before Mass may date from the early days of

text: Christianity

text: as the ceremony is expressly mentioned in the sacramentaries of the ninth and tenth centuries.

text: An Associate of Science in Respiratory Care (ASRC) is an entry-level tertiary education respiratory therapy degree.  In the United States, this type of degree is usually awarded by community colleges or similar respiratory schools. Some four year colleges also offer this degree.   Students in the United States awarded an Associate of Science in Respiratory Care are qualified to sit for the NBRC-ELE and then the NBRC-WRE and NBRC-CSE then apply for state licensure as a Registered Respiratory Therapist.

text: An Associate of Science in Respiratory Care (ASRC) is an entry-level

text: tertiary education

text: respiratory therapy

text: degree

text: .  In the

text: United States

text: , this type of degree is usually awarded by

text: community college

text: s or similar

text: respiratory school

text: s. Some four year colleges also offer this degree.   Students in the United States awarded an Associate of Science in Respiratory Care are qualified to sit for the

text: NBRC-ELE

text: and then the

text: NBRC-WRE

text: and

text: NBRC-CSE

text: then apply for state

text: licensure

text: as a

text: Registered Respiratory Therapist

text: In 2015 the English National Health Service advice page on smoking said "E-cigarettes are not risk free, but on current evidence they carry a fraction of the risk of smoked tobacco. As well as nicotine, e-cigarette liquid and vapour can contain toxic substances, although these are either at lower levels than seen in cigarette smoke or at levels not associated with health risk. The current best estimate is that e-cigarette use carries only around 5% of the risk of smoking. E-cigarettes are still fairly new and we won’t have a full picture on their safety until they have been in use for many years, so it will be important to continue to monitor the evidence as it develops." The UK National Health Service concluded in November 2014, "While e-cigarettes may be safer than conventional cigarettes, we don’t yet know the long-term effects of vaping on the body. There are clinical trials in progress to test the quality, safety and effectiveness of e-cigarettes, but until these are complete, the government can’t give any advice on them or recommend their use." In December 2015, the BBC reported that five Scottish NHS boards were considering reviewing their ban on e-cigarette use on hospital grounds, after 'new evidence showed they can help smokers quit'.

text: In 2015 the

text: English National Health Service

text: advice page on smoking said "E-cigarettes are not risk free, but on current evidence they carry a fraction of the risk of smoked tobacco. As well as nicotine, e-cigarette liquid and vapour can contain toxic substances, although these are either at lower levels than seen in cigarette smoke or at levels not associated with health risk. The current best estimate is that e-cigarette use carries only around 5% of the risk of smoking. E-cigarettes are still fairly new and we won’t have a full picture on their safety until they have been in use for many years, so it will be important to continue to monitor the evidence as it develops." The UK National Health Service concluded in November 2014, "While e-cigarettes may be safer than conventional cigarettes, we don’t yet know the long-term effects of vaping on the body. There are clinical trials in progress to test the quality, safety and effectiveness of e-cigarettes, but until these are complete, the government can’t give any advice on them or recommend their use." In December 2015, the

text: BBC

text: reported that five

text: Scottish NHS

text: boards were considering reviewing their ban on e-cigarette use on hospital grounds, after 'new evidence showed they can help smokers quit'.

text: Peach allergy or intolerance is a relatively common form of hypersensitivity to proteins contained in peaches and related fruits such as (almonds). Symptoms range from local effects (e.g. oral allergy syndrome, contact urticaria) to more severe systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis (e.g. urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms). Adverse reactions are related to the "freshness" of the fruit: peeled or canned fruit may be tolerated.

text: Peach

text: allergy

text: or

text: intolerance

text: is a relatively common form of hypersensitivity to

text: protein

text: s contained in peaches and related fruits such as (

text: almond

text: s). Symptoms range from local effects (e.g.

text: oral allergy syndrome

text: contact urticaria

text: ) to more severe systemic reactions, including

text: anaphylaxis

text: (e.g.

text: urticaria

text: angioedema

text: , gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms). Adverse reactions are related to the "freshness" of the fruit: peeled or canned fruit may be tolerated.

text: To reduce the risk of recurrence, patients are recommended to undergo lifestyle changes including quitting smoking, losing weight, eating more fruits and vegetables, and exercising regularly.

text: Respiratory dysfunction

text: Respiratory dysfunction

text: The point of the body where a pathogen enters is called the locus. In droplet, contact and other airborne transmission it may be the respiratory system, but it could also be the gastrointestinal tract.

text: The point of the body where a pathogen enters is called the locus. In droplet, contact and other airborne transmission it may be the

text: respiratory system

text: , but it could also be the gastrointestinal tract.

text: Snakes do not ordinarily prey on humans. Unless startled or injured, most snakes prefer to avoid contact and will not attack humans. With the exception of large constrictors, nonvenomous snakes are not a threat to humans. The bite of a nonvenomous snake is usually harmless; their teeth are not designed for tearing or inflicting a deep puncture wound, but rather grabbing and holding. Although the possibility of infection and tissue damage is present in the bite of a nonvenomous snake, venomous snakes present far greater hazard to humans. The World Health Organisation lists snakebite under the "other neglected conditions" category.

text: Snakes do not ordinarily prey on humans. Unless startled or injured, most snakes prefer to avoid contact and will not attack humans. With the exception of large constrictors, nonvenomous snakes are not a threat to humans. The bite of a nonvenomous snake is usually harmless; their teeth are not designed for tearing or inflicting a deep puncture wound, but rather grabbing and holding. Although the possibility of infection and tissue damage is present in the bite of a nonvenomous snake, venomous snakes present far greater hazard to humans. The World Health Organisation lists

text: snakebite

text: under the "other neglected conditions" category.

text: Friendsand social groups have a huge impact on youth smoking. What someone’s friendsdo and say, play a huge reflection in others minds, so the desire of knowingwhat smoking is like for one person, can impact countless others. It is a mixture between peer pressure that encouragesor discourages smoking, as well as a bonding mechanism among peers. Adolescentsmay smoke because they want to belong to a particular group and have a sense offitting in, whereas other adolescents may lack the skills to refuse a cigaretteoffered by a friend (peer pressure), or someone they want to get to know. Peer smoking is by far a major influential factor in adolescentsmoking, as there are strong desires to look cool in others eyes, and to appearolder and more mature to those watching. Smoking is known to be a fun hobby where agroup of friends can get together and bond, a great example of this is hookah smoking. The enjoyment ofsmoking, the sensations, and feelings which one gets from smoking is beingtaken out of this ‘social hobby’. However, there is one major problem with this, andthat is, adolescents who start smoking in early teenage years don’t think much,or at all, about the health risks they can obtain in the near future, due tolong-term extended smoking.

text: Friendsand social groups have a huge impact on

text: youth smoking

text: . What someone’s friendsdo and say, play a huge reflection in others minds, so the desire of knowingwhat smoking is like for one person, can impact countless others. It is a mixture between

text: peer pressure

text: that encouragesor discourages smoking, as well as a bonding mechanism among peers.

text: Adolescents

text: may smoke because they want to belong to a particular group and have a sense offitting in, whereas other adolescents may lack the skills to refuse a cigaretteoffered by a friend (peer pressure), or someone they want to get to know. Peer smoking is by far a major influential factor in adolescentsmoking, as there are strong desires to look cool in others eyes, and to appearolder and more mature to those watching. Smoking is known to be a fun hobby where agroup of friends can get together and bond, a great example of this is hookah smoking. The enjoyment ofsmoking, the sensations, and feelings which one gets from smoking is beingtaken out of this ‘social hobby’. However, there is one major problem with this, andthat is, adolescents who start smoking in early teenage years don’t think much,or at all, about the

text: health risks

text: they can obtain in the near future, due tolong-term extended smoking.

text: Many health problems are due to maladaptive personal behaviors. From an evolutionary psychology perspective, over consumption of novel substances that are harmful is due to the activation of an evolved reward system for substances such as drugs, tobacco, alcohol, refined salt, fat, and carbohydrates. New technologies such as modern transportation also cause reduced physical activity. Research has found that behavior is more effectively changed by taking evolutionary motivations into consideration instead of only presenting information about health effects. Thus, the increased use of soap and hand-washing to prevent diarrhea is much more effectively promoted if its lack of use is associated with the emotion of disgust. Disgust is an evolved system for avoiding contact with substances that spread infectious diseases. Examples might include films that show how fecal matter contaminates food. The marketing industry has long known the importance of associating products with high status and attractiveness to others. Conversely, it has been argued that emphasizing the harmful and undesirable effects of tobacco smoking on other persons and imposing smoking bans in public places have been particularly effective in reducing tobacco smoking.

text: Many health problems are due to maladaptive personal behaviors. From an

text: evolutionary psychology

text: perspective, over consumption of novel substances that are harmful is due to the activation of an evolved

text: reward system

text: for substances such as drugs, tobacco, alcohol, refined salt, fat, and carbohydrates. New technologies such as modern transportation also cause reduced physical activity. Research has found that behavior is more effectively changed by taking evolutionary motivations into consideration instead of only presenting information about health effects. Thus, the increased use of soap and hand-washing to prevent

text: diarrhea

text: is much more effectively promoted if its lack of use is associated with the emotion of

text: disgust

text: . Disgust is an evolved system for avoiding contact with substances that spread infectious diseases. Examples might include films that show how fecal matter contaminates food. The marketing industry has long known the importance of associating products with high status and attractiveness to others. Conversely, it has been argued that emphasizing the harmful and undesirable effects of tobacco smoking on other persons and imposing smoking bans in public places have been particularly effective in reducing tobacco smoking.

text: In a literature review published in the journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, J.T. Zelikoff concludes that there are a wide variety of health risks posed by residential wood combustion. She writes:The Washington Department of Ecology also published a booklet explaining why wood smoke can be dangerous. It explains that human lung and respiratory systems are unable to filter particles emitted by wood combustion, which penetrate deeply into the lungs. For months, cancer causing chemicals can continue to cause changes and structural damage within the respiratory system. Young children, seniors, pregnant women, smokers and individuals with respiratory disorders are most vulnerable. Wood smoke can cause disease and even death in children because it is associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Home fireplaces have caused fatal carbon monoxide poisoning.

text: In a literature review published in the journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, J.T. Zelikoff concludes that there are a wide variety of health risks posed by residential wood combustion. She writes:The

text: Washington Department of Ecology

text: also published a booklet explaining why wood smoke can be dangerous. It explains that human lung and respiratory systems are unable to filter particles emitted by wood combustion, which penetrate deeply into the lungs. For months, cancer causing chemicals can continue to cause changes and structural damage within the respiratory system. Young children, seniors, pregnant women, smokers and individuals with respiratory disorders are most vulnerable. Wood smoke can cause disease and even death in children because it is associated with

text: lower respiratory tract infection

text: s. Home fireplaces have caused fatal

text: carbon monoxide poisoning

text: Conditions, in Kilmainham Gaol, were good.  However the situation of food soon came up in a complaint by Colonel Blackwell to the lord lieutenant.  But at least two of Blackwell’s comrades did not share his criticism.  Blackwell is noted to have become increasingly discontented, and quarreled violently with his colleagues. During routine exercise he often acted offensively to Tandy, Morres and Corbet, or they to him. Consequently, he was given the option of joining those prisoners who had a general mess, or having a yard of his own in which to exercise. He chose to join the prisoners and was temporarily content. Having complained about the food and quarreled with his colleagues to the extent that he would not dine with them; Dr. Trevor now discovered Blackwell eating as heartily as any other prisoner. Soon, however, he required his food to be routinely inspected. Complicating this disposition, Blackwell was the victim of what appeared to be an epileptic fit. Despite all of this it was proposed that all four be brought together again.

text: Conditions, in

text: Kilmainham Gaol

text: , were good.  However the situation of food soon came up in a complaint by Colonel Blackwell to the lord lieutenant.  But at least two of Blackwell’s comrades did not share his criticism.  Blackwell is noted to have become increasingly discontented, and quarreled violently with his colleagues. During routine exercise he often acted offensively to Tandy, Morres and Corbet, or they to him. Consequently, he was given the option of joining those prisoners who had a general mess, or having a yard of his own in which to exercise. He chose to join the prisoners and was temporarily content. Having complained about the food and quarreled with his colleagues to the extent that he would not dine with them; Dr. Trevor now discovered Blackwell eating as heartily as any other prisoner. Soon, however, he required his food to be routinely inspected. Complicating this disposition, Blackwell was the victim of what appeared to be an epileptic fit. Despite all of this it was proposed that all four be brought together again.

text: Pakistan's health indicators, health funding, and health and sanitation infrastructure are generally poor, particularly in rural areas. About 19 percent of the population is malnourished—a higher rate than the 17 percent average for developing countries—and 30 percent of children under age five are malnourished. Leading causes of sickness and death include gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, congenital abnormalities, tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid fever. The United Nations estimates that in 2003 Pakistan’s human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rate was 0.1 percent among those 15–49, with an estimated 4,900 deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a major health concern, and both the government and religious community are engaging in efforts to reduce its spread. In 2003 there were 68 physicians for every 100,000 persons in Pakistan. According to 2002 government statistics, there were 12,501 health institutions nationwide, including 4,590 dispensaries, 906 hospitals with a total of 80,665 hospital beds, and 550 rural health centers with a total of 8,840 beds. According to the World Health Organization, Pakistan’s total health expenditures amounted to 3.9 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2001, and per capita health expenditures were US$16. The government provided 24.4 percent of total health expenditures, with the remainder being entirely private, out-of-pocket expenses.

text: Pakistan's

text: health indicators

text: , health funding, and health and

text: sanitation

text: infrastructure are generally poor, particularly in rural areas. About 19 percent of the population is

text: malnourished

text: —a higher rate than the 17 percent average for developing countries—and 30 percent of children under age five are malnourished. Leading causes of sickness and death include

text: gastroenteritis

text: respiratory infections

text: congenital abnormalities

text: tuberculosis

text: malaria

text: , and

text: typhoid fever

text: . The

text: United Nations

text: estimates that in 2003 Pakistan’s

text: human immunodeficiency virus

text: (HIV) prevalence rate was 0.1 percent among those 15–49, with an estimated 4,900 deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a major health concern, and both the government and religious community are engaging in efforts to reduce its spread. In 2003 there were 68 physicians for every 100,000 persons in Pakistan. According to 2002 government statistics, there were 12,501 health institutions nationwide, including 4,590 dispensaries, 906

text: hospitals

text: with a total of 80,665 hospital beds, and 550 rural health centers with a total of 8,840 beds. According to the

text: World Health Organization

text: , Pakistan’s total health expenditures amounted to 3.9 percent of gross domestic product (

text: GDP

text: ) in 2001, and per capita health expenditures were US$16. The government provided 24.4 percent of total health expenditures, with the remainder being entirely private, out-of-pocket expenses.

text: If one does continue tobacco smoking after giving birth, however, it is still more beneficial to breastfeed than to completely avoid this practice altogether. There is evidence that breastfeeding offers protection against many infectious diseases, especially diarrhea. Even in babies exposed to the harmful effects of nicotine through breast milk, the likelihood of acute respiratory illness is significantly diminished when compared to infants whose mothers smoked but were formula fed.  Regardless, the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the risks of nicotine exposure.

text: If one does continue

text: tobacco smoking

text: after giving birth, however, it is still more beneficial to

text: breastfeed

text: than to completely avoid this practice altogether. There is evidence that breastfeeding offers protection against many

text: infectious diseases

text: , especially diarrhea. Even in babies exposed to the harmful effects of nicotine through breast milk, the likelihood of acute respiratory illness is significantly diminished when compared to infants whose mothers smoked but were formula fed.  Regardless, the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the risks of nicotine exposure.

text: There is a lack of well-designed clinical trials to support the effectiveness of yoga in improving general health, and anti-gravity yoga is too new to have been studied in this way.  However, anecdotal evidence indicates that by facilitating bending and stretching of the whole body during exercise, muscles and joints will be strengthened and rehabilitated, and the spine decompressed as the body hangs freely.  As with other forms of active exercise, the circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems are improved through increased blood circulation.  Yoga in general, and anti-gravity yoga in particular is promoted as benefiting emotional, psychological and spiritual health.

text: On the southwestern edge of Süddorf, there is the Satteldüne sanitorium, which specialises in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system of children and adolescents. Moreover, Amrum's school house, the Öömrang Skuul with elementary and secondary divisions, is located in this part of Nebel.

text: On the southwestern edge of Süddorf, there is the Satteldüne

text: sanitorium

text: , which specialises in the treatment of diseases of the

text: respiratory system

text: of children and adolescents. Moreover, Amrum's school house, the Öömrang Skuul with

text: elementary

text: and

text: secondary

text: divisions, is located in this part of Nebel.

text: Sleeping porches first gained popularity at the turn of the 20th century. Many people believed that fresh air helped sufferers of tuberculosis, a respiratory-system illness which was the leading cause of death at that time in the United States. Health experts then also touted the benefits of fresh air for avoiding other illnesses.

text: Sleeping porches first gained popularity at the turn of the 20th century. Many people believed that fresh air helped sufferers of

text: tuberculosis

text: , a respiratory-system illness which was the leading cause of death at that time in the

text: United States

text: . Health experts then also touted the benefits of fresh air for avoiding other illnesses.

text: Filburt Turtle is Rocko's other best friend, a neurotic, hypochondriac turtle wearing Woody Allen-style glasses. He started out as a different character, usually seen having many jobs, such as a supermarket cashier and a clerk at the Department of Motor Vehicles, before being written in the storyline as Rocko and Heffer's friend in the second season. He lives in a trailer and earns his money by collecting cans "here and there", and has a penchant for "sauce". Filburt has an extremely weak stomach and even the slightest wrong movements can give him nausea. He tried to be a dentist but failed in his last exam when he turned one of Rocko's teeth into a Giant Mutant Tooth. He turned 21 in the second-season episode "Born to Spawn" where he is called to his home island of Kerplopitgoes in order to become an adult. At one point, he also had a Frank Sinatra style singing voice that he nearly became a star with. He eventually started a family with Dr. Hutchison, a bubbly cat with a hook for a hand. One of their children turned out to bear a strong resemblance to Heffer, thanks to his having sat on their egg during the incubation period. Among Filburt's catchphrases are "Oh fish sticks!", "I'm nauseous... I'm nauseous.", and "Turn the page, wash your hands. Turn the page, wash your hands. And then you turn the page, and then you wash your hands..." and, "oh boy".

text: Filburt Turtle is Rocko's other best friend, a

text: neurotic

text: hypochondria

text: c

text: turtle

text: wearing

text: Woody Allen

text: -style glasses. He started out as a different character, usually seen having many jobs, such as a supermarket cashier and a clerk at the Department of Motor Vehicles, before being written in the storyline as Rocko and Heffer's friend in the second season. He lives in a

text: trailer

text: and earns his money by collecting cans "here and there", and has a penchant for "

text: sauce

text: ". Filburt has an extremely weak stomach and even the slightest wrong movements can give him nausea. He tried to be a dentist but failed in his last exam when he turned one of Rocko's teeth into a Giant Mutant Tooth. He turned 21 in the second-season episode "Born to Spawn" where he is called to his home island of Kerplopitgoes in order to become an adult. At one point, he also had a

text: Frank Sinatra

text: style singing voice that he nearly became a star with. He eventually started a family with Dr. Hutchison, a bubbly cat with a hook for a hand. One of their children turned out to bear a strong resemblance to Heffer, thanks to his having sat on their egg during the incubation period. Among Filburt's

text: catchphrase

text: s are "Oh fish sticks!", "I'm nauseous... I'm nauseous.", and "Turn the page, wash your hands. Turn the page, wash your hands. And then you turn the page, and then you wash your hands..." and, "oh boy".

text: Fritz Balduin Lickint (1 October 1898 – 7 July 1960) was a Dresden internist and social democrat, who investigated scientifically health problems and social problems related to alcohol and tobacco, described in the 1920s cancer of the lung from smoking and the cancer pathway alongside the respiratory and upper digestive tract. In 1925 he published about an increase of gastric ulcer and stomach cancer in smokers. All his life Lickint was an engaged social democrat and member of the union "social democratic physicians". Because of his political attitude he lost his job at the Chemnitz hospital in 1934, shortly after the Nazis came into power, and was convened to military service in 1939 as a basic aidman. Not before 1945 he was able to return to his work as a hospital physician and later became hospital director.Lickint was one of the first physicians describing physical and psychological tobacco dependence as a disease, which needs treatment, suggesting a number of therapies (part of them still in use). He also pointed to the "anti-social behavior of many smokers, polluting ambient air recklessly and harming health of other people". Lickint created the term "passive smoking". The Nazis usurped these thoughts, but simultaneously supplied soldiers with cigarettes and cooperated with the German tobacco industry Reemtsma, also in Austria.Later the propaganda of the tobacco industry in Austria and Germany traced the origin of the non-smoking movement back to the Nazi time, when actually more cigarettes were smoked than ever before. In fact the movement against alcohol and nicotine had started in the social democratic party at the beginning of the 20th century, even though research and ideas of Fritz Lickint were also used in the anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany. Though he was not the first to publish statistical evidence suggesting a link between cancer and tobacco consumption, in 1929 Lickint published the most thorough case-series study at the time. In 1939, Lickint in collaboration with The Reich's Committee for the Struggle against Addictive Drugs and the German Antitobacco League published Tobak and Organisms, a 1200-page volume covering 8000 publications which is considered to be the largest scholarly compilation on the ills of tobacco at the time. This in turn earned him the title as the physician "most hated by the tobacco industry." Lickint argued that tobacco was highly addicitive and that its usage was responsible for thousands of cancers in Nazi Germany.

text: Fritz Balduin Lickint (1 October 1898 – 7 July 1960) was a

text: Dresden

text: internist and social democrat, who investigated scientifically health problems and social problems related to alcohol and tobacco, described in the 1920s cancer of the lung from smoking and the cancer pathway alongside the respiratory and upper digestive tract. In 1925 he published about an increase of gastric ulcer and stomach cancer in smokers. All his life Lickint was an engaged social democrat and member of the union "social democratic physicians". Because of his political attitude he lost his job at the Chemnitz hospital in 1934, shortly after the Nazis came into power, and was convened to military service in 1939 as a basic aidman. Not before 1945 he was able to return to his work as a hospital physician and later became hospital director.Lickint was one of the first physicians describing physical and psychological tobacco dependence as a disease, which needs treatment, suggesting a number of therapies (part of them still in use). He also pointed to the "anti-social behavior of many smokers, polluting ambient air recklessly and harming health of other people". Lickint created the term "passive smoking". The Nazis usurped these thoughts, but simultaneously supplied soldiers with cigarettes and cooperated with the German tobacco industry

text: Reemtsma

text: , also in Austria.Later the propaganda of the tobacco industry in Austria and Germany traced the origin of the non-smoking movement back to the Nazi time, when actually more cigarettes were smoked than ever before. In fact the movement against alcohol and nicotine had started in the social democratic party at the beginning of the 20th century, even though research and ideas of Fritz Lickint were also used in the

text: anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany

text: . Though he was not the first to publish statistical evidence suggesting a link between cancer and

text: tobacco

text: consumption, in 1929 Lickint published the most thorough

text: case-series study

text: at the time. In 1939, Lickint in collaboration with

text: The Reich's Committee for the Struggle against Addictive Drugs

text: and the

text: German Antitobacco League

text: published

text: Tobak and Organisms

text: , a 1200-page volume covering 8000 publications which is considered to be the largest scholarly compilation on the ills of tobacco at the time. This in turn earned him the title as the physician "most hated by the tobacco industry." Lickint argued that tobacco was highly addicitive and that its usage was responsible for thousands of cancers in

text: Nazi Germany

text: Gorilla Glue is harmful by inhalation, and irritating to the eyes, respiratory system, and skin. Keep away from animals and children. If Gorilla Glue is ingested, it may cause gastrointestinal blockage, and medical attention should be sought immediately. If it does get into your eyes then you should flush them thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes and then get medical attention.  If you have chronic asthmatic conditions then you should consult a physician before use. If you get it on your skin then just wash it off with a rough textured soap and some water. And if you inhale it and causes you physical discomfort then move to an area with fresh air, if breathing difficulties continue or you swallow it then find medical attention immediately. Wearing gloves while using it is recommended. Contains known or suspected carcinogens (may cause cancer).

text: Rosemary Alison Stanton (née Finley) (born, 5 June 1944, Sydney, New South Wales) (OAM) is an Australian nutritionist and dietician.  Stanton has been called "the first 'celebrity' dietitian". As of 2001, Stanton had written 29 books and over 3000 articles and had a regular spot on Burke's Backyard. She was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 1998 for her services to community health. She has been awarded with an honorary doctorate for her publications and role in public health, and is a visiting fellow at the University of New South Wales.

text: Rosemary Alison Stanton (née Finley) (born, 5 June 1944, Sydney, New South Wales) (

text: OAM

text: ) is an Australian

text: nutritionist

text: and

text: dietician

text: .  Stanton has been called "the first 'celebrity' dietitian". As of 2001, Stanton had written 29 books and over 3000 articles and had a regular spot on

text: Burke's Backyard

text: . She was awarded the

text: Medal of the Order of Australia

text: in 1998 for her services to community health. She has been awarded with an honorary doctorate for her publications and role in public health, and is a

text: visiting fellow

text: at the

text: University of New South Wales

text: Through use of the Distribute system, state and local public health agencies voluntarily contributed data on influenza like illness (ILI), and other syndromes of interest, for comparison with data from other jurisdictions.  Typically contributors sent data to Distribute on a daily basis.  These data were anonymous and described counts of emergency department visits within public health jurisdictions for several disease syndromes.  These counts, and the proportions derived from dividing each by the total number of visits for the jurisdiction, could be viewed by the general public and made available to contributing public health agencies to permit comparisons of acute respiratory illness in different states and cities.

text: A healthy lifestyle is not based solely around eating right; exercise and diet work together to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide section of the Health Canada website also stresses the importance of physical activity to a maintaining a healthy lifestyle and body weight. "The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend accumulating 2 ½ hours of moderate to vigorous physical activity each week for adults and at least 60 minutes a day for children and youth."

text: Ascending slowly is the best way to avoid altitude sickness. Avoiding strenuous activity such as skiing, hiking, etc. in the first 24 hours at high altitude reduces the symptoms of AMS. Alcohol and sleeping pills are respiratory depressants, and thus slow down the acclimatization process and should be avoided. Alcohol also tends to cause dehydration and exacerbates AMS. Thus, avoiding alcohol consumption in the first 24–48 hours at a higher altitude is optimal.

text: Luminex Corporation currently owns 315 issued patents worldwide, including over 124 issued patents in the United States based on its multiplexing xMAP platform.  Luminex's proprietary multiplex bead-based immunoassay testing platform simultaneously measures multiple analytes by exciting a sample with a laser, and subsequently analyzing the wavelength of emitted light. Luminex's MAGPIX platform utilizes LED technology and digital photography to analyze,"color-coded magnetic microspheres".  In 2008 Luminex received FDA 510(k) clearance for its xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel which allows doctors to test for the presence of 12 respiratory viruses with a very high degree of accuracy in a matter of hours, and has been proven to provide an increase in accuracy over in-house nucleic acid amplification testing in the diagnosis of respiratory virus infections.  Luminex's xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel was granted a CE mark by the European Union in 2012 and received FDA and Health Canada clearance in early 2013.  Luminex also has an extensive portfolio of genetics assays focused on cystic fibrosis and pharmacogenetics.

text: Luminex Corporation currently owns 315 issued patents worldwide, including over 124 issued patents in the United States based on its

text: multiplexing

text: xMAP platform.  Luminex's proprietary multiplex bead-based

text: immunoassay

text: testing platform simultaneously measures multiple analytes by exciting a sample with a laser, and subsequently analyzing the wavelength of emitted light. Luminex's MAGPIX platform utilizes

text: LED

text: technology and digital photography to analyze,"color-coded magnetic microspheres".  In 2008 Luminex received FDA 510(k) clearance for its xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel which allows doctors to test for the presence of 12 respiratory viruses with a very high degree of accuracy in a matter of hours, and has been proven to provide an increase in accuracy over in-house nucleic acid amplification testing in the diagnosis of respiratory virus infections.  Luminex's xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel was granted a

text: CE mark

text: by the European Union in 2012 and received FDA and Health Canada clearance in early 2013.  Luminex also has an extensive portfolio of genetics assays focused on cystic fibrosis and pharmacogenetics.

text: Bags of cement routinely have health and safety warnings printed on them because not only is cement highly alkaline, but the setting process is also exothermic. As a result, wet cement is strongly caustic and can easily cause severe skin burns if not promptly washed off with water. Similarly, dry cement powder in contact with mucous membranes can cause severe eye or respiratory irritation.  The reaction of cement dust with moisture in the sinuses and lungs can also cause a chemical burn as well as headaches, fatigue, and lung cancer.

text: Bags of cement routinely have health and safety warnings printed on them because not only is cement highly

text: alkali

text: ne, but the setting process is also

text: exothermic

text: . As a result, wet cement is strongly

text: caustic

text: and can easily cause severe

text: skin burn

text: s if not promptly washed off with water. Similarly, dry cement powder in contact with

text: mucous membrane

text: s can cause severe eye or respiratory irritation.  The reaction of cement dust with moisture in the sinuses and lungs can also cause a chemical burn as well as headaches, fatigue, and lung cancer.

text: Metals may adversely affect the nervous system. A 2013 review found metallic and nanoparticles are associated with respiratory distress and disease. A 2014 review found considerable amounts of tin, metals, and silicate particles that came from various components of the e-cigarette were released into the aerosol, which result in exposure that could be higher than with cigarette smoke. A 2013 study found metal particles in the aerosol were at levels 10-50 times less than permitted in inhalation medicines. A 2014 review suggested that there is no evidence of contamination of the aerosol with metals that justifies a health concern.

text: Metals may adversely affect the

text: nervous system

text: . A 2013 review found metallic and nanoparticles are associated with respiratory distress and disease. A 2014 review found considerable amounts of tin, metals, and silicate particles that came from various components of the e-cigarette were released into the aerosol, which result in exposure that could be higher than with cigarette smoke. A 2013 study found metal particles in the aerosol were at levels 10-50 times less than permitted in

text: inhalation medicines

text: . A 2014 review suggested that there is no evidence of contamination of the aerosol with metals that justifies a health concern.

text: The same committee analyzed the effects of health insurance on adult's health outcomes: adults who do not have health insurance coverage who acquire Medicare coverage at age 65, experience substantially improved health and functional status, particularly those who have cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Adults who have cardiovascular disease or other cardiac risk factors that are uninsured are less likely to be aware of their condition, which leads to worse health outcomes for those individuals. Without health insurance, adults are more likely to be diagnosed with certain cancers that would have been detectable earlier by screening by a clinician if they had regularly visited a doctor. As a consequence, these adults are more likely to die from their diagnosed cancer or suffer poorer health outcomes.

text: Objectification theory suggests both direct and indirect consequences of objectification to women. Indirect consequences include self consciousness in terms that a woman is consistently checking or rearranging her clothes or appearance to ensure that she is presentable. More direct consequences are related to sexual victimization. Rape and sexual harassment are examples of this. Doob (2012) states that sexual harassment is one of the challenges faced by women in workplace. This may constitute sexual jokes or comments, most of which are degrading. Research indicates that objectification theory is valuable to understanding how repeated visual images in the media are socialized and translated into mental health problems, including psychological consequences on the individual and societal level. These include increased self-consciousness, increased body anxiety, heightened mental health threats (depression, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and sexual dysfunction), and increased body shame. Therefore, the theory has been used to explore an array of dependent variables including disordered eating, mental health, depression, motor performance, body image, idealized body type, stereotype formation, sexual perception and sexual typing. Body shame is a byproduct of the concept of an idealized body type adopted by most Western cultures that depicts a thin, model-type figure. Thus, women will engage in actions meant to change their body such as dieting, exercise, eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, etc. Effects of objectification theory are identified on both the individual and societal levels.

text: Objectification theory suggests both direct and indirect consequences of objectification to women. Indirect consequences include

text: self consciousness

text: in terms that a woman is consistently checking or rearranging her clothes or appearance to ensure that she is presentable. More direct consequences are related to sexual victimization. Rape and sexual harassment are examples of this. Doob (2012) states that sexual harassment is one of the challenges faced by women in workplace. This may constitute sexual jokes or comments, most of which are degrading. Research indicates that objectification theory is valuable to understanding how repeated visual images in the media are socialized and translated into

text: mental health

text: problems, including psychological consequences on the individual and societal level. These include increased self-consciousness, increased body anxiety, heightened mental health threats (

text: depression

text: anorexia nervosa

text: bulimia

text: , and

text: sexual dysfunction

text: ), and increased body shame. Therefore, the theory has been used to explore an array of dependent variables including

text: disordered eating

text: mental health

text: depression

text: , motor performance,

text: body image

text: , idealized body type,

text: stereotype

text: formation, sexual perception and sexual typing. Body shame is a byproduct of the concept of an idealized body type adopted by most Western cultures that depicts a thin, model-type figure. Thus, women will engage in actions meant to change their body such as dieting, exercise, eating disorders,

text: cosmetic surgery

text: , etc. Effects of objectification theory are identified on both the individual and societal levels.

text: Firefighters are at the greatest risk for acute and chronic health effects resulting from wildfire smoke exposure. Due to firefighters' occupational duties, they are frequently exposed to hazardous chemicals at a close proximity for longer periods of time. A case study on the exposure of wildfire smoke among wildland firefighters shows that firefighters are exposed to significant levels of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritants above OSHA-permissible exposure limits (PEL) and ACGIH threshold limit values (TLV). 5–10% are overexposed. The study obtained exposure concentrations for one wildland firefighter over a 10-hour shift spent holding down a fireline. The firefighter was exposed to a wide range of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritant (combination of particulate matter 3.5 µm and smaller, acrolein, and formaldehype) levels. Carbon monoxide levels reached up to 160ppm and the TLV irritant index value reached a high of 10. In contrast, the OSHA PEL for carbon monoxide is 30ppm and for the TLV respiratory irritant index, the calculated threshold limit value is 1; any value above 1 exceeds exposure limits.

text: Firefighters are at the greatest risk for acute and chronic health effects resulting from wildfire smoke exposure. Due to firefighters' occupational duties, they are frequently exposed to

text: hazardous chemicals

text: at a close proximity for longer periods of time. A case study on the exposure of wildfire smoke among wildland firefighters shows that firefighters are exposed to significant levels of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritants above

text: OSHA

text: -permissible exposure limits (PEL) and ACGIH threshold limit values (TLV). 5–10% are overexposed. The study obtained exposure concentrations for one wildland firefighter over a 10-hour shift spent holding down a fireline. The firefighter was exposed to a wide range of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritant (combination of particulate matter 3.5 µm and smaller, acrolein, and formaldehype) levels. Carbon monoxide levels reached up to 160ppm and the TLV irritant index value reached a high of 10. In contrast, the OSHA PEL for carbon monoxide is 30ppm and for the TLV respiratory irritant index, the calculated threshold limit value is 1; any value above 1 exceeds exposure limits.

text: In the workplace, people may be exposed to enflurane by breathing it in as a waste anaesthetic gas, swallowing it, eye contact, or skin contact. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) for exposure to waste anaesthetic gas of 2 ppm (15.1 mg/m) over a 60-minute period. Symptoms of occupational exposure to enflurane include eye irritation, central nervous system depression, analgesia, anesthesia, convulsions, and respiratory depression.

text: In the workplace, people may be exposed to enflurane by breathing it in as a waste anaesthetic gas, swallowing it, eye contact, or skin contact. The

text: (NIOSH) has set a

text: recommended exposure limit

text: (REL) for exposure to waste anaesthetic gas of 2 ppm (15.1 mg/m) over a 60-minute period. Symptoms of occupational exposure to enflurane include eye irritation,

text: central nervous system depression

text: analgesia

text: anesthesia

text: convulsions

text: , and

text: respiratory depression

text: Following work on harvester ants in 1995, doctors John Lighton and David Berrigan proposed the chthonic hypothesis. It was observed that many insects that demonstrate discontinuous gas exchange cycles are exposed to hypoxia (low  O levels) and hypercapnia (high CO levels) by spending at least part of their life cycle in enclosed spaces underground. Lighton and Berrigan hypothesized that discontinuous gas exchange cycles may be an adaptation to maximize partial pressure gradients between an insect’s respiratory system and the environment in which it lives. Alternatively, insects could obtain enough O by opening their spiracles for extended periods of time. However, unless their environment is very humid, water will be lost from the respiratory system to the environment. Discontinuous gas exchange cycles, therefore, may limit water loss while facilitating O consumption and CO removal in such environments. Many researchers describe this theory as the chthonic-hygric hypothesis and consider it to support the hygric hypothesis. However, others emphasize the importance of maximizing partial pressure gradients alone and consider the chthonic hypothesis to be distinct from the hygric hypothesis.

text: Following work on

text: harvester ant

text: s in 1995, doctors John Lighton and David Berrigan proposed the chthonic hypothesis. It was observed that many insects that demonstrate discontinuous gas exchange cycles are exposed to

text: hypoxia

text: (low  O levels) and

text: hypercapnia

text: (high CO levels) by spending at least part of their

text: life cycle

text: in enclosed spaces underground. Lighton and Berrigan hypothesized that discontinuous gas exchange cycles may be an

text: adaptation

text: to maximize

text: partial pressure

text: gradients between an insect’s respiratory system and the environment in which it lives. Alternatively, insects could obtain enough O by opening their spiracles for extended periods of time. However, unless their environment is very

text: humid

text: , water will be lost from the respiratory system to the environment. Discontinuous gas exchange cycles, therefore, may limit water loss while facilitating O consumption and CO removal in such environments. Many researchers describe this theory as the chthonic-hygric hypothesis and consider it to support the hygric hypothesis. However, others emphasize the importance of maximizing

text: partial pressure

text: gradients alone and consider the chthonic hypothesis to be distinct from the hygric hypothesis.

text: Some linguists and philosophers of language have criticized Fodor's self-proclaimed "extreme" concept nativism. Kent Bach, for example, takes Fodor to task for his criticisms of lexical semantics and polysemy. Fodor claims that there is no lexical structure to such verbs as "keep", "get", "make" and "put". He suggests that, alternatively, "keep" simply expresses the concept KEEP (Fodor capitalizes concepts to distinguish them from properties, names or other such entities). If there is a straightforward one-to-one mapping between individual words and concepts, "keep your clothes on", "keep your receipt" and "keep washing your hands" will all share the same concept of KEEP under Fodor's theory. This concept presumably locks on to the unique external property of keeping. But, if this is true, then RETAIN must pick out a different property in RETAIN YOUR RECEIPT, since one can't retain one's clothes on or retain washing one's hands. Fodor's theory also has a problem explaining how the concept FAST contributes, differently, to the contents of FAST CAR, FAST DRIVER, FAST TRACK, and FAST TIME. Whether or not the differing interpretations of "fast" in these sentences are specified in the semantics of English, or are the result of pragmatic inference, is a matter of debate. Fodor's own response to this kind of criticism is expressed bluntly in Concepts: "People sometimes used to say that exist must be ambiguous because look at the difference between 'chairs exist' and 'numbers exist'. A familiar reply goes: the difference between the existence of chairs and the existence of numbers seems, on reflection, strikingly like the difference between numbers and chairs. Since you have the latter to explain the former, you don't also need 'exist' to be polysemic."

text: Some linguists and philosophers of language have criticized Fodor's self-proclaimed "extreme" concept nativism.

text: Kent Bach

text: , for example, takes Fodor to task for his criticisms of

text: lexical semantics

text: and

text: polysemy

text: . Fodor claims that there is no lexical structure to such verbs as "keep", "get", "make" and "put". He suggests that, alternatively, "keep" simply expresses the concept KEEP (Fodor capitalizes concepts to distinguish them from properties, names or other such entities). If there is a straightforward one-to-one mapping between individual words and concepts, "keep your clothes on", "keep your receipt" and "keep washing your hands" will all share the same concept of KEEP under Fodor's theory. This concept presumably locks on to the unique external property of keeping. But, if this is true, then RETAIN must pick out a different property in RETAIN YOUR RECEIPT, since one can't retain one's clothes on or retain washing one's hands. Fodor's theory also has a problem explaining how the concept FAST contributes, differently, to the contents of FAST CAR, FAST DRIVER, FAST TRACK, and FAST TIME. Whether or not the differing interpretations of "fast" in these sentences are specified in the semantics of English, or are the result of

text: pragmatic

text: inference, is a matter of debate. Fodor's own response to this kind of criticism is expressed bluntly in Concepts: "People sometimes used to say that exist must be ambiguous because look at the difference between 'chairs exist' and 'numbers exist'. A familiar reply goes: the difference between the existence of chairs and the existence of numbers seems, on reflection, strikingly like the difference between numbers and chairs. Since you have the latter to explain the former, you don't also need 'exist' to be polysemic."

text: Many companies in the 21st century do not allow smoking on their property, although some employers allow workers to leave the premises to smoke, and some jurisdictions have laws prohibiting smoking in an enclosed place where others are employed. Smoke breaks can be of different lengths but for the most part are shorter than lunch breaks. Some employers are very strict about smoking.  A criticism of smoking breaks is that non-smoking employees do not receive the small respite because they simply do not smoke.  To certain working environments, however, smoking breaks are widely accepted and seen by some as a good way to network with colleagues (and the management).

text: Studies have shown that people who are atopic (sensitive), already suffer from allergies, asthma, or compromised immune systems and occupy damp or moldy buildings are at an increased risk of health problems such as inflammatory and toxic responses to mold spores, metabolites and other components. The most common health problem is an allergic reaction. Other problems are respiratory and/or immune system responses including respiratory symptoms, respiratory infections, exacerbation of asthma, and rarely hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. Severe reactions are rare but possible. A person's reaction to mold depends on their sensitivity and other health conditions, the amount of mold present, length of exposure and the type of mold or mold products.

text: Studies have shown that people who are

text: atopic

text: (sensitive), already suffer from

text: allergies

text: asthma

text: , or compromised

text: immune system

text: s and occupy damp or moldy buildings are at an increased risk of health problems such as inflammatory and toxic responses to mold spores, metabolites and other components. The most common health problem is an allergic reaction. Other problems are respiratory and/or immune system responses including respiratory symptoms, respiratory infections, exacerbation of asthma, and rarely hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. Severe reactions are rare but possible. A person's reaction to mold depends on their sensitivity and other health conditions, the amount of mold present, length of exposure and the type of mold or mold products.

text: While there exists the potential for injury while running (just as there is in any sport), there are many benefits. Some of these benefits include potential weight loss, improved cardiovascular and respiratory health (reducing the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases), improved cardiovascular fitness, reduced total blood cholesterol, strengthening of bones (and potentially increased bone density), possible strengthening of the immune system and an improved self-esteem and emotional state. Running, like all forms of regular exercise, can effectively slow or reverse the effects of aging.

text: While there exists the potential for injury while running (just as there is in any sport), there are many benefits. Some of these benefits include potential

text: weight loss

text: , improved

text: cardiovascular

text: and

text: respiratory

text: health (reducing the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases), improved cardiovascular fitness, reduced total blood

text: cholesterol

text: , strengthening of bones (and potentially increased bone density), possible strengthening of the

text: immune system

text: and an improved self-esteem and emotional state. Running, like all forms of regular exercise, can effectively slow or reverse the effects of aging.

text: Exercise itself is catabolic, which results in a brief reduction in mass. The gain in weight that can result of it comes from the anabolic overcompensation when the body recovers and overcompensates via muscle hypertrophy. This can happen by an increase in the muscle proteins, or through enhanced storage of glycogen in muscles. Exercise can help stimulate a person's appetite if they are not inclined to eat.

text: Exercise itself is

text: catabolic

text: , which results in a brief reduction in mass. The gain in weight that can result of it comes from the

text: anabolic

text: overcompensation when the body recovers and overcompensates via muscle

text: hypertrophy

text: . This can happen by an increase in the muscle proteins, or through enhanced storage of

text: glycogen

text: in muscles. Exercise can help stimulate a person's appetite if they are not inclined to eat.

text: After a very quick preview of the previous events, the Librarian's (whose name is revealed to be Margaret Tess Madding) funeral begins. At the end, the Vicar asks you to investigate on Moses's behalf, as the Vicar does not believe Moses would do such a heinous crime without a strong motive. As you stand outside the Church's doors with the Vicar, the Colonel appears and says that he found something. Before he can say what, though, a block falls from the belfry and hits the Colonel, killing him. In the bell tower, you find Mrs. Gossip polishing the bells, saying that with Moses in jail, someone needs to do the cleaning around here. She also mentions that she thought she saw the Doctor (a lovely man, she says) in the belfry. When you visit the Doctor, he says that Mrs. Gossip's mental state degenerates daily and says that Mrs. Gossip said that she saw him because "when she saw him at the funeral, she must have carried the image with her".  At the Police Station, the Constable informs you that Moses escaped, as someone knocked down the wall and took Moses with him/her. In the Colonel's house, there is a lot of information on Lady Snobbish but in the safe, you find notes on the secret research the counterfeit Colonel was conducting. Apparently, the Miller had really been a Snobbish, and he had a kid, too. At the Church, you find out that the Vicar had helped Moses escape, as Moses is in the Church. The Vicar says that "he" claims it is his son, but The Vicar fears a darker force. At Riddle Manor, Lady Snobbish says that (once you show her the newspaper clipping that Mother sent you) the man in the portrait is her late husband's grandfather, and as she married into the family, she bears no resemblance. When you ask her if there are any other members of the Snobbish family, she very heatedly says no. Hopeful, you visit Mrs. Gossip and after looking at the photograph that you found under some sacks at the Mill (in Episode 2), she recognizes the woman in the picture as Mrs. Wentworth, the late wife of Moses, and the little boy as Charlie, her son. She mentions that Mrs. Wentworth was into the Miller for some time. At the Doctor's surgery, the Doctor conducts a test on you before giving you some pills to take before bed, saying that you need something to relieve the pressure on you. He says to come back tomorrow, but not in the morning, as he has an appointment with Lady Snobbish. At night, you retire to your room in the Hotel, and the dream you have (after taking the pills the Doctor gave you) leads you to fitting the pieces together in your mind. At the end of the episode, you put your suspicions on the Doctor, and think that the Doctor is going to murder Lady Snobbish too. When Bragg checks on the Doctor at Lady Snobbish's house, everyone/thing is fine. Frustrated, and thinking that he was made a fool of, the Inspector puts you in prison.

text: A posser was historically a tool used for possing laundry by pumping the posser up and down on the laundry in the tub, or mixing laundry while hand washing it. Possers come in various forms; there is usually a vertical pole with a handle bar at the top but the base can be conical or domed. It has a double rim with a row of holes around the edge of the outer one. A similar tool with three (or more) legs was called a peggy-legs. Sometimes they took the form of a flat disk.  As hand washing has been replaced by electric and mechanical washing machines, words and implements used for hand washing have fallen out of common use.

text: A posser was historically a tool used for possing laundry by pumping the posser up and down on the laundry in the tub, or mixing

text: laundry

text: while hand washing it. Possers come in various forms; there is usually a vertical pole with a handle bar at the top but the base can be conical or domed. It has a double rim with a row of holes around the edge of the outer one. A similar tool with three (or more) legs was called a peggy-legs. Sometimes they took the form of a flat disk.  As hand washing has been replaced by electric and mechanical

text: washing machine

text: s, words and implements used for hand washing have fallen out of common use.

text: Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure, a lower resting heart rate, a greater capacity for carrying oxygen to the blood, a greater power for neutralizing the chemical products of muscular exercise, higher blood hemoglobin and more red blood cells".

text: Pubertal development also affects

text: circulatory

text: and

text: respiratory

text: systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure, a lower resting heart rate, a greater capacity for carrying oxygen to the blood, a greater power for neutralizing the chemical products of muscular exercise, higher blood hemoglobin and more red blood cells".

text: Because people with a substance addiction are highly reactive to environmental cues previously associated with drug use, a common treatment strategy is to advise them to avoid people and situations formerly associated with drug use.  For example, a smoker attempting to quit should avoid other smokers and places where smoking is prevalent (like bars in places were smoking is still allowed in bars). Although the relationship between cue reactivity in the laboratory and relapse to drug use in the real world is still poorly understood, considerable anecdotal evidence from drug treatment programs and smoking cessation counselors suggests that people with an addiction who seek treatment are more successful at remaining abstinent if they take special care to avoid cues associated with prior drug use.

text: In the first of the two passages, it is actually the hands that are specifically identified as "washed" (), not the entire persons, who are described as having (literally) "baptized themselves" – ). Zodhiates identifies the meaning of baptizo here as 'immerse', even if not totally ("wash part of the body such as the hands"). but the word is rendered "wash themselves" or "purify themselves", not "baptize themselves" or "immerse themselves", by modern English Bible translations, professional commentaries, and translation guides. For the same reason, the Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek–English Lexicon (1996) cites the other passage () as an instance of the use of the word baptizo to mean "perform ablutions", not "baptize", "dip", "plunge", "immerse", and the standard lexicon of Bauer and Danker treats it as an instance of a derived meaning, "wash ceremonially for the purpose of purification", distinct from the basic meaning ("immerse") of the verb baptizo, in line with the view that  cannot refer to a total immersion of the person. References to the cleaning of vessels which use baptizo also refer to immersion,.

text: In the first of the two passages, it is actually the hands that are specifically identified as "washed" (), not the entire persons, who are described as having (literally) "baptized themselves" – ). Zodhiates identifies the meaning of baptizo here as 'immerse', even if not totally ("wash part of the body such as the hands"). but the word is rendered "wash themselves" or "purify themselves", not "baptize themselves" or "immerse themselves", by modern English Bible translations, professional commentaries, and translation guides. For the same reason, the Liddell-Scott-Jones

text: Greek–English Lexicon

text: (1996) cites the other passage () as an instance of the use of the word baptizo to mean "perform ablutions", not "baptize", "dip", "plunge", "immerse", and the standard lexicon of Bauer and Danker treats it as an instance of a derived meaning, "wash ceremonially for the purpose of purification", distinct from the basic meaning ("immerse") of the verb baptizo, in line with the view that  cannot refer to a total immersion of the person. References to the cleaning of vessels which use baptizo also refer to immersion,.

text: Hospital and specialist care in New Zealand is totally covered by the government if the patient is referred by a general or family practitioner and this is funded from government expenditure (approx. 77%). Private payment by individuals also plays an important role in the overall system although the cost of these payments are comparatively minor. Those earning less than certain amounts, depending on the number of dependents in their household, can qualify for a Community Services Card (CSC). This reduces the cost of after-hours doctors' visits, and prescription fees, but no longer reduces the cost of visits to a person's regular doctor.

text: Hospital and specialist care in New Zealand is totally covered by the government if the patient is referred by a general or family practitioner and this is funded from government expenditure (approx. 77%). Private payment by individuals also plays an important role in the overall system although the cost of these payments are comparatively minor. Those earning less than certain amounts, depending on the number of dependents in their household, can qualify for a

text: Community Services Card

text: (CSC). This reduces the cost of after-hours doctors' visits, and prescription fees, but no longer reduces the cost of visits to a person's regular doctor.

text: All hospitals were informed to remain vigilant, and to notify Singapore's Ministry of Health (MOH) immediately of any suspected cases of avian influenza in individuals who have recently returned from affected areas in China. MOH advised returning travellers from affected areas in China (Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang) to look out for signs and symptoms of respiratory illness, such as fever and cough, and seek early medical attention if they are ill with such symptoms. MOH also advised individuals to inform their doctors of their travel history, should they develop these symptoms after returning to Singapore.

text: All hospitals were informed to remain vigilant, and to notify

text: Singapore's Ministry of Health

text: (MOH) immediately of any suspected cases of avian influenza in individuals who have recently returned from affected areas in China. MOH advised returning travellers from affected areas in China (Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang) to look out for signs and symptoms of respiratory illness, such as fever and cough, and seek early medical attention if they are ill with such symptoms. MOH also advised individuals to inform their doctors of their travel history, should they develop these symptoms after returning to Singapore.

text: "Droplet transmission occurs when respiratory droplets generated via coughing, sneezing or talking contact susceptible mucosal surfaces, such as the eyes, nose or mouth.  Transmission may also occur indirectly via contact with contaminated formites with hands and then mucosal surfaces. Respiratory droplets are large and are not able to remain suspended in the air thus they are usually dispersed over short distances."

text: In Italy the public system has the unique feature of paying general practitioners a fee per capita per year, a salary system, that does not reward repeat visits, testing, and referrals.While there is a paucity of nurses, Italy has one of the highest doctor per capita ratios at 3.9 doctors per 1,000 patients.In 2005, Italy spent 8.9% of GDP on health care, or US$2,714 per capita. Of that, approximately 76% was government expenditure.

text: In Italy the public system has the unique feature of paying general practitioners a fee

text: per capita

text: per year, a salary system, that does not reward repeat visits, testing, and referrals.While there is a paucity of nurses, Italy has one of the highest doctor per capita ratios at 3.9

text: doctor

text: s per 1,000 patients.In 2005, Italy spent 8.9% of GDP on health care, or US$2,714 per capita. Of that, approximately 76% was government expenditure.

text: After threshing is finished, to avoid  mixing the dirty remnants with the clean, new stalks, the threshing floor must be cleaned first with a rake to move the  heavier material, and then with several brooms (in the narrow sense: they are typically made from "broom shrub"—Cytisus scoparius—and are stronger than domestic brooms). Also the straw was accumulated carefully and stored, because it was a good fodder for livestock. The entire process of threshing generates a thin dust that soaks in through the respiratory system and sticks to the throat.

text: After threshing is finished, to avoid  mixing the dirty remnants with the clean, new stalks, the threshing floor must be cleaned first with a rake to move the  heavier material, and then with several brooms (in the narrow sense: they are typically made from "

text: broom shrub

text: Cytisus scoparius

text: —and are stronger than domestic brooms). Also the straw was accumulated carefully and stored, because it was a good

text: fodder

text: for

text: livestock

text: . The entire process of threshing generates a thin dust that soaks in through the

text: respiratory system

text: and sticks to the

text: throat

text: Robbie Daw of Idolator praised the collaboration, writing "the marriage of Chris Martin and [Rihanna]'s vocals is a solid one", but noted that he was not sure what to expect. Judah Joseph of The Huffington Post praised the song, calling it a "collaborative monster", and noted that the song was likely to be chosen as a single to gain airplay and because "it is simply too good". Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph reviewed the song favourably, and labelled the collaboration as "effective", writing "the richly textured backing bringing out interesting nuances in her sweet but tough vocal, but it is the very English soulfulness of Martin himself that really adds depth to Coldplay." Jason Lipshutz, of Billboard, called the song "the most epic breakup song in recent memory: after Chris Martin warbles, "Once upon a time, we fell apart/You hold it in your hands, like two halves in your heart," the verse is washed away in a sea of sinister synthesizer and pounding "Woh-oh-oh's". Mark Hogan of Spin gave a mixed review of the song, writing that although the song is "inoffensive", it is not "inspiring".

text: Robbie Daw of

text: Idolator

text: praised the collaboration, writing "the marriage of Chris Martin and [Rihanna]'s vocals is a solid one", but noted that he was not sure what to expect. Judah Joseph of The Huffington Post praised the song, calling it a "collaborative monster", and noted that the song was likely to be chosen as a single to gain airplay and because "it is simply too good". Neil McCormick of

text: The Daily Telegraph

text: reviewed the song favourably, and labelled the collaboration as "effective", writing "the richly textured backing bringing out interesting nuances in her sweet but tough vocal, but it is the very English soulfulness of Martin himself that really adds depth to Coldplay." Jason Lipshutz, of

text: Billboard

text: , called the song "the most epic breakup song in recent memory: after Chris Martin warbles, "Once upon a time, we fell apart/You hold it in your hands, like two halves in your heart," the verse is washed away in a sea of sinister synthesizer and pounding "Woh-oh-oh's". Mark Hogan of

text: Spin

text: gave a mixed review of the song, writing that although the song is "inoffensive", it is not "inspiring".

text: The contagion heuristic is a psychological heuristic leading people to avoid contact with people or objects viewed as "contaminated" by previous contact with someone or something viewed as bad—or, less often, to seek contact with objects that have been in contact with people or things considered good. For example, we tend to view food that has touched the ground as contaminated by the ground, and therefore unfit to eat, or we view a person who has touched a diseased person as likely to carry the disease (regardless of the actual contagiousness of the disease).

text: The contagion heuristic is a

entity_name: Heuristics in judgment and decision-making

text: psychological heuristic

text: leading people to avoid contact with people or objects viewed as "contaminated" by previous contact with someone or something viewed as bad—or, less often, to seek contact with objects that have been in contact with people or things considered good. For example, we tend to view food that has touched the ground as contaminated by the ground, and therefore unfit to eat, or we view a person who has touched a diseased person as likely to carry the disease (regardless of the actual contagiousness of the disease).

text: The pernicious Three Corpses/Worms work to harm their host's health and fate by initiating sicknesses, inviting other disease-causing agents into the body, and reporting their host's transgressions to the gods. The Three Corpses are supposed to keep records of their host's misdeeds, ascend to tian "heaven" bimonthly on the night of Chinese sexagenary gengshen 庚申 "57th of the 60-day cycle" while the host is sleeping, and file reports to the Siming 司命 "Director of Destinies" who deducts a certain number of days from the person's life for each misdeed. One way of avoiding this bureaucratic snitching is to stay awake for the entire gengshen day and night, thus preventing the Three Corpses from leaving one's body (a belief later assimilated into the Japanese Kōshin 庚申 tradition).

text: The pernicious Three Corpses/Worms work to harm their host's health and fate by initiating sicknesses, inviting other disease-causing agents into the body, and reporting their host's transgressions to the gods. The Three Corpses are supposed to keep records of their host's misdeeds, ascend to

text: tian

text: "heaven" bimonthly on the night of Chinese

text: sexagenary

text: gengshen 庚申 "57th of the 60-day cycle" while the host is sleeping, and file reports to the Siming 司命 "Director of Destinies" who deducts a certain number of days from the person's life for each misdeed. One way of avoiding this bureaucratic snitching is to stay awake for the entire gengshen day and night, thus preventing the Three Corpses from leaving one's body (a belief later assimilated into the Japanese

text: Kōshin

text: 庚申 tradition).

text: Air pollution is of concern in Europe because it may impair health and damage the environment. Long term exposure to air polluted with fine particles in Europe, especially that from proximity to traffic, is associated with deaths from natural causes and low birth weight (but not necessarily with non-malignant respiratory deaths). In the EU, it is estimated to cost the healthcare system 1 million euros per year (nine percent of the EU Gross Domestic Product (GDP). and 2.2 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are lost due to poor indoor air quality; it is estimated that 30% of those who spend a majority of their time within EU buildings suffer from Sick Building Syndrome (SBS).

text: Air pollution is of concern in Europe because it may impair health and damage the environment. Long term exposure to air polluted with fine particles in Europe, especially that from proximity to

text: traffic

text: , is associated with deaths from

text: natural causes

text: and

text: low birth weight

text: (but not necessarily with non-

text: malignant

text: respiratory

text: deaths). In the EU, it is estimated to cost the healthcare system 1 million euros per year (nine percent of the EU

text: Gross Domestic Product

text: (GDP). and 2.2 million

text: disability-adjusted life years

text: (DALYs) are lost due to poor indoor air quality; it is estimated that 30% of those who spend a majority of their time within EU buildings suffer from

text: Sick Building Syndrome

text: (SBS).

text: Because PPS can fatigue facial muscles, as well as cause dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dysarthria (difficulty speaking) or aphonia (inability to produce speech), persons with PPS may become malnourished due to difficulty eating. Compensatory routines can help relieve these symptoms such as eating smaller portions at a time and sitting down whilst eating. PPS with respiratory involvement requires special management such as breathing exercises, chest percussion with a stethoscope on regular occasions for observation of the disease and management of secretions. Failure to properly assess PPS with respiratory involvement can increase the risk of missing aspiration pneumonia (an infection of the lower respiratory tract) in an individual. Severe cases may require permanent ventilation or tracheostomy. Sleep apnoea may also occur. Other management strategies that may lead to improvement include smoking cessation, treatment of other respiratory diseases and vaccination against respiratory infections such as influenza.

text: Because PPS can fatigue facial muscles, as well as cause

text: dysphagia

text: (difficulty swallowing),

text: dysarthria

text: (difficulty speaking) or

text: aphonia

text: (inability to produce speech), persons with PPS may become malnourished due to difficulty eating. Compensatory routines can help relieve these symptoms such as eating smaller portions at a time and sitting down whilst eating. PPS with respiratory involvement requires special management such as breathing exercises, chest percussion with a stethoscope on regular occasions for observation of the disease and management of secretions. Failure to properly assess PPS with respiratory involvement can increase the risk of missing aspiration

text: pneumonia

text: (an infection of the lower respiratory tract) in an individual. Severe cases may require permanent ventilation or

text: tracheostomy

text: Sleep apnoea

text: may also occur. Other management strategies that may lead to improvement include

text: smoking cessation

text: , treatment of other respiratory diseases and

text: vaccination

text: against respiratory infections such as

text: influenza

text: Even though Guatemala has improved its health care system substantially since the end of the Guatemalan Civil War, mortality rates for communicable diseases still show that considerable progress needs to be made  to remove the burden of infectious diseases on the population. In a country like Guatemala, water is poor and frequently contaminated. In order to decrease common communicable diseases like diarrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and respiratory disease, clean water and sanitation are necessary. With the health care system's provision of both clean water and food, the incidence of infectious and communicable diseases will decrease.

text: Even though Guatemala has improved its health care system substantially since the end of the Guatemalan Civil War, mortality rates for communicable diseases still show that considerable progress needs to be made  to remove the burden of infectious diseases on the population. In a country like Guatemala, water is poor and frequently contaminated. In order to decrease common communicable diseases like diarrhea,

text: tuberculosis

text: pneumonia

text: , and respiratory disease, clean water and sanitation are necessary. With the health care system's provision of both clean water and food, the incidence of infectious and communicable diseases will decrease.

text: During the 2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis, Russian special forces used an unidentified gas (thought to be 3-methylfentanyl or another fentanyl variant dissolved in halothane gas) in an attempt to induce sleep in both hostages and terrorists. Many of the hostages and terrorists (including all of the suicide bombers) were anesthetized, but some terrorists donned gas masks and thus were able to avoid the effects of the gas. Because the agent used was a potent Fentanyl derivative (a synthetic opioid), it causes respiratory depression and ultimately respiratory failure if administered in high enough dosages. The central nervous system effects, such as anesthesia and respiratory depression could have been reversed by an opioid antagonist such as naloxone, which is stocked by hospitals and most ambulances. However, because the Russian authorities did not release any information regarding what type of agent was used, medical professionals were unaware that an opioid had been used during the rescue attempt and thus were unable to administer the antidote which could have saved most hostages. Approximately 700 hostages were rescued, while 130 died from exposure to the gas. All the terrorists were ultimately killed by Russian forces through some combination of gas exposure and gunfire.

text: During the 2002

text: Moscow theater hostage crisis

text: , Russian special forces used an unidentified gas (thought to be

text: or another

text: fentanyl

text: variant dissolved in halothane gas) in an attempt to induce sleep in both hostages and terrorists. Many of the hostages and terrorists (including all of the suicide bombers) were anesthetized, but some terrorists donned gas masks and thus were able to avoid the effects of the gas. Because the agent used was a potent Fentanyl derivative (a synthetic opioid), it causes respiratory depression and ultimately respiratory failure if administered in high enough dosages. The central nervous system effects, such as anesthesia and respiratory depression could have been reversed by an opioid antagonist such as

text: naloxone

text: , which is stocked by hospitals and most ambulances. However, because the Russian authorities did not release any information regarding what type of agent was used, medical professionals were unaware that an opioid had been used during the rescue attempt and thus were unable to administer the antidote which could have saved most hostages. Approximately 700 hostages were rescued, while 130 died from exposure to the gas. All the terrorists were ultimately killed by Russian forces through some combination of gas exposure and gunfire.

text: Keeping people from starting smoking is a key aspect of preventing COPD. The policies of governments, public health agencies, and anti-smoking organizations can reduce smoking rates by discouraging people from starting and encouraging people to stop smoking. Smoking bans in public areas and places of work are important measures to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and while many places have instituted bans more are recommended.

text: Keeping people from starting smoking is a key aspect of preventing COPD. The

text: policies

text: of governments, public health agencies, and anti-smoking organizations can reduce smoking rates by discouraging people from starting and encouraging people to stop smoking.

text: Smoking ban

text: s in public areas and places of work are important measures to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and while many places have instituted bans more are recommended.

text: Columbus State offers two-year career programs in more than 50 areas of business, health, public service, human service, engineering technologies, and facility maintenance as well as transfer programs for students interested in completing the first two years of a bachelor's degree, then transferring to a four-year university. Degree program offerings are very diverse, including fields such as Nursing, Architecture, Geographic Information Systems, and Nuclear Medicine Technology. Columbus State also offers Automotive Technology, Applied Technology, Aviation Technology, Real Estate, Law Enforcement, Paralegal Studies, Fire Science, Sport & Exercise Studies (five majors: Sport Management, Physical Education, Exercise Science, Recreation & Leisure Studies and Wellness & Health Promotion), Massage Therapy, Veterinary Technology, and Respiratory Care.

text: Columbus State offers two-year career programs in more than 50 areas of business, health, public service, human service, engineering technologies, and facility maintenance as well as transfer programs for students interested in completing the first two years of a bachelor's degree, then transferring to a four-year university. Degree program offerings are very diverse, including fields such as

text: Nursing

text: Architecture

text: Geographic Information Systems

text: , and

text: Nuclear Medicine Technology

text: . Columbus State also offers Automotive Technology, Applied Technology, Aviation Technology, Real Estate, Law Enforcement, Paralegal Studies, Fire Science, Sport & Exercise Studies (five majors: Sport Management, Physical Education, Exercise Science, Recreation & Leisure Studies and Wellness & Health Promotion), Massage Therapy, Veterinary Technology, and Respiratory Care.

text: Funding for the health care is transferred from the general revenues of the Canadian federal government to the 10 provinces and 3 territories through the Canada Health Transfer. Some provinces also charge annual health care premiums. These are, in effect, taxes (since they are not tied to service use, nor to provincial health expenditures). The system is accordingly classified by the OECD as a tax-supported system, as opposed to the social insurance approaches used in many European countries. Boards in each province regulate the cost, which is then reimbursed by the federal government. Currently, patients do not pay out of pocket costs to visit their doctor.

text: Funding for the health care is transferred from the general revenues of the Canadian federal government to the 10 provinces and 3 territories through the

text: Canada Health Transfer

text: . Some provinces also charge annual health care premiums. These are, in effect, taxes (since they are not tied to service use, nor to provincial health expenditures). The system is accordingly classified by the

entity_name: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

text: OECD

text: as a tax-supported system, as opposed to the social insurance approaches used in many European countries. Boards in each province regulate the cost, which is then reimbursed by the federal government. Currently, patients do not pay out of pocket costs to visit their doctor.

text: Alexander continued to suffer periods of ill-health, and was advised by his doctor to leave Melbourne for healthier climes.  Three months of seaside air of Geelong helped him recover his health, and he returned to the city.  Little information exists about much of Alexander's years in Melbourne, but from November 1891 onwards, newspapers began to report his participation in amateur dramatic recitals, and give them positive reviews. However, Alexander began to suffer from hoarseness, and at times after performing could hardly speak. Friends also noted audible "gasping" during his recitations. As described forty years later in the first chapter of his book The Use of the Self, advice from doctors and voice trainers did not have the necessary results, so he began a process of self-examination with mirrors into his speaking habits to see if he could determine the cause. With time, he found that by using "conscious control" of actions, by inhibiting wrong movements rather than trying to "do" correct ones, and by focussing on the "means whereby" rather than "the end to be gained", his vocal problems and longstanding respiratory problems disappeared. The evidence from other publications of Alexander's, however, suggests that these insights came to Alexander over a much longer period and in a less systematic fashion than he described in 1932, with some terms and procedures not appearing in his writings until as late as 1924.

text: Alexander continued to suffer periods of ill-health, and was advised by his doctor to leave Melbourne for healthier climes.  Three months of seaside air of

text: Geelong

text: helped him recover his health, and he returned to the city.  Little information exists about much of Alexander's years in Melbourne, but from November 1891 onwards, newspapers began to report his participation in amateur dramatic recitals, and give them positive reviews. However, Alexander began to suffer from hoarseness, and at times after performing could hardly speak. Friends also noted audible "gasping" during his recitations. As described forty years later in the first chapter of his book The Use of the Self, advice from doctors and voice trainers did not have the necessary results, so he began a process of self-examination with mirrors into his speaking habits to see if he could determine the cause. With time, he found that by using "conscious control" of actions, by inhibiting wrong movements rather than trying to "do" correct ones, and by focussing on the "means whereby" rather than "the end to be gained", his vocal problems and longstanding respiratory problems disappeared. The evidence from other publications of Alexander's, however, suggests that these insights came to Alexander over a much longer period and in a less systematic fashion than he described in 1932, with some terms and procedures not appearing in his writings until as late as 1924.

text: With OFWs travelling back and forth between countries, it cannot be avoided that disease will be spread from one nation to another. The risk involved here is that communities and people who have never been exposed to a certain disease will not have the necessary antibodies to fight the sickness.

text: The out-of-pocket fee amount for a doctor's visit or treatment in the primary health care is set at a maximum of EUR 13.70 (in 2010) and the amount varies from one local authority to another. Hospital out-patients pay EUR 27.40 per consultation; in-patients pay a per diem charge of EUR 32.50. For long-term illnesses, the charges are based largely on income. Although a vital part for health financing and provision, the current system of the user fees has been discussed to contribute to the inequities in the access of health services among the low-income residents.

text: The

text: out-of-pocket

text: fee amount for a doctor's visit or treatment in the primary health care is set at a maximum of EUR 13.70 (in 2010) and the amount varies from one local authority to another. Hospital

text: out-patient

text: s pay EUR 27.40 per consultation; in-patients pay a

text: per diem

text: charge of EUR 32.50. For long-term illnesses, the charges are based largely on income. Although a vital part for health financing and provision, the current system of the user fees has been discussed to contribute to the inequities in the access of health services among the low-income residents.

text: Adverse respiratory health effects are associated with occupancy in buildings with moisture and mold damage.

text: The CDC experienced difficulties and embarrassment relating to safe patient air-transport during an international tuberculosis scare in 2007. Additionally, the memory of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic of 2003-2004 and the then-current avian influenza threat (both potentially requiring transport of sick patients back to the U.S. from the Far East) prompted CDC officials to initiate the program that became the ABCS. The Cartersville, Georgia-based military airlift provider Phoenix Air was contracted; the CDC provided medical expertise to the collaboration, while the DoD provided some of the protective technology  through its Edgewood Chemical Biological Center.

text: The CDC experienced difficulties and embarrassment relating to safe patient air-transport during an international

text: tuberculosis scare in 2007

text: . Additionally, the memory of the

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) epidemic of 2003-2004 and the then-current

text: avian influenza

text: threat (both potentially requiring transport of sick patients back to the U.S. from the Far East) prompted CDC officials to initiate the program that became the ABCS. The

text: Cartersville, Georgia

text: -based military airlift provider

text: Phoenix Air

text: was contracted; the CDC provided medical expertise to the collaboration, while the DoD provided some of the protective technology  through its

text: Edgewood Chemical Biological Center

text: One of the most adverse impacts of poor waste management, especially municipal waste, is the incidence and prevalence of diseases such as malaria and respiratory problems, as well as other illnesses through the contamination of ground water. Biomedical wastes pose great danger in Bangladesh too as a report estimated that 20% of the biomedical waste is "highly infectious" and is a hazard since it is often disposed of into the sewage system or drains.  Such poor sanitation has serious consequences for the health of the residents and a report suggests that "most of the child mortality could be related with this problem".  With regards to the living standards, solid waste leads to blockage in the drainage system which leads to flooding in the streets. Consequently, mosquitoes and bad odour are among the negative impacts resulted.

text: One of the most adverse impacts of poor waste management, especially municipal waste, is the incidence and prevalence of diseases such as

text: malaria

text: and respiratory problems, as well as other illnesses through the contamination of ground water.

text: Biomedical wastes

text: pose great danger in Bangladesh too as a report estimated that 20% of the biomedical waste is "highly infectious" and is a hazard since it is often disposed of into the

text: sewage system

text: or drains.  Such poor

text: sanitation

text: has serious consequences for the health of the residents and a report suggests that "most of the

text: child mortality

text: could be related with this problem".  With regards to the living standards, solid waste leads to blockage in the drainage system which leads to flooding in the streets. Consequently,

text: mosquitoes

text: and bad odour are among the negative impacts resulted.

text: As with other rabbits, Polish rabbits do not do well in high temperatures, but can withstand low temperatures if they are kept dry and out of drafts. They are prone to hairball obstructions and matted coats if not cared for properly. Other health concerns include ear mites, Pasturella, respiratory disease, dental problems, urinary bladder stones and fractured backs. Be quick to notice any changes in diet or litter box habits and contact a rabbit veterinarian immediately.

text: The long-term effects regarding respiratory flow resistance are unknown. E-cigarettes could harm the respiratory system. The immediate effects of e-cigarettes after 5 minutes of use on pulmonary function resulted in considerable increases in resistance to lung airflow. A 2013 review found an instant increase in airway resistance after using a single e-cigarette. Any reported harmful effects to cardiovascular and respiratory functions after short-term use of e-cigarettes were appreciably milder in comparison to cigarette smoke. When used in the short-term, an e-cigarette resulted in a rise of respiratory resistance comparatively to traditional cigarettes. E-cigarette use could result in respiratory diseases among youth.

text: The long-term effects regarding respiratory flow resistance are unknown. E-cigarettes could harm the

text: respiratory system

text: . The immediate effects of e-cigarettes after 5 minutes of use on pulmonary function resulted in considerable increases in resistance to lung airflow. A 2013 review found an instant increase in airway resistance after using a single e-cigarette. Any reported harmful effects to cardiovascular and respiratory functions after short-term use of e-cigarettes were appreciably milder in comparison to cigarette smoke. When used in the short-term, an e-cigarette resulted in a rise of respiratory resistance comparatively to traditional cigarettes. E-cigarette use could result in respiratory diseases among youth.

text: Thogotovirus is a genus of enveloped RNA viruses, one of six genera in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. Their single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome has six or seven segments. Thogotoviruses are distinguished from most other orthomyxoviruses  by being arboviruses – viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, in this case usually ticks. Thogotoviruses can replicate in both tick cells and vertebrate cells; one subtype has also been isolated from mosquitoes. A consequence of being transmitted by blood-sucking vectors is that the virus must spread systemically in the vertebrate host – unlike influenza viruses, which are transmitted by respiratory droplets and are usually confined to the respiratory system.

