text: In numismatics, reeded edges are often referred to as "ridged" or "grooved" (US usage), or "milled" (UK usage). Some coins, such as United States quarters and dimes, 1 euro, Australian 5, 10, 20 cents, 1 and 2 dollars, as well many other current coins, have reeded edges.  One reason for having reeded edges was to prevent counterfeiting.  Another benefit of certain coins having reeded edges is that it helps enable different coin denominations to be easily identified and distinguished from each other by sense of touch alone.

text: In

entity_name: Numismatics

text: numismatics

text: , reeded edges are often referred to as "ridged" or "grooved" (US usage), or "milled" (UK usage). Some coins, such as

entity_name: Quarter (United States coin)

text: United States quarters

text: and

entity_name: Dime (United States coin)

text: dimes

entity_name: 1 euro coin

text: 1 euro

entity_name: Coins of the Australian dollar

text: Australian

text: 5, 10, 20 cents, 1 and 2 dollars, as well many other current coins, have reeded edges.  One reason for having reeded edges was to prevent counterfeiting.  Another benefit of certain coins having reeded edges is that it helps enable different coin denominations to be easily identified and distinguished from each other by sense of touch alone.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

text: Hideaki Anno instructed Yoshiyuki Sadamoto on Rei's character design that "Whatever else, she needs to be painted in as a bitterly unhappy young girl with little sense of presence." Sadamoto was inspired to draw Rei by the band Kinniku Shōjo Tai's theme song "Hotai de Masshiro na Shojo" (lit. "The Girl White with Bandages"). Ukina, a character from Sadamoto's previous work Koto served as Rei's model. Anno required a character "cool with short hair", and Rei was originally designed brunette with dark eyes; however, it was necessary to distinguish her at first sight from the other female protagonist Asuka Langley Soryu, so Sadamoto designed her with the colors of eyes and hair inverted compared to Asuka. Anno suggested to draw red eyes for the character, a feature that allowed to give her more personality. Also, red eyes distinguish her from the other characters. Her blue hair comes from the main character of Aoki Uru.

entity_name: Hideaki Anno

text: Hideaki Anno

text: instructed

entity_name: Yoshiyuki Sadamoto

text: Yoshiyuki Sadamoto

text: on Rei's character design that "Whatever else, she needs to be painted in as a bitterly unhappy young girl with little sense of presence." Sadamoto was inspired to draw Rei by the band

entity_name: Kinniku Shōjo Tai

text: Kinniku Shōjo Tai

text: 's theme song "Hotai de Masshiro na Shojo" (lit. "The Girl White with Bandages"). Ukina, a character from Sadamoto's previous work Koto served as Rei's model. Anno required a character "cool with short hair", and Rei was originally designed brunette with dark eyes; however, it was necessary to distinguish her at first sight from the other female protagonist

entity_name: Asuka Langley Soryu

text: Asuka Langley Soryu

text: , so Sadamoto designed her with the colors of eyes and hair inverted compared to Asuka. Anno suggested to draw red eyes for the character, a feature that allowed to give her more personality. Also, red eyes distinguish her from the other characters. Her blue hair comes from the main character of Aoki Uru.

text: At the hearing, the standard of proof is "on the balance of probabilities" as in other civil actions, so only one credible witness is needed if there is evidence to show that are reasonable grounds for the pursuer’s fear of harm. The pursuer himself may be that witness, although it has been held that corrobarative evidence may be required. This is a summary procedure—no jury is present and no shorthand notes of the evidence are kept.

text: At the hearing, the standard of proof is "on the

entity_name: Burden of proof (law)

entity_section: Preponderance of the evidence

text: balance of probabilities

text: " as in other civil actions, so only one credible witness is needed if there is evidence to show that are reasonable grounds for the pursuer’s fear of harm. The pursuer himself may be that witness, although it has been held that corrobarative evidence may be required. This is a

entity_name: Summary judgment

text: summary procedure

text: —no

entity_name: Jury

text: jury

text: is present and no

entity_name: Shorthand

text: shorthand

text: notes of the evidence are kept.

text: As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision.  Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth.  The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.

text: As a conscious

entity_name: Sensory system

text: sense organ

text: , the eye allows

entity_name: Visual perception

text: vision

entity_name: Rod cell

text: Rod

text: and

entity_name: Cone cell

text: cone

text: cells in the

entity_name: Retina

text: retina

text: allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth.  The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.

method: UNH-tfidf-stem

method: UNH-tfidf-ptsim

method: UNH-tfidf-lem

text: In the epilogue of Absolution Gap, it is strongly implied that Scorpio indeed lived way beyond his expected lifespan. Hundreds of years after the events on Hela, Aura visits Ararat with a "stout guardian protector" who is implied to be Scorpio. This conclusion is also supported by a line in the prologue, wherein Aura reflects that she is glad "she didn't have his acuity with smells", referring to her guardian. It is referenced several times in Absolution Gap that Pigs have a more heightened sense of smell than Humans.

text: In the epilogue of

entity_name: Absolution Gap

text: Absolution Gap

text: , it is strongly implied that Scorpio indeed lived way beyond his expected lifespan. Hundreds of years after the events on Hela, Aura visits Ararat with a "stout guardian protector" who is implied to be Scorpio. This conclusion is also supported by a line in the prologue, wherein Aura reflects that she is glad "she didn't have his acuity with smells", referring to her guardian. It is referenced several times in Absolution Gap that Pigs have a more heightened sense of smell than Humans.

text: In the late 1980s, the first clear experimental demonstration was published showing very poor change detection in complex displays over brief intervals without eye movements being involved. Pashler (1988) showed that observers were poor at detecting changes introduced into arrays of letters while the display was flickered off and on, even if the offset was as brief as 67 milliseconds (although offsets briefer than that produced much more effective change detection). Pashler concluded by noting how odd it was that people generally report having a "clear sense of apprehending the identities and locations of large numbers of objects in a scene" (p. 377), and that given this introspective sense, it seemed quite surprising how poor is their detection of changes.

text: In this passage, Aristotle explained that concerning these koina (such as movement) we already have a sense, a "common sense" or sense of the common things (Greek: koinē aisthēsis), which does not work by accident (Greek: kata sumbebēkos). And there is no specific (idia) sense perception for movement and other koina, because then we would not perceive the koina at all, except by accident. As examples of perceiving by accident Aristotle mentions using the specific sense perception vision on its own to see that something is sweet, or to recognize a friend by their distinctive color.  explains that "when I see Socrates, it is not insofar as he is Socrates that he is visible to my eye, but rather because he is coloured". So the normal five individual senses do sense the common perceptibles according to Aristotle (and Plato), but it is not something they necessarily interpret correctly on their own. Aristotle proposes that the reason for having several senses is in fact that it increases the chances that we can distinguish and recognize things correctly, and not just occasionally or by accident. Each sense is used to identify distinctions, such as sight identifying the difference between black and white, but, says Aristotle, all animals with perception must have "some one thing" that can distinguish black from sweet. The common sense is where this comparison happens, and this must occur by comparing impressions (or symbols or markers; Greek: sēmeion) of what the specialist senses have perceived. The common sense is therefore also where a type of consciousness originates, "for it makes us aware of having sensations at all". And it receives physical picture imprints from the imaginative faculty, which are then memories that can be recollected.

text: In this passage, Aristotle explained that concerning these koina (such as movement) we already have a sense, a "common sense" or sense of the common things (Greek: koinē aisthēsis), which does not work by

entity_name: Accident (philosophy)

text: accident

text: (Greek: kata sumbebēkos). And there is no specific (idia) sense perception for movement and other koina, because then we would not perceive the koina at all, except by accident. As examples of perceiving by accident Aristotle mentions using the specific sense perception vision on its own to see that something is sweet, or to recognize a friend by their distinctive color.  explains that "when I see Socrates, it is not insofar as he is Socrates that he is visible to my eye, but rather because he is coloured". So the normal five individual senses do sense the common perceptibles according to Aristotle (and Plato), but it is not something they necessarily interpret correctly on their own. Aristotle proposes that the reason for having several senses is in fact that it increases the chances that we can distinguish and recognize things correctly, and not just occasionally or by accident. Each sense is used to identify distinctions, such as sight identifying the difference between black and white, but, says Aristotle, all animals with perception must have "some one thing" that can distinguish black from sweet. The common sense is where this comparison happens, and this must occur by comparing impressions (or symbols or markers; Greek: sēmeion) of what the specialist senses have perceived. The common sense is therefore also where a type of

entity_name: Consciousness

text: consciousness

text: originates, "for it makes us aware of having sensations at all". And it receives physical picture imprints from the imaginative faculty, which are then memories that can be recollected.

text: The ultimate result is a cultural disparity and identity crisis between Africans and African Americans that still persists for many African Americans. They are thus constantly aware of how much their own sense of identity and value conflicts with the identity and value imposed upon them by white America. African slaves were torn away from their homeland and struggling to now define themselves as African American, even though they are not treated the same as other Americans. They had to see themselves not only through their own eyes, but through the eyes of the whites who for centuries had legal control over their lives.

text: There are a number of issues that need to be addressed while using the visioning method. Vision comprises peoples’ values, wishes, fears and desires. In order to make the visioning process work it is necessary to ensure that it is not making an idealistic wish-list; that vision is an image of the future shared by a whole community; and that the vision is translatable into reality.

text: Additional traits shared with other prosimian primates (strepsirrhine primates and tarsiers) include a bicornuate (two-horned) uterus and epitheliochorial placentation. Because their thumbs are only pseudo-opposable, making their movement less independent of the other fingers, their hands are less than perfect at grasping and manipulating objects. On their feet, they have a widely abducted hallux (first toe) which facilitates the grasping of tree limbs. A common misconception is that lemurs have a prehensile tail, a trait found only in New World monkeys, particularly atelids, among primates. Lemurs also rely heavily on their sense of smell, a trait shared with most other mammals and early primates, but not with the visually oriented higher primates. This sense of smell is important in terms of marking territory as well as provide an indication of whether or not another lemur is a viable breeding partner.

text: Additional traits shared with other

entity_name: Prosimian

text: prosimian

text: primates (strepsirrhine primates and

entity_name: Tarsier

text: tarsier

text: s) include a bicornuate (two-horned)

entity_name: Uterus

text: uterus

text: and

entity_name: Placentation

text: epitheliochorial placentation

text: . Because their thumbs are only pseudo-opposable, making their movement less independent of the other fingers, their hands are less than perfect at grasping and manipulating objects. On their feet, they have a widely abducted

entity_name: Toe

entity_section: Hallux

text: hallux

text: (first toe) which facilitates the grasping of tree limbs. A common misconception is that lemurs have a

entity_name: Prehensile tail

text: prehensile tail

text: , a trait found only in

entity_name: New World monkey

text: New World monkey

text: s, particularly

entity_name: Atelidae

text: atelids

text: , among primates. Lemurs also rely heavily on their sense of smell, a trait shared with most other mammals and early primates, but not with the visually oriented higher primates. This sense of smell is important in terms of marking territory as well as provide an indication of whether or not another lemur is a viable breeding partner.

text: Visually, Daxamites are indistinguishable from humans; this allows Mon-El to lead a double life as Jonathan Kent. On their native planet, much like their Kryptonian ancestors, Daxamites do not possess any superpowers as Daxam revolved around the red star Valor. However, when on planets like Earth which orbit a yellow star, Daxamites utilize solar energy on the cellular level to achieve abilities unattainable by ordinary human beings. Among other abilities, super-powered Daxamites possess the following at the peak of their power: super strength, super speed, invulnerability, a healing factor, heat vision, superhuman senses, flight, super hearing, x-ray vision, telescopic vision, micro-vision, super breath, and ice breath, and any other abilities related to their Kryptonian DNA.

text: Pit vipers have developed pits that function as eyes by sensing thermal infra-red radiation, in addition to their optical wavelength eyes like those of other vertebrates.

entity_name: Pit viper

text: Pit viper

text: s have developed pits that function as eyes by sensing thermal infra-red radiation, in addition to their optical wavelength eyes like those of other vertebrates.

text: On the other hand, it seems striking that only the senses of sight and hearing are taken into account. Is this a way to submit to common opinion, which is that touch, taste and smell are somehow more shameful and base than the other senses? Finally, it is not simply because pleasure comes from seeing or hearing that it is beautiful. Socrates throws himself into a series of considerations: taking into account pairs of objects, in the Majority of cases the term which they apply to both objects (A and B are beautiful, A and B are just) can apply also to an object taken separately (A is beautiful and B is beautiful). But in some rare cases it can happen that it this is not the case, notably when the sum of A and B forms an even number and A and B, taken in isolation, are two odd numbers.

method: ICT-DRMMTKS

method: Bert-ConvKNRM

text: The human eye with normal vision has three kinds of cone cells, which sense light, with spectral sensitivity peaks in short (S, –), middle (M, –), and long (L, –) wavelengths. These cone cells underlie human color perception under medium- and high-brightness conditions (in very dim light, color vision diminishes, and the low-brightness, monochromatic "night-vision" receptors, called rod cells, take over). Thus, three parameters, corresponding to levels of stimulus of the three types of cone cells, can in principle describe any color sensation. Weighting a total light power spectrum by the individual spectral sensitivities of the three types of cone cells gives three effective stimulus values; these three values make up a tristimulus specification of the objective color of the light spectrum. The three parameters, denoted S, M, and L, can be indicated using a 3-dimensional space, called LMS color space, which is one of many color spaces which have been devised to help quantify human color vision.

text: The

entity_name: Human eye

text: human eye

text: with normal vision has three kinds of

text: cone cell

text: s, which sense light, with

entity_name: Spectral sensitivity

text: spectral sensitivity

text: peaks in short (S, –), middle (M, –), and long (L, –) wavelengths. These cone cells underlie human color perception under medium- and high-brightness conditions (in very dim light,

entity_name: Color vision

text: color vision

text: diminishes, and the low-brightness, monochromatic "night-vision" receptors, called

text: rod cell

text: s, take over). Thus, three parameters, corresponding to levels of stimulus of the three types of cone cells, can in principle describe any color sensation. Weighting a total light power spectrum by the individual spectral sensitivities of the three types of cone cells gives three effective

entity_name: Stimulus (physiology)

text: stimulus

text: values; these three values make up a tristimulus specification of the objective color of the light spectrum. The three parameters, denoted S, M, and L, can be indicated using a

entity_name: Three-dimensional space

text: space, called

entity_name: LMS color space

text: LMS color space

text: , which is one of many color spaces which have been devised to help quantify human

text: color vision

text: In defense against its predators, the dragonet rapidly buries itself under the sand at the bottom of the ocean so that only its eyes remain visible. Many species of the fish also are capable of producing and secreting foul-tasting and -smelling substances that may ward off any potential predators.

text: In computer vision and image processing, a feature is a piece of information which is relevant for solving the computational task related to a certain application. This is the same sense as feature in machine learning and pattern recognition generally, though image processing has a very sophisticated collection of features. Features may be specific structures in the image such as points, edges or objects. Features may also be the result of a general neighborhood operation or feature detection applied to the image.

text: In

entity_name: Computer vision

text: computer vision

text: and

entity_name: Image processing

text: image processing

text: , a feature is a piece of information which is relevant for solving the computational task related to a certain application. This is the same sense as

entity_name: Feature (machine learning)

text: feature

text: in

entity_name: Machine learning

text: machine learning

text: and

entity_name: Pattern recognition

text: pattern recognition

text: generally, though image processing has a very sophisticated collection of features. Features may be specific structures in the image such as points, edges or objects. Features may also be the result of a general

entity_name: Neighborhood operation

text: neighborhood operation

text: or

entity_name: Feature detection (computer vision)

text: feature detection

text: applied to the image.

text: Physically, older people experience a decline in muscular strength, reaction time, stamina, hearing, distance perception, and the sense of smell.They also are more susceptible to diseases such as cancer and pneumonia due to a weakened immune system. Programs aimed at balance, muscle strength, and mobility have been shown to reduce disability among mildly (but not more severely) disabled elderly.

text: Initially distrustful of each other, the various communities sometimes came to battle, even leading to fatalities. Some of the cities had life-forms hostile to each other or to all other life. Stewart also dealt with less fatal problems, such as overpopulation and the fact one of the cities was inhabited by only two people. Assisting Stewart in his efforts are some of the citizens of Evergreen City, including several youngsters whose parents are suffering severe mental problems due to their unique situation. John gives these children less-powerful rings and they assist in future conflicts. John also tries to build roads between the cities. This, along with his other efforts, are hampered by visions of 'the red', which seem to be manifestations of Sinestro. During one of these vision flares, the Green Lantern known as Ch'p is struck and killed by a yellow truck on one of the connecting roads.

text: Initially distrustful of each other, the various communities sometimes came to battle, even leading to fatalities. Some of the cities had life-forms hostile to each other or to all other life. Stewart also dealt with less fatal problems, such as overpopulation and the fact one of the cities was inhabited by only two people. Assisting Stewart in his efforts are some of the citizens of Evergreen City, including several youngsters whose parents are suffering severe mental problems due to their unique situation. John gives these children less-powerful rings and they assist in future conflicts. John also tries to build roads between the cities. This, along with his other efforts, are hampered by visions of 'the red', which seem to be manifestations of Sinestro. During one of these vision flares, the Green Lantern known as

entity_name: Ch'p

text: Ch'p

text: is struck and killed by a yellow truck on one of the connecting roads.

text: Despite the problems, this was a time of optimism for many. A baby boom followed the war, as young Dutch couples started planning their families. They had lived through the hardships of depression and the hell of war. They wanted to start fresh and live better lives without the poverty, starvation, terror, and extreme frugality they knew so well. They had little taste for a strictly imposed rule-oriented traditional system with its rigid hierarchies, sharp pillarized boundaries and strictly orthodox religious doctrines. They made a best seller out of the translation of The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care (1946), by American pediatrician Benjamin Spock. His vision of family life as companionate, permissive, enjoyable and even fun took hold, and seemed the best way to achieve family happiness in a dawning age of freedom and prosperity.

text: Despite the problems, this was a time of optimism for many. A baby boom followed the war, as young Dutch couples started planning their families. They had lived through the hardships of depression and the hell of war. They wanted to start fresh and live better lives without the poverty, starvation, terror, and extreme frugality they knew so well. They had little taste for a strictly imposed rule-oriented traditional system with its rigid hierarchies, sharp pillarized boundaries and strictly orthodox religious doctrines. They made a best seller out of the translation of The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care (1946), by American pediatrician

entity_name: Benjamin Spock

text: Benjamin Spock

text: . His vision of family life as companionate, permissive, enjoyable and even fun took hold, and seemed the best way to achieve family happiness in a dawning age of freedom and prosperity.

text: People possess an inherent ensemble of basic beliefs about themselves, others, the world, etc. Such “naïve theories” are what compose our symbolic universe. One’s symbolic universe is part of a socially shared knowledge, transmitted principally as a result of education and social communication, with a large emphasis on the process of attachment through which parents impart their visions of the world, their symbolic universes, to their children. Such symbolic universes guide how we make sense of the world, and are composed of a relatively stable network of ideologies. Therefore, if one of these beliefs is compromised, the stability of the entire network could be jeopardized. It is very important for people to maintain a sense of stability within such a system of beliefs, so they have a natural psychological motivation to try to protect these beliefs. Because such beliefs have a fundamentally social origin, their revalidation can only be legitimized through a social consensus. Along these lines, aforementioned social rituals came to be used as a more structured way of re-substantiating beliefs that have been invalidated as a result of an emotional event.

text: People possess an inherent ensemble of basic beliefs about themselves, others, the world, etc. Such “naïve theories” are what compose our

entity_name: The Social Construction of Reality

entity_section: Symbolic universes

text: symbolic universe

text: . One’s symbolic universe is part of a socially shared knowledge, transmitted principally as a result of education and social communication, with a large emphasis on the process of

entity_name: Attachment theory

text: attachment

text: through which parents impart their visions of the world, their symbolic universes, to their children. Such symbolic universes guide how we make sense of the world, and are composed of a relatively stable network of

entity_name: Ideology

text: ideologies

text: . Therefore, if one of these beliefs is compromised, the stability of the entire network could be jeopardized. It is very important for people to maintain a sense of stability within such a system of beliefs, so they have a natural psychological

entity_name: Motivation

text: motivation

text: to try to protect these beliefs. Because such beliefs have a fundamentally social origin, their revalidation can only be legitimized through a social

entity_name: Consensus decision-making

text: consensus

text: . Along these lines, aforementioned

entity_name: Social sharing of emotions

entity_section: Social rituals

text: social rituals

text: came to be used as a more structured way of re-substantiating beliefs that have been invalidated as a result of an emotional event.

text: Purgatory is commonly regarded as a cleansing by way of painful temporal punishment, which, like the eternal punishment of hell, is associated with the idea of fire. While "pain of the senses" (as opposed to "pain of longing" for the Beatific Vision) is not doctrinally defined as being a part of Purgatory, the overwhelming consensus of theologians has been that it does involve pain of the senses. Several Church Fathers regarded  as evidence for the existence of an intermediate state in which the dross of lighter transgressions will be burnt away, and the soul thus purified will be saved. Fire was the Bible-inspired image ("We went through fire and through water") that Christians used for the notion of after-life purification. St. Augustine described the fires of cleansing as more painful than anything a man can suffer in this life, and Pope Gregory I wrote that there must be a cleansing fire for some minor faults that may remain to be purged away. Origen wrote about the fire that needs to purify the soul St. Gregory of Nyssa also wrote about the purging fire.

text: Purgatory is commonly regarded as a cleansing by way of painful temporal punishment, which, like the eternal punishment of hell, is associated with the idea of fire. While "pain of the senses" (as opposed to "pain of longing" for the

entity_name: Beatific vision

text: Beatific Vision

text: ) is not doctrinally defined as being a part of Purgatory, the overwhelming consensus of theologians has been that it does involve pain of the senses. Several

entity_name: Church Fathers

text: Church Fathers

text: regarded  as evidence for the existence of an intermediate state in which the dross of lighter transgressions will be burnt away, and the soul thus purified will be saved. Fire was the Bible-inspired image ("We went through fire and through water") that Christians used for the notion of after-life purification.

entity_name: Augustine of Hippo

text: St. Augustine

text: described the fires of cleansing as more painful than anything a man can suffer in this life, and

entity_name: Pope Gregory I

text: Pope Gregory I

text: wrote that there must be a cleansing fire for some minor faults that may remain to be purged away.

entity_name: Origen

text: Origen

text: wrote about the fire that needs to purify the soul

entity_name: Gregory of Nyssa

text: St. Gregory of Nyssa

text: also wrote about the purging fire.

text: In Popper's philosophy of science, if a statement cannot even in principle be proved wrong, it cannot be a scientific statement. Thus, in Popper's eyes, the falsifiability criterion clearly demarcates "science" from "non-science". This Popperian idea has been very controversial, however. The reason is that it can be quite difficult to test scientifically how true a particular idea is. Even if scientists do want to test an idea, they may not know yet how exactly to test it conclusively. Yet, scientists also don't want to abandon a hunch that seems useful, simply because they don't know how to verify it yet. This point is especially important for "bold" new hypotheses, because the very "boldness" of the new hypothesis could mean that it would take a lot of work before adequate tests could be designed.

text: In Popper's philosophy of science, if a statement cannot even in principle be proved wrong, it cannot be a scientific statement. Thus, in Popper's eyes, the

entity_name: Falsifiability

text: falsifiability

text: criterion clearly demarcates "science" from "non-science". This Popperian idea has been very controversial, however. The reason is that it can be quite difficult to test scientifically how true a particular idea is. Even if scientists do want to test an idea, they may not know yet how exactly to test it conclusively. Yet, scientists also don't want to abandon a hunch that seems useful, simply because they don't know how to verify it yet. This point is especially important for "bold" new hypotheses, because the very "boldness" of the new hypothesis could mean that it would take a lot of work before adequate tests could be designed.

text: The Liver rules one’s direction, vision, sense of self-purpose and opens into the eyes.

text: Bayesian inference can also be applied to the way humans combine information about changes in their environment from multiple senses without any consideration of prior knowledge. The two senses that have the strongest influence on how humans' reaching adaptations are vision and proprioception. Typically, proprioception has more weight than vision for adapting hand position in depth – the direction moving toward or away from the person reaching – and vision has more weight in the vertical and horizontal directions. However, changing conditions can alter the relative influence of these two senses. For example, the influence of vision on adapting hand depth is increased when the hand is passive, while proprioception has more influence when the hand is moving. Moreover, when vision is reduced (e.g. in darkness) proprioception has more influence on determining hand position. This result is consistent with Bayesian inference; when one sense becomes more uncertain, humans increase their reliance on another sense.

text: Wallace described himself as being at first reluctant to try it because of the aroma, "but in Borneo I found a ripe fruit on the ground, and, eating it out of doors, I at once became a confirmed Durian eater." He cited one traveller from 1599: "it is of such an excellent taste that it surpasses in flavour all other fruits of the world, according to those who have tasted it." He cites another writer: "To those not used to it, it seems at first to smell like rotten onions, but immediately after they have tasted it they prefer it to all other food. The natives give it honourable titles, exalt it, and make verses on it." Despite having tried many foods that are arguably more eccentric, Andrew Zimmern, host of Bizarre Foods, was unable to finish a durian upon sampling it, due to his intolerance of its strong taste.

text: Wallace described himself as being at first reluctant to try it because of the aroma, "but in Borneo I found a ripe fruit on the ground, and, eating it out of doors, I at once became a confirmed Durian eater." He cited one traveller from 1599: "it is of such an excellent taste that it surpasses in flavour all other fruits of the world, according to those who have tasted it." He cites another writer: "To those not used to it, it seems at first to smell like rotten onions, but immediately after they have tasted it they prefer it to all other food. The natives give it honourable titles, exalt it, and make verses on it." Despite having tried many foods that are arguably more eccentric, Andrew Zimmern, host of

text: Bizarre Foods

text: , was unable to finish a durian upon sampling it, due to his intolerance of its strong taste.