text: Thogotovirus is a

text: genus

text: of

text: enveloped

text: RNA virus

text: es, one of six genera in the

text: virus

text: family

text: Orthomyxoviridae

text: . Their

text: single-stranded

text: negative-sense

text: RNA

text: genome

text: has six or seven segments. Thogotoviruses are distinguished from most other orthomyxoviruses  by being

text: arbovirus

text: es – viruses that are transmitted by

text: arthropod

text: s, in this case usually

text: tick

text: s. Thogotoviruses can replicate in both tick cells and

text: vertebrate

text: cells; one subtype has also been isolated from

text: mosquito

text: es. A consequence of being transmitted by blood-sucking

text: vectors

text: is that the virus must spread systemically in the vertebrate host – unlike

text: influenza virus

text: es, which are transmitted by respiratory droplets and are usually confined to the

text: respiratory system

text: Second-hand smoke is a mixture of smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers. It is involuntarily inhaled, lingers in the air hours after cigarettes have been extinguished, and can cause a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, respiratory infections, and asthma. Nonsmokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke at home or work increase their heart disease risk by 25–30% and their lung cancer risk by 20–30%. Second-hand smoke has been estimated to cause 38,000 deaths per year, of which 3,400 are deaths from lung cancer in nonsmokers. Sudden infant death syndrome, ear infections, respiratory infections, and asthma attacks can occur in children who are exposed to second-hand smoke.  Scientific evidence shows no level of exposure to second-hand smoke is safe.

text: Second-hand smoke

text: is a mixture of smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers. It is involuntarily inhaled, lingers in the air hours after cigarettes have been extinguished, and can cause a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer,

text: respiratory infections

text: , and

text: asthma

text: . Nonsmokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke at home or work increase their heart disease risk by 25–30% and their lung cancer risk by 20–30%. Second-hand smoke has been estimated to cause 38,000 deaths per year, of which 3,400 are deaths from lung cancer in nonsmokers. Sudden infant death syndrome, ear infections, respiratory infections, and asthma attacks can occur in children who are exposed to second-hand smoke.  Scientific evidence shows no level of exposure to second-hand smoke is safe.

text: Doctors marveled at how well the men had coped physically with their time underground, but the media frenzy surrounding the men since their rescue concerned Chilean Health Minister, Jaime Mañalich. He asked the media to treat the miners "with dignity and respect", adding that they needed "rest and repose" and a chance to come to terms with the events of the last 70 days. "They are still on an emotional roller-coaster". The medical team's psychologist, Alberto Iturra, warned that the miners were exhausted, "When that happens, your sensitivity rises to the maximum at the same time as your tolerance falls to almost nothing" he stated.  Regardless of these issues, President Piñera challenged the men to a friendly soccer game as well as inviting them to state functions including a visit to the presidential palace and the grand opening of a transcontinental highway.

text: 5. On how many days in the last 3 months did you miss family, social or leisure activities because of your headaches? 	85Additionally, there is a section for patients to share with their doctors:

text: Fluorinert may be harmful if inhaled, and care should be taken to avoid contact with eyes and skin. No health effects are expected by ingestion of Fluorinert, however.Use should be constrained to closed systems and reduced volumes, as fluorinated oils have a very high global-warming potential and a long atmospheric lifetime.

text: Fluorinert may be harmful if inhaled, and care should be taken to avoid contact with eyes and skin. No health effects are expected by ingestion of Fluorinert, however.Use should be constrained to closed systems and reduced volumes, as fluorinated oils have a very high

text: global-warming potential

text: and a long

text: atmospheric lifetime

text: Exposure to respiratory infectious diseases like tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and influenza can be reduced with the use of respirators; this exposure is a significant occupational hazard for health care professionals. Exposure to dangerous chemicals, including chemotherapy drugs, is another potential occupational risk. These drugs can cause cancer and other health conditions. Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including scabies. Health professionals are also at risk for contracting blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS through needlestick injuries or through contact with bodily fluids. This risk can be mitigated with vaccination when there is a vaccine available, like with hepatitis B. In epidemic situations, such as the 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic or the 2003 SARS outbreak, healthcare workers are at even greater risk, and were disproportionately affected in both the Ebola and SARS outbreaks. In general, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is the first-line mode of protection for healthcare workers from infectious diseases. For it to be effective against highly contagious diseases, personal protective equipment must be watertight and prevent the skin and mucous membranes from contacting infectious material. Different levels of personal protective equipment created to unique standards are used in situations where the risk of infection is different. Practices such as triple gloving and multiple respirators do not provide a higher level of protection and present a burden to the worker, who is additionally at increased risk of exposure when removing the PPE. Compliance with appropriate personal protective equipment rules may be difficult in certain situations, such as tropical environment or low-resource settings. A 2016 Cochrane systematic review found low quality evidence that using more breathable fabric in PPE, double gloving, and active training reduce the risk of contamination.

text: Exposure to respiratory infectious diseases like

text: tuberculosis

text: (caused by

text: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

text: ) and

text: influenza

text: can be reduced with the use of

text: respirator

text: s; this exposure is a significant occupational hazard for health care professionals. Exposure to dangerous chemicals, including

text: chemotherapy

text: drugs, is another potential occupational risk. These drugs can cause cancer and other health conditions. Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are contracted through extended contact with a patient, including

text: scabies

text: . Health professionals are also at risk for contracting blood-borne diseases like

text: hepatitis B

text: hepatitis C

text: , and

text: HIV/AIDS

text: through

text: needlestick injuries

text: or through contact with bodily fluids. This risk can be mitigated with vaccination when there is a vaccine available, like with hepatitis B. In epidemic situations, such as the 2014-2016

text: West African Ebola virus epidemic

text: or the

text: 2003 SARS outbreak

text: , healthcare workers are at even greater risk, and were disproportionately affected in both the Ebola and SARS outbreaks. In general, appropriate

text: personal protective equipment

text: (PPE) is the first-line mode of protection for healthcare workers from infectious diseases. For it to be effective against highly contagious diseases, personal protective equipment must be watertight and prevent the skin and mucous membranes from contacting infectious material. Different levels of personal protective equipment created to unique standards are used in situations where the risk of infection is different. Practices such as triple gloving and multiple respirators do not provide a higher level of protection and present a burden to the worker, who is additionally at increased risk of exposure when removing the PPE. Compliance with appropriate personal protective equipment rules may be difficult in certain situations, such as tropical environment or low-resource settings. A 2016 Cochrane systematic review found low quality evidence that using more breathable fabric in PPE, double gloving, and active training reduce the risk of contamination.

text: Short and long-term risk factors and goals are established, and patients are closely monitored by a "case-manager" who may be a cardiac-trained Registered Nurse, Physiotherapist, respiratory therapist, or an exercise physiologist. A dietitian helps create a healthy eating plan, and a counselor may help to alleviate stress or, for smokers, may give counseling on how to quit.

text: Short and long-term risk factors and goals are established, and patients are closely monitored by a "case-manager" who may be a cardiac-trained

text: Registered Nurse

text: Physiotherapist

text: , respiratory therapist, or an exercise

text: physiologist

text: . A dietitian helps create a healthy eating plan, and a counselor may help to alleviate stress or, for smokers, may give counseling on how to quit.

text: Key word signing is a technique of simultaneous communication whereby the communication partner of the user will use both natural speech and also produce signs for the words that carry the most important information. Key word signing puts emphasis on the pertinent words in a sentence or a phrase, rather than signing every word like you would for American Sign Language (ASL). For example, if someone said, "Go wash your hands" the key words that would be signed would be "wash" and "hand".

text: Key word signing is a technique of

text: simultaneous communication

text: whereby the communication partner of the user will use both natural

text: speech

text: and also produce

text: signs

text: for the words that carry the most important information. Key word signing puts emphasis on the pertinent words in a sentence or a phrase, rather than signing every word like you would for

text: American Sign Language

text: (ASL). For example, if someone said, "Go wash your hands" the key words that would be signed would be "wash" and "hand".

text: ‘When you stay in the tropics, you must always wash your hands.’

text: Canada's system is known as a single payer system, where basic services are provided by private doctors. Hospitals provide additional services as well as community health clinics, and private clinics. Costs are paid for by the government for many services, but other services can be covered by private health plans that many employers offer as benefits. Some provinces still charge premiums to individuals and families. As well, some hospitals charge minimal user fees for emergency room visits.

text: Canada's system is known as a

text: single payer system

text: , where basic services are provided by private doctors. Hospitals provide additional services as well as community health clinics, and private clinics. Costs are paid for by the government for many services, but other services can be covered by private health plans that many employers offer as benefits. Some provinces still charge premiums to individuals and families. As well, some hospitals charge minimal user fees for emergency room visits.

text: Smoking in Finland has reduced, the smoking rates among adults in Finland in 2009 stood at 18.6%, lower than the OECD average of 22.3%. In more recent study conducted in 2014 smoking rates for men was 17% and 14% for women. Despite the decreasing trend the health effects of tobacco smoking are considerable and smoking can still be considered as a public health issue since it is still a significant cause of avoidable premature death and illness.

text: Smoking in Finland has reduced, the smoking rates among adults in Finland in 2009 stood at 18.6%, lower than the OECD average of 22.3%. In more recent study conducted in 2014 smoking rates for men was 17% and 14% for women. Despite the decreasing trend the

text: health effects of tobacco

text: smoking are considerable and smoking can still be considered as a

text: public health

text: issue since it is still a significant cause of avoidable

text: premature death

text: and illness.

text: On their arrival, Sutekh orders Scarman to dispose of the Doctor and the robot strangles him. Scarman leaves the first chamber beneath the pyramid.  The Doctor regains consciousness, his respiratory bypass system having allowed him to avoid death. They set off in search of Scarman through a series of chambers which are dependent upon solving logical and philosophical problems.

text: She aspired to have health examinations become a fundamental aspect of the physical education system. In the years between 1930-1944, Bell wrote extensively about health examinations. World War II, especially, solidified the need for these examinations in Bell's mind. She believed that in order for women to efficiently replace men in their jobs while they were off at war, there was an immense need for women to engage in healthy habits, such as sufficient amounts of sleep, relaxation and meditation, mental hygiene, and regular exercise. Bell believed the best way to monitor the success of women following this plan was to encourage family doctors to fill out a physical examination form that would include information on health history, examination findings, any diagnoses, and the doctor's recommendations for each female student and her health. She wanted these medical cards to be filed in schools and made available to the appropriate school faculty.

text: DuBose has been an outspoken force in the mental health field, especially on the topic of eating disorders. She writes for the Huffington Post about the modeling industry, political issues, and mental health, as well as for the National Eating Disorders Association, Eating Disorder Hope, and on her website about her experiences growing up and in the fashion industry with binge eating, bulimia and anorexia nervosa. According to DuBose, her mental health issues developed when she was eight years old, after she was sexually, physically and psychologically abused.   She also writes and talks about her experiences with drug, alcohol addictions, and self harm behavior, as well as obsessive compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. She has stated that her eating disorders and mental health issues lasted for over seventeen years, but she has since been in strong recovery since 2012.

text: DuBose has been an outspoken force in the mental health field, especially on the topic of

text: eating disorders

text: . She writes for the

text: Huffington Post

text: about the modeling industry, political issues, and mental health, as well as for the

text: National Eating Disorders Association

text: , Eating Disorder Hope, and on her website about her experiences growing up and in the fashion industry with

text: binge eating

text: bulimia

text: and

text: anorexia nervosa

text: . According to DuBose, her mental health issues developed when she was eight years old, after she was

text: sexually

text: physically

text: and psychologically abused.   She also writes and talks about her experiences with drug, alcohol addictions, and

text: self harm

text: behavior, as well as

text: obsessive compulsive disorder

text: and

text: body dysmorphic disorder

text: . She has stated that her eating disorders and mental health issues lasted for over seventeen years, but she has since been in strong recovery since 2012.

text: Fixatives are more often than not highly toxic and potential health hazards to the respiratory system, hence should only be used in a well ventilated area. Such fumes may also cause irritation to the eyes. Hydrocarbon contents are also flammable and should not be placed near an open flame or any incandescent sources.

text: The body maintains a stable level of oxygen saturation for the most part by chemical processes of aerobic metabolism associated with breathing. Using the respiratory system, red blood cells, specifically the hemoglobin, gather oxygen in the lungs and distribute it to the rest of the body. The needs of the body's blood oxygen may fluctuate such as during exercise when more oxygen is required  or when living at higher altitudes. A blood cell is said to be "saturated" when carrying a normal amount of oxygen. Both too high and too low levels can have adverse effects on the body.

text: The body maintains a stable level of oxygen saturation for the most part by chemical processes of

text: aerobic metabolism

text: associated with

text: breathing

text: . Using the

text: respiratory system

text: , red blood cells, specifically the

text: hemoglobin

text: , gather oxygen in the lungs and distribute it to the rest of the body. The needs of the body's blood oxygen may fluctuate such as during exercise when more oxygen is required  or when living at higher altitudes. A blood cell is said to be "saturated" when carrying a normal amount of oxygen. Both too high and too low levels can have adverse effects on the body.

text: In the US the law requires doctors and labs to report cases of cryptosporidiosis to local or state health departments.  These departments then report to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.  The best way to prevent getting and spreading cryptosporidiosis is to have good hygiene and sanitation.  An example would be hand-washing.  Prevention is through washing hands carefully after going to the bathroom or contacting stool, and before eating.  People should avoid contact with animal feces.  They should also avoid possibly contaminated food and water.  In addition, people should refrain from engaging in sexual activities that can expose them to feces.

text: In the US the law requires doctors and labs to report cases of cryptosporidiosis to local or state health departments.  These departments then report to the

text: Center for Disease Control and Prevention

text: .  The best way to prevent getting and spreading cryptosporidiosis is to have good hygiene and sanitation.  An example would be hand-washing.  Prevention is through washing hands carefully after going to the bathroom or contacting

text: stool

text: , and before eating.  People should avoid contact with animal feces.  They should also avoid possibly contaminated food and water.  In addition, people should refrain from engaging in sexual activities that can expose them to feces.

text: In addition to this, the way that an individual responds to stress can influence their health status. Often, individuals responding to chronic stress will develop coping behaviours, some of which have a positive influences on health and others which have a negative influence. People who cope with stress through positive behaviours such as exercise or social connections may not be as affected by the relationship between stress and health, whereas those with a coping style more prone to over consumption (i.e. emotional eating, drinking, smoking or drug use)  are more likely to be see negative health effects of stress. For example, a laboratory study has shown that, while stress did not alter calorie intake or food type eaten when averaged across the sample as a whole, when looking at a subset of the sample who were classed as emotional eaters, high stress levels were associated with eating more high fat and sweet food and a more calorie dense meal overall. Therefore, the authors conclude that stress may compromise the health of certain susceptible individuals (I.e those with an emotional eating coping style).

text: In addition to this, the way that an individual responds to stress can influence their health status. Often, individuals responding to chronic stress will develop coping behaviours, some of which have a positive influences on health and others which have a negative influence. People who cope with stress through positive behaviours such as exercise or social connections may not be as affected by the relationship between stress and health, whereas those with a coping style more prone to over consumption (i.e.

text: emotional eating

text: , drinking, smoking or drug use)  are more likely to be see negative health effects of stress. For example, a laboratory study has shown that, while stress did not alter calorie intake or food type eaten when averaged across the sample as a whole, when looking at a subset of the sample who were classed as emotional eaters, high stress levels were associated with eating more high fat and sweet food and a more calorie dense meal overall. Therefore, the authors conclude that stress may compromise the health of certain susceptible individuals (I.e those with an emotional eating coping style).

text: If you are visiting Kirakira you do need to take some precautions to minimise the risk of catching Malaria. These include taking appropriate chemoprophylaxis(Either daily doxycycline or weekly Chloroquinine) and reducing your risk of being bitten by mosquitoes by wearing long sleeves shirts, using insect repellant at dusk and sleeping under a mosquito net wherever possible. You should be wary about swimming in inland river systems as there are saltwater crocodiles and there have been many instances of swimmers being bitten. Tourists and visiting students need to know that there is no TV, no Facebook and for those who are workaholics; no email access. There is reasonable mobile phone access in Kirakira and you can send a short SMS. The most relaxing part of any visit to Kirakira is that you are free from the continuous cycle of news and being accessible to your work that invades all aspects of life in the more developed world. A few weeks spent in Kirakira will do wonders for your conversation skills at night time with your fellow travellers or hosts and you just might manage to read a book or two and lower you blood pressure!

text: For hand care they are designed to protect against the harm from detergents and other irritants. To help prevent the spread of pathogens, health care providers are required to wash their hands frequently. Frequent hand washing can result in chronic damage termed irritant contact dermatitis which includes dryness, irritation, itching, and more seriously, cracking and bleeding. Irritant contact dermatitis is very common among nurses, ranging from 25% to 55%, with as many as 85% relating a history of having skin problems. The World Health Organization has considered the use of barrier creams and has found their efficacy to be "equivocal" and too expensive to be considered in health-care settings where resources are limited.

text: For hand care they are designed to protect against the harm from detergents and other irritants. To help prevent the spread of

text: pathogens

text: , health care providers are required to wash their hands frequently. Frequent hand washing can result in chronic damage termed

text: irritant contact dermatitis

text: which includes dryness, irritation, itching, and more seriously, cracking and bleeding. Irritant contact dermatitis is very common among nurses, ranging from 25% to 55%, with as many as 85% relating a history of having skin problems. The

text: World Health Organization

text: has considered the use of barrier creams and has found their efficacy to be "equivocal" and too expensive to be considered in health-care settings where resources are limited.

text: Following news of the flu outbreak in Mexico and the United States, on 26 April, Secretary for Food and Health York Chow announced that Hong Kong had raised its influenza pandemic alertness level to "serious", out of three possible alertness levels: alert, serious, and emergency. Hong Kong also became one of the first jurisdictions to declare swine flu as a notifiable disease, and much of the procedures against the spread of the swine flu were learned from the 2003 SARS outbreak, of which Hong Kong was the epicenter. Chow advised Hong Kong residents to avoid travelling to cities facing an outbreak of the flu, and stated that swine flu has been added to the list of notifiable disease, which required cases of the flu to be reported to the government. Residents were also advised to take precautionary measures against infection if travel to affected areas was necessary. Surveillance measures at boundary control points were boosted to detect travellers with fever and respiratory symptoms, and travellers who were suspected of being infected would be quarantined and monitored.

text: Following news of the flu outbreak in Mexico and the

text: United States

text: , on 26 April,

text: Secretary for Food and Health

text: York Chow

text: announced that Hong Kong had raised its

text: influenza pandemic

text: alertness level to "serious", out of three possible alertness levels: alert, serious, and emergency. Hong Kong also became one of the first jurisdictions to declare swine flu as a

text: notifiable disease

text: , and much of the procedures against the spread of the swine flu were learned from the

text: 2003 SARS outbreak

text: , of which Hong Kong was the epicenter. Chow advised Hong Kong residents to avoid travelling to cities facing an outbreak of the flu, and stated that swine flu has been added to the list of

text: notifiable disease

text: , which required cases of the flu to be reported to the government. Residents were also advised to take precautionary measures against infection if travel to affected areas was necessary. Surveillance measures at boundary control points were boosted to detect travellers with fever and respiratory symptoms, and travellers who were suspected of being infected would be quarantined and monitored.

text: Mohan (K. L. Saigal) and Gita (Leela Desai)  are friends and discover they are in love. Gita visits Mohan at his house regularly and they also rendezvous at night by the lakeside where they listen to a tramp on his violin. Mohan is making plans on increasing his allowance while Gita is worried about his health. Mohan works at a radio station as a singer. His boss (Jagdish Sethi) at the radio station is rough and kind in turn. Mohan’s friend Dr. Kedar (Najmul Hassan) is also worried about his health and repeatedly suggests Mohan take a rest from work and the city for at least a year. He advises Mohan not to think of getting married till that time. Gita’s mother (Devbala) and Aunt (Manorama Sr.) have found a suitable boy Dr. Kedar, for Gita without her knowledge. They invite him for tea where he brings Mohan with him. Mohan realises the set-up and leaves the house asking Gita to meet him at their usual place. He tells Gita that it’s time for them to stop meeting and wait for some time. Gita is upset and refuses to let him complete his conversation.

text: Mohan (

text: K. L. Saigal

text: ) and Gita (

text: Leela Desai

text: )  are friends and discover they are in love. Gita visits Mohan at his house regularly and they also rendezvous at night by the lakeside where they listen to a tramp on his violin. Mohan is making plans on increasing his allowance while Gita is worried about his health. Mohan works at a radio station as a singer. His boss (Jagdish Sethi) at the radio station is rough and kind in turn. Mohan’s friend Dr. Kedar (Najmul Hassan) is also worried about his health and repeatedly suggests Mohan take a rest from work and the city for at least a year. He advises Mohan not to think of getting married till that time. Gita’s mother (Devbala) and Aunt (Manorama Sr.) have found a suitable boy Dr. Kedar, for Gita without her knowledge. They invite him for tea where he brings Mohan with him. Mohan realises the set-up and leaves the house asking Gita to meet him at their usual place. He tells Gita that it’s time for them to stop meeting and wait for some time. Gita is upset and refuses to let him complete his conversation.

text: The Romans valued a state of valetudo, salus or sanitas. They began their correspondence with the salutation si vales valeo, "if you are well, I am" and ended it with salve, "be healthy".  The Indo-European roots are *wal-, "be strong", an wholeness were to some degree perpetuated by right living. The Hippocratic oath obliges doctors to live rightly (setting an example). The first cause thought of when people got sick was that they did not live rightly. Vegetius' brief section on the health of a Roman legion states only that a legion can avoid disease by staying out of malarial swamps, working out regularly and living a healthy life.

text: The Romans valued a state of valetudo, salus or sanitas. They began their correspondence with the salutation si vales valeo, "if you are well, I am" and ended it with salve, "be healthy".  The

text: Indo-European

text: roots are *wal-, "be strong", an wholeness were to some degree perpetuated by right living. The Hippocratic oath obliges doctors to live rightly (setting an example). The first cause thought of when people got sick was that they did not live rightly.

text: Vegetius

text: ' brief section on the health of a

text: Roman legion

text: states only that a legion can avoid disease by staying out of malarial swamps, working out regularly and living a healthy life.

text: The purpose of such visit is primary diagnostics and prescription of treatment and mode of conduct as well as prescribing blood, urine and other tests to be carried out at the polyclinic  The doctor also supplies the patient with a sick leave from work or study for a number of days and the leave is to be closed by the same doctor or his/her substitute and sealed at the clinic on the patient's recovery and checkout. If need be, the GP may arrange a visit to the sick person from one of specialist physicians from his/her clinic and of his/her nurse for giving injections.

text: The purpose of such visit is primary diagnostics and prescription of treatment and mode of conduct as well as prescribing blood, urine and other tests to be carried out at the polyclinic  The doctor also supplies the patient with a sick leave from work or study for a number of days and the leave is to be closed by the same doctor or his/her substitute and sealed at the clinic on the patient's recovery and checkout. If need be, the GP may arrange a visit to the sick person from one of

text: specialist physician

text: s from his/her clinic and of his/her nurse for giving injections.

text: Physicians who smoke may also have a bias that prevents them from giving accurate information regarding the negative health effects of tobacco to patients. Alternatively, smoking cessation advice offered by a doctor who smokes may seem hypocritical to the patient trying to quit.

text: Physicians who smoke may also have a

text: bias

text: that prevents them from giving accurate information regarding the negative health effects of tobacco to patients. Alternatively,

text: smoking cessation

text: advice offered by a doctor who smokes may seem hypocritical to the patient trying to quit.

text: The next album, Wowee Zowee, recorded in Memphis and released April 11, 1995, covered a wide range of styles including punk, country and balladry across its 18 tracks, which often avoided conventional song structures. On the Slow Century DVD, Malkmus attributed his odd choice of singles to his marijuana smoking, stating that "I was smoking a lot of grass back then but to me they sounded like hits." Although Malkmus has said in recent interviews that the album is the last "classic Pavement record," Kannberg has voiced regrets about Wowee Zowee. "We made some mistakes on that record... we were kind of pressured into putting out a record a little faster than we were ready to. I mean, I'm totally into the record. It's just if we had another six months to think about it, it would've been much different."

text: The next album,

text: Wowee Zowee

text: , recorded in Memphis and released April 11, 1995, covered a wide range of styles including punk, country and balladry across its 18 tracks, which often avoided conventional song structures. On the Slow Century DVD, Malkmus attributed his odd choice of singles to his

text: marijuana

text: smoking, stating that "I was smoking a lot of grass back then but to me they sounded like hits." Although Malkmus has said in recent interviews that the album is the last "classic Pavement record," Kannberg has voiced regrets about Wowee Zowee. "We made some mistakes on that record... we were kind of pressured into putting out a record a little faster than we were ready to. I mean, I'm totally into the record. It's just if we had another six months to think about it, it would've been much different."

text: FlyLady's methodology is outlined in Cilley's book Sink Reflections (Bantam Books, ISBN 0-553-38217-9) and on the web site.  The system encourages "baby steps" to develop routines and habits to organize and maintain your home.  The primary focus is on "Finally Loving Yourself" by making your life easier by decluttering, menu planning, "anti-procrastination" day, and establishing routines, as well as financial and health-related self-care

text: FlyLady's methodology is outlined in Cilley's book Sink Reflections (

text: Bantam Books

text: , ISBN 0-553-38217-9) and on the web site.  The system encourages "baby steps" to develop routines and habits to organize and maintain your home.  The primary focus is on "Finally Loving Yourself" by making your life easier by decluttering, menu planning, "anti-procrastination" day, and establishing routines, as well as financial and health-related self-care

text: (the following is summarized from Bradshaw et al., 2008)Jeannie was a large female chimpanzee who was a meticulous groomer with a slow, intentional gait.  She was born in 1975, and although few details are known about her early infancy, it is established that she experienced premature separation and weaning from her mother based on her species norms (prior to age 5) and was a research subject in four biomedical research laboratories for the majority of her life.  She arrived into a sanctuary environment at age 22, where she lived until her death in 2007, at age 31.  While being used as a biomedical research subject, she was housed in a 5’ x 5’ x 7’ cage that was suspended from the ceiling.  Although her species requires social bonds and interaction for health and well-being, she was housed alone.  She received repeated invasive tests, which included over 200 "knock down" anesthetizations with a dart gun, repeated vaginal washes, infection with HIV, hepatitis B and C, rhinovirus, and multiple internal biopsies, including of the liver, cervix, and lymph nodes.  Her records indicate that she experienced recurrent bouts of anorexia, resulting in severe weight loss.  After seven years of biomedical experimentation at the fourth laboratory, the staff reported that Jeannie had a "nervous breakdown".  She would alternate between dissociative "trance-like" states to severe anxiety and aggression.  Upon seeing laboratory personnel or visitors dressed in white laboratory suits and masks, she would become so distressed that she would salivate excessively, urinate and defecate, and repeatedly bang her body against her cage.  She also had seizure-like episodes, screaming, and self-injurious behavior.  Psychotropic medication was administered in attempt to manage her symptoms.  When Jeannie arrived at the sanctuary, her appetite and weight improved.  However, she initially continued to struggle daily with mood instability, self-mutilation, and hypervigilance.  She avoided social contact with both humans and chimpanzees.  Gradually, her symptoms decreased in frequency and she began to seek out comfort from other chimpanzees, but continued to struggle with limited social functioning.  She suffered from multiple medical problems that included skin problems, hand and foot tremors, upper respiratory distress, and pelvic pain.  Table 1 demonstrates Jeannie’s symptoms as they conform to a Complex PTSD presentation.

text: Like ketamine, etoxadrol produces increases in heart rate and respiratory rate. Etoxadrol may also cause vomiting. At high enough doses, etoxadrol also exhibits effects on the muscular system such as convulsions or loss of the righting reflex. When administered in excess, etoxadrol can be lethal on the respiratory system. Monkeys given extremely high (> 20 mg/kg) doses of etoxadrol died of apparent respiratory failure.

text: Like

text: ketamine

text: , etoxadrol produces increases in

text: heart rate

text: and

text: respiratory rate

text: . Etoxadrol may also cause

text: vomiting

text: . At high enough

text: doses

text: , etoxadrol also exhibits effects on the

text: muscular system

text: such as

text: convulsions

text: or loss of the

text: righting reflex

text: . When administered in excess, etoxadrol can be

text: lethal

text: on the

text: respiratory system

text: Monkeys

text: given extremely high (> 20 mg/kg)

text: doses

text: of etoxadrol died of apparent

text: respiratory failure

text: Investigation of the respiratory response to Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), repeated episodes of hypoxia, reveals connection to various breathing disorders, such as Rett syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. AIH leads to persistent increases in respiratory frequency and amplitude of integrated motor neuronal bursts in vivo. These changes lasting for 90 minutes or longer are termed long-term facilitation (LTF). AIH causes homeostatic changes in multiple sites of the respiratory system; the pre-BötC is likely the site for the LTF, since intermittent hypoxia causes an increase in persistent frequency after ongoing hypoxia.The respiratory system is regulated by multiple forms of long-term synaptic plasticity.The role of synaptic inhibition has been proved widespread and critical within the expiratory Botzinger complex respiratory network, through cross-correlation and antidromic mapping techniques. The inhibitory connections discovered indicate their ability to connect different classes of neurons, their importance in regulating the interval of inspiration, and their ability to control driving potential of respiratory neurons. These characteristics show the interaction between the parafacial respiratory group and the pre-Bötzinger complex, which allows for active expiration to be produced by synaptic inhibition within the respiratory network. Synaptic inhibition is critical for allowing the pre-Bötzinger complex to communicate with other respiratory centers in order to generate respiratory activity.

text: Investigation of the respiratory response to Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), repeated episodes of

text: hypoxia

text: , reveals connection to various breathing disorders, such as

text: Rett syndrome

text: and

text: obstructive sleep apnea

text: . AIH leads to persistent increases in respiratory frequency and amplitude of integrated motor neuronal bursts in vivo. These changes lasting for 90 minutes or longer are termed long-term facilitation (LTF). AIH causes homeostatic changes in multiple sites of the respiratory system; the pre-BötC is likely the site for the LTF, since intermittent hypoxia causes an increase in persistent frequency after ongoing hypoxia.The respiratory system is regulated by multiple forms of long-term synaptic plasticity.The role of synaptic inhibition has been proved widespread and critical within the expiratory

text: Botzinger complex

text: respiratory network, through

text: cross-correlation

text: and

text: antidromic

text: mapping techniques. The inhibitory connections discovered indicate their ability to connect different classes of neurons, their importance in regulating the interval of inspiration, and their ability to control driving potential of respiratory neurons. These characteristics show the interaction between the

text: parafacial

text: respiratory group and the pre-Bötzinger complex, which allows for active expiration to be produced by synaptic inhibition within the respiratory network. Synaptic inhibition is critical for allowing the pre-Bötzinger complex to communicate with other respiratory centers in order to generate respiratory activity.

text: A child's exposure to contaminants in the air can have detrimental health effects including heightened risk of respiratory tract infections, increased likelihood of childhood asthma,  behavioural problems and reduced neurocognitive abilities.  Exposure to mainstream and sidestream smoke in childhood poses an increased risk of coughing, wheezing, and mucus production.  Studies on rats have shown that those who were exposed to sidestream smoke while in utero and following the period directly after, had differences in airway sensitivity in comparison to those that had been exposed to sidestream smoke only while in utero or only following the period after.

text: A child's exposure to contaminants in the air can have detrimental health effects including heightened risk of respiratory tract infections, increased likelihood of childhood

text: asthma

text: ,  behavioural problems and reduced

text: neurocognitive

text: abilities.  Exposure to mainstream and sidestream smoke in childhood poses an increased risk of

text: coughing

text: wheezing

text: , and

text: mucus

text: production.  Studies on rats have shown that those who were exposed to sidestream smoke while in utero and following the period directly after, had differences in airway sensitivity in comparison to those that had been exposed to sidestream smoke only while in utero or only following the period after.

text: Beginning in the mid-90's (although elements of family-centered care began appearing in the early 1980s), however, this situation began to change. Studies began to show that many of the supposed detriments to family-centered care were negligible, not supported by research, or untrue. A study conducted in 2001 showed that open visitation had little to no effect on physiologic parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, cardiac arrhythmias, and intercranial pressure. Indeed, evidence suggested anxiety levels and general cardiovascular health were positively affected after the implementation of family-centered care, leading to fewer medical interventions being required (physical or chemical therapies in particular). Another area of concern, septic and infection control, found that as long as a patient's visitors were educated in the proper aseptic procedure (such as hand washing and use of hand sanitizer gel), infection control outcomes were not negatively affected by unrestricted visitation.

text: When a global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in 2003, and had the highest confirmed cases in China, the school postponed all scheduled trips to China in 2003 indefinitely. The group which was in China at the time of the outbreak – March and April 2003 – travelled to Xi'an instead of Beijing to avoid the peak areas of infection, and returned to Australia via Tokyo's International Airport several days before the scheduled departure on the advice of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The remaining groups returned in the second half of 2003 to participate in shortened three-week programmes.

text: When a global outbreak of

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) occurred in 2003, and had the highest confirmed cases in China, the school postponed all scheduled trips to China in 2003 indefinitely. The group which was in China at the time of the outbreak – March and April 2003 – travelled to

text: Xi'an

text: instead of Beijing to avoid the peak areas of infection, and returned to Australia via Tokyo's

text: International Airport

text: several days before the scheduled departure on the advice of the Australian

entity_name: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)

text: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

text: . The remaining groups returned in the second half of 2003 to participate in shortened three-week programmes.

text: The institute was founded in 1981 by then Prof. Ann Woolcock, a professor of respiratory medicine/science at the Sydney Medical School and was originally called the Institute of Respiratory Medicine. The Institute was renamed in memory of Woolcock in 2002 after her passing in 2001. The research institute has collaborative agreements with the Hunter Area Health Service, the University of Newcastle, and Liverpool, Concord and Royal North Shore Hospitals.

text: The institute was founded in 1981 by then Prof.

text: Ann Woolcock

text: , a professor of respiratory medicine/science at the

text: Sydney Medical School

text: and was originally called the Institute of Respiratory Medicine. The Institute was renamed in memory of Woolcock in 2002 after her passing in 2001. The research institute has collaborative agreements with the Hunter Area Health Service, the

text: University of Newcastle

text: , and

text: Liverpool

text: Concord

text: and

text: Royal North Shore Hospital

text: s.

text: The diet begins and ends each day with prayers of thanksgiving, healing, and petition. The individual should perform exercises of "Life Purpose" for two to five minutes before the day gets too stressful. The exercise should be used as a time of alignment and reflection with realignment cycles taking place every ninety minutes. Rubin recommends that one day per week in each phase, a partial fast day is taken to allow the body to cleanse and rebuild. On these partial fast days, breakfast and lunch should not be consumed, although, if supplements are being taken, they should still be consumed. Fluid consumption is crucial during these days, especially raw vegetable juices and pure water. To achieve the utmost spiritual benefits from the partial fast days, it is suggested to pray each time hunger is experienced.

text: The diet begins and ends each day with prayers of thanksgiving, healing, and petition. The individual should perform exercises of "Life Purpose" for two to five minutes before the day gets too stressful. The exercise should be used as a time of alignment and reflection with realignment cycles taking place every ninety minutes. Rubin recommends that one day per week in each phase, a partial

text: fast day

text: is taken to allow the body to cleanse and rebuild. On these partial fast days, breakfast and lunch should not be consumed, although, if supplements are being taken, they should still be consumed. Fluid consumption is crucial during these days, especially raw vegetable juices and pure water. To achieve the utmost spiritual benefits from the partial fast days, it is suggested to pray each time hunger is experienced.

text: An early study in 2005 for 38 weeks by the University of Minnesota Cancer Center's Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center and published in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, involved 68 smokers, none of whom had known health problems or intended to quit smoking in the next month. Subjects were not instructed to quit smoking during the study. The test subjects were injected four times throughout the trial: when it began, and after four, eight and 26 weeks with either one of three dosages of NicVAX or a placebo. At the conclusion of the study, it was concluded that NicVAX was "safe and well-tolerated", with side effects including headaches, colds, and upper respiratory tract infections. While most of the test subjects continued to smoke, six people from the high dosage group, one person from the medium dosage group, no one from the low dosage group, and two people from the placebo group quit smoking. They did not start again for at least thirty days.

text: An early study in 2005 for 38 weeks by the University of Minnesota Cancer Center's Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center and published in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, involved 68 smokers, none of whom had known health problems or intended to quit smoking in the next month. Subjects were not instructed to quit smoking during the study. The test subjects were injected four times throughout the trial: when it began, and after four, eight and 26 weeks with either one of three dosages of NicVAX or a

text: placebo

text: . At the conclusion of the study, it was concluded that NicVAX was "safe and well-tolerated", with side effects including

text: headache

text: s,

text: colds

text: , and

text: upper respiratory tract

text: infections. While most of the test subjects continued to smoke, six people from the high dosage group, one person from the medium dosage group, no one from the low dosage group, and two people from the placebo group quit smoking. They did not start again for at least thirty days.

text: The main hazard to be wary of is the extremely fine wood dust when sanding the wood or in some cases the pitch/sap or resin that emits harmful fumes when burning. All wood dust is hazardous & can cause respiratory problems if you do not wear a mask, some more than others & should be avoided. You should always wear a quality dust mask/respirator while power carving, and use a good dust collection system to avoid a lifetime injury to your lungs. These recommendations really are not just for power carving or sanding, but they should be used for burning as well. Remember:

text: When family members get sick with HIV or other sicknesses, family members often end up selling most of their belongings in order to provide health care for the individual. Medical facilities in many African countries are lacking. Many health care workers are also not available, in part due to lack of training by governments and in part due to the wooing of these workers by foreign medical organisations where there is a need for medical professionals. Unfortunately, many individuals who get a medical degree end up leaving Sub-Saharan Africa to work abroad "either to escape instability or to practice where they have better working conditions and a higher salary". Many low income communities are very far away from a hospital and they cannot afford to bus there or pay for medical attention once they arrive. "Healthcare in Africa differs widely, depending on the country and also the region – those living in urban areas are more likely to receive better healthcare services than those in rural or remote regions". It is very common to just wait out a sickness or seek help from a neighbor or relative.  Currently antiretroviral therapy is the closest to a cure. However, many hospitals lack enough antiretroviral drugs to treat everyone. This may be because most Sub-Saharan African countries invest "as little as 1-4 dollars per capita, [so] overseas aid is a major source of funding for healthcare". Many overseas organizations are very hesitant to give antiretroviral drugs to Sub-Saharan Africa because they are expensive, which means that there is only so much they can give. Relying on other countries for help in general requires more paperwork and faith in another country very far away. Also, delivery of drugs and other aid takes many month and years to arrive in the hands of those that need help.

text: The common cold is caused by several groups of viruses including rhinoviruses, coronaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus. Colds are the leading cause of doctor's visits and the most common reason for absences from work and school. Research suggests that routine vitamin C supplementation may modestly reduce a cold's duration and severity for the general population. While therapeutic trials of the vitamin for treatment of the common cold show no significant changes in the risk of catching a cold in the general population, statistics indicate that its anti-oxidative properties halve the risk of catching a cold in people exposed to extreme physical stress. In brief, it is unclear to what extent an increased vitamin C intake before or during a cold may be helpful.

text: The

text: common cold

text: is caused by several groups of viruses including

text: rhinovirus

text: es,

text: coronavirus

text: es and

text: respiratory syncytial virus

text: . Colds are the leading cause of doctor's visits and the most common reason for absences from work and school. Research suggests that routine vitamin C supplementation may modestly reduce a cold's duration and severity for the general population. While therapeutic trials of the vitamin for treatment of the common cold show no significant changes in the risk of catching a cold in the general population, statistics indicate that its anti-oxidative properties halve the risk of catching a cold in people exposed to extreme physical stress. In brief, it is unclear to what extent an increased vitamin C intake before or during a cold may be helpful.

text: At the 2007 NEXTEL All-Star Challenge, Busch had a public breakdown of relations with his younger brother Kyle. With ten laps to go in the event, the Busches were racing against each other, their cars making contact; eventually their contact resulted in the two crashing out of contention to win. Kevin Harvick went by to win the event; but the center of the attention and media was on Kurt and Kyle's feud. Kyle and Kurt were livid with each other in the post-race ceremonies, and were arguing on pit road. When Kurt was interviewed he stated he "wasn't going to be eating any Kellogg's [Kyle's sponsor] soon", and said that Kyle was fighting dirty. When Kyle was interviewed he said that he wanted to cleanly get by Kurt and that Kurt shoved up his car for no reason. The next week when they refused to reconcile, NASCAR had officials separate them for the rest of the season to avoid any on-track or off-track incidents. The two brothers did not speak to each other for six months; it was not until a family Thanksgiving reunion, by the persuasion of their grandmother, Kurt and Kyle Busch apologized to each other.

text: At the

text: 2007 NEXTEL All-Star Challenge

text: , Busch had a public breakdown of relations with his younger brother Kyle. With ten laps to go in the event, the Busches were racing against each other, their cars making contact; eventually their contact resulted in the two crashing out of contention to win.

text: Kevin Harvick

text: went by to win the event; but the center of the attention and media was on Kurt and Kyle's feud. Kyle and Kurt were livid with each other in the post-race ceremonies, and were arguing on pit road. When Kurt was interviewed he stated he "wasn't going to be eating any Kellogg's [Kyle's sponsor] soon", and said that Kyle was fighting dirty. When Kyle was interviewed he said that he wanted to cleanly get by Kurt and that Kurt shoved up his car for no reason. The next week when they refused to reconcile, NASCAR had officials separate them for the rest of the season to avoid any on-track or off-track incidents. The two brothers did not speak to each other for six months; it was not until a family Thanksgiving reunion, by the persuasion of their grandmother, Kurt and Kyle Busch apologized to each other.

text: Some results of the blanket ban may be visible on the health front. “Earlier, Koolimadu reported cases of respiratory inflammation, bronchitis and asthma. Due to passive smoking, even children were affected. Now such cases have become rarer,” claims Dr K Alikkutty, a resident of Koolimadu since 1988.

text: Twelve-hundred-and-seventy-seven overweight or moderately obese adults (BMI 25-39.9) were recruited nationally, primarily from large employers. Those randomly assigned to the treatment group received a stage-matched multiple behavior change guide and a series of tailored, individualized interventions for three health behaviors that are crucial to effective weight management: healthy eating (i.e., reducing calorie and dietary fat intake), moderate exercise, and managing emotional distress without eating. Up to three tailored reports (one per behavior) were delivered based on assessments conducted at four time points: baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. All participants were followed up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Multiple Imputation was used to estimate missing data. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were then used to examine differences between the treatment and comparison groups. At 24 months, those who were in a pre-Action stage for healthy eating at baseline and received treatment were significantly more likely to have reached Action or Maintenance than the comparison group (47.5% vs. 34.3%). The intervention also impacted a related, but untreated behavior: fruit and vegetable consumption. Over 48% of those in the treatment group in a pre-Action stage at baseline progressed to Action or Maintenance for eating at least 5 servings a day of fruit and vegetables as opposed to 39% of the comparison group. Individuals in the treatment group who were in a pre-Action stage for exercise at baseline were also significantly more likely to reach Action or Maintenance (44.9% vs. 38.1%). The treatment also had a significant effect on managing emotional distress without eating, with 49.7% of those in a pre-Action stage at baseline moving to Action or Maintenance versus 30.3% of the comparison group. The groups differed on weight lost at 24 months among those in a pre-action stage for healthy eating and exercise at baseline. Among those in a pre-Action stage for both healthy eating and exercise at baseline, 30% of those randomized to the treatment group lost 5% or more of their body weight vs.18.6% in the comparison group. Coaction of behavior change occurred and was much more pronounced in the treatment group with the treatment group losing significantly more than the comparison group. This study demonstrates the ability of TTM-based tailored feedback to improve healthy eating, exercise, managing emotional distress, and weight on a population basis. The treatment produced the highest population impact to date on multiple health risk behaviors.

text: Bennett, who had triple bypass surgery in 1996 after a mild heart attack, had been in declining health since 2012, when he was afflicted by a lingering and baffling respiratory problem that doctors finally traced to an infection he contracted during a visit to Moscow. Bennett passed on December 6, 2014 at his home in Cleveland, Ohio.

text: Technically, according to Jewish law, whenever one partakes of fruits or vegetables dipped in liquid while remaining wet, one must wash one's hands, if the fruit or vegetable remains wet. However, other times of the year either one has already washed one's hands before eating bread, or dry the fruit or vegetable, in which case, one need not wash one's hands before eating the fruit or vegetable.

text: Technically, according to

text: Jewish law

text: , whenever one partakes of fruits or vegetables dipped in liquid while remaining wet, one must wash one's hands, if the fruit or vegetable remains wet. However, other times of the year either one has already washed one's hands before eating bread, or dry the fruit or vegetable, in which case, one need not wash one's hands before eating the fruit or vegetable.

text: Handwashing frequently is called the single most important measure to reduce the risks of transmitting skin microorganisms from one person to another or from one site to another on the same patient. Washing hands as promptly and thoroughly as possible between patient contacts and after contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and equipment or articles contaminated by them is an important component of infection control and isolation precautions. The spread of nosocomial infections, among immunocompromised patients is connected with health care workers' hand contamination in almost 40% of cases, and is a challenging problem in the modern hospitals. The best way for workers to overcome this problem is conducting correct hand-hygiene procedures; this is why the WHO launched in 2005 the GLOBAL Patient Safety Challenge.Two categories of micro-organisms can be present on health care workers' hands: transient flora and resident flora. The first is represented by the micro-organisms taken by workers from the environment, and the bacteria in it are capable of surviving on the human skin and sometimes to grow. The second group is represented by the permanent micro-organisms living on the skin surface (on the stratum corneum or immediately under it). They are capable of surviving on the human skin and to grow freely on it. They have low pathogenicity and infection rate, and they create a kind of protection from the colonization from other more pathogenic bacteria. The skin of workers is colonized by 3.9 x 10 – 4.6 x 10 cfu/cm. The microbes comprising the resident flora are: Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. hominis, and Microccocus, Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Dermobacterium, and Pitosporum spp., while in transient organisms are S. aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and Candida spp. The goal of hand hygiene is to eliminate the transient flora with a careful and proper performance of hand washing, using different kinds of soap, (normal and antiseptic), and alcohol-based gels. The main problems found in the practice of hand hygiene is connected with the lack of available sinks and time-consuming performance of hand washing. An easy way to resolve this problem could be the use of alcohol-based hand rubs, because of faster application compared to correct hand-washing.

text: Handwashing frequently is called the single most important measure to reduce the risks of transmitting

text: skin microorganism

text: s from one person to another or from one site to another on the same patient. Washing hands as promptly and thoroughly as possible between patient contacts and after contact with

text: blood

text: body fluid

text: s,

text: secretion

text: s,

text: excretion

text: s, and equipment or articles contaminated by them is an important component of infection control and isolation precautions. The spread of nosocomial infections, among immunocompromised patients is connected with health care workers' hand contamination in almost 40% of cases, and is a challenging problem in the modern hospitals. The best way for workers to overcome this problem is conducting correct hand-hygiene procedures; this is why the WHO launched in 2005 the GLOBAL Patient Safety Challenge.Two categories of micro-organisms can be present on health care workers' hands: transient flora and resident flora. The first is represented by the micro-organisms taken by workers from the environment, and the bacteria in it are capable of surviving on the human skin and sometimes to grow. The second group is represented by the permanent micro-organisms living on the skin surface (on the stratum corneum or immediately under it). They are capable of surviving on the human skin and to grow freely on it. They have low pathogenicity and infection rate, and they create a kind of protection from the colonization from other more pathogenic bacteria. The skin of workers is colonized by 3.9 x 10 – 4.6 x 10 cfu/cm. The microbes comprising the resident flora are:

text: Staphylococcus epidermidis

text: , S. hominis, and Microccocus, Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Dermobacterium, and Pitosporum spp., while in transient organisms are S. aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and Candida spp. The goal of hand hygiene is to eliminate the transient flora with a careful and proper performance of hand washing, using different kinds of soap, (normal and antiseptic), and alcohol-based gels. The main problems found in the practice of hand hygiene is connected with the lack of available sinks and time-consuming performance of hand washing. An easy way to resolve this problem could be the use of alcohol-based hand rubs, because of faster application compared to correct hand-washing.

text: Professor Mark Andrew Woodhead FRCP FERS (born 21 December 1954) is a world authority on lung infection and pneumonia. He has been National Clinical Adviser on pneumonia to the Department of Health since 2010, a Consultant in General and Respiratory Medicine at the Manchester Royal Infirmary since 1992, Honorary Clinical Professor of Respiratory Medicine at the University of Manchester since 2011 and an Honorary Research Fellow of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine since 2013.

text: Professor Mark Andrew Woodhead

text: FRCP

text: FERS

text: (born 21 December 1954) is a world authority on

text: lung infection

text: and

text: pneumonia

text: . He has been National Clinical Adviser on

text: pneumonia

text: to the

text: Department of Health

text: since 2010, a Consultant in General and Respiratory Medicine at the

text: Manchester Royal Infirmary

text: since 1992, Honorary Clinical Professor of Respiratory Medicine at the

text: University of Manchester

text: since 2011 and an Honorary Research Fellow of the

text: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

text: since 2013.

text: People in remission need regular follow-up examinations after their treatment is over.  Most physicians insist on seeing patients at least once a year for the rest of the patient's life, and getting blood counts about twice a year.  Regular follow-up care ensures that patients are carefully monitored, any changes in health are discussed, and new or recurrent cancer can be detected and treated as soon as possible. Between regularly scheduled appointments, people who have hairy cell leukemia should report any health problems, especially viral or bacterial infections, as soon as they appear.

text: In Japan, Jinjitsu (人日 jinjitsu?), literally "Human Day", is one of the five seasonal festivals (五節句 gosekku?) that were integrated into the Japanese Imperial calendar over 1,000 years ago. “Sekku” is the term given meaning special day of observance.  The festival is now celebrated on the seventh day of the first month and is considered a part of the New Year observances that are celebrated during this time. It is also known as Nanakusa-no-sekku, the "Feast of Seven Herbs",  from the custom of eating seven-herb kayu (七草粥 nanakusa-gayu?) to ensure good health and to ward off away evil spirits in the coming new year. The name “Day of Mankind” generates from the stipulation of no harm coming to humans on this day and the name “Festival of The Seven Herbs” comes from a tradition of store owners gathering and providing the seven lucky herbs to the emperor as nanakusagayu. The typical herbs used for the creation of nanakusagayu are nazuna, seri, gogyo, hotokenza, suzushiro, and hakobe. However, in some regions other variations are used. The tradition of eating nanakusagayu on the seventh day spread during the Heian period and by the Edo period those below the Shogun would consume it the morning of this day prior to coming together to address the Shogun. Another piece of reasoning behind the Japanese people eating nanakusagayu on the seventh day, Jinjitsu, is because it is also used as a day of rest. The soup mixture is easy on the stomach and is consumed to rest the digestive system that may have been weakened by the food that is consumed during the first days of the New Year.

text: In

text: Japan

text: , Jinjitsu (人日 jinjitsu?), literally "Human Day", is one of the

text: five seasonal festivals

text: (五節句 gosekku?) that were integrated into the Japanese Imperial calendar over 1,000 years ago. “Sekku” is the term given meaning special day of observance.  The festival is now celebrated on the seventh day of the first month and is considered a part of the

text: New Year

text: observances that are celebrated during this time. It is also known as

text: Nanakusa-no-sekku

text: , the "Feast of Seven Herbs",  from the custom of eating seven-herb kayu (七草粥 nanakusa-gayu?) to ensure good health and to ward off away evil spirits in the coming new year. The name “Day of Mankind” generates from the stipulation of no harm coming to humans on this day and the name “Festival of The Seven Herbs” comes from a tradition of store owners gathering and providing the seven lucky herbs to the

text: emperor

text: as nanakusagayu. The typical herbs used for the creation of

text: nanakusagayu

text: are

text: nazuna

text: seri

text: gogyo

text: hotokenza

text: suzushiro

text: , and

text: hakobe

text: . However, in some regions other variations are used. The tradition of eating nanakusagayu on the seventh day spread during the Heian period and by the

text: Edo period

text: those below the

text: Shogun

text: would consume it the morning of this day prior to coming together to address the Shogun. Another piece of reasoning behind the Japanese people eating nanakusagayu on the seventh day, Jinjitsu, is because it is also used as a day of rest. The soup mixture is easy on the stomach and is consumed to rest the digestive system that may have been weakened by the food that is consumed during the first days of the New Year.

text: TurkeysFree-range turkeys have continuous access to an outdoor range during the daytime. The range should be largely covered in vegetation and allow more space. Access to fresh air and daylight means better eye and respiratory health. The turkeys are able to exercise and exhibit natural behaviour resulting in stronger, healthier legs. Free-range systems often use slower-growing breeds of turkey.

text: Tests measuring VO max can be dangerous in individuals who are not considered normal healthy subjects, as any problems with the respiratory and cardiovascular systems will be greatly exacerbated in clinically ill patients. Thus, many protocols for estimating VO max have been developed for those for whom a traditional VO max test would be too risky. These generally are similar to a VO max test, but do not reach the maximum of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and are called sub-maximal tests.

text: Tests measuring VO max can be dangerous in individuals who are not considered normal healthy subjects, as any problems with the respiratory and cardiovascular systems will be greatly exacerbated in clinically ill patients. Thus, many protocols for estimating VO max have been developed for those for whom a traditional VO max test would be too risky. These generally are similar to a VO max test, but do not reach the maximum of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and are called

text: sub-maximal tests

text: The American National Standard for Air-Purifying Respiratory Protective Smoke Escape Devices was established to define both test criteria and approval methods for fire/smoke escape hoods. ANSI/ISEA 110 provides design guidance to Respiratory Protective Smoke Escape Devices (RPED) manufacturers in the form of a detailed set of performance requirements and testing procedures. Key sections of the standard cover certification, labeling, design, performance, conditioning and testing requirements.

text: It is important to recognize that many consider the doctor shortage in Canada to be a very severe problem affecting all sectors of health care. It may relate in part to the details of how doctors are paid; a detail often misunderstood. In Canada, almost all doctors receive a fee per-visit, not per-service. It has been suggested that this type of "fee-for-visit" payment system can encourage complexity, volume visits, repeat visits, referrals, and testing.

text: In the outskirts of Bobbio there are many water springs rich in sodium chloride, bromine and iodine. When their curative properties were not known these waters were exploited to obtain salt. Indeed, already during the Longobard Age, the army leader Sundrarit enjoyed the income of the salt-works sited on the right side of the river Trebbia. Now in San Martino, 1.5 km. from the centre of the town, the spa building Therm of Bobbio, first opened in July 1904 and is currently undergoing restoration for the creation of a modern health center and a spa where you will be treated diseases of the respiratory system and the skin.

text: In the outskirts of Bobbio there are many water springs rich in sodium chloride, bromine and iodine. When their curative properties were not known these waters were exploited to obtain salt. Indeed, already during the Longobard Age, the army leader Sundrarit enjoyed the income of the salt-works sited on the right side of the river

text: Trebbia

text: . Now in San Martino, 1.5 km. from the centre of the town, the spa building Therm of Bobbio, first opened in July 1904 and is currently undergoing restoration for the creation of a modern health center and a spa where you will be treated diseases of the respiratory system and the skin.

text: Many of the residents of the Diamond community suffer from sickness and illness associated with the oil refinery. Many residents claim that they suffer from headaches, nausea, dizziness, congestion, sore throats, and difficulty breathing on a regular basis. Residents claim that when they leave the Diamond area, their health improves. Once they return, their health begins to deteriorate again. A study was done in 1997 by Xavier University Deep South Center for Environmental Justice. The study concluded that 34% of children in the Diamond area suffer from asthma problems. One-fourth of all the women and children surveyed had to visit the hospital due to respiratory problems. Residents also claim to suffer from psychological issues associated with the explosions of 1973 and 1988. Some of the residents claim that they sleep in their clothes so that they will be ready to evacuate in the case of another explosion. Residents also claim that they have flashbacks of the 1973 and 1988 explosions.

text: Many of the residents of the Diamond community suffer from sickness and illness associated with the oil refinery. Many residents claim that they suffer from headaches, nausea, dizziness, congestion, sore throats, and difficulty breathing on a regular basis. Residents claim that when they leave the Diamond area, their health improves. Once they return, their health begins to deteriorate again. A study was done in 1997 by Xavier University Deep South Center for Environmental Justice. The study concluded that 34% of children in the Diamond area suffer from

text: asthma

text: problems. One-fourth of all the women and children surveyed had to visit the hospital due to respiratory problems. Residents also claim to suffer from psychological issues associated with the explosions of 1973 and 1988. Some of the residents claim that they sleep in their clothes so that they will be ready to evacuate in the case of another explosion. Residents also claim that they have flashbacks of the 1973 and 1988 explosions.

text: The chamber block is locked to the handle block, which contains the locking surface, firing button (pushed by the trigger when the chamber block is locked), pistol grip, battery and electronics. The cartridge primers are ignited electrically, so there are four circular contact plates on the locking surface (contacting the case bottom) and four contact pins in the center of each plate (contacting the primer). On the trigger pull an impulse is generated. The electronic firing mechanism is able to send firing impulses in sequence to the chambers from 1 to 4 and to skip chambers with malfunctioning rounds to avoid misfires. The weapon is only capable of firing one round at a time. There are different models of PB-4; in some, the firing mechanism is fed by a battery, on others by a piezoelectric igniter similar to those used by kitchen gas lighters.

text: The chamber block is locked to the handle block, which contains the locking surface, firing button (pushed by the trigger when the chamber block is locked), pistol grip, battery and electronics. The cartridge primers are

text: ignited electrically

text: , so there are four circular contact plates on the locking surface (contacting the case bottom) and four contact pins in the center of each plate (contacting the primer). On the trigger pull an impulse is generated. The electronic firing mechanism is able to send firing impulses in sequence to the chambers from 1 to 4 and to skip chambers with malfunctioning rounds to avoid misfires. The weapon is only capable of firing one round at a time. There are different models of PB-4; in some, the firing mechanism is fed by a battery, on others by a

text: piezoelectric igniter

text: similar to those used by kitchen gas lighters.

text: The patient often cannot endure the touch of clothing. His or her entire life becomes an exercise in avoiding evoked pain. It causes difficulty in obtaining rest because bed-clothing contacts the skin. It drives the patient to a hysterical search for relief of the pain, which ends in some degree of resignation and frequent depression. Patients indicate that it has robbed them of their identity, since their values and mental priorities are so consumed by its avoidance.

text: Software sanity tests are synonymous with smoke tests.  A sanity or smoke test determines whether it is possible and reasonable to continue testing. It exercises the smallest subset of application functions needed to determine whether the systems are accessible and the application logic is responsive. If the sanity test fails, it is not reasonable to attempt more rigorous testing. Sanity tests are ways to avoid wasting time and effort by quickly determining whether an application is too flawed to merit any rigorous testing. Many companies run sanity tests on an automated build as part of their software development life cycle.

text: Software sanity tests are synonymous with

text: smoke tests

text: .  A sanity or smoke test determines whether it is possible and reasonable to continue testing. It exercises the smallest subset of application functions needed to determine whether the systems are accessible and the application logic is responsive. If the sanity test fails, it is not reasonable to attempt more rigorous testing. Sanity tests are ways to avoid wasting time and effort by quickly determining whether an application is too flawed to merit any rigorous testing. Many companies run sanity tests on an

text: automated build

text: as part of their software development life cycle.

text: There has been limited research into the impacts of polio in Pakistan in recent years, but a 1988 health survey found that the most common handicaps among polio sufferers were associated with mobility, occupation, and social integration. The survey found differences in participants based on whether they lived in a village or a slum area: there was a higher rate of handicap in the village population, and higher frequencies of infectious, respiratory, and digestive diseases in the slum area. Both areas saw polio victims suffer from a higher incidence of musculoskeletal system diseases, as well as infections of the ear, and respiratory tract. Given 1–2 years with occupational therapists, 80% of patients with handicaps showed improvement in function.

text: According to the U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), ethyl formate can irritate eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory system of humans and other animals; it is also a central nervous system depressant.  In industry, it is used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, oils, and greases.  It can be used as a substitute for acetone; workers may also be exposed to it under the following circumstances:

text: According to the

text: U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration

text: (OSHA), ethyl formate can irritate eyes, skin,

text: mucous membrane

text: s, and the

text: respiratory system

text: of humans and other animals; it is also a

text: central nervous system

text: depressant

text: .  In industry, it is used as a solvent for

text: cellulose nitrate

text: cellulose acetate

text: , oils, and greases.  It can be used as a substitute for

text: acetone

text: ; workers may also be exposed to it under the following circumstances:

text: The phenomena was recognized but a lot remained unknown, including the term "Self-avoidance" which arises in 1982/1983 with the studies of Kramer.In 1982, Kramer postulated that isoneuronal axons (axons growing from the same neuron), contrarily to heteroneuronal axons, avoid each other when growing on the same substrate (see Movie).This was further explored, by other authors, the fact that this self-avoidance would require neurites to be able to distinguish between self and non-self, reinforcing the ideas of Yau.In 1983 Kramer and Kuwada propose that this self-recognition of two growing axonal processes might be mediated by their filopodia, which appear to make mutual contacts. This idea was backed up by the studies of Goodman et al. (1982) in insect neurons, which postulated that filopodia played an important role in the recognition and choice of axonal growth pathways.The conservation of the mechanism in invertebrates together with the fact that adult morphology of many neurons appears to satisfy the rule, suggested that non-overlap of isoneuronal processes could be a general phenomenon of neuronal development.In 1985 empirical data was added by Kramer and Stent with the experimentally induced variations in the branching pattern through surgically preventing or delaying the outgrowth of the axon branches. As predicted by the proposal of self-avoidance, interference with the outgrowth of a field axon branch resulted in the spread of the axon branch of the other field into what normally was not a territory. Thus, neuronal self-avoidance does play a significant role in the development of mechanosensory receptive field structure.

text: The phenomena was recognized but a lot remained unknown, including the term "Self-avoidance" which arises in 1982/1983 with the studies of Kramer.In 1982, Kramer postulated that isoneuronal axons (axons growing from the same neuron), contrarily to heteroneuronal axons, avoid each other when growing on the same substrate (see Movie).This was further explored, by other authors, the fact that this self-avoidance would require neurites to be able to distinguish between self and non-self, reinforcing the ideas of Yau.In 1983 Kramer and Kuwada propose that this self-recognition of two growing axonal processes might be mediated by their

text: filopodia

text: , which appear to make mutual contacts. This idea was backed up by the studies of Goodman et al. (1982) in insect neurons, which postulated that filopodia played an important role in the recognition and choice of axonal growth pathways.The conservation of the mechanism in invertebrates together with the fact that adult morphology of many neurons appears to satisfy the rule, suggested that non-overlap of isoneuronal processes could be a general phenomenon of neuronal development.In 1985 empirical data was added by Kramer and Stent with the experimentally induced variations in the branching pattern through surgically preventing or delaying the outgrowth of the axon branches. As predicted by the proposal of self-avoidance, interference with the outgrowth of a field axon branch resulted in the spread of the axon branch of the other field into what normally was not a territory. Thus, neuronal self-avoidance does play a significant role in the development of mechanosensory receptive field structure.

text: The College and Association of Respiratory Therapists of Alberta is a corporation with delegated provincial government authority to regulate the profession of respiratory therapy pursuant with the Health Professions Act and the Respiratory Therapists Profession Regulation.

text: The Oxford Vegetarian Study showed that the health of vegetarians compares favourably with that of meat-eaters (excluding pescetarians).  British vegetarians have lower death rates than non-vegetarians, although this is at least partly due to non-dietary lifestyle factors, such as a low prevalence of smoking and the generally high socioeconomic status of vegetarians, or to aspects of the diet other than the avoidance of meat and fish.

text: The Oxford Vegetarian Study showed that the health of vegetarians compares favourably with that of meat-eaters (excluding

text: pescetarians

text: ).  British vegetarians have lower

text: death rates

text: than non-vegetarians, although this is at least partly due to non-dietary lifestyle factors, such as a low prevalence of smoking and the generally high

text: socioeconomic status

text: of vegetarians, or to aspects of the diet other than the avoidance of meat and fish.

text: For exercise alone, a pen, run, corral or "dry lot" without forage can be much smaller than a pasture, and this is a common way that many horses are managed; kept in a barn with a turnout run, or in a dry lot with a shelter, feeding hay, allowing either no pasture access, or grazing for only a few hours per day.  Outdoor turnout pens range greatly in size, but  by 20 to  is a bare minimum for a horse that does not get ridden daily.  To gallop for short stretches, a horse needs a "run" of at least 50 to .  When kept in a dry lot, a barn or shelter is a must.  If kept in a small pen, a horse needs to be worked regularly or turned out in a larger area for free exercise.

text: For exercise alone, a pen, run, corral or "dry lot" without forage can be much smaller than a pasture, and this is a common way that many horses are managed; kept in a barn with a turnout run, or in a dry lot with a shelter, feeding hay, allowing either no pasture access, or grazing for only a few hours per day.  Outdoor turnout pens range greatly in size, but  by 20 to  is a bare minimum for a horse that does not get ridden daily.  To

text: gallop

text: for short stretches, a horse needs a "run" of at least 50 to .  When kept in a dry lot, a barn or shelter is a must.  If kept in a small pen, a horse needs to be worked regularly or turned out in a larger area for free exercise.

text: In 2009, Shenandoah Valley School District reported employing over 80 teachers with a starting salary of $35,000. The average teacher salary was $45,053, while the maximum salary is $107,424.  In Pennsylvania, the average teacher salary for Pennsylvania's 124,100 public school teachers was $54,977 in 2008. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation. Additionally, Shenandoah Valley School District teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement, paid personal days and 10 paid sick days which accumulate, life insurance, and other benefits. According to State Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Public School Employees’ Retirement System Board, a 40-year educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary.

text: In 2009, Shenandoah Valley School District reported employing over 80 teachers with a starting salary of $35,000. The average teacher salary was $45,053, while the maximum salary is $107,424.  In Pennsylvania, the average teacher salary for Pennsylvania's 124,100 public school teachers was $54,977 in 2008. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation. Additionally, Shenandoah Valley School District teachers receive a defined benefit

text: pension

text: health insurance

text: , professional development reimbursement, paid personal days and 10 paid sick days which accumulate, life insurance, and other benefits. According to State Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Public School Employees’ Retirement System Board, a 40-year educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary.

text: Comparing the efficiency of automatic dishwashers and hand-washing of dishes is difficult because hand-washing techniques vary drastically by individual. According to a peer-reviewed study in 2003, hand washing and drying of an amount of dishes equivalent to a fully loaded automatic dishwasher (no cookware or bakeware) could use between  of water and between 0.1 and 8 kWh of energy, while the numbers for energy-efficient automatic dishwashers were  and 1 to 2 kWh, respectively. The study concluded that fully loaded dishwashers use less energy, water, and detergent than the average European hand-washer. For the automatic dishwasher results, the dishes were not rinsed before being loaded. The study does not address costs associated with the manufacture and disposal of dishwashers, the cost of possible accelerated wear of dishes from the chemical harshness of dishwasher detergent, the comparison for cleaning cookware, or the value of labour saved; hand washers needed between 65 and 106 minutes. Several points of criticism on this study have been raised. For example, kilowatt hours of electricity were compared against energy used for heating hot water without taking into account possible inefficiencies. Also, inefficient human washers were compared against optimal usage of a fully loaded dishwasher without manual pre-rinsing that can take up to  of water.

text: Comparing the efficiency of automatic dishwashers and hand-washing of dishes is difficult because hand-washing techniques vary drastically by individual. According to a peer-reviewed study in 2003, hand washing and drying of an amount of dishes equivalent to a fully loaded automatic dishwasher (no

text: cookware or bakeware

text: ) could use between  of water and between 0.1 and 8 kWh of energy, while the numbers for energy-efficient automatic dishwashers were  and 1 to 2 kWh, respectively. The study concluded that fully loaded dishwashers use less energy, water, and detergent than the average European hand-washer. For the automatic dishwasher results, the dishes were not rinsed before being loaded. The study does not address costs associated with the manufacture and disposal of dishwashers, the cost of possible accelerated wear of dishes from the chemical harshness of dishwasher detergent, the comparison for cleaning cookware, or the value of labour saved; hand washers needed between 65 and 106 minutes. Several points of criticism on this study have been raised. For example,

text: kilowatt hour

text: s of electricity were compared against energy used for heating hot water without taking into account possible inefficiencies. Also, inefficient human washers were compared against optimal usage of a fully loaded dishwasher without manual pre-rinsing that can take up to  of water.

text: The show's format combined video game trivia with contestant-interactive virtual reality. The virtual reality games were designed by Bethea and Miteff for Bethea/Miteff Productions and programmed by Curt Toumainian for Saddleback/Live Studios and Dean Friedman (for InVideo Systems). The show was the first in America to regularly intermix live action with animation using a bluescreen. (Knightmare was the first show worldwide.) (The InVideo game, "Eat-a-Bug!", which aired in Bethea/Miteff-produced segments during 1989 on Nickelodeon's Total Panic, was one of the world's first regularly televised virtual reality games.)

text: The show's format combined

text: video game

text: trivia with contestant-interactive

text: virtual reality

text: . The virtual reality games were designed by Bethea and Miteff for Bethea/Miteff Productions and programmed by Curt Toumainian for Saddleback/Live Studios and

text: Dean Friedman

text: (for InVideo Systems). The show was the first in America to regularly intermix live action with animation using a

text: bluescreen

text: Knightmare

text: was the first show worldwide.) (The InVideo game, "Eat-a-Bug!", which aired in Bethea/Miteff-produced segments during 1989 on Nickelodeon's Total Panic, was one of the world's first regularly televised virtual reality games.)

text: For healthy people, most visits to doctors' offices revolve around a once-yearly recommended physical examination. This exam usually consists of gathering information such as a patient's blood pressure, heart rate, weight, and height, along with checking for any irregularities or signs of illness around the body. GPs will also ask the patients about any mental health problems that they may be experiencing, and may refer them to a psychiatrist for further examination in the event that they do indeed have such problems. If there are any other health problems that must be addressed by a medical specialist, such as a cardiologist, a referral will be given.

text: For healthy people, most visits to doctors' offices revolve around a once-yearly recommended

text: physical examination

text: . This exam usually consists of gathering information such as a patient's

text: blood pressure

text: heart rate

text: weight

text: , and

text: height

text: , along with checking for any irregularities or signs of illness around the body. GPs will also ask the patients about any

text: mental health

text: problems that they may be experiencing, and may

text: refer

text: them to a

text: psychiatrist

text: for further examination in the event that they do indeed have such problems. If there are any other health problems that must be addressed by a

text: medical specialist

text: , such as a

text: cardiologist

text: , a referral will be given.

text: Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide. Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the life of an estimated 1.8 million children per year. Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually. According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter. Hand washing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.

text: Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent

text: diarrhea

text: and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide.

text: Pneumonia

text: Diarrhea

text: and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually. According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter. Hand washing is usually integrated together with other

text: sanitation

text: interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (

text: WASH

text: ) programmes.

text: In the novel, blood has replaced gold and diamonds as a valuable commodity (gold was extracted in great quantity from the sea and is now valued at about $200 a kilogram). Uninfected people reside in "Clean Bill of Health" (CBH) zones within cities to avoid contact with the sick, for vamping (murder for the purpose of blood theft) is a major risk for healthy individuals. Standard procedure for those who are uninfected is to perform autologous donations to enable them to completely replace it in the event of becoming infected.

text: In the novel, blood has replaced gold and diamonds as a valuable commodity (gold was extracted in great quantity from the sea and is now valued at about $200 a kilogram). Uninfected people reside in "Clean Bill of Health" (CBH) zones within cities to avoid contact with the sick, for vamping (murder for the purpose of blood theft) is a major risk for healthy individuals. Standard procedure for those who are uninfected is to perform

text: autologous

text: donations

text: to enable them to completely replace it in the event of becoming infected.

text: Disorders of the respiratory system are usually treated internally by a pulmonologist and Respiratory Therapist.

text: Disorders of the respiratory system are usually treated internally by a

text: pulmonologist

text: and

text: Respiratory Therapist

text: Client’s general health?Any colds in past year?  If appropriate: any absences from work/school?Most important things you do to keep healthy?Use of cigarettes, alcohol, drugs?Perform self exams, i.e. Breast/testicular self-examination?Accidents at home, work, school, driving?In past, has it been easy to find ways to carry out doctor’s or nurse’s suggestions?(If appropriate) What do you think caused current illness? What actions have you taken since symptoms started? Have your actions helped?(If appropriate) What things are most important to your health? How can we be most helpful?How often do you exercise?

text: Neo joined the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1983. Throughout his career in the SAF, he has held various appointments, including: Commanding Officer, 1st Battalion Singapore Guards; Commander, 7th Singapore Infantry Brigade; Assistant Chief of the General Staff (Operations); Commander, 9th Division; Commander, Army Training and Doctrine Command; Chief of Staff, Joint Staff; Chief of Army (2007–2010). He attended the Indonesian Army Command and Staff Course (SESKOAD) in 1994. He also served as the SAF's contingent commander for the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) in 1999 and was involved in establishing the national contact and tracing system in Singapore during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak.

text: Neo joined the

text: Singapore Armed Forces

text: (SAF) in 1983. Throughout his career in the SAF, he has held various appointments, including: Commanding Officer, 1st Battalion Singapore Guards; Commander, 7th Singapore Infantry Brigade; Assistant Chief of the General Staff (Operations); Commander, 9th Division; Commander, Army Training and Doctrine Command; Chief of Staff, Joint Staff; Chief of

text: Army

text: (2007–2010). He attended the Indonesian Army Command and Staff Course (SESKOAD) in 1994. He also served as the SAF's contingent commander for the

text: International Force for East Timor

text: (INTERFET) in 1999 and was involved in establishing the national contact and tracing system in Singapore during the 2003

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

text: outbreak.

text: Many experiments are being tested to see how much weight can gain in one year. So far study has show stresses in women are more likely to gain weight then non-stress women. Women with stress are more likely to consume alcohol and having the tendencies to go out more in order to eliminate their emotion. They also eat low in fiber and consume more caffeine. Nevertheless, non-stress women have more vegetable in their body and they are cautious enough to stay away from high cholesterol food. Although students do gain weight in college, they can always burn it off by exercising and eating right. Overall meaning limiting how much they eat out and the junk food they pact into their body system. Students can prevent the ‘freshman 15’ if only they put effort and hard work for a healtheir body or image.

text: Research conducted on presence with HDTV and other higher resolution formats that use a wide field display, has revealed that sometimes the feeling of presence can be too real, producing physiological effect that some viewers may find undesirable.  Subjects have reported experiencing an increase in symptoms that are common to motion sickness when viewing strong visual stimuli on large screens.  A study conducted using virtual reality simulation as part of the experiment, found that subjects with lower visual acuity experienced significantly more of the symptoms associated with motion sickness.  Furthermore, the study also found that the symptoms of motion sickness increased when subjects observed the visual stimuli without the aid of their glass or contact lenses.  Consequently, optimum viewing distance recommendations based solely on human visual system and technological limitations may not always produce the best viewing experience.  Viewers with lower visual acuity, who prefer to watch HDTV without their corrective lenses may want to sit closer to see critical details and run the risk of undesirable side effects.

text: Research conducted on presence with HDTV and other higher resolution formats that use a wide field display, has revealed that sometimes the feeling of presence can be too real, producing physiological effect that some viewers may find undesirable.  Subjects have reported experiencing an increase in symptoms that are common to

text: motion sickness

text: when viewing strong visual stimuli on large screens.  A study conducted using virtual reality simulation as part of the experiment, found that subjects with lower visual acuity experienced significantly more of the symptoms associated with motion sickness.  Furthermore, the study also found that the symptoms of motion sickness increased when subjects observed the visual stimuli without the aid of their glass or contact lenses.  Consequently, optimum viewing distance recommendations based solely on human visual system and technological limitations may not always produce the best viewing experience.  Viewers with lower visual acuity, who prefer to watch HDTV without their corrective lenses may want to sit closer to see critical details and run the risk of undesirable side effects.

text: A patient typically presents a set of complaints (the symptoms) to the physician, who then performs a diagnostic procedure, which generally includes obtaining further information about the patient's symptoms, previous state of health, living conditions, and so forth. The physician then makes a review of systems (ROS) or systems inquiry, which is a set of ordered questions about each major body system in order: general (such as weight loss), endocrine, cardio-respiratory, etc. Next comes the actual physical examination and other medical tests; the findings are recorded, leading to a list of possible diagnoses. These will be investigated in order of probability.

text: A patient typically presents a set of complaints (the

text: symptom

text: s) to the physician, who then performs a

text: diagnostic procedure

text: , which generally includes obtaining further information about the patient's symptoms, previous state of health, living conditions, and so forth. The physician then makes a review of systems (ROS) or systems inquiry, which is a set of ordered questions about each major body system in order: general (such as weight loss), endocrine, cardio-respiratory, etc. Next comes the actual

text: physical examination

text: and other

text: medical test

text: s; the findings are recorded, leading to a list of possible

text: diagnoses

text: . These will be investigated in order of probability.

text: There are many prevalent diseases in Ecuador, mainly due to environmental conditions, geographical location, and lack of health care. Specific health problems that are common in Ecuador: infant mortality, acute respiratory infection, diarrhetic diseases, dengue fever, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, health problems due to smoking, malnutrition.In Ecuador, there are approximately 14000 cases of TB per year. The HIV prevalence rate among persons aged 15–49 is 0.3%. Stunting from chronic malnutrition affects 26% of children under 5. There are approximately 686 malaria cases per 100,000 people.

text: However, if too much protein and amino acid supplements are consumed (especially by the average exerciser), it can be more harmful than beneficial; health risks include: "dehydration, gout, calcium loss, liver, and renal damage. Gastrointestinal side effects of over consumption include diarrhea, bloating, and water loss" (Lawerence). A bountiful protein diet must be paired with a healthy, well-rounded meal plan and regular resistance exercise. Characteristics of this particular diet include the type of exercise, intensity, duration and carbohydrate values of diet. The most effective way to secure the natural nutrients required by your body for optimum health and physiological performance is by eating your vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, sugars and carbohydrates, which can be procured from fresh fruits and vegetables, as nature intended them to be received.

text: All Cuban residents have free access to health care in hospitals, local polyclinics, and neighbourhood family doctors who serve on average 170 families each, which is one of the highest doctor-to-patient ratio in the world. However, the health system has suffered from shortages of supplies, equipment and medications caused by ending of the Soviet Union subsidies in the early 1990s and the US embargo. Nevertheless, Havana's infant mortality rate in 2009 was 4.9 per 1,000 live births, 5.12 in the country as a whole, which is lower than many developed nations, and the lowest in the developing world. Administration of the health care system for the nation is centred largely in Havana. Hospitals in Havana are run by the national government, and citizens are assigned hospitals and clinics to which they may go for attention.

text: All Cuban residents have free access to health care in hospitals, local polyclinics, and neighbourhood family doctors who serve on average 170 families each, which is one of the highest doctor-to-patient ratio in the world. However, the health system has suffered from shortages of supplies, equipment and medications caused by ending of the

text: Soviet Union

text: subsidies in the early 1990s and the

text: US embargo

text: . Nevertheless, Havana's

text: infant mortality rate

text: in 2009 was 4.9 per 1,000 live births, 5.12 in the country as a whole, which is lower than many

text: developed nations

text: , and the lowest in the

text: developing world

text: . Administration of the health care system for the nation is centred largely in Havana. Hospitals in Havana are run by the national government, and citizens are assigned hospitals and clinics to which they may go for attention.

text: Behavioral addiction and substance abuse disorders are treated similarly; treatment options include exposure and response prevention.  No medications have been approved for the treatment of behavioral addictions. Studies have shown promise in the use of glutamatergic altering drugs to treat addictions other than exercise. Exercise addictions comorbid in patients with an eating disorder may be treated through psychotherapy involving education, behavioral interventions, and a strengthened family support structure. In treating the eating disorder, obsessions and compulsions produced by obscured body image ideals will also be treated, this includes exercise addiction.

text: Behavioral addiction

text: and

text: substance abuse

text: disorders are treated similarly; treatment options include

text: exposure and response prevention

text: .  No medications have been approved for the treatment of behavioral addictions. Studies have shown promise in the use of

text: glutamatergic

text: altering drugs to treat addictions other than exercise. Exercise addictions comorbid in patients with an

text: eating disorder

text: may be treated through

text: psychotherapy

text: involving education, behavioral interventions, and a strengthened family support structure. In treating the eating disorder, obsessions and compulsions produced by obscured

text: body image

text: ideals will also be treated, this includes exercise addiction.

text: Steen's numerous paintings of a theme most commonly entitled The Doctor’s Visit, such as the composition of 1665–70 in the Rijksmuseum, illustrate his theatrical approach. The story is simple: a doctor attending a young maiden discovers that she is not ill but is in fact pregnant with child. The doctor is a comical character who wears a biretta, a doublet and a small pleated ruff. In fact, he is dressed in the fashion of 1570, not 1670. In contrast, the girl wears what would be the height of fashion at the time of the painting, a Japanese-styled loose kimono robe.

text: Steen's numerous paintings of a theme most commonly entitled The Doctor’s Visit, such as the composition of 1665–70 in the Rijksmuseum, illustrate his theatrical approach. The story is simple: a doctor attending a young maiden discovers that she is not ill but is in fact pregnant with child. The doctor is a comical character who wears a

text: biretta

text: , a

text: doublet

text: and a small pleated ruff. In fact, he is dressed in the fashion of 1570, not 1670. In contrast, the girl wears what would be the height of fashion at the time of the painting, a Japanese-styled loose kimono robe.

text: Michael Gardam, director of infectious disease prevention and control at the Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, said in an interview with the CBC that an outbreak of swine flu in Ontario, Canada's most populous province, would not be as serious as the 2003 SARS epidemic. In preparing for and dealing with an influenza pandemic, the Public Health Agency of Canada follows the WHO's categories, but has expanded them somewhat. Despite initial reports of two swine influenza cases in Montreal's Lakeshore General Hospital, Johanne Simard of the Montreal Regional Health Board confirmed negative results for all quarantined patients at the hospital and that no quarantines were currently in effect at the hospital. The National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg confirmed cases of human swine influenza virus in clinical specimens sent from Mexico and the Canadian government issued a travel advisory for Mexico, warning Canadians who have returned from the country of the severe respiratory illness.

text: Michael Gardam, director of infectious disease prevention and control at the Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, said in an interview with the CBC that an outbreak of swine flu in

text: Ontario

text: , Canada's most populous province, would not be as serious as the 2003

text: SARS

text: epidemic. In preparing for and dealing with an influenza pandemic, the

text: Public Health Agency of Canada

text: follows the

text: WHO's

text: categories, but has expanded them somewhat. Despite initial reports of two swine influenza cases in Montreal's

text: Lakeshore General Hospital

text: , Johanne Simard of the Montreal Regional Health Board confirmed negative results for all quarantined patients at the hospital and that no quarantines were currently in effect at the hospital. The

text: National Microbiology Laboratory

text: in Winnipeg confirmed cases of human swine influenza virus in clinical specimens sent from Mexico and the Canadian government issued a travel advisory for Mexico, warning Canadians who have returned from the country of the severe respiratory illness.

text: Except for the United States and Canada, very few countries have a dedicated professional role for respiratory health. In these countries, respiratory care is provided by physiotherapists, nurses and physicians that have chosen to specialize in this field.  In many countries this recognition is in a transition stage; as an example, in 2011, hospitals in Beijing, China began a recruitment drive to acquire Respiratory Therapists for their intensive care units where previously nurses were the only clinician.

text: Except for the United States and Canada, very few countries have a dedicated professional role for respiratory health. In these countries, respiratory care is provided by physiotherapists, nurses and physicians that have chosen to specialize in this field.  In many countries this recognition is in a transition stage; as an example, in 2011, hospitals in

text: Beijing, China

text: began a recruitment drive to acquire Respiratory Therapists for their intensive care units where previously nurses were the only clinician.

text: The campaign addresses the problem of patients receiving unnecessary health treatment, reasoning that this results in poor outcomes for the patient and could create significant waste in the United States healthcare system. To conduct the campaign, a coordinator from ABIM Foundation asks medical specialty professional organizations to make five recommendations for preventing overuse of a treatment in their field. Distributors then share this information with community groups nationwide, and the medical specialty societies disseminate it to their members. The intent is that patients and doctors will discuss the recommendations in these lists, believing that if patients and doctors communicate with each other more effectively when making health decisions patients will have better outcomes and the medical system itself will benefit.

text: The campaign addresses the problem of patients receiving unnecessary health treatment, reasoning that this results in poor outcomes for the patient and could create significant waste in the

text: United States healthcare system

text: . To conduct the campaign, a coordinator from ABIM Foundation asks

text: medical specialty

text: professional organizations

text: to make five recommendations for preventing overuse of a treatment in their field. Distributors then share this information with community groups nationwide, and the medical specialty societies disseminate it to their members. The intent is that patients and doctors will discuss the recommendations in these lists, believing that if patients and doctors communicate with each other more effectively when making health decisions patients will have better outcomes and the medical system itself will benefit.

text: BMA supports deemphasizing Medicare's current fee-for-service model for paying providers. In an op-ed Allyson Schwartz wrote, "For most of the last 50 years, Medicare has paid providers on a fee-for-service basis, which means doctors and hospitals were paid each time a patient went to see them for any reason. While this made sense in an era of acute illnesses and infrequent visits, this system rewards quantity over quality care. To change this, we need to modernize the financing of health services to ensure better quality and reward value not volume of care. By shifting payment and delivery strategies, we can encourage primary care teams, incentivize care coordination and continuity of care, and require attention to providing care to people, over time."

text: Hangung or Korean Hands Archery or Hands Archery, is the tradition sport which is created by Heo Kwang from Korea. By exercising both hands, you can develop balancing of body between left and right side. and also improve muscle and flexibility. Hangung is combined with Gung-Do, Archery and Darts. Hangung adopt Safe Hangung Pin made of magnetic and automated scoring system. Rule of Hangung is pitching hangung pin toward the hanung board (1~10points) using both hands 5 times each. after pitching your pin, comparing the player's score summed up right and left hands. Finally, the highest scorer is the winner.

text: Hangung or Korean Hands Archery or Hands Archery, is the tradition sport which is created by Heo Kwang from

text: Korea

text: . By exercising both hands, you can develop balancing of body between left and right side. and also improve muscle and flexibility. Hangung is combined with

text: Gung-Do

text: Archery

text: and

text: Darts

text: . Hangung adopt Safe Hangung Pin made of magnetic and automated scoring system. Rule of Hangung is pitching hangung pin toward the hanung board (1~10points) using both hands 5 times each. after pitching your pin, comparing the player's score summed up right and left hands. Finally, the highest scorer is the winner.

text: The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) for clopidol at 10 mg/m TWA (time-weighted average) for total exposure, 5 mg/m TWA for respiratory exposure, and 20 mg/m for short-term exposure. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit (PEL); the respiratory PEL is the same as the REL, but the total exposure limit is 15 mg/m.

text: The US

text: has set a

text: recommended exposure limit

text: (REL) for clopidol at 10 mg/m TWA (time-weighted average) for total exposure, 5 mg/m TWA for respiratory exposure, and 20 mg/m for short-term exposure. The

text: has set a

text: permissible exposure limit

text: (PEL); the respiratory PEL is the same as the REL, but the total exposure limit is 15 mg/m.

text: In addition, ambulatory care include Medicine, Respiratory, GI/GU, Surgery, Diabetes in Pregnancy, Pulmonary Respiratory Exercise Program, Lithotripsy, Pacemaker Clinic, Paediatric Clinic, Geriatric Outpatient Consultation and Geriatric Mental Health.

text: In addition, ambulatory care include Medicine,

text: Respiratory

text: GI

text: GU

text: , Surgery,

text: Diabetes in Pregnancy

text: Pulmonary

text: Respiratory Exercise Program,

text: Lithotripsy

text: , Pacemaker Clinic,

text: Paediatric

text: Clinic, Geriatric Outpatient Consultation and Geriatric Mental Health.

text: The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them. The New England Journal of Medicine reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients. One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.

text: The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove

text: pathogenic microorganisms

text: ("germs") and avoid transmitting them. The

text: New England Journal of Medicine

text: reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients. One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.

text: Doctor Ángel Sarmiento is President of the State Bar Association of Medical Doctors in Aragua. Besides being a doctor, he is often in the political spotlight because he is a strong advocacy of democracy. In September 2014, the prestigious doctor went on the radio and pronounced eight people dead of the same unknown disease in a hospital in Maracay. All of the deceased patients exhibited the same symptoms which include, fever, respiratory problems, and a rash. Soon after his public statement he was denounced and discredited by public officials. Immediately the governor of Aragua, Tarek El Aissami accused the doctor of launching a terrorist campaign fueled by anxiety. Not much longer after that President Maduro himself publicly condemned the doctor for waging biological and psychological warfare on Venezuela. Both government authorities then asked prosecutors to open an investigation against Sarmiento on grounds of terrorism and for being a "spokesman of the fascist opposition". The Attorney General then appointed a prosecutor for the case with the support of the National Assembly. The official statement from the government on the issue was that this was that they would condemn "media terrorism by right-wing factors of the health sector" and that "psychological terrorism would be severely punished."  Two days following his defamation, Dr. Angel Sarmiento fled the country and has not returned since.

text: Advised by Edmund Esteves, your doctor decides to spend a season on the farm of a cousin in the town of Vila da Mata Espirito Santo, in search of fresh air, to prevent the disease from developing into a tuberculosis, a fact very common among the bohemians at the time that is history - the late 10, approximately in 1918.

text: After Rossini's arrival in Paris in 1843 for medical treatment, he was visited by Léon Pillet, the Director of the Paris Opera. Pillet begged Rossini to compose a new work for the house. Rossini declined because of his poor health, but pointed out that his opera La donna del lago (1819), which he felt had never been performed adequately at the Théâtre Italien in Paris, would be "most suitable for the French stage, the one that more than the others, had need of your big choruses, your magnificent orchestra, your beautiful staging. … Now that you have [Rosine] Stoltz at your disposal you would do well to profit by it." However, Pillet was reluctant to present a work which since 1824 in its Italian version was already well known to Parisian audiences.

text: After

text: Rossini

text: 's arrival in Paris in 1843 for medical treatment, he was visited by

text: Léon Pillet

text: , the Director of the Paris Opera. Pillet begged Rossini to compose a new work for the house. Rossini declined because of his poor health, but pointed out that his opera La donna del lago (1819), which he felt had never been performed adequately at the

text: Théâtre Italien

text: in Paris, would be "most suitable for the French stage, the one that more than the others, had need of your big choruses, your magnificent orchestra, your beautiful staging. … Now that you have

text: [Rosine] Stoltz

text: at your disposal you would do well to profit by it." However, Pillet was reluctant to present a work which since 1824 in its Italian version was already well known to Parisian audiences.

text: Respiratory sounds, breath sounds, or lung sounds refer to the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral chacteristics of lung sounds. These include normal breath sounds and adventitious or "added" sounds such as rales, wheezes, pleural friction rubs, stertor and stridor.

text: Respiratory sounds, breath sounds, or lung sounds refer to the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. These may be easily audible or identified through

text: auscultation

text: of the

text: respiratory system

text: through the

text: lung fields

text: with a

text: stethoscope

text: as well as from the spectral chacteristics of lung sounds. These include normal breath sounds and adventitious or "added" sounds such as

text: rales

text: wheeze

text: s,

text: pleural friction rub

text: s,

text: stertor

text: and

text: stridor

text: Moreover, these environmental pollutions impacts on the human beings because its particles of the fossil fuel on the air cause negative health effects when inhaled by people. These health effects include premature death, acute respiratory illness, aggravated asthma, chronic bronchitis and decreased lung function. So, the poor, undernourished, very young and very old, and people with preexisting respiratory disease and other ill health, are more at risk.

text: Communication is critical for the delivery of appropriate and effective treatment and care, regardless of a patient’s race, and miscommunication can lead to incorrect diagnosis, improper use of medications, and failure to receive follow-up care.   The patient provider relationship is dependent on the ability of both individuals to effectively communicate.  Language and culture both play a significant role in communication during a medical visit. Among the patient population, minorities face greater difficulty in communicating with their physicians.  Patients when surveyed responded that 19% of the time they have problems communicating with their providers which included understanding doctor, feeling doctor listened, and had questions but did not ask. In contrast, the Hispanic population had the largest problem communicating with their provider, 33% of the time. Communication has been linked to health outcomes, as communication improves so does patient satisfaction which leads to improved compliance and then to improved health outcomes. Quality of care is impacted as a result of an inability to communicate with health care providers.  Language plays a pivotal role in communication and efforts need to be taken to ensure excellent communication between patient and provider. Among limited English proficient patients in the United States, the linguistic barrier is even greater.  Less than half of non-English speakers who say they need an interpreter during clinical visits report having one.  The absence of interpreters during a clinical visit adds to the communication barrier. Furthermore, inability of providers to communicate with limited English proficient patients leads to more diagnostic procedures, more invasive procedures, and over prescribing of medications. Poor communication contributes to poor medical compliance and health outcomes.  Many health-related settings provide interpreter services for their limited English proficient patients. This has been helpful when providers do not speak the same language as the patient.  However, there is mounting evidence that patients need to communicate with a language concordant physician (not simply an interpreter) to receive the best medical care, bond with the physician, and be satisfied with the care experience. Having patient-physician language discordant pairs (i.e. Spanish-speaking patient with an English-speaking physician) may also lead to greater medical expenditures and thus higher costs to the organization.    Additional communication problems result from a decrease or lack of cultural competence by providers.   It is important for providers to be cognizant of patients’ health beliefs and practices without being judgmental or reacting.  Understanding a patients’ view of health and disease is important for diagnosis and treatment.  So providers need to assess patients’ health beliefs and practices to improve quality of care. Patient health decisions can be influenced by religious beliefs, mistrust of Western medicine, and familial and hierarchical roles, all of which a white provider may not be familiar with. Other type of communication problems are seen in LGBT health care with the spoken heterosexist (conscious or unconscious) attitude on LGBT patients, lack of understanding on issues like having no sex with men (lesbians, gynecologic examinations) and other issues.

text: Communication is critical for the delivery of appropriate and effective treatment and care, regardless of a patient’s race, and miscommunication can lead to incorrect diagnosis, improper use of medications, and failure to receive follow-up care.   The patient provider relationship is dependent on the ability of both individuals to effectively communicate.  Language and culture both play a significant role in communication during a medical visit. Among the patient population, minorities face greater difficulty in communicating with their physicians.  Patients when surveyed responded that 19% of the time they have problems communicating with their providers which included understanding doctor, feeling doctor listened, and had questions but did not ask. In contrast, the Hispanic population had the largest problem communicating with their provider, 33% of the time. Communication has been linked to health outcomes, as communication improves so does patient satisfaction which leads to improved compliance and then to improved health outcomes. Quality of care is impacted as a result of an inability to communicate with health care providers.  Language plays a pivotal role in communication and efforts need to be taken to ensure excellent communication between patient and provider. Among

text: limited English proficient

text: Exercise – any bodily activity that enhances or maintains  physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons including strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system, honing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, as well as for the purpose of enjoyment. Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system, and helps prevent the "diseases of affluence" such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity.

text: Exercise

text: – any bodily activity that enhances or maintains

text: physical fitness

text: and overall

text: health

text: and wellness. It is performed for various reasons including strengthening

text: muscle

text: s and the

text: cardiovascular system

text: , honing

text: athletic

text: skills,

text: weight loss

text: or maintenance, as well as for the purpose of enjoyment. Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the

text: immune system

text: , and helps prevent the "

text: diseases of affluence

text: " such as

text: heart disease

text: cardiovascular disease

text: Type 2 diabetes

text: and

text: obesity

text: In Maori folklore the cemetery is said to be protected by a powerful tapu which will curse anyone entering the cemetery without permission of the marae kaumātua. On leaving the sacred cemetery, visitors must always wash your hands with cleansing water.

text: In

text: Maori folklore

text: the cemetery is said to be protected by a powerful

text: tapu

text: which will curse anyone entering the cemetery without permission of the marae

text: kaumātua

text: . On leaving the sacred cemetery, visitors must always wash your hands with cleansing water.

text: The best way to keep fat-tailed gerbils is in a tank (aquarium / terrarium). It should measure at least 60x40 cm (24” x 16”) for 2-4 gerbils. Fat-tailed gerbils are fond of digging, so it is important to provide them with a thick layer of bedding. Wood shavings can be used, but not pine or red cedar wood shavings; many rodents can react allergically to them, and may develop respiratory problems. Aspen wood shavings are considered to be the best. They also need to take a sand bath regularly to prevent their fur from becoming greasy. Fat-tailed gerbils will make a nest; this may be underground in their burrow, on the surface in the bedding, or in a nesting box. Fat-tailed gerbils can be kept occupied by giving them gerbil toys, for example an exercise wheel. Keeping a breeding pair can be somewhat difficult. It is possible to keep fat-tailed gerbils singly, like Syrian hamsters.

text: The best way to keep fat-tailed gerbils is in a tank (

text: aquarium

text: terrarium

text: ). It should measure at least 60x40 cm (24” x 16”) for 2-4 gerbils. Fat-tailed gerbils are fond of digging, so it is important to provide them with a thick layer of bedding. Wood shavings can be used, but not

text: pine

text: or

text: red cedar

text: wood shavings; many rodents can react allergically to them, and may develop respiratory problems. Aspen wood shavings are considered to be the best. They also need to take a sand bath regularly to prevent their fur from becoming greasy. Fat-tailed gerbils will make a nest; this may be underground in their burrow, on the surface in the bedding, or in a nesting box. Fat-tailed gerbils can be kept occupied by giving them gerbil toys, for example an exercise wheel. Keeping a breeding pair can be somewhat difficult. It is possible to keep fat-tailed gerbils singly, like Syrian hamsters.

text: Typical core functions of NPHIs include surveillance for diseases and injuries, as well as risk factors; epidemiologic investigations of health problems; public health research; and response to public health emergencies. Recent public health challenges, such as the 2009 outbreak of H1N1 influenza, may have significant impacts on the missions and structures of NPHIs. Although these functions are in many countries dispersed among several agencies, in recent years some countries have reorganized their public health systems to consolidate functions. For example, following the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, the Canadian government created the Public Health Agency of Canada in order to ensure a more efficient and effective response in future outbreaks.

text: Typical core functions of NPHIs include surveillance for diseases and injuries, as well as risk factors; epidemiologic investigations of health problems; public health research; and response to public health emergencies. Recent public health challenges, such as the

text: 2009 outbreak

text: of

text: H1N1 influenza

text: , may have significant impacts on the missions and structures of NPHIs. Although these functions are in many countries dispersed among several agencies, in recent years some countries have reorganized their public health systems to consolidate functions. For example, following the outbreak of

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) in 2003, the Canadian government created the

text: Public Health Agency of Canada

text: in order to ensure a more efficient and effective response in future outbreaks.

text: Second-hand smoke causes many of the same diseases as direct smoking, including cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases. These diseases include:

text: Second-hand smoke causes many of the same diseases as direct smoking, including

text: cardiovascular disease

text: s,

text: lung cancer

text: , and

text: respiratory disease

text: s. These diseases include:

text: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be difficult to diagnose clinically given the lack of specific symptoms and frequent misinterpretation as manifestations of vigorous exercise.  There are many mimics that present with similar symptoms, such as vocal cord dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.  It is also important to distinguish those who have asthma with exercise worsening, and who consequently will have abnormal testing at rest, from true exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, where there will be normal baseline results.  Because of the wide differential diagnosis of exertional respiratory complaints, the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction based on history and self-reported symptoms alone has been shown to be inaccurate  and will result in an incorrect diagnosis more than 50% of the time.

text: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be difficult to diagnose clinically given the lack of specific symptoms and frequent misinterpretation as manifestations of vigorous exercise.  There are many mimics that present with similar symptoms, such as

text: vocal cord dysfunction

text: cardiac arrhythmias

text: cardiomyopathies

text: , and

text: gastroesophageal reflux disease

text: .  It is also important to distinguish those who have asthma with exercise worsening, and who consequently will have abnormal testing at rest, from true exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, where there will be normal baseline results.  Because of the wide differential diagnosis of exertional respiratory complaints, the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction based on history and self-reported symptoms alone has been shown to be inaccurate  and will result in an incorrect diagnosis more than 50% of the time.

text: Established in 1891, OhioHealth is a not-for-profit, faith-based system of hospitals and healthcare providers located in Columbus, Ohio and surrounding areas.  As of 2012, the organization has 21,000 physicians, associates and volunteers and more than $2 billion in net revenue. The system consists of 17 hospitals, 20 health and surgery centers, home-health providers, medical equipment and health service suppliers throughout a 40-county area. Member hospitals include Riverside Methodist Hospital, Grant Medical Center, Doctors Hospital, Grady Memorial Hospital, Dublin Methodist Hospital, Hardin Memorial Hospital, Marion General Hospital, MedCentral Mansfield Hospital, Doctors Hospital at Nelsonville & O'Bleness Memorial Hospital (Jan. 2014) in Athens, OH.  OhioHealth is a ministry of the West Ohio Conference of the United Methodist Church.

text: Established in 1891, OhioHealth is a not-for-profit, faith-based system of hospitals and healthcare providers located in

text: Columbus, Ohio

text: and surrounding areas.  As of 2012, the organization has 21,000 physicians, associates and volunteers and more than $2 billion in net revenue. The system consists of 17 hospitals, 20 health and surgery centers, home-health providers, medical equipment and health service suppliers throughout a 40-county area. Member hospitals include

text: Riverside Methodist Hospital

text: Grant Medical Center

text: Doctors Hospital

text: Grady Memorial Hospital

text: Dublin Methodist Hospital

text: , Hardin Memorial Hospital, Marion General Hospital, MedCentral Mansfield Hospital, Doctors Hospital at Nelsonville &

text: O'Bleness Memorial Hospital

text: (Jan. 2014) in

text: Athens, OH

text: .  OhioHealth is a ministry of the West Ohio Conference of the

text: United Methodist Church

text: In order to prevent bronchiectasis, children should be immunized against measles, pertussis, pneumonia, and other acute respiratory infections of childhood.  While smoking has not been found to be a direct cause of bronchiectasis, it is certainly an irritant that all patients should avoid in order to prevent the development of infections (such as bronchitis) and further complications.

text: In order to prevent bronchiectasis, children should be immunized against measles,

text: pertussis

text: pneumonia

text: , and other acute respiratory infections of childhood.  While

text: smoking

text: has not been found to be a direct cause of bronchiectasis, it is certainly an irritant that all patients should avoid in order to prevent the development of infections (such as

text: bronchitis

text: ) and further complications.

text: There has been a limited amount of studies that have looked at the effects of smoking cannabis on the respiratory system.  Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Regular cannabis use has not been shown  to cause significant abnormalities in lung function. Short-term use of cannabis is associated with bronchodilation.

text: There has been a limited amount of studies that have looked at the

text: effects of smoking cannabis

text: on the respiratory system.  Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Regular cannabis use has not been shown  to cause significant abnormalities in lung function. Short-term use of cannabis is associated with

text: bronchodilation

text: Flood hit areas of Swat had limited access to health services. A number of health facilities in certain locations, were completely destroyed. Furthermore, as many were cut off from main towns in Swat, communities were unable to access health services when needed, while others were able access health facilities with some difficulties. However, most communities reported that injured and sick community members did not receive any medical treatment. Pregnant women in particular were facing problems in accessing health services. The most prevalent ailments were diarrhea, respiratory infections, skin diseases and fever.

text: In 2013, under Mandsaur Treaty, the Britishers established their existence in Indore through East India Company. The English, wherever they went, established their military, civil and health services as well as judicial system. Implementation of proceeding to impart justice to the people having transaction with the English and residing under their jurisdiction, was initiated at all levels. Till the end of 19th century, the portion of Indore city under jurisdiction of Britishers was known as cantonment. In the court of Resident, British law was applicable and District Judge of Khandwa in the British India used to come to exercise jurisdiction of High Court Judge in the cases of cantonment. In the rest of Indore under Holkars imparting justice went on as per old pattern by the jurists and petitions were finally decided in the Court of King. From the beginning of 20th Century administrative system of Holkar was highly influenced and the Britishers went on increasing their control over Malwa as advisers. From the beginning of 20th Century, officers of judiciary were being appointed according to advise of English and in Indore under the reign of Holkar, retired High Court Judges of British India were being appointed as Chief Justice. During this process, British law was adopted which prevailed as law made by Holkar. In 1931, extension of legal education started at Holkar College and thereafter study of law completely started in Indore. Prior to it, citizens of Indore had to go to pune, Bombay, Agra and Allahabad for obtaining degree of law.as

text: In 2013, under Mandsaur Treaty, the Britishers established their existence in Indore through

text: East India Company

text: . The English, wherever they went, established their military, civil and health services as well as judicial system. Implementation of proceeding to impart justice to the people having transaction with the English and residing under their jurisdiction, was initiated at all levels. Till the end of 19th century, the portion of Indore city under jurisdiction of Britishers was known as cantonment. In the court of Resident, British law was applicable and District Judge of Khandwa in the British India used to come to exercise jurisdiction of High Court Judge in the cases of cantonment. In the rest of Indore under

text: Holkars

text: imparting justice went on as per old pattern by the jurists and petitions were finally decided in the Court of King. From the beginning of 20th Century administrative system of Holkar was highly influenced and the Britishers went on increasing their control over

text: Malwa

text: as advisers. From the beginning of 20th Century, officers of judiciary were being appointed according to advise of English and in Indore under the reign of Holkar, retired High Court Judges of British India were being appointed as Chief Justice. During this process, British law was adopted which prevailed as law made by Holkar. In 1931, extension of legal education started at Holkar College and thereafter study of law completely started in Indore. Prior to it, citizens of Indore had to go to pune, Bombay, Agra and Allahabad for obtaining degree of law.as

text: Health psychologists promote health through behavioral change, as mentioned above; however, they attempt to prevent illness in other ways as well. Health psychologists try to help people to lead a healthy life by developing and running programmes which can help people to make changes in their lives such as stopping smoking, reducing the amount of alcohol they consume, eating more healthily, and exercising regularly. Campaigns informed by health psychology have targeted tobacco use. Those least able to afford tobacco products consume them most. Tobacco provides individuals with a way of controlling aversive emotional states accompanying daily experiences of stress that characterize the lives of deprived and vulnerable individuals. Practitioners emphasize education and effective communication as a part of illness prevention because many people do not recognize, or minimize, the risk of illness present in their lives. Moreover, many individuals are often unable to apply their knowledge of health practices owing to everyday pressures and stresses. A common example of population-based attempts to motivate the smoking public to reduce its dependence on cigarettes is anti-smoking campaigns.

text: Health psychologists promote health through behavioral change, as mentioned above; however, they attempt to prevent illness in other ways as well. Health psychologists try to help people to lead a healthy life by developing and running programmes which can help people to make changes in their lives such as stopping smoking, reducing the amount of alcohol they consume, eating more healthily, and exercising regularly. Campaigns informed by health psychology have targeted tobacco use. Those least able to afford tobacco products consume them most. Tobacco provides individuals with a way of controlling aversive

text: emotional

text: states accompanying daily experiences of stress that characterize the lives of deprived and vulnerable individuals. Practitioners emphasize education and effective communication as a part of illness prevention because many people do not recognize, or minimize, the risk of illness present in their lives. Moreover, many individuals are often unable to apply their knowledge of health practices owing to everyday pressures and stresses. A common example of population-based attempts to motivate the smoking public to reduce its dependence on cigarettes is

text: anti-smoking campaign

text: s.

text: On September 2, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of 19 chemicals frequently used in "antibacterial" soaps and washes, including triclosan and triclocarban. The FDA states that there is no scientific evidence that these chemicals have any antibacterial effect, nor that antibacterial soaps are more effective than standard soap. The agency also asserted that despite requests for such information, the FDA did not receive sufficient data for manufacturers on the long-term health effects of these chemicals. This ban does not apply to hand sanitizer.

text: On September 2, 2016, the U.S.

text: Food and Drug Administration

text: banned the use of 19 chemicals frequently used in "antibacterial" soaps and washes, including triclosan and triclocarban. The FDA states that there is no scientific evidence that these chemicals have any antibacterial effect, nor that antibacterial soaps are more effective than standard soap. The agency also asserted that despite requests for such information, the FDA did not receive sufficient data for manufacturers on the long-term health effects of these chemicals. This ban does not apply to

text: hand sanitizer

text: Throughout the films, Jones uses the tentacles of his "beard" like fingers to manipulate objects, such as the Dead Man's Chest key (he shows this during a game of Liar's Dice), his hat (when his ship submerges), and the keys of his vast pipe organ; while dueling Captain Jack Sparrow in the climactic maelstrom battle sequence of the third film, he waves, wags, wiggles all of his "beard-tentacles" at once while screaming in frightening fashion in an effort to scare Sparrow. A prominent sac bulges from under the back of his barnacle-encrusted tricorne. Jones' face lacks a nose, and instead has one short, hollow tentacle called a siphon (on the left side of his face) that acts as part of his respiratory system, capable of inhaling and exhaling, which is seen in the second film as he smokes his pipe.

text: Throughout the films, Jones uses the tentacles of his "beard" like fingers to manipulate objects, such as the Dead Man's Chest key (he shows this during a game of

text: Liar's Dice

text: ), his hat (when his ship submerges), and the keys of his vast

text: pipe organ

text: ; while dueling

text: Captain Jack Sparrow

text: in the climactic

text: maelstrom

text: battle sequence of the third film, he waves, wags, wiggles all of his "beard-tentacles" at once while screaming in frightening fashion in an effort to scare Sparrow. A prominent

text: sac

text: bulges from under the back of his barnacle-encrusted

text: tricorne

text: . Jones' face lacks a nose, and instead has one short, hollow tentacle called a

text: siphon

text: (on the left side of his face) that acts as part of his respiratory system, capable of inhaling and exhaling, which is seen in the second film as he smokes his pipe.

text: In 1995 the Soufriere Hills volcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat erupted, spewing volcanic ash containing large amounts of the crystalline silica mineral cristobalite over the surrounding area.  IOM scientists investigated the health of people who lived on the island. In general the exposure of the residents was low, because most people lived well away from the area of highest ash falls, and the ash proved of relatively low toxicity. The studies of the population showed no impairment of the islanders' respiratory health.

text: In 1995 the

text: Soufriere Hills volcano

text: on the

text: Caribbean

text: island of

text: Montserrat

text: erupted, spewing volcanic ash containing large amounts of the

text: crystalline silica

text: mineral

text: cristobalite

text: over the surrounding area.  IOM scientists investigated the health of people who lived on the island. In general the exposure of the residents was low, because most people lived well away from the area of highest ash falls, and the ash proved of relatively low toxicity. The studies of the population showed no impairment of the islanders' respiratory health.

text: A registered respiratory therapist (RRT) is a certification for respiratory practitioners.  In the United States the certificate for the RRT is issued by the National Board for Respiratory Care after passing the NBRC-WRE and NBRC-CSE examinations.  Eligibility for the NBRC RRT examinations are both previously passing the entry-level examination for the certification of Certified Respiratory Therapist, the NBRC-ELE, and holding at least an Associate of Science in Respiratory Care.  In Canada the RRT certification is granted by examination from the Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists.  Internationally, respiratory care is governed by local governments and certification or license to practice as a respiratory practitioner is managed locally without the use of separate organizations as in the United States and Canada.

text: A registered respiratory therapist (RRT) is a certification for

text: respiratory practitioner

text: s.  In the

text: United States

text: the certificate for the RRT is issued by the

text: National Board for Respiratory Care

text: after passing the

text: NBRC-WRE

text: and

text: NBRC-CSE

text: examinations.  Eligibility for the NBRC RRT examinations are both previously passing the entry-level examination for the certification of

text: Certified Respiratory Therapist

text: , the

text: NBRC-ELE

text: , and holding at least an

text: .  In

text: Canada

text: the RRT certification is granted by examination from the

entity_name: Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists

text: Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists

text: .  Internationally,

text: respiratory care

text: is governed by local governments and certification or license to practice as a respiratory practitioner is managed locally without the use of separate organizations as in the United States and Canada.

text: In Jewish culture, contact with a dead body was understood to be defiling. Priests were particularly enjoined to avoid uncleanness. The priest and Levite may therefore have assumed that the fallen traveler was dead and avoided him to keep themselves ritually clean. On the other hand, the depiction of travel downhill (from Jerusalem to Jericho) may indicate that their temple duties had already been completed, making this explanation less likely, although this is disputed. Since the Mishnah made an exception for neglected corpses, the priest and the Levite could have used the law to justify both touching a corpse and ignoring it. In any case, passing by on the other side avoided checking "whether he was dead or alive". Indeed, "it weighed more with them that he might be dead and defiling to the touch of those whose business was with holy things than that he might be alive and in need of care."

text: In Jewish culture, contact with a dead body was understood to be defiling. Priests were particularly enjoined to avoid uncleanness. The priest and Levite may therefore have assumed that the fallen traveler was dead and avoided him to keep themselves ritually clean. On the other hand, the depiction of travel downhill (from Jerusalem to Jericho) may indicate that their temple duties had already been completed, making this explanation less likely, although this is disputed. Since the

text: Mishnah

text: made an exception for neglected corpses, the priest and the Levite could have used the law to justify both touching a corpse and ignoring it. In any case, passing by on the other side avoided checking "whether he was dead or alive". Indeed, "it weighed more with them that he might be dead and defiling to the touch of those whose business was with holy things than that he might be alive and in need of care."

text: Many people are more motivated by social pressures, rather than health risks. Specifically for younger people, mortality salience is stronger in eliciting changes of one's behavior when it brings awareness to the immediate loss of social status or position, rather than a loss, such as death that one can not imagine and feels far off. However, there are many different factors to take into consideration, such as how strongly an individual feels toward a decision, their level of self-esteem, and the situation around them. Particularly with people's smoking behaviors, self-esteem and mortality salience have different effects on individuals' decisions.  In terms of the longevity of their smoking decisions, it has been seen that individuals' smoking habits are affected, in the short-term sense, when they are exposed to mortality salience that interrelates with their own self-esteem.  Moreover, people who viewed social exclusion prompts were more likely to quit smoking in the long run than those who were simply shown health-effects of smoking. More specifically, it was demonstrated that when individuals had high levels of self-esteem they were more likely to quit smoking following the social pressure messages, rather than the health risk messages.  In this specific instance, terror management, and specifically mortality salience is showing how people are more motivated by the social pressures and consequences in their environment, rather than consequences relating to their health. This is mostly seen in young adult smokers with higher smoking-based self-esteems who are not thinking of their future health and the less-immediate affects of smoking on their health.

text: In 2003, an epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) broke out in China. (See Progress of the SARS outbreak.) The spread of SARS brought to light substantial weaknesses in the country's public health system. After the SARS epidemic was brought under control, the Chinese government implemented a series of measures to strengthen its public health system. This effort coincided with acceleration in efforts to control tuberculosis. Within 3 years, implementation of the WHO-recommended DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy, Shortcourse) strategy to control tuberculosis increased from 68% to 100% of counties and the detection of cases of smear-positive tuberculosis by the public health system more than doubled, from 30% of new cases to 80%. Together with a tuberculosis treatment success rate of more than 90%, China achieved the 2005 global targets for tuberculosis control.

text: In 2003, an

text: epidemic

text: of

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) broke out in China. (See

text: Progress of the SARS outbreak

text: .) The spread of SARS brought to light substantial weaknesses in the country's public health system. After the SARS epidemic was brought under control, the

text: Chinese government

text: implemented a series of measures to strengthen its

text: public health system

text: . This effort coincided with acceleration in efforts to control tuberculosis. Within 3 years, implementation of the WHO-recommended

text: DOTS

text: Directly Observed Therapy, Shortcourse

text: ) strategy to control tuberculosis increased from 68% to 100% of counties and the detection of cases of smear-positive tuberculosis by the public health system more than doubled, from 30% of new cases to 80%. Together with a tuberculosis treatment success rate of more than 90%, China achieved the 2005 global targets for tuberculosis control.

text: Póvoa was not just known as a beach resort, but also for heated saltwater public baths, the "Banhos Quentes". the first public bath of Póvoa was Oceania which opened in Avenida dos Banhos, with entrance by Rua do Ramalhão, 13. After Oceania, the Balneário Povoense opened in Rua Tenente Valadim, near the present-day Casino, and the Balneário Lusitano in Passeio Alegre. Currently, there is still the belief that seawater has health healing effects, especially during low tide. There are popular sayings such as "When the tide is low, take a bath and go to bed or When the tide is low, wash your sore and it will be healed".

text: Póvoa was not just known as a beach resort, but also for heated saltwater public baths, the "Banhos Quentes". the first public bath of Póvoa was Oceania which opened in

text: Avenida dos Banhos

text: , with entrance by

text: Rua do Ramalhão

text: , 13. After Oceania, the Balneário Povoense opened in Rua Tenente Valadim, near the present-day Casino, and the Balneário Lusitano in

text: Passeio Alegre

text: . Currently, there is still the belief that seawater has health healing effects, especially during low tide. There are popular sayings such as "When the tide is low, take a bath and go to bed or When the tide is low, wash your sore and it will be healed".

text: An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation.  Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifelong healthful eating patterns and physically active lifestyles for children and their families.  It is an interactive educational program designed to help prevent childhood obesity through classroom activities that teach children healthful eating habits and physical exercise.

text: Now as a four-person writing team and band, the songs came fast and furious. Writing and recording over 20 songs and whittling them down to the ones you hear on our second CD "Complexification: Part II" was a lot of sweat but well worth it for us (released 2002 September 30). A lot of the pent up energy and frustration is captured here, so seek your doctor's opinion prior to using this CD or any other prescription medication.

text: In 2009, Sto-Rox School District reported employing over 140 teachers with a starting salary of $38,500  for 180 student days for pupil instruction and 10 non student days. The average teacher salary was $49,901 while the maximum salary was $113,623. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation. Additionally, Sto-Rox School District teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement,  3 paid personal days, 10 sick days, 1 paid bereavement day,  and other benefits. Teachers are paid an additional hourly rate, if they are required to work outside of the regular school day. The school day is 7 hours 30 minutes. Retirees receive $25 for each unused accumulated sick days. Teachers who serves as department heads receive additional in compensation. The union receives 6 days of union release time at no loss of pay to be used among teacher union delegates According to State Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Public School Employees’ Retirement System Board, a 40-year educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary.

text: In 2009, Sto-Rox School District reported employing over 140 teachers with a starting salary of $38,500  for 180 student days for pupil instruction and 10 non student days. The average teacher salary was $49,901 while the maximum salary was $113,623. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation. Additionally, Sto-Rox School District teachers receive a defined benefit

text: pension

text: health insurance

text: , professional development reimbursement,  3 paid personal days, 10 sick days, 1 paid bereavement day,  and other benefits. Teachers are paid an additional hourly rate, if they are required to work outside of the regular school day. The school day is 7 hours 30 minutes. Retirees receive $25 for each unused accumulated sick days. Teachers who serves as department heads receive additional in compensation. The union receives 6 days of union release time at no loss of pay to be used among teacher union delegates According to State Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Public School Employees’ Retirement System Board, a 40-year educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary.

text: In developed countries, where health services are guaranteed by the state in some form, most medical visits to doctors take place in their offices. In the United States, where this is not the case, many people who cannot afford health insurance or doctor's visits must either go to free or reduced-cost clinics or an emergency department at a hospital for care, instead of a doctor's office.

text: In developed countries, where

text: health services

text: are

text: guaranteed by the state

text: in some form, most medical

text: visits to doctors

text: take place in their offices. In the

text: United States

text: , where this is not the case, many people who cannot afford

text: health insurance

text: or doctor's visits must either go to free or reduced-cost

text: clinic

text: s or an emergency department at a hospital for care, instead of a doctor's office.

text: Some items prominently displaying the numbers 4 and 9 should not be given, since the reading of 4 (shi) suggests death (shi) or 9 (ku) a homonym for suffering or torture (ku). Thus, a comb, or kushi is most avoided material as gift. Be careful when you bring flowers to a sick person, always avoid 4, 9 and 13.

text: Some items prominently displaying the numbers 4 and 9 should not be given, since the reading of 4 (shi)

text: suggests death

text: (shi) or 9 (ku) a homonym for suffering or torture (ku). Thus, a comb, or kushi is most avoided material as gift. Be careful when you bring flowers to a sick person, always avoid 4, 9 and 13.

text: Other examples of workplace wellness organizational policies include allowing flex-time for exercise, providing on-site kitchen and eating areas, offering healthy food options in vending machines, holding “walk and talk” meetings, and offering financial and other incentives for participation.  In recent years, workplace wellness has been expanded from single health promotion interventions to create a more overall healthy environment including, for example standards of building and interior design to promote physical activity.

text: Red tide is also potentially harmful to human health. Humans can become seriously ill from eating oysters and other shellfish contaminated with "red tide toxin." Shellfish consume the organisms responsible for red tide and concentrate Saxitoxin (produced from these organisms) in their tissues. Saxitoxin blocks sodium channels and eating contaminated seafood can result in paralysis within 30 minutes. Karenia brevis blooms can potentially cause eye and respiratory irritation (coughing, sneezing, tear production, and itching) to beachgoers, boaters and coastal residents.  People with severe or persistent respiratory conditions (such as chronic lung disease or asthma) may experience stronger adverse reactions.  The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service provides a public conditions report identifying possible respiratory irritation impacts in areas affected by red tides.

text: Red tide is also potentially harmful to human health. Humans can become seriously ill from eating oysters and other shellfish contaminated with "red tide toxin." Shellfish consume the organisms responsible for red tide and concentrate Saxitoxin (produced from these organisms) in their tissues. Saxitoxin blocks sodium channels and eating contaminated seafood can result in paralysis within 30 minutes.

text: Karenia brevis

text: blooms can potentially cause eye and respiratory irritation (coughing, sneezing, tear production, and itching) to beachgoers, boaters and coastal residents.  People with severe or persistent respiratory conditions (such as chronic lung disease or asthma) may experience stronger adverse reactions.  The

entity_name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

text: 's

text: National Ocean Service

text: provides a public conditions report identifying possible respiratory irritation impacts in areas affected by red tides.

text: A permanent routine of exercise, eating healthier‚ and, during periods of overweight, consuming the same number or fewer calories than used will prevent and help fight obesity. A single pound of fat yields approximately 3500 calories of energy (32 000 kJ energy per kilogram of fat), and weight loss is achieved by reducing energy intake, or increasing energy expenditure, thus achieving a negative balance. Adjunctive therapies which may be prescribed by a physician are orlistat or sibutramine, although the latter has been associated with increased cardiovascular events and strokes and has been withdrawn from the market in the United States, the UK, the EU, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Thailand, Egypt and Mexico.

text: A permanent routine of exercise, eating healthier‚ and, during periods of overweight, consuming the same number or fewer calories than used will prevent and help fight obesity. A single pound of fat yields approximately 3500 calories of energy (32 000 kJ energy per kilogram of fat), and weight loss is achieved by reducing energy intake, or increasing energy expenditure, thus achieving a negative balance. Adjunctive therapies which may be prescribed by a physician are

text: orlistat

text: or

text: sibutramine

text: , although the latter has been associated with increased cardiovascular events and strokes and has been withdrawn from the market in the

text: United States

text: , the

text: UK

text: , the

text: EU

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: Hong Kong

text: Thailand

text: , Egypt and

text: Mexico

text: Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from the Alameda County Study suggested that people can improve their health via exercise, enough sleep, maintaining a healthy body weight, limiting alcohol use, and avoiding smoking. Health and illness can co-exist, as even people with multiple chronic diseases or terminal illnesses can consider themselves healthy.

text: Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from the Alameda County Study suggested that people can improve their health via

text: exercise

text: , enough

text: sleep

text: , maintaining a healthy

text: body weight

text: , limiting

text: alcohol

text: use, and avoiding

text: smoking

text: . Health and

text: illness

text: can co-exist, as even people with multiple chronic diseases or terminal illnesses can consider themselves healthy.

text: There is a practice in many Orthodox communities to wash the hands before reciting birkat hamazon. This practice is called mayim acharonim (final waters). It is held that this, though a chovah (duty), is not a mitzvah (a commandment), as the practice was instituted for health reasons (specifically, to avoid the danger of touching the eyes with harmful salts). There is therefore no blessing said for this washing. A special ritual dispenser can be used to dispense the water, but does not need to be.  Although the practice is based on a ruling recorded in the Talmud, whether or not this ruling is still binding is a matter of dispute among various Orthodox communities, given that the practice of eating with knives and forks seems to remove the practical reason for it.  Some practice it as a binding halachah, others as an optional custom, and others do not practice it at all.  Among those who do practice mayim acharonim, the majority simply pour a small amount of water over their finger tips (note that according to the Mishna Berurah, this does not fulfill the terms of the obligation at all but according to the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch(43:1)  one "need not wash the entire hand. It is sufficient to wash until the second joint of the fingers", while a minority, usually Yemenite Jews or related groups, will wash up to the wrist. One should not pause between the washing and saying birkat hamazon.

text: There is a practice in many Orthodox communities to wash the hands before reciting birkat hamazon. This practice is called mayim acharonim (final waters). It is held that this, though a chovah (duty), is not a mitzvah (a commandment), as the practice was instituted for health reasons (specifically, to avoid the danger of touching the eyes with harmful salts). There is therefore no blessing said for this washing. A special ritual dispenser can be used to dispense the water, but does not need to be.  Although the practice is based on a ruling recorded in the Talmud, whether or not this ruling is still binding is a matter of dispute among various Orthodox communities, given that the practice of eating with knives and forks seems to remove the practical reason for it.  Some practice it as a binding

text: halachah

text: , others as an optional custom, and others do not practice it at all.  Among those who do practice mayim acharonim, the majority simply pour a small amount of water over their finger tips (note that according to the Mishna Berurah, this does not fulfill the terms of the obligation at all but according to the

text: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch

text: (43:1)  one "need not wash the entire hand. It is sufficient to wash until the second joint of the fingers", while a minority, usually

text: Yemenite Jews

text: or related groups, will wash up to the wrist. One should not pause between the washing and saying birkat hamazon.

text: <blockquote>Save a fortune on laundry bills. Give your dirty shirts to a second-hand shop. They will wash and iron them, and then you can buy them back for 50p.

text: Contact with contaminates from the mine can result in both cancerous and non-cancerous health effects depending on where, when, and how long the exposure occurred. Arsenic poses the most significant health risk to exposed individuals via contact with contaminated surface water and sediment. Other risks for exposure include eating fish, plants and wild game collected near the mine, inhalation of dust near the mine, and or eating animals raised near Leviathan. In general, avoiding contact with mine tailings, surface water, and sediments in Leviathan, Aspen, and Bryant creeks, as well as the River Ranch Irrigation channel will reduce contaminate exposure and therefore reduce health risks.

text: Contact with contaminates from the mine can result in both

text: cancer

text: ous and non-cancerous health effects depending on where, when, and how long the exposure occurred.

text: Arsenic

text: poses the most significant health risk to exposed individuals via contact with contaminated

text: surface water

text: and

text: sediment

text: . Other risks for exposure include eating fish, plants and wild game collected near the mine, inhalation of

text: dust

text: near the mine, and or eating animals raised near Leviathan. In general, avoiding contact with

text: mine tailings

text: , surface water, and sediments in Leviathan, Aspen, and Bryant creeks, as well as the River Ranch Irrigation channel will reduce contaminate exposure and therefore reduce health risks.

text: Diethylethanolamine is an irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have set occupational exposure limits for workers handling the chemical at 10 ppm (50 mg/m) over an eight-hour workday.

text: Diethylethanolamine is an irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. The

text: and the

text: have set occupational exposure limits for workers handling the chemical at 10 ppm (50 mg/m) over an eight-hour workday.

text: Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.

text: Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like

text: Jena

text: and

text: Erfurt

text: get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.

text: An increase in PM emitted from the Hayman fire in Colorado in June 2002, was associated with an increase in respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD.Looking at the wildfires in Southern California in October 2003 in a similar manner, investigators have shown an increase in hospital admissions due to asthma during peak concentrations of PM. Children participating in the Children's Health Study were also found to have an increase in eye and respiratory symptoms, medication use and physician visits. Recently, it was demonstrated that mothers who were pregnant during the fires gave birth to babies with a slightly reduced average birth weight compared to those who were not exposed to wildfire during birth. Suggesting that pregnant women may also be at greater risk to adverse effects from wildfire. Worldwide it is estimated that 339,000 people die due to the effects of wildfire smoke each year.

text: The Ministry of Health (), abbreviated MOH, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for health system: health behavior, cancer, public health, health management, medical research, health systems research, respiratory medicine, health promotion, healthcare tourism, medical device, blood collection, leprosy control, clinical research, health care, dental care, health institution, laboratory, pharmaceutical, patient safety.

text: The Ministry of Health (), abbreviated MOH, is a

text: ministry

text: of the

text: Government of Malaysia

text: that is responsible for

text: health system

text: health behavior

text: cancer

text: public health

text: health management

text: medical research

text: health systems research

text: respiratory medicine

text: health promotion

text: healthcare tourism

text: medical device

text: blood collection

text: leprosy control

text: clinical research

text: health care

text: dental care

text: health institution

text: laboratory

text: pharmaceutical

text: patient safety

text: It is estimated that 50–80% of fire deaths are the result of smoke inhalation injuries, including burns to the respiratory system. The hot smoke injures or kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation and swelling, caused by carbon monoxide, cyanide and other combustion products.

text: It is estimated that 50–80% of fire deaths are the result of

text: smoke

text: inhalation injuries, including burns to the respiratory system. The hot smoke injures or kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation and swelling, caused by

text: carbon monoxide

text: cyanide

text: and other combustion products.

text: Native doctors, nurses, community health workers, and volunteers then conduct regularly scheduled home visits to targeted households whose census information reveals a high risk of illness or death. During these home visits, health knowledge and practices are measured and vital events are recorded so that families’ illnesses, health experiences, deaths, births, and migrations are tracked. This information is entered into a health information system so; program interventions can be measured and then analyzed with the participation of local people and leaders of the community.

text: These clinical signs usually first become apparent when the horse is placed into training as a young animal; however, affected horses will show histological changes consistent with muscle damage at one month of age, and may also show elevations in creatine kinase (CK), an enzyme that elevates with muscle damage. Concurrent illness, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infection, can lead to elevations in CK and potentially life-threatening rhabdomyolysis, even without exercise. Horses with PSSM often have a persistently elevated CK at rest, which differentiates the disease from recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, in which horses have normal CK concentrations between episodes.

text: These clinical signs usually first become apparent when the horse is placed into training as a young animal; however, affected horses will show histological changes consistent with muscle damage at one month of age, and may also show elevations in

text: creatine kinase

text: (CK), an enzyme that elevates with muscle damage. Concurrent illness, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infection, can lead to elevations in CK and potentially life-threatening rhabdomyolysis, even without exercise. Horses with PSSM often have a persistently elevated CK at rest, which differentiates the disease from recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, in which horses have normal CK concentrations between episodes.

text: As the Modeh Ani does not include any of the names of God, observant Jews may recite it before washing their hands.  According to the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, one should pause slightly between the words "compassion" and "abundant is Your faithfulness."

text: As the Modeh Ani does not include any of the names of God, observant Jews may recite it before washing their hands.  According to the

text: Kitzur Shulchan Aruch

text: , one should pause slightly between the words "compassion" and "abundant is Your faithfulness."

text: In 2003, he served on the Hong Kong SARS Expert Committee to shape Hong Kong's response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak.  One of his last presentations included a Global Perspective on Public Health presentation at the Conference on Public Health and Inauguration of the World Association of Chinese Public Health Professionals.

text: In 2003, he served on the Hong Kong SARS Expert Committee to shape Hong Kong's response to the

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) outbreak.  One of his last presentations included a Global Perspective on Public Health presentation at the Conference on Public Health and Inauguration of the World Association of Chinese Public Health Professionals.

text: Relative to thought records, behavioral experiments are thought to be better at changing an individual's beliefs and behaviors. To test this hypothesis, researchers conducted an experiment comparing the degree of belief and behavioral change in participants who were given either a thought record or a behavioral experiment intervention. Specifically, this study tested participants who endorsed the commonly held belief, "If I don't wash my hands after going to the restroom, I'll get sick." Participants in the thought record condition were given a "normal" thought record not unlike the one described in the "Thought Record" section of this article and asked to come up with evidence for and against the following belief: "Not washing your hands after going to the toilet will make you ill." After this, they were asked to reflect on their own experiences of washing or not washing their hands after going to the toilet and to come up with a balanced alternative belief.

text: The visual system in the brain is too slow to process that information if the images are slipping across the retina at more than a few degrees per second. Thus, to be able to see while we are moving, the brain must compensate for the motion of the head by turning the eyes. Another specialisation of visual system in many vertebrate animals is the development of a small area of the retina with a very high visual acuity. This area is called the fovea, and covers about 2 degrees of visual angle in people. To get a clear view of the world, the brain must turn the eyes so that the image of the object of regard falls on the fovea. Eye movements are thus very important for visual perception, and any failure to make them correctly can lead to serious visual disabilities. To see a quick demonstration of this fact, try the following experiment: hold your hand up, about one foot (30 cm) in front of your nose. Keep your head still, and shake your hand from side to side, slowly at first, and then faster and faster. At first you will be able to see your fingers quite clearly. But as the frequency of shaking passes about 1 Hz, the fingers will become a blur. Now, keep your hand still, and shake your head (up and down or left and right). No matter how fast you shake your head, the image of your fingers remains clear. This demonstrates that the brain can move the eyes opposite to head motion much better than it can follow, or pursue, a hand movement. When your pursuit system fails to keep up with the moving hand, images slip on the retina and you see a blurred hand.

text: The visual system in the brain is too slow to process that information if the images are slipping across the retina at more than a few degrees per second. Thus, to be able to see while we are moving, the brain must compensate for the motion of the head by turning the eyes. Another specialisation of visual system in many vertebrate animals is the development of a small area of the retina with a very high

text: visual acuity

text: . This area is called the

text: fovea

text: , and covers about 2 degrees of visual angle in people. To get a clear view of the world, the brain must turn the eyes so that the image of the object of regard falls on the fovea. Eye movements are thus very important for visual perception, and any failure to make them correctly can lead to serious visual disabilities. To see a quick demonstration of this fact, try the following experiment: hold your hand up, about one foot (30 cm) in front of your nose. Keep your head still, and shake your hand from side to side, slowly at first, and then faster and faster. At first you will be able to see your fingers quite clearly. But as the frequency of shaking passes about

text: 1 Hz

text: , the fingers will become a blur. Now, keep your hand still, and shake your head (up and down or left and right). No matter how fast you shake your head, the image of your fingers remains clear. This demonstrates that the brain can move the eyes opposite to head motion much better than it can follow, or pursue, a hand movement. When your pursuit system fails to keep up with the moving hand, images slip on the retina and you see a blurred hand.

text: That night we tried to pitch tents on the wind-swept, soggy moors. The first thing I did was tend to my bloody feet which were a mess. I couldn't get the tent pegs to hold, so I sat on a folded shelter-half to keep my bottom dry and wrapped a blanket around my tired, aching body. No matter how I sat my legs began to cramp. I spent a miserable night. I had to be ready the next day or be disgraced. I persevered. My weight dropped from 205 to 170 pounds in those 10 days.At the conclusion of the exercise, the battalion returned to Rude looking like survivors of the Bataan death march. Bedraggled and very hungry, we limped over the last hill into town. We showered and changed into clean, dry clothes and headed for the mess hall for breakfast. It was an all you-can-eat feast of powdered eggs, bacon, sausage, pancakes, syrup, jelly, bread and coffee. I piled my mess kit high and found a quiet place to eat. After a few bites I was full. Stomachs had shrunk. After a few days, we gained most of our weight back. They gave us the rest of the day to rest and clean equipment.

text: Training health professionals in shared decision-making attracts the attention of policy makers when it shows potential for addressing chronic problems in healthcare systems such as the overuse of drugs or screening tests. One such program, designed for primary care physicians in Quebec, Canada, showed that shared decision-making can reduce use of antibiotics for acute respiratory problems (ear aches, sinusitis, bronchitis, etc.) which are often caused by viruses and do not respond to antibiotics.

text: Exposure to dalapon affects the eyes, central nervous system, digestive system, respiratory system, and skin. Dalapon can be absorbed through inhalation, eye contact, skin contact, or by ingesting it. The symptoms of dalapon exposure include eye irritation, central nervous system depression, bradycardia, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fatigue, burn, upper respiratory irritation, and skin irritation. First aid measures for exposure include artificial respiration, immediate eye irrigation, and immediate washing with water. Immediate medical attention should be sought if dalapon is ingested.

text: Exposure to dalapon affects the

text: eyes

text: central nervous system

text: digestive system

text: respiratory system

text: , and

text: skin

text: . Dalapon can be absorbed through

text: inhalation

text: , eye contact, skin contact, or by

text: ingesting

text: it. The symptoms of dalapon exposure include eye irritation,

text: central nervous system depression

text: bradycardia

text: vomiting

text: diarrhea

text: loss of appetite

text: fatigue

text: burn

text: , upper respiratory irritation, and skin irritation. First aid measures for exposure include

text: artificial respiration

text: , immediate eye irrigation, and immediate washing with water. Immediate medical attention should be sought if dalapon is ingested.

text: The structure of the octopus’ gills allows for a high amount of oxygen uptake; up to 65% in water at 20⁰C.  Also the thin skin of the octopus accounts for a large portion of in-vitro oxygen uptake. Estimates suggest around 41% of all oxygen absorption is through the skin when at rest. This number is affected by the activity of the animal – the oxygen uptake increases when the octopus is exercising due to its entire body being constantly exposed to water, but the total amount of oxygen absorption through skin is actually decreased to 33% as a result of the metabolic cost of swimming. When the animal is curled up after eating, its absorption through its skin can drop to 3% of its total oxygen uptake. The octopus’ respiratory pigment, hemocyanin, also assists in increasing oxygen uptake. Octopuses can maintain a constant oxygen uptake even when oxygen concentrations in the water decrease to around 3.5 kPa or 31.6% saturation (standard deviation 8.3%). If oxygen saturation in sea water drops to about 1-10% it can be fatal for Octopus vulgaris depending on the weight of the animal and the water temperature.  Ventilation may increase to pump more water carrying oxygen across the gills but due to receptors found on the gills the energy use and oxygen uptake remains at a stable rate. The high percent of oxygen extraction allows for energy saving and benefits for living in an area of low oxygen concentration.

text: The structure of the octopus’ gills allows for a high amount of oxygen uptake; up to 65% in water at 20⁰C.  Also the thin skin of the octopus accounts for a large portion of

text: in-vitro

text: oxygen uptake. Estimates suggest around 41% of all oxygen absorption is through the skin when at rest. This number is affected by the activity of the animal – the oxygen uptake increases when the octopus is exercising due to its entire body being constantly exposed to water, but the total amount of oxygen absorption through skin is actually decreased to 33% as a result of the metabolic cost of swimming. When the animal is curled up after eating, its absorption through its skin can drop to 3% of its total oxygen uptake. The octopus’ respiratory pigment,

text: hemocyanin

text: , also assists in increasing oxygen uptake. Octopuses can maintain a constant oxygen uptake even when oxygen concentrations in the water decrease to around 3.5 kPa or 31.6% saturation (standard deviation 8.3%). If oxygen saturation in sea water drops to about 1-10% it can be fatal for Octopus vulgaris depending on the weight of the animal and the water temperature.  Ventilation may increase to pump more water carrying oxygen across the gills but due to receptors found on the gills the energy use and oxygen uptake remains at a stable rate. The high percent of oxygen extraction allows for energy saving and benefits for living in an area of low oxygen concentration.

text: To avoid rubbing the spray into the skin, thereby prolonging the burning sensation, and, in order to not spread the compound to other parts of the body, victims should try to avoid touching affected areas. There are also wipes manufactured for the express purpose of serving to decontaminate someone having received a dose of pepper spray. Many ambulance services and emergency departments use baby shampoo to remove the spray and with generally good effect. Some of the OC and CS will remain in the respiratory system, but a recovery of vision and the coordination of the eyes can be expected within 7 to 15 minutes.

text: Since health care workers must wash their hands frequently to prevent disease transmission, hospital grade lotion is recommended to prevent skin dermatitis caused by frequent exposure to cleaning agents in the soap. A 2006 study found that application of hospital grade lotion after hand washing significantly reduced skin roughness and dryness.

text: In 2009, the State of Hawaii, under the administration of then-Governor Linda Lingle, attempted to restrict health care access for Compact citizens by eliminating all Compact residents of Hawaii from QUEST, the state’s comprehensive Medicaid coverage plan. COFA residents were instead subject to Basic Health Hawaii, a limited health care plan under which "transportation services are excluded and patients can receive no more than ten days of medically necessary inpatient hospital care per year, twelve outpatient visits per year, and a maximum of four medication prescriptions per calendar month. . . . BHH covers dialysis treatments as an emergency medical service only, and the approximate ten to twelve prescription medications dialysis patients take per month are not fully covered. BHH . . . caus[es] cancer patients to exhaust their allotted doctors' visits within two to three months".

text: In 2009, the State of Hawaii, under the administration of then-Governor

text: Linda Lingle

text: , attempted to restrict health care access for Compact citizens by eliminating all Compact residents of Hawaii from QUEST, the state’s comprehensive Medicaid coverage plan. COFA residents were instead subject to Basic Health Hawaii, a limited health care plan under which "transportation services are excluded and patients can receive no more than ten days of medically necessary inpatient hospital care per year, twelve outpatient visits per year, and a maximum of four medication prescriptions per calendar month. . . . BHH covers dialysis treatments as an emergency medical service only, and the approximate ten to twelve prescription medications dialysis patients take per month are not fully covered. BHH . . . caus[es] cancer patients to exhaust their allotted doctors' visits within two to three months".

text: Japan has a universal health care system that mandates all residents have health insurance, either at work or through a local community-based insurer, but does not impose penalties on individuals for not having insurance. The Japanese health ministry "tightly controls the price of health care down to the smallest detail. Every two years, the doctors and the health ministry negotiate a fixed price for every procedure and every drug. That helps keep premiums to around $280 a month for the average Japanese family." Insurance premiums are set by the government, with guaranteed issue and community rating. Insurers are not allowed to deny claims or coverage, or to make profits (net revenue is carried over to the next year, and if the carryover is large, the premium goes down). Around 10% evade the compulsory insurance premium; municipal governments do not issue them insurance cards, which providers require. Voluntary private insurance is available through several sources including employers and unions to cover expenditures not covered by statutory insurance, but this accounts for only about 2% of health care spending. In practice, doctors will not deny care to patients in the low-priced universal system because they make up the great majority of patients nationwide, and doctors would not be able to earn enough by serving only the small number of patients with private insurance. Total spending is around half the American level, and taxpayers subsidize the poor.

text: Japan

text: has a

text: universal health care system

text: that mandates all residents have health insurance, either at work or through a local community-based insurer, but does not impose penalties on individuals for not having insurance. The

text: Japanese health ministry

text: "tightly controls the price of health care down to the smallest detail. Every two years, the doctors and the health ministry negotiate a fixed price for every procedure and every drug. That helps keep premiums to around $280 a month for the average Japanese family." Insurance premiums are set by the government, with guaranteed issue and community rating. Insurers are not allowed to deny claims or coverage, or to make profits (net revenue is carried over to the next year, and if the carryover is large, the premium goes down). Around 10% evade the compulsory insurance premium; municipal governments do not issue them insurance cards, which providers require. Voluntary private insurance is available through several sources including employers and unions to cover expenditures not covered by statutory insurance, but this accounts for only about 2% of health care spending. In practice, doctors will not deny care to patients in the low-priced universal system because they make up the great majority of patients nationwide, and doctors would not be able to earn enough by serving only the small number of patients with private insurance. Total spending is around half the American level, and taxpayers subsidize the poor.

text: According to Exercise and Sport Science Australia, a minimum amount of 210 minutes of moderate intensity exercise or 125 minutes of vigorous intensity exercise should be performed per week. Exercise should include both aerobic and resistance training. For greater health benefits, exercise should be performed regularly with no more than a two-day gap between training sessions.

text: Greene dedicated A Burnt-Out Case to Docteur Michel Lechat, a medical doctor at a leper colony in Yonda in Africa (one of a number of such colonies Greene had visited in the Congo and the Cameroons, which had inspired his novel). In his dedication to Lechat, Greene writes: "Doctor Colin has borrowed from you his experience of leprosy and nothing else. Doctor Colin's leproserie is not your leproserie.... From the fathers of your Mission I have stolen the Superior's cheroots--that is all, and from your Bishop the boat that he was so generous as to lend me for a journey up the Ruki."

text: Greene dedicated A Burnt-Out Case to Docteur Michel Lechat, a medical doctor at a

text: leper colony

text: in Yonda in Africa (one of a number of such colonies Greene had visited in the

text: Congo

text: and the

text: Cameroons

text: , which had inspired his novel). In his dedication to Lechat, Greene writes: "Doctor Colin has borrowed from you his experience of

text: leprosy

text: and nothing else. Doctor Colin's

text: leproserie

text: is not your leproserie.... From the fathers of your Mission I have stolen the Superior's

text: cheroot

text: s--that is all, and from your Bishop the boat that he was so generous as to lend me for a journey up the Ruki."

text: Saint Cyril of Jerusalem mentions a washing of hands that takes place in the sight of the people (Mystagogical Catechism, v). And this still takes place at a Hierarchical Divine Liturgy (i.e., one at which a bishop is serving). He will wash his hands as he stands at the kathedra in the nave of the church.  This takes place during the reading of the Little Hours after he has been solemly vested by two subdeacons. The subdeacons and a server will approach the bishop; the server holds the ewer and basin, and has a large towel around his neck.  The subedacons pour rose water over the bishop's hands and then lift the towel from the server's neck and give it to the bishop for him to dry his hands. Meanwhile, the protodeacon is swinging the censer and chanting the verses from Psalm 25. Afterwards, the subdeacons replace the towel over the server's neck, and all three bow to the bishop and return to the sanctuary.

text: Saint

text: Cyril of Jerusalem

text: mentions a washing of hands that takes place in the sight of the people (

text: Mystagogical

text: Catechism

text: , v). And this still takes place at a

text: Hierarch

text: ical Divine Liturgy (i.e., one at which a bishop is serving). He will wash his hands as he stands at the

text: kathedra

text: in the

text: nave

text: of the church.  This takes place during the reading of the

text: Little Hours

text: after he has been solemly vested by two

text: subdeacon

text: s. The subdeacons and a server will approach the bishop; the server holds the

text: ewer

text: and

text: basin

text: , and has a large towel around his neck.  The subedacons pour

text: rose water

text: over the bishop's hands and then lift the towel from the server's neck and give it to the bishop for him to dry his hands. Meanwhile, the

text: protodeacon

text: is swinging the

text: censer

text: and chanting the verses from Psalm 25. Afterwards, the subdeacons replace the towel over the server's neck, and all three bow to the bishop and return to the sanctuary.

text: In situations where hand washing with soap is not an option (e.g. when in a public place with no access to wash facilities), a waterless hand sanitizer such as an alcohol hand gel can be used. They can also be used in addition to hand washing, to minimize risks when caring for "at risk" groups. To be effective, alcohol hand gels should contain not less than 60%v/v alcohol. Hand sanitizers are not an option in most developing countries.  In situations with limited water supply, there are water-conserving solutions, such as tippy-taps.  (A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.)  In low-income communities, mud or ash is sometimes used as an alternative to soap.

text: In situations where hand washing with soap is not an option (e.g. when in a public place with no access to wash facilities), a

text: waterless hand sanitizer

text: such as an

text: alcohol hand gel

text: can be used. They can also be used in addition to hand washing, to minimize risks when caring for "at risk" groups. To be effective, alcohol hand gels should contain not less than 60%v/v alcohol. Hand sanitizers are not an option in most developing countries.  In situations with limited water supply, there are water-conserving solutions, such as tippy-taps.  (A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.)  In low-income communities, mud or ash is sometimes used as an alternative to soap.

text: 1932-1933 was spent carrying out Fleet Exercises and Visits Programmes as well as Flotilla exercises and independent visits. She also took part in combined exercises with the Home Fleet at Gibraltar each year in Spring. Ardent returned to the UK in January 1934 to undergo another refit. She was paid off in February and subsequently recommissioned to rejoin the flotilla. She spent March–July 1934 working up and on duties in home waters, before taking passage to Malta to rejoin the flotilla. The rest of the year was spent in the Mediterranean, in deployments and exercises. 1935 was much the same, with a brief visit to the Coronation Review at Spithead in June with the Mediterranean Fleet.

text: 1932-1933 was spent carrying out Fleet Exercises and Visits Programmes as well as Flotilla exercises and independent visits. She also took part in combined exercises with the

text: Home Fleet

text: at

text: Gibraltar

text: each year in Spring. Ardent returned to the UK in January 1934 to undergo another refit. She was paid off in February and subsequently recommissioned to rejoin the flotilla. She spent March–July 1934 working up and on duties in home waters, before taking passage to Malta to rejoin the flotilla. The rest of the year was spent in the Mediterranean, in deployments and exercises. 1935 was much the same, with a brief visit to the

text: Coronation Review

text: at

text: Spithead

text: in June with the Mediterranean Fleet.