text: For a defendant, there is a balance of risk and benefit to consider. As the Newton hearing takes court time, resources, and perhaps witness testimony, if unsuccessful it will reduce any sentencing credit that might otherwise have been obtained. This aspect has been criticized, on the basis that no such risk exists for the prosecutors, and therefore the Newton Hearing could "allow unrealistic, bullying or foolhardy prosecutors to force defendants to choose between having a Newton hearing and playing it safe". In this sense a Newton hearing may be seen as stacked heavily against a defendant, who must prove the entirety of their concern in order not to suffer from it:

text: For a defendant, there is a balance of

text: risk and benefit

text: to consider. As the Newton hearing takes court time, resources, and perhaps witness testimony, if unsuccessful it will reduce any

text: sentencing credit

text: that might otherwise have been obtained. This aspect has been criticized, on the basis that no such risk exists for the prosecutors, and therefore the Newton Hearing could "allow unrealistic, bullying or foolhardy prosecutors to force defendants to choose between having a Newton hearing and playing it safe". In this sense a Newton hearing may be seen as stacked heavily against a defendant, who must prove the entirety of their concern in order not to suffer from it:

text: A physician can determine if the problem is with the sense of smell (olfactory system) or taste (gustatory system), or if it is caused by a neurological or psychiatric disorder. Phantosmia usually goes away on its own, though this can sometimes be gradual and occur over several years. When caused by an illness (e.g., sinusitis), it should go away when the illness resolves. If the problem persists or causes significant discomfort, a doctor might recommend nasal saline drops, antidepressant or anticonvulsant medications, anesthesia to parts of the nose, or in very rare circumstances, surgical procedures to remove the olfactory nerves or bulbs.

text: A physician can determine if the problem is with the sense of smell (

text: olfactory system

text: ) or taste (

text: gustatory system

text: ), or if it is caused by a neurological or psychiatric disorder. Phantosmia usually goes away on its own, though this can sometimes be gradual and occur over several years. When caused by an illness (e.g.,

text: sinusitis

text: ), it should go away when the illness resolves. If the problem persists or causes significant discomfort, a doctor might recommend nasal saline drops,

text: antidepressant

text: or

text: anticonvulsant

text: medications, anesthesia to parts of the nose, or in very rare circumstances, surgical procedures to remove the

text: olfactory nerves

text: or

text: bulbs

text: Some of the most prominent remote sensing research has been done in regard to Maya studies in Mesoamerica. The Petén region of northern Guatemala is of particular focus because remote sensing technology is of very definite use there. The Petén is a densely forested region and it lacks modern settlements and infrastructure. As a result, it is extremely difficult to survey, and because of this remote sensing offers a solution to this research problem. The use of remote sensing techniques in this region is a great example of the applications these methods have for archaeologists. The Petén is a hilly, karstic, thickly forested landscape which offers an incredible barrier for field archaeologists to penetrate. With the advent of remote sensing techniques, a plethora of information has been uncovered about the region and about the people that inhabited it.

text: Some of the most prominent remote sensing research has been done in regard to

text: Maya

text: studies in

text: Mesoamerica

text: . The

text: Petén

text: region of northern

text: Guatemala

text: is of particular focus because

text: remote sensing

text: technology is of very definite use there. The Petén is a densely forested region and it lacks modern settlements and infrastructure. As a result, it is extremely difficult to survey, and because of this remote sensing offers a solution to this research problem. The use of remote sensing techniques in this region is a great example of the applications these methods have for archaeologists. The Petén is a hilly,

text: karst

text: ic, thickly forested landscape which offers an incredible barrier for field archaeologists to penetrate. With the advent of remote sensing techniques, a plethora of information has been uncovered about the region and about the people that inhabited it.

text: This means renouncing all things which appeals to the mind through the senses. This means shedding all attachment and aversion towards the sense-objects pertaining to touch (sparśana), taste (rasana), smell (ghrāņa), sight (chakşu), and hearing (śrotra).

text: Archaeologist and lion-hunter Ed Dawson touched a mystical meteor called Mithra which transforms him into a were-lion. He retained his mind, but as he saw some lions in captivity, he couldn't control his killing urges. While being feral from the lion's presence, he battled Hawkman. But the first meteor wasn't pure; the transformation would eventually kill him. Hawkman saved him by smashing the Mithra stone and Edward reverted to human. Hawkman theorized that the Mithra Meteor contains some radiation that transforms the one who touches it into Lion-Mane who then represents an alien race who wants to terraform this planet. Days later, Dawson continues his criminal career as the Lion-Mane when he found another Mithra stone in a museum. He didn't know that Hawkman was his friend standing next to him. Edward again sensing that a lion is in captivity, attacked civilians. Hawkman tried to stop him but failed and was knocked out. Edward wanted to be super-powered human. With this goal he sought other meteor pieces to increase his power and also to stay alive as Lion-Mane. With each meteor rock he touched his powers grew. Hawkman and Hawkgirl managed to find him again and defeat him; the Hawkman thought that he might still carry some pieces of the first meteor rock in his pockets, and smashed them with a stone, reverting Edward back to human once more.

text: Archaeologist and lion-hunter Ed Dawson touched a mystical meteor called Mithra which transforms him into a were-lion. He retained his mind, but as he saw some lions in captivity, he couldn't control his killing urges. While being feral from the lion's presence, he battled

text: Hawkman

text: . But the first meteor wasn't pure; the transformation would eventually kill him. Hawkman saved him by smashing the Mithra stone and Edward reverted to human. Hawkman theorized that the Mithra Meteor contains some radiation that transforms the one who touches it into Lion-Mane who then represents an alien race who wants to terraform this planet. Days later, Dawson continues his criminal career as the Lion-Mane when he found another Mithra stone in a museum. He didn't know that Hawkman was his friend standing next to him. Edward again sensing that a lion is in captivity, attacked civilians. Hawkman tried to stop him but failed and was knocked out. Edward wanted to be super-powered human. With this goal he sought other meteor pieces to increase his power and also to stay alive as Lion-Mane. With each meteor rock he touched his powers grew. Hawkman and

text: Hawkgirl

text: managed to find him again and defeat him; the Hawkman thought that he might still carry some pieces of the first meteor rock in his pockets, and smashed them with a stone, reverting Edward back to human once more.

text: Touchpoints for the ‘purchase’ stage of the decision making process are somewhat more direct, whereby the consumer evaluates the information they searched for in the pre-purchase stage. Evaluation in this sense is when the consumer has selected a set of brands from their information search and compares them to one another. At this point of the consumer’s decision making process, brand touch-points become the difference between a decision to buy or a decision not to buy. Touch-points during the purchase stage, as mentioned earlier, are more direct. The reason is that touch-points during the purchase stage can be found in store (or office if looking for a service) as store layout, through the sales team and staff, the point of sale and many other elements. The store layout is a whole touch-point in itself as it includes all types of atmospherics that help influence consumers. Such atmospherics involve using the senses to relate to consumers on a more personal level through the use of store scents, visual appearance, music and the ability to touch products. This can be further explained using the concept of ‘The Consumer’s Culture’ where the psychological core of the consumer determines the effectiveness of brand touch-points and influence. When consumers are exposed to such elements of a brand, it is at that point where they make the decision to buy or even the decision not to buy. To reduce the chance of having the consumer turn away from buying a particular brand, there is a need to ensure that staff are properly trained in product knowledge and also in interpersonal skills. The reason for this is because the staff touchpoints are a physical and human representation of what brands are all about. Therefore, it is important to note that in order for the customer to have a sense of trust in the brand or the company, the staff need to build rapport with the customer to retain such trust. This can further be established at the point of sale where the customer purchases a product and feels that the product they have chosen may serve their needs.

text: Touchpoints for the ‘purchase’ stage of the decision making process are somewhat more direct, whereby the consumer evaluates the information they searched for in the pre-purchase stage. Evaluation in this sense is when the consumer has selected a set of brands from their information search and compares them to one another. At this point of the consumer’s decision making process, brand touch-points become the difference between a decision to buy or a decision not to buy. Touch-points during the purchase stage, as mentioned earlier, are more direct. The reason is that touch-points during the purchase stage can be found in store (or office if looking for a service) as store layout, through the sales team and staff, the point of sale and many other elements. The store layout is a whole touch-point in itself as it includes all types of

text: atmospherics

text: that help influence consumers. Such atmospherics involve using the senses to relate to consumers on a more personal level through the use of

text: store scent

text: s, visual appearance, music and the ability to touch products. This can be further explained using the concept of ‘The Consumer’s Culture’ where the psychological core of the consumer determines the effectiveness of brand touch-points and influence. When consumers are exposed to such elements of a brand, it is at that point where they make the decision to buy or even the decision not to buy. To reduce the chance of having the consumer turn away from buying a particular brand, there is a need to ensure that staff are properly trained in product knowledge and also in interpersonal skills. The reason for this is because the staff touchpoints are a physical and human representation of what brands are all about. Therefore, it is important to note that in order for the customer to have a sense of trust in the brand or the company, the staff need to build rapport with the customer to retain such trust. This can further be established at the point of sale where the customer purchases a product and feels that the product they have chosen may serve their needs.

text: was Ike and Mist's mother. She was a priestess at Palmeni Temple in Daein, where she befriended the heron princess Lillia. Sensing the strong spirit of balance present in Elena's heart, Lillia entrusted her with both Lehran's Medallion and the Galdr of Release. Upon King Ashnard's ascension, Elena fled Daein with her husband, Greil; they settled in Gallia, where Elena gave birth to Ike and Mist. She was killed by Greil after he touched the Medallion and went berserk. Elena taught the melody of the Galdr of Release to Ike and Mist as a lullaby.

text: Conversely, the Marxist theorist Ernest Mandel gave the work a negative review entitled "How to Make No Sense of Marx", while philosopher Jan Narveson writes that Making Sense of Marx was, "greeted with highly mixed feelings by those who had hoped the title meant that there was sense to be made" of Marx.

text: Conversely, the Marxist theorist

text: Ernest Mandel

text: gave the work a negative review entitled "How to Make No Sense of Marx", while philosopher

text: Jan Narveson

text: writes that Making Sense of Marx was, "greeted with highly mixed feelings by those who had hoped the title meant that there was sense to be made" of Marx.

text: A survey of death certificates over a four-year period showed that deaths among Indians due to alcohol are about four times as common as in the general US population and are often due to traffic collisions and liver disease with homicide, suicide, and falls also contributing. Deaths due to alcohol among American Indians are more common in men and among Northern Plains Indians. Alaska Natives showed the least incidence of death. Alcohol abuse by Native Americans has been shown to be associated with development of disease, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, liver problems, and pancreatitis, as well as hearing and vision problems, kidney and bladder problems, head injuries, sprains and muscle strains, and dental problems.

text: A survey of death certificates over a four-year period showed that deaths among Indians due to alcohol are about four times as common as in the general US population and are often due to

text: traffic collision

text: s and

text: liver disease

text: with

text: homicide

text: suicide

text: , and

text: falls

text: also contributing. Deaths due to alcohol among American Indians are more common in men and among Northern Plains Indians. Alaska Natives showed the least incidence of death. Alcohol abuse by Native Americans has been shown to be associated with development of disease, including

text: pneumonia

text: tuberculosis

text: , liver problems, and

text: pancreatitis

text: , as well as hearing and vision problems, kidney and bladder problems, head injuries,

text: sprain

text: s and

text: muscle strain

text: s, and dental problems.

text: The Gustatory system concerns a person's taste and sense of smell. A child with Sensory Dysfunction Disorder may not be able to tolerate the texture or taste of certain foods. Their senses may not respond well to food, and they may be unable to smell food that is burning.

text: The

text: Gustatory system

text: concerns a person's taste and sense of smell. A child with Sensory Dysfunction Disorder may not be able to tolerate the texture or taste of certain foods. Their senses may not respond well to food, and they may be unable to smell food that is burning.

text: The documentary received moderately positive reviews. According to Ceri Radford of The Telegraph, who gave the documentary 4 stars out of 5, "the documentary brought together the revered naturalist and the swan-donning Icelandic singer for an inspiring if at times confusing symposium on the relationship between music, technology and the natural world". The journalist praised Biophilia by affirming that "the whole idea was tantalisingly tangled" and that "any single aspect of Biophilia would have made for a fascinating documentary in its own right", while defining the parts with Oliver Sacks "touching" and concluding "from footage of spinning stars to shoals of fish to the snow-speckled hills above Reykjavík, from the sound of crackling electricity to Björk's soaring voice, there was a dreamy and unsettling evocation of awe. It might not all have made sense, but it was a delight to the senses." Jordan Morgan of Tomorrow's News defined the couple "the most unlikely expectations of collaborations" but goes on by stating "When Bjork met David Attenborough is a fascinating, albeit slightly confusing, documentary that joins the translucent dots between humans, nature and music and provides for an extremely informative learning lesson, [...] as well as creating something new to hear, Björk also sets out to create a visual image for what people are hearing, adding another dimension to what you hear". Sam Wollaston of The Guardian wrote that, although he "[doesn't] always totally understand what she's on about, [...] the bits with David Attenborough at the Natural History Museum are lovely", and later compared their interaction to "an old man showing his granddaughter round his favourite place in the world" but found Björk "a little bit shy with him" and "grand-daughterly". Caitlin Moran of The Times called the duo "a proper super-hero pairing". Ian Cross, professor of music and science of the University of Cambridge, commented about the documentary: "if there has to be something about music on television on a Saturday evening, I’d rather hear the views of Björk and David Attenborough than those of the music hedge fund manager Simon Cowell".

text: The documentary received moderately positive reviews. According to Ceri Radford of

text: The Telegraph

text: , who gave the documentary 4 stars out of 5, "the documentary brought together the revered naturalist and the swan-donning Icelandic singer for an inspiring if at times confusing symposium on the relationship between music, technology and the natural world". The journalist praised Biophilia by affirming that "the whole idea was tantalisingly tangled" and that "any single aspect of Biophilia would have made for a fascinating documentary in its own right", while defining the parts with Oliver Sacks "touching" and concluding "from footage of spinning stars to shoals of fish to the snow-speckled hills above

text: Reykjavík

text: , from the sound of crackling electricity to Björk's soaring voice, there was a dreamy and unsettling evocation of awe. It might not all have made sense, but it was a delight to the senses." Jordan Morgan of Tomorrow's News defined the couple "the most unlikely expectations of collaborations" but goes on by stating "When Bjork met David Attenborough is a fascinating, albeit slightly confusing, documentary that joins the translucent dots between humans, nature and music and provides for an extremely informative learning lesson, [...] as well as creating something new to hear, Björk also sets out to create a visual image for what people are hearing, adding another dimension to what you hear". Sam Wollaston of

text: The Guardian

text: wrote that, although he "[doesn't] always totally understand what she's on about, [...] the bits with David Attenborough at the Natural History Museum are lovely", and later compared their interaction to "an old man showing his granddaughter round his favourite place in the world" but found Björk "a little bit shy with him" and "grand-daughterly".

text: Caitlin Moran

text: of

text: The Times

text: called the duo "a proper super-hero pairing". Ian Cross, professor of music and science of the

text: University of Cambridge

text: , commented about the documentary: "if there has to be something about music on television on a Saturday evening, I’d rather hear the views of Björk and David Attenborough than those of the music hedge fund manager

text: Simon Cowell

text: Eye-Sync works by having a person wear virtual reality headgear over the eyes. The viewer sees a point of light that rotates clockwise in a circle. The technology tracks how accurately the eyes follow the light. It then produces a chart that can tell doctors whether the person’s eyes were off track while following the light, indicating synchronization problems between the eyes and the brain. An assessment from the test can be made in under 60 seconds.

text: A side-effect of Apocalypse's modifications is that Thunderbird no longer has a sense of taste. He nevertheless enjoys smelling things.

text: Stretch-activated ion channels are responsible for many bodily functions in mammals. In the skin they are responsible for sensing vibration, pressure sensation, stretch, touch, and light touch. They are expressed in sensory modalities including taste, hearing, smell, heat sensation, volume control, and vision. They can also regulate internal functions of our body including, but not limited to, osmotic pressure in cells, blood pressure in veins and arteries, micturition, and heart contractility. In addition to these functionalities, stretch-activated ion channels have also been found to be involved with balance and proprioceptive sensation.

text: Stretch-activated ion channels are responsible for many bodily functions in mammals. In the skin they are responsible for sensing vibration, pressure sensation, stretch, touch, and light touch. They are expressed in sensory modalities including taste, hearing, smell, heat sensation, volume control, and vision. They can also regulate internal functions of our body including, but not limited to,

text: osmotic pressure

text: in cells,

text: blood pressure

text: in veins and arteries,

text: micturition

text: , and heart

text: contractility

text: . In addition to these functionalities, stretch-activated ion channels have also been found to be involved with balance and

text: proprioceptive sensation

text: The ability to identify odors varies among people and decreases with age. Studies show there are sex differences in odor discrimination; women usually outperform men. Pregnant women also have increased smell sensitivity, sometimes resulting in abnormal taste and smell perceptions, leading to food cravings or aversions. Deficits in smell also increase with age as well as a prevalence of taste problems (the sense of smell tends to dominate the sense of taste). Chronic smell problems are reported in small numbers for those in their mid-twenties, with numbers increasing steadily with overall sensitivity beginning to decline in the second decade of life, and then deteriorating appreciably as age increases to over 70 years of age.

text: Organoleptic properties are the aspects of food, water or other substances that an individual experiences via the senses—including taste, sight, smell, and touch.

text: Organoleptic properties are the aspects of food, water or other substances that an individual experiences via the

text: sense

text: s—including

text: taste

text: sight

text: , smell, and touch.

text: The importance and sensitivity of smell varies among different organisms; most mammals have a good sense of smell, whereas most birds do not, except the tubenoses (e.g., petrels and albatrosses), certain species of vultures and the kiwis. Among mammals, it is well-developed in the carnivores and ungulates, which must always be aware of each other, and in those that smell for their food, like moles.  Having a strong sense of smell is referred to as macrosmatic.

text: The importance and sensitivity of smell varies among different organisms; most

text: mammal

text: s have a good sense of smell, whereas most

text: bird

text: s do not, except the

text: tubenoses

text: (e.g.,

text: petrel

text: s and

text: albatross

text: es), certain species of

text: vultures

text: and the

text: kiwi

text: s. Among mammals, it is well-developed in the

text: carnivore

text: s and

text: ungulate

text: s, which must always be aware of each other, and in those that smell for their food, like

text: moles

text: .  Having a strong sense of smell is referred to as macrosmatic.

text: Fine touch (or discriminative touch) is a sensory modality that allows a subject to sense and localize touch. The form of touch where localization is not possible is known as crude touch. The posterior column–medial lemniscus pathway is the pathway responsible for the sending of fine touch information to the cerebral cortex of the brain.

text: Fine touch (or discriminative touch) is a sensory modality that allows a subject to sense and localize touch. The form of

text: touch

text: where localization is not possible is known as crude touch. The

entity_name: Posterior column–medial lemniscus pathway

text: posterior column–medial lemniscus pathway

text: is the pathway responsible for the sending of fine touch information to the

text: cerebral cortex

text: of the brain.

text: Baxandall argued that everyone processes visual information in the brain in a different way, using a combination of innate skills and skills based on experience, which are often culturally determined. He suggested that cultural factors influence the visual characteristics that are attractive at any particular time. The period eye examines how artists and their works functioned in their original social, commercial and religious context and has been called an "...anthropological analysis of a society’s visual culture."  that "...emphasizes the cultural constructedness of vision...". The concept attempts to  reconstruct the mental and visual equipment brought to bear on works of art in a particular place and time and "...the social acts and cultural practices that shape attention to visual form within a given culture."

text: "when MacDonagh talks about granite and limestone her language takes on a new dimension, introducing the listener to colour, texture, density and ultimately to the processes that working with them involve. 'Granite is the noblest of stones', she says, 'just the toughness of it. Every time you strike the stone you make fire. Granite is volcanic, it was born of fire and you need fire to form it.' She loves the challenge of working on a large scale, coaxing her vision out of unyielding, resistant stone. The circularity of the process, appeals to her sense of the invisible order that is a hall-mark of her work'."

text: In a war council held early on 17 June, the generals developed a plan calling for a direct assault on the colonial fortification, and Gage gave Howe command of the operation.  Despite a sense of urgency (the colonists were still working on the fortifications at the time of the council), the attack, now known as the Battle of Bunker Hill, did not begin until that afternoon. With Howe personally leading the right wing of the attack, the first two assaults were firmly repulsed by the colonial defenders.  Howe's third assault gained the objective, but the cost of the day's battle was appallingly heavy. The British casualties, more than 1,000 killed or wounded, were the highest of any engagement in the war. Howe described it as a "success ... too dearly bought." Although Howe exhibited courage on the battlefield, his tactics and overwhelming confidence were criticised.  One subordinate wrote that Howe's "absurd and destructive confidence" played a role in the number of casualties incurred.

text: In a war council held early on 17 June, the generals developed a plan calling for a direct assault on the colonial fortification, and Gage gave Howe command of the operation.  Despite a sense of urgency (the colonists were still working on the fortifications at the time of the council), the attack, now known as the

text: Battle of Bunker Hill

text: , did not begin until that afternoon. With Howe personally leading the right wing of the attack, the first two assaults were firmly repulsed by the colonial defenders.  Howe's third assault gained the objective, but the cost of the day's battle was appallingly heavy. The British casualties, more than 1,000 killed or wounded, were the highest of any engagement in the war. Howe described it as a "success ... too dearly bought." Although Howe exhibited courage on the battlefield, his tactics and overwhelming confidence were criticised.  One subordinate wrote that Howe's "absurd and destructive confidence" played a role in the number of casualties incurred.

text: The problem is then evaded as follows. "Pegasus flies" implies existence in the wide sense, for it implies that something flies. But it does not imply existence in the narrow sense, for we deny existence in this sense by saying that Pegasus does not exist. In effect, the world of all things divides, on this view, into those (like Socrates, the planet Venus, and New York City) that have existence in the narrow sense, and those (like Sherlock Holmes, the goddess Venus, and Minas Tirith) that do not.

text: The problem is then evaded as follows. "Pegasus flies" implies existence in the wide sense, for it implies that something flies. But it does not imply existence in the narrow sense, for we deny existence in this sense by saying that Pegasus does not exist. In effect, the world of all things divides, on this view, into those (like

text: Socrates

text: , the planet

text: Venus

text: , and New York City) that have existence in the narrow sense, and those (like

text: Sherlock Holmes

text: , the goddess

text: Venus

text: , and

text: Minas Tirith

text: ) that do not.

text: The origin of the business sense of rainmaker may be an allusion to the Native American practice of dancing to encourage deities to bring forth the rain necessary for crops. In summertime during a drought, for instance, the rainmaker would dance and sing songs on the plains, and the activity was believed by others in the tribe to magically cause clouds to come and bring the life-giving rain.  By analogy, a business rainmaker would magically bring new business and clients to a firm or generate more revenue from existing customers and donors, and rain is a metaphor for money. An example was the late advertising agency executive Frederick D. Sulcer who was described as a rainmaker after bringing numerous new accounts to the agency. According to one view, the role of the rainmaker is to find a dormant business problem and then create a vision of what life could be like if that problem were solved.

text: The origin of the business sense of rainmaker may be an allusion to the

text: Native American

text: practice of dancing to encourage deities to bring forth the rain necessary for crops. In summertime during a drought, for instance, the rainmaker would dance and sing songs on the plains, and the activity was believed by others in the tribe to magically cause clouds to come and bring the life-giving rain.  By analogy, a business rainmaker would magically bring new business and clients to a firm or generate more revenue from existing customers and donors, and rain is a

text: metaphor

text: for money. An example was the late advertising agency executive

text: Frederick D. Sulcer

text: who was described as a rainmaker after bringing numerous new accounts to the agency. According to one view, the role of the rainmaker is to find a dormant business problem and then create a vision of what life could be like if that problem were solved.

text: Wild Seed received many positive reviews, especially for its style, with the Washington Post’s Elizabeth A. Lynn praising Butler's writing as “spare and sure, and even in moments of great tension she never loses control over her pacing or over her sense of story.”  In his survey of Butler’s work, critic Burton Raffel singles out Wild Seed as an example of Butler’s “major fictive talent,” calling the book’s prose “precise and tautly cadence,” “forceful because it is focused” and “fictively superbly effective because it is in each and every detail true to the character’s lives.” In his 2001 book How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy, famed science-fiction writer Orson Scott Card used passages from Wild Seed’s opening paragraphs to illustrate principles of good fiction writing (e.g. how to properly name characters, how to keep the reader intrigued) as well as of good speculative writing (how abeyance, implication, and literalism may work together to produce fantastical realities that are nevertheless believable).

text: Wild Seed received many positive reviews, especially for its style, with the Washington Post’s

text: Elizabeth A. Lynn

text: praising Butler's writing as “spare and sure, and even in moments of great tension she never loses control over her pacing or over her sense of story.”  In his survey of Butler’s work, critic

text: Burton Raffel

text: singles out Wild Seed as an example of Butler’s “major fictive talent,” calling the book’s prose “precise and tautly cadence,” “forceful because it is focused” and “fictively superbly effective because it is in each and every detail true to the character’s lives.” In his 2001 book How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy, famed science-fiction writer

text: Orson Scott Card

text: used passages from Wild Seed’s opening paragraphs to illustrate principles of good fiction writing (e.g. how to properly name characters, how to keep the reader intrigued) as well as of good speculative writing (how abeyance, implication, and literalism may work together to produce fantastical realities that are nevertheless believable).

text: As applied in the field of computer vision, graph cuts can be employed to efficiently solve a wide variety of low-level computer vision problems (early vision), such as image smoothing, the stereo correspondence problem, image segmentation, and many other computer vision problems that can be formulated in terms of energy minimization.  Such energy minimization problems can be reduced to instances of the maximum flow problem in a graph (and thus, by the max-flow min-cut theorem, define a minimal cut of the graph).  Under most formulations of such problems in computer vision, the minimum energy solution corresponds to the maximum a posteriori estimate of a solution.  Although many computer vision algorithms involve cutting a graph (e.g., normalized cuts), the term "graph cuts" is applied specifically to those models which employ a max-flow/min-cut optimization (other graph cutting algorithms may be considered as graph partitioning algorithms).

text: As applied in the field of

text: computer vision

text: graph cuts

text: can be employed to

text: efficiently

text: solve a wide variety of low-level computer vision problems (early vision), such as image

text: smoothing

text: , the stereo

text: correspondence problem

text: image segmentation

text: , and many other computer vision problems that can be formulated in terms of

text: energy minimization

text: .  Such energy minimization problems can be

text: reduced

text: to instances of the

text: maximum flow problem

text: in a

text: graph

text: (and thus, by the

text: max-flow min-cut theorem

text: , define a minimal cut of the graph).  Under most formulations of such problems in computer vision, the minimum energy solution corresponds to the

text: maximum a posteriori estimate

text: of a solution.  Although many computer vision algorithms involve cutting a graph (e.g., normalized cuts), the term "graph cuts" is applied specifically to those models which employ a max-flow/min-cut optimization (other graph cutting algorithms may be considered as

text: graph partitioning

text: algorithms).

text: TBI patients may have sensory problems, especially problems with vision; they may not be able to register what they are seeing or may be slow to recognize objects. Also, TBI patients often have difficulty with hand–eye coordination, causing them to seem clumsy or unsteady. Other sensory deficits include problems with hearing, smell, taste, or touch. Tinnitus, a ringing or roaring in the ears, may occur. A person with damage to the part of the brain that processes taste or smell may perceive a persistent bitter taste or noxious smell. Damage to the part of the brain that controls the sense of touch may cause a TBI patient to develop persistent skin tingling, itching, or pain. These conditions are rare and difficult to treat.

text: TBI patients may have sensory problems, especially problems with

text: vision

text: ; they may not be able to register what they are seeing or may be slow to recognize objects. Also, TBI patients often have difficulty with hand–eye coordination, causing them to seem clumsy or unsteady. Other sensory deficits include problems with

text: hearing

text: smell

text: taste

text: , or

text: touch

text: Tinnitus

text: , a ringing or roaring in the ears, may occur. A person with damage to the part of the brain that processes taste or smell may perceive a persistent bitter taste or noxious smell. Damage to the part of the brain that controls the sense of touch may cause a TBI patient to develop persistent skin tingling, itching, or pain. These conditions are rare and difficult to treat.

text: The coconut crab has a well-developed sense of smell, which it uses to locate its food. The process of smelling works very differently depending on whether the smelled molecules are hydrophilic molecules in water or hydrophobic molecules in air. As most crabs live in the water, they have specialised organs called aesthetascs on their antennae to determine both the concentration and the direction of a smell. However, as coconut crabs live on the land, the aesthetascs on their antennae are shorter and blunter than those of other crabs and look more like those of insects. While insects and the coconut crab originate from different paths, the same need to detect smells in the air led to the development of remarkably similar organs. Coconut crabs flick their antennae as insects do to enhance their reception. They have an excellent sense of smell and can detect interesting odours over large distances. The smells of rotting meat, bananas, and coconuts, all potential food sources, catch their attention especially. Research has shown that the olfactory system in the coconut crab's brain is well-developed compared to other areas of the brain.

text: The coconut crab has a well-developed sense of smell, which it uses to locate its food. The process of smelling works very differently depending on whether the smelled molecules are

text: hydrophilic

text: molecules in water or

text: hydrophobic

text: molecules in air. As most crabs live in the water, they have specialised organs called

text: aesthetasc

text: s on their

text: antennae

text: to determine both the concentration and the direction of a smell. However, as coconut crabs live on the land, the aesthetascs on their antennae are shorter and blunter than those of other crabs and look more like those of

text: insect

text: s. While insects and the coconut crab originate from different paths, the same need to detect smells in the air led to the development of remarkably similar organs. Coconut crabs flick their antennae as insects do to enhance their reception. They have an excellent sense of smell and can detect interesting odours over large distances. The smells of rotting meat, bananas, and coconuts, all potential food sources, catch their attention especially. Research has shown that the

text: olfactory system

text: in the coconut crab's brain is well-developed compared to other areas of the brain.

text: Objections can be raised against Parmenides's principles that sensual perception does not show true reality and that thinking is unmoving being. If the senses are unreal, how can they deceive? If thinking is immobile being, how does it move from concept to concept? Instead, it can be stated that the many things that are experienced by the senses are not deceptive. Also, motion can have being. No objection, however, can be made to Parmenides's self-evident main teaching that there is being, or, what is, is.

text: Color is usually attributed to external bodies. However, color is actually the activity of the eye's retina. It is a sensation. The external body is perceived as the cause of the sensation of color. We say, "The body is red." In reality, though, color exists only in the retina of the eye. It is separate from the external object. Color is a mere sensation in the sense organ. The external object is perceived by the intellect's understanding as being the cause of sensations.

text: Most fish possess highly developed sense organs. Nearly all daylight fish have color vision that is at least as good as a human's (see vision in fishes). Many fish also have chemoreceptors that are responsible for extraordinary senses of taste and smell. Although they have ears, many fish may not hear very well. Most fish have sensitive receptors that form the lateral line system, which detects gentle currents and vibrations, and senses the motion of nearby fish and prey. Sharks can sense frequencies in the range of 25 to 50 Hz through their lateral line.

text: Most fish possess highly developed sense organs. Nearly all daylight fish have color vision that is at least as good as a human's (see

text: vision in fishes

text: ). Many fish also have chemoreceptors that are responsible for extraordinary senses of taste and smell. Although they have ears, many fish may not hear very well. Most fish have sensitive receptors that form the

text: lateral line system

text: , which detects gentle currents and vibrations, and senses the motion of nearby fish and prey. Sharks can sense frequencies in the range of 25 to 50

text: Hz

text: through their lateral line.

text: The HTC Hero (marketed as the T-Mobile G2 Touch on T-Mobile in the UK, Austria, Germany, Croatia, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Hungary, and the Era G2 Touch in Poland) is the third phone manufactured by HTC for the Android platform, the second flagship Android phone, and the fourth android phone, after the HTC Dream, HTC Magic, and Samsung Galaxy.  Notably, it is the first phone by HTC to feature a 3.5 mm audio jack, multi-touch ability, the HTC Sense user interface, and a "Lite" version of Adobe Flash. The phone was announced on June 24, 2009 in London. It was released in Europe during July 2009, and in the U.S. via Sprint on October 11, 2009 and via Cellular South on November 9, 2009. FCC documents surfaced to show that there would be a version of the HTC Hero supporting Rogers and AT&T's bands for 3G, which was later released in Canada for Telus's new HSPA+ network. The phone is available in the UK on Orange, 3, T-Mobile, BT Broadband Anywhere (MVNO), and SIM-free. In Australia it is available exclusively through retailer Harvey Norman SIM-free.

text: The HTC Hero (marketed as the T-Mobile G2 Touch on

text: T-Mobile

text: in the UK, Austria, Germany, Croatia, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Hungary, and the Era G2 Touch in Poland) is the third phone manufactured by

text: HTC

text: for the

text: Android

text: platform, the second flagship Android phone, and the fourth android phone, after the

text: HTC Dream

text: HTC Magic

text: , and

text: Samsung Galaxy

text: .  Notably, it is the first phone by HTC to feature a 3.5 mm audio jack,

text: multi-touch

text: ability, the

text: HTC Sense

text: user interface, and a "Lite" version of

text: Adobe Flash

text: . The phone was announced on June 24, 2009 in London. It was released in Europe during July 2009, and in the U.S. via Sprint on October 11, 2009 and via

text: Cellular South

text: on November 9, 2009. FCC documents surfaced to show that there would be a version of the HTC Hero supporting

text: Rogers

text: and AT&T's bands for 3G, which was later released in Canada for

text: Telus

text: 's new HSPA+ network. The phone is available in the UK on Orange, 3, T-Mobile, BT Broadband Anywhere (

text: MVNO

text: ), and SIM-free. In Australia it is available exclusively through retailer

text: Harvey Norman

text: SIM-free.

text: Edge detection includes a variety of mathematical methods that aim at identifying points in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities. The points at which image brightness changes sharply are typically organized into a set of curved line segments termed edges. The same problem of finding discontinuities in 1D signals is known as step detection and the problem of finding signal discontinuities over time is known as change detection. Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing, machine vision and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction.

text: Edge detection includes a variety of mathematical methods that aim at identifying points in a

text: digital image

text: at which the

text: image brightness

text: changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities. The points at which image brightness changes sharply are typically organized into a set of curved line segments termed edges. The same problem of finding discontinuities in 1D signals is known as

text: step detection

text: and the problem of finding signal discontinuities over time is known as

text: change detection

text: . Edge detection is a fundamental tool in

text: image processing

text: machine vision

text: and

text: computer vision

text: , particularly in the areas of

text: feature detection

text: and

text: feature extraction

text: Striking, pushing, pulling, pinching, kicking, strangling and hand-to-hand fighting are forms of touch in the context of physical abuse. In a sentence like "I never touched him/her" or "Don't you dare to touch him/her" the term touch may be meant as euphemism for either physical abuse or sexual touching. To 'touch oneself' is a euphemism for masturbation. The word touch has many other metaphorical uses. One can be emotionally touched, referring to an action or object that evokes an emotional response. To say "I was touched by your letter" implies the reader felt a strong emotion when reading it. It usually does not include anger, disgust or other forms of emotional rejection unless used in a sarcastic manner. Stoeltje (2003) wrote about how Americans are ‘losing touch’ with this important communication skill. During a study conducted by University of Miami School of Medicine, Touch Research Institutes, American children were said to be more aggressive than their French counterparts while playing at a playground. It was noted that French women touched their children more often than the American parents.

text: Striking

text: , pushing, pulling, pinching,

text: kick

text: ing,

text: strangling

text: and hand-to-hand

text: fighting

text: are forms of touch in the context of

text: physical abuse

text: . In a sentence like "I never touched him/her" or "Don't you dare to touch him/her" the term touch may be meant as

text: euphemism

text: for either physical abuse or sexual touching. To 'touch oneself' is a euphemism for

text: masturbation

text: . The word touch has many other

text: metaphor

text: ical uses. One can be

text: emotion

text: ally touched, referring to an action or object that evokes an emotional response. To say "I was touched by your letter" implies the reader felt a strong emotion when reading it. It usually does not include

text: anger

text: disgust

text: or other forms of emotional rejection unless used in a

text: sarcastic

text: manner. Stoeltje (2003) wrote about how Americans are ‘losing touch’ with this important communication skill. During a study conducted by

text: University of Miami

text: School of Medicine, Touch Research Institutes, American children were said to be more aggressive than their French counterparts while playing at a playground. It was noted that French women touched their children more often than the American parents.

text: This work is valuable as sociological scholarship because it provides material that informs a sense of what the future will be like in the sense of how Muslim Americans will be treated in America moving forward.

text: Hydrodynamic reception refers to the ability of some animals to sense water movements generated by biotic (conspecifics, predators, or prey) or abiotic sources. This form of mechanoreception is useful for orientation, hunting, predator avoidance, and schooling. Frequent encounters with conditions of low visibility can prevent vision from being a reliable information source for navigation and sensing objects or organisms in the environment. Sensing water movements is one resolution to this problem.

text: Hydrodynamic reception refers to the ability of some

text: animals

text: to sense water movements generated by biotic (

text: conspecifics

text: , predators, or prey) or abiotic sources. This form of

text: mechanoreception

text: is useful for orientation, hunting, predator avoidance, and schooling. Frequent encounters with conditions of low visibility can prevent

text: vision

text: from being a reliable information source for navigation and sensing objects or organisms in the environment. Sensing water movements is one resolution to this problem.

text: Children learn that they are separate from the environment. They can think about aspects of the environment, even though these may be outside the reach of the child's senses. In this stage, according to Piaget, the development of object permanence is one of the most important accomplishments. Object permanence is a child's understanding that objects continue to exist even though he or she cannot see or hear them. Peek-a-boo is a good test for that. By the end of the sensorimotor period, children develop a permanent sense of self and object.

text: Children learn that they are separate from the environment. They can think about aspects of the environment, even though these may be outside the reach of the child's senses. In this stage, according to Piaget, the development of

text: object permanence

text: is one of the most important accomplishments. Object permanence is a child's understanding that objects continue to exist even though he or she cannot see or hear them. Peek-a-boo is a good test for that. By the end of the sensorimotor period, children develop a permanent sense of self and object.

text: Induced defences require plant sensing the nature of injury, such as wounding from herbivore attack as opposed to wounding from mechanical damage. Plants therefore use a variety of cues, including the sense of touch, and salivary enzymes of the attacking herbivore. For example, in a study to test whether plants can distinguish mechanical damage from insect herbivory attack, Korth and Dixon (1997) discovered that the accumulation of induce defence transcription products occurred more rapidly in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves chewed on by caterpillars than in leaves damaged mechanically.  Distinct signal transduction pathway are activated in response either to insect damage or mechanical damage in plants. While chemicals released in wounding responses are the same in both cases, the pathway in which they accumulate are separate. Not all herbivore attack begins with feeding, but with insects laying eggs on the plant. The adults of butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), for example, do not feed on plants directly, but lay eggs on plants which are suitable food for their larva. In such cases, plants have been demonstrated to induce defences upon contact from the ovipositing of insects.

text: On the other hand, Rolling Stone claimed Ocean Eyes as "disappointing", only awarding it 2/5 stars. The magazine especially criticized the slower songs, saying that forgettable tracks like "On the Wing" were "just mush". Allmusic also gave the album a total of 2.5/5, stating "Ocean Eyes ultimately winds up too sugary for its own good, though, having focused on dessert without giving its listeners any sort of meaty, substantive entrée. A handful of ballads add some sense of variety to the album's pace, but Owl City is largely a vehicle for the one song Adam Young knows how to make."

text: On the other hand,

text: Rolling Stone

text: claimed Ocean Eyes as "disappointing", only awarding it 2/5 stars. The magazine especially criticized the slower songs, saying that forgettable tracks like "On the Wing" were "just mush".

text: Allmusic

text: also gave the album a total of 2.5/5, stating "Ocean Eyes ultimately winds up too sugary for its own good, though, having focused on dessert without giving its listeners any sort of meaty, substantive entrée. A handful of ballads add some sense of variety to the album's pace, but Owl City is largely a vehicle for the one song Adam Young knows how to make."

text: In Buddhism, the six sense bases (Pali: ; Skt.: ) refer to the five physical sense organs (cf. receptive field) (belonging to the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body), the mind (referred to as the sixth sense base) and their associated objects (visual forms, sounds, odors, flavors, touch and mental objects).  Based on the six sense bases, a number of mental factors arise including six "types" or "classes" of consciousness (viññāa-kāyā).  More specifically, according to this analysis, the six types of consciousness are eye-consciousness (that is, consciousness based on the eye), ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness and mind-consciousness.

text: In Buddhism, the

text: six sense bases

text: (Pali: ; Skt.: ) refer to the five physical sense organs (cf.

text: receptive field

text: ) (belonging to the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body), the mind (referred to as the sixth sense base) and their associated objects (visual forms, sounds, odors, flavors, touch and mental objects).  Based on the six sense bases, a number of mental factors arise including six "types" or "classes" of consciousness (viññāa-kāyā).  More specifically, according to this analysis, the six types of consciousness are eye-consciousness (that is, consciousness based on the eye), ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness and mind-consciousness.

text: A pioneer in the use of remote sensing in Maya research is NASA archaeologist Tom Sever, who has applied remote sensing to research in Maya site discovery as well as mapping causeways (sacbeob) and roads. Sever has stressed the enormous use of remote sensing in uncovering settlement patterns, population densities, societal structure, communication, and transportation. Sever has done much of his research in the Petén region of northern Guatemala, where he and his research team have used satellite imagery and GIS to map undiscovered roads and causeways the ancient Maya built to connect cities and settlements. These landscape artifacts represent the advantage of using remote sensing as these causeways are not visible from the ground. By mapping these forms, Sever is able to locate new sites and further uncover ancient Maya methods of communicated and transportation. Sever and his team also use remote sensing methods to gather data on deforestation. The rain forests of the Petén are undergoing massive deforestation, and Sever's remote sensing offers another window into this understanding and halting this problem. Monitoring the rate of deforestation not only has important ecological value, but the use of remote sensing can detect landscape change. By measuring the magnitude of landscape change in terms of vegetative cover and soil geography, as well as shifting land use patterns and the associated cultural diversity, archaeologists are given a window into depletion rates and trends in anthropogenic landscape alteration.

text: A pioneer in the use of remote sensing in Maya research is

text: NASA

text: archaeologist Tom Sever, who has applied remote sensing to research in Maya site discovery as well as mapping

text: causeways

text: sacbe

text: ob) and roads. Sever has stressed the enormous use of remote sensing in uncovering settlement patterns, population densities, societal structure, communication, and transportation. Sever has done much of his research in the Petén region of northern Guatemala, where he and his research team have used satellite imagery and

text: GIS

text: to map undiscovered roads and causeways the ancient

text: Maya

text: built to connect cities and settlements. These landscape artifacts represent the advantage of using

text: remote sensing

text: as these

text: causeways

text: are not visible from the ground. By mapping these forms, Sever is able to locate new sites and further uncover ancient Maya methods of communicated and transportation. Sever and his team also use remote sensing methods to gather data on

text: deforestation

text: . The

text: rain forests

text: of the Petén are undergoing massive deforestation, and Sever's remote sensing offers another window into this understanding and halting this problem. Monitoring the rate of deforestation not only has important ecological value, but the use of remote sensing can detect landscape change. By measuring the magnitude of landscape change in terms of vegetative cover and

text: soil geography

text: , as well as shifting land use patterns and the associated cultural diversity, archaeologists are given a window into depletion rates and trends in anthropogenic landscape alteration.

text: As an infant, the individual with intellectual disability might sit up, crawl, or walk later than what is developmentally appropriate.  He or she may have trouble talking or learn to talk late.  The infant with intellectual disability will probably have trouble learning to potty train, feeding himself or herself, remembering things, with problem-solving, and may have recurrent explosive tantrums.  Some symptoms that a child with intellectual disability might show are continued infant-like behavior, a lack of curiosity, the inability to meet educational demands, learning ability that is below average, and the failure to meet developmentally appropriate intellectual goals.  Some children with severe intellectual disability may have seizures, mobility problems, vision problem, or hearing problems.

text: The olfactory nerve (I) conveys the sense of smell.

text: The

text: olfactory nerve

text: (I) conveys the sense of smell.

text: The hearing ability of a dog is dependent on breed and age, though the range of hearing is usually around 67 Hz to 45 kHz, which is a range of 9 octaves. (Humans hear a range of about 10 octaves.) As with humans, some dog breeds' hearing ranges narrow with age, such as the German shepherd and miniature poodle. When dogs hear a sound, they will move their ears towards it in order to maximise reception. In order to achieve this, the ears of a dog are controlled by at least 18 muscles, which allow the ears to tilt and rotate. The ear's shape also allows the sound to be heard more accurately. Many breeds often have upright and curved ears, which direct and amplify sounds.

text: The hearing ability of a

text: dog

text: is dependent on breed and age, though the range of hearing is usually around 67 Hz to 45 kHz, which is a range of 9 octaves. (Humans hear a range of about 10 octaves.) As with humans, some dog breeds' hearing ranges narrow with age, such as the

text: German shepherd

text: and miniature poodle. When dogs hear a sound, they will move their ears towards it in order to maximise reception. In order to achieve this, the ears of a dog are controlled by at least 18 muscles, which allow the ears to tilt and rotate. The ear's shape also allows the sound to be heard more accurately. Many breeds often have upright and curved ears, which direct and amplify sounds.

text: Various organic diseases may cause parosmias (distortion of the sense of smell). Also, since smell and taste are intimately linked senses, disorders of gustation (e.g. dysgeusia- taste dysfunction) can present as a complaint related to smell, and vice versa. These conditions, collectively termed chemosensory dysfunctions, are many and varied, and they may trigger a person to complain of an odor than is not present, however the diagnostic criteria for ORS require the exclusion of any such causes. They include pathology of the right hemisphere of the brain, substance abuse, arteriovenous malformations in the brain, and temporal lobe epilepsy.

text: Various organic diseases may cause parosmias (distortion of the sense of smell). Also, since smell and taste are intimately linked senses, disorders of gustation (e.g.

text: dysgeusia

text: - taste dysfunction) can present as a complaint related to smell, and vice versa. These conditions, collectively termed chemosensory dysfunctions, are many and varied, and they may trigger a person to complain of an odor than is not present, however the diagnostic criteria for ORS require the exclusion of any such causes. They include pathology of the right hemisphere of the brain,

text: substance abuse

text: , arteriovenous malformations in the brain, and temporal lobe epilepsy.

text: Balance, equilibrioception, or vestibular sense is the sense that allows an organism to sense body movement, direction, and acceleration, and to attain and maintain postural equilibrium and balance. The organ of equilibrioception is the vestibular labyrinthine system found in both of the inner ears. In technical terms, this organ is responsible for two senses of angular momentum acceleration and linear acceleration (which also senses gravity), but they are known together as equilibrioception.

text: Balance

text: equilibrioception

text: , or vestibular sense is the sense that allows an organism to sense body movement, direction, and acceleration, and to attain and maintain postural equilibrium and balance. The organ of equilibrioception is the vestibular labyrinthine system found in both of the

text: inner ear

text: s. In technical terms, this organ is responsible for two senses of

text: angular momentum

text: acceleration and

text: linear acceleration

text: (which also senses

text: gravity

text: ), but they are known together as equilibrioception.

text: Bolesław Prus, who in his "Weekly Chronicles" frequently touched on political events in Germany, devoted much of his December 4, 1887, column to Prince Frederick and his illness.  The latest news from Germany and from San Remo, Italy, where the Prince was undergoing treatment, had been encouraging.  Prus wrote with relief that "the Successor to the German Throne reportedly does not have cancer."  By mid-December, however, the politically inspired optimism in the Berlin press had again yielded to a sense of despair.

text: Bolesław Prus

text: , who in his "Weekly Chronicles" frequently touched on political events in Germany, devoted much of his December 4, 1887, column to Prince Frederick and his illness.  The latest news from Germany and from

text: San Remo

text: , Italy, where the Prince was undergoing treatment, had been encouraging.  Prus wrote with relief that "the Successor to the German Throne reportedly does not have cancer."  By mid-December, however, the politically inspired optimism in the Berlin press had again yielded to a sense of despair.

text: Smell or olfaction (adjectival form: olfactory) is the other "chemical" sense. Unlike taste, there are hundreds of olfactory receptors (388 according to one source), each binding to a particular molecular feature. Odor molecules possess a variety of features and, thus, excite specific receptors more or less strongly. This combination of excitatory signals from different receptors makes up what we perceive as the molecule's smell. In the brain, olfaction is processed by the olfactory system. Olfactory receptor neurons in the nose differ from most other neurons in that they die and regenerate on a regular basis. The inability to smell is called anosmia. Some neurons in the nose are specialized to detect pheromones.

text: Smell

text: or olfaction (adjectival form: olfactory) is the other "chemical" sense. Unlike taste, there are hundreds of olfactory receptors (388 according to one source), each binding to a particular molecular feature. Odor molecules possess a variety of features and, thus, excite specific receptors more or less strongly. This combination of excitatory signals from different receptors makes up what we perceive as the molecule's smell. In the brain, olfaction is processed by the

text: olfactory system

text: Olfactory receptor neuron

text: s in the

text: nose

text: differ from most other neurons in that they die and regenerate on a regular basis. The inability to smell is called

text: anosmia

text: . Some neurons in the nose are specialized to detect

text: pheromone

text: s.

text: With its almost bare trees and pale light, the painting conveys the atmosphere of a November morning. The man, walking alone along the lakeside, adds to the melancholy of the scene. One can almost hear the gentle rustling if the leaves, the man's distant footsteps and the lapping of the water against the reeds. The painting's vertical and horizontal lines provide a fine balance which is typical of Købke's ability to convey a sense of peacefulness in his compositions. His appreciation of colour can be seen in the pale pink morning light.

text: Havdalah is intended to require a person to use all five senses—to taste the wine, smell the spices, see the flame of the candle and feel its heat, and hear the blessings.

text: Human echolocation is a learned ability for humans to sense their environment from echoes. This ability is used by some blind people to navigate their environment and sense their surroundings in detail. Studies in 2010 and 2011 using functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques have shown that parts of the brain associated with visual processing are adapted for the new skill of echolocation. Studies with blind patients, for example, suggest that the click-echoes heard by these patients were processed by brain regions devoted to vision rather than audition.

text: Human echolocation

text: is a learned ability for humans to sense their environment from echoes. This ability is used by some

text: blind

text: people to navigate their environment and sense their surroundings in detail. Studies in 2010 and 2011 using

text: functional magnetic resonance imaging

text: techniques have shown that parts of the brain associated with visual processing are adapted for the new skill of echolocation. Studies with blind patients, for example, suggest that the click-echoes heard by these patients were processed by brain regions devoted to vision rather than audition.