text: Bringing mambalgins to a practical use, these peptides could be useful in the analgesic treatments of patients with chronic respiratory diseases, given that their effect seems not to affect the respiratory system, in contrast to morphine which can cause respiratory distress. In addition, this new potential drug seems to deal with the problem of tolerance using morphine, in other words, needing an increasingly higher dose each time to obtain the same effect. This would be of great use for the chronically ill, as they could take the analgesic as many times as they wanted without becoming addicts or dependant on the drug. Other side effects such as constipation could also be avoided by using mambalgins instead of morphine.

text: Bringing mambalgins to a practical use, these peptides could be useful in the analgesic treatments of patients with

text: chronic respiratory diseases

text: , given that their effect seems not to affect the respiratory system, in contrast to morphine which can cause respiratory distress. In addition, this new potential drug seems to deal with the problem of tolerance using morphine, in other words, needing an increasingly higher dose each time to obtain the same effect. This would be of great use for the chronically ill, as they could take the analgesic as many times as they wanted without becoming addicts or dependant on the drug. Other side effects such as

text: constipation

text: could also be avoided by using mambalgins instead of morphine.

text: Due to the frequently poor breeding conditions in puppy mills, puppies bred there often suffer from health and/or social problems. Puppies raised in a cramped environment shared by many other dogs become poorly socialized to other dogs and to humans. Dogs are then transported over long distances in poor conditions, sometimes resulting in animal stress and death. As the surviving mill dogs grow older, they are more prone to developing respiratory ailments and pneumonia, as well as hereditary defects such as hip dysplasia. In addition, mill dogs are more prone to have problems with their temperament due to lack of socialization, enrichment, and positive human contact. Puppies from mills are usually sold as purebred dogs in an attempt to attract the higher prices associated with purebreds. However, due to the indiscriminate breeding practices of puppy mills, the dog may not actually be a purebred puppy. A high population of puppies from mills are inbred due to uncontrolled breeding. The vast majority of puppy mill animals are sold to pet stores by "dealers" or "brokers". Some puppies are sold by dealers masquerading as authentic breeders.

text: Due to the frequently poor breeding conditions in puppy mills, puppies bred there often suffer from health and/or social problems. Puppies raised in a cramped environment shared by many other dogs become poorly socialized to other dogs and to humans. Dogs are then transported over long distances in poor conditions, sometimes resulting in animal stress and death. As the surviving mill dogs grow older, they are more prone to developing respiratory ailments and

text: pneumonia

text: , as well as hereditary defects such as

text: hip dysplasia

text: . In addition, mill dogs are more prone to have problems with their temperament due to lack of socialization, enrichment, and positive human contact. Puppies from mills are usually sold as purebred dogs in an attempt to attract the higher prices associated with purebreds. However, due to the indiscriminate breeding practices of puppy mills, the dog may not actually be a purebred puppy. A high population of puppies from mills are inbred due to uncontrolled breeding. The vast majority of puppy mill animals are sold to pet stores by "dealers" or "brokers". Some puppies are sold by dealers masquerading as authentic breeders.

text: Keeping pigeons has been found to lead to a condition called pigeon fancier's lung in some fanciers. Pigeon fancier's lung is an extrinsic allergic reaction resembling asthma which occurs when a person has been exposed to certain proteins in the dust associated with a pigeon's feathers over long periods of time, usually several years.  When a fancier develops this condition, there are several treatments which may help him or her to keep his or her pigeons.  However, some cases are so severe that the fancier must avoid close contact with pigeons.

text: Keeping pigeons has been found to lead to a condition called

text: pigeon fancier's lung

text: in some fanciers. Pigeon fancier's lung is an extrinsic allergic reaction resembling asthma which occurs when a person has been exposed to certain proteins in the dust associated with a pigeon's feathers over long periods of time, usually several years.  When a fancier develops this condition, there are several treatments which may help him or her to keep his or her pigeons.  However, some cases are so severe that the fancier must avoid close contact with pigeons.

text: Hold on to Health is a Camp Fire program that helps to teach children to make healthy decisions regarding exercise and eating. It also encourages children to get their families and other youth involved in becoming healthy.

text: There are 11 health centers in Lal wa Sar e Jangal district. it's consist of Lal district health center, Safid-Ab, Daimirdad, Khame-e-Shur, Qala-e-Pechi, Kerman, Talkhak and Garmab basic health centers, Ghighanace health sub-center, Afghan red crescent society health center in Talkhak valley and LEPCO special health clinic for the  treat of Tubercles and Leprosy patients.All of the health centers are funded by the MoPH through implementing Afghan NGOs which significantly provides poor health services, except ARCS and LAPCO clinics that's funded by national and international organizations. Luck of qualified medical doctors, specialists, obstetricians and medical technicians are a big challenge for provision of health services to the community.  Bad quality of road, isolation of district from capital city and center of the province, unqualified medical staff, lack of proper training for the existing staff and lack of interests of medical staff to come for work from outside Lal wa Sar e Jangal adds to challenges and health problems.  The mothers and children mortality rate is high in this province due to lack of proper maternal health, post natal and anti natal cars, bad roads creates problem to get easy access to the health facilities and also low level of knowledge of the existing health staff. Acute respiratory infections and other respiratory diseases are common in the winter time and Acute Castro Enteritis is common in the summer time due to lack of access to the clean drinking water. Some, other sickness such as urinary tract infections, malnutrition in children and women and Joint pain are also common in this district during all seasons.

text: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can have a multitude of detrimental effects on the health and development of the offspring.  Common results of smoking during pregnancy include pre-term births, low birth weights, fetal and neonatal deaths, respiratory problems, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), as well as increased risk for cognitive impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral problems. Also, in a study published in the International Journal of Cancer, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy experienced a 22% risk increase for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

text: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can have a multitude of detrimental effects on the health and development of the offspring.  Common results of smoking during pregnancy include pre-term births, low birth weights, fetal and neonatal deaths, respiratory problems, and

text: sudden infant death syndrome

text: (SIDS), as well as increased risk for cognitive impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral problems. Also, in a study published in the International Journal of Cancer, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy experienced a 22% risk increase for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

text: Some medical opinions question the effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizers for preventing influenza.  Arthur Reingold, vaccine specialist who has advised for the WHO, worries that "in the determination to tell people what they can do to protect themselves, people pooh-pooh things like masks, which really are effective against influenza, and are reluctant to get vaccinated." He claims that "washing hands really is wonderful for preventing many diseases, such as the common cold, but it's not very helpful to prevent influenza, [and that] studies done 40 and 50 years ago pretty much show it's impossible to get influenza through hand-to-hand contact". Instead, he says that "you must breathe the virus [right] into your lungs". In the same lay press article, Bonnie Henry, Director of Public Health Emergency Management at the B.C. Centre for Disease Control, agrees with Reingold that the principal way to get swine flu is by breathing the virus right into your lungs. However, she says animal studies have shown that the virus can infect you through your nose, your throat, and even through the tear ducts of your eyes. For example, research into the transmission of influenza from swine to humans has shown a statistically significant reduction in transmission if the handler wears gloves when working with sick animals, therefore implying that there is a distinct danger of catching the influenza virus via hand-to-face transmission. That opinion is shared by US Public Health, CDC and WHO officials, who therefore agree that washing the hands with soap and water or the use of a hand sanitizer (and not touching eyes, nose or mouth) are important measures to help prevent the spread of influenza.

text: The law does not consider that "mere puff" or "sales talk" are misrepresentations. For example, a second-hand car dealer claiming "this is the fastest car ever", or a washing detergent company advertising that their product "will clean your clothes whiter than white" are not considered misrepresentations, as a reasonable person would be unlikely to take such claims seriously.

text: The Good Doctors: The Medical Committee for Human Rights and the Struggle for Social Justice in Health Care is a 2009 non-fiction book by historian John Dittmer.  The book documents the history of the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR), a group of health professionals who delivered health care to wounded protesters and victims of police violence during the Civil Rights Movement and the anti-war movement in the United States in the 1960s, at a time when the health care system in the South was still segregated.

text: The Good Doctors: The Medical Committee for Human Rights and the Struggle for Social Justice in Health Care is a 2009 non-fiction book by historian

text: John Dittmer

text: .  The book documents the history of the

text: Medical Committee for Human Rights

text: (MCHR), a group of health professionals who delivered health care to wounded protesters and victims of police violence during the

entity_name: African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–1968)

text: Civil Rights Movement

text: and the

text: anti-war movement

text: in the United States in the 1960s, at a time when the health care system in the

text: South

text: was still segregated.

text: Physical health is also something that needs to be worked on daily, whether it is exercise, healthy eating, or relaxation. states that blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate will all decrease when one is relaxed. This means that a person's heart does not beat as fast and their breathing is shallow, helping one's body have time to rest. This will reduce the extra stress that these things can do to the body if they are over worked. Muscle tension will decrease. If one's muscle tension is decreased they are not burning up extra energy that they may need later in the day. Metabolism can also decrease; this is mostly seen in hibernation and sleep and that gives the body extra time to rest and focus on other aspect that it needs to. This could be seen as a good or bad thing, depending on the overall quality of health. People who practice relaxation have said to be able to tolerate pain better both mentally and physically.

text: The Red-Tiger Bulldog was developed from a foundation of red-nosed American Bulldogs owned and produced by Rev. Scott L. Amos Sr., also known as “Scott Free” and his then international breeding program “S. Amos American Bulldogs/Free-Style American Bulldogs” with intentions of composing a standout Bulldog of distinct color and beauty, while harboring diverse functional working structure and ability, natural protective prowess, free producing sires, free whelping dams and natural coursing ability, (devoid of congenital breathing issues). In the late 1990s Rev. Amos infused Ca de Bou – Mallorquin bulldogs, Banter Bulldog and pure Old Southern White Bulldog genetics for out-cross vigor; This complex infusion allowed the Red-Tiger Bulldog strain to attain higher levels of health, refined structure; (allowing enhanced endurance) and a more cephalic head, jaw and respiratory system; (which allowed clean breathing, devoid of congenital respiratory issues) rather than the historically poor respiratory system existing in many other bulldog breeds, which stemmed from the more common and extreme brachycephalic jaw and respiratory that bulldogs in general were founded from.

text: Historical research has shown that the old Angkorian civilization took advantage of the weather conditions by digging huge reservoirs during the wet season and releasing the water during the dry season using an irrigation system and the land’s natural slope. This double and sometimes even tripled the amount of rice crops per year, strengthening the developing nation. However, today, this irrigation network is no longer present, and peasants only get one rice crop a year. What has not changed is the planting of rice in fields as well as the survival value of rice. It is still the main source of income for peasants and the only currency used to bargain. They use the crops to pay for what they need, such as property rent for land to plant, and the rest is kept for the family to eat.

text: Inocybe lacera has mild-tasting flesh and a mild, mealy smell. The North American variety I. lacera var. heterosperma has a spermatic smell. However, species of Inocybe should always be avoided when choosing mushrooms for consumption, as many of the members of the genus are dangerously toxic. I. lacera is known to be poisonous, containing quantities of the toxic compound muscarine. Consumption of the mushroom typically leads to salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal problems and emesis (vomiting), which has given rise to the acronym SLUDGE. Other potential effects include a drop in blood pressure, sweating and death due respiratory failure.

text: Inocybe lacera has mild-tasting flesh and a mild, mealy smell. The North American variety I. lacera var. heterosperma has a

text: spermatic

text: smell. However, species of

text: Inocybe

text: should always be avoided when choosing mushrooms for consumption, as many of the members of the genus are dangerously toxic. I. lacera is known to be poisonous, containing quantities of the toxic compound

text: muscarine

text: . Consumption of the mushroom typically leads to

text: salivation

text: lacrimation

text: urination

text: defecation

text: gastrointestinal problem

text: s and

text: emesis

text: (vomiting), which has given rise to the acronym SLUDGE. Other potential effects include a drop in

text: blood pressure

text: sweating

text: and death due

text: respiratory failure

text: Because casinos tend to allow smoking on the gambling floor, American croupiers are exposed to secondhand smoke. A health hazard evaluation of several Las Vegas casinos showed that nonsmoker croupiers suffered from more respiratory ailments than their administrative counterparts at the casinos and had cotinine and NNAL (both components of secondhand smoke) in their urine samples. However, after the 2007 ban on smoking in public places in Britain, secondhand smoke no longer poses a problem to casino staff in that country.

text: Because casinos tend to allow smoking on the gambling floor, American croupiers are exposed to

text: secondhand smoke

text: . A

text: health hazard evaluation

text: of several

text: Las Vegas

text: casinos showed that nonsmoker croupiers suffered from more respiratory ailments than their administrative counterparts at the casinos and had

text: cotinine

text: and

text: NNAL

text: (both components of secondhand smoke) in their urine samples. However, after the 2007 ban on smoking in public places in

text: Britain

text: , secondhand smoke no longer poses a problem to casino staff in that country.

text: Since World War II, smoking has gradually become less frequent on screen as the obvious health hazards of smoking have become more widely known. With the anti-smoking movement gaining greater respect and influence, conscious attempts not to show smoking on screen are now undertaken in order to avoid encouraging smoking or giving it positive associations, particularly for family films. Smoking on screen is more common today among characters who are portrayed as anti-social or even criminal.

text: Variations in perfusion distribution do not necessarily affect respiratory inert gas exchange, though some gas may be locally trapped by changes in perfusion. Rest in a cold environment will reduce inert gas exchange from skin, fat and muscle, whereas exercise will increase gas exchange. Exercise during decompression can reduce decompression time and risk, providing bubbles are not present, but can increase risk if bubbles are present.

text: The Mayo Clinic has suggested seven steps: stay mentally active, socialize regularly, get organized, eat a healthy diet, include physical activity in your daily routine, and manage chronic conditions. Because some of the causes of memory loss include medications, stress, depression, heart disease, alcohol abuse, thyroid problems, vitamin B12 deficiency, not drinking enough water, and not eating nutritiously, fixing those problems could be a simple, effective way to slow down dementia. Some say that exercise is the best way to prevent memory problems, because that would increase blood flow to the brain and perhaps help new brain cells grow. A healthy diet is also critical, partly because it has been demonstrated that healthy eaters are much less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease.

text: The Mayo Clinic has suggested seven steps: stay mentally active, socialize regularly, get organized, eat a

text: healthy diet

text: , include physical activity in your daily routine, and

text: manage chronic conditions

text: . Because some of the causes of memory loss include medications, stress, depression,

text: heart disease

text: , alcohol abuse, thyroid problems, vitamin B12 deficiency, not drinking enough water, and not eating nutritiously, fixing those problems could be a simple, effective way to slow down

text: dementia

text: . Some say that exercise is the best way to prevent memory problems, because that would increase blood flow to the brain and perhaps help new brain cells grow. A healthy diet is also critical, partly because it has been demonstrated that healthy eaters are much less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease.

text: The respiratory system (called also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.

text: The respiratory system (called also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a

text: biological system

text: consisting of specific

text: organs

text: and structures used for the process of

text: respiration

text: in an

text: organism

text: . The respiratory system is involved in the intake and

text: exchange

text: of

text: oxygen

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: between an organism and the environment.

text: HAES advocates reject the idea that dieting with the goal of weight loss directly and controllably improves health. The benefits of lifestyle interventions such as nutritious eating and exercise are seen as evidence based, but their benefits are independent of any weight loss they may cause. At the same time, HAES advocates espouse that sustained, large-scale weight loss is difficult to the point of effective impossibility for the majority of people. HAES proponents believe that health is a result of behaviors that are independent of body weight and that favouring being thin discriminates against the overweight and the obese, and contributes largely to society's support and encouragement of disordered eating practices. Efforts towards such weight loss are instead held to cause rapid swings in size that inflict far worse physical and psychological damage than would fat itself.

text: HAES advocates reject the idea that dieting with the goal of

text: weight loss

text: directly and controllably improves health. The benefits of lifestyle interventions such as nutritious eating and

text: exercise

text: are seen as evidence based, but their benefits are independent of any weight loss they may cause. At the same time, HAES advocates espouse that sustained, large-scale weight loss is difficult to the point of effective impossibility for the majority of people. HAES proponents believe that health is a result of behaviors that are independent of body weight and that favouring being thin discriminates against the overweight and the obese, and contributes largely to society's support and encouragement of disordered eating practices. Efforts towards such weight loss are instead held to cause rapid swings in size that inflict far worse physical and psychological damage than would fat itself.

text: Nowadays the situation has changed and health care system in Kosovo is organised in three sectors including, primary, secondary and tertiary health care.Primary health care in Pristina is organised in thirteen family medicine centres and fifteen ambulantory care units. Secondary health care is decentralised in seven regional hospitals. Pristina does not have any regional hospital and instead uses University Clinical Center of Kosovo for health care services. University Clinical Center of Kosovo provides its health care services in twelve clinics, where 642 doctors are employed. At a lower level, home services are provided for several vulnerable groups which are not able to reach health care premises. Kosovo health care services are now focused on patient safety, quality control and assisted health.

text: Nowadays the situation has changed and health care system in Kosovo is organised in three sectors including,

text: primary

text: , secondary and tertiary health care.Primary health care in

text: Pristina

text: is organised in thirteen family medicine centres and fifteen ambulantory care units. Secondary health care is decentralised in seven regional hospitals. Pristina does not have any regional hospital and instead uses University Clinical Center of Kosovo for health care services. University Clinical Center of Kosovo provides its health care services in twelve clinics, where 642 doctors are employed. At a lower level, home services are provided for several vulnerable groups which are not able to reach health care premises. Kosovo health care services are now focused on patient safety, quality control and assisted health.

text: Once composer Richard Rodgers asked Hoffmann to visit his friend Lorenz Hart who was having problems with alcoholism and who had a strong aversion to being treated by psychiatrists. Hart was in the hospital at the time and Hoffmann said he would visit Hart in the guise of a hospital staff member. At some point, Hoffmann dropped the pretense and began asking Hart questions such as why he liked oversized chairs and offices and if he had a Napoleon complex. Hart rejected Hoffmann's offer of treatment, phoning Rogers to say, "Your witch-doctor was in to see me."

text: Once composer

text: Richard Rodgers

text: asked Hoffmann to visit his friend

text: Lorenz Hart

text: who was having problems with alcoholism and who had a strong aversion to being treated by psychiatrists. Hart was in the hospital at the time and Hoffmann said he would visit Hart in the guise of a hospital staff member. At some point, Hoffmann dropped the pretense and began asking Hart questions such as why he liked oversized chairs and offices and if he had a

text: Napoleon complex

text: . Hart rejected Hoffmann's offer of treatment, phoning Rogers to say, "Your witch-doctor was in to see me."

text: State participation in Medicaid is voluntary; however, all states have participated since 1982 when Arizona formed its Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) program. In some states Medicaid is subcontracted to private health insurance companies, while other states pay providers (i.e., doctors, clinics and hospitals) directly.  There are many services that can fall under Medicaid and some states support more services than other states.  The most provided services are intermediate care for mentally handicapped, prescription drugs and nursing facility care for under 21-year-olds.  The least provided services include institutional religious (non-medical) health care, respiratory care for ventilator dependent and PACE (inclusive elderly care).

text: State participation in Medicaid is voluntary; however, all states have participated since 1982 when Arizona formed its

entity_name: Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System

text: Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System

text: (AHCCCS) program. In some states Medicaid is subcontracted to private health insurance companies, while other states pay providers (i.e., doctors, clinics and hospitals) directly.  There are many services that can fall under Medicaid and some states support more services than other states.  The most provided services are intermediate care for mentally handicapped, prescription drugs and nursing facility care for under 21-year-olds.  The least provided services include institutional religious (non-medical) health care, respiratory care for ventilator dependent and PACE (inclusive elderly care).

text: Secondhand smoke is a major cause of disease and premature death, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems in nonsmoking adults. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, there is no safe level of secondhand smoke exposure. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and are more susceptible to respiratory infections, asthma, and ear infections. One study showed that children who live in homes in which no one smokes inside have a 45% increase in cotinine levels if they live in multi-unit housing compared with detached homes, due to seepage through walls and shared ventilation systems.

text: Secondhand smoke is a major cause of disease and premature death, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems in nonsmoking adults. According to the

text: U.S. Surgeon General

text: , there is no safe level of secondhand smoke exposure. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of

text: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

text: (SIDS) and are more susceptible to respiratory infections, asthma, and ear infections. One study showed that children who live in homes in which no one smokes inside have a 45% increase in

text: cotinine

text: levels if they live in multi-unit housing compared with detached homes, due to seepage through walls and shared ventilation systems.

text: As per his contract, Webber started the year in Melbourne with Red Bull Racing. He recorded top-six lap times in each of the three practice sessions, and was on his way to the top ten in the qualifying session when the front right brake disc in his car failed going into turn 6 during Q2, sending him spinning off into the sand trap ending his qualifying session, and resulting in 15th position on the grid. Although starting well, he momentarily went off the track at turn 1 to avoid being involved in contact that had already erupted. Webber made several positions by turn 3 but an incident involving himself, Kazuki Nakajima and Anthony Davidson when he was slightly contacted by Davidson whilst trying to avoid the struggle between the other two drivers, ended his race.

text: As per his contract, Webber started the year in

text: Melbourne

text: with Red Bull Racing. He recorded top-six lap times in each of the three practice sessions, and was on his way to the top ten in the qualifying session when the front right brake disc in his car failed going into turn 6 during Q2, sending him spinning off into the sand trap ending his qualifying session, and resulting in 15th position on the grid. Although starting well, he momentarily went off the track at turn 1 to avoid being involved in contact that had already erupted. Webber made several positions by turn 3 but an incident involving himself,

text: Kazuki Nakajima

text: and

text: Anthony Davidson

text: when he was slightly contacted by Davidson whilst trying to avoid the struggle between the other two drivers, ended his race.

text: The chimney (smokestack or stack in American and Canadian English) is the part of a steam locomotive through which smoke leaves the boiler. Steam locomotive exhaust systems typically vent cylinder exhaust through the chimney to enhance draught through the boiler. Chimneys are designed to carry exhaust steam and smoke clear of the driver's line of sight while remaining short enough to clear overhead structures. Some chimneys included features to avoid dispersing sparks.

text: The chimney (smokestack or stack in

text: American

text: and

text: Canadian English

text: ) is the part of a

text: steam locomotive

text: through which

text: smoke

text: leaves the

text: boiler

text: Steam locomotive exhaust system

text: s typically vent cylinder exhaust through the chimney to enhance draught through the boiler. Chimneys are designed to carry exhaust

text: steam

text: and smoke clear of the driver's line of sight while remaining short enough to clear overhead structures. Some chimneys included features to avoid dispersing sparks.

text: Finally, to counter the rise in health-care costs, the government has installed two plans (in 2004 and 2006), which require most people to declare a referring doctor in order to be fully reimbursed for specialist visits, and which installed a mandatory co-payment of €1 (about US$1.35) for a doctor visit (limited to 50 € annually), 0.50 € (about US$0.77) for each prescribed medicine (also limited to 50 € annually) and a fee of €16–18 ($20–25) per day for hospital stays (considered to be the "hotel" part of the hospital stay; that is, an amount people would pay anyway for food, etc.) and for expensive procedures. Such declaration is not required for children below 16 years old (because they already benefit from another protection program), for foreigners without residence in France (who will get benefits depending on existing international agreements between their own national health care program and the French Social Security), or those benefiting from a health-care system of French overseas territories, and for those people that benefit from the minimum medical assistance.

text: 1964 The landmark Surgeon General's Report announced, "Cigarette smoking... is the single most avoidable cause of disease in our society and the most important public health issue of our time."

text: When the patient visits a doctor, the latter spends time with the former discussing his medical problems, including history and/or problems. The doctor performs a physical examination and may request various laboratory or diagnostic studies; will make a diagnosis or differential diagnoses, then decides on a plan of treatment for the patient, which is discussed and explained to the patient, with instructions provided. After the patient leaves the office, the doctor uses a voice-recording device to record the information about the patient encounter. This information may be recorded into a hand-held cassette recorder or into a regular telephone, dialed into a central server located in the hospital or transcription service office, which will 'hold' the report for the transcriptionist. This report is then accessed by a medical transcriptionist, it is clearly received as a voice file or cassette recording, who then listens to the dictation and transcribes it into the required format for the medical record, and of which this medical record is considered a legal document. The next time the patient visits the doctor, the doctor will call for the medical record or the patient's entire chart, which will contain all reports from previous encounters. The doctor can on occasion refill the patient's medications after seeing only the medical record, although doctors prefer to not refill prescriptions without seeing the patient to establish if anything has changed.

text: Tram engines usually had modifications to make them suitable for street running in residential areas. The wheels, and other moving parts of the machinery, were usually enclosed for safety reasons and to make the engines quieter. Measures were often taken to prevent the engines from emitting visible smoke or steam. Usually the engines used coke rather than coal as fuel to avoid emitting smoke; condensers or superheating were used to avoid emitting visible steam.

text: Tram engines usually had modifications to make them suitable for street running in residential areas. The wheels, and other moving parts of the machinery, were usually enclosed for safety reasons and to make the engines quieter. Measures were often taken to prevent the engines from emitting visible smoke or steam. Usually the engines used

text: coke

text: rather than coal as fuel to avoid emitting smoke;

text: condensers

text: or

text: superheating

text: were used to avoid emitting visible steam.

text: Before diving, pinnipeds typically exhale to empty their lungs of half the air and then close their nostrils and throat cartilages to protect the trachea. Their unique lungs have airways that are highly reinforced with cartilaginous rings and smooth muscle, and alveoli that completely deflate during deeper dives. While terrestrial mammals are generally unable to empty their lungs, pinnipeds can reinflate their lungs even after complete respiratory collapse. The middle ear contains sinuses that probably fill with blood during dives, preventing middle ear squeeze. The heart of a seal is moderately flattened to allow the lungs to deflate. The trachea is flexible enough to collapse under pressure. During deep dives, any remaining air in their bodies is stored in the bronchioles and trachea, which prevents them from experiencing decompression sickness, oxygen toxicity and nitrogen narcosis. In addition, seals can tolerate large amounts of lactic acid, which reduces skeletal muscle fatigue during intense physical activity.

text: Before diving, pinnipeds typically exhale to empty their lungs of half the air and then close their nostrils and throat cartilages to protect the

text: trachea

text: . Their unique lungs have airways that are highly reinforced with

text: cartilaginous rings

text: and

text: smooth muscle

text: , and

text: alveoli

text: that completely deflate during deeper dives. While terrestrial mammals are generally unable to empty their lungs, pinnipeds can reinflate their lungs even after complete respiratory collapse. The middle ear contains

text: sinuses

text: that probably fill with blood during dives, preventing

text: middle ear squeeze

text: . The heart of a seal is moderately flattened to allow the lungs to deflate. The trachea is flexible enough to collapse under pressure. During deep dives, any remaining air in their bodies is stored in the

text: bronchiole

text: s and trachea, which prevents them from experiencing

text: decompression sickness

text: oxygen toxicity

text: and

text: nitrogen narcosis

text: . In addition, seals can tolerate large amounts of

text: lactic acid

text: , which reduces skeletal muscle fatigue during intense physical activity.

text: Respiratory system

text: Respiratory system

text: The player must keep track of hunger, thirst, and fatigue temperature in addition to  Health; given as a percentage. This require the accomplishment of "every day" tasks such as eating, drinking, and sleeping, as well as hunting, cooking, gathering, and finding a place to rest.

text: CCRT, earlier known as Scottsdale Education Center, originated in December 1971 and was located in Phoenix, Arizona (AZ). As a vocational-technical school, the college offered multiple allied health and technical programs. A Respiratory Therapy Technician Program was initiated by the college in January 1974 and was continued till 1976, in Phoenix. Scottsdale Education Center became California College for Respiratory Therapy (CCRT) after moving to California, where it operated in San Diego from 1977 to 1980. The college then offered only a Respiratory Therapy Technician program. A distance education model of the Respiratory Therapy Program was launched by CCRT in 1978. In 1983 CCRT renamed itself as California College of Health Sciences (CCHS).

text: In his 2008 address to the houses of parliament apologising for the treatment of the Indigenous population, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd made a plea to the health services regarding the disparate treatment in health services. He noted the widening gap between the treatment of indigenous and non-indigenous Australians and committed the government to "closing the gap", admitting to past institutional racism in health services that shortened the life expectancy of the Aboriginal people. Committees that followed up on this outlined broad categories to redress the inequities in life expectancy, educational opportunities and employment. The Australian government also allocated funding to redress the past discrimination. Indigenous Australians visit their general practitioners (GPs) and are hospitalised for diabetes, circulatory disease, musculoskeletal conditions, respiratory and kidney disease, mental, ear and eye problems and behavioural problems yet are less likely than non-indigenous Australians to visit the GP, use a private doctor or apply for residence in an old age facility. Childhood mortality rates, the gap in education achievement levels and lack of employment opportunities were made goals that in a generation should halve the gap. A national "Close the Gap" day was announced for March of each year. In 2011 the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare reported that life expectancy had increased since 2008 by 11.5 years for women and 9.7 years for men along with a significant decrease in infant mortality but it still is 2.5 times higher than for the non-indigenous population. Much of the health woes of the indigenous can be traced to the availability of transport. In the remote communities, the report cited 71% of the population in these remote discrete indigenous communities lacked access to public transportation and 78% of the communities were more than 50 miles from the nearest hospital. Although English is the official language of Australia, many indigenous Australians do not speak it as a primary language and the lack of printed materials that are translated into the Aboriginal languages and the non-availability of translators form a barrier to adequate health care for the Aborigines. By 2015, most of the funding promised to achieve the goals of "closing the gap" had been cut and the national group monitoring the conditions of the indigenous population is not optimistic that the promises of 2008 will be kept. In 2012, the group complained that institutional racism and overt discrimination continue to be issues, and that in some sectors of government the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is treated as an aspirational, rather that a binding document.

text: In his 2008 address to the houses of parliament apologising for the treatment of the Indigenous population, Prime Minister

text: Kevin Rudd

text: made a plea to the health services regarding the disparate treatment in health services. He noted the widening gap between the treatment of indigenous and non-indigenous Australians and committed the government to "closing the gap", admitting to past institutional racism in health services that shortened the life expectancy of the Aboriginal people. Committees that followed up on this outlined broad categories to redress the inequities in life expectancy, educational opportunities and employment. The Australian government also allocated funding to redress the past discrimination. Indigenous Australians visit their

text: general practitioner

text: s (GPs) and are hospitalised for diabetes, circulatory disease, musculoskeletal conditions, respiratory and kidney disease, mental, ear and eye problems and behavioural problems yet are less likely than non-indigenous Australians to visit the GP, use a private doctor or apply for residence in an old age facility. Childhood mortality rates, the gap in education achievement levels and lack of employment opportunities were made goals that in a generation should halve the gap. A national "Close the Gap" day was announced for March of each year. In 2011 the

entity_name: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

text: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

text: reported that life expectancy had increased since 2008 by 11.5 years for women and 9.7 years for men along with a significant decrease in infant mortality but it still is 2.5 times higher than for the non-indigenous population. Much of the health woes of the indigenous can be traced to the availability of transport. In the remote communities, the report cited 71% of the population in these remote discrete indigenous communities lacked access to public transportation and 78% of the communities were more than 50 miles from the nearest hospital. Although English is the official language of Australia, many indigenous Australians do not speak it as a primary language and the lack of printed materials that are translated into the Aboriginal languages and the non-availability of translators form a barrier to adequate health care for the Aborigines. By 2015, most of the funding promised to achieve the goals of "closing the gap" had been cut and the national group monitoring the conditions of the indigenous population is not optimistic that the promises of 2008 will be kept. In 2012, the group complained that institutional racism and overt discrimination continue to be issues, and that in some sectors of government the

entity_name: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

text: UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

text: is treated as an aspirational, rather that a binding document.

text: While health professionals almost unanimously agree that if an individual is already getting 8 hours of sleep, then another half hour won’t make them lose weight; however, in cases where a person is used to getting 5 hours of sleep per night and they start getting 7–8 hours, it is common to see them start to shed pounds, especially in obese individuals. What causes this phenomenon? Two hormones, ghrelin and leptin, closely associated with appetite are key in the sleep and weight relationship. Ghrelin is the hormone that controls appetite and tells the body when to eat, and when one is sleep-deprived, they have more ghrelin. Leptin on the other hand, is the hormone that tells one to stop eating, and when an individuals is sleep deprived, they have less leptin. In order to keep these hormone levels in balance, a person needs to get adequate sleep so they do not feel the need to excessively eat in an effort to gain energy and reduce fatigue.

text: While health professionals almost unanimously agree that if an individual is already getting 8 hours of sleep, then another half hour won’t make them lose weight; however, in cases where a person is used to getting 5 hours of sleep per night and they start getting 7–8 hours, it is common to see them start to shed pounds, especially in obese individuals. What causes this phenomenon? Two

text: hormones

text: ghrelin

text: and

text: leptin

text: , closely associated with appetite are key in the sleep and weight relationship.

text: Ghrelin

text: is the hormone that controls appetite and tells the body when to eat, and when one is sleep-deprived, they have more ghrelin. Leptin on the other hand, is the hormone that tells one to stop eating, and when an individuals is sleep deprived, they have less leptin. In order to keep these hormone levels in balance, a person needs to get adequate sleep so they do not feel the need to excessively eat in an effort to gain

text: energy

text: and reduce

text: fatigue

text: This instability is illustrated in the right panel of the figure on the right. As the cantilever approaches, the slope of the force curve increases. When the slope becomes larger than the spring constant of the cantilever, the cantilever jumps into contact when the slope of the force curve exceeds the force constant of the cantilever. Upon retraction, the same phenomenon happens, but the point where the cantilever jumps out is reached at a smaller separation. Upon approach and retraction, the system will show a hysteresis. In such situations, a part of the force profile cannot be probed. However, this problem can be avoided by using a stiffer cantilever, albeit at the expense of an inferior force resolution.

text: This

text: instability

text: is illustrated in the right panel of the figure on the right. As the cantilever approaches, the slope of the force curve increases. When the slope becomes larger than the spring constant of the cantilever, the cantilever jumps into contact when the slope of the force curve exceeds the force constant of the cantilever. Upon retraction, the same phenomenon happens, but the point where the cantilever jumps out is reached at a smaller separation. Upon approach and retraction, the system will show a

text: hysteresis

text: . In such situations, a part of the force profile cannot be probed. However, this problem can be avoided by using a stiffer cantilever, albeit at the expense of an inferior force resolution.

text: A doctor's visit, also known as "physician office visit," is a meeting between a patient with a physician to get health advice or treatment for a symptom or condition. According to a survey in the United States, a physician typically sees between fifty and one hundred patients per week, but it may vary with medical specialty, but differs only little by community size such as metropolitan versus rural areas.

text: A doctor's visit, also known as "physician office visit," is a meeting between a

text: patient

text: with a

text: physician

text: to get

text: health

text: advice or treatment for a

text: symptom

text: or

text: condition

text: . According to a survey in the United States, a physician typically sees between fifty and one hundred patients per week, but it may vary with

text: medical specialty

text: , but differs only little by community size such as metropolitan versus rural areas.

text: Before the development of the Bruce Protocol there was no safe, standardized protocol that could be used to monitor cardiac function in exercising patients. Master's Two-Step Test was sometimes used, but it was too strenuous for many patients, and inadequate for the assessment of respiratory and circulatory function during varying amounts of exercise. Most physicians relied upon patients' complaints about exertion, and examined them only at rest.

text: Before the development of the

text: Bruce Protocol

text: there was no safe, standardized protocol that could be used to monitor cardiac function in exercising patients. Master's Two-Step Test was sometimes used, but it was too strenuous for many patients, and inadequate for the assessment of respiratory and circulatory function during varying amounts of exercise. Most physicians relied upon patients' complaints about exertion, and examined them only at rest.

text: In the same way that those who have OCD fears of contamination avoid anything that will "contaminate" them (i.e., doorknobs, puddles, shaking hands), those who are suffering from such sexual obsessions may feel an overpowering need to avoid all contact with anything that can cause them to have anxiety, or "spike". Such avoidance may include:

text: The CenTrak system is also utilized for tracking hand hygiene compliance in order to reduce health care-associated infections. When a staff member uses a hand-washing station, CenTrak's system logs the action and links it to the individual's unique identifier connected to their badge. If that employee approaches a patient without first sanitizing their hands, that incident is also recorded, which allows management to address any lapses in compliance. A CenTrak tag, attached to a refrigerator or freezer, can also monitor the temperature of medical supplies. The CenTrak system will issue an alert if the temperature fluctuates beyond the established safe threshold.

text: The CenTrak system is also utilized for tracking hand hygiene compliance in order to reduce

text: health care-associated infections

text: . When a staff member uses a hand-washing station, CenTrak's system logs the action and links it to the individual's unique identifier connected to their badge. If that employee approaches a patient without first sanitizing their hands, that incident is also recorded, which allows management to address any lapses in compliance. A CenTrak tag, attached to a refrigerator or freezer, can also monitor the temperature of medical supplies. The CenTrak system will issue an alert if the temperature fluctuates beyond the established safe threshold.

text: Smoking cessation can be achieved with or without assistance from healthcare professionals or the use of medications. Methods that have been found to be effective include interventions directed at or through health care providers and health care systems; medications including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and varenicline; individual and group counselling; and web-based or stand-alone computer programs.  Although stopping smoking can cause short-term side effects such as reversible weight gain, smoking cessation services and activities are cost-effective because of the positive health benefits.

text: Smoking cessation can be achieved with or without assistance from healthcare professionals or the use of medications. Methods that have been found to be effective include interventions directed at or through health care providers and health care systems; medications including

text: nicotine replacement therapy

text: (NRT) and

text: varenicline

text: ; individual and group counselling; and web-based or stand-alone computer programs.  Although stopping smoking can cause short-term side effects such as reversible weight gain, smoking cessation services and activities are cost-effective because of the positive health benefits.

text: The World Health Organization has "Five Moments" for washing hands

text: On May 14 the FL Department of Health in Orange County and Dr. P. Phillips Hospital, a part of Orlando Health System, announced the second US case of MERS Co V, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus, in a traveler and resident from Saudi Arabia who was visiting family in the Orlando area. The infection was contained with swift contact investigation and proper handling of health care workers and household contacts. Several other contact cases were also part of the investigation.. An MMWR was already published online and included an earlier case from Indiana and now a third case from Illinois.

text: In the beginning of the episode, Liz and Josh Girard (Lonny Ross) are exchanging Yo Mamma Jokes. According to Fey, Liz's joke, "What's the difference between your mama and a washing machine? When I drop a load in the washing machine, it doesn't follow me around for a week", was "pretty dirty", and was surprised that the show was able to get away with the joke. It has since been censored in syndication.

text: In the beginning of the episode, Liz and

text: Josh Girard

text: Lonny Ross

text: ) are exchanging

text: Yo Mamma Joke

text: s. According to Fey, Liz's joke, "What's the difference between your mama and a washing machine? When I drop a load in the washing machine, it doesn't follow me around for a week", was "pretty dirty", and was surprised that the show was able to get away with the joke. It has since been censored in syndication.

text: With this clue, Venkat and Divya go to the hospital where she remembers bits and pieces of incidents. She says that she has a mother and an identical twin sister Kavya (Eden). Kavya is sick with respiratory problems, that is the reason she was in the hospital. She makes Venkat visit her mother and he befriends her. One night, as Divya looks at her ailing sister in the hospital, she finds the doctor Rangarajan (Raviraj) sending out the nurses and injecting something into the IV bottle. She is suspicious and informs this to Venkat and his doctor Mathrubootham. With Meenakshi's help, Venkat steals Kavya's case file from the hospital on Mathrubootham's request to analyse it. Mathrubootham finds that the sedations given to Kavya are of heavy dosage and there is something fishy about this pattern of treatment. When they investigate further, Divya finds that Dr.Rangarajan is planning to steal Kavya's heart by making her brain dead and transplant it to a wealthy person for a huge sum of money. Venkat, Divya, Mathrubootham and Meenakshi try to stop this racket, but the doctor cleverly manipulates Divya's mother to agree for a surgery using Kavya's deteriorating health as bait. Meenakshi, Mathrubootham and Venkat are manhandled and locked up by goons when they try to prevent the surgery. So, Divya takes the matter into her hands and possesses Dr.Rangarajan as he is about to start the surgery. She makes him slit his own throat and commit suicide and the surgery is stopped. After a while, Kavya regains consciousness and Divya is at peace and she says she loves venkat and she leaves after a final adieu to all of them.

text: With this clue, Venkat and Divya go to the hospital where she remembers bits and pieces of incidents. She says that she has a mother and an identical twin sister Kavya (Eden). Kavya is sick with respiratory problems, that is the reason she was in the hospital. She makes Venkat visit her mother and he befriends her. One night, as Divya looks at her ailing sister in the hospital, she finds the doctor Rangarajan (

text: Raviraj

text: ) sending out the nurses and injecting something into the IV bottle. She is suspicious and informs this to Venkat and his doctor Mathrubootham. With Meenakshi's help, Venkat steals Kavya's case file from the hospital on Mathrubootham's request to analyse it. Mathrubootham finds that the sedations given to Kavya are of heavy dosage and there is something fishy about this pattern of treatment. When they investigate further, Divya finds that Dr.Rangarajan is planning to steal Kavya's heart by making her brain dead and transplant it to a wealthy person for a huge sum of money. Venkat, Divya, Mathrubootham and Meenakshi try to stop this racket, but the doctor cleverly manipulates Divya's mother to agree for a surgery using Kavya's deteriorating health as bait. Meenakshi, Mathrubootham and Venkat are manhandled and locked up by goons when they try to prevent the surgery. So, Divya takes the matter into her hands and possesses Dr.Rangarajan as he is about to start the surgery. She makes him slit his own throat and commit suicide and the surgery is stopped. After a while, Kavya regains consciousness and Divya is at peace and she says she loves venkat and she leaves after a final adieu to all of them.

text: All expenses for these visits were subsidized by the princess mother. If she happened to be on the trip with the medical team, she would help fill the prescriptions and provide advice to the sick. Those in critical condition would be sent to local hospitals. Later, she experimented with the system of radio consultation between doctors in the hospital and patients at health centres in remote areas, following the system used by the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. The project was well received, and within a few years the number of radio centres increased to 446 covering 25 provinces, with the centre of operations at Srapathum Palace. Over a million patients benefited from this service.

text: All expenses for these visits were subsidized by the princess mother. If she happened to be on the trip with the medical team, she would help fill the prescriptions and provide advice to the sick. Those in critical condition would be sent to local hospitals. Later, she experimented with the system of radio consultation between doctors in the hospital and patients at health centres in remote areas, following the system used by the

entity_name: Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia

text: Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia

text: . The project was well received, and within a few years the number of radio centres increased to 446 covering 25 provinces, with the centre of operations at

text: Srapathum Palace

text: . Over a million patients benefited from this service.

text: In 2010, environmental groups criticized the Ex-Im Bank Directors for approving $917 million worth of financing for the 3,960 megawatt coal-fired Sasan Ultra Mega Power Project in India after initially rejecting the project on climate change grounds. Environmental groups say that in reversing the decision the agency's Chairman, Fred Hochberg and Board of Directors "caved in" to political pressure from Wisconsin politicians. In 2011, several environmental groups protested at Export–Import Bank headquarters, unsuccessfully urging Chairman Hochberg and Board of Directors to reject $805 million in financing for the 4,800 megawatt Kusile coal-fired power plant in South Africa, which environmental groups say is the largest carbon emitting project in the agency's history, which will not alleviate poverty but will emit excessive local air pollution, which health experts say causes damage the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems and deaths resulting from heart disease, cancer, stroke, and chronic lower respiratory diseases.

text: In 2010, environmental groups criticized the Ex-Im Bank Directors for approving $917 million worth of financing for the 3,960 megawatt coal-fired

text: Sasan Ultra Mega Power Project

text: in India after initially rejecting the project on climate change grounds. Environmental groups say that in reversing the decision the agency's Chairman, Fred Hochberg and Board of Directors "caved in" to political pressure from Wisconsin politicians. In 2011, several environmental groups protested at Export–Import Bank headquarters, unsuccessfully urging Chairman Hochberg and Board of Directors to reject $805 million in financing for the 4,800 megawatt Kusile coal-fired power plant in

text: South Africa

text: , which environmental groups say is the largest carbon emitting project in the agency's history, which will not alleviate poverty but will emit excessive local air pollution, which health experts say causes damage the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems and deaths resulting from heart disease, cancer, stroke, and chronic lower respiratory diseases.

text: After John Cisna, a high school science teacher, lost 60 pounds while eating exclusively at McDonald's for 180 days, he said, "I'm not pushing McDonald's. I'm not pushing fast food. I'm pushing taking accountability and making the right choice for you individually... As a science teacher, I would never show Super Size Me because when I watched that, I never saw the educational value in that... I mean, a guy eats uncontrollable amounts of food, stops exercising, and the whole world is surprised he puts on weight? What I'm not proud about is probably 70 to 80 percent of my colleagues across the United States still show Super Size Me in their health class or their biology class. I don't get it."

text: It was founded on several principles, including yama (time) and niyama (self-regulation) and placed emphasis on routines and adherence to cycles, as seen in Nature. For example, it directs that habits should be regulated to coincide with the demands of the body rather than the whimsical mind or evolving and changing nature of human intelligence. Thus, for the follower of ayurvedic medicine, food should only be taken when they are instinctively hungry rather than at an arbitrarily set meal-time. Ayurveda also teaches that when a person is tired, it is not wise to eat food or drink, but to rest, as the body's fire is low and must gather energy in order to alight the enzymes that are required to digest food. The same principles of regulated living, called Dinacharya, direct that work is the justification for rest and in order to get sufficient sleep, one should subject the body to rigorous exercise.  Periodic fasting, or abstaining from all food and drink for short durations of one or two days helps regulate the elimination process and prevents illness. It is only in later years that practitioners of this system saw that people were not paying for their services, and in order to get their clients to pay, they introduced herbal remedies to begin with and later even started using metals and inorganic chemical compositions in the form of pills or potions to deal with symptoms.

text: An analeptic, in medicine, is a central nervous system stimulant.  The term analeptic typically refers to respiratory analeptics (for example, doxapram). Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants that include a wide variety of medications used to treat depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and respiratory depression. Analeptics can also be used as convulsants, with low doses causing  patients to experience heightened awareness, restlessness and rapid breathing.The primary medical use of these drugs is as an anesthetic recovery tool or to treat emergency respiratory depression.Other drugs of this category are prethcamide, pentylenetetrazole, and nikethamide. Nikethamide is now withdrawn due to risk of convulsions.  Analeptics have recently been used to better understand the treatment of a barbiturate overdose. Through the use of agents researchers were able to treat  obtundation and respiratory depression.

text: An analeptic, in

text: medicine

text: , is a

text: central nervous system

text: stimulant

text: .  The term analeptic typically refers to respiratory analeptics (for example,

text: doxapram

text: ). Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants that include a wide variety of medications used to treat depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (

entity_name: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

text: ADHD

text: ), and

text: respiratory depression

text: . Analeptics can also be used as

text: convulsants

text: , with low doses causing  patients to experience heightened awareness, restlessness and

text: rapid breathing

text: .The primary medical use of these drugs is as an

text: anesthetic

text: recovery tool or to treat emergency

text: respiratory depression

text: .Other drugs of this category are

text: prethcamide

text: pentylenetetrazole

text: , and

text: nikethamide

text: . Nikethamide is now withdrawn due to risk of convulsions.  Analeptics have recently been used to better understand the treatment of a

text: barbiturate

text: overdose. Through the use of agents researchers were able to treat

text: obtundation

text: and respiratory depression.

text: When it comes to network and machine security, access to IPAM data can make it far easier to detect potential breaches or abuse within your infrastructure. IPAM data include information such as the IP addresses in use, what devices each IP is assigned to, the time each was assigned and to whom each IP was assigned. This information can be helpful in identifying patterns that indicate security breaches or other abuses of your network. Of course, preventing or bringing to an end such security issues is of extreme importance in order to maintain data integrity and the health of your network and systems.

text: The magazine allows women an organized approach to keeping their lives on track and staying healthy. The Fitness section showcases how-to workouts with detailed moves so the reader can replicate the activities effectively. The fitness section also covers topics such as injury prevention, getting started with fitness, cardio, toning, and seasonal tips for working-out in certain conditions. The Sex & Love section covers topics including relationship advice, tips for better sex and an array of topics on women’s health. The Food section focuses on topics such as metabolism, organic foods, recipes, ways to boost energy and more. Weight Loss looks at a wide variety of topics that focus on anything from food to work-outs to sleep, in relation to losing weight. The Eat This! section, which teaches readers ways to substitute their current meals for healthy alternatives, is based on Rodale Inc.’s Eat This, Not That book series. This topic looks at the ingredients and nutritional values, so consumers can make healthy eating choices while. The Health section covers topics such as seasonal colds, women’s heart health, foods that benefit your health, energy boosting tips, eating disorders and more. The Beauty section covers topics such as skin health, hairstyles, make-up tips and affordable beauty products.

text: The magazine allows women an organized approach to keeping their lives on track and staying healthy. The Fitness section showcases how-to workouts with detailed moves so the reader can replicate the activities effectively. The fitness section also covers topics such as injury prevention, getting started with fitness, cardio, toning, and seasonal tips for working-out in certain conditions. The Sex & Love section covers topics including relationship advice, tips for better sex and an array of topics on

text: women’s health

text: . The Food section focuses on topics such as

text: metabolism

text: organic foods

text: recipes

text: , ways to boost energy and more.

text: Weight Loss

text: looks at a wide variety of topics that focus on anything from food to work-outs to

text: sleep

text: , in relation to losing weight. The Eat This! section, which teaches readers ways to substitute their current meals for healthy alternatives, is based on Rodale Inc.’s

text: Eat This, Not That

text: book series. This topic looks at the ingredients and

text: nutritional values

text: , so consumers can make

text: healthy eating

text: choices while. The Health section covers topics such as seasonal colds,

text: women’s heart health

text: , foods that benefit your health, energy boosting tips,

text: eating disorders

text: and more. The Beauty section covers topics such as skin health, hairstyles, make-up tips and affordable beauty products.

text: The first suspected case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was recorded in February, 2003. Hong Kong remained on the World Health Organization's list of affected areas until 23 June 2003. The city was gripped by fear of contagion and panic throughout the epidemic. Children stayed home, while schools were halted. Economic activities were greatly disrupted. Restaurants were empty, and tourism ground to a halt. The epidemic infected more than 1,700 people and claimed 299 lives.  As director general of the World Health Organization, Margaret Chan faced some tough issues.

text: The first suspected case of

text: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

text: (SARS) was recorded in February, 2003. Hong Kong remained on the

text: World Health Organization

text: 's list of affected areas until 23 June 2003. The city was gripped by fear of contagion and panic throughout the epidemic. Children stayed home, while schools were halted. Economic activities were greatly disrupted. Restaurants were empty, and tourism ground to a halt. The epidemic infected more than 1,700 people and claimed 299 lives.  As director general of the World Health Organization,

text: Margaret Chan

text: faced some tough issues.

text: Interval training uses different work and rest periods allowing the body to temporarily exceed the lactate threshold at a high intensity, and then recover (reduce blood-lactate). This type of training uses the ATP-PC and the lactic acid system whilst exercising, which provides the most energy when there are short bursts of high intensity exercise followed by a recovery period. Interval training can take the form of many different types of exercise and should closely replicate the movements found in the sport. Interval training can be adjusted to the individual, however it is important to consider the intensity of each interval, duration or distance of each interval, length of rest/recovery, number of repetitions, frequency of training and recovery type.

text: Interval training

text: uses different work and rest periods allowing the body to temporarily exceed the lactate threshold at a high intensity, and then recover (reduce blood-lactate). This type of training uses the ATP-PC and the lactic acid system whilst exercising, which provides the most energy when there are short bursts of high intensity exercise followed by a recovery period. Interval training can take the form of many different types of exercise and should closely replicate the movements found in the sport. Interval training can be adjusted to the individual, however it is important to consider the intensity of each interval, duration or distance of each interval, length of rest/recovery, number of repetitions, frequency of training and recovery type.

text: The program’s critical sanitation component supports hygiene behavioral change by promoting awareness of practices such as hand washing, installing hand washing stations in schools and building hygienic latrines in communities with existing EMW water systems. Providing better sanitation greatly augments the benefits of the water systems, because lack of sanitation increases the risk of disease, directly jeopardizing the health of the entire community.

text: In the scene where the Doctor and Rose meet the Queen's guards, the Doctor slips into a Scottish accent, which is actually actor David Tennant's native accent. Michelle Duncan and Jamie Sives were unable to attend the readthrough for this story, and their parts were read by Tennant's parents, who happened to be visiting the Doctor Who set. Tennant told reporters at the series' press launch, "Because it's set in Scotland they were delighted to be asked to read in. My mum played Lady Isobel and my dad played Captain Reynolds and they were in seventh heaven. And they were genuinely cheesed off when they didn't get asked to play the parts for real! I was like, 'Chill-out, Mum and Dad, back in your box!'"

text: In the scene where the Doctor and Rose meet the Queen's guards, the Doctor slips into a

text: Scottish accent

text: , which is actually actor David Tennant's native accent. Michelle Duncan and Jamie Sives were unable to attend the readthrough for this story, and their parts were read by Tennant's parents, who happened to be visiting the Doctor Who set. Tennant told reporters at the series' press launch, "Because it's set in Scotland they were delighted to be asked to read in. My mum played Lady Isobel and my dad played Captain Reynolds and they were in seventh heaven. And they were genuinely cheesed off when they didn't get asked to play the parts for real! I was like, 'Chill-out, Mum and Dad, back in your box!'"

text: Variants have been found in a number of domestic cats, leopards, and tigers in Thailand, with high lethality. "The Thailand Zoo tiger outbreak killed more than 140 tigers, causing health officials to make the decision to cull all the sick tigers in an effort to stop the zoo from becoming a reservoir for H5N1 influenza. A study of domestic cats showed H5N1 virus infection by ingestion of infected poultry and also by contact with other infected cats (Kuiken et al., 2004)." The initial OIE report reads: "the clinical manifestations began on 11 October 2004 with weakness, lethargy, respiratory distress, and high fever (about 41-42 degrees Celsius). There was no response to any antibiotic treatment. Death occurred within three days following the onset of clinical signs with severe pulmonary lesions."

text: Variants have been found in a number of domestic cats,

text: leopard

text: s, and

text: tiger

text: s in

text: Thailand

text: , with high lethality. "The Thailand Zoo tiger outbreak killed more than 140 tigers, causing health officials to make the decision to cull all the sick tigers in an effort to stop the zoo from becoming a reservoir for H5N1 influenza. A study of domestic cats showed H5N1 virus infection by ingestion of infected poultry and also by contact with other infected cats (Kuiken et al., 2004)." The initial

text: OIE

text: report reads: "the clinical manifestations began on 11 October 2004 with weakness, lethargy, respiratory distress, and high fever (about 41-42 degrees Celsius). There was no response to any antibiotic treatment. Death occurred within three days following the onset of clinical signs with severe pulmonary lesions."

text: Music seems to help the pain Seems to cultivate the brain. Doctor kindly tell your wife that I'm alive - flowers thrive - realize - realize Realize.

text: Much like Deadliest Warrior: The Game, Deadliest Warrior: Legends is a three-dimensional weapons-based fighting game with realistic damage. Each warrior is divided into three classes: the heavily armored champions, the aggressive berserkers, or the agile guerrillas. Each warrior has three different weapon categories: close range (one handed, e.g. sword), mid range (two handed, e.g. pole arm) and long range (limited projectiles, e.g. javelins). Most of the combat is the same as the previous game, but a few changes were made.  There is no longer a health bar, and the stamina, projectile count, and timer can be turned off entirely.  Guerrillas no longer have a slow acting poison for their secondary projectile weapon.  You can use the new push ability to kill your opponent by sending them down holes in some of the arenas, or to create distance between you and your opponent. A new ability called grappling replaces special weapons, where if your attack connects, you enter a mode similar to that of rock-paper-scissors. If the defending opponent matches the attacker's input, the attack is blocked, but if the defending opponent does not match the attacker's input, either a leg-break, arm-break, or execution is pulled of depending on the button chosen.

text: Much like Deadliest Warrior: The Game, Deadliest Warrior: Legends is a three-dimensional weapons-based fighting game with realistic damage. Each warrior is divided into three classes: the heavily armored champions, the aggressive berserkers, or the agile guerrillas. Each warrior has three different weapon categories: close range (one handed, e.g. sword), mid range (two handed, e.g. pole arm) and long range (limited projectiles, e.g. javelins). Most of the combat is the same as the previous game, but a few changes were made.  There is no longer a health bar, and the stamina, projectile count, and timer can be turned off entirely.  Guerrillas no longer have a slow acting poison for their secondary projectile weapon.  You can use the new push ability to kill your opponent by sending them down holes in some of the arenas, or to create distance between you and your opponent. A new ability called grappling replaces special weapons, where if your attack connects, you enter a mode similar to that of

text: rock-paper-scissors

text: . If the defending opponent matches the attacker's input, the attack is blocked, but if the defending opponent does not match the attacker's input, either a leg-break, arm-break, or execution is pulled of depending on the button chosen.

text: In the human respiratory system, eupnea or eupnoea is normal, good, unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing or resting respiratory rate. In eupnea, expiration employs only the elastic recoil of the lungs.

text: In the human

text: respiratory system

text: , eupnea or eupnoea is normal, good, unlabored

text: breathing

text: , sometimes known as quiet breathing or resting respiratory rate. In eupnea, expiration employs only the

text: elastic

text: recoil of the

text: lungs

text: Merriwell's classmates observed, "He never drinks. That's how he keeps himself in such fine condition all the time. He will not smoke, either, and he takes his exercise regularly. He is really a remarkable freshie."

text: Merriwell's classmates observed, "He never drinks. That's how he keeps himself in such fine condition all the time. He will not

text: smoke

text: , either, and he takes his exercise regularly. He is really a remarkable freshie."

text: Cracked or damaged neon tubes present potential health risks from contact with broken glass and exposure to mercury, a heavy metal contaminant, in gas form.  Though any mercury vapor, if present, will be in small amounts, steps should still be taken to avoid contamination. If a neon tube appears damaged, it should not be handled. If handling is required for removal, barrier gloves, such as nitrile, and protective covering, such an apron or smock, will help avoid potential contamination to personnel. Broken tubes should be stored separately from other collection items to avoid contamination, and clearly labeled with hazard labels. The broken tubes will require assessment from a professional conservator/neon specialist.

text: The true impact of the study is difficult to gauge, as smoking was not considered a public health problem in the 1950s, and the appreciation of the problem would only grow in the ensuing decades. Nevertheless, the British Doctors' Study was to provide conclusive evidence of linkage between smoking and lung cancer, myocardial infarction, respiratory disease and other smoking-related illnesses.

text: Aerial spraying of glyphosate herbicide, one of the most controversial methods of coca eradication, has taken place in Colombia exclusively because of that government's willingness to cooperate with the United States in the militarized eradication of coca after signing Plan Colombia in 2000. In fact, Colombia is the only country in the world that permits aerial-spraying of drug producing crops. In many cases the spraying is carried out by American contractors, such as DynCorp, using planes and helicopters to spray glyphosate on coca plantations. Aerial spraying has been repeatedly condemned by human rights and environmental activists because of its effect on human populations and local soil and water systems.  In December 2000, Dutch journalist Marjon van Royen found that "because the chemical is sprayed in Colombia from planes on inhabited areas, there have been consistent health complaints [in humans]. Burning eyes, dizziness and respiratory problems being most frequently reported." In some areas, 80 percent of the children of the indigenous community fell sick with skin rashes, fever, diarrhoea and eye infections. Because the glyphosate is sprayed from the air, there is a much higher chance of human error when spraying suspected illegal coca plantations. In many cases the wrong fields are sprayed, resulting in not only a total loss of the farmer's crop- but the loss of that field altogether as nothing will grow where the herbicide has been sprayed. Though official documentation of the health effects of glyphosate spraying in Colombia are virtually non-existent, neighbouring Ecuador has conducted studies to determine the cause of mysterious illnesses amongst people living along the border of Colombia and has since demanded that no aerial sprayings occur within 10 km of the border because of the damages caused to the people, animals and environment in that area.

text: Aerial spraying of glyphosate herbicide, one of the most controversial methods of coca eradication, has taken place in Colombia exclusively because of that government's willingness to cooperate with the United States in the militarized eradication of coca after signing

text: Plan Colombia

text: in 2000. In fact, Colombia is the only country in the world that permits aerial-spraying of drug producing crops. In many cases the spraying is carried out by American contractors, such as

text: DynCorp

text: , using planes and helicopters to spray glyphosate on coca plantations. Aerial spraying has been repeatedly condemned by human rights and environmental activists because of its effect on human populations and local soil and water systems.  In December 2000, Dutch journalist

text: Marjon van Royen

text: found that "because the chemical is sprayed in Colombia from planes on inhabited areas, there have been consistent health complaints [in humans]. Burning eyes, dizziness and respiratory problems being most frequently reported." In some areas, 80 percent of the children of the indigenous community fell sick with skin rashes, fever, diarrhoea and eye infections. Because the glyphosate is sprayed from the air, there is a much higher chance of human error when spraying suspected illegal coca plantations. In many cases the wrong fields are sprayed, resulting in not only a total loss of the farmer's crop- but the loss of that field altogether as nothing will grow where the herbicide has been sprayed. Though official documentation of the health effects of glyphosate spraying in Colombia are virtually non-existent, neighbouring Ecuador has conducted studies to determine the cause of mysterious illnesses amongst people living along the border of Colombia and has since demanded that no aerial sprayings occur within 10 km of the border because of the damages caused to the people, animals and environment in that area.

text: Carlo Urbani (; Castelplanio, Italy October 19, 1956 – Bangkok, Thailand March 29, 2003) was an Italian doctor and microbiologist and the first to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as a new and dangerously contagious viral disease. Although he himself became infected and died, his early warning to the World Health Organization (WHO) touched off a massive response that helped save the lives of millions of people around the world.

text: Carlo Urbani (;

text: Castelplanio

text: Italy

text: October 19, 1956 –

text: Bangkok

text: Thailand

text: March 29, 2003) was an

text: Italian

text: doctor and

text: microbiologist

text: and the first to identify

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) as a new and dangerously contagious viral disease. Although he himself became infected and died, his early warning to the

text: World Health Organization

text: (WHO) touched off a massive response that helped save the lives of millions of people around the world.

text: By preventing susceptible contacts from acquiring infection by directly inhibiting colonization. Close contacts are defined as those persons who could have had intimate contact with the patient’s oral secretions such as through kissing or sharing of food or drink. The importance of the carrier state in meningococcal disease is well known. In developed countries the disease transmission usually occurs in day care, schools and large gatherings where usually disease transmission could occur. Because the meningococcal organism is transmitted by respiratory droplets and is susceptible to drying, it has been postulated that close contact is necessary for transmission. Therefore, the disease transmission to other susceptible person cannot be prevented. Meningitis occurs sporadically throughout the year, and since the organism has no known reservoir outside of man, asymptomatic carriers are usually the source of transmission.

text: People can be exposed to silicon in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for silicon exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.

text: People can be exposed to silicon in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The

text: (OSHA) has set the legal limit (

text: Permissible exposure limit

text: ) for silicon exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The

text: (NIOSH) has set a

text: Recommended exposure limit

text: Reasonably effective ways to reduce the transmission of influenza include good personal health and hygiene habits such as:   not touching your eyes, nose or mouth;   frequent hand washing (with soap and water, or with alcohol-based hand rubs);   covering coughs and sneezes;   avoiding close contact with sick people;   and staying home yourself if you are sick.   Avoiding spitting is also recommended.

text: Reasonably effective ways to reduce the transmission of influenza include good personal health and hygiene habits such as:   not touching your eyes, nose or mouth;   frequent

text: hand washing

text: (with soap and water, or with alcohol-based hand rubs);   covering coughs and sneezes;   avoiding close contact with sick people;   and staying home yourself if you are sick.   Avoiding spitting is also recommended.

text: The sick animal should be kept in a cage by itself so that others do not catch the disease—wet tail can be very contagious so sanitize all objects the animal has come in contact with (wheel, food dish, huts, etc.).

text: Despite years of ill health, Quillen continued to smoke and avoid doctors. He died at a nursing home in Asheville, North Carolina in 1948 and was buried in Fountain Inn.  Not surprisingly, he had written and published his own obituary sixteen years earlier, which read in part, "He was a writer of paragraphs and short editorials. He always hoped to write something of permanent value, but the business of making a living took most of his time and he never got around to it. In his youth he felt an urge to reform the world, but during the latter years of his life he decided that he would be doing rather well if he kept himself out of jail."

text: Despite years of ill health, Quillen continued to smoke and avoid doctors. He died at a nursing home in

text: Asheville, North Carolina

text: in 1948 and was buried in Fountain Inn.  Not surprisingly, he had written and published his own obituary sixteen years earlier, which read in part, "He was a writer of paragraphs and short editorials. He always hoped to write something of permanent value, but the business of making a living took most of his time and he never got around to it. In his youth he felt an urge to reform the world, but during the latter years of his life he decided that he would be doing rather well if he kept himself out of jail."

text: The Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier is an energetic and playful dog.  It requires patience and consistent positive training. Harsh methods will often result in fear and/or aggression.  A positive, even-handed approach works best with this intelligent yet headstrong terrier.  It is an enthusiastic greeter, and will often jump up to lick a person's face, commonly referred to as the "Wheaten greetin".Wheatens are considered less scrappy than other terriers, but they are true terriers and will be more active than many other breeds. For this reason these dogs do best when they are exercised regularly. They are cool weather dogs and can become easily overheated in hot weather. If socialised with cats and puppies, they may get along fine with them; if not, care should be taken in introducing them to cats, as the breed has a very strong "prey drive" because of its vermin-hunting origin. Wheatens can get along well with other dogs if properly socialised.  They are extremely friendly and loving pets. Wheatens are very protective of their families and, although they may bark an alert at strangers, they rarely get aggressive. Many Wheaten owners thus say they make great watch dogs, but poor guard dogs. Wheatens are a great dog for kids and are generally friendly towards them.

text: The Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier is an energetic and playful dog.  It requires patience and consistent positive training. Harsh methods will often result in fear and/or aggression.  A positive, even-handed approach works best with this intelligent yet headstrong terrier.  It is an enthusiastic greeter, and will often jump up to lick a person's face, commonly referred to as the "Wheaten greetin".Wheatens are considered less scrappy than other terriers, but they are true terriers and will be more active than many other breeds. For this reason these dogs do best when they are exercised regularly. They are cool weather dogs and can become easily overheated in hot weather. If socialised with cats and puppies, they may get along fine with them; if not, care should be taken in introducing them to cats, as the breed has a very strong "

text: prey drive

text: " because of its vermin-hunting origin. Wheatens can get along well with other dogs if properly socialised.  They are extremely friendly and loving pets. Wheatens are very protective of their families and, although they may bark an alert at strangers, they rarely get aggressive. Many Wheaten owners thus say they make great watch dogs, but poor guard dogs. Wheatens are a great dog for kids and are generally friendly towards them.

text: Based on the experience of this project, the Ministry of Health began establishing demonstration sites for chronic disease prevention and control nationwide in 1997. There are currently 32 community-based sites and the major activities include community diagnosis, community mobilization, development of integrated community interventions (smoking control, healthy diet, physical activity, hypertension prevention, mental health, prevention and control of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory disease), training, and evaluations of interventions.

text: Used in health care, an ADT system is usually the foundation for other types of health care information systems because it holds valuable patient information such as a medical record number, age, name, and contact information. Using the ADT system, patient information can be shared, when appropriate, with other health care facilities and systems (McGonigle, D., & Mastrain, K., 2012). ADT systems can also be used as an alert system upon a patient's admission (Pittet, D., Safran, E., et al., 1996). This can be helpful if a patient has had a history of an infectious disease or heart ailments. When admitted, the ADT system may alert the admitting staff that the patient needs to be in an isolation room or on a cardiac floor, for example.

text: Used in health care, an ADT system is usually the foundation for other types of

text: health care information systems

text: because it holds valuable patient information such as a

text: medical record

text: number, age, name, and contact information. Using the ADT system, patient information can be shared,

text: when appropriate

text: , with other health care facilities and systems (McGonigle, D., & Mastrain, K., 2012). ADT systems can also be used as an alert system upon a patient's admission (Pittet, D., Safran, E., et al., 1996). This can be helpful if a patient has had a

text: history

text: of an infectious disease or heart ailments. When admitted, the ADT system may alert the admitting staff that the patient needs to be in an

text: isolation room

text: or on a cardiac floor, for example.

text: The service is based on the voluntary enrollment of families and costs 500 FCFA/child per month, or less than 1 euro. For this price, families are entitled to regular home visit by the health agents as well as free doctor consultations and 50% reduction on medications. Pesinet agents visit families several times each month to examine children, collect key data (weight, cough, fever, diarrhea…) and enter it in an application on a mobile phone. The data collected by the agents is transmitted in real time to a database accessible by the doctors at the closest health center. Doctors at the health center read that data and summon children at risk through the responsible health agent. A survey of families enrolled in the program found that 94% of subscribers were satisfied with the service and 97% of them found it affordable.

text: The service is based on the voluntary enrollment of families and costs 500

text: FCFA

text: /child per month, or less than 1 euro. For this price, families are entitled to regular home visit by the health agents as well as free doctor consultations and 50% reduction on medications. Pesinet agents visit families several times each month to examine children, collect key data (weight, cough, fever, diarrhea…) and enter it in an application on a mobile phone. The data collected by the agents is transmitted in real time to a database accessible by the doctors at the closest health center. Doctors at the health center read that data and summon children at risk through the responsible health agent. A survey of families enrolled in the program found that 94% of subscribers were satisfied with the service and 97% of them found it affordable.

text: 2010 In March, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awarded Chicago $11.5 million as part of Communities Putting Prevention to Work – Chicago Tobacco Prevention Project. Respiratory Health Association oversees the project in collaboration with the Chicago Department of Public Health. The project aims to reduce the adult and yoth smoking rates and exposure to secondhand smoke across the city.

text: In electronics and electrical engineering, the term smoke test or power on test is used to refer to the first time a circuit under development is attached to power, which will sometimes produce actual smoke if a design or wiring mistake has been made. Most often, this smoke comes from burning resistors, which produce a unique smell. For certain circuits, overheating and burning due to circuitry that is still not properly operating can be avoided by slowly turning up the input voltage to the unit under test by using a variable autotransformer and watching the electric current consumption.

text: In

text: electronics

text: and

text: electrical engineering

text: , the term smoke test or power on test is used to refer to the first time a circuit under development is attached to power, which will sometimes produce actual smoke if a design or wiring mistake has been made. Most often, this smoke comes from burning

text: resistor

text: s, which produce a unique smell. For certain circuits, overheating and burning due to circuitry that is still not properly operating can be avoided by slowly turning up the input voltage to the unit under test by using a variable

text: autotransformer

text: and watching the

text: electric current

text: consumption.

text: The health effects of wildfire smoke exposure include exacerbation and development of respiratory illness such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma and tuberculosis; increased airway hyper-responsiveness; changes in levels of inflammatory mediators and coafulation factors; and respiratory tract infection.  It may also have intrauterine effects on fetal development, resulting in low birth weight newborns.  Because wildfire smoke travels and is often not isolated to a single geographic region, the health effects are widespread among populations.The suppression of wild fires also takes up a large amount of a country’s gross domestic product which directly affects the country’s economy.  In the United States, it was reported that approximately $6 million was spent between 2004-2008 to suppress wildfires in the country.

text: The health effects of wildfire smoke exposure include exacerbation and development of respiratory illness such as

text: asthma

text: and

text: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

text: ; increased risk of

text: lung cancer

text: mesothelioma

text: and

text: tuberculosis

text: ; increased airway hyper-responsiveness; changes in levels of inflammatory mediators and coafulation factors; and

text: respiratory tract infection

text: .  It may also have intrauterine effects on fetal development, resulting in

text: low birth weight

text: newborns.  Because wildfire smoke travels and is often not isolated to a single geographic region, the health effects are widespread among populations.The suppression of wild fires also takes up a large amount of a country’s

text: gross domestic product

text: which directly affects the country’s economy.  In the United States, it was reported that approximately $6 million was spent between 2004-2008 to suppress wildfires in the country.

text: Infants and children with avoidant attachment tend to show no preference between their caregivers and the stranger. They do not actively seek much comfort of contact from their parents and usually tend to avoid them. In adulthood, those with avoidant attachment have difficulty maintaining relationships due to the inability to display emotions. They are more likely to engage in casual sex and think about other people or things while they are having sex. Finally, they are not likely to be supportive when other people are in stressful situations and have an inability to look at ideas in another person’s perspective.

text: Global alert is used as the global radio-communications network during times of international crises or threats to international security. Global Alerts are also issued by agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), when there is a perceived threat of international pandemic, (global epidemic), such as the threat of a SARS, (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), pandemic during March 2003, due to its high contagion level which was rapidly spread by travelers sharing international flights. The global alert released by the World Health Organization regarding the SARS outbreak and its rapid contagion saved many lives: The alert about the disease, precautionary measures, and preventive measures to be taken by individuals, including specific hygiene information needed to arrest the spread of SARS was communicated instantly throughout the world.

text: Global alert is used as the global

text: radio

text: communications

text: network

text: during times of international crises or threats to international security. Global Alerts are also issued by agencies such as the

text: World Health Organization

text: (WHO), when there is a perceived threat of international

text: pandemic

text: , (global

text: epidemic

text: ), such as the threat of a

text: SARS

text: , (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), pandemic during March 2003, due to its high contagion level which was rapidly spread by travelers sharing international flights. The global alert released by the World Health Organization regarding the SARS outbreak and its rapid contagion saved many lives: The alert about the disease, precautionary measures, and preventive measures to be taken by individuals, including specific hygiene information needed to arrest the spread of SARS was communicated instantly throughout the world.

text: Hand hygiene is defined as hand washing or washing hands and nails with soap and water or using a waterless hand sanitizer.

text: Hand hygiene is defined as

text: hand washing

text: or washing hands and nails with soap and water or using a

text: waterless hand sanitizer

text: The Environmental Protection Agency has determined that exposure levels from eating crops treated with Naled are below the level of concern.<ref name='EPA facts'/> With higher exposures, however, naled can cause cholinesterase inhibition in humans, which in turn can overstimulate the nervous system causing nausea, dizziness, confusion, and at very high exposures, respiratory paralysis and death.<ref name='EPA facts'/> It has the UN hazard classification of 6.1 (inhalation hazard) and is prohibited for use as an insecticide within the EU.