text: Larger vehicles can create visibility problems for other drivers by obscuring their view of traffic lights, signs, and other vehicles on the road, plus the road itself. Depending on design, drivers of some larger vehicles may themselves suffer from poor visibility to the side and the rear. Poor rearward vision has led to many "backover deaths" where vehicles have run over small children when backing out of driveways. The problem of backover deaths has become so widespread that reversing cameras are being installed on some vehicles to improve rearward vision.

text: Within media studies mediation is also used in the same sense as in Marxist theory: thinkers try to look at how a given medium reconciles the various forces of history, culture, economics or the material world, and how social actors use that medium to navigate these various meanings and values. The central problem for any media theorist, similar to the problem of a Marxist theorist, is to attempt to analyze what is possible and what is limited by a given medium. Or, in other words, how does the structure of the medium limit how that medium can be used and how do social actors work both within and against that structure?

text: Within

text: media studies

text: mediation is also used in the same sense as in Marxist theory: thinkers try to look at how a given medium reconciles the various forces of history, culture, economics or the material world, and how social actors use that medium to navigate these various meanings and values. The central problem for any media theorist, similar to the problem of a Marxist theorist, is to attempt to analyze what is possible and what is limited by a given medium. Or, in other words, how does the structure of the medium limit how that medium can be used and how do social actors work both within and against that structure?

text: Rangers are not just the eyes and ears but also the voice of the military in their communities. They represent an ongoing conversation about what is happening in remote regions, about how the military can best operate in the North, and about the importance of connecting considerations of sovereignty and national security to a strong sense of place.

text: Most early Windows Mobile devices came with a stylus, which can be used to enter commands by tapping it on the screen. The primary touch input technology behind most devices were resistive touchscreens which often required a stylus for input.  Later devices used capacitive sensing which does not require a stylus.  Along with touchscreens, a large variety of form factors existed for the platform. Some devices featured slideout keyboards, while others featured minimal face buttons.

text: Most early Windows Mobile devices came with a

text: stylus

text: , which can be used to enter commands by tapping it on the screen. The primary touch input technology behind most devices were

text: resistive touchscreen

text: s which often required a stylus for input.  Later devices used

text: capacitive sensing

text: which does not require a stylus.  Along with touchscreens, a large variety of

text: form factors

text: existed for the platform. Some devices featured slideout keyboards, while others featured minimal face buttons.

text: Pack and Herman (1995) demonstrated the bottlenosed dolphin's ability to recognize the shapes of novel objects across the senses of echolocation and vision. In other words, if the dolphin viewed an unfamiliar object visually, it could recognize that same object and pick it out amongst dissimilar alternatives when presented to the echoic sense only through the use of an "anechoic chamber", a box submerged underwater with a window of black acrylic glass that is opaque to light, but transparent to echolocation. The objects used for generalization trials were controlled for overall size (and therefore echo strength) and composition (all objects were constructed of PVC). These abilities were measured to be equally strong in both directions, echoic-to-visual, and visual-to-echoic. The dolphin used in this research was named Elele.

text: Pack and Herman (1995) demonstrated the bottlenosed dolphin's ability to recognize the shapes of novel objects across the senses of

text: echolocation

text: and

text: vision

text: . In other words, if the dolphin viewed an unfamiliar object visually, it could recognize that same object and pick it out amongst dissimilar alternatives when presented to the echoic sense only through the use of an "anechoic chamber", a box submerged underwater with a window of black

text: acrylic glass

text: that is opaque to light, but transparent to echolocation. The objects used for generalization trials were controlled for overall size (and therefore echo strength) and composition (all objects were constructed of

text: PVC

text: ). These abilities were measured to be equally strong in both directions, echoic-to-visual, and visual-to-echoic. The dolphin used in this research was named Elele.

text: Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight. Living systems can integrate the inputs from the senses to navigate in their environment and to coordinate posture, locomotion, and eye movements. Gravity has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In weightlessness during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during free-fall. For example, the otolith organs of the vestibular system no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when standing. However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in perception, which affects spatial orientation and mental representation. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as space motion sickness in orbit and balance disorders after return to Earth.

text: Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the

text: central nervous system

text: (CNS) functions during

text: spaceflight

text: Living systems

text: can integrate the inputs from the

text: senses

text: to navigate in their environment and to coordinate

text: posture

text: locomotion

text: , and

text: eye movements

text: Gravity

text: has a fundamental role in controlling these functions. In

text: weightlessness

text: during spaceflight, integrating the sensory inputs and coordinating motor responses is harder to do because gravity is no longer sensed during

text: free-fall

text: . For example, the

text: otolith

text: organs of the

text: vestibular system

text: no longer signal head tilt relative to gravity when

text: standing

text: . However, they can still sense head translation during body motion. Ambiguities and changes in how the gravitational input is processed can lead to potential errors in

text: perception

text: , which affects

text: spatial orientation

text: and

text: mental representation

text: . Dysfunctions of the

text: vestibular system

text: are common during and immediately after spaceflight, such as

text: space motion sickness

text: in orbit and

text: balance disorder

text: s after return to Earth.

text: Dysgeusia ( or ) or parageusia is a distortion of the sense of taste.  Dysgeusia is also often associated with ageusia, which is the complete lack of taste, and hypogeusia, which is a decrease in taste sensitivity.  An alteration in taste or smell may be a secondary process in various disease states, or it may be the primary symptom. The distortion in the sense of taste is the only symptom, and diagnosis is usually complicated since the sense of taste is tied together with other sensory systems. Common causes of dysgeusia include chemotherapy, asthma treatment with albuterol, and zinc deficiency.  Different drugs could also be responsible for altering taste and resulting in dysgeusia.  Due to the variety of causes of dysgeusia, there are many possible treatments that are effective in alleviating or terminating the symptoms of dysgeusia.  These include artificial saliva, pilocarpine, zinc supplementation, alterations in drug therapy, and alpha lipoic acid.

text: Dysgeusia ( or ) or parageusia is a distortion of the sense of taste.  Dysgeusia is also often associated with

text: ageusia

text: , which is the complete lack of taste, and

text: hypogeusia

text: , which is a decrease in taste sensitivity.  An alteration in taste or smell may be a secondary process in various disease states, or it may be the primary

text: symptom

text: . The distortion in the sense of taste is the only symptom, and

text: diagnosis

text: is usually complicated since the sense of taste is tied together with other

text: sensory systems

text: . Common causes of dysgeusia include chemotherapy, asthma treatment with albuterol, and zinc deficiency.  Different drugs could also be responsible for altering taste and resulting in dysgeusia.  Due to the variety of causes of dysgeusia, there are many possible treatments that are effective in alleviating or terminating the symptoms of dysgeusia.  These include artificial saliva, pilocarpine, zinc supplementation, alterations in drug therapy, and alpha lipoic acid.

text: Imbued with a sense of humor, a touch of nostalgia, and an eye to the future, Clay's work was noted overall by a fastidious attention to detail and masterful technique. Each edition (rarely exceeding 200 impressions) would take Clay up to three months to complete.

text: During ancient Greek times, touch was considered to be an unrefined perceptual system because it differed from the other senses on the basis of the distance and timing of perception of the stimulus. Unlike vision and audition, one perceives touch simultaneously with the medium and the stimulus is always proximal and not distal. By 17th century, the British empiricist John Locke attributed the word “feeling” with two types of sensation. Weber distinctly identified these two types of sensation as the sense of touch and common bodily sensibility. This distinction further helped 19th century psychiatrists to distinguish between tactile hallucinations and cenesthopathy. During the 19th century, tactile hallucinations were classified as symptoms associated with insanity, organic and toxic syndromes and delusional parasitosis yet there was no identification on how such hallucinations were caused. Currently, neuroscientists such Dr. Oliver Sacks and Dr. V.S. Ramachandran have analyzed and attributed tactile hallucinations as a dysfunctional perception of the brain as opposed just a symptom related to insanity. They have contributed significantly to propose tactile hallucinations as the false perception of tactile sensory input creating a sensation of touch with an imaginary object.

text: During ancient Greek times, touch was considered to be an unrefined perceptual system because it differed from the other senses on the basis of the distance and timing of

text: perception

text: of the

text: stimulus

text: . Unlike

text: vision

text: and

text: audition

text: , one perceives touch simultaneously with the medium and the

text: stimulus

text: is always

text: proximal

text: and not

text: distal

text: . By 17th century, the British empiricist

text: John Locke

text: attributed the word “feeling” with two types of

text: sensation

text: Weber

text: distinctly identified these two types of sensation as the sense of touch and common bodily sensibility. This distinction further helped 19th century psychiatrists to distinguish between tactile hallucinations and

text: cenesthopathy

text: . During the 19th century, tactile hallucinations were classified as symptoms associated with

text: insanity

text: , organic and toxic syndromes and

text: delusional parasitosis

text: yet there was no identification on how such hallucinations were caused. Currently, neuroscientists such Dr.

text: Oliver Sacks

text: and Dr.

text: V.S. Ramachandran

text: have analyzed and attributed tactile hallucinations as a dysfunctional perception of the brain as opposed just a

text: symptom

text: related to

text: insanity

text: . They have contributed significantly to propose tactile hallucinations as the false perception of

text: tactile

text: sensory input creating a sensation of touch with an imaginary object.

text: As an adherer to Scottish common sense realism, Blair's theories are founded in the belief that the principles of rhetoric evolve from the principles of nature. Blair's definition of taste reflects this sentiment: "The power of receiving pleasure from the beauties of nature and art: (15). His analysis of the nature of taste is one of his most important contributions to compositional theories because taste, according to Blair, is foundational to rhetoric and necessary for successful written and spoken discourse.

text: As an adherer to Scottish

text: common sense realism

text: , Blair's theories are founded in the belief that the principles of rhetoric evolve from the principles of nature. Blair's definition of taste reflects this sentiment: "The power of receiving pleasure from the beauties of nature and art: (15). His analysis of the nature of taste is one of his most important contributions to compositional theories because taste, according to Blair, is foundational to rhetoric and necessary for successful written and spoken discourse.

text: Different bottles, nominally of the same wine, can taste and smell different.

text: Different bottles, nominally of the same

text: wine

text: , can taste and smell different.

text: Both Spatial Vision Robotics and Spatial Vision Inspection use a variety of sensors and cameras for multi-D sensing, such as structured light sensors, camera pairs (stereopsis), webcams, lasers, Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR), and Time Of Flight sensors.

text: Alex can also transform parts of his body into a selection of martial implements acquired over the course of the game, either as purchased upgrades or being given them. Offensive powers include the large and powerful Blade arm, fast razor-sharp Claws (which can also erupt large spikes from the ground), the telescoping Whipfist, Musclemass that augments his strength, and the slow but powerful Hammerfists. Defensive options consist of a large shield on Alex's left arm for blocking ballistic attacks that needs to regenerate after excessive damage, and full body armor that exchanges agility and speed for toughness in hand-to-hand combat; both will allow Alex to plow through most obstacles when active. Vision modes include thermal vision, which allows Alex to see enemies through smoke and other obstacles at the expense of a decreased vision range, and Infected vision, which highlights those infected with the BLACKLIGHT virus as well as military units. Both vision modes muffle all of Alex's other senses, such as hearing, in order to concentrate on his sight. One defensive and offensive power may be active at a time, and using either will negate Alex's current disguise. In addition to his own abilities, Alex can take the weapons from defeated or absorbed enemies. These include automatic rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers and missile launchers. He can also seize control of military vehicles, such as tanks and helicopters.

text: Alex can also transform parts of his body into a selection of martial implements acquired over the course of the game, either as purchased upgrades or being given them. Offensive powers include the large and powerful Blade arm, fast razor-sharp Claws (which can also erupt large spikes from the ground), the telescoping Whipfist, Musclemass that augments his strength, and the slow but powerful Hammerfists. Defensive options consist of a large shield on Alex's left arm for blocking ballistic attacks that needs to regenerate after excessive damage, and full body armor that exchanges agility and speed for toughness in hand-to-hand combat; both will allow Alex to plow through most obstacles when active. Vision modes include

text: thermal

text: vision, which allows Alex to see enemies through smoke and other obstacles at the expense of a decreased vision range, and Infected vision, which highlights those infected with the BLACKLIGHT virus as well as military units. Both vision modes muffle all of Alex's other senses, such as hearing, in order to concentrate on his sight. One defensive and offensive power may be active at a time, and using either will negate Alex's current disguise. In addition to his own abilities, Alex can take the weapons from defeated or absorbed enemies. These include automatic rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers and missile launchers. He can also seize control of military vehicles, such as tanks and helicopters.

text: This visual interpretation encapsulates the personal piety of rural peasants, many illiterate, for whom salvation history was expressed in these crucial aspects of God's loving relationship with us and the Christian duty to love of neighbor. Sanctifying grace flows from the Paschal Victim on the Cross, an image Nicholas described in his vision by the stream, where the Tabernacle sits atop a spring that flows forth covering the earth, echoing the rivers flowing from the Temple in Ezekiel's visions. Such profound insights on the allegorical, anagogical and tropological senses of scripture are often lost in modern biblical exegesis that focuses too narrowly on the literal sense, the historical-critical method.

text: This visual interpretation encapsulates the personal piety of rural peasants, many illiterate, for whom salvation history was expressed in these crucial aspects of God's loving relationship with us and the Christian duty to love of neighbor. Sanctifying grace flows from the Paschal Victim on the Cross, an image Nicholas described in his vision by the stream, where the Tabernacle sits atop a spring that flows forth covering the earth, echoing the rivers flowing from the Temple in

text: Ezekiel

text: 's visions. Such profound insights on the allegorical, anagogical and

text: tropological

text: senses of scripture

text: are often lost in modern biblical exegesis that focuses too narrowly on the literal sense, the

text: historical-critical method

text: For example, the size of an object, the orientation of the object, and its distance from the observer are conflated in the retinal image. For any given projection on the retina there are an infinite number of pairings of object size, orientation and distance that could have given rise to that projection on the retina. Because the image on the retina does not specify which pairing did in fact cause the image, this and other aspects of vision qualify as an inverse problem.

text: For example, the size of an object, the orientation of the object, and its distance from the observer are conflated in the retinal image. For any given projection on the

text: retina

text: there are an infinite number of pairings of object size, orientation and distance that could have given rise to that projection on the

text: retina

text: . Because the image on the retina does not specify which pairing did in fact cause the image, this and other aspects of vision qualify as an

text: inverse problem

text: Some argue that because depersonalization and derealization are both impairments to one’s ability to perceive reality, they are merely two facets of the same disorder. Depersonalization also differs from delusion in the sense that the patient is able to differentiate between reality and the symptoms they may experience. The ability to sense that something is unreal is maintained when experiencing symptoms of the disorder. The problem with properly defining depersonalization also lies within the understanding of what reality actually is. In order to comprehend the nature of reality we must incorporate all the subjective experiences throughout and thus the problem of obtaining an objective definition is brought about again.

text: This section can only list a small selection of the many verb chunks, in order to give a sense for how the system works:

text: The primary aims of the foundation are to promote awareness of hearing health and the prevention of noise induced hearing loss, provide seed money to researchers focused on hearing and balance science through grants, and to find better therapies and cures for hearing loss and tinnitus through the Hearing Restoration Project (HRP).

text: The primary aims of the foundation are to promote awareness of hearing health and the prevention of

text: noise induced hearing loss

text: , provide

text: seed money

text: to researchers focused on hearing and balance science through grants, and to find better therapies and cures for hearing loss and tinnitus through the Hearing Restoration Project (HRP).

text: He is a principal investigator on several NASA-funded projects to study the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheets and Antarctic ice sheets by using radar interferometry and other methods; the interactions of ice shelves with the ocean; and the dynamic retreat of Patagonian glaciers. In particular, Rignot's primary research interests are glaciology, climate change, radar remote sensing, ice sheet numerical modeling, radar interferometry, radio echo sounding, and ice-ocean interactions. His research group focuses on understanding the interactions of ice and climate, ice sheet mass balance, ice-ocean interactions in Greenland and Antarctica, and current/future contributions of ice sheets to sea level change.

text: He is a

text: principal investigator

text: on several NASA-funded projects to study the

text: mass balance

text: of the

text: Greenland ice sheets

text: and

text: Antarctic ice sheet

text: s by using

text: radar

text: interferometry

text: and other methods; the interactions of

text: ice shelves

text: with the ocean; and the

text: dynamic retreat

text: of

text: Patagonian glaciers

text: . In particular, Rignot's primary research interests are

text: glaciology

text: climate change

text: radar remote sensing

text: ice sheet numerical modeling

text: , radar interferometry,

text: radio echo sounding

text: , and ice-ocean interactions. His research group focuses on understanding the interactions of ice and climate, ice sheet

text: mass balance

text: , ice-ocean interactions in Greenland and Antarctica, and current/future contributions of

text: ice sheets

text: to

text: sea level change

text: The sense of smell is less-developed in the catarrhine primates, and nonexistent in cetaceans, which compensate with a well-developed sense of taste. In some strepsirrhines, such as the red-bellied lemur, scent glands occur atop the head. In many species, olfaction is highly tuned to pheromones; a male silkworm moth, for example, can sense a single molecule of bombykol.

text: The sense of smell is less-developed in the

text: catarrhine

text: primate

text: s, and nonexistent in

text: cetacea

text: ns, which compensate with a well-developed sense of

text: taste

text: . In some

text: strepsirrhines

text: , such as the

text: red-bellied lemur

text: , scent glands occur atop the head. In many species, olfaction is highly tuned to

text: pheromone

text: s; a male

text: silkworm

text: moth, for example, can sense a single molecule of

text: bombykol

text: Gideon Kibblewhite reviewed I, Strahd: The Memoirs of a Vampire for Arcane magazine, rating it a 8 out of 10 overall. He comments: "Brooding and eerie, punctuated by dreamlike bursts of violence, I Strand is a full-bodied tale of unrequited love and insanity." He stated that "The story, at first simmering with menace, boils over into a surreal blood-bath as we follow him into the shadows." Kibblewhite continues: "The memoirs of a vampire... it's not a new idea, but this one is done so well. It allows us to fly with him and the bats, to run with the wolves, and to sleep in the tomb. Obviously at home with her subject, Elrod describes, with an uncanny touch for time and place, the ecstasy and horror of an eternal half-life." He adds: "And in Strand she has created a compelling figure. Intimately painted are his dusty sense of humour, his remote sense of honour, and his castle. He is as poisonous as the fog bordering his lands."  Kibblewhite concludes his review by considering the novel "Beautifully written, dark, and tragic; and thoroughly recommended to vampire hunters everywhere."

text: According to the American Optometric Association there are approximately from 3 to 9 million people with binocular vision problems. If an individual lacks binocular vision, then a 3D perspective is impossible and simply unachievable. Watching shows and/or movies in 3D can help to point out those problems earlier, working as a screening check and noticing the lack of binocular vision so that a proper treatment can be applied. These problems may also reflect upon a fundamental vision-related problem not entirely linked to binocular vision issues.Symptoms sign that an eye condition is present, which may be:

text: Rulemaking is one of the basic impulses humans have for organizing and simplifying actions. Everyday there are new rules put into place, as well as old rules that are more structured whether it be for a group or an individual. Yet, not only do humans make rules, they strive on finding the rules that come eye to eye about how the world works. These rules, once accepted by an individual or a group after trial and error, then become a norm.

text: A vision disorder is an impairment of the sense of vision.

text: A vision disorder is an impairment of the sense of

text: vision

text: Visions.  An outpouring of this gift is prophesied in Joel 2: 28, and Acts 2:17 shows that early Christians believed this prophecy was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost.   Visions tend to be more private experiences than the other gifts. Some researchers expand the definition of visions to include a strongly felt presence.

text: Although some scientific research is applied research into specific problems, a great deal of our understanding comes from the curiosity-driven undertaking of basic research. This leads to options for technological advance that were not planned or sometimes even imaginable. This point was made by Michael Faraday when allegedly in response to the question "what is the use of basic research?" he responded: "Sir, what is the use of a new-born child?". For example, research into the effects of red light on the human eye's rod cells did not seem to have any practical purpose; eventually, the discovery that our night vision is not troubled by red light would lead search and rescue teams (among others) to adopt red light in the cockpits of jets and helicopters.In a nutshell, basic research is the search for knowledge and applied research is the search for solutions to practical problems using this knowledge. Finally, even basic research can take unexpected turns, and there is some sense in which the scientific method is built to harness luck.

text: Although some scientific research is

text: applied research

text: into specific problems, a great deal of our understanding comes from the curiosity-driven undertaking of

text: basic research

text: . This leads to options for technological advance that were not planned or sometimes even imaginable. This point was made by Michael Faraday when allegedly in response to the question "what is the use of basic research?" he responded: "Sir, what is the use of a new-born child?". For example, research into the effects of red light on the human eye's

text: rod cells

text: did not seem to have any practical purpose; eventually, the discovery that our

text: night vision

text: is not troubled by red light would lead

text: search and rescue

text: teams (among others) to adopt red light in the cockpits of jets and helicopters.In a nutshell, basic research is the search for knowledge and applied research is the search for solutions to practical problems using this knowledge. Finally, even basic research can take unexpected turns, and there is some sense in which the scientific method is built to

text: harness luck

text: To give a hint how all this works, consider two examples of the distinct senses that exist for the (written) word "bass":

text: To give a hint how all this works, consider two examples of the distinct senses that exist for the (written) word "

text: bass

text: Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind as they do not have a pair of eyes. However, some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes which they use for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight. The alates have eyes along with lateral ocelli. Lateral ocelli, however, are not found in all termites. Like other insects, termites have a small tongue-shaped labrum and a clypeus; the clypeus is divided into a postclypeus and anteclypeus. Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles. The maxillae and labium have palps that help termites sense food and handling.

text: Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind as they do not have a pair of eyes. However, some species, such as

text: Hodotermes mossambicus

text: , have

text: compound eyes

text: which they use for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight. The

text: alate

text: s have eyes along with lateral

text: ocelli

text: . Lateral ocelli, however, are not found in all termites. Like other insects, termites have a small tongue-shaped

text: labrum

text: and a

text: clypeus

text: ; the clypeus is divided into a postclypeus and anteclypeus. Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a

text: scape

text: , a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a

text: maxillae

text: , a labium, and a set of

text: mandibles

text: . The maxillae and labium have

text: palps

text: that help termites sense food and handling.

text: Vestibular hyperacusis is a mix-up between the brain's maintenance of upright balance and the sense of hearing.  Instead of perceiving sounds as intolerable, the brain perceives them as movement sensations, disturbance to postural balance and/or visual focus (fixation). It is different from cochlear hyperacusis in that many people with vestibular hyperacusis can handle normal sounds just fine, but certain pitches and sounds that have higher than 85 decibels may trigger these sensations.  People who have vestibular hyperacusis rarely have tinnitus co-morbidly, while as many as 86% of all CH sufferers have tinnitus.

text: Touch (also known as Touch Football or Touch Rugby) is a variant of rugby football that is organised by the Federation International Touch (FIT).

text: Touch (also known as Touch Football or Touch Rugby) is a variant of

text: rugby football

text: that is organised by the Federation International Touch (FIT).

text: It has been suggested that taste and smell receptors are controlled  by TAS2R38, with  a small intron gene of about 1000 nucleotides. It is a member of the family of G protein-coupled or 7 transmembrane cross receptors. The binding of a ligand to the extracellular region of the receptor sets an action potential that sends an impulse to the sensory cortex of the brain, where it is interpreted as a bitter taste.

text: It has been suggested that taste and smell receptors are controlled  by

text: , with  a small intron gene of about 1000 nucleotides. It is a member of the family of G protein-coupled or 7 transmembrane cross

text: receptor

text: s. The binding of a ligand to the extracellular region of the receptor sets an action potential that sends an impulse to the sensory cortex of the brain, where it is interpreted as a bitter taste.

text: Ecology in the narrow sense refers to the biological science of ecology. However, ecological paradigms and principles are being developed and applied in almost all disciplines, and these paradigms have to do with the way we approach understanding the relationships and inter-connections within and between living beings which give to each its special place and identity. Human ecology, e.g., must certainly take account of the role of our subjective lives and spiritual needs, as well as our biological ones, in terms of their ecological effects. Ecology in this sense is not a reductionist undertaking, but a movement toward a more whole (or holistic) vision and understanding of world processes. Deep ecology seeks to look into all levels of existence and might be viewed as radical by some; for them a more anthropocentric view is appropriated because it put humans at the center. Learning how to live in harmony with our surroundings is beneficial because stopping the global extinction crisis and achieving true ecological sustainability will require rethinking our values as a society. In that way education seems to be the best way to start. Sustainability education aims to help learners understand their interconnectedness with all life, to become creative problem solvers and active citizens, and to engage personally and intellectually in shaping our common future. Experiential learning and critical pedagogy are central to providing opportunities for learners to engage in transformative sustainability learning. The “Environment” broadly defined, remains somewhat neglected within development studies, despite a substantial increase in contributions to the field over the fifteen years since 2000. Undergraduate and postgraduate courses (with some notable exceptions) often “add on” environmental issues as special lectures or modules, and there remains a tendency for those who are grounded in the material and discursive struggles that define the discipline to consider the environment as an exotic special interest, a problem that manifests itself in societies that have the leisure to care about the natural world. Development of a modern education model promoting patriotism and civic responsibility, active social position and healthy lifestyle is closely linked to the development of environmental responsibility in the younger generation. Development of environmentally responsible personality in individual is of particular importance for graduates of educational institutions. Environmental education could be integrated in different curriculum in most fields: education for sustainable development in the context of ecopedagogy.

text: Using a modified version of The Machine To Be Another system, Gender Swap allows a user to feel as though they are inhabiting the body of someone with a different gender from their own. The piece focuses on the interaction between the sense of touch and vision. Two users of different genders wear Oculus Rift headsets which transmit the view from the each other's perspective. The users synchronize their movements and run their hands along their bodies. By associating the visuals from each other's point of view with the sensation of being touched, the users are supposed to have the sensation of inhabiting each other's bodies. In April 2014, the project won a Learning, Sciences and Humanities award from Laval Virtual, an annual event focusing on virtual reality projects. It was also awarded an honorary mention at Ars Electronica. Because of the project's success, BeAnotherLab started a research collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in January 2015. In this collaboration they hope to further upgrade the hardware and software which comprise the Machine To Be Another, as well as to explore new social applications for the system.

text: Using a modified version of The Machine To Be Another system, Gender Swap allows a user to feel as though they are inhabiting the body of someone with a different

text: gender

text: from their own. The piece focuses on the interaction between the sense of

text: touch

text: and

text: vision

text: . Two users of different genders wear Oculus Rift headsets which transmit the view from the each other's perspective. The users synchronize their movements and run their hands along their bodies. By associating the visuals from each other's point of view with the sensation of being touched, the users are supposed to have the sensation of inhabiting each other's bodies. In April 2014, the project won a Learning, Sciences and Humanities award from Laval Virtual, an annual event focusing on virtual reality projects. It was also awarded an honorary mention at

text: Ars Electronica

text: . Because of the project's success, BeAnotherLab started a research collaboration with

text: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

text: (MIT) in January 2015. In this collaboration they hope to further upgrade the hardware and software which comprise the Machine To Be Another, as well as to explore new social applications for the system.

text: A single-stranded genome that contains both positive-sense and negative-sense is said to be ambisense.Bunyaviruses have 3 single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments containing both positive-sense and negative-sense sections; arenaviruses are also ssRNA viruses with an ambisense genome, as they have 2 fragments that are mainly negative-sense except for part of the 5' ends of the large and small segments of their genome.

text: A single-stranded genome that contains both positive-sense and negative-sense is said to be ambisense.

text: Bunyaviruses

text: have 3 single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments containing both positive-sense and negative-sense sections;

text: arenavirus

text: es are also ssRNA viruses with an ambisense genome, as they have 2 fragments that are mainly negative-sense except for part of the 5' ends of the large and small segments of their genome.

text: The term social order can be used in two senses. In the first sense, it refers to a particular set or system of linked social structures, institutions, relations, customs, values and practices, which conserve, maintain and enforce certain patterns of relating and behaving. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social order. In the second sense, social order is contrasted to social chaos or disorder, and refers to a stable state of society in which the existing social order is accepted and maintained by its members. The problem of order or Hobbesian problem, which is central to much of sociology, political science and political philosophy, is the question how and why it is that social orders exist at all.

text: The term social order can be used in two senses. In the first sense, it refers to a particular set or system of linked

text: social structure

text: s,

text: institution

text: s, relations, customs, values and practices, which conserve, maintain and enforce certain patterns of relating and behaving. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social order. In the second sense, social order is contrasted to social chaos or disorder, and refers to a stable state of society in which the existing social order is accepted and maintained by its members. The problem of order or

text: Hobbesian problem

text: , which is central to much of

text: sociology

text: political science

text: and

text: political philosophy

text: , is the question how and why it is that social orders exist at all.

text: Dorothea Sophie was blonde, with blue eyes and tall. She was also known for being arrogant, ambitious, authoritarian and without sense of humour.

text: Although starfish do not have many well-defined sense organs, they are sensitive to touch, light, temperature, orientation and the status of the water around them. The tube feet, spines and pedicellariae are sensitive to touch. The tube feet, especially those at the tips of the rays, are also sensitive to chemicals, enabling the starfish to detect odour sources such as food. There are eyespots at the ends of the arms, each one made of 80–200 simple ocelli. These are composed of pigmented epithelial cells that respond to light and are covered by a thick, transparent cuticle that both protects the ocelli and acts to focus light. Many starfish also possess individual photoreceptor cells in other parts of their bodies and respond to light even when their eyespots are covered. Whether they advance or retreat depends on the species.

text: Although starfish do not have many well-defined sense organs, they are sensitive to touch, light, temperature, orientation and the status of the water around them. The tube feet, spines and pedicellariae are sensitive to touch. The tube feet, especially those at the tips of the rays, are also sensitive to chemicals, enabling the starfish to detect odour sources such as food. There are eyespots at the ends of the arms, each one made of 80–200 simple

text: ocelli

text: . These are composed of

text: pigment

text: ed epithelial cells that respond to light and are covered by a thick, transparent cuticle that both protects the ocelli and acts to focus light. Many starfish also possess individual

text: photoreceptor cells

text: in other parts of their bodies and respond to light even when their eyespots are covered. Whether they advance or retreat depends on the species.

text: John C. Snider, reviewing for SciFiDimensions, writes, "It's not just that these two parties don't see eye-to-eye—it's that their cultures are so alien to one another they don't know how to see eye-to-eye. The story of Salt is told, Rashomon-like, through dueling oral histories. ... The reader is forced to interpret these opposing viewpoints, to piece together the 'real' truth if he or she can. And like 'real' life, the reader will find that there are no easy answers and no neat endings."

text: John C. Snider, reviewing for

text: SciFiDimensions

text: , writes, "It's not just that these two parties don't see eye-to-eye—it's that their cultures are so alien to one another they don't know how to see eye-to-eye. The story of Salt is told,

text: Rashomon

text: -like, through dueling oral histories. ... The reader is forced to interpret these opposing viewpoints, to piece together the 'real' truth if he or she can. And like 'real' life, the reader will find that there are no easy answers and no neat endings."

text: In Man of Steel, Superman's powers are explained to be the result of Krypton's atmosphere and gravity being much more severe than Earth's, resulting in Kryptonians being naturally much stronger than humans while on a planet like Earth. It is also explained that Kryptonians can absorb the radiation of stars like "our" Sun, but were unable to absorb the radiaton of their planet's star due to it being older and of a different nature. In this version Superman displays enormous strength, durability and speed but his feats are more Herculean in nature and he has to put effort into lifting oil rigs, flying and battling other Kryptonians, similar to the John Byrne reboot. Throughout his life Clark learned to control his super-senses and heat vision, which had caused him trouble in his childhood. As in some comics, he is depicted as being more powerful than Zod and other Kryptonians due to his lifetime of exposure to Earth's yellow sun, which allowed him to absorb and metabolize its radiation in greater amounts and with more efficiency. This gave him an advantage and victory over them despite their superior fighting skills and quickly adapting to their newfound abilities. Superman was also able to utilize microscopic vision when he used said vision to lock on to the Kryptonian warship hovering over Earth while in Smallville. The only powers not featured in the film are freeze breath and super-breath.

text: In

text: Man of Steel

text: A feminist IR involves looking at how international politics affects and is affected by both men and women and also at how the core concepts that are employed within the discipline of IR (e.g. war, security, etc.) are themselves gendered. Feminist IR has not only concerned itself with the traditional focus of IR on states, wars, diplomacy and security, but feminist IR scholars have also emphasized the importance of looking at how gender shapes the current global political economy. In this sense, there is no clear cut division between feminists working in IR and those working in the area of International Political Economy (IPE).

text: A feminist IR involves looking at how international politics affects and is affected by both men and women and also at how the core concepts that are employed within the discipline of IR (e.g.

text: war

text: security

text: , etc.) are themselves gendered. Feminist IR has not only concerned itself with the traditional focus of IR on

text: states

text: , wars,

text: diplomacy

text: and security, but feminist IR scholars have also emphasized the importance of looking at how gender shapes the current global political

text: economy

text: . In this sense, there is no clear cut division between feminists working in IR and those working in the area of

text: International Political Economy

text: (IPE).

text: A variety of methods were used to administer the shocks. A common method, chosen to maximize pain and distress, was to use electrodes fixed to particularly sensitive parts of the victim's body for the duration of the torture session. In another method, a wire is fixed to the victim and a wire with a bare end or an electrode with a wooden insulating handle is moved around to touch different sensitive parts of the body in turn, so as to cause a current to flow through the body between the two electrodes. For a male, the fixed wire was wrapped around his penis head or was replaced by a conducting wire mesh bag that fit snugly over the penis and testicles. They would also insert a thin metal rod into his urethra. For a female, it was attached to an electrode – either a short metal rod or, for better electrical contact, a moistened steel wool pan scrub - and this electrode was inserted into her vagina. Other methods include metal clamps attached to the nipples, labia and clitoris of the women. The clamps would be plugged into an electrical unit and the voltage increased over time. The torturer then touches the second electrode to different places on the body, such as the feet, legs, torso, neck, mouth, nipples, penis head, breasts and clitoris. This caused excruciating pain, at both the place where the second electrode touched the body and in the penis or vagina of the victim.  Damage was often caused where the movable electrode was applied close to the point where the fixed electrode had been placed. It also caused intense pain and violent muscle contractions. Typically the person being tortured was kept blindfolded to add to the sense of helplessness as it was impossible to predict where and when the moving electrode would next be touched to the body. This type of torture would continue for long periods of time, often over days and weeks.

text: A variety of methods were used to administer the shocks. A common method, chosen to maximize pain and distress, was to use electrodes fixed to particularly sensitive parts of the victim's body for the duration of the torture session. In another method, a wire is fixed to the victim and a wire with a bare end or an electrode with a wooden insulating handle is moved around to touch different sensitive parts of the body in turn, so as to cause a current to flow through the body between the two electrodes. For a male, the fixed wire was wrapped around his penis head or was replaced by a conducting wire mesh bag that fit snugly over the penis and testicles. They would also insert a thin metal rod into his urethra. For a female, it was attached to an electrode – either a short metal rod or, for better electrical contact, a moistened

text: steel wool

text: pan scrub - and this electrode was inserted into her vagina. Other methods include metal clamps attached to the nipples, labia and clitoris of the women. The clamps would be plugged into an electrical unit and the voltage increased over time. The torturer then touches the second electrode to different places on the body, such as the feet, legs, torso, neck, mouth, nipples, penis head, breasts and clitoris. This caused excruciating pain, at both the place where the second electrode touched the body and in the penis or vagina of the victim.  Damage was often caused where the movable electrode was applied close to the point where the fixed electrode had been placed. It also caused intense pain and violent

text: muscle contraction

text: s. Typically the person being tortured was kept blindfolded to add to the sense of helplessness as it was impossible to predict where and when the moving electrode would next be touched to the body. This type of torture would continue for long periods of time, often over days and weeks.

text: Unfortunately, producing an entirely new product from scratch is never without initial problems, and the Vision suffered from a few. An off-idle carburetion quirk, known as the "Vision stumble", meant the first year machines were prone to initial stuttering on part and full-throttle takeoff. The "Vision stumble" problem, after months of research, was finally solved by racer Marc Salvisberg, who later started Factory Pro Tuning. The problem, it seemed, wasn't a Yamaha development problem at all, but was actually a lean spot, just off idle, caused by what appeared to be residual casting sand that filled the off-idle bleed holes at the throttle butterfly plate in the Weber-style Mikuni carb. That information was immediately relayed to Yamaha U.S., where it was relayed to Japan and verified. The 1983 models carbureted essentially flawlessly. (This claim of a "solution" is disputed by experienced XZ550 forum contributors as a myth - the likelihood that residual casting sand consistently affected the performance of all the 1982 models is highly improbable. Meanwhile, other riders have successfully overcome the "Vision stumble" in their 1982 models without changing carburettors.)

text: The dog's senses include vision, hearing, sense of smell, sense of taste, touch and sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field. Another study suggested that dogs can see the earth's magnetic field.

text: Robot sensing  Museum visitors could interact with four robot sensing modalities: vision, hearing, touch, and sonar.  Vision: after arranging a set of simple shapes on a board, a vision system attempted to recognize them using edge detection.  Hearing: this was exemplified by a speech recognition system.  Touch: visitors touch a pressure-sensitive pad that outputs the distribution of pressure under their figures onto a display.  Sonar: a ceiling-mounted sensor measured a visitor's height by bouncing a signal off the top of the head.

text: It is possible to see the artist's hand at work on the plates, which brings a sense of immediacy to the viewer, and reaches across the centuries, putting the viewer in touch with the artist. One is struck by the small size of some of the plates, especially if one is familiar with his images, which are often re-printed monumentally. The Museum itself features a few life-size cut-outs of some of his famous personages. It is a mark of the true excellence of his work that these small images, originally intended for newspaper or broadside publication, do not suffer by being blown up in size.

text: If rainwater is used for drinking, it is often filtered first. Filtration (such as reverse osmosis, ultraviolet sterilization, or ultrafiltration) may remove pathogens. While rain water is pure it may become contaminated during collection or by collection of particulate matter in the air as it falls. While rain water does not contain chlorine, contamination from airborne pollutants, which settles onto rooftops, may be a risk in urban or industrial areas. Many water suppliers and health authorities, such as the New South Wales Department of Health, do not advise using rainwater for drinking when there is an alternative mains water supply available. However, reports of illness associated with rainwater tanks are relatively infrequent, and public health studies in South Australia (the Australian state with the highest rainwater usage rate) have not identified a correlation. Rainwater is generally considered fit to drink if it smells, tastes and looks fine; However some pathogens, chemical contamination and sub-micrometre suspended metal may produce neither smell, taste and not be visible.

text: If rainwater is used for drinking, it is often filtered first. Filtration (such as

text: reverse osmosis

text: , ultraviolet sterilization, or

text: ultrafiltration

text: ) may remove pathogens. While rain water is pure it may become contaminated during collection or by collection of particulate matter in the air as it falls. While rain water does not contain

text: chlorine

text: , contamination from

text: airborne pollutants

text: , which settles onto rooftops, may be a risk in urban or industrial areas. Many water suppliers and health authorities, such as the

text: New South Wales Department of Health

text: , do not advise using rainwater for drinking when there is an alternative mains water supply available. However, reports of illness associated with rainwater tanks are relatively infrequent, and public health studies in

text: South Australia

text: (the Australian state with the highest rainwater usage rate) have not identified a correlation. Rainwater is generally considered fit to drink if it smells, tastes and looks fine; However some pathogens, chemical contamination and sub-micrometre suspended metal may produce neither smell, taste and not be visible.

text: The human eye can function from very dark to very bright levels of light; its sensing capabilities reach across nine orders of magnitude. This means that the brightest and the darkest light signal that the eye can sense are a factor of roughly 1,000,000,000 apart. However, in any given moment of time, the eye can only sense a contrast ratio of one thousand. What enables the wider reach is that the eye adapts its definition of what is black.

text: The human eye can function from very dark to very bright levels of light; its sensing capabilities reach across nine

text: orders of magnitude

text: . This means that the brightest and the darkest light signal that the eye can sense are a factor of roughly 1,000,000,000 apart. However, in any given moment of time, the eye can only sense a

text: contrast

text: ratio of one thousand. What enables the wider reach is that the eye adapts its definition of what is black.

text: When the function and mechanisms of hair cells are more fully understood, there are two applications that it could have. These involve both basic research in other fields and clinical applications in the field of hair cells. The mechanism of the hair cell might contribute to the understanding other mechanosensory systems such as the sense of touch. In the field of touch, the ion channel is that is activated is also currently unknown, and it is likely that there are several different ion channels. Eventually, it is hoped that this research can help individuals with hearing impairments. For example, if somebody subjects their ears to extremely loud sounds, then they may experience hearing loss. This is probably a result of the tip links being broken. Normally the tip links grow back in about half a day, but for some people they are more fragile, making those individuals more susceptible to hearing loss. If the cause of this susceptibility could be determined, and if tip link are repair could be understood, then a drug could be developed that would help the tip links grow back more readily. Generally, many people lose hearing in their old age, especially high frequency hearing. This is caused by hair cell death, so it is hoped that techniques can be developed, such as by using stem cells or other genetic manipulations, to encourage the inner ear to regenerate its hair cells and restore hearing.

text: In computational linguistics the Yarowsky algorithm is an unsupervised learning algorithm for word sense disambiguation that uses the "one sense per collocation" and the "one sense per discourse" properties of human languages for word sense disambiguation. From observation, words tend to exhibit only one sense in most given discourse and in a given collocation.

text: In

text: computational linguistics

text: the Yarowsky algorithm is an

text: unsupervised learning

text: algorithm

text: for

text: word sense disambiguation

text: that uses the "one sense per

text: collocation

text: " and the "one sense per discourse" properties of

text: human languages

text: for word sense disambiguation. From observation, words tend to exhibit only one sense in most given discourse and in a given collocation.

text: Haptic display: These displays provide sense of touch to the user (haptic technology). This type of output is sometimes referred to as force feedback.

text: Haptic display: These displays provide sense of touch to the user (

text: haptic technology

text: ). This type of output is sometimes referred to as force feedback.

text: The Howe Caverns is a cave in Howes Cave, Schoharie County, New York. Howe Caverns is a popular tourist attraction, providing cave-goers with a sense of caving or spelunking, without needing the advanced equipment and training usually associated with such adventures.

text: The Howe Caverns is a

text: cave

text: in Howes Cave,

text: Schoharie County, New York

text: . Howe Caverns is a popular

text: tourist attraction

text: , providing cave-goers with a sense of

text: caving

text: or spelunking, without needing the advanced equipment and training usually associated with such adventures.

text: Other patients lose their sense of smell (anosmia).

text: Other patients lose their sense of smell (

text: anosmia

text: Although it is hard to test the hearing of sharks, they may have a sharp sense of hearing and can possibly hear prey from many miles away. A small opening on each side of their heads (not the spiracle) leads directly into the inner ear through a thin channel. The lateral line shows a similar arrangement, and is open to the environment via a series of openings called lateral line pores. This is a reminder of the common origin of these two vibration- and sound-detecting organs that are grouped together as the acoustico-lateralis system. In bony fish and tetrapods the external opening into the inner ear has been lost.

text: Although it is hard to test the hearing of sharks, they may have a sharp

text: sense of hearing

text: and can possibly hear prey from many miles away. A small opening on each side of their heads (not the

text: spiracle

text: ) leads directly into the

text: inner ear

text: through a thin channel. The

text: lateral line

text: shows a similar arrangement, and is open to the environment via a series of openings called lateral line

text: pores

text: . This is a reminder of the common origin of these two vibration- and sound-detecting organs that are grouped together as the acoustico-lateralis system. In bony fish and

text: tetrapod

text: s the external opening into the inner ear has been lost.

text: Taste is a form of chemoreception that takes place in the specialised taste receptors, contained in structures called taste buds in the mouth. Taste buds are mainly on the upper surface (dorsum) of the tongue. The function of taste perception is vital to help prevent harmful or rotten foods from being consumed. There are also taste buds on the epiglottis and upper part of the esophagus. The taste buds are innervated by a branch of the facial nerve the chorda tympani, and the glossopharyngeal nerve. Taste messages are sent via these cranial nerves to the brain. The brain can distinguish between the chemical qualities of the food. The five basic tastes are referred to as those of saltiness, sourness, bitterness, sweetness, and  umami. The detection of saltiness and sourness enables the control of salt and acid balance. The detection of bitterness warns of poisons – many of a plant's defences are of poisonous compounds that are bitter.  Sweetness guides to those foods that will supply energy; the initial breakdown of the energy-giving carbohydrates by salivary amylase creates the taste of sweetness since simple sugars are the first result. The taste of umami is thought to signal protein-rich food. Sour tastes are acidic which is often found in bad food. The brain has to decide very quickly whether the food should be eaten or not. It was the findings in 1991, describing the first olfactory receptors that helped to prompt the research into taste. The olfactory receptors are located on cell surfaces in the nose which bind to chemicals enabling the detection of smells. It is assumed that signals from taste receptors work together with those from the nose, to form an idea of complex food flavours.

text: Taste

text: is a form of

text: chemoreception

text: that takes place in the specialised

text: taste receptor

text: s, contained in structures called

text: taste buds

text: in the mouth. Taste buds are mainly on the upper surface (dorsum) of the tongue. The function of taste perception is vital to help prevent harmful or rotten foods from being consumed. There are also taste buds on the

text: epiglottis

text: and upper part of the

text: esophagus

text: . The taste buds are innervated by a branch of the facial nerve the

text: chorda tympani

text: , and the

text: glossopharyngeal nerve

text: . Taste messages are sent via these

text: cranial nerves

text: to the

text: brain

text: . The brain can distinguish between the chemical qualities of the food. The five

text: basic tastes

text: are referred to as those of

text: saltiness

text: sourness

text: bitterness

text: sweetness

text: , and

text: umami

text: . The detection of saltiness and sourness enables the control of salt and acid balance. The detection of bitterness warns of poisons – many of a plant's defences are of poisonous compounds that are bitter.  Sweetness guides to those foods that will supply energy; the initial breakdown of the energy-giving carbohydrates by salivary amylase creates the taste of sweetness since simple sugars are the first result. The taste of umami is thought to signal protein-rich food. Sour tastes are acidic which is often found in bad food. The brain has to decide very quickly whether the food should be eaten or not. It was the findings in 1991, describing the first

text: olfactory

text: receptors that helped to prompt the research into taste. The olfactory receptors are located on cell surfaces in the

text: nose

text: which bind to chemicals enabling the detection of smells. It is assumed that signals from taste receptors work together with those from the nose, to form an idea of complex food flavours.

text: The EVO has a balanced hardware-software user interface, featuring seven hardware/touch sensitive buttons, four of which are on the front of the device. Input and interaction with the device is balanced between the hardware and software user interface and in most situations require users to use hardware/touch sensitive buttons often throughout Android OS. Like most Gingerbread era Android devices, the EVO features four main touch-sensitive buttons on the front — Home, Menu, Back, and Search. The Home button returns to the Sense Home screen. The Menu button shows menu options in various applications although it can also be used for other purposes, the Back button is used to return to the prior page or screen displayed, and the Search button mainly allows searching through the phone but can be used for other purposes in various applications. Unlike iPhones, the device does not feature a hardware ringer switch.  The volume adjustment control is located on the left spine. A multifunction sleep/wake button is located on the top of the device, which serves as the unit's power and sleep button and also controls phone calls. The touchscreen furnishes the remainder of the user interface.

text: The EVO has a balanced hardware-software user interface, featuring seven hardware/touch sensitive buttons, four of which are on the front of the device. Input and interaction with the device is balanced between the hardware and software user interface and in most situations require users to use hardware/touch sensitive buttons often throughout Android OS. Like most Gingerbread era Android devices, the EVO features four main touch-sensitive buttons on the front — Home, Menu, Back, and Search. The Home button returns to the Sense Home screen. The Menu button shows menu options in various applications although it can also be used for other purposes, the Back button is used to return to the prior page or screen displayed, and the Search button mainly allows searching through the phone but can be used for other purposes in various applications. Unlike iPhones, the device does not feature a hardware ringer switch.  The volume adjustment control is located on the left spine. A multifunction sleep/wake button is located on the top of the device, which serves as the unit's power and sleep button and also controls phone calls. The touchscreen furnishes the remainder of the

text: user interface

text: Wolverine's senses of sight, smell, and hearing are all superhumanly acute. He can see with perfect clarity at greater distances than an ordinary human, even in near-total darkness. His hearing is enhanced in a similar manner, allowing him to both hear sounds ordinary humans cannot and also hear to greater distances. Wolverine is able to use his sense of smell to track targets by scent, even if the scent has been eroded somewhat over time by natural factors. This sense also allows him to identify shapeshifting mutants despite other forms they may take. He is also able to use his senses of smell and hearing, through concentration, as a type of natural lie detector, such as detecting a faint change in a person's heartbeat and scent due to perspiration when a lie is told.

text: Wolverine's senses of sight, smell, and hearing are all superhumanly acute. He can see with perfect clarity at greater distances than an ordinary human, even in near-total darkness. His hearing is enhanced in a similar manner, allowing him to both hear sounds ordinary humans cannot and also hear to greater distances. Wolverine is able to use his sense of smell to track targets by scent, even if the scent has been eroded somewhat over time by natural factors. This sense also allows him to identify

entity_name: List of superhuman features and abilities in fiction

text: shapeshifting

text: mutants despite other forms they may take. He is also able to use his senses of smell and hearing, through concentration, as a type of natural

text: lie detector

text: , such as detecting a faint change in a person's heartbeat and scent due to perspiration when a lie is told.

text: While the spiritual implications Harding drew from the experiments are deeply traditional, the exercises themselves may be said to constitute a new category of spiritual experience, which he sometimes summed up as “meditation for the marketplace”. They expand and ground in sense experience numerous references – to vision for example – found scattered throughout spiritual literature and so often understood only symbolically or metaphorically. But all this amounted to only half the story and he never failed to stress that, while Who or What one really is may be easy to see, learning to trust and live consciously in the light of that reality is an immensely demanding and lifelong challenge.

text: While the spiritual implications Harding drew from the experiments are deeply traditional, the exercises themselves may be said to constitute a new category of spiritual experience, which he sometimes summed up as “meditation for the marketplace”. They expand and ground in

text: sense experience

text: numerous references – to vision for example – found scattered throughout spiritual literature and so often understood only symbolically or metaphorically. But all this amounted to only half the story and he never failed to stress that, while Who or What one really is may be easy to see, learning to trust and live consciously in the light of that reality is an immensely demanding and lifelong challenge.