text: The

text: Environmental Protection Agency

text: has determined that exposure levels from eating crops treated with Naled are below the level of concern.<ref name='EPA facts'/> With higher exposures, however, naled can cause

text: cholinesterase

text: inhibition in humans, which in turn can overstimulate the nervous system causing nausea, dizziness, confusion, and at very high exposures, respiratory paralysis and death.<ref name='EPA facts'/> It has the

text: UN hazard classification

text: of 6.1 (inhalation hazard) and is prohibited for use as an insecticide within the

text: EU

text: The avian respiratory system is not in direct contact with the osmoregulatory system. However, the respiratory tract participates in osmoregulation through evaporative water loss. Since common ravens are endothermic and have high rates of ventilation, respiratory water loss is inevitable.

text: Lower respiratory tract infections place a considerable strain on the health budget and are generally more serious than upper respiratory infections.

text: An automatic approach to making human face models is proposed. It is a separate system with the input in the form of a range of data sets and a colour image of a human face. These two sources are processed individually to derive the information necessary to automatically synthesize a lifelike facial model. The information obtained from the facial range data set includes the anatomical sites of features and the geometrical data of the face. The information extracted from the facial colour image is the boundaries of facial features and the attributes of facial textures. These two sources are integrated to produce a volumetric facial model. The range imaging system contains benefits such as having problems become avoided through contact measurement. This would be easier to keep and is much safer. Other advantages also include how it is needless to calibrate when measuring an object of similarity, and also that the machine would be appropriate for facial range data measurement.

text: On December 23, 2011, a rebroadcast of the episode "Party It Up", in which a female character complimented CeCe and Rocky, with the line "I could just eat you guys up...well, if I ate", aired on the channel that evening. Former Disney Channel star Demi Lovato, who left Sonny with a Chance in the fall of 2010 for counseling because of personal issues, commented on the episode, criticizing the network through Twitter for including a joke about eating disorders when she had struggled through the issue herself, and as one of the reasons for leaving the company's fold. Disney Channel's public relations account responded to Lovato by stating that that episode and an episode of So Random! which had an eating disorder joke would be pulled from the network's airing cycle and reviewed further. Later in 2012, the episode started airing regularly on Disney Channel with the joke removed.

text: On December 23, 2011, a rebroadcast of the episode "Party It Up", in which a female character complimented CeCe and Rocky, with the line "I could just eat you guys up...well, if I ate", aired on the channel that evening. Former Disney Channel star

text: Demi Lovato

text: , who left

text: Sonny with a Chance

text: in the fall of 2010 for counseling because of personal issues, commented on the episode, criticizing the network through

text: Twitter

text: for including a joke about

text: eating disorders

text: when she had struggled through the issue herself, and as one of the reasons for leaving the company's fold. Disney Channel's

text: public relations

text: account responded to Lovato by stating that that episode and an episode of

text: So Random!

text: which had an eating disorder joke would be pulled from the network's airing cycle and reviewed further. Later in 2012, the episode started airing regularly on Disney Channel with the joke removed.

text: When the regulatory systems of myosin phosphatase begin to fail, there can be major health consequences.  Since smooth muscle is found in the respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive systems of humans (as well as other places), if the smooth muscle can no longer relax because of faulty regulation, then a wide number of problems ranging from asthma, hypertension, and erectile dysfunction can result.

text: When the regulatory systems of myosin phosphatase begin to fail, there can be major health consequences.  Since smooth muscle is found in the respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive systems of humans (as well as other places), if the smooth muscle can no longer relax because of faulty regulation, then a wide number of problems ranging from

text: asthma

text: hypertension

text: , and

text: erectile dysfunction

text: can result.

text: Among the factors contributing to contracting HAP are mechanical ventilation (ventilator-associated pneumonia), old age, decreased filtration of inspired air, intrinsic respiratory, neurologic, or other disease states that result in respiratory tract obstruction, trauma, (abdominal) surgery, medications, diminished lung volumes, or decreased clearance of secretions may diminish the defenses of the lung.  Also, poor hand-washing and inadequate disinfection of respiratory devices cause cross-infection and are important factors.

text: Among the factors contributing to contracting HAP are

text: mechanical ventilation

text: ventilator-associated pneumonia

text: ), old age, decreased filtration of inspired air, intrinsic respiratory, neurologic, or other disease states that result in respiratory tract obstruction, trauma, (abdominal) surgery, medications, diminished

text: lung volumes

text: , or decreased clearance of secretions may diminish the defenses of the lung.  Also, poor hand-washing and inadequate disinfection of respiratory devices cause

text: cross-infection

text: and are important factors.

text: Participants smoked openly and without fear. No fines were issued for consumption in public. Patrol vehicles drove by the scene a few times but did not stop. Prior to the event, police urged residents to avoid calling 9-1-1 to report public consumption, which they did not consider an emergency.

text: Participants smoked openly and without fear. No fines were issued for consumption in public. Patrol vehicles drove by the scene a few times but did not stop. Prior to the event, police urged residents to avoid calling

text: to report public consumption, which they did not consider an emergency.

text: Too much cardiovascular exercise can directly affect muscle tissue if it is used excessively and without eating the correct food. The reason for this is because if the human body doesn't have sufficient energy stored in the form of glucose, then it will begin using energy from other sources, i.e. muscles. So for example, eating a little extra carbohydrates (which eventually transforms into glucose) will help the body to divert away from muscle tissue and extract energy from the glucose supplies. The time in which one eats is an important factor in ripping where cardiovascular training is concerned. Particular foods take a certain amount of time to extract the glucose in the digestive system. This means that there is limited amount of time to use the glucose before it gets stored as fat. Also there is a certain amount of time after cardiovascular exercise is being performed when the body's energy source runs out. This is when the process of muscle breakdown comes in to play also.

text: Too much cardiovascular exercise can directly affect muscle tissue if it is used excessively and without eating the correct food. The reason for this is because if the human body doesn't have sufficient energy stored in the form of

text: glucose

text: , then it will begin using energy from other sources, i.e. muscles. So for example, eating a little extra

text: carbohydrate

text: s (which eventually transforms into glucose) will help the body to divert away from muscle tissue and extract energy from the glucose supplies. The time in which one eats is an important factor in ripping where cardiovascular training is concerned. Particular foods take a certain amount of time to extract the glucose in the

text: digestive system

text: . This means that there is limited amount of time to use the glucose before it gets stored as fat. Also there is a certain amount of time after cardiovascular exercise is being performed when the body's energy source runs out. This is when the process of muscle breakdown comes in to play also.

text: Horses can become anxious or stressed if there are long periods of time between meals. They also do best when they are fed on a regular schedule; they are creatures of habit and easily upset by changes in routine.  When horses are in a herd, their behavior is hierarchical; the higher-ranked animals in the herd eat and drink first.  Low-status animals, who eat last, may not get enough food, and if there is little available feed, higher-ranking horses may keep lower-ranking ones from eating at all.  Therefore, unless a herd is on pasture that meets the nutritional needs of all individuals, it is important to either feed horses separately, or spread  feed out in separate areas to be sure all animals get roughly equal amounts of food to eat.  In some situations where horses are kept together, they may still be placed into separate herds, depending on nutritional needs; overweight horses are kept separate from thin horses so that rations may be adjusted accordingly.  Horses may also eat in undesirable ways, such as bolting their feed, or eating too fast.  This can lead to either choke or colic under some circumstances.

text: Horses can become anxious or stressed if there are long periods of time between meals. They also do best when they are fed on a regular schedule; they are creatures of habit and easily upset by changes in routine.  When horses are in a herd, their

text: behavior

text: is hierarchical; the higher-ranked animals in the herd eat and drink first.  Low-status animals, who eat last, may not get enough food, and if there is little available feed, higher-ranking horses may keep lower-ranking ones from eating at all.  Therefore, unless a herd is on pasture that meets the nutritional needs of all individuals, it is important to either feed horses separately, or spread  feed out in separate areas to be sure all animals get roughly equal amounts of food to eat.  In some situations where horses are kept together, they may still be placed into separate herds, depending on nutritional needs; overweight horses are kept separate from thin horses so that rations may be adjusted accordingly.  Horses may also eat in undesirable ways, such as

text: bolting

text: their feed, or eating too fast.  This can lead to either choke or colic under some circumstances.

text: Research shows that, if widely practiced, hand washing with soap could reduce diarrhea by almost fifty percent and respiratory infections by nearly twenty-five percent  Hand washing with soap also reduces the incidence of skin diseases, eye infections like trachoma and intestinal worms, especially ascariasis and trichuriasis.

text: Research shows that, if widely practiced,

text: hand washing with soap

text: could reduce diarrhea by almost fifty percent and respiratory infections by nearly twenty-five percent  Hand washing with soap also reduces the incidence of skin diseases, eye infections like trachoma and intestinal worms, especially ascariasis and trichuriasis.

text: In 2009, the District reported employing over 47 teachers with a starting salary of $30,000. The average teacher salary was $41,075 while the maximum salary is $88,000. In Pennsylvania, the average teacher salary for Pennsylvania's 124,100 public school teachers was $54,977 in 2008. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation. Additionally, Saint Clair Area School District teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, professional development reimbursement, income protection insurance, several paid personal days, and 10 sick days, life insurance and other benefits. According to State Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Public School Employees’ Retirement System Board, a 40-year educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary.

text: In 2009, the District reported employing over 47 teachers with a starting salary of $30,000. The average teacher salary was $41,075 while the maximum salary is $88,000. In Pennsylvania, the average teacher salary for Pennsylvania's 124,100 public school teachers was $54,977 in 2008. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation. Additionally, Saint Clair Area School District teachers receive a defined benefit

text: pension

text: health insurance

text: , professional development reimbursement, income protection insurance, several paid personal days, and 10 sick days, life insurance and other benefits. According to State Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Public School Employees’ Retirement System Board, a 40-year educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary.

text: At Jesus's trial Pilate asks the crowd if they would crucify Jesus, their king, and they declare: "We have no king but Caesar!" Pilate remembers the dream he had about the crowd and the unjust execution of Jesus. Pilate tells the crowd that, while Jesus should be imprisoned, he does not deserve to die. Pilate demands that the crowd give him a reason to condemn Jesus, and the crowd breaks into a pep rally-style cheer about how Jesus is a blasphemer and has defied Rome. After revealing Jesus as nothing more than a pathetic human being ("Behold the man!"), Pilate calls the crowd hypocrites, as he knows they hate Roman rule. He attempts to satisfy their bloodlust by having Jesus whipped, counting thirty-nine bloody strokes ("Trial Before Pilate, (Including The Thirty-Nine Lashes)"). Pilate, clearly disturbed by the whole ordeal, pleads with Jesus to defend himself; but Jesus says weakly that everything has been determined, by God, and Pilate cannot change it. The crowd still screams for Jesus to be crucified, and Pilate recalls his duty to keep the peace. He reluctantly agrees to crucify Jesus to keep the crowd from getting violent. Pilate then washes his hands of Jesus's death: "I wash my hands of your demolition! Die if you want to, you – innocent puppet...."

text: At Jesus's trial Pilate asks the crowd if they would crucify Jesus, their king, and they declare: "We have no king but Caesar!" Pilate remembers the dream he had about the crowd and the unjust execution of Jesus. Pilate tells the crowd that, while Jesus should be imprisoned, he does not deserve to die. Pilate demands that the crowd give him a reason to condemn Jesus, and the crowd breaks into a

text: pep rally

text: -style cheer about how Jesus is a blasphemer and has defied Rome. After revealing Jesus as nothing more than a pathetic human being ("Behold the man!"), Pilate calls the crowd hypocrites, as he knows they hate Roman rule. He attempts to satisfy their bloodlust by having Jesus

text: whipped

text: , counting thirty-nine bloody strokes ("Trial Before Pilate, (Including The Thirty-Nine Lashes)"). Pilate, clearly disturbed by the whole ordeal, pleads with Jesus to defend himself; but Jesus says weakly that everything has been determined, by God, and Pilate cannot change it. The crowd still screams for Jesus to be

text: crucified

text: , and Pilate recalls his duty to keep the peace. He reluctantly agrees to crucify Jesus to keep the crowd from getting violent. Pilate then washes his hands of Jesus's death: "I wash my hands of your demolition! Die if you want to, you – innocent puppet...."

text: The many variants of FGM are reflected in dozens of terms in countries where it is common. These often refer to purification. In the Bambara language, spoken mostly in Mali, FGM is known as bolokoli ("washing your hands") and in the Igbo language in eastern Nigeria as isa aru or iwu aru ("having your bath"). A common Arabic term for purification has the root t-h-r, used for male and female circumcision (tahur and tahara). It is also known in Arabic as khafḍ or khifaḍ.

text: The many variants of FGM are reflected in dozens of terms in countries where it is common. These often refer to purification. In the

text: Bambara language

text: , spoken mostly in Mali, FGM is known as bolokoli ("washing your hands") and in the

text: Igbo language

text: in eastern Nigeria as isa aru or iwu aru ("having your bath"). A common

text: Arabic

text: term for purification has the root t-h-r, used for male and female circumcision (tahur and tahara). It is also known in Arabic as khafḍ or khifaḍ.

text: A Pulmonary Scientist is a health care occupation in the field of diagnostic studies related specifically to pulmonary function, the term Respiratory Scientist may also refer to a Pulmonologist who holds a medical degree and a doctoral degree (MD-PhD).  Internationally pulmonary scientists have many different titles, such as: pulmonary function technologist, respiratory scientist, pulmonary scientist, cardiopulmonary specialist and in some places registered respiratory therapists are also used in the role of pulmonary scientists.  A physician in respiratory science is generally referred to as a physician in their title (i.e. Respiratory Physician-Scientist).

text: A Pulmonary Scientist is a

text: health care

text: occupation in the field of diagnostic studies related specifically to

text: pulmonary function

text: , the term Respiratory Scientist may also refer to a

text: Pulmonologist

text: who holds a

text: medical degree

text: and a

text: doctoral degree

text: MD-PhD

text: ).  Internationally pulmonary scientists have many different titles, such as: pulmonary function technologist, respiratory scientist, pulmonary scientist, cardiopulmonary specialist and in some places

text: registered respiratory therapist

text: s are also used in the role of pulmonary scientists.  A physician in respiratory science is generally referred to as a physician in their title (i.e. Respiratory Physician-Scientist).

text: A rapid response team (RRT), also known as a medical emergency team (MET) is a team of health care providers that responds to hospitalized patients with early signs of clinical deterioration on non-intensive care units to prevent respiratory or cardiac arrest. The health care providers are trained in early resuscitation interventions and advanced life support and often include a physician,  nurse, and respiratory therapist. The RRT, medical emergency team (MET), critical care outreach team (CCOT), and rover team are all different forms of the efferent component of the rapid response system. The team responds to calls placed by clinicians or families at the bedside who have detected deterioration.

text: A rapid response team (RRT), also known as a medical emergency team (MET) is a team of health care providers that responds to hospitalized patients with early signs of clinical deterioration on non-intensive care units to prevent

text: respiratory

text: or

text: cardiac arrest

text: . The health care providers are trained in early resuscitation interventions and advanced life support and often include a physician,

text: nurse

text: , and

text: respiratory therapist

text: . The RRT, medical emergency team (MET), critical care outreach team (CCOT), and rover team are all different forms of the efferent component of the

text: rapid response system

text: . The team responds to calls placed by clinicians or families at the bedside who have detected deterioration.

text: According to the Eyam hypothesis, sickness behavior, by promoting immobility and social disinterest, limits the direct contacts of individuals with their relatives. By reducing eating and drinking, it limits diarrhea and defecation, reducing environmental contamination. By reducing self-grooming and changing stance, gait and vocalization, it also signals poor health to kin. All in all, sickness behavior reduces the rate of further infection, a trait that is likely propagated by kin selection.

text: According to the Eyam hypothesis, sickness behavior, by promoting immobility and social disinterest, limits the direct contacts of individuals with their relatives. By reducing eating and drinking, it limits diarrhea and defecation, reducing environmental contamination. By reducing self-grooming and changing stance, gait and vocalization, it also signals poor health to kin. All in all, sickness behavior reduces the rate of further infection, a trait that is likely propagated by

text: kin selection

text: Syrian hamsters are used to model the human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2006-07, Syrian hamsters accounted for 19% of the total animal research participants in the United States.

text: Syrian hamsters

text: are used to model the human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2006-07, Syrian hamsters accounted for 19% of the total animal research participants in the United States.

text: Patients with MG should be educated regarding the fluctuating nature of their symptoms, including weakness and exercise-induced fatigue. Exercise participation should be encouraged with frequent rest. In people with generalized MG, some evidence indicates a partial home program including training in diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, and interval-based muscle therapy may improve respiratory muscle strength, chest wall mobility, respiratory pattern, and respiratory endurance.

text: Patients with MG should be educated regarding the fluctuating nature of their symptoms, including weakness and exercise-induced fatigue. Exercise participation should be encouraged with frequent rest. In people with generalized MG, some evidence indicates a partial home program including training in

text: diaphragmatic breathing

text: pursed lip breathing

text: , and interval-based muscle therapy may improve respiratory muscle strength, chest wall mobility, respiratory pattern, and respiratory endurance.

text: She is the owner of SuddenlyAmazingYou.com- a one stop online resource of information and products that promote and support health and fitness. She is the creator of The Suddenly Slim Waist System- a system which uses healthy eating, exercise and special waist slimming bands.

text: The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it. It originates from the bible passage in Matthew where Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the decision to crucify Jesus Christ, but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.

text: The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it. It originates from the bible passage in

text: Matthew

text: where

text: Pontius Pilate

text: washed his hands of the decision to crucify

text: Jesus Christ

text: , but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.

text:
INTERVIEWER: You don't feel that exploring the past is particularly relevant? I'm always trying to get clear in my mind how much of the past I need to consider when doing brief therapy.
ERICKSON: You know, I had one patient this last July who had four or five years of psychoanalysis and got nowhere with it. And someone who knows her said, "How much attention did you give to the past?" I said, "You know, I completely forgot about that." That patient is, I think, a reasonably cured person. It was a severe washing compulsion, as much as twenty hours a day. I didn't go in to the cause or the etiology; the only searching question I asked was "When you get in the shower to scrub yourself for hours, tell me, do you start at the top of your head, or the soles of your feet, or in the middle? Do you wash from the neck down, or do you start with your feet and wash up? Or do you start with your head and wash down?"
INTERVIEWER: Why did you ask that?
ERICKSON: So that she knew I was really interested.
INTERVIEWER: So that you could join her in this?

text: Once children shift into children of the street or children on the street, their vulnerabilities increase. They have decreased access to housing, education, parental or adult support and protection. In Cuidad Juarez, Mexico, where child welfare programs are severely lacking, children of the streets reportedly have no aspirations because their opportunities to reenter their communities as contributing members of societies are nonexistent. Street children in Latin America are more likely to have health-related issues due to drug and alcohol usage, living in polluted environments, fighting with other street children and police, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Street children are especially vulnerable and become victims of sexual exploitation.  Most street children spend their time in overcrowded, unsanitary areas which increases their risk of infection and disease. Many are exposed to hazardous working conditions that increase their likelihood of being attacked, mugged, and sexually harassed. In Honduras, one study revealed that 59% of street on the street children eat three meals a day, 33% eat two meals, 8% eat one meal. For children of the street, 6% eat three meals a day. The same study determined that the leading causes of death among street children are health-related; respiratory infections, skin ailments, physical trauma, and dental issues are among the most common health concerns that result in death when untreated for street children. Although these conditions and diseases are treatable, many street children do not have access to medical care.

text: Once children shift into children of the street or children on the street, their vulnerabilities increase. They have decreased access to housing, education, parental or adult support and protection. In

text: Cuidad Juarez

text: , Mexico, where child welfare programs are severely lacking, children of the streets reportedly have no aspirations because their opportunities to reenter their communities as contributing members of societies are nonexistent. Street children in Latin America are more likely to have health-related issues due to drug and alcohol usage, living in polluted environments, fighting with other street children and police, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Street children are especially vulnerable and become victims of sexual exploitation.  Most street children spend their time in overcrowded, unsanitary areas which increases their risk of infection and disease. Many are exposed to hazardous working conditions that increase their likelihood of being attacked, mugged, and sexually harassed. In Honduras, one study revealed that 59% of street on the street children eat three meals a day, 33% eat two meals, 8% eat one meal. For children of the street, 6% eat three meals a day. The same study determined that the leading causes of death among street children are health-related; respiratory infections, skin ailments, physical trauma, and dental issues are among the most common health concerns that result in death when untreated for street children. Although these conditions and diseases are treatable, many street children do not have access to medical care.

text: On November 16, 2002, an outbreak of what is believed to be severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), began in the Guangdong province of China, which borders on Hong Kong. The first case of infection was speculated to be a farmer in Foshan County. The People's Republic of China (PRC) notified the World Health Organization (WHO) about this outbreak on February 10, reporting 305 cases (including 105 health-care workers) and 5 deaths; it was later reported that the outbreak in Guangdong had peaked in mid-February, but that appears to be false, as later 806 infections and 34 deaths were reported.

text: On November 16, 2002, an outbreak of what is believed to be

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS), began in the

text: Guangdong

text: province of China, which borders on Hong Kong. The first case of infection was speculated to be a farmer in

text: Foshan County

text: . The

text: People's Republic of China (PRC)

text: notified the

text: World Health Organization

text: (WHO) about this outbreak on February 10, reporting 305 cases (including 105 health-care workers) and 5 deaths; it was later reported that the outbreak in Guangdong had peaked in mid-February, but that appears to be false, as later 806 infections and 34 deaths were reported.

text: Select a musician (Farin Urlaub=light, Rodrigo González=medium, Bela B.=difficulty) then right-click and the musician attacks the doctors with his instrument (Farin with his guitar, Rod with his bass, Bela with his drum sticks). At the end you stand in front of the door to your room and the score is shown on the door.

text: Many patients with ATBF who live in areas with a high number of infections (Africa and the West Indies) do not visit a doctor, as most patients only have mild symptoms. This disease can, however, cause more serious symptoms in travelers who have never been exposed to the Rickettsia africae bacterium before and are not immune. Travelers who present to a doctor after a trip to affected areas can be hard to diagnose, as many tropical diseases cause a fever similar to that of ATBF. Other diseases that may look similar are malaria, dengue fever, tuberculosis, acute HIV and respiratory infections. In addition to questions about symptoms, doctors will ask patients for an accurate travel history and whether he/she was near animals or ticks. Microbiological tests are available for doctors, but are expensive and often must be done by special laboratories.

text: Many patients with ATBF who live in areas with a high number of infections (Africa and the West Indies) do not visit a doctor, as most patients only have mild symptoms. This disease can, however, cause more serious symptoms in travelers who have never been exposed to the Rickettsia africae bacterium before and are not

text: immune

text: . Travelers who present to a doctor after a trip to affected areas can be hard to diagnose, as many

text: tropical disease

text: s cause a fever similar to that of ATBF. Other diseases that may look similar are malaria, dengue fever, tuberculosis, acute HIV and respiratory infections. In addition to questions about symptoms, doctors will ask patients for an accurate travel history and whether he/she was near animals or ticks. Microbiological tests are available for doctors, but are expensive and often must be done by special laboratories.

text: Respiratory adaptation is the specific changes that the respiratory system undergoes in response to the demands of physical exertion. Intense physical exertion, such as that involved in fitness training, places elevated demands on the respiratory system. Over time, this results in respiratory changes as the system adapts to these requirements. These changes ultimately result in an increased exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which is accompanied by an increase in metabolism. Respiratory adaptation is a physiological determinant of peak endurance performance, and in elite athletes, the pulmonary system is often a limiting factor to exercise under certain conditions.

text: Respiratory adaptation is the specific changes that the

text: respiratory system

text: undergoes in response to the demands of

text: physical exertion

text: . Intense physical exertion, such as that involved in

text: fitness training

text: , places elevated demands on the respiratory system. Over time, this results in respiratory changes as the system adapts to these requirements. These changes ultimately result in an increased exchange of

text: oxygen

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: , which is accompanied by an increase in

text: metabolism

text: . Respiratory adaptation is a physiological determinant of peak endurance performance, and in elite athletes, the pulmonary system is often a limiting factor to exercise under certain conditions.

text: Nowadays the situation has changed and health care system in Kosovo is organized in three sectors including, primary, secondary and tertiary health care.Primary health care in Prishtina is organized in thirteen Family Medicine Centers and fifteen Ambulantory Care Units. Secondary health care is decentralized in seven Regional Hospitals. Though Prishtina does not have any Regional Hospital and instead uses University Clinical Center of Kosovo for  health care services. University Clinical Center of Kosovo provides its health care services in twelve clinics, where 642 doctors are employed. At a lower level, home services are provided for several vulnerable groups which are not able to reach health care premises. Kosovo health care services are now focused on patient’s safety, quality control and assisted health.

text: Nowadays the situation has changed and

text: health care

text: system in

text: Kosovo

text: is organized in three sectors including,

text: primary

text: Prishtina

text: is organized in thirteen Family Medicine Centers and fifteen Ambulantory Care Units. Secondary health care is

text: decentralized

text: in seven Regional Hospitals. Though

text: Prishtina

text: does not have any Regional Hospital and instead uses University Clinical Center of

text: Kosovo

text: for

text: health care services

text: . University Clinical Center of Kosovo provides its health care services in twelve clinics, where 642

text: doctors

text: are employed. At a lower level, home services are provided for several vulnerable groups which are not able to reach

text: health care

text: premises. Kosovo health care services are now focused on

text: patient’s safety

text: quality control

text: and assisted health.

text: Wash your hands on a regular basis and use a cotton swab dipped in warm water and sea salt solution to remove any crust from the piercing and to keep clean from any infection. You will want to repeat these steps 3-5 times a day for the next 2-3 weeks. It is best if you sleep that has a hole for better comfort for your piercing.

text: Additionally, it has been used in health care setting increase the incidence of hand washing, and improving care for patients immediately after a heart attack.

text: For many years, the Lederers lived in Chicago, where they owned a large, well-furnished apartment. Lederer often said that she exercised regularly by walking the length of her apartment several times a day.

text: For many years, the Lederers lived in

text: Chicago

text: , where they owned a large, well-furnished apartment. Lederer often said that she exercised regularly by walking the length of her apartment several times a day.

text: Risk factors are similar to those for cognitive impairment following critical illness, and include severe sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, trauma, hypoglycemia, and hypoxemia. Like ICU-acquired weakness, long-term immobility and deep sedation have been known to play an important part in the development of mental health problems seen in PICS. Sleep pattern disturbance, a common problem in the ICU, is also a likely culprit. Age under 50 years, female gender,  lower education level, pre-existing disability, alcohol abuse, pre-existing anxiety, depression, and PTSD are also risk factors for PICS-related mental health disorders.

text: Risk factors are similar to those for cognitive impairment following critical illness, and include severe

text: sepsis

text: acute respiratory distress syndrome

text: respiratory failure

text: trauma

text: hypoglycemia

text: , and

text: hypoxemia

text: . Like ICU-acquired weakness, long-term immobility and deep sedation have been known to play an important part in the development of mental health problems seen in PICS.

text: Sleep pattern disturbance

text: , a common problem in the ICU, is also a likely culprit. Age under 50 years, female gender,  lower education level, pre-existing disability, alcohol abuse, pre-existing anxiety, depression, and PTSD are also risk factors for PICS-related mental health disorders.

text: There are several ways bacteria avoid contact with phagocytes. First, they can grow in sites that phagocytes are not capable of traveling to (e.g., the surface of unbroken skin). Second, bacteria can suppress the inflammatory response; without this response to infection phagocytes cannot respond adequately. Third, some species of bacteria can inhibit the ability of phagocytes to travel to the site of infection by interfering with chemotaxis. Fourth, some bacteria can avoid contact with phagocytes by tricking the immune system into "thinking" that the bacteria are "self". Treponema pallidum—the bacterium that causes syphilis—hides from phagocytes by coating its surface with fibronectin, which is  produced naturally by the body and plays a crucial role in wound healing.

text: There are several ways bacteria avoid contact with phagocytes. First, they can grow in sites that phagocytes are not capable of traveling to (e.g., the surface of unbroken skin). Second, bacteria can suppress the

text: inflammatory response

text: ; without this response to infection phagocytes cannot respond adequately. Third, some species of bacteria can inhibit the ability of phagocytes to travel to the site of infection by interfering with chemotaxis. Fourth, some bacteria can avoid contact with phagocytes by tricking the immune system into "thinking" that the bacteria are "self".

text: Treponema pallidum

text: —the bacterium that causes

text: syphilis

text: —hides from phagocytes by coating its surface with

text: fibronectin

text: , which is  produced naturally by the body and plays a crucial role in

text: wound healing

text: Wash hands often with soap and water for 15–20 seconds, especially after: changing diapers, feeding a young child, wiping young child's nose or mouth, and or handling children's toys. Avoid contact with saliva when kissing a child.

text: When an unplanned pregnancy occurs women are faced with a tough choice, and are urged to write down thoughts, feelings, and fears about her pregnancy options to help with her decision. If the women decides to parent the child herself, her first step is to start prenatal care. This will ensure she and the baby stay in good health. Prenatal care is the care you receive from a health care provider, such as a doctor or midwife, during pregnancy. The first prenatal care visit the mother will have a full physical examination as well as a gynecological exam. The expecting mother should have a doctors visit every four to six weeks for the first 28 weeks (7 months). From week 28 to 36 the expecting mother should visit her doctor every two to three weeks. From week 36 to delivery the mother should visit the doctor every week.

text: The Tasmanian government published a warning poster  and a series of recommendations to health professionals on protective equipment, hand washing and sterilisation.

text: It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more. Furthermore, those who are allowed to wash their hands after such a contemplation are less likely to engage in other "cleansing" compensatory actions, such as volunteering.

text: The best products for use in cage bedding are aspen wood shavings.  Paper-pulp-based products are also available, as well as a variety of recycled products, though newspaper products may contain inks, dyes and other chemicals from the papermaking process. Cedar and pine, even kiln-dried, should not be used as they release aromatic oils that damage the respiratory system and can cause or exacerbate chronic respiratory disease. Recent research suggests that paper-pulp beddings may allow very high concentrations of ammonia to build up in cages, especially those with little ventilation. Small hideaways and toys (such as a cardboard tube) are good to have in the cage. Commercial toys are also available. Mice love to run on a wheel, which provides stimulation as well as exercise.

text: The best products for use in cage bedding are aspen wood shavings.  Paper-pulp-based products are also available, as well as a variety of recycled products, though newspaper products may contain inks, dyes and other chemicals from the papermaking process. Cedar and pine, even kiln-dried, should not be used as they release aromatic oils that damage the respiratory system and can cause or exacerbate chronic respiratory disease. Recent research suggests that paper-pulp beddings may allow very high concentrations of ammonia to build up in cages, especially those with little ventilation. Small hideaways and toys (such as a

text: cardboard

text: tube) are good to have in the cage. Commercial toys are also available. Mice love to run on a wheel, which provides stimulation as well as exercise.

text: This medication will be given intravenously for your heart disease. You will have continuously ECG monitoring during the infusion and 4 hours after your infusion. Some of the minor side effects are headache and irregular heartbeat. If you experience chest pain and respiratory difficulties, you should report to your doctors immediately.

text: In compliance with the educational and awareness-raising mission laid down in its statutes, the Society promotes cooperation with professional and specialist organizations with similar objectives, including the Deutsche Atemwegsliga e.V. (DAL), the Deutsche Lungenstiftung e.V. (DLS), the Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose e.V. (DZK, "German Central Committee against Tuberculosis") and the Bundesverband der Pneumologen ("Federal Association of Pneumologists"). The DGP is also the co-founder of initiatives such as the Deutscher Lungentag ("German Lung Day"), the Institut für Lungenforschung (ILF, "Institute for Lung Research") and the Aktionsbündnis Nichtrauchen e.V. (ABNR, the "Alliance for Non-smoking"). The DGP also successfully pushed for the creation of the Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL, "German Centre for Lung Research"), an association initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) that brings together scientists working in lung research in Germany inside and outside the universities. The DGP also organizes concerted actions to promote pulmonary research, strengthen the position of respiratory medicine in medical education and training and to lobby politicians and parties for e.g. the protection of non-smokers. The DGP maintains close relations with international organizations such as the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the Union Européenne des Médicins Spécialistes (UEMS), the American Lung Association, the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD, The Union). The DGP participates as an organization in projects of these bodies, and individual DGP members have fulfilled and continue to fulfil important functions, for instance the publication of the European Lung White Book of the ERS (2nd edition 2013) or the ERS HERMES programme (Harmonized Education in Respiratory Medicine for European Specialists).

text: In compliance with the educational and

text: awareness-raising mission

text: laid down in its statutes, the Society promotes cooperation with professional and specialist organizations with similar objectives, including the Deutsche Atemwegsliga e.V. (DAL), the Deutsche Lungenstiftung e.V. (DLS), the Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose e.V. (DZK, "German Central Committee against

text: Tuberculosis

text: ") and the Bundesverband der Pneumologen ("Federal Association of Pneumologists"). The DGP is also the co-founder of initiatives such as the Deutscher Lungentag ("German Lung Day"), the Institut für Lungenforschung (ILF, "Institute for Lung Research") and the Aktionsbündnis Nichtrauchen e.V. (ABNR, the "Alliance for

text: Non-smoking

text: "). The DGP also successfully pushed for the creation of the Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL, "German Centre for Lung Research"), an association initiated by the

text: Federal Ministry of Education and Research

text: (BMBF) that brings together scientists working in lung research in Germany inside and outside the universities. The DGP also organizes concerted actions to promote pulmonary research, strengthen the position of respiratory medicine in medical education and training and to

text: lobby politicians

text: and parties for e.g. the protection of non-smokers. The DGP maintains close relations with international organizations such as the

text: European Respiratory Society

text: (ERS), the Union Européenne des Médicins Spécialistes (UEMS), the

text: American Lung Association

text: , the

text: American Thoracic Society

text: (ATS), the

text: American College of Chest Physicians

text: (ACCP), the

text: British Thoracic Society

text: (BTS) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (

text: IUATLD

text: , The Union). The DGP participates as an organization in projects of these bodies, and individual DGP members have fulfilled and continue to fulfil important functions, for instance the publication of the European Lung

text: White Book

text: of the ERS (2nd edition 2013) or the ERS HERMES programme (Harmonized Education in Respiratory Medicine for European Specialists).

text: General health hazards associated with solvent exposure include toxicity to the nervous system, reproductive damage, liver and kidney damage, respiratory impairment, cancer, and dermatitis.

text: General health hazards associated with solvent exposure include toxicity to the nervous system, reproductive damage, liver and kidney damage, respiratory impairment, cancer, and

text: dermatitis

text: A doctor shopper will visit multiple health care providers as a "new patient" or "visiting from out of town," and will exaggerate or feign medical problems to obtain prescriptive medications or a wanted medical opinion, diagnosis or treatment with no specific material gain.

text: Adiponectin receptor agonists such as AdipoRon have attracted interest as potential therapies for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and a panoply of other conditions. In addition, adiponectin has recently been elucidated to mediate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neurogenic effects of physical exercise. Dysregulation of adiponectin expression has also been implicated in the pathology of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and various other neuropsychiatric disorders. Also, it has been determined that exercise improves insulin resistance via activation of AdipoR1. As such, adiponectin receptor agonists are a highly interesting therapeutic target for a variety of different conditions. Moreover, it has been suggested they could potentially be used as a substitute for exercise to achieve similar physical and mental health benefits.

text: Adiponectin receptor agonists such as AdipoRon have attracted interest as potential therapies for obesity,

text: diabetes

text: cardiovascular disease

text: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

text: , and a panoply of other conditions. In addition,

text: adiponectin

text: has recently been elucidated to mediate the

text: antidepressant

text: anxiolytic

text: , and

text: neurogenic

text: effects of

text: physical exercise

text: . Dysregulation of adiponectin expression has also been implicated in the

text: pathology

text: of

text: mood disorder

text: s,

text: anxiety disorder

text: s,

text: eating disorder

text: s,

text: neurodegenerative disorder

text: s, and various other

text: neuropsychiatric disorder

text: s. Also, it has been determined that exercise improves

text: insulin resistance

text: via activation of AdipoR1. As such, adiponectin receptor agonists are a highly interesting therapeutic target for a variety of different conditions. Moreover, it has been suggested they could potentially be used as a substitute for exercise to achieve similar physical and mental health benefits.

text: Clinically, the most serious and immediate complication is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which usually occurs within 24 h. Those with significant lower airway involvement may develop bacterial infection. Importantly, victims suffering body surface burn and smoke inhalation are the most susceptible. Thermal injury combined with inhalation injury compromises pulmonary function, producing microvascular hyperpermeability that leads to a significant increase in lung lymph flow and pulmonary edema. The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 left many people with impaired lung function. A study of firefighters and EMS workers enrolled in the FDNY WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, whose lung function was tested prior to 9/11, documented a steep decline in lung function in the first year after 9/11. A new study that includes a thousand additional workers shows that the declines have persisted over time. Prior to 9/11, 3% of firefighters had below-normal lung function, one year after 9/11 nearly 19% did, and six years later it stabilized at 13%. Ten to 14 days after acute exposure to some agents (e.g. ammonia, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, mercury), some patients develop bronchiolitis obliterans progressing to ARDS. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organized pneumonia can ensue when granulation tissue accumulates in the terminal airways and alveolar ducts during the body's reparative process. A minority of these patients develop late pulmonary fibrosis. Also at enhanced risk are persons with co-morbidities. Several studies report that both aged persons and smokers are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of inhalation injury.

text: Clinically, the most serious and immediate complication is

text: acute respiratory distress syndrome

text: (ARDS), which usually occurs within 24 h. Those with significant lower airway involvement may develop bacterial infection. Importantly, victims suffering body surface burn and smoke inhalation are the most susceptible. Thermal injury combined with inhalation injury compromises pulmonary function, producing microvascular hyperpermeability that leads to a significant increase in lung lymph flow and pulmonary edema. The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 left many people with impaired lung function. A study of firefighters and EMS workers enrolled in the FDNY WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, whose lung function was tested prior to 9/11, documented a steep decline in lung function in the first year after 9/11. A new study that includes a thousand additional workers shows that the declines have persisted over time. Prior to 9/11, 3% of firefighters had below-normal lung function, one year after 9/11 nearly 19% did, and six years later it stabilized at 13%. Ten to 14 days after acute exposure to some agents (e.g. ammonia, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, mercury), some patients develop

text: bronchiolitis obliterans

text: progressing to ARDS.

text: Bronchiolitis obliterans with organized pneumonia

text: can ensue when granulation tissue accumulates in the terminal airways and alveolar ducts during the body's reparative process. A minority of these patients develop late pulmonary fibrosis. Also at enhanced risk are persons with co-morbidities. Several studies report that both aged persons and smokers are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of inhalation injury.

text: Crossing the frontiers from one Zone to another is possible, but generally avoided as straying too close to the border leaves one feeling ill-at-ease and sometimes even physically sick. For those who need to move into another Zone, special shields are provided for protection against the debilitating effects of the foreign atmosphere (both physical and ideological).

text: Intake dose is the mass of the pollutant that crosses the contact boundary and is inhaled by the individual.    Some of this pollutant is exhaled, and the fraction that is absorbed by the respiratory system is known as the absorbed dose.  A portion of the pollutant may also be expelled by sneezing, coughing, spitting, or swallowing.  The remaining  pollutant that is transported through the liquid layer, making contact with the respiratory tract tissues is the fraction of bioavailability, called the effective dose.

text: Intake dose is the mass of the pollutant that crosses the contact boundary and is inhaled by the individual.    Some of this pollutant is exhaled, and the fraction that is absorbed by the respiratory system is known as the

text: absorbed dose

text: .  A portion of the pollutant may also be expelled by sneezing, coughing, spitting, or swallowing.  The remaining  pollutant that is transported through the liquid layer, making contact with the respiratory tract tissues is the fraction of

text: bioavailability

text: , called the effective dose.

text: Changes in volume of the thoracic cavity can also be inferred from displacements of the rib cage and diaphragm. Motion of the rib cage can be directly assessed, whereas the motion of the diaphragm is indirectly assessed as the outward movement of the anterolateral abdominal wall. However, accuracy issues arise when trying to assess accurate respiratory volumes from a single respiration band placed either at the thorax, abdomen or midline. Due to differences in posture and thoraco-abdominal respiratory synchronization it is not possible to obtain accurate respiratory volumes with a single band. Furthermore, the shape of the acquired waveform tends to be non-linear due to the non-exact co-ordination of the two respiratory compartments. This further limits quantification of many useful respiratory indices and limits utility to only respiration rates and other basic timing indices.  Therefore, to accurately perform volumetric respiratory measurements, a dual band respiratory sensor system must be required.

text: Changes in volume of the thoracic cavity can also be inferred from displacements of the rib cage and

text: diaphragm

text: . Motion of the rib cage can be directly assessed, whereas the motion of the diaphragm is indirectly assessed as the outward movement of the anterolateral abdominal wall. However, accuracy issues arise when trying to assess accurate respiratory volumes from a single respiration band placed either at the thorax, abdomen or midline. Due to differences in posture and thoraco-abdominal respiratory synchronization it is not possible to obtain accurate respiratory volumes with a single band. Furthermore, the shape of the acquired waveform tends to be non-linear due to the non-exact co-ordination of the two respiratory compartments. This further limits quantification of many useful respiratory indices and limits utility to only respiration rates and other basic timing indices.  Therefore, to accurately perform volumetric respiratory measurements, a dual band respiratory sensor system must be required.

text: Because of the strongly oxidizing properties of ozone, ozone is a primary irritant, affecting especially the eyes and respiratory systems and can be hazardous at even low concentrations. The Canadian Center for Occupation Safety and Health reports that:

text: If a person is suspected as having died from anthrax, precautions should be taken to avoid skin contact with the potentially contaminated body and fluids exuded through natural body openings. The body should be put in strict quarantine. A blood sample should then be collected and sealed in a container and analyzed in an approved laboratory to ascertain if anthrax is the cause of death. Then, the body should be incinerated. Microscopic visualization of the encapsulated bacilli, usually in very large numbers, in a blood smear stained with polychrome methylene blue (McFadyean stain) is fully diagnostic, though culture of the organism is still the gold standard for diagnosis. Full isolation of the body is important to prevent possible contamination of others. Protective, impermeable clothing and equipment such as rubber gloves, rubber apron, and rubber boots with no perforations should be used when handling the body. No skin, especially if it has any wounds or scratches, should be exposed. Disposable personal protective equipment is preferable, but if not available, decontamination can be achieved by autoclaving. Disposable personal protective equipment and filters should be autoclaved, and/or burned and buried. B. anthracis bacillii range from 0.5–5.0 μm in size. Anyone working with anthrax in a suspected or confirmed person should wear respiratory equipment capable of filtering this size of particle or smaller. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – and Mine Safety and Health Administration-approved high-efficiency respirator, such as a half-face disposable respirator with a high-efficiency particulate air filter, is recommended. All possibly contaminated bedding or clothing should be isolated in double plastic bags and treated as possible biohazard waste. The infected person should be sealed in an airtight body bag. Dead people who are opened and not burned provide an ideal source of anthrax spores. Cremating people is the preferred way of handling body disposal. No embalming or autopsy should be attempted without a fully equipped biohazard laboratory and trained, knowledgeable personnel.

text: If a person is suspected as having died from anthrax, precautions should be taken to avoid skin contact with the potentially contaminated body and fluids exuded through natural body openings. The body should be put in strict quarantine. A blood sample should then be collected and sealed in a container and analyzed in an approved laboratory to ascertain if anthrax is the cause of death. Then, the body should be incinerated. Microscopic visualization of the encapsulated bacilli, usually in very large numbers, in a blood smear stained with polychrome methylene blue (McFadyean stain) is fully diagnostic, though culture of the organism is still the gold standard for diagnosis. Full isolation of the body is important to prevent possible contamination of others. Protective, impermeable clothing and equipment such as

text: rubber glove

text: s, rubber apron, and rubber boots with no perforations should be used when handling the body. No skin, especially if it has any wounds or scratches, should be exposed. Disposable personal protective equipment is preferable, but if not available, decontamination can be achieved by autoclaving. Disposable personal protective equipment and filters should be autoclaved, and/or burned and buried. B. anthracis bacillii range from 0.5–5.0 μm in size. Anyone working with anthrax in a suspected or confirmed person should wear respiratory equipment capable of filtering this size of particle or smaller. The US

text: – and

text: Mine Safety and Health Administration

text: -approved high-efficiency respirator, such as a half-face disposable respirator with a high-efficiency particulate air filter, is recommended. All possibly contaminated bedding or clothing should be isolated in double plastic bags and treated as possible biohazard waste. The infected person should be sealed in an airtight body bag. Dead people who are opened and not burned provide an ideal source of anthrax spores. Cremating people is the preferred way of handling body disposal. No embalming or autopsy should be attempted without a fully equipped biohazard laboratory and trained, knowledgeable personnel.

text: Health: Serious sickness, cancer of the digestive system

text: Billing by doctors is complex and varies from province to province. In 1984, the Canada Health Act was passed, which prohibited extra billing by doctors on patients while at the same time billing the public insurance system. Each province may opt out, though none currently choose to. Most family doctors receive a fee per visit. These rates are negotiated between the provincial governments and the province's medical associations, usually on an annual basis.  A physician cannot charge a fee for a service that is higher than the negotiated rate — even to patients who are not covered by the publicly funded system — unless he or she opts out of billing the publicly funded system altogether.

text: Billing by doctors is complex and varies from province to province. In 1984, the

text: Canada Health Act

text: was passed, which prohibited extra billing by doctors on patients while at the same time billing the public insurance system. Each province may opt out, though none currently choose to. Most family doctors receive a fee per visit. These rates are negotiated between the provincial governments and the province's medical associations, usually on an annual basis.  A physician cannot charge a fee for a service that is higher than the negotiated rate — even to patients who are not covered by the publicly funded system — unless he or she opts out of billing the publicly funded system altogether.

text: The key pollutant for infant mortality rates is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that does great harm especially to infants because of their immature respiratory system.Another major pollutant is second-hand smoke, which is a pollutant that can have detrimental effects on a fetus. According to the American Journal of Public Health, "in 2006, more than 42 000 Americans died of second hand smoke-attributable diseases, including more than 41 000 adults and nearly 900 infants ... fully 36% of the infants who died of low birth weight caused by exposure to maternal smoking in utero were Blacks, as were 28% of those dying of respiratory distress syndrome, 25% dying of other respiratory conditions, and 24% dying of sudden infant death syndrome." The American Journal of Epidemiology also stated that "Compared with nonsmoking women having their first birth, women who smoked less than one pack of cigarettes per day had a 25% greater risk of mortality, and those who smoked one or more packs per day had a 56% greater risk. Among women having their second or higher birth, smokers experienced 30% greater mortality than nonsmokers."

text: The key pollutant for infant mortality rates is

text: carbon monoxide

text: . Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that does great harm especially to infants because of their immature respiratory system.Another major pollutant is second-hand smoke, which is a pollutant that can have detrimental effects on a fetus. According to the American Journal of Public Health, "in 2006, more than 42 000 Americans died of second hand smoke-attributable diseases, including more than 41 000 adults and nearly 900 infants ... fully 36% of the infants who died of low birth weight caused by exposure to maternal smoking in utero were Blacks, as were 28% of those dying of respiratory distress syndrome, 25% dying of other respiratory conditions, and 24% dying of sudden infant death syndrome." The American Journal of Epidemiology also stated that "Compared with nonsmoking women having their first birth, women who smoked less than one pack of cigarettes per day had a 25% greater risk of mortality, and those who smoked one or more packs per day had a 56% greater risk. Among women having their second or higher birth, smokers experienced 30% greater mortality than nonsmokers."

text: Today, this system is more or less intact. All citizens and legal foreign residents of France are covered by one of these mandatory programs, which continue to be funded by worker participation. However, since 1945, a number of major changes have been introduced. Firstly, the different health-care funds (there are five: General, Independent, Agricultural, Student, Public Servants) now all reimburse at the same rate. Secondly, since 2000, the government now provides health care to those who are not covered by a mandatory regime (those who have never worked and who are not students, meaning the very rich or the very poor). This regime, unlike the worker-financed ones, is financed via general taxation and reimburses at a higher rate than the profession-based system for those who cannot afford to make up the difference. Finally, to counter the rise in health-care costs, the government has installed two plans, (in 2004 and 2006), which require insured people to declare a referring doctor in order to be fully reimbursed for specialist visits, and which installed a mandatory co-pay of 1 € (about $1.45) for a doctor visit, 0,50 € (about 80¢) for each box of medicine prescribed, and a fee of 16–18 € ($20–25) per day for hospital stays and for expensive procedures.

text: Margherita is well connected with all the major towns and districts both by road and rail. Margherita has a railway station of its own and Tinsukia railway station is just 45 kilometres, about an hour's drive from the town. With Rajdhanis and other long-distance trains running from Tinsukia, Margherita is well connected to the rest of India. There are three local trains a day connecting Margherita to Dibrugarh (via Tinsukia). Margherita serves as a transit point to many parts of Arunachal Pradesh and buses ply regularly to and from Changlang, Miao and Jairampur. Tourists, while going to Arunachal, can get their passes from the office of A.P.S.T. Assam state transport corporation and a number of other private buses are also available from there. The nearest airport is in Dibrugarh, 96 km away.

text: Margherita is well connected with all the major towns and districts both by road and rail. Margherita has a railway station of its own and Tinsukia railway station is just 45 kilometres, about an hour's drive from the town. With Rajdhanis and other long-distance trains running from Tinsukia, Margherita is well connected to the rest of India. There are three local trains a day connecting Margherita to Dibrugarh (via Tinsukia). Margherita serves as a transit point to many parts of

text: Arunachal Pradesh

text: and buses ply regularly to and from

text: Changlang

text: Miao

text: and

text: Jairampur

text: . Tourists, while going to Arunachal, can get their passes from the office of A.P.S.T. Assam state transport corporation and a number of other private buses are also available from there. The nearest airport is in Dibrugarh, 96 km away.

text: The A4M believe that an "anti-aging transformation" can be produced by a combination of interventions, which include hormones, antioxidants, lifestyle modifications and exercise. A 2002 presentation produced by Klatz highlights many widely recommended interventions to maintain health in old age, such as staying slim, avoiding smoking, regular exercise, maintaining an active social and sex life, continued mental stimulation, avoiding stress, a healthy diet, and moderate alcohol consumption. The presentation also recommends consuming antioxidant supplements, and avoiding tap water, which it describes as "dangerous" due to it being contaminated with toxic chemicals.  The A4M argues that the application of this set of interventions can produce "practical immortality", which are human lifespans in excess of 150 years, and predict future lifespans ranging up to 200 years old before the year 3000.  Writing in 2006, Klatz predicted that such dramatic increases in lifespan will be produced by emerging technologies such as nanotechnology or stem cell therapy, which he states "shows ubiquitous promise for everything from stroke to spinal cord injury." With the discovery of such future technologies, Klatz believes that "Humankind will evolve toward an Ageless Society, in which we all experience boundless physical and mental vitality."

text: The A4M believe that an "anti-aging transformation" can be produced by a combination of interventions, which include

text: hormone

text: s,

text: antioxidant

text: s,

text: lifestyle modification

text: s and

text: exercise

text: . A 2002 presentation produced by Klatz highlights many widely recommended interventions to maintain health in old age, such as staying slim, avoiding smoking, regular exercise, maintaining an active social and sex life, continued mental stimulation, avoiding stress, a healthy diet, and moderate alcohol consumption. The presentation also recommends consuming antioxidant supplements, and avoiding tap water, which it describes as "dangerous" due to it being contaminated with toxic chemicals.  The A4M argues that the application of this set of interventions can produce "practical immortality", which are human lifespans in excess of 150 years, and predict future lifespans ranging up to 200 years old before the year 3000.  Writing in 2006, Klatz predicted that such dramatic increases in lifespan will be produced by emerging technologies such as

text: nanotechnology

text: or

text: stem cell therapy

text: , which he states "shows ubiquitous promise for everything from stroke to spinal cord injury." With the discovery of such future technologies, Klatz believes that "Humankind will evolve toward an Ageless Society, in which we all experience boundless physical and mental vitality."

text: HN-3 can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, ingestion, eye contact, and skin contact (though inhalation is the most common). The chemical is extremely toxic and may damage the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and suppress the immune system. HN-3 penetrates and binds quickly to cells of the body, but its health effects develop slowly. The full extent of cellular injury may not be known for days.

text: Generally speaking, the Upper South favors pork, sorghum, and whiskey; the Low Country (the coast, especially coastal Georgia and coastal South Carolina) favors seafood, rice, and grits. Appalachia uses butter extensively but makes little use of cheese, and eats more wild game (as well as wild fruits and vegetables) than the rest of the South; apples, oats, and potatoes are also common in Appalachian cuisine, since the mountains are cooler and drier than the lowlands. Texas and Oklahoma, where the South shades into the Great Plains, tend to eat beef; the rest of the South (including Arkansas, which is geologically more like Appalachia than anything) prefers pork.

text: Bangaru Lakshman died on 1 March 2014 at Yashoda Hospital, Secunderabad in Hyderabad, from a prolonged illness and respiratory problems. He was out on bail due to health concerns.

text: Bangaru Lakshman died on 1 March 2014 at Yashoda Hospital, Secunderabad in

text: Hyderabad

text: , from a prolonged illness and respiratory problems. He was out on bail due to health concerns.

text: Chalchiutlicue presides over the day 5 Serpent and the trecena of 1 Reed.  She was connected with serpents, maize, and shells.  She was responsible with bringing about good harvest to the crops.  She was worshiped in marriage.  Women who worshiped her would dedicate their nuptials to her. Chalchiutlicue was also held to be the guardian of the children and new born.  The fathers would choose the best midwife to bring their child to the world. It was very important for them because the father was concerned about the well being of the mother and the baby, (many times the mother and the baby died in the process of giving birth)  A midwife would speak to children who were being delivered as if they were adults, able to reason and understand, and then implore the gods that his birth insure a prime place among them. After cutting the umbilical cord, the midwife would wash the new baby with customary greeting to the goddess of the sea Chalchiutlicue. Four days after the birth, the child was given a second bath and a name. According to the customs and tradition, the family and relatives prepared everything for the big celebration with food and drinks. The family of the baby would send for the midwife to lead the rite.  After of the rising of the sun the midwife would place a bowl of water in the middle of the patio and hold the naked child with both hands. If the baby was a boy, he had a small shield, a bow and four little arrows; if the baby was a girl, she had a huipilli, distaff and a spindle. As reported by Sahagún's informants, the midwife would say in florid language: "My son, the gods Ometecutli and Omecioatl who realm in the ninth and tenth heavens, have begotten you in this light and brought you into this world full of calamity and pain take then this water, which will protect you life, in the name of the goddess Chalchiutlicue."  Then with her right hand she would sprinkle water at the head of the child and say, "Behold this element without whose assistance no mortal being can survive." She also would sprinkle water on the breast of the baby saying, "Receive this celestial water that washes impurity from your heart." Then she would go again to the head and say, "Son receive this divine water, which must be drank that all may live that it may wash you and wash away all your misfortunes, part of the life since the beginning of the world: this water in truth has a unique power to oppose misfortune." At the end, she would wash the entire body of the little baby, "In which part of you is unhappiness hidden? Or in which part are you hiding? Leave this child, today, he is born again in the healthful waters in which he has been bathed, as mandated by the will of the god of the sea Chalchiutlicue."

text: Chalchiutlicue presides over the day 5 Serpent and the

text: trecena

text: Ometecutli

text: and Omecioatl who realm in the ninth and tenth heavens, have begotten you in this light and brought you into this world full of calamity and pain take then this water, which will protect you life, in the name of the goddess Chalchiutlicue."  Then with her right hand she would sprinkle water at the head of the child and say, "Behold this element without whose assistance no mortal being can survive." She also would sprinkle water on the breast of the baby saying, "Receive this celestial water that washes impurity from your heart." Then she would go again to the head and say, "Son receive this divine water, which must be drank that all may live that it may wash you and wash away all your misfortunes, part of the life since the beginning of the world: this water in truth has a unique power to oppose misfortune." At the end, she would wash the entire body of the little baby, "In which part of you is unhappiness hidden? Or in which part are you hiding? Leave this child, today, he is born again in the healthful waters in which he has been bathed, as mandated by the will of the god of the sea Chalchiutlicue."

text: However, the context was a situation in which the sickness of a wife prevented matrimonial intercourse,  and when asked for an opinion on polygamy in 1526,  Luther wrote, "It is my earnest warning and counsel that Christians especially shall have no more than one wife, not only because it is a scandal, which a Christian should avoid most diligently, but also because there is no word of God here to show that God approves it in Christians.... I must oppose it, especially in Christians, unless there be need, as for instance if the wife be a leper, or be taken away from the husband in some other way."

text: The Union publishes two scientific journals; the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IJTLD) and Public Health Action (PHA). The IJTLD is distributed to over 165 countries world-wide and has an impact factor of 2.76. The IJTLD is the reference for clinical research and epidemiological studies on tuberculosis. It is also the only peer-reviewed journal dedicated to lung health, including articles on non-tuberculosis-related respiratory diseases such as asthma, acute respiratory infection, COPD and the hazards of tobacco and pollution. Public Health Action is The Union's open-access online journal which is published quarterly. PHA addresses the need for showcasing operational research that addresses issues in health systems and services and aims to provide new knowledge to improve access, equity, quality and efficiency of health systems and services.

text: The Union publishes two scientific journals; the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IJTLD) and Public Health Action (PHA). The IJTLD is distributed to over 165 countries world-wide and has an

text: impact factor

text: of 2.76. The IJTLD is the reference for clinical research and epidemiological studies on tuberculosis. It is also the only peer-reviewed journal dedicated to lung health, including articles on non-tuberculosis-related respiratory diseases such as asthma, acute respiratory infection, COPD and the hazards of tobacco and pollution. Public Health Action is The Union's open-access online journal which is published quarterly. PHA addresses the need for showcasing operational research that addresses issues in health systems and services and aims to provide new knowledge to improve access, equity, quality and efficiency of health systems and services.

text: Smoking Thuốc lào poses serious injury and health risks, and is considered far more dangerous than cigarette consumption. There are several instances of individuals choking to death or suffering sudden respiratory failure due to the sudden inhalation of a large amount of smoke. There is also a risk of burning oneself on the water leaving the pipe. Despite the risks of Thuốc lào it remains popular in the central and northern parts of the country, especially with minority and rural groups.

text: "At the start of this sensible book about the "weight and fitness crisis" in America, Harvard psychologist Deirdre Barrett says the answer lies in the study of evolution. As animals, we are genetically almost identical to our Stone Age ancestors. We live in advanced societies, with supermarkets and cars and lifts, but we are built to be hunter-gatherers. We are programmed to seek out fat, sugar, starch and salt, because, in the Stone Age, these things were hard to come by. When they turn up in abundance, our bodies, for the most part, can't say no. . . . to put it simply, human beings are evolving much more slowly than the food we eat. And the food is tricking us. We think it's what we need, but it's just what we want. What can we do? Eat sensibly and exercise, of course. One thing we have to do, though, is not to “listen to your body" – because it craves food that, in abundance, is bad for it. . . This is a clear, well-written and thoughtful guide to the fat crisis." - The Telegraph (UK)<ref>Evolution makes us fat

text: Since ear infections and respiratory infections are common for children diagnosed with aspartylglucosaminuria, it is best to have regular checkups for both the ears and the respiratory tract.

text: Some people choose to avoid aggressive measures at the end of life.  A do not resuscitate order (DNR) in the form of an advance health care directive makes it clear that in the event of cardiac arrest, the person does not wish to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Other directives may be made to stipulate the desire for intubation in the event of respiratory failure or, if comfort measures are all that are desired, by stipulating that healthcare providers should "allow natural death".

text: Some people choose to avoid aggressive measures at the end of life.  A

text: do not resuscitate

text: order (DNR) in the form of an

text: advance health care directive

text: makes it clear that in the event of cardiac arrest, the person does not wish to receive

text: cardiopulmonary resuscitation

text: . Other directives may be made to stipulate the desire for

text: intubation

text: in the event of

text: respiratory failure

text: or, if comfort measures are all that are desired, by stipulating that healthcare providers should "allow natural death".

text: Dietitians generally recommend eating several balanced meals dispersed through the day, with a combination of progressive, primarily aerobic, physical exercise.

text: Originally launched in 2008, Vitals has grown to be the 13th largest health website according to comScore, and peaked as the 362nd most visited website in the United States. In addition to being a health provider and medical facility search service, the site provides content on preparing for a doctor visit and has scheduling tools for patients to book appointments with doctors online.

text: Originally launched in 2008, Vitals has grown to be the 13th largest health website according to

text: comScore

text: , and peaked as the 362nd most visited website in the United States. In addition to being a health provider and medical facility search service, the site provides content on preparing for a doctor visit and has scheduling tools for patients to book appointments with doctors online.

text: If the hookah has been lit and smoked but has not been inhaled for an extended period, the smoke inside the water jar may be regarded as "stale" and undesirable. Stale smoke may be exhausted through the purge valve, if present. This one-way valve is opened by the positive pressure created from gently blowing into the hose. It will not function on a multiple-hose hookah unless all other hoses are plugged. Sometimes one-way valves are put in the hose sockets to avoid the need to manually plug hoses.

text: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in China. China has the world's third largest cases of tuberculosis (after India and Indonesia), but progress in tuberculosis control was slow during the 1990s. Detection of tuberculosis had stagnated at around 30% of the estimated total of new cases, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was a major problem. These signs of inadequate tuberculosis control can be linked to a malfunctioning health system. The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, brought to light substantial weaknesses in the country's public health system. After the government realized the impact that the SARS outbreak had on the country, they increased leadership in their health department. After the SARS epidemic was brought under control, the government increased its commitment and leadership to tackle public health problems and, among other efforts, increased public health funding, revised laws that concerned the control of infectious diseases, implemented the world's largest internet-based disease reporting system to improve transparency, reach and speed, and started a program to rebuild local public health facilities and national infrastructure.

text: Tuberculosis

text: is a major

text: public health

text: problem in

text: China

text: . China has the world's third largest cases of

text: tuberculosis

text: (after

text: India

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: ), but progress in tuberculosis control was slow during the 1990s. Detection of tuberculosis had stagnated at around 30% of the estimated total of new cases, and

text: multidrug-resistant

text: tuberculosis was a major problem. These signs of inadequate tuberculosis control can be linked to a malfunctioning

text: health system

text: . The spread of

text: severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) in 2003, brought to light substantial weaknesses in the country's

text: public health system

text: . After the government realized the impact that the SARS outbreak had on the country, they increased leadership in their health department. After the

text: SARS epidemic

text: was brought under control, the government increased its commitment and leadership to tackle public health problems and, among other efforts, increased public health funding, revised laws that concerned the control of infectious diseases, implemented the world's largest internet-based disease reporting system to improve transparency, reach and speed, and started a program to rebuild local public health facilities and national infrastructure.

text: Following a backlash over Robertson's advice, Robertson said, "Basically I’m saying, adultery is not a good thing and you might as well straighten your life out and the only way to do it is to kind of get your affair with your wife in order. ... I was not giving advice to the whole world and nor was I counseling anybody to be unscriptural and leave their spouse. ... Please know that I believe the Bible. Please know that I never would tell anybody to leave their sick spouse. I never never would say such a thing because I need my spouse when I get sick and she needs me when she gets sick. In sickness and in health, I believe it!"

text: He started playing clarinet as a child at the McDonogh 28 school located on Esplanade Avenue. As a child, young Pete was very sickly, frequently battling respiratory infections due to weakened lungs. He was given expensive medication but it proved to be not very effective. During a pharmacy visit, Pete's father began a discussion with a neighborhood doctor who was also there shopping and talked with him about his son's condition. The doctor agreed to see the boy the following day. After a short exam, the doctor confirmed the weak lung condition and advised the father to try an unorthodox treatment: purchase the child a musical instrument, anything he has to blow into. The same day, they went to a local music store and, given his choice of instruments, Pete chose the clarinet (after first wanting the drums, which his father declined per the doctor's orders). At first, Pete was unable to produce a sound from the instrument, but he continued to practice and eventually not only made sounds and eventually music, but greatly improved the health of his lungs.

text: He started playing clarinet as a child at the McDonogh 28 school located on

text: Esplanade Avenue

text: . As a child, young Pete was very sickly, frequently battling respiratory infections due to weakened lungs. He was given expensive medication but it proved to be not very effective. During a pharmacy visit, Pete's father began a discussion with a neighborhood doctor who was also there shopping and talked with him about his son's condition. The doctor agreed to see the boy the following day. After a short exam, the doctor confirmed the weak lung condition and advised the father to try an unorthodox treatment: purchase the child a musical instrument, anything he has to blow into. The same day, they went to a local music store and, given his choice of instruments, Pete chose the clarinet (after first wanting the drums, which his father declined per the doctor's orders). At first, Pete was unable to produce a sound from the instrument, but he continued to practice and eventually not only made sounds and eventually music, but greatly improved the health of his lungs.

text: The Doctor informs Me that the imminent Great Fire of London was caused by the Terileptils, referring to the Fifth Doctor story, The Visitation.

text: The Doctor informs Me that the imminent

text: Great Fire of London

text: was caused by the Terileptils, referring to the

text: Fifth Doctor

text: story,

text: The Visitation

text: Other people are so afraid of any reminder of illness that they will avoid medical professionals for a seemingly minor problem, sometimes to the point of becoming neglectful of their health when a serious condition may exist and go undiagnosed. Yet others live in despair and depression, certain that they have a life-threatening disease and no physician can help them. Some consider the disease as a punishment for past misdeeds.

text: There is a common misconception that cockroaches are serious vectors of disease. Cockroaches are not vagile, i.e. they do not travel far from their birthplace as opposed to the housefly which may travel miles from its birthplace. The cockroach will spread its GI tract contents throughout a building. If that is a home it will be helping to spread the diseases that the family and friends bring into the home.  In a hospital or a restaurant it can spread diseases from sick to well individuals.  They have no bite or sting.  It is true that by external contact that cockroaches can carry bacteria such as salmonella onto surfaces. Their shells contain a protein, arylphorin, implicated in asthma and other respiratory conditions.

text: There is a common misconception that

text: cockroaches

text: are serious vectors of disease. Cockroaches are not vagile, i.e. they do not travel far from their birthplace as opposed to the housefly which may travel miles from its birthplace. The cockroach will spread its GI tract contents throughout a building. If that is a home it will be helping to spread the diseases that the family and friends bring into the home.  In a hospital or a restaurant it can spread diseases from sick to well individuals.  They have no bite or sting.  It is true that by external contact that cockroaches can carry bacteria such as salmonella onto surfaces. Their shells contain a protein,

text: arylphorin

text: , implicated in

text: asthma

text: and other respiratory conditions.

text: Spillage may increase the risk of human, ecological, and environmental exposure to triclocarban. Immediate removal and restraint of the spill, including triclocarban as dust, is urged.  Although triclocarban has few to no direct detrimental effects on health aside from allergic reactions, preventing exposure to triclocarban is recommended. Since triclocarban enters the body through pores, wearing gloves, properly washing hands, and overall proper hygiene reduces the risk of skin exposure and irritation.High concentrations of triclocarban dust may remain in the lungs and inhibit lung and respiratory function. For individuals with prior respiratory conditions, triclocarban exacerbates the severity of respiratory diseases, and proper protection is recommended as a precaution. In case of exposure to triclocarban, the individual is suggested to wash the area with water or to clear the respiratory pathways. In addition to its adverse effects on humans and the environment, solid triclocarban is a fire hazard. It is particularly combustible as dust. Contamination with other oxidizing agents may also result in combustion.

text: The tPCT provides primary health care and community services or commissions them from other providers. Primary care provides the initial pathway into the healthcare system. It could be a visit to a doctor, dentist, optician or even going to the chemist to pick up medication prescribed by your GP.

text: The tPCT provides primary health care and community services or commissions them from other providers.

text: Primary care

text: provides the initial pathway into the healthcare system. It could be a visit to a doctor, dentist, optician or even going to the chemist to pick up medication prescribed by your GP.

text: In September 2004, after a successful pilot scheme to tackle MRSA, the UK National Health Service announced its Clean Your Hands campaign. Wards were required to ensure that alcohol-based hand rubs are placed near all beds so that staff can hand wash more regularly. It is thought that even if this cuts infection by no more than 1%, the plan will pay for itself many times over.

text: In September 2004, after a successful pilot scheme to tackle MRSA, the UK

text: National Health Service

text: announced its Clean Your Hands campaign. Wards were required to ensure that

text: alcohol-based hand rubs

text: are placed near all beds so that staff can hand wash more regularly. It is thought that even if this cuts infection by no more than 1%, the plan will pay for itself many times over.

text: The physical dimension focuses on three sub-categories: healthy eating, exercise, and the human body (digestive system, skeletal system and circulatory systems).

text: Second-hand smoke from hookahs contains significant amounts of carbon dioxide, aldehydes, PAHs, ultrafine particles, and respirable particulate matter (particles small enough to enter the lungs). Study have found that concentrations of particulate matter in the air of hookah bars were in the unhealthy to hazardous range according to Environmental Protection Agency standards. The air in hookah bars also contains significant amounts of toxic chemicals including: aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and trace metals. The concentrations in the air of all these toxic substances are greater than for cigarettes (for the same number of smokers per hour). During a typical one-hour hookah session, a user expels into the air 2-10 times the amount of cancer-causing chemicals and other harmful chemicals compared to a cigarette smoker. No studies have examined the long-term health effects of exposure to secondhand hookah smoke, but short term effects may include experience respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, nasal congestion, and chronic cough. Hookah bar employees, who often are exposed to toxic air for extended amounts of time, may be at especially high risk of health problems from secondhand smoke.

text: Second-hand smoke

text: from hookahs contains significant amounts of carbon dioxide, aldehydes, PAHs, ultrafine particles, and respirable particulate matter (particles small enough to enter the lungs). Study have found that concentrations of particulate matter in the air of hookah bars were in the unhealthy to hazardous range according to

text: Environmental Protection Agency

text: standards. The air in hookah bars also contains significant amounts of toxic chemicals including: aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and trace metals. The concentrations in the air of all these toxic substances are greater than for cigarettes (for the same number of smokers per hour). During a typical one-hour hookah session, a user expels into the air 2-10 times the amount of cancer-causing chemicals and other harmful chemicals compared to a cigarette smoker. No studies have examined the long-term health effects of exposure to secondhand hookah smoke, but short term effects may include experience respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, nasal congestion, and chronic cough. Hookah bar employees, who often are exposed to toxic air for extended amounts of time, may be at especially high risk of health problems from secondhand smoke.

text: In higher-than-normal doses, eucalyptol is hazardous via ingestion, skin contact, or inhalation. It can have acute health effects on behavior, respiratory tract, and nervous system. The acute oral  is 2480 mg/kg (rat). It is classified as a reproductive toxin for females and a suspect reproductive toxin for males.

text: In higher-than-normal doses, eucalyptol is hazardous via

text: ingestion

text: skin

text: contact, or

text: inhalation

text: . It can have acute health effects on

text: behavior

text: respiratory tract

text: , and

text: nervous system

text: . The

text: acute

text: oral

text: is 2480 mg/kg (rat). It is classified as a

text: reproductive toxin

text: for females and a suspect reproductive toxin for males.

text: A strong corollary in the decline of the mortality rate is that of hand-washing (National Center for Health Statistics).

text: Simple behavioral changes, such as hand washing with soap, can significantly reduce the rate of infant mortality from respiratory and diarrheal diseases. According to UNICEF, hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet can save more lives of children than any single vaccine or medical intervention, by cutting deaths from diarrhea and acute respiratory infections.

text: Simple

text: behavioral changes

text: , such as

text: hand washing

text: with soap, can significantly reduce the rate of infant mortality from respiratory and diarrheal diseases. According to UNICEF, hand washing with soap before eating and after using the

text: toilet

text: can save more lives of children than any single vaccine or medical intervention, by cutting deaths from diarrhea and acute respiratory infections.

text: Increased temperatures have been reported to cause heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, and heat cramps. Some studies have also looked at how severe heat stroke can lead to permanent damage to organ systems. This damage can increase the risk of early mortality because the damage can cause severe impairment in organ function. Other complications of heat stroke include respiratory distress syndrome in adults and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Some researchers have noted that any compromise to the human body's ability to thermoregulate would in theory increase risk of mortality. This includes illnesses that may affect a person's mobility, awareness, or behavior. Researchers have noted that individuals with cognitive health issues (e.g. depression, dementia, Parkinson's disease) are more at risk when faced with high temperatures and "need to take extra care" as cognitive performance has been shown to be differentially affected by heat.  People with diabetes, are overweight, have sleep deprivation, or have cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions should avoid too much heat exposure. Some common medications that have an effect on thermoregulation can also increase the risk of mortality. Specific examples include anticholinergics, diuretics, phenotiazines and barbiturates. Not only health, but heat can also affect behavior. A U.S. study suggests that heat can make people more irritable and aggressive, noting that violent crimes increased by 4.58 out of 100,000 for every one degree increase in temperature.

text: Increased temperatures have been reported to cause

text: heat stroke

text: heat exhaustion

text: heat syncope

text: , and

text: heat cramps

text: . Some studies have also looked at how severe heat stroke can lead to permanent damage to organ systems. This damage can increase the risk of early mortality because the damage can cause severe impairment in organ function. Other complications of heat stroke include

text: respiratory distress syndrome

text: in adults and

text: disseminated intravascular coagulation

text: . Some researchers have noted that any compromise to the human body's ability to

text: thermoregulate

text: would in theory increase risk of mortality. This includes illnesses that may affect a person's mobility, awareness, or behavior. Researchers have noted that individuals with cognitive health issues (e.g.

text: depression

text: dementia

text: Parkinson's disease

text: ) are more at risk when faced with high temperatures and "need to take extra care" as cognitive performance has been shown to be differentially affected by heat.  People with diabetes, are overweight, have sleep deprivation, or have cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions should avoid too much heat exposure. Some common medications that have an effect on thermoregulation can also increase the risk of mortality. Specific examples include

text: anticholinergics

text: diuretics

text: , phenotiazines and

text: barbiturates

text: . Not only health, but heat can also affect behavior. A U.S. study suggests that heat can make people more irritable and aggressive, noting that violent crimes increased by 4.58 out of 100,000 for every one degree increase in temperature.

text: Hot water that is comfortable for washing hands is not hot enough to kill bacteria. Bacteria grow much faster at body temperature (37 C).  However, warm, soapy water is more effective than cold, soapy water at removing the natural oils on your hands which hold soils and bacteria. Contrary to popular belief however, scientific studies have shown that using warm water has no effect on reducing the microbial load on hands.

text: Though 76% of people in Benin live within 5 km of the nearest health facility, only 44% of this population use their services. Among the top reasons for visits to the health center are malaria, acute respiratory infections, and diarrhea. These three illnesses are responsible for 70% of visits to health centers and 65% of deaths under age 5.