text: TouchFLO 3D is a graphical user interface designed by HTC. It is used in the HTC Touch Family of Pocket PCs and was preceded by TouchFLO. TouchFLO 3D has been ported to Windows Mobile and Android, and is used in the HTC Touch Diamond, HTC Touch Pro, HTC Touch HD, HTC MAX 4G, HTC Touch Diamond2 and HTC Touch Pro2. The HTC Touch Viva, HTC Touch 3G and HTC Touch2 have a simpler version entitled TouchFLO 2D, where they have the same scrolling tab on the bottom of the screen, however they do not have any 3D visual effects. From the HTC Hero and HTC HD2 onwards, TouchFLO 3D has been heavily extended and is now being referred to, along with other usability improvements, as HTC Sense. The HTC Touch2 runs a version of TouchFLO 2D that is similar in style to HTC Sense.

text: TouchFLO 3D is a

text: graphical user interface

text: designed by

text: HTC

text: . It is used in the

text: HTC Touch Family

text: of

text: Pocket PC

text: s and was preceded by

text: TouchFLO

text: . TouchFLO 3D has been ported to

text: Windows Mobile

text: and

text: Android

text: , and is used in the

text: HTC Touch Diamond

text: HTC Touch Pro

text: HTC Touch HD

text: HTC MAX 4G

text: HTC Touch Diamond2

text: and

text: HTC Touch Pro2

text: . The

text: HTC Touch Viva

text: HTC Touch 3G

text: and

text: HTC Touch2

text: have a simpler version entitled TouchFLO 2D, where they have the same scrolling tab on the bottom of the screen, however they do not have any 3D visual effects. From the

text: HTC Hero

text: and

text: HTC HD2

text: onwards, TouchFLO 3D has been heavily extended and is now being referred to, along with other usability improvements, as

text: HTC Sense

text: . The

text: HTC Touch2

text: runs a version of TouchFLO 2D that is similar in style to

text: HTC Sense

text: Md Tokon’s lively and vivacious recent abstractions are predicated on color, dark, light and space. He creates a visual and emotional environment ripe with gesture, layer, raw energy and improvisation. Tokon's is a new world where color feeds other colors and is tempered by a deeply considered meditation on the nature of art. His work has relation with Bob Dylan & Rabindranath Tagore Lyrics, which is simple, pure and organic. Tokon is in love with color and in love with the cities in which he grew up. His paintings mimic the style of the dry river & soil house walls of his childhood home. He developed a significant body of work, influenced by his extensive travels, that is often poetic, meditative and pleasing to the eye. His paintings trap the light within their layers, building up surfaces that are at once opaque and luminescent. The result is highly emotional, spiritual and energetic. It has become clear with the passage of time how Tokon's work reflects life's changes; and strike eternal chords; and how powerfully they connect to the viewer.

text: Md Tokon’s lively and vivacious recent abstractions are predicated on color, dark, light and space. He creates a visual and emotional environment ripe with gesture, layer, raw energy and improvisation. Tokon's is a new world where color feeds other colors and is tempered by a deeply considered meditation on the nature of art. His work has relation with

text: Bob Dylan

text: Rabindranath Tagore

text: Lyrics, which is simple, pure and organic. Tokon is in love with color and in love with the cities in which he grew up. His paintings mimic the style of the dry river & soil house walls of his childhood home. He developed a significant body of work, influenced by his extensive travels, that is often poetic, meditative and pleasing to the eye. His paintings trap the light within their layers, building up surfaces that are at once opaque and luminescent. The result is highly emotional, spiritual and energetic. It has become clear with the passage of time how Tokon's work reflects life's changes; and strike eternal chords; and how powerfully they connect to the viewer.

text: Touch in this context refers to the perception of detailed, localized tactile information, such as two-point discrimination (the difference between touching one point and two closely spaced points) or the difference between coarse, medium or fine sandpaper. People without touch-position perception can feel the surface of their bodies and perceive touch in a broad sense, but they lack perceptual detail.

text: Touch in this context refers to the perception of detailed, localized tactile information, such as

text: two-point discrimination

text: (the difference between touching one point and two closely spaced points) or the difference between coarse, medium or fine sandpaper. People without touch-position perception can feel the surface of their bodies and perceive touch in a broad sense, but they lack perceptual detail.

text: The olm is capable of sensing very low concentrations of organic compounds in the water. They are better at sensing both the quantity and quality of prey by smell than related amphibians. The nasal epithelium, located on the inner surface of the nasal cavity and in the Jacobson's organ, is thicker than in other amphibians. The taste buds are in the mucous epithelium of the mouth, most of them on the upper side of the tongue and on the entrance to the gill cavities. Those in the oral cavity are used for tasting food, where those near the gills probably sense chemicals in the surrounding water.

text: The olm is capable of sensing very low concentrations of organic compounds in the water. They are better at sensing both the quantity and quality of prey by smell than related amphibians. The nasal

text: epithelium

text: , located on the inner surface of the nasal cavity and in the

text: Jacobson's organ

text: , is thicker than in other amphibians. The

text: taste buds

text: are in the

text: mucous

text: epithelium of the mouth, most of them on the upper side of the

text: tongue

text: and on the entrance to the gill cavities. Those in the oral cavity are used for tasting food, where those near the gills probably sense chemicals in the surrounding water.

text: Many famous and local acts have performed at The Chance, including:Abominatrix,A Dying Vision,A Static Lullaby,A Wilhelm Scream,Ace Enders of The Early November,Ace Frehley of Kiss,Adema,Agnostic Front,Aiden,Alexisonfire,Alien Ant Farm,All Out War,All That Remains,Allan Holdsworth,American Hi-Fi,Andrew McMahon,Anthrax,As I Lay Dying,Asia,August Burns Red,Avenged Sevenfold,Bad Brains,Baby New Year,The BandBayside,B.B. King,Between The Buried And Me, Big Audio Dynamite II, Big Country,Billy Club Sandwich,Black Veil Brides,Blink-182, Blotto,Blue Murder,Blue Öyster Cult,Bob Dylan,Bon Jovi,Boys Like Girls,Breaking Benjamin,Breath of Silence (featuring 3 different singers),Bruce Dickinson of Iron Maiden,Buckcherry,Bulletboys, Burning Spear,Candiria (full theater - balcony was open),Cannibal Corpse,Cheap Trick,Chevelle,Chick Corea,Chiodos,Chubby Checker,Clutch,Converge,CrackerCrossfade, Darling Demoniac,Darkest Hour,David Bowie,Dead Sara,Dead On Arrival, The Deftones,Dio,Dissolve,Dokken,Don Dokken from Dokken,Dope,Dream Theater,Dropkick Murphys,Dropp'D, Duran Duran,E. Town Concrete,Eighteen Visions,Emerson, Lake & Palmer,Evergreen Terrace,Every Time I Die,Eve 6,Fall Out Boy,Far Beyond Gone,Fates Warning, Fishbone, F.D.S.Flogging Molly,Fuel, Gang Of Four,George Lynch from Dokken,Get Scared,Gizmachi,Goatwhore,God Forbid,Good Charlotte,Greg Allman,Guns N' Roses,GWAR,Gym Class Heroes,Hawthorne Heights,Hellogoodbye,Horse the Band, Iggy Pop,In This Moment, INXS, James Brown,Jack's Mannequin,James Labrie of Dream Theater, Jimmy Cliff, Joe Jackson,Jerry Garcia,Joan JettJoe Perry Project,"Dr. Dirty" John Valby,Jonas Brothers,Johnny Cash and The Carter SistersJudas Priest,Just Surrender,King's X,Kris Kristofferson,Less Than Jake,Lori Lieberman,Lostprophets,Marillion,Matchbook Romance,Meat Loaf,Meets The Sky,Megadeth, Men Without Hats,The Misfits,Modern Day Escape, Modern English,moe.,Moneen,Motograter,Motörhead,Mudvayne,Murphy's Law,Mushroomhead,My Chemical Romance,Name Taken,Neon Trees,New Found Glory, Neurogenesis, Nidus, Ninety 9 Cents,The Offspring,Otep,Ozzy Osbourne,Panic! At the Disco,Paramore,Pat BenatarPat Metheny,Paul Stanley of Kiss,Perfect Thyroid,Peter Criss of Kiss,Peter Frampton,Phish,Powerman 5000,Puddle of Mudd,Queensrÿche,Robbie Dupree, Romeo Void,Saliva,Sam Hill,Savatage,Scary Kids Scaring Kids,See You Next Tuesday,Senses Fail,Shadow Image,Shadows Fall,Shai Hulud,Silverstein,Skid Row,Slayer,Smile Empty Soul,Smoke Or Fire,Social Distortion,Something Corporate,Soul 4 Sale,Static-X,Stephen Lynch,Steve Forbert,Steve Howe,Stone Sour,Story of the Year,Stretch Arm Strong,Stryper,Sum 41,Suicidal Tendencies,Symphony X,Taking Back Sunday,Take One Car,Tesla,The Black Crowes,The Business, The Butthole Surfers,The David Belker Experience,The Devil Wears Prada,The Early November, The English Beat,The Exies, The Fixx, The Jesus & Mary Chain,The Leo Project,The Number Twelve Looks Like You, The Pixies,The RamonesThe Red Chord, The Red Hot Chili Peppers,The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus,The Scaters,The Sleeping,The Starting Line,The Suicide Machines,They Might Be Giants,Third Eye Blind,Three Days Grace,Through the Eyes of the Dead, 'Til Tuesday,Todd Rundgren,Train,Trapt,Trixter,TRUSTcompany,Twisted Sister,U2,Unearth,Unwritten Law,UTD,Utopia,Vampires Everywhere!,Vision of Disorder (downstairs only - balcony was closed),Warren Zevon,Warrior Soul,"Weird Al" Yankovic,White Lion,Winger,Yngwie Malmsteen, Zebra and Ziggy Marley

text: Many famous and local acts have performed at The Chance, including:Abominatrix,A Dying Vision,

text: A Static Lullaby

text: A Wilhelm Scream

text: Ace Enders

text: of

text: The Early November

text: Ace Frehley

text: of

text: Kiss

text: Adema

text: Agnostic Front

text: Aiden

text: Alexisonfire

text: Alien Ant Farm

text: All Out War

text: All That Remains

text: Allan Holdsworth

text: American Hi-Fi

text: Andrew McMahon

text: Anthrax

text: As I Lay Dying

text: Asia

text: August Burns Red

text: Avenged Sevenfold

text: Bad Brains

text: Baby New Year

text: The Band

text: Bayside

text: B.B. King

text: Between The Buried And Me

text: , Big Audio Dynamite II, Big Country,

text: Billy Club Sandwich

text: Black Veil Brides

text: , Blotto,

text: Blue Murder

text: Blue Öyster Cult

text: Bob Dylan

text: Bon Jovi

text: Boys Like Girls

text: Breaking Benjamin

text: ,Breath of Silence (featuring 3 different singers),

text: Bruce Dickinson

text: of

text: Iron Maiden

text: Buckcherry

text: Bulletboys

text: , Burning Spear,

text: Candiria

text: (full theater - balcony was open),

text: Cannibal Corpse

text: Cheap Trick

text: Chevelle

text: Chick Corea

text: Chiodos

text: Chubby Checker

text: Clutch

text: Converge

text: ,Cracker

text: Crossfade

text: , Darling Demoniac,

text: Darkest Hour

text: David Bowie

text: Dead Sara

text: Dead On Arrival

text: , The

text: Deftones

text: Dio

text: ,Dissolve,

text: Dokken

text: Don Dokken

text: from

text: Dokken

text: Dope

text: Dream Theater

text: Dropkick Murphys

text: ,Dropp'D, Duran Duran,

text: E. Town Concrete

text: Eighteen Visions

text: Emerson, Lake & Palmer

text: Evergreen Terrace

text: Every Time I Die

text: Eve 6

text: Fall Out Boy

text: Far Beyond Gone

text: Fates Warning

text: , Fishbone, F.D.S.

text: Flogging Molly

text: Fuel

text: , Gang Of Four,

text: George Lynch

text: from

text: Dokken

text: Get Scared

text: Gizmachi

text: Goatwhore

text: God Forbid

text: Good Charlotte

text: Greg Allman

text: Guns N' Roses

text: GWAR

text: Gym Class Heroes

text: Hawthorne Heights

text: Hellogoodbye

text: Horse the Band

text: , Iggy Pop,

text: In This Moment

text: , INXS, James Brown,

text: Jack's Mannequin

text: James Labrie

text: of

text: Dream Theater

text: , Jimmy Cliff, Joe Jackson,

text: Jerry Garcia

text: Joan Jett

text: Joe Perry Project

text: "Dr. Dirty" John Valby

text: Jonas Brothers

text: Johnny Cash

text: and

text: The Carter Sisters

text: Judas Priest

text: Just Surrender

text: King's X

text: Kris Kristofferson

text: Less Than Jake

text: Lori Lieberman

text: Lostprophets

text: Marillion

text: Matchbook Romance

text: Meat Loaf

text: Meets The Sky

text: Megadeth

text: , Men Without Hats,

text: The Misfits

text: ,Modern Day Escape, Modern English,

text: moe.

text: Moneen

text: Motograter

text: Motörhead

text: Mudvayne

text: Murphy's Law

text: Mushroomhead

text: My Chemical Romance

text: Name Taken

text: Neon Trees

text: New Found Glory

text: , Neurogenesis, Nidus, Ninety 9 Cents,

text: The Offspring

text: Otep

text: Ozzy Osbourne

text: Panic! At the Disco

text: Paramore

text: Pat Benatar

text: Pat Metheny

text: Paul Stanley

text: of

text: Kiss

text: ,Perfect Thyroid,

text: Peter Criss

text: of

text: Kiss

text: Peter Frampton

text: Phish

text: Powerman 5000

text: Puddle of Mudd

text: Queensrÿche

text: Robbie Dupree

text: , Romeo Void,

text: Saliva

text: ,Sam Hill,

text: Savatage

text: Scary Kids Scaring Kids

text: See You Next Tuesday

text: Senses Fail

text: ,Shadow Image,

text: Shadows Fall

text: Shai Hulud

text: Silverstein

text: Skid Row

text: Slayer

text: Smile Empty Soul

text: Smoke Or Fire

text: Social Distortion

text: Something Corporate

text: ,Soul 4 Sale,

text: Static-X

text: Stephen Lynch

text: Steve Forbert

text: Steve Howe

text: Stone Sour

text: Story of the Year

text: Stretch Arm Strong

text: Stryper

text: Sum 41

text: Suicidal Tendencies

text: Symphony X

text: Taking Back Sunday

text: ,Take One Car,

text: Tesla

text: The Black Crowes

text: The Business

text: , The Butthole Surfers,The David Belker Experience,

text: The Devil Wears Prada

text: The Early November

text: , The English Beat,

text: The Exies

text: , The Fixx, The Jesus & Mary Chain,The Leo Project,

text: The Number Twelve Looks Like You

text: , The Pixies,

text: The Ramones

text: The Red Chord

text: , The Red Hot Chili Peppers,

text: The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus

text: ,The Scaters,

text: The Sleeping

text: The Starting Line

text: The Suicide Machines

text: They Might Be Giants

text: Third Eye Blind

text: Three Days Grace

text: Through the Eyes of the Dead

text: , 'Til Tuesday,

text: Todd Rundgren

text: Train

text: Trapt

text: Trixter

text: TRUSTcompany

text: Twisted Sister

text: Unearth

text: Unwritten Law

text: ,UTD,

text: Utopia

text: Vampires Everywhere!

text: Vision of Disorder

text: (downstairs only - balcony was closed),

text: Warren Zevon

text: Warrior Soul

text: "Weird Al" Yankovic

text: White Lion

text: Winger

text: Yngwie Malmsteen

text: Zebra

text: and Ziggy Marley

text: At the sensory level, changes occur to vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, and taste.  Two common sensory changes that begin in midlife include our ability to see close objects and our ability to hear high pitches.  Other developmental changes to vision might include cataracts, glaucoma, and the loss of central visual field with macular degeneration . Hearing also becomes impaired in midlife and aging adults, particularly in men.  In the past 30 years, hearing impairment has doubled.  Hearing aids as an aid for hearing loss still leave many individuals dissatisfied with their quality of hearing. Olfaction can co-occur with changes in sense of taste. “Olfactory dysfunction can impair quality of life and may be a marker for other deficits and illnesses” and can also lead to decreased satisfaction in taste when eating. Losses to the sense of touch are usually noticed when there is a decline in the ability to detect a vibratory stimulus. The loss in sense of touch can harm a person’s fine motor skills such as writing and using utensils. The ability to feel painful stimuli is usually preserved in aging, but the process of decline for touch is accelerated in those with diabetes.

text: At the sensory level, changes occur to vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, and taste.  Two common sensory changes that begin in midlife include our ability to see close objects and our ability to hear high pitches.  Other developmental changes to vision might include

text: cataracts

text: glaucoma

text: , and the loss of central visual field with

text: macular degeneration

text: . Hearing also becomes impaired in midlife and aging adults, particularly in men.  In the past 30 years, hearing impairment has doubled.  Hearing aids as an aid for hearing loss still leave many individuals dissatisfied with their quality of hearing.

text: Olfaction

text: can co-occur with changes in sense of taste. “Olfactory dysfunction can impair quality of life and may be a marker for other deficits and illnesses” and can also lead to decreased satisfaction in taste when eating. Losses to the sense of touch are usually noticed when there is a decline in the ability to detect a vibratory stimulus. The loss in sense of touch can harm a person’s fine motor skills such as writing and using utensils. The ability to feel painful stimuli is usually preserved in aging, but the process of decline for touch is accelerated in those with diabetes.

text: Synaptics' core product families deliver touch sensing, display and biometrics solutions. They include touchpads, touch controllers, fingerprint sensors and integrated solutions.

text: of R in the classical sense for

text: of R in the classical sense for

text: Her writing style focuses on the senses, especially those of taste and smell. This may be due to the fact that Harris has a form of synaesthesia, in which she experiences colours as scents.Her novels are often much darker than the film adaptation of Chocolat would lead us to suppose, and characters are often emotionally damaged or morally ambivalent. Father-figures are frequently absent, and mothers are often portrayed as controlling, harsh or even abusive, as in Blueeyedboy and Five Quarters of the Orange. Harris favours a first-person, dual-narrator narrative structure, often revisiting past events to cast light on current developments. This generally makes for complex characterization, and even minor characters are often unusually well-developed. Her books have a very strong sense of place, with settings that play as significant a role as do the characters themselves. The fictional French village of Lansquenet-sous-Tannes, the setting of Chocolat and Peaches for Monsieur le Curé, also features in Blackberry Wine, and the fictional Yorkshire village of Malbry is the setting for both Blueeyedboy and Gentlemen and Players, as well as numerous short stories. Malbry is also the name of Maddy's home in the Rune books, and seems to bear a certain resemblance to Harris' home village of Almondbury.

text: Her writing style focuses on the senses, especially those of taste and smell. This may be due to the fact that Harris has a form of

text: synaesthesia

text: , in which she experiences colours as scents.Her novels are often much darker than the film adaptation of Chocolat would lead us to suppose, and characters are often emotionally damaged or morally ambivalent. Father-figures are frequently absent, and mothers are often portrayed as controlling, harsh or even abusive, as in Blueeyedboy and

text: Five Quarters of the Orange

text: . Harris favours a first-person, dual-narrator narrative structure, often revisiting past events to cast light on current developments. This generally makes for complex characterization, and even minor characters are often unusually well-developed. Her books have a very strong sense of place, with settings that play as significant a role as do the characters themselves. The fictional French village of Lansquenet-sous-Tannes, the setting of Chocolat and Peaches for Monsieur le Curé, also features in

text: Blackberry Wine

text: , and the fictional Yorkshire village of

text: Malbry

text: is the setting for both Blueeyedboy and

text: Gentlemen and Players

text: , as well as numerous short stories. Malbry is also the name of Maddy's home in the Rune books, and seems to bear a certain resemblance to Harris' home village of

text: Almondbury

text: Eye Weekly has described her career by saying she was praised for her role in The Five Senses, and that magazine credited her work in Love That Boy with transforming "a potentially irritating character- Phoebe, a 21-year-old overachiever who accidentally falls for a boy seven years her junior- into an oddly endearing figure who's surprised to find herself wracked by the aches that love brings."  Her honours have included being named by Maclean's magazine as "25 People Under 25 To Watch" for The Five Senses, and being nominated for a Gemini Award for acting in the television miniseries After the Harvest.

text: Eye Weekly

text: has described her career by saying she was praised for her role in

text: The Five Senses

text: , and that magazine credited her work in

text: Love That Boy

text: with transforming "a potentially irritating character- Phoebe, a 21-year-old overachiever who accidentally falls for a boy seven years her junior- into an oddly endearing figure who's surprised to find herself wracked by the aches that love brings."  Her honours have included being named by

text: Maclean's

text: magazine as "25 People Under 25 To Watch" for The Five Senses, and being nominated for a

text: Gemini Award

text: for acting in the television miniseries

text: After the Harvest

text: When patients are completely deaf in both ears they begin to rely more strongly on their other senses.  Because hearing relies on external sound waves, a deaf patient will feel the vibrations, rather than relying on what would normally be perceived as sound. As a patient relies on "feeling" sounds rather than hearing them, they subconsciously hear with their sense of touch, therefore reacting to auditory stimuli without actually hearing sound.

text: When patients are completely deaf in both

text: ear

text: s they begin to rely more strongly on their other

text: senses

text: .  Because hearing relies on external

text: sound wave

text: s, a deaf patient will feel the vibrations, rather than relying on what would normally be perceived as sound. As a patient relies on "feeling" sounds rather than hearing them, they

text: subconscious

text: ly hear with their sense of touch, therefore reacting to auditory stimuli without actually hearing sound.

text: The disease spreads from mother to child in the womb and can cause multiple problems, most notably microcephaly, in the baby. The full range of birth defects caused by infection during pregnancy is not known, but they appear to be common, with large scale abnormalities seen in up to 42% of live births. Observed associations include microcephaly, eye abnormalities such as chorioretinal scarring, and hydrops fetalis, where there is abnormal accumulation of fluid in the fetus. These abnormalities can lead to intellectual problems, seizures, vision problems, hearing problems, problems feeding and slow development.

text: The disease spreads from

text: mother to child in the womb

text: and can cause multiple problems, most notably

text: microcephaly

text: , in the baby. The full range of birth defects caused by infection during pregnancy is not known, but they appear to be common, with large scale abnormalities seen in up to 42% of live births. Observed associations include microcephaly, eye abnormalities such as

text: chorioretinal

text: scarring, and

text: hydrops fetalis

text: , where there is abnormal accumulation of fluid in the fetus. These abnormalities can lead to intellectual problems,

text: seizure

text: s,

text: vision problems

text: hearing problems

text: , problems feeding and slow development.

text: Auctorum (abbreviated auct. or auctt.), in botany and zoology is a term used to indicate that a name is used in the sense of a number of subsequent authors and not in its (different) sense as established by the original author. Auctorum is Latin and means of authors.

text: Auctorum (abbreviated auct. or auctt.), in

text: botany

text: and

text: zoology

text: is a term used to indicate that a name is used in the sense of a number of subsequent authors and not in its (different) sense as established by the original author. Auctorum is

text: Latin

text: and means of authors.

text: The cognitive map is generated from a number of sources, both from the visual system and elsewhere. Much of the cognitive map is created through self-generated movement cues. Inputs from senses like vision, proprioception, olfaction, and hearing are all used to deduce a person's location within their environment as they move through it. This allows for path integration, the creation of a vector that represents one's position and direction within one's environment, specifically in comparison to an earlier reference point. This resulting vector can be passed along to the hippocampal place cells where it is interpreted to provide more information about the environment and one's location within the context of the cognitive map.

text: The cognitive map is generated from a number of sources, both from the

text: visual system

text: and elsewhere. Much of the cognitive map is created through self-generated movement

text: cues

text: . Inputs from senses like vision,

text: proprioception

text: , olfaction, and hearing are all used to deduce a person's location within their environment as they move through it. This allows for path integration, the creation of a vector that represents one's position and direction within one's environment, specifically in comparison to an earlier reference point. This resulting vector can be passed along to the hippocampal place cells where it is interpreted to provide more information about the environment and one's location within the context of the cognitive map.

text: The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts—the outer ear, middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word "ear" often refers to the external part alone. The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles. The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when stationary; and the cochlea, which enables hearing. The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, an arrangement that aids sound localisation.

text: The ear is the

text: organ

text: of

text: hearing

text: and, in mammals,

text: balance

text: . In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts—the

text: outer ear

text: middle ear

text: and the

text: inner ear

text: . The outer ear consists of the

text: pinna

text: and the

text: ear canal

text: . Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word "ear" often refers to the external part alone. The middle ear includes the

text: tympanic cavity

text: and the three

text: ossicle

text: s. The inner ear sits in the

text: bony labyrinth

text: , and contains structures which are key to several senses: the

text: semicircular canal

text: s, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the

text: utricle

text: and

text: saccule

text: , which enable balance when stationary; and the

text: cochlea

text: , which enables hearing. The ears of

text: vertebrate

text: s are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, an arrangement that aids

text: sound localisation

text: Touch is the area outside and including the two touch-lines which define the sides of the playing area.  As the touch-lines are not part of the playing area they are part of touch. The ball, and players carrying the ball, are not considered to be in touch until they touch the floor.

text: Over the last decade, flight surgeons and scientists at Nasa have seen a pattern of vision problems in astronauts on long-duration space missions. The syndrome, known as visual impairment intracranial pressure (VIIP), has been reported in nearly two-thirds of space explorers after long periods spent aboard the International Space Station (ISS)

text: One of Greisen's special roles in the group was to speak out during a concert when she sensed that the Lord was healing a certain type of illness, or that He was touching people in a certain way.  Sometimes people would approach her after a concert and tell her that the Lord had healed them. Sometimes no one would testify to the fact that they had been healed, although they might tell her about it years after their healing.

text: Howard's research areas included human spatial orientation (how we tell whether we are upright or lying down), stereopsis (how we sense the distance of objects from our eyes from the differences in the images in the eyes), eye movements, and perceptual ambiguity. Howard was reluctant to use computer-simulated stimuli for his studies; Howard's approach was to study visual perception in realistic settings with real objects, unlike many others in the field, who studied it using pictures of objects. Realistic settings Howard constructed included a full-size rotating room and a 3-m-diameter sphere. He also researched human orientation in microgravity using the "vomit comet" and the space shuttle.

text: Howard's research areas included human

text: spatial orientation

text: (how we tell whether we are upright or lying down),

text: stereopsis

text: (how we sense the distance of objects from our eyes from the differences in the images in the eyes),

text: eye movements

text: , and

text: perceptual ambiguity

text: . Howard was reluctant to use computer-simulated stimuli for his studies; Howard's approach was to study visual perception in realistic settings with real objects, unlike many others in the field, who studied it using pictures of objects. Realistic settings Howard constructed included a full-size rotating room and a 3-m-diameter sphere. He also researched human orientation in

text: microgravity

text: using the "

text: vomit comet

text: " and the

text: space shuttle

text: The fourth book is devoted to the theory of the senses, sight, hearing, taste, smell, of sleep and of dreams, ending with a disquisition upon love and sex.

text: The fourth book is devoted to the theory of the senses,

text: sight

text: hearing

text: taste

text: smell

text: , of

text: sleep

text: and of

text: dream

text: s, ending with a disquisition upon

text: love and sex

text: The prosoma is covered by the carapace and always bears a pair of median eyes. In the probably basal families Palaeocharinidae, Anthracomartidae – and perhaps also Anthracosironidae – there is an additional pair of lateral eye tubercles which, at least in palaeocharinids, appear to have borne a series of individual lenses. In this sense palaeocharinids seem to be in the process of reducing a compound eye.

text: The prosoma is covered by the carapace and always bears a pair of median eyes. In the probably basal families

text: Palaeocharinidae

text: Anthracomartidae

text: – and perhaps also

text: Anthracosironidae

text: – there is an additional pair of lateral eye tubercles which, at least in palaeocharinids, appear to have borne a series of individual lenses. In this sense palaeocharinids seem to be in the process of reducing a

text: compound eye

text: Having two eyes allows the brain to determine the depth and distance of an object, called stereovision, and gives the sense of three-dimensionality to the vision. Both eyes must point accurately enough that the object of regard falls on corresponding points of the two retinas to stimulate stereovison; otherwise, double vision might occur. Some persons with congenitally crossed eyes tend to ignore one eye's vision, thus do not suffer double vision, and do not have stereovision. The movements of the eye are controlled by six muscles attached to each eye. and allow the eye to elevate, depress, converge, diverge and roll. These muscles are both controlled voluntarily and involuntarily to track objects and correct for simultaneous head movements.

text: They are waiting for Pauline’s son Jack who is just over an hour late to be home from work. They talk about how he is known as “the smartest and finest looking black boy in the whole town.” They discuss how he is the only one in the family with blue eyes, while everyone else has black eyes. Rebecca claims she wishes she had his eyes too, and Pauline discourages her from ignoring her own beauty. They make fun of how dedicated and hard working Jack is, saying instead of chasing girls he is more interested in his books.

text: Resistive touch is used in restaurants, factories and hospitals due to its high resistance to liquids and contaminants. A major benefit of resistive touch technology is its low cost. Additionally, as only sufficient pressure is necessary for the touch to be sensed, they may be used with gloves on, or by using anything rigid as a finger/stylus substitute. Disadvantages include the need to press down, and a risk of damage by sharp objects. Resistive touchscreens also suffer from poorer contrast, due to having additional reflections from the extra layers of material (separated by an air gap) placed over the screen. This is the type of touchscreen used by Nintendo in the DS family, the 3DS family, and the Wii U GamePad.

text: Resistive touch is used in restaurants, factories and hospitals due to its high resistance to liquids and contaminants. A major benefit of resistive touch technology is its low cost. Additionally, as only sufficient pressure is necessary for the touch to be sensed, they may be used with gloves on, or by using anything rigid as a finger/stylus substitute. Disadvantages include the need to press down, and a risk of damage by sharp objects. Resistive touchscreens also suffer from poorer contrast, due to having additional reflections from the extra layers of material (separated by an air gap) placed over the screen. This is the type of touchscreen used by Nintendo in the

text: DS family

text: , the

text: 3DS family

text: , and the

text: Wii U GamePad

text: While the semicircular canals respond to rotations, the otolithic organs sense linear accelerations. Humans have two otolithic organs on each side, one called utricle, the other saccule. The utricle contains a patch of hair cells and supporting cells called a macula. Similarly the saccule contains a patch of hair cells and a macula. Each hair cell of a macula has 40-70 stereocilia and one true cilium called a kinocilium. The tips of these cilia are embedded in an otolithic membrane. This membrane is weighted down with protein-calcium carbonate granules called otoliths. These otoliths add to the weight and inertia of the membrane and enhance the sense of gravity and motion. With the head erect, the otolithic membrane bears directly down on the hair cells and stimulation is minimal. When the head is tilted, however, the otolithic membrane sags and bends the stereocilia, stimulating the hair cells. Any orientation of the head causes a combination of stimulation to the utricles and saccules of the two ears. The brain interprets head orientation by comparing these inputs to each other and to other input from the eyes and stretch receptors in the neck, thereby detecting whether the head is tilted or the entire body is tipping. Essentially, these otolithic organs sense how quickly you are accelerating forward or backward, left or right, or up or down.Most of the utricular signals elicit eye movements, while the majority of the saccular signals projects to muscles that control our posture.

text: While the semicircular canals respond to rotations, the

text: otolithic organs

text: sense linear accelerations. Humans have two otolithic organs on each side, one called

text: utricle

text: , the other

text: saccule

text: . The utricle contains a patch of

text: hair cell

text: s and supporting cells called a

text: macula

text: . Similarly the saccule contains a patch of hair cells and a

text: macula

text: . Each hair cell of a macula has 40-70 stereocilia and one true cilium called a

text: kinocilium

text: . The tips of these cilia are embedded in an otolithic membrane. This membrane is weighted down with protein-calcium carbonate granules called

text: otolith

text: s. These otoliths add to the weight and inertia of the membrane and enhance the sense of gravity and motion. With the head erect, the otolithic membrane bears directly down on the hair cells and stimulation is minimal. When the head is tilted, however, the otolithic membrane sags and bends the stereocilia, stimulating the hair cells. Any orientation of the head causes a combination of stimulation to the utricles and saccules of the two ears. The brain interprets head orientation by comparing these inputs to each other and to other input from the eyes and stretch receptors in the neck, thereby detecting whether the head is tilted or the entire body is tipping. Essentially, these otolithic organs sense how quickly you are accelerating forward or backward, left or right, or up or down.Most of the utricular signals elicit eye movements, while the majority of the saccular signals projects to muscles that control our posture.

text: The Trust organised the first Open Days at the site in June 2007. The main purpose, in the words of archaeologist Roger Miket, is simply to... "Create a presence for these two days and be on hand to meet and greet anyone who might wish to come to the site. We will also be there to demonstrate and explain how remote-sensing works, as well as carry out guided tours of the site. On the Sunday we are also offering a guided walk up Yeavering Bell."

text: The receptor for the sense of balance resides in the vestibular system in the ear (for the three-dimensional orientation of the head, and by inference, the rest of the body). Balance is also mediated by the kinesthetic reflex fed by proprioception (which senses the relative location of the rest of the body to the head). In addition, proprioception estimates the location of objects which are sensed by the visual system (which provides confirmation of the place of those objects relative to the body), as input to  the mechanical reflexes of the body.

text: The receptor for the sense of balance resides in the

text: vestibular system

text: in the ear (for the three-dimensional orientation of the head, and by inference, the rest of the body). Balance is also mediated by the kinesthetic reflex fed by

text: proprioception

text: (which senses the relative location of the rest of the body to the head). In addition, proprioception estimates the location of objects which are sensed by the

text: visual system

text: (which provides confirmation of the place of those objects relative to the body), as input to  the mechanical reflexes of the body.

text: There are two distinct senses of the word "undecidable" in contemporary use. The first of these is the sense used in relation to Gödel's theorems, that of a statement being neither provable nor refutable in a specified deductive system. The second sense is used in relation to computability theory and applies not to statements but to decision problems, which are countably infinite sets of questions each requiring a yes or no answer. Such a problem is said to be undecidable if there is no computable function that correctly answers every question in the problem set.  The connection between these two is that if a decision problem is undecidable (in the recursion theoretical sense) then there is no consistent, effective formal system which proves for every question A in the problem either "the answer to A is yes" or "the answer to A is no".

text: There are two distinct senses of the word "undecidable" in contemporary use. The first of these is the sense used in relation to Gödel's theorems, that of a statement being neither provable nor refutable in a specified

text: deductive system

text: . The second sense is used in relation to

text: computability theory

text: and applies not to statements but to

text: decision problem

text: s, which are countably infinite sets of questions each requiring a yes or no answer. Such a problem is said to be undecidable if there is no

text: computable function

text: that correctly answers every question in the problem set.  The connection between these two is that if a decision problem is undecidable (in the recursion theoretical sense) then there is no consistent, effective

text: formal system

text: which proves for every question A in the problem either "the answer to A is yes" or "the answer to A is no".

text: The problem becomes less ill-posed when binocular vision allows actual determination of relative depth by stereoscopy, but its linkage to the evaluation of distance in the other two dimensions is uncertain (see: stereoscopic depth rendition). Hence, the uncomplicated three-dimensional visual space of every-day experience is the product of many perceptual and cognitive layers superimposed on the physiological representation of the physical world of objects.

text: The problem becomes less ill-posed when

text: binocular vision

text: allows actual determination of relative depth by

text: stereoscopy

text: , but its linkage to the evaluation of distance in the other two dimensions is uncertain (see:

text: stereoscopic depth rendition

text: ). Hence, the uncomplicated three-dimensional visual space of every-day experience is the product of many perceptual and cognitive layers superimposed on the physiological representation of the physical world of objects.

text: 'Taking Rights Seriously –'Taledanda –'Tancred (novel) –'Tanya –'Tao of Jeet Kune Do –'Tao Te Ching –'Tarana-e-Milli –'Teaching Ethics –'Teaching Philosophy –"'Technics and Time, 1 –"'Technoromanticism (book) –'Telos (journal) –'Tenth Letter (Plato) –'Teorema (journal) –'Teoria dell'Individuo Assoluto –'Thalia (journal) –'The 120 Days of Sodom –'The Abolition of Work –'The Absence of the Book –'The Acorn (journal) –'The Adulterous Woman –'The Advancement of Learning –'The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible –'The Age of Reason (Sartre) –'The Alphabet Versus the Goddess: The Conflict Between Word and Image –'The American Journal of Semiotics –'The Analysis of Beauty –'The Analyst –'The Anatomy Lesson (1995 novel) –'The Anatomy of Revolution –'The Antichrist (book) –'The Archaeology of Knowledge –'The Aristos –'The Art of Being Right –'The Art of Happiness –'The Art of Loving –'The Art of Worldly Wisdom –'The Artist at Work –'The Atheist's Guide to Christmas –'The Athenian Murders –'The Authoritarian Personality –'The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man –The Ayn Rand Lexicon –'The Bar Code Rebellion –'The Bar Code Tattoo –'The Beginning of Infinity –'The Betrayal of the American Right –'The Birth of the Clinic –'The Birth of Tragedy –'The Black Swan (Taleb book) –'The Blood of Others –'The Book of Lord Shang –'The Book of Mirdad –'The Book of Opposites –'The Book of Tea –'The Book of the Apple –'The Book on Adler –'The Bounds of Sense –'The Bride of Messina –'The Brothers Karamazov –'The Call of the Marching Bell –'The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy –'The Cambridge Quintet –'The Case Against the Fed –'The Case for God –'The Case of Thomas N. –'The Case of Wagner –'The Castle (novel) –'The Century (book) –'The Chips Are Down (screenplay) –'The Choice (philosophy book) –'The Closing of the American Mind –'The Closing of the Western Mind –'The Cloud of Unknowing –'The Clouds –'The Commonwealth of Oceana –'The Communist Manifesto –'The Concept of Anxiety –'The Concept of Law –'The Concept of Mind –'The Concept of the Political –'The Condemned of Altona –'The Conditions of Philosophy –'The Conquest of Bread –'The Conscious Mind –'The Consolations of Philosophy –'The Continuing Revolution –'The Contortionist's Handbook –'The Course in Positive Philosophy –'The Cream of the Jest –'The Criminal of Lost Honour –'The Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress –'The Critic as Artist –'The Crock of Gold (novel) –'The Crucible (1957 film) –'The Dawkins Delusion? –'The Dawn (book) –'The Death of Bunny Munro –'The Death of Postmodernism and Beyond –'The Death of Virgil –'The Death of Vishnu –'The Decadence of Industrial Democracies –'The Description of the Human Body –'The Development of Capitalism in Russia –'The Development of Metaphysics in Persia –'The Devil and the Good Lord –'The Dictionary of Fashionable Nonsense –'The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy –'The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature –'The Doctrine of Fascism –'The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated –'The Doomed City –'The Doors of Perception –'The Earth House –'The Economics and Ethics of Private Property –'The Educated Mind –'The Ego and Its Own –'The Elegance of the Hedgehog –'The Elements of Moral Philosophy –'The Elements of Racial Education –'The Emperor's New Mind –'The End of Faith –'The End of History and the Last Man –'The End of the Soul –'The Essence of Christianity –'The Ethical Slut –'The Ethics of Ambiguity –'The Ethics of Liberty –'The Evolution of Physics –'The Examined Life –'The Extended Mind –'The Fall (Albert Camus novel) –'The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures –'The Feast of Fools –'The First and Last Freedom –'The First Man –'The Flies –'The Flight from Woman –'The Foundations of Arithmetic –'The Fountainhead –'The Fragility of Goodness –'The Freethinker (journal) –'The Gambler (novel) –'The Garden of Cyrus –'The Garden Party (play) –'The Gay Science –'The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century –'The Geography of Thought –'The German Ideology –'The Ghost in the Machine –'The Ghost-Seer –'The Global Trap –'The God Delusion –'The Good Book (book) –'The Grammar of Science –'The Grand Inquisitor –'The Growing Stone –'The Guest –'The Guide for the Perplexed –'The Guide –'The Handmaid's Tale –'The Harvard Review of Philosophy –'The Herald of Coming Good –'The Hermetic Tradition –'The Hero with a Thousand Faces –'The History of England (Hume) –'The History of Great Britain –'The History of Sexuality –'The Human Condition (book) –'The Idiot –'The Imaginary (Sartre) –'The Inclusion of the Other –'The Incoherence of the Incoherence –'The Incoherence of the Philosophers –'The Informant (book) –"'The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method –"'The Invisible Hook –'The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism –'The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies –'The Journal of Ethics –'The Journal of Nietzsche Studies –'The Journal of Philosophy –'The Just Assassins –'The Kal_m Cosmological Argument –'The Kingdom of this World –'The Last Messiah –'The Last Puritan –'The Lathe of Heaven –'The Law (1850 book) –'The Law of Nations –'The Law of Peoples –'The Laws of Thought –'The Legitimation of Power –'The Life of Reason –'The Life You Can Save –'The Literature of Exhaustion –'The Logic of Scientific Discovery –'The Logic of Sense –'The Lonergan Review –'The Machiavellian Moment –'The Machinery of Freedom –'The Magic Mountain –'The Maid of Orleans (play) –'The Man Without Qualities –'The Market for Liberty –'The Marriage of Heaven and Hell –'The Master and His Emissary –'The Master of Go –'The Meaning of Meaning –'The Meaning of Things –'The Mechanism of the Mind –'The Mentor Philosophers –'The Metamorphosis –'The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America –'The Methods of Ethics –'The Middle Way –'The Mind's I –'The Miracle of Mindfulness –'The Misunderstanding –'The Modern Schoolman –'The Monist –'The Moral Landscape –'The Moviegoer –'The Mystery of Banking –'The Mystery of Being –'The Mystery of the Grail –'The Myth of Sisyphus –'The Myth of the Rational Voter –'The Name of the Rose –'The Natural History of Revolution –'The Nature and Destiny of Man –'The Nature of Mind –'The Nature of Rationality –'The Nature of Truth –'The Necessity of Atheism –'The Nemesis of Faith –'The New Masses –'The New Science –'The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God –'The Open Society and Its Enemies –'The Ordeal of Richard Feverel –'The Order of Things –'The Origin of German Tragic Drama –"'The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State –"'The Origin of the Work of Art –'The Origins of Virtue –'The Outdatedness of Human Beings –'The Owl of Minerva –'The Oxford Companion to Philosophy –'The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy –'The Panic of 1819 –'The Paradoxes of the Infinite –'The Penultimate Truth –'The Perennial Philosophy –'The Phenomenology of Spirit –'The Phenomenon of Man –'The Philosopher –'The Philosophers' Magazine –'The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand –'The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity –'The Philosophical Forum –'The Philosophical Lexicon –'The Philosophical Quarterly –'The Philosophical Review –'The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche –'The Philosophy of Money –'The Pigeon –'The Plague –'The Point of View of My Work as an Author –'The Politics of Individualism –'The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H. –'The Possessed (play) –'The Postmodern Condition –'The Postnational Constellation –'The Poverty of Historicism –'The Poverty of Philosophy –'The Praise of Folly –'The Prince –'The Principal Upanishads (book) –'The Principles of Mathematics –'The Problem of Pain –'The Problems of Philosophy –'The Question Concerning Technology –'The Racial Contract –'The Rage Against God –'The Range of Reason –'The Rape of the A*P*E* –'The Rationalists –'The Raw Youth –'The Realms of Being –'The Reason of State –'The Rebel (book) –'The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam –'The Relativity of Wrong –'The Religion of Man –'The Renegade (Camus short story) –'The Reprieve –'The Republic (Plato) –'The Respectful Prostitute –'The Rhetoric of Drugs –'The Right Attitude to Rain –'The Road to Serfdom –'The Roads to Freedom –'The Robbers –'The Rod of Moses –'The Roman Revolution –'The Romantic Manifesto –'The Roots of Reference –'The Royal Way –'The Rutherford Journal –'The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics –'The Satanic Bible –'The School for Atheists –'The Science of Good and Evil –"'The Sea, the Sea –"'The Second Sex –'The Secret of Hegel –'The Secrets of Selflessness –'The Secrets of the Self –'The Selfish Genius –'The Shockwave Rider –'The Sickness Unto Death –'The Silent Men –'The Silent World of Doctor and Patient –'The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer –'The Situations and Names of Winds –'The Skeptic's Dictionary –'The Sky Crawlers –'The Sleepwalkers (Broch novel) –'The Social Contract –'The Society of the Spectacle –'The Solar Anus –'The Solitaire Mystery –'The Soul of Man under Socialism –'The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism –'The Spirit of the Laws –'The State (book) –'The State and Revolution –'The State of Siege –'The Story of My Heart –'The Story of Philosophy –'The Stranger (novel) –'The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere –'The Structure of Liberty –'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions –'The Subjection of Women –'The Sublime Object of Ideology –'The Sunday Philosophy Club –'The Sunlight Dialogues –'The Symbolic Species –"'The System of Economic Contradictions, or The Philosophy of Poverty –"'The System of Nature –'The Tao of Zen –'The Task (poem) –'The Tea Party Goes to Washington –'The Teachers of Gurdjieff –'The Teachings of the Mystics –'The Theatre considered as a Moral Institution –'The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism –'The Theory of Communicative Action –'The Theory of Moral Sentiments –'The Theory of Social and Economic Organization –'The Thief's Journal –'The Third Policeman –'The Threat to Reason –'The Three Types of Legitimate Rule (book) –'The Three Types of Legitimate Rule –'The Transcendence of the Ego –'The Trial –'The True Law of Free Monarchies –'The Twilight of Atheism –'The Unbearable Lightness of Being –'The Unreality of Time –'The Urantia Book –'The Use of Knowledge in Society –'The Value of Science –'The Varieties of Religious Experience –'The Virtue of Selfishness –'The Vision of the Anointed –'The Vocation of Man –'The Voice of Reason –'The Voluntary City –'The Wall (book) –'The Way of Peace –'The Wealth of Nations –'The Will to Power (manuscript) –'The Words –'The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction –'The World (Descartes) –'The World as Will and Representation –'The World of Null-A –'The Yogi and the Commissar -'Theaetetus (dialogue) –'Theages –'Themes in Blade Runner –'Théodicée –'Theodor W. Adorno bibliography –'Theologico-Political Treatise –'Theophrastus redivivus –'Theoria (philosophy journal) –'Theory and Decision –'Theory and Event –'Thérèse Philosophe –'Theses on Feuerbach –'Think (journal) –'Think: A Compelling Introduction to Philosophy –'Thinker's Library –'Thinking about Consciousness –'Thirteen Classics –'Thoughts on Government –'Thoughts on Machiavelli –'Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces –'Three Critics of the Enlightenment –'Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous –'Three Principles of the People –"'Three Upbuilding Discourses, 1844 –"'Three Upbuilding Discourses –'Thus Spoke Zarathustra –'Timaeus (dialogue) –'Time and Free Will –'Tiqqun –'To Have or to Be? –'Tomer Devorah –'Topics (Aristotle) –'Totality and Infinity –'Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione –'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (6.5) –'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus –'Tractatus Politicus –'Tractatus Theologico-Politicus –'Treatise –'Troubled Sleep –'Truth and Method –'Tuesdays with Morrie –'Tulu'i Islam –'Turkish Review –'Tusculanae Disputationes –'Tusculanae Quaestiones –'Twelfth Letter (Plato) –'Twilight of the Idols –'Two Ages: A Literary Review –'Two Concepts of Liberty –'Two Dogmas of Empiricism –'Two Treatises of Government –"'Two Upbuilding Discourses, 1843 –""'Two Upbuilding Discourses, 1844 –"

text: Taking Rights Seriously

text: Taledanda

text: Tancred (novel)

text: Tanya

text: Tao of Jeet Kune Do

text: Tao Te Ching

text: Tarana-e-Milli

text: Teaching Ethics

text: Teaching Philosophy

text: Technics and Time, 1

text: Technoromanticism (book)

text: Telos (journal)

text: Tenth Letter (Plato)

text: Teorema (journal)

text: Teoria dell'Individuo Assoluto

text: Thalia (journal)

text: The 120 Days of Sodom

text: The Abolition of Work

text: The Absence of the Book

text: The Acorn (journal)

text: The Adulterous Woman

text: The Advancement of Learning

text: The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible

text: The Age of Reason (Sartre)

text: The Alphabet Versus the Goddess: The Conflict Between Word and Image

text: The American Journal of Semiotics

text: The Analysis of Beauty

text: The Analyst

text: The Anatomy Lesson (1995 novel)

text: The Anatomy of Revolution

text: The Antichrist (book)

text: The Archaeology of Knowledge

text: The Aristos

text: The Art of Being Right

text: The Art of Happiness

text: The Art of Loving

text: The Art of Worldly Wisdom

text: The Artist at Work

text: The Atheist's Guide to Christmas

text: The Athenian Murders

text: The Authoritarian Personality

text: The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man

text: The Ayn Rand Lexicon

text: The Bar Code Rebellion

text: The Bar Code Tattoo

text: The Beginning of Infinity

text: The Betrayal of the American Right

text: The Birth of the Clinic

text: The Birth of Tragedy

text: The Black Swan (Taleb book)

text: The Blood of Others

text: The Book of Lord Shang

text: The Book of Mirdad

text: The Book of Opposites

text: The Book of Tea

text: The Book of the Apple

text: The Book on Adler

text: The Bounds of Sense

text: The Bride of Messina

text: The Brothers Karamazov

text: The Call of the Marching Bell

text: The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy

text: The Cambridge Quintet

text: The Case Against the Fed

text: The Case for God

text: The Case of Thomas N.

text: The Case of Wagner

text: The Castle (novel)

text: The Century (book)

text: The Chips Are Down (screenplay)

text: The Choice (philosophy book)

text: The Closing of the American Mind

text: The Closing of the Western Mind

text: The Cloud of Unknowing

text: The Clouds

text: The Commonwealth of Oceana

text: The Communist Manifesto

text: The Concept of Anxiety

text: The Concept of Law

text: The Concept of Mind

text: The Concept of the Political

text: The Condemned of Altona

text: The Conditions of Philosophy

text: The Conquest of Bread

text: The Conscious Mind

text: The Consolations of Philosophy

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text: The Contortionist's Handbook

text: The Course in Positive Philosophy

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text: The Criminal of Lost Honour

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text: The Dawkins Delusion?

text: The Dawn (book)

text: The Death of Bunny Munro

text: The Death of Postmodernism and Beyond

text: The Death of Virgil

text: The Death of Vishnu

text: The Decadence of Industrial Democracies

text: The Description of the Human Body

text: The Development of Capitalism in Russia

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text: The Earth House

entity_name: The Economics and Ethics of Private Property

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text: The Penultimate Truth

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text: The Poverty of Philosophy

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text: The Prince

text: The Principal Upanishads (book)

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text: The Problems of Philosophy

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text: The Rationalists

text: The Raw Youth

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text: The Rod of Moses

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text: The Unbearable Lightness of Being

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text: The Urantia Book

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text: The Varieties of Religious Experience