text: Elected at the age of 76, Francis was reported to be healthy and his doctors have stated that his missing lung tissue, removed in his youth, does not have a significant impact on his health. The only concern would be decreased respiratory reserve if he had a respiratory infection. In the past, one attack of sciatica in 2007 prevented him from attending a consistory and delayed his return to Argentina for several days.

text: Elected at the age of 76, Francis was reported to be healthy and his doctors have stated that his missing lung tissue, removed in his youth, does not have a significant impact on his health. The only concern would be decreased respiratory reserve if he had a respiratory infection. In the past, one attack of

text: sciatica

text: in 2007 prevented him from attending a consistory and delayed his return to Argentina for several days.

text: Hand washing has the following health benefits:

text: Other inhibitions on daily life can be seen in meal preparation. Many emetophobic people also have specific "rituals" for the food they eat and how they prepare it. They frequently check the freshness of the food along with washing it several times in order to prevent any potential sicknesses that they could contract from foods not handled properly. Eating out is also avoided, if possible, and when asked Lipsitz et al.'s survey, many felt they were underweight because of the strict diets that they put upon themselves.

text: Other inhibitions on daily life can be seen in meal preparation. Many emetophobic people also have specific "rituals" for the food they eat and how they prepare it. They frequently check the freshness of the food along with washing it several times in order to prevent any potential sicknesses that they could contract from foods not handled properly. Eating out is also avoided, if possible, and when asked Lipsitz et al.'s survey, many felt they were underweight because of the strict

text: diets

text: that they put upon themselves.

text: In 2007 the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) began developing recommendations for the promotion of the field of respiratory care in the United States in response to increased concern regarding licensure and credentialing issues as well as international recognition of those practicing in the United States.  The task force decided to recommend that by 2015 the minimum education requirement for licensure and certification as a Respiratory Therapist be a bachelor of science in respiratory therapy (BSRT).  The AARC task force also recommended the American Respiratory Care Foundation change its scholarship policies and only award assistance and grants to those working toward a bachelor's degree.   The Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) was asked by the AARC task force to change its accreditation standards and no longer accredit associates level respiratory care programs.  The CoARC replied by a press release rejecting the recommendation.  In 2011 legislation introduced by the AARC will help improve the use of Respiratory Therapists in clinical applications by allowing them to manage patients suffering from asthma and COPD seeing a clinic for routine checkups.  Similar bills have been introduced before and have died in committee.

text: In 2007 the

text: American Association for Respiratory Care

text: (AARC) began developing recommendations for the promotion of the field of respiratory care in the United States in response to increased concern regarding licensure and credentialing issues as well as international recognition of those practicing in the United States.  The task force decided to recommend that by 2015 the minimum education requirement for licensure and certification as a Respiratory Therapist be a

text: bachelor of science in respiratory therapy

text: (BSRT).  The AARC task force also recommended the

text: American Respiratory Care Foundation

text: change its scholarship policies and only award assistance and grants to those working toward a bachelor's degree.   The

text: Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care

text: (CoARC) was asked by the AARC task force to change its accreditation standards and no longer accredit associates level respiratory care programs.  The CoARC replied by a press release rejecting the recommendation.  In 2011 legislation introduced by the AARC will help improve the use of Respiratory Therapists in clinical applications by allowing them to manage patients suffering from

text: asthma

text: and

text: COPD

text: seeing a clinic for routine checkups.

text: Similar bills

text: have been introduced before and have died in committee.

text: Cigar Aficionado, launched in 1992, presents cigars as symbols of a successful lifestyle, and is a major conduit of advertisements that do not conform to the tobacco industry's voluntary advertisement restrictions since 1965, such as a restriction not to associate smoking with glamour. The magazine also presents pro-smoking arguments at length, and argues that cigars are safer than cigarettes, since they do not have the thousands of chemical additives that cigarette manufactures add to the cutting floor scraps of tobacco used as cigarette filler.  The publication also presents arguments that risks are a part of daily life and that (contrary to the evidence discussed in Health effects) cigar smoking has health benefits, that moderation eliminates most or all health risk, and that cigar smokers live to old age, that health research is flawed, and that several health-research results support claims of safety. Like its competitor Smoke, Cigar Aficionado differs from marketing vehicles used for other tobacco products in that it makes cigars the focus of the entire magazine, creating a symbiosis between product and lifestyle.

text: Cigar Aficionado, launched in 1992, presents cigars as symbols of a successful lifestyle, and is a major conduit of advertisements that do not conform to the

text: tobacco industry

text: 's voluntary advertisement restrictions since 1965, such as a restriction not to associate smoking with glamour. The magazine also presents pro-smoking arguments at length, and argues that cigars are safer than cigarettes, since they do not have the thousands of chemical additives that cigarette manufactures add to the cutting floor scraps of tobacco used as cigarette filler.  The publication also presents arguments that risks are a part of daily life and that (contrary to the evidence discussed in

text: Health effects

text: ) cigar smoking has health benefits, that moderation eliminates most or all health risk, and that cigar smokers live to old age, that health research is flawed, and that several health-research results support claims of safety. Like its competitor Smoke, Cigar Aficionado differs from marketing vehicles used for other tobacco products in that it makes cigars the focus of the entire magazine, creating a symbiosis between product and lifestyle.

text: Circular migration has also been connected with the current spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This is partly because migrants can have a difficult time moving to new environments, as they lack the natives’ resistance to local diseases and infections. Many migrants are also at greater risk of becoming sick because of the marginal conditions in which they live. However, as described above, the majority of the attention has been on circular migrants as disease carriers. Contact with migrant workers places their rural partners at greater risk for acquiring STDs. Due to the nature of their work, circular migrants are gone from home often and for great lengths of time, which can disrupt the balance of their family and sex lives.

text: Circular migration has also been connected with the current spread of

text: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

text: (SARS). This is partly because migrants can have a difficult time moving to new environments, as they lack the natives’ resistance to local diseases and infections. Many migrants are also at greater risk of becoming sick because of the marginal conditions in which they live. However, as described above, the majority of the attention has been on circular migrants as

text: disease carrier

text: s. Contact with migrant workers places their rural partners at greater risk for acquiring STDs. Due to the nature of their work, circular migrants are gone from home often and for great lengths of time, which can disrupt the balance of their family and sex lives.

text: Haro Kraak, reporting on a broodfonds in 2013, indicated that the risk of excessive claims of sickness or fraud were not manifest when he interviewed members of a group of some forty freelancers in Amsterdam, where two members were sick. Tjitske Mussche, chair of that fund, said the concept is based on existing working relations and friendships and that it requires a degree of trust from its members. Their fund is called "Soup fund": "When someone is sick, you bring them soup. So now we bring every sick person a pot of soup". In practice, she said, most freelancers and self-employed people in her 'broodfonds' want to avoid the high fees of income insurance and are pleased to be able to support each other in times of need. Participants are happy to arrange their own safety-net, as they see fit.

text: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for perlite exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.

text: The

text: (OSHA) has set the legal limit (

text: permissible exposure limit

text: ) for perlite exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The

text: (NIOSH) has set a

text: recommended exposure limit

text: Infections can affect any part of the respiratory system. They are traditionally divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.

text: The respiratory bud is an embryological structure of endodermal origin that develops into organs of the respiratory system, such as the larynx, trachea and lungs.

text: The respiratory bud is an embryological structure of

text: endoderm

text: al origin that develops into organs of the

text: respiratory system

text: , such as the

text: larynx

text: trachea

text: and

text: lung

text: s.

text: Nations do not necessarily need wealth to gain health. For example, Sri Lanka had a maternal mortality rate of 2% in the 1930s, higher than any nation today. It reduced it to 0.5–0.6% in the 1950s and to .06% today while spending less each year on maternal health because it learned what worked and what did not. Knowledge on the cost effectiveness of healthcare interventions can be elusive and educational measures have been made to disseminate what works, such as the Copenhagen Consensus. Cheap water filters and promoting hand washing are some of the most cost effective health interventions and can cut deaths from diarrhea and pneumonia.

text: Nations do not necessarily need wealth to gain health. For example,

text: Sri Lanka

text: had a

text: maternal mortality rate

text: of 2% in the 1930s, higher than any nation today. It reduced it to 0.5–0.6% in the 1950s and to .06% today while spending less each year on

text: maternal health

text: because it learned what worked and what did not. Knowledge on the cost effectiveness of healthcare interventions can be elusive and educational measures have been made to disseminate what works, such as the

text: Copenhagen Consensus

text: . Cheap

text: water filter

text: s and promoting hand washing are some of the most cost effective health interventions and can cut

text: death

text: s from

text: diarrhea

text: and

text: pneumonia

text: BTS is a membership organization, with nearly 3000 members from the respiratory health sector. These include doctors, nurses, respiratory physiotherapists, scientists and other professionals with an interest in respiratory disease.

text: BTS is a

text: membership organization

text: , with nearly 3000 members from the respiratory health sector. These include

text: doctor

text: s,

text: nurse

text: s, respiratory

text: physiotherapist

text: s, scientists and other professionals with an interest in respiratory disease.

text: Baptist Memorial Healthcare operates a college Baptist College of Health Sciences centered on Health Professions nearby the site of the former Madison Campus. The school offers Bachelors Degrees in Health care management, Nursing, Nuclear Medicine,   Radiation Therapy, Radiography, Respiratory Care, and Sonography.

text: Baptist Memorial Healthcare operates a college

text: Baptist College of Health Sciences

text: centered on Health Professions nearby the site of the former Madison Campus. The school offers Bachelors Degrees in

text: Health care management

text: Nursing

text: Nuclear Medicine

text: Radiation Therapy

text: Radiography

text: Respiratory Care

text: , and

text: Sonography

text: At the lowest level of biosafety, precautions may consist of regular hand-washing and minimal protective equipment. At higher biosafety levels, precautions may include airflow systems, multiple containment rooms, sealed containers, positive pressure personnel suits, established protocols for all procedures, extensive personnel training, and high levels of security to control access to the facility.

text: At the lowest level of biosafety, precautions may consist of regular hand-washing and minimal protective equipment. At higher biosafety levels, precautions may include airflow systems, multiple containment rooms, sealed containers,

text: positive pressure personnel suit

text: s, established protocols for all procedures, extensive personnel training, and high levels of security to control access to the facility.

text: Their neonatal care products include infant warmers to help maintain normal body temperature, infant resuscitators and CPAP systems designed to improve infant respiratory function.

text: Their

text: neonatal

text: care products include infant warmers to help maintain normal body temperature, infant resuscitators and

text: CPAP

text: systems designed to improve infant respiratory function.

text: The younger someone starts to smoke,the more likely they are to be heavy users of tobacco, and therefore, thegreater risk they have of obtaining poor health. Smoking during adolescencecauses serious health problems, in regards to the respiratory and asthma-relatedsymptoms, including shortness of breath, coughing spells, phlegm, increased frequentheadaches, and wheezing. Smokingas an adolescent also impairs lung growth, and causes the early onset of lungfunction deterioration during late adolescence and early adulthood; this onlybrings upon early addition to nicotine, and worse overall health.

text: The younger someone starts to smoke,the more likely they are to be heavy users of tobacco, and therefore, thegreater risk they have of obtaining poor health. Smoking during adolescencecauses serious

text: health problems

text: , in regards to the

text: respiratory

text: and

text: asthma

text: -relatedsymptoms, including shortness of breath, coughing spells, phlegm, increased frequentheadaches, and wheezing. Smokingas an adolescent also impairs

text: lung growth

text: , and causes the early onset of lungfunction deterioration during late adolescence and early adulthood; this onlybrings upon early addition to nicotine, and worse overall health.

text: Armidale has a noted problem with air pollution caused by the use of solid fuel domestic wood heaters during the winter months. A peer-reviewed study carried out by the University of New England found winter woodsmoke causes 8.8 additional visits per day to GPs in Armidale for respiratory complaints, i.e., about 750 additional visits per year. Another peer-reviewed study estimated the use of wood heaters in Armidale was responsible for about 11.5 premature deaths per year with estimated annual health cost of $14.95 million - about $4720 per year for every woodheater in the city. A local retired doctor (now Associate Professor at the UNE Medical school) said he is so concerned by the wood smoke situation, he urges people with respiratory problems to leave town.

text: Inhalation is a major route of exposure that occurs when an individual breathes in polluted air which enters the respiratory tract.   Identification of the pollutant uptake by the respiratory system can determine how the resulting exposure contributes to the  dose.  In this way, the mechanism of pollutant uptake by the respiratory system can be used to predict potential health impacts within the human population.

text: Inhalation is a major route of exposure that occurs when an individual breathes in polluted air which enters the respiratory tract.   Identification of the pollutant uptake by the respiratory system can determine how the resulting exposure contributes to the

text: dose

text: .  In this way, the mechanism of pollutant uptake by the respiratory system can be used to predict potential health impacts within the human population.

text: Duncan and Gold suggested that responsible drug use involves responsibility in three areas: situational responsibilities, health responsibilities, and safety-related responsibilities. Among situational responsibilities they included concerns over the possible situations in which drugs might be used legally. This includes the avoidance of hazardous situations; not using when alone; nor using due to coercion or when the use of drugs itself is the sole reason for use. Health responsibilities include: avoidance of excessive doses or hazardous combinations of drugs; awareness of possible health consequences of drug use; avoiding drug-using behaviors than can potentially lead to addiction; and not using a drug recreationally during periods of excessive stress. Safety-related responsibilities include: using the smallest dose necessary to achieve the desired effects; using only in relaxed settings with supportive companions; avoiding the use of drugs by injection; and not using drugs while performing complex tasks or those where the drug might impair one's ability to function safely.

text: Heading the cast of Doppelgänger is Roy Thinnes in the role of Colonel Glenn Ross of NASA. Anderson, who perceived a likeness to fellow American actor Paul Newman, cast Thinnes as the male lead after viewing his performance in the television series The Invaders (1967–68). In the Andersons' draft script, Ross's first name is Stewart, and he is said to have been the first man to walk on Mars. In a 2008 interview, Thinnes said, "I thought [Doppelgänger] was an interesting premise, although now we know that there isn't another planet on the other side of the Sun, through our space exploration and telescopic abilities. But at that time it was conceivable, and it could have been scary." To conform to the script's characterisation of Ross, and to the detriment of his respiratory health, Thinnes ended up smoking many packets' worth of cigarettes in the course of the production. Reporting on Thinnes' intention to demand a non-smoking clause in his next film contract, in September 1969 Australian newspaper The Age stated, "He smokes about two packets a day, but the perpetual lighting up of new cigarettes for continuity purposes was too much."

text: Heading the cast of Doppelgänger is

text: Roy Thinnes

text: in the role of Colonel Glenn Ross of

text: NASA

text: . Anderson, who perceived a likeness to fellow American actor

text: Paul Newman

text: , cast Thinnes as the male lead after viewing his performance in the television series

text: The Invaders

text: (1967–68). In the Andersons' draft script, Ross's first name is Stewart, and he is said to have been the first man to

text: walk on Mars

text: . In a 2008 interview, Thinnes said, "I thought [Doppelgänger] was an interesting premise, although now we know that there isn't another planet on the other side of the Sun, through our space exploration and telescopic abilities. But at that time it was conceivable, and it could have been scary." To conform to the script's characterisation of Ross, and to the detriment of his

text: respiratory health

text: , Thinnes ended up smoking many packets' worth of cigarettes in the course of the production. Reporting on Thinnes' intention to demand a non-smoking clause in his next film contract, in September 1969 Australian newspaper

text: The Age

text: stated, "He smokes about two packets a day, but the perpetual lighting up of new cigarettes for

text: continuity

text: purposes was too much."

text: Some people however are concerned that gatekeeping can damage the doctor-patient relationship, since the doctor cannot act solely in the interests of the individual patient (17). Others have questioned whether this is ever possible, even without gatekeeping. Much depends on the system within which gatekeeping operates, and how great the pressures are on the primary care doctor not to refer, and how strong the incentives, personal, professional and financial are for or against referral. All are agreed that “positive gatekeeping” in which doctors are rewarded for encouraging patients to have unnecessary or dubious procedures, as exists in many private systems, is unethical, and that avoiding unnecessary treatment (therapeutic parsimony) is desirable. Heath has pointed out that the primary care doctor has influence over two other “gates” between illness and health, and between self care and professional care (18).

text: While Bionic Commando Rearmed remains mostly true to its NES counterpart, a number of gameplay enhancements were made.  A health bar replaces the game's original health system of a limited health pool which grows after collecting bullets from defeated foes.  Players collect health items from enemies to restore health, as opposed to the original system which involved earning more hit points. Defeating enemies with full health now awards players extra points, encouraging players to avoid being hit in order to obtain high scores. Players can extend Spencer's bionic arm to grab oil barrels and throw them at enemies, or use them as temporary shields. Weapons can now be changed instantly during gameplay, as opposed to being limited to one weapon per mission.  Boss battles have also been redesigned. Each battle now makes unique use of Spencer's weaponry and bionic arm.  In one example, the player must latch the arm to a screw on the boss character's vehicle, then pull back to expose a weak point in the armor.  Additionally, the final boss battle has been extended to a complete level as opposed to the ending sequence of one. Hacking into enemy communications now involves navigating a three-dimensional puzzle as opposed to simply choosing to hack.  New to the remake are Challenge rooms which involve using the bionic arm to traverse a course as quickly as possible.  Force feedback has been implemented when using the bionic arm, firing weapons, and other events.

text: While Bionic Commando Rearmed remains mostly true to its

text: NES counterpart

text: , a number of gameplay enhancements were made.  A

text: health bar

text: replaces the game's original health system of a limited health pool which grows after collecting bullets from defeated foes.  Players collect health items from enemies to restore health, as opposed to the original system which involved earning more hit points. Defeating enemies with full health now awards players extra points, encouraging players to avoid being hit in order to obtain high scores. Players can extend Spencer's bionic arm to grab oil barrels and throw them at enemies, or use them as temporary shields. Weapons can now be changed instantly during gameplay, as opposed to being limited to one weapon per mission.  Boss battles have also been redesigned. Each battle now makes unique use of Spencer's weaponry and bionic arm.  In one example, the player must latch the arm to a screw on the boss character's vehicle, then pull back to expose a weak point in the armor.  Additionally, the final boss battle has been extended to a complete level as opposed to the ending sequence of one. Hacking into enemy communications now involves navigating a three-dimensional puzzle as opposed to simply choosing to hack.  New to the remake are Challenge rooms which involve using the bionic arm to traverse a course as quickly as possible.

text: Force feedback

text: has been implemented when using the bionic arm, firing weapons, and other events.

text: In March 2003, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) spread to Beijing from southern China. Initial underreporting of the epidemic by government authorities was exposed by Dr. Jiang Yanyong in early April and forced Health Minister Zhang Wenkang and mayor Meng Xuenong to resign in April. The city became the hardest hit in the SARS epidemic with 2,521 probable cases (including at least 394 infected medical personnel) and 191 deaths. Public schools, theaters, discos, and entertainment centers were closed at the order of the government in late April when 100 new cases were reported daily. A large quarantine base was set up in Changping District north of the city. After the last new case was reported on May 29, the epidemic subsided and the World Health Organization lifted the travel advisory for Beijing on June 24.

text: In March 2003, the

text: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

text: spread to Beijing from southern China. Initial underreporting of the epidemic by government authorities was exposed by Dr.

text: Jiang Yanyong

text: in early April and forced

entity_name: Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China

text: Health Minister

text: Zhang Wenkang

text: and mayor

text: Meng Xuenong

text: to resign in April. The city became the hardest hit in the

text: SARS epidemic

text: with 2,521 probable cases (including at least 394 infected medical personnel) and 191 deaths. Public schools, theaters, discos, and entertainment centers were closed at the order of the government in late April when 100 new cases were reported daily. A large quarantine base was set up in Changping District north of the city. After the last new case was reported on May 29, the epidemic subsided and the

text: World Health Organization

text: lifted the travel advisory for Beijing on June 24.

text: Self-care includes exercising to maintain physical fitness and promote good mental health. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends 2 hours and thirty minutes of moderate activity each week. Examples of this include brisk walking, swimming, dancing, riding a bike, and even jumping rope. Another important aspect to self care includes eating well such as eating fresh fruits and vegetables, lean meats and other proteins while limiting processed foods. Limiting saturated fats, trans fats, sugars, and sodium will also contribute to a healthy diet. In addition, avoiding health hazards such as smoking and limiting drinking and alcohol consumption will prevent ill health and contribute to overall better health.

text: Self-care includes

text: exercising

text: to maintain physical fitness and promote good mental health. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends 2 hours and thirty minutes of moderate activity each week. Examples of this include brisk walking, swimming, dancing, riding a bike, and even jumping rope. Another important aspect to self care includes

text: eating well

text: such as eating fresh fruits and vegetables, lean meats and other proteins while limiting processed foods. Limiting saturated fats, trans fats, sugars, and sodium will also contribute to a healthy diet. In addition, avoiding health hazards such as

text: smoking

text: and limiting

text: drinking

text: and alcohol consumption will prevent ill health and contribute to overall better health.

text: Exercise is the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Although, exercise training does not directly improve lung function, it causes several physiological adaptations to exercise which can improve physical condition. There are three basic types of exercises to be considered. Aerobic exercise tends to improve the body's ability to use oxygen by decreasing the heart rate and blood pressure. Strengthening or resistance exercises can help build strength in the respiratory muscles. Stretching and flexibility exercises like yoga and Pilates can enhance breathing coordination. As exercise can trigger shortness of breath, it is important to build up the level of exercise gradually under the supervision of health care professionals (e.g., physiotherapist, exercise physiologist, doctor). Additionally pursed lip breathing can be used to increase oxygen level in patient's body. Breathing games can be used to motivate patients to learn pursed lip breathing technique.

text: Exercise is the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Although, exercise training does not directly improve lung function, it causes several physiological adaptations to exercise which can improve physical condition. There are three basic types of exercises to be considered. Aerobic exercise tends to improve the body's ability to use oxygen by decreasing the heart rate and blood pressure. Strengthening or resistance exercises can help build strength in the respiratory muscles. Stretching and flexibility exercises like yoga and Pilates can enhance breathing coordination. As exercise can trigger shortness of breath, it is important to build up the level of exercise gradually under the supervision of health care professionals (e.g., physiotherapist, exercise physiologist, doctor). Additionally

text: pursed lip breathing

text: can be used to increase oxygen level in patient's body. Breathing games can be used to motivate patients to learn pursed lip breathing technique.

text: Homos further points out that he considers it strange if people perform exercise in order to stay fit if all they would have to do is participate in manual labour. By doing so, they would at the same time relieve the burden of those who regularly work with their hands. ("To us, exercise for exercise would appear stupid. The barren expenditure of force that began and ended in itself, and produced nothing, we should—if you will excuse my saying so—look upon as childish, if not insane or immoral.")

text: Homos further points out that he considers it strange if people perform

text: exercise

text: in order to stay fit if all they would have to do is participate in manual labour. By doing so, they would at the same time relieve the burden of those who regularly work with their hands. ("To us, exercise for exercise would appear stupid. The barren expenditure of force that began and ended in itself, and produced nothing, we should—if you will excuse my saying so—look upon as childish, if not insane or immoral.")

text: When it is not possible to avoid contact, an effective method of material separation is required. If paints or coatings are used for isolation, they should be compatible with both metals. Bituminous or zinc chromate primers can be used between copper and aluminum. Bituminous, zinc chromate, or a red lead primer can be effective in separating copper from iron and other ferrous metals. Taping or gasketing with non-absorptive materials or sealants are effective in separating copper from all other metals. In areas with severe exposure, lead or similar gasketing materials should be used, except between copper and aluminum. Water draining from copper surfaces should be prevented from exposure to aluminum and galvanized steel as traces of copper salts may accelerate corrosion. In some cases, anodizing may protect thicker aluminum, such as aluminum window system mullions.

text: When it is not possible to avoid contact, an effective method of material separation is required. If paints or coatings are used for isolation, they should be compatible with both metals.

text: Bituminous

text: or

text: zinc chromate

text: primers can be used between copper and aluminum. Bituminous, zinc chromate, or a red lead primer can be effective in separating copper from iron and other ferrous metals. Taping or gasketing with non-absorptive materials or sealants are effective in separating copper from all other metals. In areas with severe exposure, lead or similar gasketing materials should be used, except between copper and aluminum. Water draining from copper surfaces should be prevented from exposure to aluminum and galvanized steel as traces of copper salts may accelerate corrosion. In some cases, anodizing may protect thicker aluminum, such as aluminum window system mullions.

text: Wood smoke from wildfires produces particulate matter that has damaging effects to human health.  The primary pollutants in wood smoke are carbon monoxide and nitric oxide.  Through the destruction of forests and human-designed infrastructure, wildfire smoke releases other toxic and carcinogenic compounds, such as formaldehyde and hydrocarbons.  These pollutants damage human health by evading the mucociliary clearance system and depositing in the upper respiratory tract, where they exert toxic effects. Research by Naeher and colleagues. found that physician visits for respiratory diseases increased by 45-80% during wildfire activity in urban British Columbia.

text: Wood smoke from wildfires produces

text: particulate matter

text: that has damaging effects to human health.  The primary pollutants in wood smoke are

text: carbon monoxide

text: and

text: nitric oxide

text: .  Through the destruction of

text: forests

text: and human-designed

text: infrastructure

text: wildfire

text: smoke releases other toxic and carcinogenic compounds, such as

text: formaldehyde

text: and

text: hydrocarbon

text: s.  These pollutants damage human health by evading the

text: mucociliary clearance

text: system and depositing in the

text: upper respiratory tract

text: , where they exert toxic effects. Research by Naeher and colleagues. found that physician visits for respiratory diseases increased by 45-80% during wildfire activity in urban British Columbia.

text: Before touching the CL or the eye, it is important to wash hands thoroughly with soap and rinse well. Soaps containing moisturizers or allergens should be avoided as these can cause eye irritation. Drying of hands using towels or tissues prior to handling CLs can transfer lint (fluff) to the hands and, subsequently, to the lenses, causing irritation upon insertion. Towels, unless freshly laundered on high temperature wash, are frequently contaminated with large quantities of bacteria and, as such, should be avoided when handling lenses. Dust, lint and other debris may collect on the outside of CLs. Again, hand contact with this material, prior to handling CLs, may transfer it to the lenses themselves. Rinsing the case under a source of clean running water, prior to opening it, can help alleviate this problem. Next the lens should be removed from its case and inspected for defects (e.g. splits, folds, lint). A 'gritty' or rough appearance to the lens surface may indicate that a considerable quantity of proteins, lipids and debris has built up on it and that additional cleaning is required; this is often accompanied and felt by unusually high irritation upon insertion.

text: Before touching the CL or the eye, it is important to

text: wash hands

text: thoroughly with

text: soap

text: and rinse well. Soaps containing

text: moisturizer

text: s or

text: allergen

text: s should be avoided as these can cause eye irritation. Drying of hands using towels or tissues prior to handling CLs can transfer lint (fluff) to the hands and, subsequently, to the lenses, causing irritation upon insertion. Towels, unless freshly laundered on high temperature wash, are frequently contaminated with large quantities of bacteria and, as such, should be avoided when handling lenses. Dust, lint and other debris may collect on the outside of CLs. Again, hand contact with this material, prior to handling CLs, may transfer it to the lenses themselves. Rinsing the case under a source of clean running water, prior to opening it, can help alleviate this problem. Next the lens should be removed from its case and inspected for defects (e.g. splits, folds, lint). A 'gritty' or rough appearance to the lens surface may indicate that a considerable quantity of proteins, lipids and debris has built up on it and that additional cleaning is required; this is often accompanied and felt by unusually high irritation upon insertion.

text: On 29 April the Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong advised Hong Kong residents not to travel to Mexico unless absolutely necessary. The first case was a Mexican who arrived from Shanghai. The Bureau escalated the alert level from "alert" to "serious", which activated health protection measures in all ports of entry of Hong Kong. Thermal screening machines were used to identify passengers with fever and respiratory symptoms. Any passenger who is confirmed to have a fever were quarantined and sent to public hospital for investigation. Hong Kong became one of the first jurisdictions to declare the swine flu as a notifiable disease. Much of the procedures against the contagion were learned from the 2003 SARS outbreak, of which Hong Kong was the epicenter of the outbreak. On 1 May, the first case in Hong Kong and also the first in Asia was confirmed. The Mexican patient arrived in Hong Kong on 30 April. Metropark Hotel Wanchai, where the patient stayed, was quarantined. After the first case was confirmed, Hong Kong's response level was raised from "serious" to "emergency".

text: On 29 April the

text: Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong

text: advised Hong Kong residents not to travel to Mexico unless absolutely necessary. The first case was a Mexican who arrived from Shanghai. The Bureau escalated the alert level from "alert" to "serious", which activated health protection measures in all

text: ports of entry

text: of Hong Kong. Thermal screening machines were used to identify passengers with fever and respiratory symptoms. Any passenger who is confirmed to have a fever were quarantined and sent to public hospital for investigation. Hong Kong became one of the first jurisdictions to declare the swine flu as a

text: notifiable disease

text: . Much of the procedures against the contagion were learned from the

text: 2003 SARS outbreak

text: , of which Hong Kong was the epicenter of the outbreak. On 1 May, the first case in Hong Kong and also the first in Asia was confirmed. The Mexican patient arrived in Hong Kong on 30 April. Metropark Hotel

text: Wanchai

text: , where the patient stayed, was quarantined. After the first case was confirmed, Hong Kong's response level was raised from "serious" to "emergency".

text: Research activities at JFM continue to provide material and technical workstations as well as personal development, improving the quality of the teaching staff and increasing their qualifications, and are therefore crucial for the development of the faculty as a whole. The school is gradually profiling itself through six major research areas: the respiratory system in health and disease, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system related to care for mothers and children, malignant cancers, selected internal disorders, and the working environments' adverse effect on the human health.

text: Research activities at JFM continue to provide material and technical workstations as well as personal development, improving the quality of the teaching staff and increasing their qualifications, and are therefore crucial for the development of the faculty as a whole. The school is gradually profiling itself through six major research areas: the respiratory system in health and disease, diseases of the central and peripheral

text: nervous system

text: related to care for mothers and children, malignant cancers, selected internal disorders, and the working environments' adverse effect on the human health.

text: Nursing homes offer the most extensive care a person can get outside a hospital. Nursing homes offer help with custodial care—like bathing, getting dressed, and eating—as well as skilled care given by a registered nurse and includes medical monitoring and treatments. Skilled care also includes services provided by specially trained professionals, such as physical, occupational, and respiratory therapists.

text: It is important for patients to avoid as much TPN related change as possible in their lifestyles. This allows for the best possible mental health situation; constantly being held down can lead to resentment and depression. Physical activity is also highly encouraged, but patients must avoid contact sports (equipment damage) and swimming (infection). Many teens find it difficult to live with TPN due to issues regarding body image and not being able to participate in activities and events.

text: It is important for patients to avoid as much TPN related change as possible in their lifestyles. This allows for the best possible mental health situation; constantly being held down can lead to resentment and

text: depression

text: Physical activity

text: is also highly encouraged, but patients must avoid contact sports (equipment damage) and swimming (infection). Many

text: teens

text: find it difficult to live with TPN due to issues regarding

text: body image

text: and not being able to participate in activities and events.

text: Some other human diseases and symptoms have been proposed to be associated with indoor bioaerosol, but no deterministic conclusions could be drawn due to the insufficiency of evidence. One example is the well-known sick building syndrome (SBS). SBS refers to non-specific complaints, such as upper-respiratory irritative symptoms, headaches, fatigue, and rash, which cannot be related to an identifiable cause but are building related. Over the last two decades, there have been many studies indicating association of indoor bioaerosol with sick building syndrome. However, most of the related studies based their conclusions on statistical correlation between concentrations of certain types of bioaerosols and incidence of complaints, which has various drawbacks methodologically. For example, some studies have a small sample size, which critically undermines the validity of speculations based on the statistical results. Also, many studies were not able to exclude the influences of other factors beside bioaerosol in their analysis, which makes the statistical correlation theoretically inappropriate to support association of SBS with bioaerosols. Additional studies revealed that bioaerosol is unlikely to be the cause of SBS. Recent epidemiological and toxicological studies continued to suggest a possible link between bioaerosol exposure and sick building syndrome, but methodological limitations remained in these studies.

text: Some other human diseases and symptoms have been proposed to be associated with indoor bioaerosol, but no deterministic conclusions could be drawn due to the

text: insufficiency of evidence

text: . One example is the well-known

text: sick building syndrome

text: (SBS). SBS refers to non-specific complaints, such as upper-respiratory irritative symptoms,

text: headache

text: s,

text: fatigue

text: , and

text: rash

text: , which cannot be related to an identifiable cause but are building related. Over the last two decades, there have been many studies indicating association of indoor bioaerosol with sick building syndrome. However, most of the related studies based their conclusions on statistical correlation between concentrations of certain types of bioaerosols and incidence of complaints, which has various drawbacks methodologically. For example, some studies have a small sample size, which critically undermines the validity of speculations based on the statistical results. Also, many studies were not able to exclude the influences of other factors beside bioaerosol in their analysis, which makes the statistical correlation theoretically inappropriate to support association of SBS with bioaerosols. Additional studies revealed that bioaerosol is unlikely to be the cause of SBS. Recent epidemiological and toxicological studies continued to suggest a possible link between bioaerosol exposure and sick building syndrome, but methodological limitations remained in these studies.

text: In 2013 MERS-CoV was identified in three members of a dromedary camel herd held in a Qatar barn, which was linked to two confirmed human cases who have since recovered. The presence of MERS-CoV in the camels was confirmed by the National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM) of the Ministry of Health and the Erasmus Medical Center (WHO Collaborating Center), the Netherlands. None of the camels showed any sign of disease when the samples were collected. The Qatar Supreme Council of Health advised in November 2013 that people with underlying health conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, respiratory disease, the immunosuppressed, and the elderly, avoid any close animal contacts when visiting farms and markets, and to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands.

text: In 2013 MERS-CoV was identified in three members of a dromedary camel herd held in a Qatar barn, which was linked to two confirmed human cases who have since recovered. The presence of MERS-CoV in the camels was confirmed by the

entity_name: Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

text: National Institute of Public Health and Environment

text: (RIVM) of the Ministry of Health and the

text: Erasmus Medical Center

text: (WHO Collaborating Center), the Netherlands. None of the camels showed any sign of disease when the samples were collected. The Qatar Supreme Council of Health advised in November 2013 that people with underlying health conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, respiratory disease, the immunosuppressed, and the elderly, avoid any close animal contacts when visiting farms and markets, and to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands.

text: The test results determined that smokers showed consistently higher mean oral temperature and pulse rate, both at rest and following exercises, as well as significantly increased pulse rates over non-smokers, a marked decrease in alertness, and an increase in insomnia symptoms.  However, there was no significant difference in blood pressure between smokers and non-smokers.  Finally, smokers experienced "debilitative performance decrements" during the smoking prohibition, and as a consequence, this also affected the morale of non-smokers, both among the participants in the experiment as well as non-participants.  Dr. Weybrew concluded smoking should be avoided because of its attendant health and relational issues, and not smoking enhances one's overall stress coping capacity (SCC).

text: The test results determined that smokers showed consistently higher mean oral temperature and

text: pulse rate

text: , both at rest and following exercises, as well as significantly increased pulse rates over non-smokers, a marked decrease in alertness, and an increase in

text: insomnia symptoms

text: .  However, there was no significant difference in

text: blood pressure

text: between smokers and non-smokers.  Finally, smokers experienced "debilitative performance decrements" during the smoking prohibition, and as a consequence, this also affected the morale of non-smokers, both among the participants in the experiment as well as non-participants.  Dr. Weybrew concluded smoking should be avoided because of its attendant health and relational issues, and not smoking enhances one's overall stress coping capacity (SCC).

text: The Harvard Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) was launched in 2014 as a multidisciplinary degree providing advanced education in public health along with mastery of skills in management, leadership, communications, and innovation thinking. The program is a cohort-based program emphasizing small-group learning and collaboration. The program is designed for three years – two years at Harvard, plus one year in a field-based doctoral project – although some students may take up to four years to complete the program. Academic training in the DrPH covers the biological, social, and economic foundations of public health, as well as essential statistical, quantitative, and methodological skills in the first year, an individualized course of study in your second year, and a field-based, capstone project called the DELTA (Doctoral Engagement in Leadership and Translation for Action) in the final year(s) of the program.

text: AIC contributes to the goal of the National Strategic Plan in care and treatment by offering Palliative Care Basic –Health Care (PCBHC). PCBHC includes psychosocial support, screening for and treatment of opportunistic infections (including Tuberculosis), as well as the provision of the basic health care package. The basic health care package includes prevention of malaria, respiratory and central nervous system diseases among PLHAs.

text: Oliver Wells (Season 8-) is a lab assistant and polymath with multiple degrees and a 160 IQ. He is portrayed as having a wide range of interests, ranging from physics to psychology, and considers himself to be very open-minded, even on subjects like time travel, or if there is life after death, or asteroid mining. Dr. Hodgins immediately gets along with Oliver, calling him his "Brother from another Mother". When he is stuck on a problem, Oliver likes to eat sticks of string cheese, even if eating inside the lab is against the rules. However, in the season 9, while he is brilliant, he is also shown to lack tact, and he is believed to have a bit of a superiority complex, much to everyone's dismay, has a rather abrasive personality, and is also one of the few interns who regularly (and often obliviously) gets on the nerves of Dr. Brennan and their boss Dr. Camille Saroyan. In the episode "The Mystery in the Meat", he and Daisy are shown to dislike each other but eventually call a truce by the end of the episode.

text: Oliver Wells (Season 8-) is a lab assistant and

text: polymath

text: with multiple degrees and a 160

text: IQ

text: . He is portrayed as having a wide range of interests, ranging from

text: physics

text: to

text: psychology

text: , and considers himself to be very open-minded, even on subjects like

text: time travel

text: , or if there is

text: life after death

text: , or

text: asteroid mining

text: . Dr. Hodgins immediately gets along with Oliver, calling him his "Brother from another Mother". When he is stuck on a problem, Oliver likes to eat sticks of

text: string cheese

text: , even if eating inside the lab is against the rules. However, in the season 9, while he is brilliant, he is also shown to lack

text: tact

text: , and he is believed to have a bit of a

text: superiority complex

text: , much to everyone's dismay, has a rather abrasive personality, and is also one of the few interns who regularly (and often obliviously) gets on the nerves of Dr. Brennan and their boss Dr. Camille Saroyan. In the episode "

text: The Mystery in the Meat

text: ", he and Daisy are shown to dislike each other but eventually call a truce by the end of the episode.

text: Accounting,Advanced Integrated Industrial Technology (AiiT),Agriculture - Agricultural Business,Agriculture - Animal Science,Agriculture - Plant and Soil Science,Art,Biology,Business, Business Administration,Business Technical Certificate,Chemistry,Commercial Entertainment,Computed Tomography,Criminal Justice,Early Childhood Education,Economics-business,Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Engineering - Civil, Engineering - Mechanical,English,Exercise Science,Film Crew Technology,Foreign Language,General Technology,General Transfer,Geography,Graphic Design,Health Sciences,History,Humanities,Information Systems,Information Systems Technology,Mass Communication,Mathematics,Medical Informatics,Music,Nursing,Physics,Political Science,Pre-Health (Dentistry, Medicine, Pharmacy, Optometry, Veterinarian Medicine),Pre-Occupational Therapy,Pre-Physical Therapy,Psychology,Public Relations,Radiologic Technology,Respiratory Care,Social Work,Sociology,Speech Communication,Teaching: K-5,Theatre Arts,Veterinary Technology

text: Many governments are trying to deter people from smoking with anti-smoking campaigns in mass media stressing the harmful long-term effects of smoking. Passive smoking, or secondhand smoking, which affects people in the immediate vicinity of smokers, is a major reason for the enforcement of smoking bans. This is a law enforced to stop individuals smoking in indoor public places, such as bars, pubs and restaurants. The idea behind this is to discourage smoking by making it more inconvenient, and to stop harmful smoke being present in enclosed public spaces. A common concern among legislators is to discourage smoking among minors and many states have passed laws against selling tobacco products to underage customers (establishing a smoking age). Many developing countries have not adopted anti-smoking policies, leading some to call for anti-smoking campaigns and further education to explain the negative effects of ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) in developing countries.  Tobacco advertising is also sometimes regulated to make smoking less appealing.

text: Many governments are trying to deter people from smoking with anti-smoking campaigns in mass media stressing the harmful long-term effects of smoking.

text: Passive smoking

text: , or secondhand smoking, which affects people in the immediate vicinity of smokers, is a major reason for the enforcement of

text: smoking ban

text: s. This is a law enforced to stop individuals smoking in indoor public places, such as bars, pubs and restaurants. The idea behind this is to discourage smoking by making it more inconvenient, and to stop harmful smoke being present in enclosed public spaces. A common concern among legislators is to discourage smoking among minors and many states have passed laws against selling tobacco products to underage customers (establishing a

text: smoking age

text: ). Many developing countries have not adopted anti-smoking policies, leading some to call for anti-smoking campaigns and further education to explain the negative effects of ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) in developing countries.

text: Tobacco advertising

text: is also sometimes regulated to make smoking less appealing.

text: It may be difficult for people to maintain the necessary cleanliness if they do not have access to facilities such as public toilets with handwashing facilities.In the United Kingdom, the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 requires businesses to provide toilets for their employees, along with washing facilities including soap or other suitable means of cleaning. Guidance on how many toilets to provide and what sort of washing facilities should be provided alongside them is given in the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Approved Code of Practice and Guidance L24, available from Health and Safety Executive Books.But there is no legal obligation on local authorities in the United Kingdom to provide public toilets, and although in 2008 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Committee called for a duty on local authorities to develop a public toilet strategy this was rejected by the Government.

text: It may be difficult for people to maintain the necessary cleanliness if they do not have access to facilities such as public toilets with handwashing facilities.In the United Kingdom, the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 requires businesses to provide toilets for their employees, along with washing facilities including soap or other suitable means of cleaning. Guidance on how many toilets to provide and what sort of washing facilities should be provided alongside them is given in the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Approved Code of Practice and Guidance L24, available from Health and Safety Executive Books.But there is no legal obligation on local authorities in the United Kingdom to provide

text: public toilet

text: s, and although in 2008 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Committee called for a duty on local authorities to develop a public toilet strategy this was rejected by the Government.

text: Huckabee feels that the American health care system focuses too much on treatment and not enough on prevention. He says that America needs a "health" system, not just a "health care" system. He is a strong advocate of healthy living, encouraging Americans to exercise more and eat less.

text: The Pentateuch alludes to different grades of uncleanness, or defilement, to persons who come in contact with certain impurities (e.g. one of the eight dead vermin mentioned in Leviticus 11:29-30; seminal discharge; blood of menstruate women; carrion  &c.). The Sages of Israel have described the aforementioned sources of uncleanness as “fathers of uncleanness,” capable of conveying a first-grade uncleanness to people, or to vessels, or to foods and liquids that touch them or that carry them. They, in turn, convey uncleanness at a further remove to foods or to clothing touched by them. In the case of foods and clothing, they become second-grade uncleanness. By a rabbinic decree, all hands automatically suffer a second-grade uncleanness until washed. Likewise, hands that were not kept in readiness after washing and which touched a first-grade uncleanness, those hands alone become defiled unto the "pereq" (wrist), while the rest of his body remains ritually clean. All that is needed, therefore, is for him to wash his hands in water, and he removes thereby all uncleanness.

text: The

text: Pentateuch

text: alludes to different grades of uncleanness, or

text: defilement

text: , to persons who come in contact with certain impurities (e.g. one of the eight dead vermin mentioned in Leviticus 11:29-30; seminal discharge; blood of menstruate women; carrion  &c.). The Sages of Israel have described the aforementioned sources of uncleanness as “fathers of uncleanness,” capable of conveying a first-grade uncleanness to people, or to vessels, or to foods and liquids that touch them or that carry them. They, in turn, convey uncleanness at a further remove to foods or to clothing touched by them. In the case of foods and clothing, they become second-grade uncleanness. By a rabbinic decree, all hands automatically suffer a second-grade uncleanness until washed. Likewise, hands that were not kept in readiness after washing and which touched a first-grade uncleanness, those hands alone become defiled unto the "pereq" (wrist), while the rest of his body remains ritually clean. All that is needed, therefore, is for him to wash his hands in water, and he removes thereby all uncleanness.

text: Research from the UK indicates that there appears to be limited evidence available from which to draw general conclusions about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health because epidemiological studies have not incorporated sexuality as a factor in data collection.  Review of research that has been undertaken suggests that there are no differences in terms of major health problems between LGBT people and the general population, although LGBT people generally appear to experience poorer health, with no information on common and major diseases, cancers or long-term health. Mental health appears worse among LGBT people than among the general population, with depression, anxiety and suicide ideation being 2–3 times higher than the general population.  There appear to be higher rates of eating disorder and self-harm, but similar levels of obesity and domestic violence to the general population; lack of exercise and smoking appear more significant and drug use higher, while alcohol consumption is similar to the general population.  Polycystic ovaries and infertility were identified as being more common amongst lesbians than heterosexual women.  The research indicates noticeable barriers between LGB patients and health professionals, and the reasons suggested are homophobia, assumptions of heterosexuality, lack of knowledge, misunderstanding and over-caution; institutional barriers were identified as well, due to assumed heterosexuality, inappropriate referrals, lack of patient confidentiality, discontinuity of care, absence of LGBT-specific healthcare, lack of relevant psycho-sexual training.

text: The purpose is to prevent saliva from coming into contact with sacred books, images or other items.  It is often purported to be worn to reduce the chance of inhaling (and thus killing) small insects and other airborne life. Some Jains believe the destruction of even these tiny life forms is a violation of ahimsa, the principle of non-violence.  Whilst this may be one benefit of the use of muhapatti, it is not the initial reason for use. It is one of the accessories of sadhu in the practise of Dharma. It is one of many "health-giving concepts" woven into the Jain belief system. Murtipujaka monks and nuns also use the muhapatti when delivering a religious discourse.

text: The purpose is to prevent saliva from coming into contact with sacred books, images or other items.  It is often purported to be worn to reduce the chance of inhaling (and thus killing) small insects and other airborne life. Some

text: Jains

text: believe the destruction of even these tiny life forms is a violation of

text: ahimsa

text: , the principle of non-violence.  Whilst this may be one benefit of the use of muhapatti, it is not the initial reason for use. It is one of the accessories of

text: sadhu

text: in the practise of

text: Dharma

text: . It is one of many "health-giving concepts" woven into the Jain belief system.

text: Murtipujaka

text: monks and nuns also use the muhapatti when delivering a religious discourse.

text: Exercise bulimia is a subset of the psychological disorder called bulimia in which a person is compelled to exercise in an effort aimed at burning the calories of food energy and fat reserves to an excessive level that negatively affects their health. The damage normally occurs through not giving the body adequate rest for athletic recovery compared to their exercise levels, leading to increasing levels of disrepair. If the person eats a normally healthy and adequate diet but exercises in levels they know require higher levels of nutrition, this can also be seen as a form of anorexia.

text: Exercise bulimia is a subset of the

text: psychological disorder

text: called

text: bulimia

text: in which a person is compelled to exercise in an effort aimed at burning the

text: calories

text: of

text: food energy

text: and

text: fat reserves

text: to an excessive level that negatively affects their

text: health

text: . The damage normally occurs through not giving the body adequate

text: rest

text: for athletic recovery compared to their exercise levels, leading to increasing levels of disrepair. If the person eats a normally healthy and adequate diet but exercises in levels they know require higher levels of nutrition, this can also be seen as a form of

text: anorexia

text: Although specifics of the health hazards of tobacco use are not widely known, Syrian students tend to generally associate smoking the narghile with an increased risk in respiratory disease while mainly associating smoking cigarettes with an increased risk of cancer.

text: Although specifics of the health hazards of tobacco use are not widely known, Syrian students tend to generally associate smoking the narghile with an increased risk in

text: respiratory disease

text: while mainly associating smoking cigarettes with an increased risk of

text: cancer

text: Smoking is also linked to susceptibility to infectious diseases, particularly in the lungs. Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day increases the risk of  by two to four times, and being a current smoker has been linked to a fourfold increase in the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. It is believed that smoking increases the risk of these and other pulmonary and respiratory tract infections both through structural damage and through effects on the immune system. The effects on the immune system include an increase in CD4+ cell production attributable to nicotine, which has tentatively been linked to increased HIV susceptibility.

text: Smoking is also linked to susceptibility to infectious diseases, particularly in the lungs. Smoking more than 20

text: cigarette

text: s a day increases the risk of  by two to four times, and being a current smoker has been linked to a fourfold increase in the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. It is believed that smoking increases the risk of these and other pulmonary and respiratory tract infections both through structural damage and through effects on the immune system. The effects on the immune system include an increase in CD4+ cell production attributable to nicotine, which has tentatively been linked to increased HIV susceptibility.

text: In 2004, many promotoras (promoters) operated in Gulfton. These individuals are recruited from "hard-to-reach" communities and study health care from doctors and non-profit organizations and then return to their communities to educate people in health care practices. U.S. public health care programs adopted promotoras from the Latin American model, although its use in Gulfton varies some from the Latin American system. For example, promotoras in the U.S. cannot legally dispense medication.

text: Details of how the product should be packed and arranged to avoid contact with other items that are incompatible and could lead to a disaster if combined are also listed. Items that should be kept apart from each other could result in substantially greater risks as chemical compounds change properties once combined. It is necessary to consider all possible hazards (e.g. fire, reactivity, health) when developing safe handling procedures.

text: Bulimia nervosa, also known as simply bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. Binge eating refers to eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time. Purging refers to the attempts to get rid of the food consumed. This may be done by vomiting or taking laxatives. Other efforts to lose weight may include the use of diuretics, stimulants, water fasting, or excessive exercise. Most people with bulimia are at a normal weight. The forcing of vomiting may result in thickened skin on the knuckles and breakdown of the teeth. Bulimia is frequently associated with other mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and problems with drugs or alcohol. There is also a higher risk of suicide and self-harm.

text: Bulimia nervosa, also known as simply bulimia, is an

text: eating disorder

text: characterized by

text: binge eating

text: followed by purging. Binge eating refers to eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time. Purging refers to the attempts to get rid of the food consumed. This may be done by

text: vomiting

text: or taking

text: laxatives

text: . Other efforts to lose weight may include the use of

text: diuretic

text: s,

text: stimulant

text: s,

text: water fasting

text: , or excessive exercise. Most people with bulimia are at a normal weight. The forcing of vomiting may result in

text: thickened skin on the knuckles

text: and breakdown of the teeth. Bulimia is frequently associated with other

text: mental disorder

text: s such as

text: depression

text: anxiety

text: , and problems with drugs or alcohol. There is also a higher risk of

text: suicide

text: and

text: self-harm

text: To enable the absorption of sufficient amounts of water and heat, the expiratory stream of respiratory gas must be fully filtered through the HME. Leakages in the system, such as may be caused by bronchial fistulae, will render this system less effective. Other negative effects of this technology include increased secretions (i.e. mucus) and nosebleeds, either or which may clog an HME. In such cases, the application of active respiratory gas humidifiers is recommended.

text: DEFRA acknowledges that air pollution has a significant effect on health and has produced a simple banding index system that is used to create a daily warning system that is issued by the BBC Weather Service to indicate air pollution levels. DEFRA has published guidelines for people suffering from respiratory and heart diseases.

text: DEFRA acknowledges that air pollution has a significant effect on health and has produced a simple banding index system that is used to create a daily warning system that is issued by the

text: BBC

text: Weather Service to indicate air pollution levels. DEFRA has published guidelines for people suffering from respiratory and heart diseases.

text: In an address to the National Press Club on 30 September 1993, acknowledging the AMA's reputation for conservatism, he said he would not "lead the AMA safely", but believed doctors should "lead the way in showing that national progress can be made by placing the welfare and consideration of other human beings ahead of their own," asserting their obligation to speak out on issues for the public good. In the address, he advocated gay law reform, greater concern for the environment, more attention to Aboriginal and unemployed health, and greater co-operation between the medical profession and politicians of all sides to build a better health system. In November, he told a national Aboriginal conference in Sydney that he was ashamed of the medical profession's track record on Aboriginal health, arguing that "doctors need to ask themselves how a person can be well when they've been denied their land, their hunting grounds, their citizenship and freedom and even their own children. Of course Aboriginal people's health has suffered when you look at this litany of misery". As president, while personally opposing euthanasia, he supported the right of doctors to withdraw treatment from consenting critically ill patients, and supported euthanasia campaigner Philip Nitschke's case against the Royal Darwin Hospital.

text: In an address to the

text: National Press Club

text: on 30 September 1993, acknowledging the AMA's reputation for conservatism, he said he would not "lead the AMA safely", but believed doctors should "lead the way in showing that national progress can be made by placing the welfare and consideration of other human beings ahead of their own," asserting their obligation to speak out on issues for the public good. In the address, he advocated gay law reform, greater concern for the environment, more attention to Aboriginal and unemployed health, and greater co-operation between the medical profession and politicians of all sides to build a better health system. In November, he told a national Aboriginal conference in Sydney that he was ashamed of the medical profession's track record on Aboriginal health, arguing that "doctors need to ask themselves how a person can be well when they've been denied their land, their hunting grounds, their citizenship and freedom and even their own children. Of course Aboriginal people's health has suffered when you look at this litany of misery". As president, while personally opposing

text: euthanasia

text: , he supported the right of doctors to withdraw treatment from consenting critically ill patients, and supported euthanasia campaigner

text: Philip Nitschke

text: 's case against the

text: Royal Darwin Hospital

text: The health effects related to e-cigarette use is mostly unknown. The health effects on intensive e-cigarette users are unknown. The effect on population health from e-cigarettes is unknown. Smokefree.gov, a website run by the Tobacco Control Research Branch of the National Cancer Institute to provide information to help quit smoking, stated that "Since e-cigs aren’t regulated yet, there’s no way of knowing how much nicotine is in them or what other chemicals they contain. These two things make the safety of e-cigs unclear." The English National Health Service has stated, "While e-cigarettes may be safer than conventional cigarettes, we don’t yet know the long-term effects of vaping on the body." The American Diabetes Association states "There is no evidence that e-cigarettes are a healthier alternative to smoking." In August 2014, the Forum of International Respiratory Societies stated that e-cigarettes have not been demonstrated to be safe. Health Canada has stated that, "their safety, quality, and efficacy remain unknown." The National Institute on Drug Abuse stated that "There are currently no accepted measures to confirm their purity or safety, and the long-term health consequence of e-cigarette use remain unknown."

text: The

text: health effect

text: s related to e-cigarette use is mostly unknown. The health effects on intensive e-cigarette users are unknown. The effect on

text: population health

text: from e-cigarettes is unknown. Smokefree.gov, a website run by the Tobacco Control Research Branch of the

text: National Cancer Institute

text: to provide information to help quit smoking, stated that "Since e-cigs aren’t regulated yet, there’s no way of knowing how much nicotine is in them or what other chemicals they contain. These two things make the safety of e-cigs unclear." The

text: English National Health Service

text: has stated, "While e-cigarettes may be safer than conventional cigarettes, we don’t yet know the long-term effects of vaping on the body." The

text: American Diabetes Association

text: states "There is no evidence that e-cigarettes are a healthier alternative to smoking." In August 2014, the

text: Forum of International Respiratory Societies

text: stated that e-cigarettes have not been demonstrated to be safe.

text: Health Canada

text: has stated that, "their safety, quality, and efficacy remain unknown." The

text: National Institute on Drug Abuse

text: stated that "There are currently no accepted measures to confirm their purity or safety, and the long-term health consequence of e-cigarette use remain unknown."

text: Men's Health magazine has been criticized for its focus on physical health, which can increase men's anxieties about their bodies, making them more prone to eating disorders and compulsive over-exercising. Says The New York Times, "Since its debut in the late 1980's, the magazine has surpassed traditional men's books like Esquire and GQ by following the formula of best-selling women's magazines — by catering to men's anxieties about their bodies and sexual performance." Columbia Journalism Review stated the magazine "deals overwhelmingly with self-care and, in fact, exaggerates the possibilities for autonomous personal transformation." Then Editor-In-Chief Zinczenko argued that the magazine works towards "overcoming the resistance of the 86-percent male audience to health as a subject" and redefining health as "inclusive of everything that could improve a man's life. Great sex. Great food. Endorphin-boosting exercise. Looking and feeling your best. We turned health into a concept every guy would want to embrace, starting with the healthy guy on the cover."

text: Men's Health magazine has been criticized for its focus on physical health, which can increase men's anxieties about their bodies, making them more prone to

text: eating disorders

text: and

text: compulsive over-exercising

text: . Says

text: The New York Times

text: , "Since its debut in the late 1980's, the magazine has surpassed traditional men's books like Esquire and GQ by following the formula of best-selling women's magazines — by catering to men's anxieties about their bodies and sexual performance." Columbia Journalism Review stated the magazine "deals overwhelmingly with self-care and, in fact, exaggerates the possibilities for autonomous personal transformation." Then Editor-In-Chief Zinczenko argued that the magazine works towards "overcoming the resistance of the 86-percent male audience to health as a subject" and redefining health as "inclusive of everything that could improve a man's life. Great sex. Great food. Endorphin-boosting exercise. Looking and feeling your best. We turned health into a concept every guy would want to embrace, starting with the healthy guy on the cover."

text: Your Money or Your Health: America’s cruel, Bureaucratic, and Horrendously Expensive Health Care System

text: Some health care is private.  For example, most adults use private dental care, whereas the public system only treats people, for a normal fee, when they have free capacity. Health-related plastic surgery (like burn damage) is covered by the public system, while cosmetic surgery in general is private. There are a number of private psychologists, there are also some private general practice doctors and specialists.

text: At this time, several health and wellness companies brought resting and exercise-conditions measurements as a service to the end consumer, which helped shape sales and service teams to keep these systems online and ready for gym-goers and weight management clinics.

text: The purpose of the rings is that you put your first (or first two) fingers into these or, if no rings, under the flange, or, if no flange, your hand into the handle, palm upwards, you rotate your forearm both up and away, turning your wrist so as to rest the flagon on top of your crooked elbow raised nearly to the horizontal, and you can then turn your head and drink straight from the flagon by pulling down with your fingers and lifting your elbow. Where there are two or three spouts, this caters for right-hand or left-hand use, and means the head does not need to be turned so far.  The weight of the flagon is taken by the upper arm, and the control (by flexing shoulder and fingers) is very fine. The flagon was developed for a specific purpose: to take liquid refreshment (usually cider) out into the fields to sustain the agricultural laborers or perhaps, in Roman times, to refresh the rowers aboard ships.

text: When solids of two different materials are in contact, thermodynamic equilibrium requires one of the solids assume a higher electrical potential than the other. This is called the contact potential. Dissimilar metals in contact produce what is known also as a contact electromotive force or Galvani potential. The magnitude of this potential difference is often expressed as a difference in Fermi levels in the two solids when they are at charge neutrality, where the Fermi level (a name for the chemical potential of an electron system) describes the energy necessary to remove an electron from the body to some common point (such as ground). If there is an energy advantage in taking an electron from one body to the other, such a transfer will occur. The transfer causes a charge separation, with one body gaining electrons and the other losing electrons. This charge transfer causes a potential difference between the bodies, which partly cancels the potential originating from the contact, and eventually equilibrium is reached. At thermodynamic equilibrium, the Fermi levels are equal (the electron removal energy is identical) and there is now a built-in electrostatic potential between the bodies.The original difference in Fermi levels, before contact, is referred to as the emf.The contact potential cannot drive steady current through a load attached to its terminals because that current would involve a charge transfer. No mechanism exists to continue such transfer and, hence, maintain a current, once equilibrium is attained.

text: When solids of two different materials are in contact,

text: thermodynamic equilibrium

text: requires one of the solids assume a higher electrical potential than the other. This is called the contact potential. Dissimilar metals in contact produce what is known also as a contact electromotive force or

text: Galvani potential

text: . The magnitude of this potential difference is often expressed as a difference in

text: Fermi level

text: s in the two solids when they are at charge neutrality, where the Fermi level (a name for the

text: chemical potential

text: of an electron system) describes the energy necessary to remove an electron from the body to some common point (such as ground). If there is an energy advantage in taking an electron from one body to the other, such a transfer will occur. The transfer causes a charge separation, with one body gaining electrons and the other losing electrons. This charge transfer causes a potential difference between the bodies, which partly cancels the potential originating from the contact, and eventually equilibrium is reached. At thermodynamic equilibrium, the

text: Fermi level

text: s are equal (the electron removal energy is identical) and there is now a built-in electrostatic potential between the bodies.The original difference in Fermi levels, before contact, is referred to as the emf.The contact potential cannot drive steady current through a load attached to its terminals because that current would involve a charge transfer. No mechanism exists to continue such transfer and, hence, maintain a current, once equilibrium is attained.

text: Smoke, ash, and debris can also pose serious respiratory hazards to wildland fire fighters. The smoke and dust from wildfires can contain gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and formaldehyde, as well as particulates such as ash and silica. To reduce smoke exposure, wildfire fighting crews should, whenever possible, rotate firefighters through areas of heavy smoke, avoid downwind firefighting, use equipment rather than people in holding areas, and minimize mop-up. Camps and command posts should also be located upwind of wildfires. Protective clothing and equipment can also help minimize exposure to smoke and ash.

text: Smoke, ash, and debris can also pose serious respiratory hazards to wildland fire fighters. The smoke and dust from wildfires can contain gases such as

text: carbon monoxide

text: sulfur dioxide

text: and

text: formaldehyde

text: , as well as

text: particulates

text: such as

text: ash

text: and

text: silica

text: . To reduce smoke exposure, wildfire fighting crews should, whenever possible, rotate firefighters through areas of heavy smoke, avoid downwind firefighting, use equipment rather than people in holding areas, and minimize mop-up. Camps and command posts should also be located upwind of wildfires. Protective clothing and equipment can also help minimize exposure to smoke and ash.

text: People can breathe in vegetable oil mist in the workplace. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for vegetable oil mist exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 10 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday.

text: People can breathe in vegetable oil mist in the workplace. The U.S.

text: (OSHA) has set the legal limit (

text: Permissible exposure limit

text: ) for vegetable oil mist exposure in the workplace as 15 mg/m total exposure and 5 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. The U.S.

text: (NIOSH) has set a

text: recommended exposure limit

text: Positive emotions not only have physical outcomes but also physiological ones. Some physiological outcomes caused by humor include improvements in immune system functioning and increases in levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, a vital system antibody, which serves as the body’s first line of defense in respiratory illnesses. Moreover, other health outcomes include faster injury recovery rate and lower readmission rates to hospitals for the elderly, and reductions in a patient’s stay in the hospital, among many other benefits. A study was done on positive emotions in trait-resilient individuals and the cardiovascular recovery rate following negative emotions felt by those individuals. The results of the study showed that trait-resilient individuals experiencing positive emotions had an acceleration in the speed in rebounding from cardiovascular activation initially generated by negative emotional arousal, i.e. heart rate and the like.

text: Positive emotions not only have physical outcomes but also physiological ones. Some physiological outcomes caused by humor include improvements in immune system functioning and increases in levels of salivary

text: immunoglobulin A

text: , a vital system antibody, which serves as the body’s first line of defense in respiratory illnesses. Moreover, other health outcomes include faster injury recovery rate and lower readmission rates to hospitals for the elderly, and reductions in a patient’s stay in the hospital, among many other benefits. A study was done on positive emotions in trait-resilient individuals and the cardiovascular recovery rate following negative emotions felt by those individuals. The results of the study showed that trait-resilient individuals experiencing positive emotions had an acceleration in the speed in rebounding from cardiovascular activation initially generated by negative emotional arousal, i.e. heart rate and the like.

text: Because of the effect that strengthened and Hypertrophied muscles have on appearance (a stronger muscle has larger cross-section), EMS is also used by a niche of practitioners for aesthetics goals. The FDA rejects certification of devices that claim weight reduction. EMS devices cause a calorie burning that is marginal at best: calories are burnt in significant amount only when most of the body is involved in physical exercise: several muscles, the heart and the respiratory system are all engaged at once. However, some authors imply that EMS can lead to exercise, since a person toning his/her muscles with electrical stimulation is more likely afterwardsto participate in sporting activities as the body is ready, fit, willing and able to take on physical activity. In EMS training few muscular groups are targeted at the same time, for specific training goals. The effectiveness of the devices for sport training has been debated. A number of coaches regularly use professional EMS devices as an integral part of the training of their athletes; some of these are high profile coaches, such as track coach Charlie Francis, who used the technique to supplement the training of Olympic-level athletes.

text: Because of the effect that strengthened and Hypertrophied muscles have on appearance (a stronger muscle has larger cross-section), EMS is also used by a niche of practitioners for aesthetics goals. The FDA rejects certification of devices that claim weight reduction. EMS devices cause a calorie burning that is marginal at best: calories are burnt in significant amount only when most of the body is involved in physical exercise: several muscles, the heart and the respiratory system are all engaged at once. However, some authors imply that EMS can lead to exercise, since a person toning his/her muscles with electrical stimulation is more likely afterwardsto participate in sporting activities as the body is ready, fit, willing and able to take on physical activity. In EMS training few muscular groups are targeted at the same time, for specific training goals. The effectiveness of the devices for sport training has been debated. A number of coaches regularly use professional EMS devices as an integral part of the training of their athletes; some of these are high profile coaches, such as track coach

text: Charlie Francis

text: , who used the technique to supplement the training of Olympic-level athletes.

text: Sometime in late 2014/early 2015, Rob suffered a mild stroke. He's since recovered, and in April 2015, said he was feeling better after adopting a healthier lifestyle, in which he gave up drinking and began eating better. "I had to change my health regimen and how I eat. That's it. I'm exercising and trying to keep it up," said Rob. "I don't drink no more."

text: Infection control addresses factors related to the spread of infections within the healthcare setting (whether patient-to-patient, from patients to staff and from staff to patients, or among-staff), including prevention (via hand hygiene/hand washing, cleaning/disinfection/sterilization, vaccination, surveillance), monitoring/investigation of demonstrated or suspected spread of infection within a particular health-care setting (surveillance and outbreak investigation), and management (interruption of outbreaks).  It is on this basis that the common title being adopted within health care is "infection prevention and control."

text: The episode begins with the narrator explaining how your player is on vacation. Mother, the head of The Blue Toad Agency, is said to have sent you to Little Riddle, a village described to be quite peaceful and comfortable. When the player arrives at the station via train, he/she sees a member of the station staff (the Station Master) locked in a rather one-sided conversation with an old lady. The Station Master notices your approach and seems to recognize you from the newspaper, as a picture of the Blue Toad Agency members is on the front. The player then has to explain to the Station Master who is who by completing a puzzle. After you are finished, you head off to the town hall, where you meet the Mayor. Halfway through the conversation, the Mayor is shot and his body falls in front of you. You then notice that the Mayor has dropped a diary and pick it up. Soon, a constable arrives at the scene, shocked to hear and see that the Mayor is dead. Your player then deciphers the diary via puzzle and learns that the Mayor had been in heated arguments with four people: The Doctor, The Jeweler, The Miller, and The Station Master. After this, you decide to visit these four suspects (the order of your visit to each person may vary); from the Doctor, you learn that the chemist misread his prescription, which is why the Mayor was given the wrong pills; from the Jeweler, you learn (after calculating how much the Mayor paid) that the Mayor still owed the Jeweler money; from the Miller, you learn that the Mayor had forgotten his appointment with the Miller, in which the Miller had wanted to get his Mill repaired; and finally, from the Station Master, you learn that the Mayor and him had argued about a tea room but the Mayor had promised to look into the matter again. You try to talk to the Town Hall Clerk, but you find Inspector Bragg, an officer who doesn't like you investigating, already questioning her. Tired, you then check into the Little Riddle Hotel (after completing a puzzle) before heading off to the pub. At the pub, you help the bar maid fix the pub's pipe problem, and then chase down a shadowy figure who you know is spying on you. The figure is revealed to be the Constable, sent by Inspector Bragg to keep an eye on you. In the morning, you think that the old lady that you saw at the station might help you know more about the Mayor and learn from the Hotel Manager that her name is Mrs. Gossip. Your visit to Mrs. Gossip's cottage is pointless and is of no help. When you meet the Town Hall Clerk, she tells you about each of the four suspect's conversations with the Mayor and also points out that the Miller had no appointment. At the end of the episode, it is revealed that the Miller was the Mayor's murderer but as your player and Inspector Bragg question him, he too is shot before he can reveal his allies.

text: An overly upbeat anti-smoking music group called Butt Out, which incorporates elements of dance and hip-hop into its routine, performs at South Park Elementary. The boys are put off by the annoying unoriginality and condescendingly sentimental nature of the performance, in which the performers proclaim they can be "just like us" if they refuse to smoke. The boys take this literally and go behind the school to start binge smoking, which they do despite it causing them to cough furiously. When their school counselor Mr. Mackey approaches, the boys discard their still-lit cigarettes into a nearby dumpster, which causes a fire that burns down the entire school. When the boys are brought before the principal and their parents, the adults are initially enraged and ashamed, not at the school burning down, but at the boys smoking (in fact, the school burning down is never acknowledged by either the principal or the parents). They then convince themselves that the blame lies with the tobacco companies, whose advertising campaigns have influenced the children. The boys happily transfer the blame to avoid punishment, but Kyle recognizes the pattern of a South Park storyline and unsuccessfully tries to get his friends to avoid the coming calamity. The town summons celebrity spokesperson Rob Reiner to combat the spread of smoking among children in South Park. Despite the fact that Reiner is vehemently against smoking and willing to tell everyone how unhealthy it is, he is portrayed as extremely gluttonous and disrespectful to those who do not share his viewpoints, constantly eating junk food and taking pride on imposing his will on others. Cartman, however, comes to look up to Reiner precisely because of this.

text: An overly upbeat anti-smoking music group called Butt Out, which incorporates elements of

text: dance

text: and

text: hip-hop

text: into its routine, performs at South Park Elementary. The boys are put off by the annoying unoriginality and condescendingly sentimental nature of the performance, in which the performers proclaim they can be "just like us" if they refuse to smoke. The boys take this literally and go behind the school to start binge smoking, which they do despite it causing them to cough furiously. When their school counselor

text: Mr. Mackey

text: approaches, the boys discard their still-lit cigarettes into a nearby dumpster, which causes a fire that burns down the entire school. When the boys are brought before the principal and their parents, the adults are initially enraged and ashamed, not at the school burning down, but at the boys smoking (in fact, the school burning down is never acknowledged by either the principal or the parents). They then convince themselves that the blame lies with the tobacco companies, whose advertising campaigns have influenced the children. The boys happily transfer the blame to avoid punishment, but Kyle recognizes the pattern of a South Park storyline and unsuccessfully tries to get his friends to avoid the coming calamity. The town summons celebrity spokesperson

text: Rob Reiner

text: to combat the spread of smoking among children in South Park. Despite the fact that Reiner is vehemently against smoking and willing to tell everyone how unhealthy it is, he is portrayed as extremely

text: gluttonous

text: and disrespectful to those who do not share his viewpoints, constantly eating

text: junk food

text: and taking pride on imposing his will on others.

text: Cartman

text: , however, comes to look up to Reiner precisely because of this.

text: The Belgians enjoy good health. According to 2012 estimates, the average life expectancy is 79.65 years. Since 1960, life expectancy has, in line with the European average, grown by two months per year. Death in Belgium is mainly due to heart and vascular disorders, neoplasms, disorders of the respiratory system and unnatural causes of death (accidents, suicide). Non-natural causes of death and cancer are the most common causes of death for females up to age 24 and males up to age 44.

text: The Belgians enjoy good health. According to 2012 estimates, the average life expectancy is 79.65 years. Since 1960, life expectancy has, in line with the European average, grown by two months per year. Death in Belgium is mainly due to heart and vascular disorders,

text: neoplasm

text: s, disorders of the respiratory system and unnatural causes of death (accidents, suicide). Non-natural causes of death and cancer are the most common causes of death for females up to age 24 and males up to age 44.

text: Videos surfaced showing a portion of a speech by Aristide on 27 August 1991, which took place just after army and death squad members attempted to assassinate him, where he says "Don't hesitate to give him what he deserves. What a beautiful tool! What a beautiful instrument! What a beautiful piece of equipment! It's beautiful, yes it's beautiful, it's cute, it's pretty, it has a good smell, wherever you go you want to inhale it." Critics allege that he was endorsing the practice of "necklacing" opposition activists – placing a gasoline-soaked tire around a person's neck and setting the tire ablaze – It appears though he was actually speaking about people using the constitution to empower themselves. Earlier in the speech he is quoted as saying "Your tool in hand, your instrument in hand, your constitution in hand! Don't hesitate to give him what he deserves. Your equipment in hand, your trowel in hand, your pencil in hand, your Constitution in hand, don't hesitate to give him what he deserves."

text: Videos surfaced showing a portion of a speech by Aristide on 27 August 1991, which took place just after army and death squad members attempted to assassinate him, where he says "Don't hesitate to give him what he deserves. What a beautiful tool! What a beautiful instrument! What a beautiful piece of equipment! It's beautiful, yes it's beautiful, it's cute, it's pretty, it has a good smell, wherever you go you want to inhale it." Critics allege that he was endorsing the practice of "

text: necklacing

text: " opposition activists – placing a gasoline-soaked tire around a person's neck and setting the tire ablaze – It appears though he was actually speaking about people using the constitution to empower themselves. Earlier in the speech he is quoted as saying "Your tool in hand, your instrument in hand, your constitution in hand! Don't hesitate to give him what he deserves. Your equipment in hand, your trowel in hand, your pencil in hand, your Constitution in hand, don't hesitate to give him what he deserves."

text: Over the years, the Men’s Octet has been cited in several California Bay Area publications such as The Daily Review, the San Jose Mercury News,  and the Contra Costa Times.The Men’s Octet has also made several appearances in other media.  From annual appearances on the San Francisco/San Jose radio station KFOG to appearing on the WCAU News in Philadelphia, the Men’s Octet have been heard nationwide.  The Octet has even recorded a public health service announcement with the California Department of Health Services entitled “Wash Your Hands” as part of the Immunization Branch’s campaign against the spread of the flu. The group also recorded a nationally aired radio commercial for Coors beer to promote "The Pigskin Can".

text: Over the years, the Men’s Octet has been cited in several California Bay Area publications such as The Daily Review, the San Jose Mercury News,  and the Contra Costa Times.The Men’s Octet has also made several appearances in other media.  From annual appearances on the San Francisco/San Jose radio station

text: KFOG

text: to appearing on the

text: WCAU

text: News in

text: Philadelphia

text: , the Men’s Octet have been heard nationwide.  The Octet has even recorded a public health service announcement with the California Department of Health Services entitled “Wash Your Hands” as part of the Immunization Branch’s campaign against the spread of the flu. The group also recorded a nationally aired radio commercial for Coors beer to promote "The Pigskin Can".

text: Basrur became the Medical Officer of Health for the East York Health Unit until East York was merged into the city of Toronto in 1998, when she became the first Medical Officer of Health for the new amalgamated city. She was widely hailed for her work during the 2003 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Toronto, appearing in numerous television interviews on international networks, such as CNN. Her other accomplishments included Canada's first city program that required restaurants to post health inspection results in their windows, post-9/11 bioterrorism preparation plans, and a city-wide ban on cigarette smoking in 2004.

text: Basrur became the Medical Officer of Health for the

text: East York

text: Health Unit until East York was merged into the city of Toronto in 1998, when she became the first

text: Medical Officer of Health for the new amalgamated city

text: . She was widely hailed for her work during the 2003

text: Severe acute respiratory syndrome

text: (SARS) outbreak in Toronto, appearing in numerous television interviews on international networks, such as

text: CNN

text: . Her other accomplishments included Canada's first city program that required restaurants to post health inspection results in their windows, post-9/11 bioterrorism preparation plans, and a city-wide ban on cigarette smoking in 2004.

text: There has been a  limited amount of studies that have looked at the effects of smoking cannabis on the respiratory system.  Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, coughing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Regular cannabis use has not been shown to cause significant abnormalities in lung function.

text: There has been a  limited amount of studies that have looked at the

text: effects of smoking cannabis

text: on the respiratory system.  Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, coughing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Regular cannabis use has not been shown to cause significant abnormalities in lung function.

text: When washing hands, the user’s hands are placed under the nozzle and before the sensor. The activated sensor will further activate a pump that dispenses a premeasured amount of soap from the nozzle.

text: When washing hands, the user’s hands are placed under the nozzle and before the sensor. The activated sensor will further activate a

text: pump

text: that dispenses a premeasured amount of soap from the nozzle.

text: Eating People: In his performance art piece Eating People, Zhu photographs himself cooking and eating a human fetus that he divided into five parts. Zhu says that “I herewith announce my intention and my aim to eat people as a protest against mankind’s moral idea that he/she cannot eat people.”  In further response to Zhu’s bold performance, The Ministry of Culture cited a menace to social order and the spiritual health of the Chinese people, and banned exhibitions involving culture, animal abuse, corpses, and overt violence and sexuality. However, this piece did not even appear at the exhibit; The night before the exhibition, Ai Weiwei collaborated with Zhu and the photographs were removed from the gallery. This piece was thought particularly controversial, and organizers did not want to risk government censorship for the rest of the exhibit. The response to this work stemmed from its appearance on the internet shortly after. Eating People appeared in Malaysia's Perdan Weekly without caption and generated the question of whether eating babies was accepted in Asia on various myth-debunking websites.

text: Although all of the described adaptations in the body to maintain homeostatic balance during exercise are very important, the most essential factor is the involvement of the respiratory system. The respiratory system allows for the proper exchange and transport of gases to and from the lungs while being able to control the ventilation rate through neural and chemical impulses. In addition, the body is able to efficiently use the three energy systems which include the phosphagen system, the glycolytic system, and the oxidative system.

text: Although all of the described adaptations in the body to maintain

text: homeostatic

text: balance during exercise are very important, the most essential factor is the involvement of the

text: respiratory system

text: . The respiratory system allows for the proper exchange and transport of gases to and from the lungs while being able to control the ventilation rate through neural and chemical impulses. In addition, the body is able to efficiently use the three energy systems which include the

text: phosphagen

text: system, the

text: glycolytic

text: system, and the

text: oxidative

text: system.

text:
Then come the doctor, the worst of them all,
Saying, "What's been the matter with you all the fall?"
He says he will cure you of all your disease.
When your money he's got, you can die if you please,
And it's hard, hard times.

text: In their analysis of Tsavo and general man-eating, Kerbis Peterhans and Gnoske acknowledge that sick or injured animals may be more prone to man-eating, but that the behaviour is "not unusual, nor necessarily 'aberrant'" where the opportunity exists; if inducements such as access to livestock or human corpses are present, lions will regularly prey upon human beings. The authors note that the relationship is well-attested among other pantherines and primates in the paleontological record.

text: Atmospheric particulate matter was the form of air pollutant that predominantly contributed to the haze and degradation in ambient air quality standards during this crisis. In all countries affected by the smoke haze, an increase of acute health outcomes was observed. Health effects; included emergency room visits due to respiratory symptoms such as asthma, upper respiratory infection, decreased lung function as well as eye and skin irritation, were caused mainly by this particulate matter. In Singapore, for instance, health surveillance showed a 30% increase in hospital attendance due to air quality related symptoms. Generally, children and the elderly, as well as those with pre-existing respiratory and cardiac diseases were the most susceptible to adverse health outcomes from the haze exposure. The smoke haze episode has added to the urban and industrial air pollution in Southeast Asia, causing it to reach alarming levels in many metropolitan areas.

text: Atmospheric particulate matter

text: was the form of air pollutant that predominantly contributed to the haze and degradation in ambient air quality standards during this crisis. In all countries affected by the smoke

text: haze

text: , an increase of acute health outcomes was observed. Health effects; included emergency room visits due to respiratory symptoms such as

text: asthma

text: upper respiratory infection

text: , decreased lung function as well as eye and skin irritation, were caused mainly by this

text: particulate matter

text: . In Singapore, for instance, health surveillance showed a 30% increase in hospital attendance due to air quality related symptoms. Generally, children and the elderly, as well as those with pre-existing respiratory and

text: cardiac disease

text: s were the most susceptible to adverse health outcomes from the

text: haze

text: exposure. The smoke haze episode has added to the urban and industrial air pollution in

text: Southeast Asia

text: , causing it to reach alarming levels in many metropolitan areas.

text: In Australia and the United Kingdom, clinical physiology is not a medical specialty for physicians. Rather, clinical physiologist is a term used in these systems to refer to an allied health professional, scientist, or technologist who may work as a cardiac scientist, vascular scientist, respiratory scientist, sleep scientist or in Ophthalmic and Vision Science as an Ophthalmic Science Practitioner (UK).  These professionals also aid in the diagnosis of disease and manage patients, with an emphasis on understanding physiological and pathophysiological pathways.

text: Although there have been hundreds of studies on exercise and the immune system, there is little direct evidence on its connection to illness. Epidemiological evidence suggests that moderate exercise has a beneficial effect on the human immune system; an effect which is modeled in a J curve. Moderate exercise has been associated with a 29% decreased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), but studies of marathon runners found that their prolonged high-intensity exercise was associated with an increased risk of infection occurrence. However, another study did not find the effect. Immune cell functions are impaired following acute sessions of prolonged, high-intensity exercise, and some studies have found that athletes are at a higher risk for infections. Studies have shown that strenuous stress for long durations, such as training for a marathon, can suppress the immune system by decreasing the concentration of lymphocytes. The immune systems of athletes and nonathletes are generally similar. Athletes may have slightly elevated natural killer cell count and cytolytic action, but these are unlikely to be clinically significant.

text: Although there have been hundreds of studies on exercise and the

text: immune system

text: , there is little direct evidence on its connection to illness.

text: Epidemiological

text: evidence suggests that moderate exercise has a beneficial effect on the human

text: immune system

text: ; an effect which is modeled in a

text: J curve

text: . Moderate exercise has been associated with a 29% decreased incidence of

text: upper respiratory tract infection

text: s (URTI), but studies of marathon runners found that their prolonged high-intensity exercise was associated with an increased risk of infection occurrence. However, another study did not find the effect. Immune cell functions are impaired following acute sessions of prolonged, high-intensity exercise, and some studies have found that athletes are at a higher risk for infections. Studies have shown that strenuous stress for long durations, such as training for a marathon, can suppress the immune system by decreasing the concentration of lymphocytes. The immune systems of athletes and nonathletes are generally similar. Athletes may have slightly elevated

text: natural killer cell

text: count and cytolytic action, but these are unlikely to be clinically significant.

text: Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type I or Type II, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level. The definition of respiratory failure in clinical trials usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and  evidence of increased work of breathing.

text: Respiratory failure results from inadequate

text: gas exchange

text: by the

text: respiratory system

text: , meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in blood is known as

text: hypoxemia

text: ; a rise in arterial

text: carbon dioxide

text: levels is called

text: hypercapnia

text: . Respiratory failure is classified as either Type I or Type II, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level. The definition of respiratory failure in clinical trials usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and  evidence of increased work of breathing.

text: In 1962 a report published by the British Royal College of Physicians, Smoking and Health, revealed findings which linked smoking with respiratory disease. The publication of the report led to the 1965 ban on cigarette advertising on television, and in 1987, a statement from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain ordered that British pharmacies "should not sell tobacco or tobacco products, including cigarettes containing tobacco, from registered pharmacy premises". It was still possible to buy cigarettes from pharmacies in Britain until 2001. Tobacco products may be purchased in British supermarkets which may also include a pharmacy aisle on the same premises; however, tobacco must be sold from a separate kiosk and, following the Health Act 2009, tobacco products may not be displayed openly but held in a closed cabinet or under a counter.

text: In 1962 a report published by the British

text: Royal College of Physicians

text: , Smoking and Health, revealed findings which linked smoking with respiratory disease. The publication of the report led to the 1965 ban on cigarette advertising on television, and in 1987, a statement from the

entity_name: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

text: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

text: ordered that British pharmacies "should not sell tobacco or tobacco products, including cigarettes containing tobacco, from registered pharmacy premises". It was still possible to buy cigarettes from pharmacies in Britain until 2001. Tobacco products may be purchased in British

text: supermarket

text: s which may also include a pharmacy aisle on the same premises; however, tobacco must be sold from a separate kiosk and, following the

text: Health Act 2009

text: , tobacco products may not be displayed openly but held in a closed cabinet or under a counter.

text: And, as the rates of smoking among people in developed countries are on a slow decline, smoking rates among middle and low-income countries are increasing. particularly affects women within developing regions because they are most at risk when male cigarette use is high. Recent statistics show that about 70% of tobacco users live in developing countries, and about half of the men in these countries are smokers. Although women are not mainly the ones to smoke, they are still exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). When among men who smoke, the risks of passive smoking increase for women whether they are at home or at work. When referring back to the gender-specific effects of smoking on women, we know that smoking and second-hand smoke not only affects the female body but had detrimental results on the health of their children. This issue is compounded in developing nations that may already have limited medical care for women.

text: Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases and health conditions including respiratory infections, heart disease, COPD, stroke and lung cancer. The health effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing, asthma and worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. These effects can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics.The most common sources of air pollution include particulates, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. Children aged less than five years that live in developing countries are the most vulnerable population in terms of total deaths attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution.

text: Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of

text: pollution-related diseases

text: and health conditions including respiratory infections, heart disease,

text: COPD

text: , stroke and lung cancer. The health effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing,

text: asthma

text: and worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. These effects can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics.The most common sources of air pollution include particulates, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. Children aged less than five years that live in developing countries are the most vulnerable population in terms of total deaths attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution.

text: In April 2011, a review article in the New England Journal of Medicine discussed the health consequences of the spill.  According to the review, at high doses some crude-oil components cause respiratory, hepatic (liver), renal (urinary system), endocrine (hormonal system), neurologic, hematologic (vascular system), and other systemic effects, while even very low doses can cause mutagenic effects, with cancer  of particular concern. The carcinogens of concern in crude oil are benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are present in oil and in the air as a result of offshore controlled burning of crude oil.  During the 2010 BP/Deepwater Horizon Gulf oil spill, an estimated one of every 20 barrels of spilled oil was deliberately burned off.Routes of exposure include contact and inhalation. The EPA obtained hundreds of air samples during the spill and a review showed that none of the samples showed concentrations of benzene or other volatile organic hydrocarbons to be above health-based standards. However, the review noted that "although the monitoring was extensive, no monitoring scheme could cover all potentially affected locales".

text: In April 2011, a

text: review article

text: in the

text: New England Journal of Medicine

text: discussed the health consequences of the spill.  According to the review, at high doses some crude-oil components cause respiratory, hepatic (liver), renal (urinary system), endocrine (hormonal system), neurologic, hematologic (vascular system), and other systemic effects, while even very low doses can cause

text: mutagenic

text: effects, with cancer  of particular concern. The carcinogens of concern in crude oil are benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are present in oil and in the air as a result of offshore controlled burning of crude oil.  During the 2010 BP/Deepwater Horizon Gulf oil spill, an estimated one of every 20 barrels of spilled oil was deliberately burned off.Routes of exposure include contact and inhalation. The EPA obtained hundreds of air samples during the spill and a review showed that none of the samples showed concentrations of benzene or other volatile organic hydrocarbons to be above health-based standards. However, the review noted that "although the monitoring was extensive, no monitoring scheme could cover all potentially affected locales".

text: It is prevalent in parts of Africa  and Asia  where eating snake meat is common. In Africa it has also been associated with groups who use the snake as a totem . Unlike linguatuliasis, humans are only ever an accidental intermediate host for Armillifer, i.e. the larvae establish themselves in the visceral organs causing human visceral pentastomiasis, but adults do not occur in the human respiratory system. After a while the larvae die within the host and sometimes calcify, leaving characteristic crescent-shaped structures seen in X-ray . In extreme cases a heavy parasite burden can have serious medical consequences  and can even be fatal .

text: The tars and smoke produced from carbonization, although not directly poisonous, may have long-term damaging effects on the respiratory system. Housing areas should, where possible, be located so that prevailing winds carry smoke from charcoal operations away from them and batteries of kilns should not be located in close proximity to housing areas.

text: Hans Rudolph left quite a legacy in the design and production of respiratory equipment and supplies.  Hans, John, Kevin and Kelly built upon the research of Hans to design CPAP and BIPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure) masks to allow persons with sleep apnea to get better rest and maintain better health.  In recent years, CPAP and BIPAP have been proven to help with a number of ailments, aside from sleep apnea.

text: Hans Rudolph left quite a legacy in the design and production of respiratory equipment and supplies.  Hans, John, Kevin and Kelly built upon the research of Hans to design CPAP and BIPAP (

text: bilevel positive airway pressure

text: ) masks to allow persons with sleep apnea to get better rest and maintain better health.  In recent years, CPAP and BIPAP have been proven to help with a number of ailments, aside from sleep apnea.

text: After departure, Flight 8501 was in contact with the Jakarta Area Control Centre (callsign: "Jakarta Centre"), which provides air traffic control (ATC) service over the western Java Sea, and flying along air route M635, when it approached a line of thunderstorms off the southwest coast of Borneo. At 06:12, Flight 8501 was flying at flight level 320—approximately —when the cockpit requested and received permission to deviate left from its original flight path to avoid these storms. The pilot then requested to climb to flight level 380, which was deferred by ATC because of other aircraft in the vicinity. AirNav Indonesia, which operates the Jakarta Area Control Centre, reported that Jakarta Centre then cleared Flight 8501 to flight level 340 at 06:14, but no response was received; other aircraft in the vicinity were asked to contact Flight 8501, but also did not receive a response.

text: After departure, Flight 8501 was in contact with the Jakarta

text: Area Control Centre

text: callsign

text: : "Jakarta Centre"), which provides

text: air traffic control

text: (ATC) service over the western Java Sea, and flying along

text: air route

text: M635, when it approached a line of thunderstorms off the southwest coast of

text: Borneo

text: . At 06:12, Flight 8501 was flying at

text: flight level

text: 320—approximately —when the cockpit requested and received permission to deviate left from its original flight path to avoid these storms. The pilot then requested to climb to flight level 380, which was deferred by ATC because of other aircraft in the vicinity.

text: AirNav Indonesia

text: , which operates the Jakarta Area Control Centre, reported that Jakarta Centre then cleared Flight 8501 to flight level 340 at 06:14, but no response was received; other aircraft in the vicinity were asked to contact Flight 8501, but also did not receive a response.

text: When inhaled or ingested, sufficient quantities of toxaphene can damage the lungs, nervous system, and kidneys, and may cause death. The major health effects of toxaphene involve central nervous system stimulation leading to convulsive seizures.  The dose necessary to induce nonfatal convulsions in humans is about 10 milligrams per kilogram body weight per day. Several deaths linked to toxaphene have been documented in which an unknown quantity of toxaphene was ingested intentionally or accidentally from food contamination.  The deaths are attributed to respiratory failure resulting from seizures. Chronic inhalation exposure in humans results in reversible respiratory toxicity.

text: When inhaled or ingested, sufficient quantities of toxaphene can damage the

text: lungs

text: nervous system

text: , and

text: kidneys

text: , and may cause

text: death

text: . The major health effects of toxaphene involve central nervous system stimulation leading to convulsive

text: seizures

text: .  The dose necessary to induce nonfatal convulsions in humans is about 10 milligrams per kilogram body weight per day. Several deaths linked to toxaphene have been documented in which an unknown quantity of toxaphene was ingested intentionally or accidentally from food contamination.  The deaths are attributed to

text: respiratory

text: failure resulting from seizures. Chronic inhalation exposure in humans results in reversible respiratory toxicity.

text: McPartland’s political interests include health care, with a particular focus on cancer treatment and respiratory diseases; education, science and technology, including satellite technology; international trade; policing; addiction treatment; urban regeneration and government procurement of IT projects.

text: "Hands Clean," written, composed, and produced entirely by Alanis Morissette, features a shuffling, largely acoustic-rock framework and a "pure-pop" hook. It is written in the key of G major, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. The introduction follows the chord progression of C–D–G/B–C that repeats throughout the song except for the bridge that is Em-C-G-D two times. Morissette's vocal range spans from the low-note of G4 to the high-note of G6. The narrative voice of the song alternates; the verses are written from the presumed viewpoint of the other person in a relationship, an older man talking to a younger lover ("If it weren't for your maturity none of this would have happened/If you weren't so wise beyond your years I would've been able to control myself" [...] "I know you depend on me like a young thing would to a guardian/I know you sexualize me like a young thing would and I think I like it"), whereas the chorus and bridge represent her own feelings ("We'll fast forward to a few years later/And no one knows except the both of us/And I have honored your request for silence/And you've washed your hands clean of this").

text: "Hands Clean," written, composed, and produced entirely by

text: Alanis Morissette

text: , features a shuffling, largely acoustic-rock framework and a "pure-pop" hook. It is written in the key of

text: G major

text: , with a moderate tempo of 96

text: beats per minute

text: . The

text: introduction

text: follows the

text: chord progression

text: of C–D–G/B–C that repeats throughout the song except for the

text: bridge

text: that is Em-C-G-D two times. Morissette's vocal range spans from the low-note of

text: to the high-note of

text: . The

text: narrative

text: voice of the song alternates; the

text: verses

text: are written from the presumed viewpoint of the other person in a relationship, an older man talking to a younger lover ("If it weren't for your maturity none of this would have happened/If you weren't so wise beyond your years I would've been able to control myself" [...] "I know you depend on me like a young thing would to a guardian/I know you sexualize me like a young thing would and I think I like it"), whereas the chorus and bridge represent her own feelings ("We'll fast forward to a few years later/And no one knows except the both of us/And I have honored your request for silence/And you've washed your hands clean of this").

text: On May 11, Muliaga was sent home from Auckland's Middlemore Hospital suffering from terminal cardiomyopathy, after being in hospital since late March. Doctors believed that she did not have much longer to live. She had first been admitted to hospital in 2002, with acute respiratory failure, related to her "gross obesity". On previous occasions she had used traditional Samoan health care instead of prescribed medication. Her doctors say that when she was discharged, she was not so ill that the oxygen machine was critical to her survival. Over the past five years she had been told repeatedly that her diet and lifestyle needed to change for her health to improve. The doctor who treated her the first time she was admitted to hospital believed that she only had one to three years, the normal prognosis for patients in her condition. He also stated that for people with such severe obesity (Muliaga weighed up to 210 kg), it is difficult to lose such weight permanently as it is a "disease to gain as much weight as she did". In conjunction with the oxygen concentrator, she had used a BiPAP machine.

text: On May 11, Muliaga was sent home from Auckland's Middlemore Hospital suffering from terminal

text: cardiomyopathy

text: , after being in hospital since late March. Doctors believed that she did not have much longer to live. She had first been admitted to hospital in 2002, with acute respiratory failure, related to her "gross obesity". On previous occasions she had used traditional Samoan health care instead of prescribed medication. Her doctors say that when she was discharged, she was not so ill that the oxygen machine was critical to her survival. Over the past five years she had been told repeatedly that her diet and lifestyle needed to change for her health to improve. The doctor who treated her the first time she was admitted to hospital believed that she only had one to three years, the normal prognosis for patients in her condition. He also stated that for people with such severe obesity (Muliaga weighed up to 210 kg), it is difficult to lose such weight permanently as it is a "disease to gain as much weight as she did". In conjunction with the oxygen concentrator, she had used a

text: BiPAP

text: machine.

text: The enzyme complex consists of 3-4 subunits (prokaryotes) up to 13 polypeptides (mammals) of which only the catalytic subunit (equivalent to mammalian subunit I (COI)) is found in all heme-copper respiratory oxidases. The presence of a bimetallic centre (formed by a high-spin heme and copper B) as well as a low-spin heme, both ligated to six conserved histidine residues near the outer side of four transmembrane spans within COI is common to all family members. In contrast to eukaryotes the respiratory chain of prokaryotes is branched to multiple terminal oxidases. The enzyme complexes vary in heme and copper composition, substrate type and substrate affinity. The different respiratory oxidases allow the cells to customize their respiratory systems according to a variety of environmental growth conditions.

text: As previously mentioned there is a strong link between youth behaviours in India and Bollywood films. While there have been some attempts to address this issue of the influence of smoking on youth behaviour, there are some sticky obstacles that need to overcome first before advancement can be made. The main issue that can be drawn upon studies, comments, and opinions are that tobacco use is seen as a normal behaviour by a majority of the youth and public. In a study done by the WHO, the results showed that "62% of films shown [were] judged 'neutral'". This means that while "many of these films do have smoking incidents but there are perceived to be normal behavior.")Though many of the Bollywood movies still have high smoking incidence now, the fact that smoking is considered a "normal behavior" by the youth could be a sign that health warnings for tobacco use have not yet permeated the majority of the Indian public or that it is not yet perceived as a health priority. Bollywood filmmakers' criticisms on the idea of a smoking ban Bollywood films also reinforce this idea. Some reactions include:

text: As previously mentioned there is a strong link between youth behaviours in India and Bollywood films. While there have been some attempts to address this issue of the influence of smoking on youth behaviour, there are some sticky obstacles that need to overcome first before advancement can be made. The main issue that can be drawn upon studies, comments, and opinions are that tobacco use is seen as a normal behaviour by a majority of the youth and public. In a study done by the WHO, the results showed that "62% of films shown [were] judged 'neutral'". This means that while "many of these films do have smoking incidents but there are perceived to be normal behavior.")Though many of the Bollywood movies still have high smoking incidence now, the fact that smoking is considered a "normal behavior" by the youth could be a sign that

text: health warnings

text: for tobacco use have not yet permeated the majority of the Indian public or that it is not yet perceived as a health priority. Bollywood filmmakers' criticisms on the idea of a smoking ban Bollywood films also reinforce this idea. Some reactions include:

text: The rest of the band play on while the woman consumes fingers and other body parts. Instead of getting full, the woman gets hungrier and more desperate. By the time frontman Josh Homme is the only one left, she is crawling on the table, stuffing food into her mouth with both hands. Homme watches this while performing and kicking his ankle chain around. The woman looks him right in the eye and rings the bell for him to be cooked. He is led away and joins the rest of the band playing in the "oven" as the woman collapses on the table, spent but still eating.

text: The rest of the band play on while the woman consumes fingers and other body parts. Instead of getting full, the woman gets hungrier and more desperate. By the time frontman

text: Josh Homme

text: is the only one left, she is crawling on the table, stuffing food into her mouth with both hands. Homme watches this while performing and kicking his ankle chain around. The woman looks him right in the eye and rings the bell for him to be cooked. He is led away and joins the rest of the band playing in the "oven" as the woman collapses on the table, spent but still eating.

text: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend "avoiding those who are sick". Since the virus is spread through saliva and phlegm as well as stool, washing hands is important. Sick people can attempt to decrease spreading the virus by basic sanitary measures, such as covering the nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing. Other measures including cleaning surfaces and toys.

text: The US

text: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC) recommend "avoiding those who are sick". Since the virus is spread through

text: saliva

text: and

text: phlegm

text: as well as stool,

text: washing hands

text: is important. Sick people can attempt to decrease spreading the virus by basic sanitary measures, such as covering the nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing. Other measures including cleaning surfaces and toys.

text: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a syncytial virus that causes respiratory tract infections. It is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospital visits during infancy and childhood. A prophylactic medication, palivizumab, can be employed to prevent HRSV in preterm (under 35 weeks gestation) infants, infants with certain congenital heart defects (CHD) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and infants with congenital malformations of the airway. Treatment is limited to supportive care (e.g. C-PAP), including oxygen therapy.

text: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a

text: syncytial

text: virus

text: that causes

text: respiratory tract

text: infections. It is a major cause of

text: lower respiratory tract infection

text: s and hospital visits during infancy and childhood. A

text: prophylactic

text: medication,

text: palivizumab

text: , can be employed to prevent HRSV in

text: preterm

text: (under 35 weeks gestation) infants, infants with certain

text: congenital heart defects

text: (CHD) or

text: bronchopulmonary dysplasia

text: (BPD), and infants with

text: congenital

text: malformations of the

text: airway

text: Treatment

text: is limited to supportive care (e.g.

text: C-PAP

text: ), including

text: oxygen therapy

text: The effect of smoke burning off the end of a tobacco product or the smoke exhaled by a smoker is known as secondhand smoke. This smoke is contained with harmful substances that can harm the body of the smoker. A person could have serious health problems from the result of breathing in secondhand smoke such as diseases or cancers. A child’s undeveloped body can face respiratory problems that could affect their lives forever. Secondhand smoke also harms the environment by being an indoor air pollutant that people breathe in.

text: Patients and doctors alike are satisfied with NHI . However, doctors have been more dissatisfied because fee premiums are controlled by the system as well as selection of services provided under the system. Also, doctors could be heavily penalized for a wide variety of reasons such as seeing too many patients or offering too many services even if patients and services were valid. Even so, patients' satisfaction has been in the 70 percent range. This system has led to protests by health care providers. At the beginning of 2006, satisfaction decreased to the mid-60 percent range because the program needed more money to cover its services. Since then, satisfaction has gone back to the 70 percent range. Enrollees are satisfied with more equal access to health care, have greater financial risk protection and have equity in health care financing.

text: Patients and

text: doctors

text: alike are satisfied with NHI . However,

text: doctors

text: have been more dissatisfied because fee premiums are controlled by the system as well as selection of services provided under the system. Also, doctors could be heavily penalized for a wide variety of reasons such as seeing too many patients or offering too many services even if patients and services were valid. Even so, patients' satisfaction has been in the 70 percent range. This system has led to protests by health care providers. At the beginning of 2006, satisfaction decreased to the mid-60 percent range because the program needed more money to cover its services. Since then, satisfaction has gone back to the 70 percent range. Enrollees are satisfied with more equal access to health care, have greater financial risk protection and have

text: equity

text: in health care financing.

text: There is a Health Care Centre at J.B. Campus which is manned by two resident doctors; services of visiting specialized doctors are available.

text: Technically, according to Jewish law, whenever one partakes of fruits or vegetables dipped in liquid while remaining wet, one must wash one's hands, if the fruit or vegetable remains wet. However, other times of the year either one has already washed their hands before eating bread, or dry the fruit or vegetable, in which case, one need not wash their hands before eating the fruit or vegetable.

text: Technically, according to

text: Jewish law

text: , whenever one partakes of fruits or vegetables dipped in liquid while remaining wet, one must wash one's hands, if the fruit or vegetable remains wet. However, other times of the year either one has already washed their hands before eating bread, or dry the fruit or vegetable, in which case, one need not wash their hands before eating the fruit or vegetable.

text: In some areas, the avoidance style is used by both members of the avoidance relationship; in others the older member may talk to the younger in everyday style. Behavior associated with avoidance speech is a continuum and varies between tribes. For the Dyirbal people, a man and his mother-in-law may not make eye contact, face one another or directly talk to each other. Rather, they must address a third person or even a nearby object. For slightly less restricted relationships, such as between a man and his father-in-law, avoidance style is used and must be spoken in a slow, soft voice. An extreme case of avoidance behavior is found in the Umpila tribe, in which a man and his mother-in-law may not speak at all in each other’s presence.

text: In some areas, the avoidance style is used by both members of the avoidance relationship; in others the older member may talk to the younger in everyday style. Behavior associated with avoidance speech is a continuum and varies between tribes. For the Dyirbal people, a man and his mother-in-law may not make eye contact, face one another or directly talk to each other. Rather, they must address a third person or even a nearby object. For slightly less restricted relationships, such as between a man and his father-in-law, avoidance style is used and must be spoken in a slow, soft voice. An extreme case of avoidance behavior is found in the

text: Umpila

text: tribe, in which a man and his mother-in-law may not speak at all in each other’s presence.

text: 1. Wash hands with warm, soapy water before and after handling raw foods.

text: Youth programs developed in response to two main industry concerns: the threat of legislation/regulation and public scrutiny of industry marketing practices. In 1978, Joseph Califano, US secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, accused the tobacco industry of marketing to children. As a result of this, the nonsmokers’ rights movement emerged. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) then began to consider regulation of tobacco advertising. The youth smoking prevention program was found to serve as a means to deflect meaningful regulation of the industry’s marketing practices. The use of cartoon characters to advertise cigarettes and other child-oriented practices brought the entire tobacco industry under intense scrutiny. The tobacco industry therefore utilized youth smoking as a way to continue studying and marketing to teens while avoiding the previous danger that had been associated with teen studies.

text: Youth programs developed in response to two main industry concerns: the threat of legislation/regulation and public scrutiny of industry marketing practices. In 1978, Joseph Califano, US secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, accused the tobacco industry of

text: marketing

text: to children. As a result of this, the nonsmokers’ rights movement emerged. The

text: Federal Trade Commission

text: (FTC) then began to consider regulation of

text: tobacco advertising

text: . The youth smoking prevention program was found to serve as a means to deflect meaningful regulation of the industry’s marketing practices. The use of cartoon characters to advertise cigarettes and other child-oriented practices brought the entire tobacco industry under intense scrutiny. The tobacco industry therefore utilized youth smoking as a way to continue studying and marketing to teens while avoiding the previous danger that had been associated with teen studies.

text: For the 2011/2012 year, the emergency department assessed 15,413 patients.  The visit rate is 680 visits per 1,000 people in a year, far higher than the Alberta average. The most common reason for an emergency department visit is acute upper respiratory infection with a visit rate three times that of the Alberta average. The inpatient separation rate was 99.5 per 1,000, similar to the Alberta average of 88 per 1,000. Ischemic heart disease, pneumonia and mental health were the top three reasons for inpatient separation, all higher rates than the Alberta average.

text: For the 2011/2012 year, the emergency department assessed 15,413 patients.  The visit rate is 680 visits per 1,000 people in a year, far higher than the Alberta average. The most common reason for an emergency department visit is acute upper respiratory infection with a visit rate three times that of the Alberta average. The inpatient

text: separation rate

text: was 99.5 per 1,000, similar to the Alberta average of 88 per 1,000. Ischemic heart disease, pneumonia and mental health were the top three reasons for inpatient separation, all higher rates than the Alberta average.

text: The Mississippi State Department of Health continues to monitor and investigate human cases of a new type of influenza, H1N1 swine influenza (also known as "novel H1N1 influenza") now present in Mississippi. Symptoms of swine flu in humans are similar to those of seasonal flu, causing fever, respiratory symptoms and body aches. H1N1 swine flu has contributed to a number of deaths nationwide, principally in those with pre-existing health conditions. 898 Mississippi cases of H1N1 swine flu have been identified and 7 deaths since May 15. Mississippians are advised to continue to exercise protective hygiene to avoid illness.As January 25,14 Mississippians have died of the H1N1 flu,and more than 635 cases have been confirmed.

text: Health risks include ingestion of poison and toxins, food-borne illnesses and maladies.  The National Anti-Poverty Commission warns against eating pagpag because of the threat of malnutrition and disease. Some of these diseases include Hepatitis A, typhoid, diarrhea and cholera.  Despite the dangers of eating pagpag, a vendor of pagpag claims that no one has died eating the pagpag he sells.  There are also persons who do not get sick out of eating pagpag due to overproduced antibodies of their immune system. Although there are persons, specifically children, who get sick.

text: Health risks include ingestion of poison and toxins, food-borne illnesses and maladies.  The

entity_name: National Anti-Poverty Commission (Philippines)

text: National Anti-Poverty Commission

text: warns against eating pagpag because of the threat of malnutrition and disease. Some of these diseases include

text: Hepatitis A

text: typhoid

text: diarrhea

text: and

text: cholera

text: .  Despite the dangers of eating pagpag, a vendor of pagpag claims that no one has died eating the pagpag he sells.  There are also persons who do not get sick out of eating pagpag due to overproduced

text: antibodies

text: of their

text: immune system

text: . Although there are persons, specifically children, who get sick.

text: Although STDs are logical targets for examining the role of human behavior in a modeling framework, personal actions are important for other infectious diseases as well. The rapidity with which individuals reduce their contact rate with others during an outbreak of a highly transmissible disease can significantly affect the spread of the disease. Even small reductions in the contact rate can be important, especially for diseases like influenza or  severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). However, this may also affect policy planning for a biological attack with a disease such as smallpox.

text: Although

text: STDs

text: are logical targets for examining the role of

text: human behavior

text: in a modeling framework, personal actions are important for other infectious diseases as well. The rapidity with which individuals reduce their contact rate with others during an outbreak of a highly transmissible disease can significantly affect the spread of the disease. Even small reductions in the contact rate can be important, especially for diseases like

text: influenza

text: or

text: . However, this may also affect policy planning for a biological attack with a disease such as

text: smallpox

text: Munsterman was also a cosponsor of HB 1193, which makes it illegal for townships in South Dakota to restrict the "possession, transportation, sale, transfer, ownership, manufacture, or repair of firearms or ammunition or their components" and continues on to state that "any ordinances existing restrictions prohibited by this section are null and void."  Coincidentally, in 2011 the South Dakota State Legislature overturned governor Daugaard's veto of House Bill 1146, which prevents health insurers from charging higher copayments for patients' visits to chiropractors than they do for patients' visits to medical doctors.  Despite the fact that Munsterman is himself a doctor of chiropractic, he seems to have voted on the bill.

text: A study performed between 2010 and 2013, in which the incidence of MERS was evaluated in 310 dromedary camels, revealed high titers of neutralizing antibodies to MERS-CoV in the blood serum of these animals. A further study sequenced MERS-CoV from nasal swabs of dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia and found they had sequences identical to previously sequenced human isolates. Some individual camels were also found to have more than one genomic variant in their nasopharynx. There is also a report of a Saudi Arabian man who became ill seven days after applying topical medicine to the noses of several sick camels and later he and one of the camels were found to have identical strains of MERS-CoV. It is still unclear how the virus is transmitted from camels to humans. The World Health Organization advises avoiding contact with camels and to eat only fully cooked camel meat, pasteurized camel milk, and to avoid drinking camel urine. Camel urine is considered a medicine for various illnesses in the Middle East. The Saudi Ministry of Agriculture has advised people to avoid contact with camels or wear breathing masks when around them.  In response "some people have refused to listen to the government's advice" and kiss their camels in defiance of their government's advice.

text: A study performed between 2010 and 2013, in which the incidence of MERS was evaluated in 310

text: dromedary camels

text: , revealed high titers of neutralizing antibodies to MERS-CoV in the blood serum of these animals. A further study sequenced MERS-CoV from nasal swabs of dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia and found they had sequences identical to previously sequenced human isolates. Some individual camels were also found to have more than one genomic variant in their nasopharynx. There is also a report of a Saudi Arabian man who became ill seven days after applying topical medicine to the noses of several sick camels and later he and one of the camels were found to have identical strains of MERS-CoV. It is still unclear how the virus is transmitted from camels to humans. The World Health Organization advises avoiding contact with camels and to eat only fully cooked camel meat, pasteurized camel milk, and to avoid drinking camel urine.

text: Camel urine is considered a medicine

text: for various illnesses in the Middle East. The Saudi Ministry of Agriculture has advised people to avoid contact with camels or wear breathing masks when around them.  In response "some people have refused to listen to the government's advice" and kiss their camels in defiance of their government's advice.

text: Cardiorespiratory refers to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity. Regular exercise makes these systems more efficient by enlarging the heart muscle, enabling more blood to be pumped with each stroke, and increasing the number of small arteries in trained skeletal muscles, which supply more blood to working muscles. Exercise improves the respiratory system by increasing the amount of oxygen that is inhaled and distributed to body tissue.

text: Cardiorespiratory refers to the ability of the

text: circulatory

text: and

text: respiratory system

text: s to supply

text: oxygen

text: to

text: skeletal muscle

text: s during sustained physical activity. Regular exercise makes these systems more efficient by enlarging the

text: heart

text: muscle, enabling more

text: blood

text: to be pumped with each stroke, and increasing the number of small

text: arteries

text: in trained skeletal muscles, which supply more blood to working muscles. Exercise improves the respiratory system by increasing the amount of oxygen that is inhaled and distributed to body tissue.

text: The bacteria is spread person to person by direct contact or through respiratory secretions ejected when coughing or sneezing. Most of the time the disease is spread by people that have the bacteria in their nose and throat but are asymptomatic (don't have symptoms). It is not certain how long it takes from the time you are infected to the time you get sick, but it could be only a few days.

text: The Centers for Disease Control says the most important way to prevent the transmission of dangerous diseases is to frequently wash your hands with soap and water and/or use a hand sanitizer.  If soap and water are not available it is recommended to use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60 percent alcohol or contains a "persistent antiseptic".Alcohol rubs kill many different kinds of bacteria, including antibiotic resistant bacteria and TB bacteria. 90% alcohol rubs are highly flammable, but have high virucidal activity against many different kinds of viruses, including enveloped viruses such as the flu virus, the common cold virus, and HIV, though is notably ineffective against the rabies virus. Alcohol rub sanitizers are not very effective against Norovirus (winter vomiting virus) unless they are combined with benzalkonium chloride in a hand sanitizer.Alcohol rubs also kill fungi.University of Virginia Medical School researchers concluded that hand sanitizing is more effective against fighting the common cold than hand washing.

text: The Centers for Disease Control says the most important way to prevent the transmission of dangerous diseases is to frequently wash your hands with soap and water and/or use a hand sanitizer.  If soap and water are not available it is recommended to use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60 percent alcohol or contains a "persistent antiseptic".Alcohol rubs kill many different kinds of bacteria, including

text: antibiotic resistant

text: bacteria and

text: TB

text: bacteria. 90% alcohol rubs are highly flammable, but have high

text: virucidal

text: activity against many different kinds of viruses, including

text: enveloped virus

text: es such as the

text: flu virus

text: , the common

text: cold virus

text: , and

text: HIV

text: , though is notably ineffective against the

text: rabies virus

text: . Alcohol rub sanitizers are not very effective against

text: Norovirus

text: (winter vomiting virus) unless they are combined with benzalkonium chloride in a hand sanitizer.Alcohol rubs also kill

text: fungi

text: .University of Virginia Medical School researchers concluded that hand sanitizing is more effective against fighting the common cold than hand washing.

text: Robyn Landis is an American author, public speaker and folk singer who was born in Brooklyn, NY, and has lived in Seattle, WA, and Tucson, AZ United States.  At age 25 she wrote a book called Bodyfueling which was published by Warner Books and became a surprise bestseller.  "Bodyfueling" is a term she coined and has used to promote her philosophy of increased health through knowing the important details about how the body works and the important interactions between nutrition and exercise. Bodyfueling is an approach to health and fitness that emphasizes a thorough understanding of how the human body uses food and reacts to exercise.   It places a heavy emphasis on breaking away from "diet thinking" and encourages people to concentrate instead on knowledgeably caring for the body, eating for performance, eating in accordance with your levels of physical activity and eating enough to fuel the body adequately. Simply stated, Bodyfueling advocates "eat more, exercise more" as a key to fitness rather than "eat less, exercise more", which Landis indicates is an unexamined platitude.

text: Robyn Landis is an American

text: author

text: public speaker

text: and

text: folk singer

text: who was born in Brooklyn, NY, and has lived in Seattle, WA, and Tucson, AZ

text: United States

text: .  At age 25 she wrote a book called Bodyfueling which was published by Warner Books and became a surprise bestseller.  "Bodyfueling" is a term she coined and has used to promote her philosophy of increased health through knowing the important details about how the body works and the important interactions between

text: nutrition

text: and

text: exercise

text: . Bodyfueling is an approach to health and fitness that emphasizes a thorough understanding of how the human body uses food and reacts to exercise.   It places a heavy emphasis on breaking away from "diet thinking" and encourages people to concentrate instead on knowledgeably caring for the body, eating for performance, eating in accordance with your levels of physical activity and eating enough to fuel the body adequately. Simply stated, Bodyfueling advocates "eat more, exercise more" as a key to fitness rather than "eat less, exercise more", which Landis indicates is an unexamined platitude.

text: Smoking in the United States military has been observed in previous wars, but smoking's close association with the United States military started in World War I when tobacco companies began to target military personnel through the distribution of cigarettes to servicemen and the eventual inclusion of cigarettes into rations.  Although the military has attempted to implement tobacco control initiatives, the association between smoking and military personnel has persisted to the present day as smoking rates remain high, despite declines in civilian rates.  Such high rates have led to questions about the effect of smoking from the apparent health risks to troop readiness and training costs.

text: Smoking in the United States military has been observed in previous wars, but smoking's close association with the

text: United States military

text: started in World War I when tobacco companies began to target military personnel through the distribution of

text: cigarette

text: s to servicemen and the eventual inclusion of cigarettes into

text: ration

text: s.  Although the military has attempted to implement tobacco control initiatives, the association between smoking and military personnel has persisted to the present day as smoking rates remain high, despite declines in civilian rates.  Such high rates have led to questions about the effect of smoking from the apparent health risks to troop readiness and training costs.

text: Particles can deposit in the nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx (the head airways region), deeper within the respiratory tract (from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles), or in the alveolar region. The location of deposition of aerosol particles within the respiratory system strongly determines the health effects of exposure to such aerosols. This phenomenon led people to invent aerosol samplers that select a subset of the aerosol particles that reach certain parts of the respiratory system. Examples of these subsets of the particle-size distribution of an aerosol, important in occupational health, include the inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions. The fraction that can enter each part of the respiratory system depends on the deposition of particles in the upper parts of the airway. The inhalable fraction of particles, defined as the proportion of particles originally in the air that can enter the nose or mouth, depends on external wind speed and direction and on the particle-size distribution by aerodynamic diameter. The thoracic fraction is the proportion of the particles in ambient aerosol that can reach the thorax or chest region. The respirable fraction is the proportion of particles in the air that can reach the alveolar region. To measure the respirable fraction of particles in air, a pre-collector is used with a sampling filter. The pre-collector excludes particles as the airways remove particles from inhaled air. The sampling filter collects the particles for measurement. It is common to use cyclonic separation for the pre-collector, but other techniques include impactors, horizontal elutriators, and large pore membrane filters.

text: Particles can deposit in the

text: nose

text: mouth

text: pharynx

text: and

text: larynx

text: (the head airways region), deeper within the respiratory tract (from the

text: trachea

text: to the

text: terminal bronchioles

text: ), or in the

text: alveolar region

text: . The location of deposition of aerosol particles within the respiratory system strongly determines the health effects of exposure to such aerosols. This phenomenon led people to invent aerosol samplers that select a subset of the aerosol particles that reach certain parts of the respiratory system. Examples of these subsets of the particle-size distribution of an aerosol, important in occupational health, include the inhalable, thoracic, and respirable fractions. The fraction that can enter each part of the respiratory system depends on the deposition of particles in the upper parts of the airway. The inhalable fraction of particles, defined as the proportion of particles originally in the air that can enter the nose or mouth, depends on external wind speed and direction and on the particle-size distribution by aerodynamic diameter. The thoracic fraction is the proportion of the particles in ambient aerosol that can reach the thorax or chest region. The respirable fraction is the proportion of particles in the air that can reach the alveolar region. To measure the respirable fraction of particles in air, a pre-collector is used with a sampling filter. The pre-collector excludes particles as the airways remove particles from inhaled air. The sampling filter collects the particles for measurement. It is common to use

text: cyclonic separation

text: for the pre-collector, but other techniques include impactors, horizontal

text: elutriator

text: s, and large pore

text: membrane filter

text: s.

text: The above-mentioned main disgust stimuli are similar to one another in the sense that they can all potentially transmit infections, and are the most common referenced elicitors of disgust cross-culturally. Because of this, disgust is believed to have evolved as a component of a behavioral immune system in which the body attempts to avoid disease-carrying pathogens in preference to fighting them after they have entered the body. This behavioral immune system has been found to make sweeping generalizations because "it is more costly to perceive a sick person as healthy than to perceive a healthy person as sickly". Researchers have found that sensitivity to disgust is negatively correlated to aggression because feelings of disgust typically bring about a need to withdraw while aggression results in a need to approach. This can be explained in terms of each of the types of disgust. For those especially sensitive to moral disgust, they would want to be less aggressive because they want to avoid hurting others. Those especially sensitive to pathogen disgust might be motivated by a desire to avoid the possibility of an open wound on the victim of the aggression; however, for those sensitive to sexual disgust, some sexual object must be present for them to be especially avoidant of aggression. Based on these findings, disgust may be used as an emotional tool to decrease aggression in individuals. Disgust may produce specific autonomic responses, such as reduced blood pressure, lowered heart-rate and decreased skin conductance along with changes in respiratory behaviour.

text: The above-mentioned main disgust stimuli are similar to one another in the sense that they can all potentially transmit infections, and are the most common referenced elicitors of disgust cross-culturally. Because of this, disgust is believed to have evolved as a component of a behavioral immune system in which the body attempts to avoid disease-carrying

text: pathogens

text: in preference to fighting them after they have entered the body. This

text: behavioral immune system

text: has been found to make sweeping generalizations because "it is more costly to perceive a sick person as healthy than to perceive a healthy person as sickly". Researchers have found that sensitivity to disgust is negatively correlated to aggression because feelings of disgust typically bring about a need to withdraw while aggression results in a need to approach. This can be explained in terms of each of the types of disgust. For those especially sensitive to moral disgust, they would want to be less aggressive because they want to avoid hurting others. Those especially sensitive to pathogen disgust might be motivated by a desire to avoid the possibility of an open wound on the victim of the aggression; however, for those sensitive to sexual disgust, some sexual object must be present for them to be especially avoidant of aggression. Based on these findings, disgust may be used as an emotional tool to decrease aggression in individuals. Disgust may produce specific

text: autonomic

text: responses, such as reduced blood pressure, lowered heart-rate and decreased skin conductance along with changes in respiratory behaviour.

text: Primary healthcare results in better health outcomes, reduced health disparities and lower spending, including on avoidable emergency room visits and hospital care. With that being said, primary care physicians are an important component in ensuring that the healthcare system as a whole is sustainable. However, despite their importance to the healthcare system, the primary care position has suffered in terms of its prestige in part due to the differences in salary when compared to doctors that decide to specialize. In a 2010 national study of physician wages conducted by the UC Davis Health System found that specialists are paid as much as 52 percent more than primary care physicians, even though primary care physicians see far more patients.

text: Short term exposure to glycol fog can be associated with headaches, dizziness, drowsiness and tiredness. Long term exposure to smoke and fog can be related to upper airway and voice symptoms. Extended (multi-year) exposure to smoke and fog has been associated with both short-term and long-term respiratory health problems. Efforts should be made to reduce exposure to theatrical smoke to as low a level as possible. The use of digital effects in post production on film and television sets can be considered a safer practise than using theatrical smoke and fog during filming, although this is not always practical.

text: In those in whom the cause is known and prompt treatment is available, the prognosis is good. Even if the cause is unknown, if appropriate preventative medication is available, the prognosis is generally good. If death occurs, it is usually due to either respiratory (typically asphyxia) or cardiovascular causes (shock), with 0.7–20% of cases causing death. There have been cases of death occurring within minutes. Outcomes in those with exercise-induced anaphylaxis are typically good, with fewer and less severe episodes as people get older.

text: In those in whom the cause is known and prompt treatment is available, the prognosis is good. Even if the cause is unknown, if appropriate preventative medication is available, the prognosis is generally good. If death occurs, it is usually due to either respiratory (typically

text: asphyxia

text: ) or cardiovascular causes (

text: shock

text: ), with 0.7–20% of cases causing death. There have been cases of death occurring within minutes. Outcomes in those with exercise-induced anaphylaxis are typically good, with fewer and less severe episodes as people get older.

text: When a patient is hospitalized, daily updates are entered into the medical record documenting clinical changes, new information, etc. These often take the form of a SOAP note and are entered by all members of the health-care team (doctors, nurses, physical therapists, dietitians, clinical pharmacists, respiratory therapists, etc.). They are kept in chronological order and document the sequence of events leading to the current state of health.

text: When a patient is hospitalized, daily updates are entered into the medical record documenting clinical changes, new information, etc. These often take the form of a

text: SOAP note

text: and are entered by all members of the health-care team (doctors, nurses, physical therapists, dietitians, clinical pharmacists,

text: respiratory therapist

text: s, etc.). They are kept in chronological order and document the sequence of events leading to the current state of health.

text: Gastrulation takes place after cleavage and the formation of the blastula. Gastrulation is followed by organogenesis, when individual organs develop within the newly formed germ layers. Each layer gives rise to specific tissues and organs in the developing embryo. The ectoderm gives rise to epidermis, and to the neural crest and other tissues that will later form the nervous system. The mesoderm is found between the ectoderm and the endoderm and gives rise to somites, which form muscle; the cartilage of the ribs and vertebrae; the dermis, the notochord, blood and blood vessels, bone, and connective tissue. The endoderm gives rise to the epithelium of the digestive system and respiratory system, and organs associated with the digestive system, such as the liver and pancreas. Following gastrulation, cells in the body are either organized into sheets of connected cells (as in epithelia), or as a mesh of isolated cells, such as mesenchyme.

text: Gastrulation takes place after

text: cleavage

text: and the formation of the

text: blastula

text: . Gastrulation is followed by

text: organogenesis

text: , when individual organs develop within the newly formed germ layers. Each layer gives rise to specific

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: in the developing embryo. The ectoderm gives rise to

text: epidermis

text: , and to the

text: neural crest

text: and other tissues that will later form the

text: nervous system

text: . The mesoderm is found between the ectoderm and the endoderm and gives rise to

text: somites

text: , which form

text: muscle

text: ; the

text: cartilage

text: of the

text: ribs

text: and

text: vertebrae

text: ; the

text: dermis

text: , the

text: notochord

text: blood

text: and

text: blood vessels

text: bone

text: , and

text: connective tissue

text: . The endoderm gives rise to the

text: epithelium

text: of the

text: digestive system

text: and

text: respiratory system

text: , and organs associated with the

text: digestive system

text: , such as the

text: liver

text: and

text: pancreas

text: . Following gastrulation, cells in the body are either organized into sheets of connected cells (as in

text: epithelia

text: ), or as a mesh of isolated cells, such as

text: mesenchyme

text: Beginning in May 1955, visiting doctors from Gulu Hospital began making periodic visits along with visiting missionary doctors. The Uganda Ministry of Health elevated the Health Center to a hospital on 1 January 1960. This coincided with the arrival of the first full-time doctor from Italy, Dr. Lai Giovanninowho. He came with his wife and their baby. The hospital continued to expand and offer valuable quality care. In 1973, the Italian missionaries turned over ownership of the hospital to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu, which in turn entrusted the hospital's management to the  Sisters of Mary Immaculate.

text: Beginning in May 1955, visiting doctors from

text: Gulu Hospital

text: began making periodic visits along with visiting missionary doctors. The

text: Uganda Ministry of Health

text: elevated the Health Center to a hospital on 1 January 1960. This coincided with the arrival of the first full-time doctor from

text: Italy

text: Dr. Lai Giovanninowho

text: . He came with his wife and their baby. The hospital continued to expand and offer valuable quality care. In 1973, the Italian missionaries turned over ownership of the hospital to the

text: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu

text: , which in turn entrusted the hospital's management to the  Sisters of Mary Immaculate.

text: Low or moderate-intensity physical training has been shown to improve fatigue, psychological health, and physical functioning in people sarcoidosis without adverse effects. Inspiratory muscle training has also decreased severe fatigue perception in subjects with early stages of sarcoidosis, as well as improving functional and maximal exercise capacity and respiratory muscle strength. The duration, frequency, and physical intensity of exercise needs to accommodate impairments such as joint pain, muscle pain, and fatigue.

text: Humidity drops to as low as 15%, which can result in spontaneous nosebleeds for some people. Other health effects on humans may include conditions of the skin, eyes, and respiratory system, including aggravation of asthma.

text: Humidity drops to as low as 15%, which can result in spontaneous nosebleeds for some people. Other health effects on humans may include conditions of the skin, eyes, and respiratory system, including aggravation of

text: asthma

text: On this basis, its respiratory system would likely have been parabronchi, with multiple pulmonary air sacs as in avian lungs, and a flow-through lung. An avian respiratory system would need a lung volume of about  compared with a mammalian requirement of , which would exceed the space available. The overall thoracic volume of Apatosaurus has been estimated at , allowing for a , four-chambered heart and a  lung capacity. That would allow about  for the necessary tissue. Evidence for the avian system in Apatosaurus and other sauropods is also present in the pneumaticity of the vertebrae. Though this plays a role in reducing the weight of the animal, Wedel (2003) states they are also likely connected to air sacs, as in birds.

text: On this basis, its respiratory system would likely have been

text: parabronchi

text: , with multiple pulmonary air sacs as in

text: avian lungs

text: , and a flow-through lung. An avian respiratory system would need a lung volume of about  compared with a mammalian requirement of , which would exceed the space available. The overall thoracic volume of Apatosaurus has been estimated at , allowing for a , four-chambered heart and a  lung capacity. That would allow about  for the necessary tissue. Evidence for the avian system in Apatosaurus and other sauropods is also present in the

text: pneumaticity

text: of the vertebrae. Though this plays a role in reducing the weight of the animal, Wedel (2003) states they are also likely connected to air sacs, as in birds.

text: Prince was born and raised in Los Angeles, California.  After graduating as valedictorian from Dixie College (St. George, Utah), he served a two-year mission in Brazil for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) at age 19.  Upon returning to the United States in 1969, Prince attended graduate school at the University of California, Los Angeles, receiving a D.D.S. (valedictorian) in 1973 and a Ph.D in pathology in 1975.  In 1975 he and his wife, JaLynn Rasmussen, moved to Washington D.C., for a post-doctoral fellowship at the National Institutes of Health.  After spending more than a decade at NIH and Johns Hopkins University, he co-founded Virion Systems, Inc. (VSI), a biotechnology company focused on the prevention and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.  Building on discoveries that Prince made as a doctoral student, VSI pioneered the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infants through the use of monoclonal antibody.  (RSV is the primary cause of infant pneumonia throughout the world.)  VSI's technologies were licensed to MedImmune, Inc., and the collaborative efforts of the two companies and other partners resulted in the approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of Synagis, a drug that is currently given to approximately a quarter-million high-risk infants throughout the world each year.  Prince currently serves as president and CEO of VSI.

text: Prince was born and raised in

text: Los Angeles, California

text: .  After graduating as valedictorian from

text: Dixie College

text: St. George, Utah

text: ), he served a two-year

text: mission

text: in

text: Brazil

text: for

text: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

text: (LDS Church) at age 19.  Upon returning to the United States in 1969, Prince attended

text: graduate school

text: at the

text: University of California, Los Angeles

text: , receiving a D.D.S. (valedictorian) in 1973 and a

text: Ph.D

text: in

text: pathology

text: in 1975.  In 1975 he and his wife,

text: JaLynn Rasmussen

text: , moved to

text: Washington D.C.

text: , for a post-doctoral fellowship at the

text: National Institutes of Health

text: .  After spending more than a decade at NIH and

text: Johns Hopkins University

text: , he co-founded Virion Systems, Inc. (VSI), a biotechnology company focused on the prevention and treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.  Building on discoveries that Prince made as a doctoral student, VSI pioneered the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infants through the use of monoclonal antibody.  (RSV is the primary cause of infant pneumonia throughout the world.)  VSI's technologies were licensed to MedImmune, Inc., and the collaborative efforts of the two companies and other partners resulted in the approval by the

text: U.S. Food and Drug Administration

text: of

text: Synagis

text: , a drug that is currently given to approximately a quarter-million high-risk infants throughout the world each year.  Prince currently serves as president and CEO of VSI.

text: Peter Palese, a professor of medicine and infectious diseases at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City, has said that hand washing isn't all that helpful against the flu because the flu isn't like other respiratory diseases.  "The flu virus isn't very stable on the hand," he said. "The virus has a lipid membrane that flattens out when it's on your hand, and it gets inactivated."However Mark Nicas, an adjunct professor at the University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health, maintains that a significant number of flu cases are indeed spread by hands touching one another, and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. "I think that hand contact accounts for maybe one-third of influenza infections," he says. Furthermore, whereas the influenza virus can survive for only minutes on a person's hands, researchers have found that it can survive for hours (some say even days) on many other surfaces. The University of Minnesota Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) produced a document which says: "Studies have shown that influenza viruses can survive on environmental surfaces and can infect a person for up to 2 to 8 hours after being deposited on an environmental surface" if the person touches that surface and then touches his or her eyes, nose or mouth.

text: Peter Palese

text: , a professor of medicine and infectious diseases at the

text: Mount Sinai School of Medicine

text: in New York City, has said that hand washing isn't all that helpful against the flu because the flu isn't like other respiratory diseases.  "The flu virus isn't very stable on the hand," he said. "The virus has a lipid membrane that flattens out when it's on your hand, and it gets inactivated."However

text: Mark Nicas

text: , an adjunct professor at the

text: University of California-Berkeley School of Public Health

text: , maintains that a significant number of flu cases are indeed spread by hands touching one another, and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. "I think that hand contact accounts for maybe one-third of influenza infections," he says. Furthermore, whereas the influenza virus can survive for only minutes on a person's hands, researchers have found that it can survive for hours (some say even days) on many other surfaces. The

text: University of Minnesota

entity_name: Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy

text: Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy

text: (CIDRAP) produced a document which says: "Studies have shown that influenza viruses can survive on environmental surfaces and can infect a person for up to 2 to 8 hours after being deposited on an environmental surface" if the person touches that surface and then touches his or her eyes, nose or mouth.

text: TFVC is a centralized version control system allowing teams to store any type of artifact within its repository. TFVC supports two different types of workspaces when working with client tools - Server Workspaces and Local Workspaces. Server workspaces allow developers to lock files for check-out and provide notification to other developers that files are being edited. A frequent complaint for this model is that files on the development machine are marked as read-only. It also requires developers to "go offline" when the server can't be contacted. Local workspaces were designed to avoid these problems. In a local workspace scenario files are not read-only and they do not have to be checked out before working on them. As long as the files are on the developer's local machine, it doesn't matter if the server is connected or not. Conflicts are dealt with at check-in time.

text: TFVC is a centralized version control system allowing teams to store any type of artifact within its repository. TFVC supports two different types of workspaces when working with client tools - Server Workspaces and Local Workspaces. Server workspaces allow developers to lock files for check-out and provide notification to other developers that files are being edited. A frequent complaint for this model is that files on the development machine are marked as read-only. It also requires developers to "go offline" when the server can't be contacted. Local workspaces were designed to avoid these problems. In a local workspace scenario files are not read-only and they do not have to be checked out before working on them. As long as the files are on the developer's local machine, it doesn't matter if the server is connected or not. Conflicts are dealt with at

text: check-in

text: time.

text: In 2003 the Italian physician Carlo Urbani (1956-2003) was the first to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as a new and dangerously contagious disease, although he became infected and died. It is caused by a coronavirus dubbed SARS-CoV. Rapid action by national and international health authorities such as the World Health Organization helped to slow transmission and eventually broke the chain of transmission, which ended the localized epidemics before they could become a pandemic. However, the disease has not been eradicated. It could re-emerge. This warrants monitoring and reporting of suspicious cases of atypical pneumonia.

text: In 2003 the Italian physician

text: Carlo Urbani

text: (1956-2003) was the first to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome (

text: SARS

text: ) as a new and dangerously contagious disease, although he became infected and died. It is caused by a

text: coronavirus

text: dubbed

text: SARS-CoV

text: . Rapid action by national and international health authorities such as the

text: World Health Organization

text: helped to slow transmission and eventually broke the chain of transmission, which ended the localized epidemics before they could become a pandemic. However, the disease has not been eradicated. It could re-emerge. This warrants monitoring and reporting of suspicious cases of atypical pneumonia.

text: Ebolaviruses can be eliminated with heat (heating for 30 to 60 minutes at 60 °C or boiling for 5 minutes). To disinfect surfaces, some lipid solvents such as some alcohol-based products, detergents, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) or calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder), and other suitable disinfectants  may be used at appropriate concentrations.Education of the general public about the risk factors for Ebola infection and of the protective measures individuals may take to prevent infection is recommended by the World Health Organization. These measures include avoiding direct contact with infected people and regular hand washing using soap and water.

text: Ebolaviruses can be

text: eliminated

text: with heat (heating for 30 to 60 minutes at 60 °C or boiling for 5 minutes). To

text: disinfect

text: surfaces, some lipid solvents such as some alcohol-based products, detergents, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) or

text: calcium hypochlorite

text: (bleaching powder), and other suitable disinfectants  may be used at appropriate concentrations.Education of the general public about the risk factors for Ebola infection and of the protective measures individuals may take to prevent infection is recommended by the

text: World Health Organization

text: . These measures include avoiding direct contact with infected people and regular

text: hand washing

text: using soap and water.

text: In May 2005, a study published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, conducted by the School of Environment and Health at the University of British Columbia, looked at adverse respiratory effects in crew members on a wide variety of entertainment venues ranging from live theaters, concerts, television and film productions to a video arcade. This study determined that cumulative exposure to mineral oil and glycol-based fogs were associated with acute and chronic adverse effects on respiratory health. This study found that short-term exposure to glycol fog was associated with coughing, dry throat, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, and tiredness. This study also found long-term exposure to smoke and fog was associated with both short-term and long-term respiratory problems such as chest tightness and wheezing. Personnel working closest to the fog machines had reduced lung function results.

text: Paravaccinia virus originates from livestock infected with bovine papular stomatitis. When a human makes physical contact with the livestock's muzzle, udders, or an infected area, the area of contact will become infected. Livestock may not show symptoms of bovine papular stomatitis and still be infected and contagious. Paravaccinia can enter the body though all pathways including: skin contact by mechanical means, through the respiratory tract, or orally. Oral or respiratory contraction may be more likely to cause systemic symptoms such as lesions across the whole body

text: Paravaccinia virus originates from livestock infected with

text: bovine papular stomatitis

text: . When a human makes physical contact with the livestock's muzzle, udders, or an infected area, the area of contact will become infected. Livestock may not show symptoms of bovine papular stomatitis and still be infected and contagious. Paravaccinia can enter the body though all pathways including: skin contact by mechanical means, through the respiratory tract, or orally. Oral or respiratory contraction may be more likely to cause systemic symptoms such as lesions across the whole body

text: Pöytäpaska (Table Shit) also known as Espanjalainen paskahousu (Spanish Shitpants) can be played by two or three players. The rules are the same as in Paskahousu, with the following additions. In addition to the hand, each player is dealt four cards face down and four cards face up on the table. They are played after the stock and the cards in your hand have exhausted. The cards face up are played before the cards face down. Note that you are allowed to see a face down card only when you (try to) play it. If it cannot be played according to the rules, you must take the card and the entire pile to your hand. If you must take the pile when playing the table cards, the pile becomes your hand cards, and you must get rid of your hand cards before you can continue playing from the table.

text: A pulmonary lobule is the portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchiole. Bronchioles are approximately 1mm or less in diameter and their walls consist of ciliated cuboidal epithelium and a layer of smooth muscle. Bronchioles divide into even smaller bronchioles, called terminal, which are 0.5mm or less in diameter. Terminal bronchioles in turn divide into smaller respiratory bronchioles which divide into alveolar ducts. Terminal bronchioles mark the end of the conducting division of air flow in the respiratory system while respiratory bronchioles are the beginning of the respiratory division where actual gas exchange takes place.

text: A pulmonary lobule is the portion of the

text: lung

text: ventilated by one bronchiole. Bronchioles are approximately 1mm or less in diameter and their walls consist of

text: ciliated

text: cuboidal

text: epithelium

text: and a layer of

text: smooth muscle

text: . Bronchioles divide into even smaller bronchioles, called terminal, which are 0.5mm or less in diameter. Terminal bronchioles in turn divide into smaller respiratory bronchioles which divide into

text: alveolar ducts

text: . Terminal bronchioles mark the end of the conducting division of air flow in the

text: respiratory system

text: while respiratory bronchioles are the beginning of the respiratory division where actual

text: gas exchange

text: takes place.

text: Because teacup dogs are bred to be unnaturally miniature sized, they are prone to many serious health issues. Teacup dogs often suffer from hypoglycemia (low blood-sugar), which can cause seizures and even death if not carefully monitored. Teacup dogs often need to be fed several times a day or more to avoid low blood-sugar levels. They also commonly suffer from liver shunts, hydrocephalus (water on the brain), heart problems, and respiratory problems. Teacup puppies also tend to have incontinence issues due to their extremely small bladder sizes. This is especially prevalent when genetic health testing and other health testing required by breed clubs is not performed.

text: Millions of American homeless do not have a bed to sleep on every night most of the time or years and have to sleep on public benchs or under bridges in order avoid from rain, snow or insects with the risk of being molested, assaulted or getting sick.

text: Millions of

text: American homeless

text: do not have a bed to sleep on every night most of the time or years and have to sleep on public

text: benchs

text: or under

text: bridge

text: s in order avoid from rain, snow or insects with the risk of being molested, assaulted or getting sick.

text: N. meningitidis is a major cause of illness, developmental impairment and death during childhood in industrialized countries and has been responsible for epidemics in Africa and in Asia. Every year, about 2,500 to 3,500 people become infected with N. meningitidis in the US, with a frequency of about 1 in 100,000. Children younger than 5 years are at greatest risk, followed by teenagers of high school age. Rates in the African meningitis belt were as high as 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 100 before introduction of a vaccine in 2010. The incidence of meningococcal disease is highest among infants (children younger than 1-year-old) whose immune system is relatively immature. In industrialized countries there is a second peak of incidence in young adults, who are congregating closely, living in dormitories or smoking. Vaccine development is ongoing.It is spread through saliva and other respiratory secretions during coughing, sneezing, kissing, and chewing on toys. Inhalation of respiratory droplets from a carrier which may be someone who is themselves in the early stages of disease can transmit the bacteria. Close contact with a carrier is the predominant risk factor.  Other risk factors include a weakened general or local immune response, such as a recent upper respiratory infection, smoking, and complement deficiency. The incubation period is short, from 2 to 10 days. In susceptible individuals, N. meningitidis may invade the bloodstream and cause a systemic infection, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, breakdown of circulation, and septic shock.

text: N. meningitidis is a major cause of illness, developmental impairment and death during childhood in industrialized countries and has been responsible for epidemics in Africa and in Asia. Every year, about 2,500 to 3,500 people become infected with N. meningitidis in the US, with a frequency of about 1 in 100,000. Children younger than 5 years are at greatest risk, followed by teenagers of high school age. Rates in the

text: African meningitis belt

text: were as high as 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 100 before introduction of a vaccine in 2010. The

text: incidence

text: of meningococcal disease is highest among infants (children younger than 1-year-old) whose immune system is relatively immature. In industrialized countries there is a second peak of incidence in young adults, who are congregating closely, living in dormitories or smoking. Vaccine development is ongoing.It is spread through saliva and other respiratory secretions during coughing, sneezing, kissing, and chewing on toys. Inhalation of respiratory droplets from a

text: carrier

text: which may be someone who is themselves in the early stages of disease can

text: transmit

text: the bacteria. Close contact with a carrier is the predominant

text: risk factor

text: .  Other risk factors include a weakened general or local immune response, such as a recent upper respiratory infection, smoking, and

text: complement deficiency

text: . The

text: incubation period

text: is short, from 2 to 10 days. In susceptible individuals, N. meningitidis may invade the bloodstream and cause a

text: systemic infection

text: , sepsis,

text: disseminated intravascular coagulation

text: , breakdown of circulation, and

text: septic shock

text: The  respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system is a layered defense mechanism which relies on components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems to protect the lungs and the rest of the respiratory tract against inhaled microorganisms.

text: The  respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system is a layered defense mechanism which relies on components of both the

text: innate

text: and

text: adaptive immune system

text: s to protect the lungs and the rest of the

text: respiratory tract

text: against inhaled

text: microorganism

text: s.

text: Schmitt (2007) described three different modestly scaled OHP-related interventions that helped workers abstain from smoking, exercise more frequently, and shed weight. Other OHP interventions include a campaign to improve the rates of hand washing, an effort to get workers to walk more often, and a drive to get employees to be more compliant with regard to taking prescribed medicines. The interventions tended reduce organization health-care costs.

text: 1997 Southeast Asian haze, 2006 Southeast Asian haze, 2013 Southeast Asian haze and 2015 Southeast Asian haze - In all countries affected by the smoke haze, an increase of acute health outcomes was observed. Health effects including emergency room visits due to respiratory symptoms such as asthma, upper respiratory infection, decreased lung function as well as eye and skin irritation, were caused mainly by this particulate matter.

text: 1997 Southeast Asian haze

text: 2006 Southeast Asian haze

text: 2013 Southeast Asian haze

text: and

text: 2015 Southeast Asian haze

text: - In all countries affected by the smoke haze, an increase of acute health outcomes was observed. Health effects including emergency room visits due to respiratory symptoms such as

text: asthma

text: , upper respiratory infection, decreased lung function as well as eye and skin irritation, were caused mainly by this particulate matter.

text: It is believed that the route of HCoV-NL63 spread is through direct person-to-person transmission in highly populated areas.  The virus can survive for up to a week in outside of the body in aqueous solutions at room temperature and three hours on dry surfaces. Most people will be infected with a coronavirus in their lifetime, but some populations are more susceptible to HCoV-NL63.  These population include children under the age of 5, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.  The virus seems to have seasonal incidence, occurring most frequently in the winter months in temperate climates.  In more extreme and tropical climates the virus has no preference toward a particular season.  Many studies have reported the co-occurrence of HCoV-NL63 with other human coronavirus, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends several measures for the prevention of infection with HCoV-NL63 including:  washing hands often with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the eyes, mouth, or nose.

text: It is believed that the route of HCoV-NL63 spread is through direct person-to-person transmission in highly populated areas.  The virus can survive for up to a week in outside of the body in

text: aqueous solutions

text: at room temperature and three hours on dry surfaces. Most people will be infected with a coronavirus in their lifetime, but some populations are more susceptible to HCoV-NL63.  These population include children under the age of 5, the elderly, and

text: immunocompromised

text: individuals.  The virus seems to have seasonal incidence, occurring most frequently in the winter months in

text: temperate climates

text: .  In more extreme and

text: tropical climates

text: the virus has no preference toward a particular season.  Many studies have reported the co-occurrence of HCoV-NL63 with other

text: human coronavirus

text: influenza A virus

text: respiratory syncytial virus

text: (RSV),

text: parainfluenza virus

text: , and

text: human metapneumovirus

text: (hMPV). The

text: Center for Disease Control

text: (CDC) recommends several measures for the prevention of infection with HCoV-NL63 including:  washing hands often with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the eyes, mouth, or nose.

text: The scientific community in United States and Europe are primarily concerned with the possible effect of electronic cigarette use on public health. There is concern among public health experts that e-cigarettes could renormalize smoking, weaken measures to control tobacco, and serve as a gateway for smoking among youth. The public health community is divided over whether to support e-cigarettes, because their safety and efficacy for quitting smoking is unclear. Many in the public health community acknowledge the potential for their quitting smoking and decreasing harm benefits, but there remains a concern over their long-term safety and potential for a new era of users to get addicted to nicotine and then tobacco. There is concern among tobacco control academics and advocates that prevalent universal vaping "will bring its own distinct but as yet unknown health risks in the same way tobacco smoking did, as a result of chronic exposure", among other things.

text: The

text: scientific community

text: in United States and Europe are primarily concerned with the possible effect of

text: electronic cigarette

text: use on

text: public health

text: . There is concern among public health experts that e-cigarettes could renormalize smoking, weaken measures to

text: control tobacco

text: , and serve as a gateway for

text: smoking among youth

text: . The public health community is divided over whether to support e-cigarettes, because their safety and efficacy for

text: quitting smoking

text: is unclear. Many in the public health community acknowledge the potential for their quitting smoking and decreasing harm benefits, but there remains a concern over their long-term safety and potential for a new era of users to get

text: addicted to nicotine

text: and then tobacco. There is concern among tobacco control academics and advocates that prevalent universal vaping "will bring its own distinct but as yet unknown health risks in the same way tobacco smoking did, as a result of chronic exposure", among other things.

text: Each year, approximately 440,000 deaths and $193 billion in healthcare costs are related to cigarette smoking, including smoking on college campuses. (Even though taxed tobacco amount to an excess of over $245 billion locally and is funded on the behalf of cancer research) Many campuses in the United States are attempting to reduce smoking rates among students by implementing campus-wide smoking bans.  Various forms of smoking bans have been around for hundreds of years.  The first recorded legislation prohibiting tobacco use was in the Spanish colonies in 1575, passed by the Roman Catholic Church.  In the United States, smoking bans increased around the early twentieth century and have been increasing ever since.  In 1973, Arizona is the first state to pass a comprehensive law restricting smoking in public places in the current era.  The numbers of smoking bans on college campuses across the country have been increasing.  Between 2006 and 2008, the number of smoke-free campuses have quadrupled from 34 to 160, but approximately 365 US colleges and universities have implemented some kind of anti-smoking rule, both indoor and outdoor  as well as around 500 campuses have smoke-free policies set in place for their residential housing.  Smoking bans on college and university campuses have led to debates that bring forward a number of pros and cons.  For example, some pros to implementing campus wide smoking bans include creating a healthier environment and dramatically reducing the amount of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or secondhand smoke (SHS).  On the other hand, some students feel that these smoking bans violate their rights. The tobacco industry agrees that individuals should be able to avoid ETS or SHS, but believe that complete campus-wide bans "go too far".A study from 2005 found that other forms of intervention to decrease the rates of tobacco use on campus, such as restriction of tobacco distribution and restriction of smoking within 20 feet from entrances weren’t as effective as other programs like smoking cessation programs in influencing college students’ smoking behaviors. When prevention-oriented education was present on college campuses, students were 23% less likely to smoke compared to their peers who were not exposed to this kind of education. In addition to campus wide smoking bans, other interventions include health promotion programs that teach students the benefits of avoiding smoking and environments with smoke and create a general healthy college community.

text: Each year, approximately 440,000 deaths and $193 billion in

text: healthcare

text: costs are related to cigarette smoking, including smoking on college campuses. (Even though taxed tobacco amount to an excess of over $245 billion locally and is funded on the behalf of cancer research) Many campuses in the United States are attempting to reduce smoking rates among students by implementing

text: campus-wide smoking bans

text: .  Various forms of smoking bans have been around for hundreds of years.  The first recorded

text: legislation

text: prohibiting tobacco use was in the

text: Spanish colonies

text: in 1575, passed by the

text: Roman Catholic Church

text: .  In the United States, smoking bans increased around the early twentieth century and have been increasing ever since.  In 1973,

text: Arizona

text: is the first state to pass a comprehensive law restricting smoking in public places in the current era.  The numbers of smoking bans on college campuses across the country have been increasing.  Between 2006 and 2008, the number of smoke-free campuses have quadrupled from 34 to 160, but approximately 365 US colleges and universities have implemented some kind of

text: anti-smoking

text: rule, both indoor and outdoor  as well as around 500 campuses have smoke-free policies set in place for their residential housing.  Smoking bans on college and university campuses have led to debates that bring forward a number of pros and cons.  For example, some pros to implementing campus wide smoking bans include creating a healthier environment and dramatically reducing the amount of

text: environmental tobacco smoke

text: (ETS) or

text: secondhand smoke

text: (SHS).  On the other hand, some students feel that these smoking bans violate their rights. The tobacco industry agrees that individuals should be able to avoid ETS or SHS, but believe that complete campus-wide bans "go too far".A study from 2005 found that other forms of intervention to decrease the rates of tobacco use on campus, such as restriction of tobacco distribution and restriction of smoking within 20 feet from entrances weren’t as effective as other programs like smoking cessation programs in influencing college students’ smoking behaviors. When prevention-oriented education was present on college campuses, students were 23% less likely to smoke compared to their peers who were not exposed to this kind of education. In addition to campus wide smoking bans, other interventions include health promotion programs that teach students the benefits of avoiding smoking and environments with smoke and create a general healthy college community.

text: Regardless of the prevalence of the full-fledged OCPD among eating disordered samples, the presence of this personality disorder and its over-controlled quality has been found to be positively correlated with a range of complications in eating disorders, as opposed to impulsive features—those linked with histrionic personality disorder, for example—which predict better outcome from treatment. OCPD predicts including more severe anorexic symptoms, worse remission rates, and the presence of aggravating behaviors such as compulsive exercising. Compulsive exercising in eating disordered samples, along with smaller lifetime BMI and illness duration among anorexics, also correlates positively and significantly with an important OCPD trait, perfectionism.

text: Regardless of the prevalence of the full-fledged OCPD among eating disordered samples, the presence of this personality disorder and its over-controlled quality has been found to be positively correlated with a range of complications in eating disorders, as opposed to impulsive features—those linked with

text: histrionic personality disorder

text: , for example—which predict better outcome from treatment. OCPD predicts including more severe anorexic symptoms, worse remission rates, and the presence of aggravating behaviors such as compulsive exercising. Compulsive exercising in eating disordered samples, along with smaller lifetime BMI and illness duration among anorexics, also correlates positively and significantly with an important OCPD trait, perfectionism.

text: Respiratory Therapists are sometimes referred to as Respiratory Scientists who are specialists in pulmonary function.  Respiratory Therapists work with Pulmonologists in both clinical and general research of the respiratory system, ranging from the anatomy of the respiratory epithelium to the most effective treatment of pulmonary hypertension in pediatrics.  Scientific research also takes place to look for causes and possible treatment in diseases such as asthma and lung cancer.

text: Respiratory Therapists are sometimes referred to as Respiratory Scientists who are specialists in pulmonary function.  Respiratory Therapists work with

text: Pulmonologist

text: s in both clinical and general research of the

text: respiratory system

text: , ranging from the anatomy of the

text: respiratory epithelium

text: to the most effective treatment of

text: pulmonary hypertension

text: in pediatrics.  Scientific research also takes place to look for causes and possible treatment in diseases such as

text: asthma

text: and

text: lung cancer

text: In the US, a 1990s move from FFS to pure capitation provoked a backlash from patients and health care providers. Pure capitation pays only a set fee per patient, regardless of sickness, giving physicians an incentive to avoid the most costly patients. To avoid the pitfalls of FFS and pure capitation, models of episode-of-care payment and comprehensive care payment have been proposed. In 2009, Massachusetts, with the highest health care costs in the country, had a group of ten health care experts who worked under legislative mandate to come up with a plan to tackle costs (the Massachusetts Payment Reform Commission); they unanimously concluded the FFS model must be done away with. Their plan included a move away from FFS to a global payment system that had similarities to a capitated system. No US state had attempted to do away with FFS.

text: In the US, a 1990s move from FFS to pure capitation provoked a backlash from patients and health care providers. Pure capitation pays only a set fee per patient, regardless of sickness, giving physicians an incentive to avoid the most costly patients. To avoid the pitfalls of FFS and pure capitation, models of

text: episode-of-care payment

text: and

text: comprehensive care payment

text: have been proposed. In 2009,

text: Massachusetts

text: , with the highest health care costs in the country, had a group of ten health care experts who worked under legislative mandate to come up with a plan to tackle costs (the

text: Massachusetts Payment Reform Commission

text: ); they unanimously concluded the FFS model must be done away with. Their plan included a move away from FFS to a

text: global payment

text: system that had similarities to a capitated system. No US state had attempted to do away with FFS.

text: Toroidal CVTs are made up of discs and rollers that transmit power between the discs. The discs can be pictured as two almost conical parts, point to point, with the sides dished such that the two parts could fill the central hole of a torus. One disc is the input, and the other is the output. Between the discs are rollers which vary the ratio and which transfer power from one side to the other. When the roller's axis is perpendicular to the axis of the near-conical parts, it contacts the near-conical parts at same-diameter locations and thus gives a 1:1 gear ratio. The roller can be moved along the axis of the near-conical parts, changing angle as needed to maintain contact. This will cause the roller to contact the near-conical parts at varying and distinct diameters, giving a gear ratio of something other than 1:1. Systems may be partial or full toroidal. Full toroidal systems are the most efficient design while partial toroidals may still require a torque converter, and hence lose efficiency.

text: Toroidal CVTs are made up of discs and rollers that transmit power between the discs. The discs can be pictured as two almost conical parts, point to point, with the sides dished such that the two parts could fill the central hole of a

text: torus

text: . One disc is the input, and the other is the output. Between the discs are rollers which vary the ratio and which transfer power from one side to the other. When the roller's axis is perpendicular to the axis of the near-conical parts, it contacts the near-conical parts at same-diameter locations and thus gives a 1:1 gear ratio. The roller can be moved along the axis of the near-conical parts, changing angle as needed to maintain contact. This will cause the roller to contact the near-conical parts at varying and distinct diameters, giving a gear ratio of something other than 1:1. Systems may be partial or full toroidal. Full toroidal systems are the most efficient design while partial toroidals may still require a torque converter, and hence lose efficiency.

text: Tobacco smoking poses a risk to health due to the inhalation of poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke such as Carbon Monoxide, Cyanide, and Carcinogens which have been proven to cause heart and lung diseases and Cancer.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally. The WHO estimates that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004 and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century. Similarly, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describe tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide."

text: Tobacco smoking poses a risk to health due to the inhalation of poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke such as

text: Carbon Monoxide

text: Cyanide

text: , and

text: Carcinogens

text: which have been proven to cause heart and lung diseases and Cancer.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally. The WHO estimates that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004 and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century. Similarly, the United States

text: describe tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide."

text: When Edie arrives she is out of puff. She had been rushing around doing jobs for Archie. She even eats all of Miss Hoolie's biscuits! Archie asks her to pick up the game he had invented. Poor Edie has to return to Archie's castle to take him out again! This time there are no biscuits. Archie gets out of puff searching for biscuits and Edie is far too tired to go to the shop. They need someone to get them back on their feet and fit! Josie tells them they need exercise and healthy food. Miss Hoolie, Archie, Edie and the children get plenty of exercise in the nursery with Josie and enjoy playing with Archie's invention.

text: The respiratory system of birds is vulnerable to impurities in the air, which can cause a bird to choke. Impurities in the air can come from cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide, scented candles, cooking smoke such as burned oil, incense, carpet powders, or household sprays. All these impurities can harm the bird's respiratory system and cause respiratory diseases.

text: The

text: respiratory system

text: of birds is vulnerable to

text: impurities

text: in the air, which can cause a bird to choke. Impurities in the air can come from

text: cigarette smoke

text: carbon monoxide

text: , scented candles, cooking smoke such as burned

text: oil

text: incense

text: , carpet powders, or household sprays. All these impurities can harm the bird's respiratory system and cause respiratory diseases.

text: College of Respiratory Therapists of Ontario (CRTO) regulates the profession of respiratory care by setting out requirements for entry to practice in Ontario, Canada.  Authorized by the legislation "Regulated Health Professionals Act" in Ontario, the role of the College of Respiratory Therapists of Ontario is to regulate the practice of respiratory therapy and govern the registered respiratory therapists.  Respiratory therapy has been an established health care profession in Canada since 1964.

text: College of Respiratory Therapists of Ontario (CRTO) regulates the profession of

text: respiratory care

text: by setting out requirements for entry to practice in

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: .  Authorized by the legislation "Regulated Health Professionals Act" in Ontario, the role of the College of Respiratory Therapists of Ontario is to regulate the practice of respiratory therapy and govern the registered respiratory therapists.  Respiratory therapy has been an established health care profession in Canada since 1964.

text: Phosphine can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. Direct contact with phosphine liquid – although unlikely to occur – may cause frostbite, like other cryogenic liquids. The main target organ of phosphine gas is the respiratory tract. According to the 2009 U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) pocket guide, and U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation, the 8 hour average respiratory exposure should not exceed 0.3 ppm. NIOSH recommends that the short term respiratory exposure to phosphine gas should not exceed 1 ppm. The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health level is 50 ppm. Overexposure to phosphine gas causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea; thirst; chest tightness, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); muscle pain, chills; stupor or syncope; pulmonary edema. Phosphine has been reported to have the odor of decaying fish or garlic at concentrations below 0.3 ppm. The smell is normally restricted to laboratory areas or phosphine processing since the smell comes from the way the phosphine is extracted from the environment. However, it may occur elsewhere, such as in industrial waste landfills. Exposure to higher concentrations may cause olfactory fatigue.

text: Phosphine can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. Direct contact with phosphine liquid – although unlikely to occur – may cause frostbite, like other cryogenic liquids. The main target organ of phosphine gas is the respiratory tract. According to the 2009 U.S.

text: (NIOSH) pocket guide, and U.S.

text: (OSHA) regulation, the 8 hour average respiratory exposure should not exceed 0.3 ppm. NIOSH recommends that the short term respiratory exposure to phosphine gas should not exceed 1 ppm. The

text: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health

text: level is 50 ppm. Overexposure to phosphine gas causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea; thirst; chest tightness,

text: dyspnea

text: (breathing difficulty); muscle pain, chills; stupor or syncope; pulmonary edema. Phosphine has been reported to have the odor of decaying fish or garlic at concentrations below 0.3 ppm. The smell is normally restricted to laboratory areas or phosphine processing since the smell comes from the way the phosphine is extracted from the environment. However, it may occur elsewhere, such as in industrial waste landfills. Exposure to higher concentrations may cause

text: olfactory fatigue

text: Many mass deworming programs also combine their efforts with a public health education. These health education programs often stress important preventative techniques such as: washing your hands before eating, and staying away from water/areas contaminated by human faeces. These programs may also stress that shoes must be worn, however these come with their own health risks and may not be effective. Shoe wearing patterns in towns and villages across the globe are determined by cultural beliefs, and the levels of education within that society. The wearing of shoes will prevent the entry of hookworm infections from the surrounding soils into tender skin regions; such as areas between the toes.

text: Major achievements on the artistic and humanitarian level, we were able to raise your interest and convince you that he definitely deserves to be awarded the AUB Honorary Doctorate in the field of Arts and Culture for the year 2006. The United Nations Children's Fund, or UNICEF, named Al-Saher as the new goodwill ambassador for Iraq for the year 2011. For Al-Saher, this was a compelling reason to visit his country after 14 years

text: Major achievements on the artistic and humanitarian level, we were able to raise your interest and convince you that he definitely deserves to be awarded the AUB Honorary Doctorate in the field of Arts and Culture for the year 2006. The United Nations Children's Fund, or

text: UNICEF

text: , named Al-Saher as the new goodwill ambassador for Iraq for the year 2011. For Al-Saher, this was a compelling reason to visit his country after 14 years

text: RER is about 0.8 at rest with a modern diet. This value however, can exceed 1 during intense exercise, as CO production by the working muscles becomes greater and more of the inhaled O gets used rather than being expelled.  During moderate or higher intensity aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise, using RER for estimating RQ loses accuracy because of factors including bicarbonate buffering of hydrogen ions, which affects the CO levels being expelled by the respiratory system.

text: Most medical conditions that occur while in flight do not constitute a medical emergency and can be treated with medication, if available.  Some documented non-emergency conditions that have occurred while in space include Space Adaptation Sickness, motion sickness, headache, sleeplessness, back pain, trauma, burns, dermatological conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, respiratory illness and genitourinary problems.

text: Most medical conditions that occur while in flight do not constitute a medical emergency and can be treated with medication, if available.  Some documented non-emergency conditions that have occurred while in space include

text: Space Adaptation Sickness

text: motion sickness

text: headache

text: sleeplessness

text: back pain

text: trauma

text: burn

text: s,

text: dermatological conditions

text: musculoskeletal conditions

text: respiratory illness

text: and

text: genitourinary

text: problems.

text: The tissue of the lungs can be affected by a number of diseases, including pneumonia and lung cancer. Chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema can be related to smoking or exposure to harmful substances. Diseases such as bronchitis can also affect the respiratory tract.

text: The

text: tissue of the lungs

text: can be affected by a

text: number of diseases

text: , including

text: pneumonia

text: and

text: lung cancer

text: . Chronic diseases such as

text: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

text: and

text: emphysema

text: can be related to

text: smoking

text: or exposure to harmful substances. Diseases such as

text: bronchitis

text: can also affect the

text: respiratory tract

text: Some doctors and clinics have been found to overbill and/or double bill the Canadian Health System. Some walk-in clinics intake regular patients at a higher cost to the system without informing the patients about the cost or other options that might be available.  In Canada, doctors do not disclose the costs of visits or procedures to the patients. That information can only be obtained through a freedom of information request. This lack of transparency contributes to the proliferation of this form of corruption.

text: Some doctors and clinics have been found to overbill and/or double bill the

text: Canadian Health System

text: . Some walk-in clinics intake regular patients at a higher cost to the system without informing the patients about the cost or other options that might be available.  In Canada, doctors do not disclose the costs of visits or procedures to the patients. That information can only be obtained through a freedom of information request. This lack of transparency contributes to the proliferation of this form of corruption.

text: Haematology– Hand surgery– Healer (alternative medicine)– Healing– Health applications and clinical studies of meditation– Health care delivery– Health care industry– Health care system– Health care– Health claims on food labels– Health disparities– Health economics– Health education– Health geography– Health literacy– Health observatory– Health profession– Health promotion– Health science– Health– Healthcare inequality– Healthcare– Healthy diet– Healthy eating– History of medicine– Holistic health– Home birth– Home remedy– Homeopathy– Homeostasis– Hormone– Hospice– Hospital accreditation– Hospital– Human anatomy– Human cloning– Human enhancement– Hygiene

text: Haematology

text: Hand surgery

text: Healer (alternative medicine)

text: Healing

text: Health applications and clinical studies of meditation

text: Health care delivery

text: Health care industry

text: Health care system

text: Health care

text: Health claims on food labels

text: Health disparities

text: Health economics

text: Health education

text: Health geography

text: Health literacy

text: Health observatory

text: Health profession

text: Health promotion

text: Health science

text: Health

text: Healthcare inequality

text: Healthcare

text: Healthy diet

text: Healthy eating

text: History of medicine

text: Holistic health

text: Home birth

text: Home remedy

text: Homeopathy

text: Homeostasis

text: Hormone

text: Hospice

text: Hospital accreditation

text: Hospital

text: Human anatomy

text: Human cloning

text: Human enhancement

text: Hygiene

text: The Systematic Review of the Impact of the Environment on Health in Mongolia revealed that poor environmental management and behaviors have increased Mongolian children's exposure to environmental risk factors and adverse health outcomes. The results from the study indicate that respiratory diseases and neurodevelopment disorders among youth are common due to significant exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution, metals, tobacco smoke and other chemical toxins.

text: A less common but increasingly popular alternative to smoking is vaporizers, which use hot air convection to deliver the substance without combustion, which may reduce health risks. A portable vaporization alternative appeared in 2003 with the introduction of electronic cigarettes, battery-operated, cigarette-shaped devices which produce an aerosol intended to mimic the smoke from burning tobacco, delivering nicotine to the user without some of the harmful substances released in tobacco smoke.

text: A less common but increasingly popular alternative to smoking is vaporizers, which use hot air convection to deliver the substance without combustion, which may reduce health risks. A portable vaporization alternative appeared in 2003 with the introduction of

text: electronic cigarette

text: s, battery-operated, cigarette-shaped devices which produce an aerosol intended to mimic the smoke from burning tobacco, delivering nicotine to the user without some of the harmful substances released in tobacco smoke.

text: In practice, at least one recent survey (Abbottabad, Pakistan) found that observant Muslims tend to avoid smoking. A study of young Muslim Arab-Americans found that Islamic influences were correlated with some diminished smoking. Conversely, an Egyptian study found that knowledge of an anti-smoking fatwa did not reduce smoking. Overall, the prevalence of smoking is increasing in Islamic countries.

text: In practice, at least one recent survey (Abbottabad,

text: Pakistan

text: ) found that observant Muslims tend to avoid smoking. A study of young Muslim Arab-Americans found that Islamic influences were correlated with some diminished smoking. Conversely, an Egyptian study found that knowledge of an anti-smoking

text: fatwa

text: did not reduce smoking. Overall, the prevalence of smoking is increasing in Islamic countries.

text: Tiep consumption is understandable from the farming point of view but also from its benefits. Eating plenty of fish on a regular basis can help protect you from a range of serious diseases such as Alzheimer's, cancer or heart disease. Eating a diet rich in vegetables may reduce risk for stroke, cancer, heart diseases and type-2 diabetes.The nutrients in vegetables are vital for health and maintenance of your body.The health benefits of rice include its ability to provide fast and instant energy, regulate and improve bowel movements, stabilize blood sugar levels, and slow down the aging process, while also providing an essential source of vitamin B1 to the human body. Other benefits include its ability to boost skin health, increase the metabolism, aid in digestion, reduce high blood pressure, help weight loss efforts, improve the immune system and provide protection against dysentery, cancer, and heart disease.

text: Tiep consumption is understandable from the farming point of view but also from its benefits. Eating plenty of fish on a regular basis can help protect you from a range of serious diseases such as

text: Alzheimer

text: 's, cancer or heart disease. Eating a diet rich in vegetables may reduce risk for stroke, cancer, heart diseases and type-2 diabetes.The nutrients in vegetables are vital for health and maintenance of your body.The health benefits of rice include its ability to provide fast and instant energy, regulate and improve bowel movements, stabilize blood sugar levels, and slow down the aging process, while also providing an essential source of vitamin B1 to the human body. Other benefits include its ability to boost skin health, increase the metabolism, aid in digestion, reduce high blood pressure, help weight loss efforts, improve the immune system and provide protection against dysentery, cancer, and heart disease.

text: The original theory models addictions as the implementation of a forward-looking consumption plan made under full certainty and perfect information, where the individual is entirely committed toward maximizing utility. Addiction is defined in a non-physiological sense as a causal effect of past consumption on current consumption, so that addictiveness is specific to individuals. The addict knows exactly how the good will affect him, and the reason he consumes more and more ("gets hooked") is that this is the pattern of consumption that maximizes his discounted utility. He knows that consuming the addictive good will change his preferences, altering both his future baseline level of utility and the marginal utility of consuming the addictive good in the future. For example, a modeled smoker realizes that smoking one more cigarette today will increase his desire to smoke tomorrow and decrease his future health. Rational choice amounts to comparing the benefit of smoking that cigarette to the total discounted costs of smoking that cigarette, including both the monetary cost of the cigarette, the health damages of that cigarette, and the costs of increased future smoking resulting from greater addiction. As a result, if cigarette taxes are credibly announced to double in one year's time, cigarette smokers will cut their smoking today, because the anticipated future costs of addiction to tobacco have gone up.

text: The original theory models addictions as the implementation of a forward-looking consumption plan made under full certainty and

text: perfect information

text: , where the individual is entirely committed toward maximizing utility. Addiction is defined in a non-physiological sense as a causal effect of past consumption on current consumption, so that addictiveness is specific to individuals. The addict knows exactly how the good will affect him, and the reason he consumes more and more ("gets hooked") is that this is the pattern of consumption that maximizes his

text: discounted utility

text: . He knows that consuming the addictive good will change his preferences, altering both his future baseline level of utility and the marginal utility of consuming the addictive good in the future. For example, a modeled smoker realizes that smoking one more cigarette today will increase his desire to smoke tomorrow and decrease his future health. Rational choice amounts to comparing the benefit of smoking that cigarette to the total discounted costs of smoking that cigarette, including both the monetary cost of the cigarette, the health damages of that cigarette, and the costs of increased future smoking resulting from greater addiction. As a result, if cigarette taxes are credibly announced to double in one year's time, cigarette smokers will cut their smoking today, because the anticipated future costs of addiction to tobacco have gone up.

text: There are facets to these systems that present some labor investment in large-scale applications. These are primarily management of media between uses, such as washing and sterilization. This can be done by dumping into the tray and filling with a sterilizing solution such as hydrogen peroxide or chlorine solution, temporarily plugging the drain, with hand removal of root fragments. Larger containers require transferring the media to a suitable surface after sterilization to permit removal of leftover plant material.

text: There are facets to these systems that present some labor investment in large-scale applications. These are primarily management of media between uses, such as washing and sterilization. This can be done by dumping into the tray and filling with a sterilizing solution such as

text: hydrogen peroxide

text: or

text: chlorine

text: solution, temporarily plugging the drain, with hand removal of root fragments. Larger containers require transferring the media to a suitable surface after sterilization to permit removal of leftover plant material.

text: In 2009, the air force inducted the two types of AEW&Cs systems aircraft: four Saab 2000 Erieye from Sweden, and six –a Chinese AWACS based on the Shaanxi Y-8F cargo aircraft. Four Il-78 aerial tankers, capable of refueling the F-16s, Mirage III, Mirage V, JF-17s and FC-20, have been acquired second-hand from Ukrainian surplus stocks. The fleet of FT-5 and T-37 trainers is being replaced by around 75 K-8 Karakorum intermediate (jet) training aircraft. Other major developments on avionics, robotics, computer systems, radars, and AEW&CS systems are continue to be underdeveloped by the local aerospace industries; some of its electronic systems were exhibited in IDEAS 2014 held in Karachi. Since the 1960s, the air force has been regularly combat military exercises such as Exercise Saffron Bandit and Exercise High Mark modeled on the U.S.-based TOPGUN; many authors believe the PAF is  capable of mastering the methods of "toss-bombing", since the 1990s.

text: In 2009, the air force inducted the two types of

text: AEW&Cs

text: systems aircraft: four

text: Saab 2000

text: Erieye

text: from

text: Sweden

text: , and six –a Chinese AWACS based on the

text: Shaanxi Y-8F

text: cargo aircraft. Four

text: aerial tankers, capable of refueling the

text: Mirage III

text: Mirage V

text: and

text: , have been acquired second-hand from

text: Ukrainian surplus stocks

text: . The fleet of

text: and

text: trainers is being replaced by around 75

text: K-8 Karakorum

text: intermediate (jet) training aircraft. Other major developments on

text: avionics

text: robotics

text: computer systems

text: radar

text: s, and

text: AEW&CS

text: systems are continue to be underdeveloped by the local aerospace industries; some of its electronic systems were exhibited in

entity_name: International Defence Exhibition and Seminar

text: IDEAS 2014

text: held in

text: Karachi

text: . Since the 1960s, the air force has been regularly combat

text: military exercise

text: s such as

text: Exercise Saffron Bandit

text: and Exercise High Mark modeled on the

text: U.S.

text: -based

text: TOPGUN

text: ; many authors believe the PAF is  capable of mastering the methods of

text: "toss-bombing"

text: , since the 1990s.

text: 2009 Working with policy leaders in Springfield, Respiratory Health Association secures the inclusion of questions about COPD on the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the state's health survey. The survey gathers critical information about COPD in Illinois, and it provides lawmakers, researchers and public health professionals a more accurate portrayal of the disease, its impacts and how to address it.

text: The trust keeps unusually high quality performance data and uses the VitalPac observations system, the Datix incident reporting tool and Allocate’s HealthRoster staffing software.  This formed the basis of a study, led by Alison Leary, professor and chair of healthcare and workforce modelling at London South Bank University along with colleagues Dr Rob Cook Wolfram and Dr Sarahjane Jones Birmingham City University at which demonstrated a significant relationship between the number of nurses on duty in hospitals and 40 indicators of patient care and outcomes.  These included slips, trips and falls, sickness, blood pressure, respiratory rate and temperature.  The study, commissioned by Jane Cummings of NHS England was leaked shortly after the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence abandoned its work on safe staffing in hospitals.

text: The trust keeps unusually high quality performance data and uses the

text: VitalPac

text: observations system, the

text: Datix

text: incident reporting tool and Allocate’s

text: HealthRoster

text: staffing software.  This formed the basis of a study, led by

text: Alison Leary

text: , professor and chair of healthcare and workforce modelling at

text: London South Bank University

text: along with colleagues Dr Rob Cook

text: Wolfram

text: and Dr Sarahjane Jones

text: Birmingham City University

text: at which demonstrated a significant relationship between the number of nurses on duty in hospitals and 40 indicators of patient care and outcomes.  These included slips, trips and falls, sickness, blood pressure, respiratory rate and temperature.  The study, commissioned by

text: Jane Cummings

text: of

text: NHS England

text: was leaked shortly after the

entity_name: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

text: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

text: abandoned its work on safe staffing in hospitals.

text: Second-hand smoking (SHS) is a combination of sidestream smoke (i.e., smoke emitted from the burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar) and the mainstream smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers. It contains more than 4,000 chemicals, many of which are known to have affect health. These may include ammonia, acrolein, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, many of which contain irritants and toxicants to the eye and respiratory tract.

text: Second-hand smoking

text: (SHS) is a combination of sidestream smoke (i.e., smoke emitted from the burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar) and the mainstream smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers. It contains more than 4,000 chemicals, many of which are known to have affect health. These may include ammonia, acrolein, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, many of which contain irritants and toxicants to the eye and respiratory tract.

text: This outcome presents substantial public health risks as the waste could contaminate drinking water and cause life-threatening forms of diarrhea to infants. Most cities can neither afford a sewage collection system, nor a sewage treatment system. Improved sanitation, including hand washing and water purification, could save the lives of 1.5 million children who die from diarrheal diseases each year.

text: This outcome presents substantial public health risks as the waste could contaminate

text: drinking water

text: and cause life-threatening forms of

text: diarrhea

text: to infants. Most cities can neither afford a sewage collection system, nor a sewage treatment system. Improved sanitation, including

text: hand washing

text: and water purification, could save the lives of 1.5 million children who die from diarrheal diseases each year.

text: This is a common lower respiratory disease that can be caused by exposure to harmful chemicals, or prolonged use of tobacco. This disease is chronic and progressive, the damage to your lungs is irreversible and eventually fatal. This disease destroys the alveoli, and lung tissue. Damage to these air sacs, and tissue makes breathing very difficult, causing shortness in breath, hyperventilation, and raised chest. The decreased amount of alveoli causes loss of oxygen (O2) to the lungs, and more accumulation of carbon monoxide (CO). There are two types of emphysema: primary and secondary. Primary emphysema can be found in younger adults. This type of emphysema  deteriorates the air sacs, and lung mass. Secondary emphysema can be found in older adults who smoke/have smoked and have a history of chronic bronchitis.(5)

text: This is a common lower respiratory disease that can be caused by exposure to harmful chemicals, or prolonged use of tobacco. This disease is chronic and progressive, the damage to your lungs is irreversible and eventually fatal. This disease destroys the alveoli, and lung tissue. Damage to these air sacs, and tissue makes breathing very difficult, causing shortness in breath, hyperventilation, and raised chest. The decreased amount of alveoli causes loss of oxygen (O2) to the lungs, and more accumulation of carbon monoxide (CO). There are two types of

text: emphysema

text: : primary and secondary. Primary emphysema can be found in younger adults. This type of emphysema  deteriorates the air sacs, and lung mass. Secondary emphysema can be found in older adults who smoke/have smoked and have a history of chronic bronchitis.(5)

text: It is recommended that people avoid contact if possible. Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning or reacting material. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Do not store near other chemicals (especially other oxidizers), near sources of heating, or places where rapid temperature changes may occur. In case of spillage immediately soak with water and carefully and slowly clean up. In case of fire let burn; DO NOT attempt to put out the resulting fire. In any case where the compound is ingested call Poison Control Center immediately.

text: It is recommended that people avoid contact if possible. Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning or reacting material. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Do not store near other chemicals (especially other oxidizers), near sources of heating, or places where rapid temperature changes may occur. In case of spillage immediately soak with water and carefully and slowly clean up. In case of fire let burn; DO NOT attempt to put out the resulting fire. In any case where the compound is ingested call

text: Poison Control Center

text: immediately.

text: 2. Always wash your hands after using the bathroom, after changing a baby's diaper, after touching pets or other animals, and after sneezing or coughing

text: In contrast, a study by several  showed: "No association was found between exposure to incense burning and respiratory symptoms like chronic cough, chronic sputum, chronic bronchitis, runny nose, wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis, or pneumonia among the three populations studied: i.e. primary school children, their non-smoking mothers, or a group of older non-smoking female controls. Incense burning did not affect lung cancer risk among non-smokers, but it significantly reduced risk among smokers, even after adjusting for lifetime smoking amount." However, the researchers qualified the findings by noting that incense burning in the studied population was associated with certain low-cancer-risk dietary habits, and concluded that "diet can be a significant confounder of epidemiological studies on air pollution and respiratory health."

text: As a result of the lack of good data for supplementation and the strong data for dietary pattern, public health recommendations for healthy eating urge people to eat a plant-based diet of whole foods, minimizing processed food, salt and sugar and to get exercise daily, and to abandon Western pattern diets and a sedentary lifestyle.

text: As a result of the lack of good data for supplementation and the strong data for dietary pattern, public health recommendations for

text: healthy eating

text: urge people to eat a

text: plant-based diet

text: of whole foods, minimizing processed food, salt and sugar and to get exercise daily, and to abandon

text: Western pattern diet

text: s and a sedentary lifestyle.

text: When visiting a doctor, the basic diagnosis procedure applies. This includes checking the patient's medical history and medical record for risk factors, a medical interview during which the doctor asks questions (such as about itching and scratching), and a physical examination. Athlete's foot can usually be diagnosed by visual inspection of the skin and by identifying less obvious symptoms such as itching of the affected area.

text: Beagles are excellent with children and this is one of the reasons they have become popular family pets, but they are pack animals, and are prone to separation anxiety, a condition which causes them to destroy things when left unattended.  Not all Beagles will howl, but most will bark when confronted with strange situations, and some will bay (also referred to as "speaking", "giving tongue", or "opening") when they catch the scent of potential quarry. They also generally get along well with other dogs. They are not too demanding with regard to exercise; their inbred stamina means they do not easily tire when exercised, but they also do not need to be worked to exhaustion before they will rest. Regular exercise helps ward off the weight gain to which the breed is prone.

text: Beagles are excellent with children and this is one of the reasons they have become popular family pets, but they are pack animals, and are prone to

text: separation anxiety

text: , a condition which causes them to destroy things when left unattended.  Not all Beagles will howl, but most will bark when confronted with strange situations, and some will bay (also referred to as "speaking", "giving tongue", or "opening") when they catch the scent of potential quarry. They also generally get along well with other dogs. They are not too demanding with regard to exercise; their inbred stamina means they do not easily tire when exercised, but they also do not need to be worked to exhaustion before they will rest. Regular exercise helps ward off the weight gain to which the breed is prone.

text: The apparent lack of airborne transmission among humans is believed to be due to low levels of the virus in the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system of primates, insufficient to cause new infections. A number of studies examining airborne transmission broadly concluded that transmission from pigs to primates could happen without direct contact because, unlike humans and primates, pigs with EVD get very high ebolavirus concentrations in their lungs, and not their bloodstream. Therefore, pigs with EVD can spread the disease through droplets in the air or on the ground when they sneeze or cough. By contrast, humans and other primates accumulate the virus throughout their body and specifically in their blood, but not very much in their lungs. It is believed that this is the reason researchers have observed pig to primate transmission without physical contact, but no evidence has been found of primates being infected without actual contact, even in experiments where infected and uninfected primates shared the same air.

text: The apparent lack of airborne transmission among humans is believed to be due to low levels of the virus in the

text: lungs

text: and other parts of the

text: respiratory system

text: of primates, insufficient to cause new infections. A number of studies examining airborne transmission broadly concluded that transmission from pigs to primates could happen without direct contact because, unlike humans and primates, pigs with EVD get very high ebolavirus concentrations in their lungs, and not their bloodstream. Therefore, pigs with EVD can spread the disease through droplets in the air or on the ground when they sneeze or cough. By contrast, humans and other primates accumulate the virus throughout their body and specifically in their blood, but not very much in their lungs. It is believed that this is the reason researchers have observed pig to primate transmission without physical contact, but no evidence has been found of primates being infected without actual contact, even in experiments where infected and uninfected primates shared the same air.

text: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA is a common type of bacteria that is normally found on the skin of people and animals. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the same bacterium that has become resistant to some antibiotics. Cats and other animals often can carry MRSA without being sick, but MRSA can cause a variety of infections, including of the skin, respiratory tract, and urinary tract of people. MRSA can be transmitted back and forth between people and animals through direct contact. In people, MRSA most often causes skin infections that can range from mild to severe. If left untreated, MRSA can spread to the bloodstream or lungs and cause life-threatening infections.

text: In 2014 she is a consultant GMS / OASYS at Grant Management Solutions Mali25 August [What ?] - November 30, 2013 Mali OASYS / GMS Consultant Technical support for strengthening the CCM- Mali (review and update documents, system Mali CCM governance, role and responsibilities of members of the Technical Secretariat building, training of members on strategic monitoring June 9 -. 10 August 2013 Cote d' Ivoire PEPFAR / USAID Chief Branch Health System Strengthening 've Ensure monitoring and technical and programmatic support SSR activities and ongoing advice and support to start up new activities feed: - Pilot project leadership, decentralized management in two regions of Côte d' Ivoire ( implemented by LMG ) - Draft support decentralization of the pharmaceutical supply chain ( MSH / SCMS ) - February 2, 2013 Consultant UNDP Mali Facilitator workshop Organization Self-Assessment of national systems for monitoring and evaluation of the fight - Projects SHOPS 27 Jan against HIV / AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis July–August 2012 Burkina DAT / UNAIDS. Consultant Development Sector Policy Commitment tripartite between actors in the fight against HIV and AIDS in the workplace in BURKINA FASO December 2011. NA DAT / UNAIDS. Playback quality consultant and interim report analyzing the epidemic, determinants of vulnerability and response to HIV / AIDS in the countries of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) insurance. August to October 2011 Guinea UNAIDS / RST Consultant Strengthening Institutional Capacity of the CCM / Guinea for the governance of the Global Fund Grants to Fight against AIDS, Tuberculosis and lepaludisme. Functional analysis of the CCM - Guinea Supporting development and institutional organization of the CCM - Guinea Development of Governance Manual for Training Guinea CCM CCM and PR in the strategic monitoring of grants FM Abuja in June 2011 UNAIDS / RST Consultant consultations with ComitésJuin 2011 Abuja UNAIDS / RST Consultant consultations with National Committees for the Fight against AIDS ( CNLS) and ECOWAS Forum ECOWAS partners on HIV and AIDS. UNAIDS / ECOWAS. From August 2010 to June 2011 Dakar Abuja UNAIDS / RST Consultant Development of Regional Strategic Plan to fight against HIV and AIDS in ECOWAS. UNAIDS / RST. From February to March 2010 DRC DAT / UNAIDS Consultant Review of institutional and organizational framework for the fight against AIDS in the Democratic Republic of Congo DRC. August to September 2009 Niger DAT / UNAIDS Consultant Technical Assistance Mission to the Programmatic Management Control Unit Health Sector against STI / HIV / AIDS of the Ministry of Health of Niger. From September 2007 to May 2009 gov t Senegal Minister of Health Coordinating the development and validation of the National Health Development Plan of Senegal (PNDS 2009-2018), Evaluation and monitoring of the implementation of the Declaration of Commitment country health ; development of National health Accounts, development and validation of a policy of maintenance of medical equipment ; Evaluation of Hospital Reform after 10 years of development oeuvre.au Senegal ; development of advocacy materials in the promotion of health, the fight against disease and universal coverage of health insurance. Co- Chair of the International Conference on AIDS in Africa ( ICASA) in Dakar in December 2008. Co-organizer of the International Exhibition of health and medical equipment in November 2008 in Dakar. From April to September 2007 UNDP Senegal National Adviser of the UN system on HIV Facilitation and support to riposteconjointe of UN agencies at national HIV Strengthen collaboration between the UN system and the government, civil society, the private sector, development Partners and the National Network of People Living with HIV Support to national efforts in monitoring and evaluation, social mobilization and development of policies and programs against AIDS from September 2003 to March 2007 Senegal national Council fight against AIDS ( CNLS) Officer of the Global Fund Monitoring and evaluation of program implementation grants from the Global Fund Selection and capacity building of sub-recipients, performance evaluation of sub-recipients Coordination of the preparation of technical documents ( Plan supply management, monitoring and evaluation plan ) Preparation of progress reports and requests dedécaissement Support CCM Senegal for the establishment, the definition and development of working documents ( Terms of Reference, Rules of Procedure) from April to September 2006 Senegal SE / CNLS Officer Coordinating the development of the National Strategic Plan for the Fight against AIDS (NSP 2007-2011 ) program. From January 2002 to September 2003 Senegal DLSI / Ministry of Health Head Office Support HIV planning, support for implementation, supervision of activities Coordination of the National Steering Committee of Voluntary Counselling and Testing Coordination Committee drafting standards and Guidelines Centres Coordination Councils and Voluntary Testing the definition and implementation work of the decentralization policy initiative Senegalese antiretroviral access in areas Member of the editorial boards of documents on standards supported with antiretrovirals at health posts, health centers and hospitals member group a number of technical documents : the National Policy on injection Safety in Senegal Senegal 's proposals to the Global Fund to Fight against AIDS, tuberculosis and Malaria ; Guides syndromic management of STIs; Guides counseling and support for HIV strategic Plan 2002-2006 contrele fight AIDS ; strategic Plan to Fight against AIDS 2007-2011.2002 Chad Guinea technical support for the development of AIDS proposal to the Global Fund and the establishment of the CCM for different countries of West Africa and Central Republic of Chad Republic of Guinea Guinea Bissau 2003 technical Assistance for development of the Global Fund to fight against AIDS project in Guinea Bissau as well as for the implementation of the CCM from August 1999 - December Senegal ANRS 2001 / IMEA Physician Clinical Coordination and monitoring test cohort 1st clinical trials of antiretrovirals in Dakar 12-06 ANRS 1999 and ANRS 12-04 Senegal CREMSA Consultant needs assessment in the diagnosis and management of Respiratory infections in Low prescribers in Senegal " with CREMSA ( Rhône Poulenc Centre Médico - social Studies in Francophone Africa) Methodology and data analysis research project OBSAIRV on" antibiotic Lower Respiratory infections in Dakar "with CREMSA ( Rhône Poulenc Centre of social Medicine Studies in Francophone Africa ) 1998 Senegal UNHCR / OFADEC Consultant Physician Consultant UNHCR / OFADEC for refugee Assistance Project Office for Social Orientation urban refugees Dakar January in December 1997 Senegal Senegal NACP research Assistant Coordinator operational research on " intervention strategies among female sex workers in Dakar " supervisions activities support and STI prevention in health districts and centers support TS (IST center ) Training of trainers on the use of guides syndromic management of STIs in the place of doctors, nurses and midwives, 1995-1996 Senegal Ministry of Health epidemiological Investigations Investigator on: diagnostic capability STD health centers in the districts of Rufisque, Tambacounda and Kolda NAP preliminary investigation for the implementation of the program to fight against diabetes in Richard Toll in northern Senegal in 1995 Morbidity and mortality related to malaria in the Thies region with the program against malaria and the infectious diseases in 1994.Since February 19, 2014 due to the favor of a decree of the Prime Minister, she was appointed Executive Secretary of CNLS National Council for the Fight against AIDS Ibra Ndoye succeeding Dr.

text: In 2014 she is a consultant GMS / OASYS at Grant Management Solutions Mali25 August [What ?] - November 30, 2013 Mali OASYS / GMS Consultant Technical support for strengthening the CCM- Mali (review and update documents, system Mali CCM governance, role and responsibilities of members of the Technical Secretariat building, training of members on strategic monitoring June 9 -. 10 August 2013 Cote d' Ivoire PEPFAR / USAID Chief Branch Health System Strengthening 've Ensure monitoring and technical and programmatic support SSR activities and ongoing advice and support to start up new activities feed: - Pilot project leadership, decentralized management in two regions of Côte d' Ivoire ( implemented by LMG ) - Draft support decentralization of the pharmaceutical supply chain ( MSH / SCMS ) - February 2, 2013 Consultant UNDP Mali Facilitator workshop Organization Self-Assessment of national systems for

text: monitoring and evaluation

text:
The Brooklyn Hospital Center Inpatient and Specialized Services:
Dental Care & Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery
Emergency Medicine
Family Medicine
Internal Medicine: Allergy, Cancer Care, Cardiology, Dermatology, Dialysis Services, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Infectious Diseases, Nephrology, Neurology, Pulmonary Medicine, Rheumatology
OB/GYN: Gynecologic Oncology, Reproductive Genetics, Labor and Delivery
Pediatrics: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pediatric Genetics, Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive CarePsychiatry
Radiology: Diagnostic Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Interventional Radiology, Nuclear Medicine
Surgery: Cardiothoracic, Minimally Invasive, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Orthopaedic, Podiatry, Urology, Vascular, Weight Loss, Specialized Services: Colonoscopy/Endoscopy, Detox Unit, Geriatric Unit, Head and Neck, Rehabilitation Services, Respiratory Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Speech & Hearing, Stroke Center, Otolaryngology, Palliative Care, Pastoral Care, Program for AIDS Treatment and Health, Travel Medicine, and Wound Care.
The Brooklyn Hospital Center Community-Based Facilities: All sites are NCQA-designated Patient Centered  Medical Homes and provide primary, preventive and specialty care services including pediatrics and ob-gyn.
 - 61st Street Family Health Center – Sunset Park (languages spoken: English, Mandarin, Cantonese)
- La Providencia Family Health Center – Bushwick (languages spoken: English, Spanish)
- Manhattan Avenue Family Health Center – Greenpoint (languages spoken: English, Polish)
- Williamsburg Family Health Center (languages spoken: English, Spanish, Yiddish)
On-campus Outpatient Services:
 Women’s Health Center, Children’s Health Center, Program for AIDS Treatment and Health (PATH), Dentistry & Oral Surgery, Dialysis treatment, Radiology, Pediatric and Adult Oncology

text:
The Brooklyn Hospital Center Inpatient and Specialized Services:
Dental Care & Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery
Emergency Medicine
Family Medicine
Internal Medicine: Allergy, Cancer Care, Cardiology, Dermatology, Dialysis Services, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Infectious Diseases, Nephrology, Neurology, Pulmonary Medicine, Rheumatology
OB/GYN: Gynecologic Oncology, Reproductive Genetics, Labor and Delivery
Pediatrics: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pediatric Genetics, Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive CarePsychiatry
Radiology: Diagnostic Radiology, Radiation Oncology, Interventional Radiology, Nuclear Medicine
Surgery: Cardiothoracic, Minimally Invasive, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Orthopaedic, Podiatry, Urology, Vascular, Weight Loss, Specialized Services: Colonoscopy/Endoscopy, Detox Unit, Geriatric Unit, Head and Neck, Rehabilitation Services, Respiratory Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Speech & Hearing, Stroke Center, Otolaryngology, Palliative Care, Pastoral Care, Program for AIDS Treatment and Health, Travel Medicine, and Wound Care.
The Brooklyn Hospital Center Community-Based Facilities: All sites are NCQA-designated Patient Centered

text: Medical Homes

text:
and provide primary, preventive and specialty care services including pediatrics and ob-gyn.
 - 61st Street Family Health Center – Sunset Park (languages spoken: English, Mandarin, Cantonese)
- La Providencia Family Health Center – Bushwick (languages spoken: English, Spanish)
- Manhattan Avenue Family Health Center – Greenpoint (languages spoken: English, Polish)
- Williamsburg Family Health Center (languages spoken: English, Spanish, Yiddish)
On-campus Outpatient Services:
 Women’s Health Center, Children’s Health Center, Program for AIDS Treatment and Health (PATH), Dentistry & Oral Surgery, Dialysis treatment, Radiology, Pediatric and Adult Oncology

text: Since both the digestive system and the respiratory system are connected by the pharynx, there are many problems and diseases that occur when the body is unable to regulate passage of food and air into the appropriate tracts. Perhaps the most preventable cause of damage to these reflexes originates from smoking. One study has shown that, when compared to non-smokers, the threshold volumes (in other words the lowest volume at which one of these reflexes is triggered) for both the pharyngo-upper esophageal sphincter contractile reflex and reflexive pharyngeal swallowing is increased.

text: The DGP seeks "to promote the study, research and teaching, training and continuing education, prevention, care and rehabilitation in the field of respiratory medicine, including intensive care medicine with the focus on mechanical ventilatory support". It promotes "cooperation between medical and allied professional groups" within the field, represents the interests of the field in the public domain and works closely with "other bodies and professional associations". The DGP's activities include organizing congresses for professionals in the field of respiratory medicine, issuing guidelines and statements and promoting young doctors and researchers as well as allied health professionals. Besides improving standards of medical education at the university level as well as of specialist postgraduate training, the society focuses on improving the standard of information and preventative measures in respect of all aspects of respiratory health.

text: The DGP seeks "to promote the study, research and teaching, training and continuing education, prevention, care and rehabilitation in the field of respiratory medicine, including

text: intensive care medicine

text: with the focus on mechanical ventilatory support". It promotes "cooperation between medical and allied professional groups" within the field, represents the interests of the field in the public domain and works closely with "other bodies and professional associations". The DGP's activities include organizing congresses for professionals in the field of respiratory medicine, issuing

text: guidelines

text: and statements and promoting young doctors and researchers as well as allied health professionals. Besides improving standards of

text: medical education

text: at the university level as well as of specialist postgraduate training, the society focuses on improving the standard of information and preventative measures in respect of all aspects of respiratory

text: health

text: For some people, a preoccupation with food becomes a way to gain control over one aspect of their lives. Although it may start out as simply eating a bit more or less than usual, the behavior can spiral out of control and take over the person’s life. Eating disorders are a serious medical problem that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated. It is common for people with eating disorders to hide their unhealthy behaviors, so it can be difficult to recognize the signs of an eating disorder, especially early on. According to WebMD, the signs of anorexia can be “subtle at first because it develops gradually” (WebMD). It may begin as an interest in dieting before an event like a school dance or a beach vacation, but as the disorder takes hold, “preoccupation with weight intensifies” (WebMD). It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight a person loses, the more than person worries and obsesses about weight. There are a numerous amount of signs and symptoms of anorexia, but some of them that are common in most people include: “dramatic weight loss, wearing loose, bulky clothes to hide weight loss, refusal to eat certain foods, such as carbs or fats, avoiding mealtimes or eating in front of others, making comments about being ‘fat’, exercising excessively, stopping menstruating, and complaining about constipation or stomach pain” (WebMD). People with anorexia are very good at hiding it; therefore, the disease can become severe before anyone around them notices anything wrong (WebMD). If left untreated, anorexia can lead to serious complications such as malnutrition and organ failure (WebMD).

text: For some people, a preoccupation with food becomes a way to gain control over one aspect of their lives. Although it may start out as simply eating a bit more or less than usual, the behavior can spiral out of control and take over the person’s life. Eating disorders are a serious medical problem that can have long-term health consequences if left untreated. It is common for people with eating disorders to hide their unhealthy behaviors, so it can be difficult to recognize the signs of an eating disorder, especially early on. According to

text: WebMD

text: , the signs of anorexia can be “subtle at first because it develops gradually” (WebMD). It may begin as an interest in dieting before an event like a school dance or a beach vacation, but as the disorder takes hold, “preoccupation with weight intensifies” (WebMD). It creates a vicious cycle: The more weight a person loses, the more than person worries and obsesses about weight. There are a numerous amount of signs and symptoms of anorexia, but some of them that are common in most people include: “dramatic weight loss, wearing loose, bulky clothes to hide weight loss, refusal to eat certain foods, such as carbs or fats, avoiding mealtimes or eating in front of others, making comments about being ‘fat’, exercising excessively, stopping menstruating, and complaining about constipation or stomach pain” (WebMD). People with anorexia are very good at hiding it; therefore, the disease can become severe before anyone around them notices anything wrong (WebMD). If left untreated, anorexia can lead to serious complications such as malnutrition and organ failure (WebMD).

text: The ninth tablet sanctified the various instruments and paraphernalia of the ritual using what is referred to as Kultmittelbeschwörungen, incantations conveying purification. “Incantation: Your hands are washed…you are holy; your hands are washed, you are pure.” (IX 88–95)

text: This piercing typically heals in one to three months, depending on the person’s body. The best way to take care of your piercing is to be extremely careful and do your best in cleaning the area during the healing process. To protect against infection, antibacterial soap is the best way to keep clean. Make sure to not only clean the pierced area itself, but cleaning your hands before touching the piercing is equally important. The most convenient way to wash the piercing is in the shower so the water can run on it, however, never use a loofah or washcloth as those tend to harbor bacteria. Sea salt is recommended by some, but not others. Contact the person who did your piercing to hear their suggestions based on their choice of jewelry. Things to be avoided during the healing process include pools, the sea, dirty clothes, changing the jewelry for at least three weeks, and touching the area with dirty hands.

text: Force-guided contacts by themselves can not guarantee that all contacts are in the same state, however they do guarantee, subject to no gross mechanical fault, that no contacts are in opposite states. Otherwise, a relay with several normally open (NO) contacts may stick when energised, with some contacts closed and others still slightly open, due to mechanical tolerances. Similarly, a relay with several normally closed (NC) contacts may stick to the unenergised position, so that when energised, the circuit through one set of contacts is broken, with a marginal gap, while the other remains closed. By introducing both NO and NC contacts, or more commonly, changeover contacts, on the same relay, it then becomes possible to guarantee that if any NC contact is closed, all NO contacts are open, and conversely, if any NO contact is closed, all NC contacts are open. It is not possible to reliably ensure that any particular contact is closed, except by potentially intrusive and safety-degrading sensing of its circuit conditions, however in safety systems it is usually the NO state that is most important, and as explained above, this is reliably verifiable by detecting the closure of a contact of opposite sense.

text: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease originating in southern China eventually infecting 8,273 and killing 775 people worldwide, between November 2002 and July 2003. On 16 November 2002, the first official case of SARS was recorded in Guangdong Province, China. The People's Republic of China (PRC) notified the World Health Organization (WHO) about the outbreak four months later, on February 10, after 305 recorded cases and 5 deaths; In those four months, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was thought to be the first new, easily transmissible infectious disease of the twenty-first century.

text: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease originating in southern China eventually infecting 8,273 and killing 775 people worldwide, between November 2002 and July 2003. On 16 November 2002, the first official case of SARS was recorded in Guangdong Province, China. The

text: People's Republic of China (PRC)

text: notified the

text: World Health Organization

text: (WHO) about the outbreak four months later, on February 10, after 305 recorded cases and 5 deaths; In those four months, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was thought to be the first new, easily transmissible infectious disease of the twenty-first century.

text: The Forum of International Respiratory Societies is a respiratory health advocacy organization which consists of the following organizations:

text: One of the wealthiest stars in Hollywood, Grant owned houses in Beverly Hills, Malibu, and Palm Springs. He was immaculate in his personal grooming, and Edith Head, the renowned Hollywood costume designer, appreciated his "meticulous" attention to detail and considered him to have had the greatest fashion sense of any actor she had worked with. McCann attests his "almost obsessive maintenance" with tanning, which deepened the older he got, to Douglas Fairbanks, who also had a major influence on his refined sense of dress.  McCann notes that because Grant came from a working-class background and was not well educated, he made a particular effort over the course of his career to mix with high society and absorb their knowledge, manners and etiquette to compensate and cover it up. His image was meticulously crafted from the early days in Hollywood, where he would frequently sunbathe and avoid being photographed smoking, despite smoking two packs a day at the time. Grant quit smoking in the early 1950s through hypnotherapy. He remained health conscious, staying very trim and athletic even into his late career, though Grant admitted he "never crook[ed] a finger to keep fit". He confessed that he did "everything in moderation. Except making love".

text: One of the wealthiest stars in Hollywood, Grant owned houses in

text: Beverly Hills

text: Malibu

text: , and

text: Palm Springs

text: . He was immaculate in his personal grooming, and

text: Edith Head

text: , the renowned Hollywood costume designer, appreciated his "meticulous" attention to detail and considered him to have had the greatest fashion sense of any actor she had worked with. McCann attests his "almost obsessive maintenance" with tanning, which deepened the older he got, to Douglas Fairbanks, who also had a major influence on his refined sense of dress.  McCann notes that because Grant came from a working-class background and was not well educated, he made a particular effort over the course of his career to mix with high society and absorb their knowledge, manners and etiquette to compensate and cover it up. His image was meticulously crafted from the early days in Hollywood, where he would frequently sunbathe and avoid being photographed smoking, despite smoking two packs a day at the time. Grant quit smoking in the early 1950s through hypnotherapy. He remained health conscious, staying very trim and athletic even into his late career, though Grant admitted he "never crook[ed] a finger to keep fit". He confessed that he did "everything in moderation. Except making love".

text: A limit on health-care fees per year exists; 150-300 SEK for each visit to a doctor, regardless if they are a private doctor or work at a local health-care center or a hospital. When visiting a hospital, the entrance fee covers all specialist visits the doctor deems necessary, like x-ray, rheumatism specialist, heart surgery operations and so on. The same fee is levied for ambulance services. After 1100 SEK have been paid, health-care for the rest of the year will be provided free of charge.

text: Childcare infections can be treated just as infections acquired outside of childcare, however, there are pressures on sick children to begin taking unnecessary health care even against the advice of health care providers. Antibiotics are commonly given to children for whom the drugs would serve no benefit, due to the child not having a medical condition which antibiotics can treat. This is especially common in children with respiratory infections which antibiotics cannot treat, and in younger children, and in children who have privately purchased health insurance covering their medical expenses.

text: Childcare infections can be treated just as infections acquired outside of childcare, however, there are pressures on sick children to begin taking

text: unnecessary health care

text: even against the advice of health care providers. Antibiotics are commonly given to children for whom the drugs would serve no benefit, due to the child not having a medical condition which antibiotics can treat. This is especially common in children with respiratory infections which antibiotics cannot treat, and in younger children, and in children who have privately purchased health

text: insurance

text: covering their medical expenses.

text: Some studies suggest that antimicrobial hand soaps containing triclosan provide a slightly greater bacterial reduction on the hands compared to plain soap. As of 2013 the FDA has found clear benefit to health for some consumer products containing triclosan but not in others; for example the FDA had no evidence that triclosan in antibacterial soaps and body washes provides any benefit over washing with regular soap and water.

text: Some studies suggest that antimicrobial hand soaps containing triclosan provide a slightly greater bacterial reduction on the hands compared to plain soap. As of 2013 the

text: FDA

text: has found clear benefit to health for some consumer products containing triclosan but not in others; for example the FDA had no evidence that triclosan in antibacterial soaps and body washes provides any benefit over washing with regular soap and water.

text: It is important to turn handwashing into a habit. According to the official site, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit was projected to save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter. Handwashing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.

text: It is important to turn handwashing into a habit. According to the official site, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the

text: toilet

text: into an ingrained habit was projected to save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter. Handwashing is usually integrated together with other

text: sanitation

text: WASH

text: ) programmes.

text: In United Arab Emirates Respiratory Therapists must have been awarded a Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Care.   An additional two-years of experience is required for foreign applicants.   Licenses are maintained and awarded by the Dubai Health Authority.   The Dubai Health Authority restricts Respiratory Therapists to working only in physical medicine and rehabilitation Centers, in hospitals, in surgical clinics with cardio-thoracic surgeons and with physicians in family/general practice or pulmonology.

text: In

text: United Arab Emirates

text: Respiratory Therapists must have been awarded a

text: Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Care

text: .   An additional two-years of experience is required for foreign applicants.   Licenses are maintained and awarded by the

text: Dubai Health Authority

text: .   The

text: Dubai Health Authority

text: restricts Respiratory Therapists to working only in physical medicine and rehabilitation Centers, in hospitals, in surgical clinics with cardio-thoracic surgeons and with physicians in family/general practice or pulmonology.

text: Chronic alcohol ingestion can impair multiple critical cellular functions in the lung. These cellular impairments can lead to increased susceptibility to serious complications from lung disease. Recent research cites alcoholic lung disease as comparable to liver disease in alcohol-related mortality. Alcoholics have a higher risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and experience higher rates of mortality from ARDS when compared to non-alcoholics. Despite these effects, a large prospective study has shown a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on respiratory mortality.

text: Chronic alcohol ingestion can impair multiple critical cellular functions in the lung. These cellular impairments can lead to increased susceptibility to serious complications from lung disease. Recent research cites

text: alcoholic lung disease

text: as comparable to liver disease in alcohol-related mortality. Alcoholics have a higher risk of developing

text: acute respiratory distress syndrome

text: (ARDS) and experience higher rates of mortality from ARDS when compared to non-alcoholics. Despite these effects, a large prospective study has shown a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on respiratory mortality.

text: Sangam literature (circa 300 B.C) has paid many tributes to Vaigai, extolling it as 'the river that brings water when one touches it', viz the etymology Vai (place your) + gai (hands) = place one's hands. The following story is told about the birth of the river Vaigai etc. Meenakshi, the daughter of a Pandyan king, was an incarnation of Parvati. From a very young age, she made up her mind to marry Lord Shiva and none else. Her family was initially against this but eventually consented to her wish and arranged the wedding. Sundareswara (Siva), being an ascetic, came to the wedding without any family or relatives accompanying him. Disappointed at this, the Pandyan king angrily showed Siva the huge amount of food prepared for the bridegroom's relatives. Siva pointed to a friend he had brought with him saying 'He will consume all the food that you've made'. This friend was a Rakshasa named Kundodhara. After Kundodhara finished all the food that was prepared, He became very thirsty and started asking for water. All the wells and canals in Madurai were not sufficient to quench his thirst. Then, Siva asked Kundodhara to put his hand out and opened a small part of his hair lock and Ganga began to flow into his hand. After quenching his thirst, The rest of the waters began flowing in Madurai as the Vaigai river. Vaigai means 'put your hand out' in Tamil.

text: Sangam literature

text: (circa 300 B.C) has paid many tributes to Vaigai, extolling it as 'the river that brings water when one touches it', viz the etymology Vai (place your) + gai (hands) = place one's hands. The following story is told about the birth of the river Vaigai etc. Meenakshi, the daughter of a Pandyan king, was an incarnation of

text: Parvati

text: . From a very young age, she made up her mind to marry Lord

text: Shiva

text: and none else. Her family was initially against this but eventually consented to her wish and arranged the wedding. Sundareswara (Siva), being an ascetic, came to the wedding without any family or relatives accompanying him. Disappointed at this, the Pandyan king angrily showed Siva the huge amount of food prepared for the bridegroom's relatives. Siva pointed to a friend he had brought with him saying 'He will consume all the food that you've made'. This friend was a Rakshasa named Kundodhara. After Kundodhara finished all the food that was prepared, He became very thirsty and started asking for water. All the wells and canals in Madurai were not sufficient to quench his thirst. Then, Siva asked Kundodhara to put his hand out and opened a small part of his hair lock and Ganga began to flow into his hand. After quenching his thirst, The rest of the waters began flowing in Madurai as the Vaigai river. Vaigai means 'put your hand out' in Tamil.

text: The façade is toward the street, it is closed-off and harsh, but it is rendered softer by climbing plants and a slate path leading up to the front door. The house anticipates the later Villa Mairea, and it bears hints of a “new” Aalto, of romantic functionalism. This is seen in the plentiful use of wood as a finishing material and in the four fireplaces built of brick. But in contrast to Villa Mairea, this house is not a luxurious residence but a cozy and intimate living quarters, in which simple, uncluttered materials are used.

text: The façade is toward the street, it is closed-off and harsh, but it is rendered softer by climbing plants and a slate path leading up to the front door. The house anticipates the later

text: Villa Mairea

text: , and it bears hints of a “new” Aalto, of romantic functionalism. This is seen in the plentiful use of wood as a finishing material and in the four fireplaces built of brick. But in contrast to Villa Mairea, this house is not a luxurious residence but a cozy and intimate living quarters, in which simple, uncluttered materials are used.

text: Walter Smith was born in Sydney on 30 March 1895. On finishing secondary school, he was apprenticed to marine and general engineering firm, Nicol Brothers, Darling Harbour, Sydney.

text: Walter Smith was born in Sydney on 30 March 1895. On finishing secondary school, he was apprenticed to marine and general engineering firm, Nicol Brothers,

text: Darling Harbour, Sydney

text: To train pilots for the Royal Air Force, there have been many flying training schools, which are listed here.

text: The Purchase territory marked the end of French ambitions in North America which threatened American control of the Mississippi River and further expansion west. On December 20, 1803, the Louisiana territory was transferred from France to the United States.

text: There are two kinds of competition sparring: point sparring, in which all strikes are light contact and the clock is stopped when a point is scored; and Olympic sparring, where all strikes are full contact and the clock continues when points are scored. Sparring involves a Hogu, or a chest protector, which muffles any kick's damage to avoid serious injuries. Helmets and other gear is provided as well. Though other systems may vary, a common point system works like this: One point for a regular kick to the Hogu, two for a turning behind kick, three for a back kick, and four for a spinning kick to the head.

text: During the AFL Trade Week at the end of 2010, Ó hAilpín was linked with a move to the Western Bulldogs after apparently being unhappy at being dropped from the Blues' side midway through the season and never getting back in. He played eight matches in 2011, including two finals, but was delisted at the end of the season; Carlton indicated that it would have preferred to have kept him on the list, but was forced to delist one more of its out-of-contract players due to league requirements that clubs make three changes to their primary list each season.

text: During the AFL Trade Week at the end of 2010, Ó hAilpín was linked with a move to the

text: Western Bulldogs

text: after apparently being unhappy at being dropped from the Blues' side midway through the season and never getting back in. He played eight matches in 2011, including two finals, but was delisted at the end of the season; Carlton indicated that it would have preferred to have kept him on the list, but was forced to delist one more of its out-of-contract players due to league requirements that clubs make three changes to their primary list each season.

text: Meanwhile, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) is being harassed by his mother over the phone. She calls him repeatedly, with the intention of moving in with him. The situation causes him to exhibit some stress-eating tendencies. At the same time, Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) and Josh Girard (Lonny Ross) begin to hang out, but Tracy gets annoyed of Josh's impression of him. He demands that Liz fire Josh, but she refuses, so instead she tries to fix the situation, but Tracy threatens to go to Jack if she does not. Josh tries to avoid getting in trouble by calling Tracy and impersonating Jack, and then calling Jack and impersonating Tracy. It is not long before he is caught and Jack and Tracy have their revenge on him. As part of his punishment, Jack forces Josh talk to his mother "Every day, for the rest of your or her life."

text: Meanwhile,

text: Jack Donaghy

text: Alec Baldwin

text: ) is being harassed by his mother over the phone. She calls him repeatedly, with the intention of moving in with him. The situation causes him to exhibit some stress-eating tendencies. At the same time,

text: Tracy Jordan

text: Tracy Morgan

text: ) and

text: Josh Girard

text: Lonny Ross

text: ) begin to hang out, but Tracy gets annoyed of Josh's impression of him. He demands that Liz fire Josh, but she refuses, so instead she tries to fix the situation, but Tracy threatens to go to Jack if she does not. Josh tries to avoid getting in trouble by calling Tracy and impersonating Jack, and then calling Jack and impersonating Tracy. It is not long before he is caught and Jack and Tracy have their revenge on him. As part of his punishment, Jack forces Josh talk to his mother "Every day, for the rest of your or her life."

text: These compounds can have health effects on infants or very young children. It has been reported that "respiratory, allergic, or immune effects in infants or children" are associated with indoor VOCs and other indoor air pollutants. It is suggested that VOC particles in an indoor environment can be reduced by 50% when household rugs and carpets are cleaned with efficient vacuum cleaners and hot water.  These chemicals can also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, permanent blindness, deterioration of the central nervous system, neurological side effects, and in some cases may be cancerous or fatal.

text: These compounds can have health effects on infants or very young children. It has been reported that "respiratory, allergic, or immune effects in infants or children" are associated with indoor

text: VOCs

text: and other indoor air pollutants. It is suggested that VOC particles in an indoor environment can be reduced by 50% when household rugs and carpets are cleaned with efficient vacuum cleaners and hot water.  These chemicals can also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, permanent blindness, deterioration of the central nervous system, neurological side effects, and in some cases may be cancerous or fatal.

text: These records include those accrued during the team's time as the Atlanta Thrashers.

text: The Female Athlete Triad is a condition among women that consists of three related health irregularities: disordered eating habits, irregular menstruation, and premature bone loss or osteoporosis.  The term was coined in the early 1990s when researchers from the National Institutes of Health noticed unusual health patterns among female athletes.  These researchers observed increases in eating habit disorders in young female athletes. Exercising intensely while getting inadequate nutrition can lead to amenorrhea - or irregular menstrual cycles - which in turn can lead to osteoporosis.

text: The Female Athlete Triad is a condition among women that consists of three related health irregularities: disordered eating habits, irregular menstruation, and premature bone loss or osteoporosis.  The term was coined in the early 1990s when researchers from the National Institutes of Health noticed unusual health patterns among female athletes.  These researchers observed increases in eating habit disorders in young female athletes. Exercising intensely while getting inadequate nutrition can lead to

text: amenorrhea

text: - or irregular menstrual cycles - which in turn can lead to osteoporosis.

text: Independent studies by Ignaz Semmelweis in 1846 in Vienna and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. in 1843 in Boston established a link between the hands of health care workers and the spread of hospital-acquired disease. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) state that “It is well documented that the most important measure for preventing the spread of pathogens is effective handwashing.” In the developed world, hand washing is mandatory in most health care settings and required by many different regulators.

text: Independent studies by

text: Ignaz Semmelweis

text: in 1846 in

text: Vienna

text: and

text: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

text: in 1843 in

text: Boston

text: established a link between the hands of health care workers and the spread of

text: hospital-acquired

text: disease. The

text: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

text: (CDC) state that “It is well documented that the most important measure for preventing the spread of pathogens is effective handwashing.” In the developed world,

text: hand washing

text: is mandatory in most health care settings and required by many different regulators.

text: Waiting times can be shortened by arranging to visit the same hospital doctor in a private hospital or clinic.  Waits are also sometimes illegally shortened in return for legal or illegal additional payments.  Hospital doctors also receive additional fees to treat privately insured patients even though they are only supposed to receive better amenities/accommodations.  They may therefore treat private patients sooner  (Stepan & Sommersguter-Reichmann, 2005) .  Two Austrian health insurance companies advertised low wait times on their web sites.  In a survey in Lower Austria, 8% of respondents said that they were offered shorter waiting times for additional private payments (Czypionka et al., 2007, pp.6, 11).  According to Statistics Austria, 2007, in Thomson & Mossialos, 2009, as cited in Health Systems in Transition (HiT) profile of Austria, 2013, social health insurance patients waited twice as long for cardiac catheterization, and 3-4 times as long for cataract and knee surgery.  Compared to individuals with private supplementary insurance, those covered by statutory health insurance wait from three to four times as long for cataract operations and knee operations. For cardiac catheterization procedures, statutory insurance patients wait twice as long.  Some states have created objective waiting list guidelines to counteract this (Health Systems in Transition (HiT) profile of Austria, 2013).

text: Reasonably effective ways to reduce the transmission of influenza include good personal health and hygiene habits such as: not touching your eyes, nose or mouth; frequent hand washing (with soap and water, or with alcohol-based hand rubs); covering coughs and sneezes; avoiding close contact with sick people; and staying home yourself if you are sick. Avoiding spitting is also recommended. Although face masks might help prevent transmission when caring for the sick, there is mixed evidence on beneficial effects in the community. Smoking raises the risk of contracting influenza, as well as producing more severe disease symptoms.

text: Reasonably effective ways to reduce the transmission of influenza include good personal health and hygiene habits such as: not touching your eyes, nose or mouth; frequent

text: hand washing

text: (with soap and water, or with alcohol-based hand rubs); covering coughs and sneezes; avoiding close contact with sick people; and staying home yourself if you are sick. Avoiding spitting is also recommended. Although

text: face masks

text: might help prevent transmission when caring for the sick, there is mixed evidence on beneficial effects in the community. Smoking raises the risk of contracting influenza, as well as producing more severe disease symptoms.

text: This is a list of prisons in Jiangsu.

text: This is a list of prisons in Jiangsu.

text: Short croup

text: Short croup

text: Glantz conducts research on a wide range of issues including the effects of secondhand smoke on the heart by studying reductions in heart attacks observed when smoke-free policies are enacted, and how the tobacco industry fights tobacco control programs. His research on the effects of secondhand smoke on blood and blood vessels concludes that, in terms of heart disease, the effects of secondhand smoke are nearly as large as those of smoking. One such study demonstrated a large and rapid reduction in the number of people admitted to the hospital with heart attacks in Helena, Montana, after that community made all workplaces and public places smokefree.

text: Glantz conducts research on a wide range of issues including the effects of

text: secondhand smoke

text: on the heart by studying reductions in heart attacks observed when

text: smoke-free policies

text: are enacted, and how the tobacco industry fights tobacco control programs. His research on the effects of secondhand smoke on blood and blood vessels concludes that, in terms of heart disease, the effects of secondhand smoke are nearly as large as those of smoking. One such study demonstrated a large and rapid reduction in the number of people admitted to the hospital with heart attacks in

text: Helena, Montana

text: , after that community made all workplaces and public places smokefree.

text: Symptoms from complete isolation, called sensory deprivation, often include anxiety, sensory illusions, or even distortions of time and perception. However, this is the case when there is no stimulation of the sensory systems at all, and not only lack of contact with people. Thus, by having other things to keep one's mind busy, this is avoided.

text: Symptoms from complete isolation, called

text: sensory deprivation

text: , often include

text: anxiety

text: , sensory

text: illusion

text: s, or even distortions of

text: time

text: and perception. However, this is the case when there is no stimulation of the

text: sensory systems

text: at all, and not only lack of contact with people. Thus, by having other things to keep one's mind busy, this is avoided.

text: Aerial spraying has been repeatedly condemned by human rights and environmental activists, because of its effect on human populations and local soil and water systems. In December 2000, Dutch journalist Marjon van Royen found that "because the chemical is sprayed in Colombia from planes on inhabited areas, there have been consistent health complaints [in humans]. Burning eyes, dizziness and respiratory problems being most frequently reported." In some areas, 80 percent of the children of the indigenous community fell sick with skin rashes, fever, diarrhoea and eye infections. Because the glyphosate is sprayed from the air, there is a much higher chance of human error when spraying suspected illegal coca plantations. In many cases the wrong fields are sprayed, resulting in not only a total loss of the farmer's crop, but the loss of that field altogether as nothing will grow, where the herbicide has been sprayed. Though official documentation of the health effects of glyphosate spraying in Colombia are virtually non-existent, neighbouring Ecuador has conducted studies to determine the cause of mysterious illnesses amongst people living along the border of Colombia and has since demanded that no aerial sprayings occur within 10 km of the border because of the damages caused to people, animals and environment in that area.

text: Aerial spraying has been repeatedly condemned by human rights and environmental activists, because of its effect on human populations and local soil and water systems. In December 2000, Dutch journalist

text: Marjon van Royen

text: found that "because the chemical is sprayed in Colombia from planes on inhabited areas, there have been consistent health complaints [in humans]. Burning eyes, dizziness and respiratory problems being most frequently reported." In some areas, 80 percent of the children of the indigenous community fell sick with skin rashes, fever, diarrhoea and eye infections. Because the glyphosate is sprayed from the air, there is a much higher chance of human error when spraying suspected illegal coca plantations. In many cases the wrong fields are sprayed, resulting in not only a total loss of the farmer's crop, but the loss of that field altogether as nothing will grow, where the herbicide has been sprayed. Though official documentation of the health effects of glyphosate spraying in Colombia are virtually non-existent, neighbouring Ecuador has conducted studies to determine the cause of mysterious illnesses amongst people living along the border of Colombia and has since demanded that no aerial sprayings occur within 10 km of the border because of the damages caused to people, animals and environment in that area.

text: The upper normal level of eNO in different studies ranges from 20 to 30 parts per billion. However, several major features influence the reference values. Men have higher eNO values than women. Smoking notoriously lowers eNO values, and even former smoking status can influence results. The levels are higher in people with an atopic constitution (a tendency towards allergies). The fraction of eNO is also flow-dependent (higher at lower flow rates and vice versa), so measurements are normally measured at 50 ml/s. Age or height could also considerably confound eNO values in children. The magnitude of these effects lies in the order of 10%, so even single cut-off values might be useful.

text: The upper normal level of eNO in different studies ranges from 20 to 30

text: parts per billion

text: . However, several major features influence the reference values. Men have higher eNO values than women. Smoking notoriously lowers eNO values, and even former smoking status can influence results. The levels are higher in people with an

text: atopic

text: constitution (a tendency towards

text: allergies

text: ). The fraction of eNO is also flow-dependent (higher at lower flow rates and vice versa), so measurements are normally measured at 50 ml/s. Age or height could also considerably confound eNO values in children. The magnitude of these effects lies in the order of 10%, so even single cut-off values might be useful.