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entity_name: Bibliography of Ayn Rand and Objectivism

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entity_name: The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

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text: To Have or to Be?

text: Tomer Devorah

text: Topics (Aristotle)

text: Totality and Infinity

text: Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione

text: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (6.5)

text: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

text: Tractatus Politicus

text: Tractatus Theologico-Politicus

text: Treatise

text: Troubled Sleep

text: Truth and Method

text: Tuesdays with Morrie

text: Tulu'i Islam

text: Turkish Review

text: Tusculanae Disputationes

text: Tusculanae Quaestiones

text: Twelfth Letter (Plato)

text: Twilight of the Idols

text: Two Ages: A Literary Review

text: Two Concepts of Liberty

text: Two Dogmas of Empiricism

text: Two Treatises of Government

text: Two Upbuilding Discourses, 1843

text: Two Upbuilding Discourses, 1844

text: The prevalence of basement membranes in the tissues of Eumetazoans means that most cell types require attachment to survive. This requirement has led to the development of complex mechanotransduction pathways, allowing cells to sense the stiffness of the substratum. Such signalling is mainly orchestrated in focal adhesions, regions where the integrin-bound actin cytoskeleton detects changes and transmits them downstream through YAP1. Calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and selectins can also mediate mechanotransduction. Specialised forms of mechanotransduction within the nervous system are responsible for mechanosensation: hearing, touch, proprioception and balance.

text: The prevalence of

text: basement membranes

text: in the tissues of

text: Eumetazoa

text: ns means that most cell types require

text: attachment

text: to survive. This requirement has led to the development of complex mechanotransduction pathways, allowing cells to sense the stiffness of the substratum. Such signalling is mainly orchestrated in

text: focal adhesions

text: , regions where the

text: integrin

text: -bound

text: actin

text: cytoskeleton

text: detects changes and transmits them downstream through

text: . Calcium-dependent

text: cell adhesion molecules

text: such as

text: cadherin

text: s and

text: selectin

text: s can also mediate mechanotransduction. Specialised forms of mechanotransduction within the nervous system are responsible for

text: mechanosensation

text: hearing

text: touch

text: proprioception

text: and

text: balance

text: The land will immerse the guest into the Star Wars universe. According to Iger, it will be "occupied by many inhabitants; humanoids, aliens and droids … the attractions, the entertainment, everything we create will be part of our storytelling. Nothing will be out of character or stray from the mythology." In an interview for the winter 2015 issue of the official Disney fan club publication Disney twenty-three, Trowbridge stated: "[O]ur intent is to make it feel as if you just walked into one of the movies... Bringing Star Wars to life in the physical world gives us the opportunity to play with a whole bunch of things we've never done before... to really engage all of the senses. What does that street feel like? What does that animal smell like? What does blue milk taste like?"

text: The land will immerse the guest into the Star Wars universe. According to Iger, it will be "occupied by many inhabitants; humanoids, aliens and droids … the attractions, the entertainment, everything we create will be part of our storytelling. Nothing will be out of character or stray from the mythology." In an interview for the winter 2015 issue of the official Disney fan club publication

text: Disney twenty-three

text: , Trowbridge stated: "[O]ur intent is to make it feel as if you just walked into one of the movies... Bringing Star Wars to life in the physical world gives us the opportunity to play with a whole bunch of things we've never done before... to really engage all of the senses. What does that street feel like? What does that animal smell like? What does blue milk taste like?"

text: One balancing test from American administrative procedure law applies to the question of due process of law, a consideration arising from the Fifth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments to the constitution.  Due process questions concern what type of procedures are appropriate when the government takes away property or a privilege from an individual; the individual would argue that the government should have, for example, given them a hearing before taking away their driver's license or cutting off their Social Security benefits.  This balancing test weighs the considerations of;

text: One balancing test from American

text: administrative procedure law

text: applies to the question of

text: due process of law

text: , a consideration arising from the

entity_name: Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

text: Fifth Amendment

text: and

entity_name: Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

text: Fourteenth Amendments

text: to the constitution.  Due process questions concern what type of procedures are appropriate when the government takes away property or a privilege from an individual; the individual would argue that the government should have, for example, given them a hearing before taking away their driver's license or cutting off their Social Security benefits.  This balancing test weighs the considerations of;

text: "The first level (outer sense) would be the ordinary perceptions provided by all our sense organs, hearing and touch and sight and smell and pain. All of these perceptions are in World 2, of course: vision with light and colour; sound with music and harmony; touch with all its qualities and vibration; the range of odours and tastes, and so on. These qualities do not exist in World 1, where correspondingly there are but electromagnetic waves, pressure waves in the atmosphere, material objects, and chemical substances.

text: Sense: Any of the faculties, as sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch, by which humans and animals perceive stimuli originating from outside or inside the body.

text: Going further would be adding every human sense: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Several works have been done (or are undergoing) to try to simulate each one. For example, haptic technology attempts to emulate physical contact by taking advantage of a user's sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user.

text: Going further would be adding every human sense: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Several works have been done (or are undergoing) to try to simulate each one. For example,

text: haptic technology

text: attempts to emulate physical contact by taking advantage of a user's sense of touch by applying

text: force

text: s,

text: vibration

text: s, or motions to the user.

text: Most fish possess highly developed sense organs. Nearly all daylight fish have color vision that is at least as good as a human's (see vision in fishes). Many fish also have chemoreceptors that are responsible for extraordinary senses of taste and smell. Although they have ears, many fish may not hear very well. Most fish have sensitive receptors that form the lateral line system, which detects gentle currents and vibrations, and senses the motion of nearby fish and prey. Some fish, such as catfish and sharks, have organs that detect weak electric currents on the order of  millivolt. Other fish, like the South American electric fishes Gymnotiformes, can produce weak electric currents, which they use in navigation and social communication.

text: vision in fishes

text: lateral line system

text: , which detects gentle currents and vibrations, and senses the motion of nearby fish and prey. Some fish, such as catfish and sharks, have organs that detect weak electric currents on the order of  millivolt. Other fish, like the South American electric fishes

text: Gymnotiformes

text: , can produce weak electric currents, which they use in navigation and social communication.

text: The five classical planets, being visible to the naked eye, have been known since ancient times and have had a significant impact on mythology, religious cosmology, and ancient astronomy. In ancient times, astronomers noted how certain lights moved across the sky in relation to the other stars. Ancient Greeks called these lights πλάνητες ἀστέρες (, "wandering stars") or simply πλανῆται (, "wanderers"), from which today's word "planet" was derived. In ancient Greece, China, Babylon, and indeed all pre-modern civilizations, it was almost universally believed that Earth was the center of the Universe and that all the "planets" circled Earth. The reasons for this perception were that stars and planets appeared to revolve around Earth each day and the apparently common-sense perceptions that Earth was solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

text: The five

text: classical planet

text: s, being visible to the naked eye, have been known since ancient times and have had a significant impact on

text: mythology

text: religious cosmology

text: , and ancient

text: astronomy

text: . In ancient times, astronomers noted how certain lights moved across the sky in relation to the other stars. Ancient Greeks called these lights

text: πλάνητες

text: ἀστέρες

text: (, "wandering stars") or simply

text: πλανῆται

text: (, "wanderers"), from which today's word "planet" was derived. In

text: ancient Greece

text: China

text: Babylon

text: , and indeed all pre-modern civilizations, it was almost universally believed that Earth was the

text: center of the Universe

text: and that all the "planets" circled Earth. The reasons for this perception were that stars and planets appeared to revolve around Earth each day and the apparently

text: common-sense

text: perceptions that Earth was solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.

text: Through studies using mammalian model organisms, there are two main hypotheses for the location of oxygen sensing in chemoreceptor cells: the membrane hypothesis and the mitochondrial hypothesis.  The membrane hypothesis was proposed for the carotid body in mice, and it predicts that oxygen sensing is an ion balance initiated process.  The mitochondrial hypothesis was also proposed for the carotid body of mice, but it relies on the levels of oxidative phosphorylation and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as a cue for hypoxia.  Specifically, the oxygen sensitive K  currents are inhibited by HO and NADPH oxidase activation.  There is evidence for both of these hypotheses depending on the species used for the study.  For the neuroepithelial cells in the zebrafish gills, there is strong evidence supporting the "membrane hypothesis" due to their capacity to respond to hypoxia after removal of the contents of the cell.  However, there is no evidence against multiple sites for oxygen sensing in organisms.

text: Through studies using mammalian model organisms, there are two main

text: hypotheses

text: for the location of oxygen sensing in chemoreceptor cells: the

text: membrane

text: hypothesis and the

text: mitochondrial

text: hypothesis.  The membrane hypothesis was proposed for the

text: carotid body

text: in mice, and it predicts that oxygen sensing is an ion balance initiated process.  The mitochondrial hypothesis was also proposed for the carotid body of mice, but it relies on the levels of

text: oxidative phosphorylation

text: and/or

text: reactive oxygen species

text: (ROS) production as a cue for hypoxia.  Specifically, the oxygen sensitive K  currents are inhibited by

text: HO

text: and

text: NADPH oxidase

text: activation.  There is evidence for both of these hypotheses depending on the species used for the study.  For the neuroepithelial cells in the zebrafish gills, there is strong evidence supporting the "membrane hypothesis" due to their capacity to respond to hypoxia after removal of the contents of the cell.  However, there is no evidence against multiple sites for oxygen sensing in organisms.

text: Sheep have good hearing, and are sensitive to noise when being handled. Sheep have horizontal slit-shaped pupils, with excellent peripheral vision; with visual fields of about 270° to 320°, sheep can see behind themselves without turning their heads. Many breeds have only short hair on the face, and some have facial wool (if any) confined to the poll and or the area of the mandibular angle; the wide angles of peripheral vision apply to these breeds. A few breeds tend to have considerable wool on the face; for some individuals of these breeds, peripheral vision may be greatly reduced by "wool blindness", unless recently shorn about the face. Sheep have poor depth perception; shadows and dips in the ground may cause sheep to baulk. In general, sheep have a tendency to move out of the dark and into well-lit areas, and prefer to move uphill when disturbed. Sheep also have an excellent sense of smell, and, like all species of their genus, have scent glands just in front of the eyes, and interdigitally on the feet. The purpose of these glands is uncertain, but those on the face may be used in breeding behaviors. The foot glands might also be related to reproduction, but alternative reasons, such as secretion of a waste product or a scent marker to help lost sheep find their flock, have also been proposed.

text: Sheep have good hearing, and are sensitive to noise when being handled. Sheep have horizontal slit-shaped pupils, with excellent

text: peripheral vision

text: ; with visual fields of about 270° to 320°, sheep can see behind themselves without turning their heads. Many breeds have only short hair on the face, and some have facial wool (if any) confined to the poll and or the area of the mandibular angle; the wide angles of peripheral vision apply to these breeds. A few breeds tend to have considerable wool on the face; for some individuals of these breeds, peripheral vision may be greatly reduced by "wool blindness", unless recently shorn about the face. Sheep have poor

text: depth perception

text: ; shadows and dips in the ground may cause sheep to baulk. In general, sheep have a tendency to move out of the dark and into well-lit areas, and prefer to move uphill when disturbed. Sheep also have an excellent sense of smell, and, like all species of their genus, have scent glands just in front of the eyes, and interdigitally on the feet. The purpose of these glands is uncertain, but those on the face may be used in breeding behaviors. The foot glands might also be related to reproduction, but alternative reasons, such as secretion of a waste product or a scent marker to help lost sheep find their flock, have also been proposed.

text: But Peter McDonnell, the director of the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute and chief medical editor of the Ophthalmology Times, said that time was needed “to see if others can confirm the existence of this ‘new layer’ and its potential significance", and added that his own reading of Dua's paper was that "this is not a description of a new layer in the sense of how we think of the corneal layers".

text: But Peter McDonnell, the director of the

text: Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute

text: and chief medical editor of the

text: Ophthalmology Times

text: , said that time was needed “to see if others can confirm the existence of this ‘new layer’ and its potential significance", and added that his own reading of Dua's paper was that "this is not a description of a new layer in the sense of how we think of the corneal layers".

text: Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa, also known as NARP syndrome, is a rare disease with mitochondrial inheritance that causes a variety of signs and symptoms chiefly affecting the nervous system Beginning in childhood or early adulthood, most people with NARP experience numbness, tingling, or pain in the arms and legs (sensory neuropathy); muscle weakness; and problems with balance and coordination (ataxia). Many affected individuals also have vision loss caused by changes in the light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye (the retina). In some cases, the vision loss results from a condition called retinitis pigmentosa. This eye disease causes the light-sensing cells of the retina gradually to deteriorate.

text: Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa, also known as NARP syndrome, is a rare disease with mitochondrial inheritance that causes a variety of signs and symptoms chiefly affecting the

text: nervous system

text: Beginning in childhood or early adulthood, most people with NARP experience numbness, tingling, or pain in the arms and legs (

text: sensory neuropathy

text: ); muscle weakness; and problems with balance and coordination (

text: ataxia

text: ). Many affected individuals also have vision loss caused by changes in the light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye (the

text: retina

text: ). In some cases, the vision loss results from a condition called

text: retinitis pigmentosa

text: . This eye disease causes the light-sensing cells of the retina gradually to deteriorate.

text: in the sense of the Carathéodory kernel theorem.

text: in the sense of the

text: Carathéodory kernel theorem

text: At Indie Vision Music, Jonathan Andre stated that "the band's vision to create pop-punk songs that'll influence the generation of both today and tomorrow is something that hasn't changed- in fact, the addition of Aleigh on bass guitar and vocals actually enhances the album (than if a male vocalist was providing backing vocals)- providing it with a sense of uniqueness, variety and diversity. While Aleigh doesn't lead a song by herself, the parts she does sing are just as good." Christian Music Zine's Joshua Andre felt "All In is their most mature and honest album yet, with a great diversities of melodies ranging from ballads to rock anthems and tongue-in-cheek punk offerings". Brianne Bellomy of CM Addict wrote that "'All In' is a diverse album that runs from a Green Day type sound to ballads to the punk rock sound that is Stellar Kart. Each song has a powerful message designed to stop and make you think about your life as it is now and what is should be as we live in Christ."

text: Main article: Proprioception is the “sense of bodily position.” It includes the vestibular sense (i.e., one’s sense of balance) and kinesthetic sense (i.e., one’s awareness of one’s movements).

text: Main article:

text: Proprioception

text: is the “sense of bodily position.” It includes the

text: vestibular sense

text: (i.e., one’s sense of balance) and

text: kinesthetic sense

text: (i.e., one’s awareness of one’s movements).

text: One of the most important areas of development for security systems was for the ability to intelligently evaluate a signal, as well as warning for a threat's presence.  Under the encouragement of the United States Strategic Defense Initiative, "smart sensors" began to appear.  These are sensors that could integrate sensing, signal extraction, processing, and comprehension. There are two main types of Smart Sensors.  One, similar to what are called "vision chips" when used in the visible range, allow for preprocessing using Smart Sensing techniques due to the increase in growth of integrated microcircuitry.  The other technology is more oriented to a specific use and fulfills its preprocessing goal through its design and structure.

text: One of the most important areas of development for security systems was for the ability to intelligently evaluate a signal, as well as warning for a threat's presence.  Under the encouragement of the United States

text: Strategic Defense Initiative

text: , "smart sensors" began to appear.  These are sensors that could integrate sensing, signal extraction, processing, and comprehension. There are two main types of Smart Sensors.  One, similar to what are called "

text: vision chip

text: s" when used in the visible range, allow for preprocessing using Smart Sensing techniques due to the increase in growth of integrated microcircuitry.  The other technology is more oriented to a specific use and fulfills its preprocessing goal through its design and structure.

text: With a sense of deep concern on the current state of affairs, the collective leaderships of Team Delhi, Team Shillong, Team Lamka, Team Imphal, Team Singngat, etc. have painstaking deliberations on the issue. The collective leadership, thereupon, unanimously resolved to adopt a vision document "Singngat Vision – 2020" with a pledge to strive towards achieving the points given therein. The Vision is expected to be attained by 2020.

text: Modern science may now have the tools necessary to test this problem in controlled environments. The resolution of this problem is in some sense provided by the study of human subjects who gain vision after extended congenital blindness.  One such subject took approximately a year to recognize most household objects purely by sight.  This indicates that this may no longer be an unsolved problem in philosophy.

text: A felt sense is quite different from "feeling" in the sense of emotions; it is one's bodily awareness of the ongoing life process. Because a felt sense is a living interaction in the world, it is not relative in the way that concepts are.  A felt sense is more ordered than concepts and has its own properties, different from those of logic; for example, it is very precise, more intricate, and can be conceptualized in a variety of non-arbitrary ways.  Much of Gendlin's philosophy is concerned with showing how this implicit bodily knowing functions in relation to logic.  For example, Gendlin has found that when the felt sense is allowed to function in relation to concepts, each carries the other forward, through steps of deeper feel and new formulation.

text: A

text: felt sense

text: is quite different from "feeling" in the sense of emotions; it is one's bodily awareness of the ongoing life process. Because a felt sense is a living interaction in the world, it is not relative in the way that concepts are.  A felt sense is more ordered than concepts and has its own properties, different from those of logic; for example, it is very precise, more intricate, and can be conceptualized in a variety of non-arbitrary ways.  Much of Gendlin's philosophy is concerned with showing how this implicit bodily knowing functions in relation to logic.  For example, Gendlin has found that when the felt sense is allowed to function in relation to concepts, each carries the other forward, through steps of deeper feel and new formulation.

text: The euphuistic sentence followed principles of balance and antithesis to their extremes, purposely using the latter regardless of sense. John Lyly set up three basic structural principles:

text: Motion picture professionals also desire color vision acuity information for integral parts of film post production like color timing and final color correction. Since these processes are highly subjective to individuals such as the director and the colorist, accurate color vision is vital to the final aesthetic appearance of the film. In addition to this, engineers involved in the production and chemistry of film and digital systems engineering are reliant on proper color vision to construct and engineer imaging systems that accurately sense and represent color in stored images and display.

text: Independent of each other in 1873, Breuer and the physicist and mathematician Ernst Mach discovered how the sense of balance (i.e., the perception of the head’s imbalance) functions: that it is managed by information the brain receives from the movement of a fluid in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. That the sense of balance depends on the three semicircular canals was discovered in 1870 by the physiologist Friedrich Goltz, but Goltz did not discover how the balance-sensing apparatus functions.

text: Independent of each other in 1873, Breuer and the physicist and mathematician

text: Ernst Mach

text: discovered how the sense of balance (i.e., the perception of the head’s imbalance) functions: that it is managed by information the brain receives from the movement of

text: a fluid

text: in the

text: semicircular canal

text: s of the

text: inner ear

text: . That the sense of balance depends on the three semicircular canals was discovered in 1870 by the physiologist

text: Friedrich Goltz

text: , but Goltz did not discover how the balance-sensing apparatus functions.

text: The balance of this article discusses Conway's sense of tangles; for the link theory sense, see that article.

text: s. The sensory nervous system transmits signals from senses such as taste and touch (including fine touch and gross touch) to the spinal cord and brain. The autonomic nervous system is a 'self-regulating' system which influences the function of organs over which we have little or no voluntary control, such as the digestive system.

text: s. The sensory nervous system transmits signals from senses such as

text: taste

text: and touch (including fine touch and gross touch) to the spinal cord and brain. The autonomic nervous system is a 'self-regulating' system which influences the function of organs over which we have little or no voluntary control, such as the

text: digestive system

text: The senses of the Accipitridae are adapted to hunting (or scavenging), and in particular their vision is legendary. The sight of some hawks and eagles is up to 8 times better than that of humans. Large eyes with two fovea provide binocular vision and a "hawk eye" for movement and distance judging. In addition they have the largest pectens of any birds. The eyes are tube shaped and cannot move much in their sockets. In addition to excellent vision many species have excellent hearing, but unlike in owls sight is generally the principal sense used for hunting. Hearing may be used to locate prey hidden in vegetation, but sight is still used to catch the prey. Like most birds the Accipitridae generally have a poor sense of smell; even the Old World vultures make no use of the sense, in contrast to the New World vultures in the family Cathartidae.

text: The senses of the Accipitridae are adapted to hunting (or scavenging), and in particular their

text: vision

text: is legendary. The sight of some hawks and eagles is up to 8 times better than that of humans. Large eyes with two

text: fovea

text: provide binocular vision and a "hawk eye" for movement and distance judging. In addition they have the largest

text: pectens

text: of any birds. The eyes are tube shaped and cannot move much in their sockets. In addition to excellent vision many species have excellent hearing, but unlike in owls sight is generally the principal sense used for hunting. Hearing may be used to locate prey hidden in vegetation, but sight is still used to catch the prey. Like most birds the Accipitridae generally have a poor sense of smell; even the Old World vultures make no use of the sense, in contrast to the New World vultures in the family

text: Cathartidae

text: An ethmoid fracture can also sever the olfactory nerve.  This injury results in anosmia (loss of smell).  A reduction in the ability to taste is also a side effect because it is based so heavily on smell.  This injury is not fatal, but can be dangerous, as when a person fails to smell smoke, gas, or spoiled food. In fact, people with anosmia were more than four times as likely to die in five years compared to those with a healthy sense of smell.

text: An ethmoid fracture can also sever the olfactory nerve.  This injury results in

text: anosmia

text: (loss of smell).  A reduction in the ability to taste is also a side effect because it is based so heavily on smell.  This injury is not fatal, but can be dangerous, as when a person fails to smell smoke, gas, or spoiled food. In fact, people with anosmia were more than four times as likely to die in five years compared to those with a healthy sense of smell.

text: David is brave enough to share his struggles, but, for the most part, he's still too shy to step out from behind the camera. His family is irritated by his constant filming, but it works to the documentary's advantage. By turning the lens away from himself, David completely avoids self-indulgent emotionality, maintaining a sense of objectivity. This technique also allows the viewer sees the world through his eyes. The frustrated looks, the sad sighs, and the lectures are all addressed to the camera, making it easy for the viewer to imagine how David must feel.

text: Kempe was an orthodox Catholic and, like other medieval mystics, she believed that she was summoned to a “greater intimacy with Christ,” in her case as a result of multiple visions and experiences she had as an adult. After the birth of her first child, Margery went through a period of crisis for nearly eight months. During her illness, Margery claims that she envisioned numerous devils and demons attacking her and commanding her to “forsake her faith, her family, and her friends” and that they even encouraged her to commit suicide. Then, she also claims that she had a vision of Jesus Christ in the form of a man who asked her "Daughter, why have you forsaken me, and I never forsook you?". Margery affirms that she had visitations and conversations with Jesus, Mary, God, and other religious figures and that she had visions of being an active participant during the birth and crucifixion of Christ. These visions and hallucinations physically affected her bodily senses, causing her to hear sounds and smell unknown, strange odours. She also reports hearing a heavenly melody that made her weep and want to live a chaste life. According to Beal, "Margery found other ways to express the intensity of her devotion to God. She prayed for a chaste marriage, went to confession two or three times a day, prayed early and often each day in church, wore a hair shirt, and willingly suffered whatever negative responses her community expressed in response to her extreme forms of devotion". Margery was also known throughout her community for her constant weeping as she begged Christ for mercy and forgiveness.

text: Kempe was an orthodox Catholic and, like other medieval mystics, she believed that she was summoned to a “greater intimacy with Christ,” in her case as a result of multiple visions and experiences she had as an adult. After the birth of her first child, Margery went through a period of crisis for nearly eight months. During her illness, Margery claims that she envisioned numerous devils and demons attacking her and commanding her to “forsake her faith, her family, and her friends” and that they even encouraged her to commit suicide. Then, she also claims that she had a

text: vision of Jesus Christ

text: in the form of a man who asked her "Daughter, why have you forsaken me, and I never forsook you?". Margery affirms that she had visitations and conversations with Jesus, Mary, God, and other religious figures and that she had visions of being an active participant during the birth and crucifixion of Christ. These visions and hallucinations physically affected her bodily senses, causing her to hear sounds and smell unknown, strange odours. She also reports hearing a heavenly melody that made her weep and want to live a chaste life. According to Beal, "Margery found other ways to express the intensity of her devotion to God. She prayed for a chaste marriage, went to confession two or three times a day, prayed early and often each day in church, wore a hair shirt, and willingly suffered whatever negative responses her community expressed in response to her extreme forms of devotion". Margery was also known throughout her community for her constant weeping as she begged Christ for mercy and forgiveness.

text: Multi-touch sensing and processing occurs via an ASIC sensor that is attached to the touch surface. Usually, separate companies make the ASIC and screen that combine into a touch screen; conversely, a trackpad's surface and ASIC are usually manufactured by the same company. There have been large companies in recent years that have expanded into the growing multi-touch industry, with systems designed for everything from the casual user to multinational organizations.

text: Multi-touch sensing and processing occurs via an

text: ASIC

text: sensor that is attached to the touch surface. Usually, separate companies make the ASIC and screen that combine into a touch screen; conversely, a trackpad's surface and ASIC are usually manufactured by the same company. There have been large companies in recent years that have expanded into the growing multi-touch industry, with systems designed for everything from the casual user to multinational organizations.

text: The name derives from the Gaelic tulach, meaning hillock, and is first recorded in 1329 in the form Tulch. The Touch estate was the property of the Frasers; a tower house may have existed from the 14th century. Touch was acquired by Alexander Seton, kinsman of the powerful Seton family, in the middle of the 15th century, and in 1480 his son Alexander is recorded as 1st laird of Touch. Elizabeth Seton inherited Touch in 1742, and in 1745 she hosted Bonnie Prince Charlie at the house, a few days prior to the battle of Prestonpans (21 September). Elizabeth married Hugh Smith, who took the name Seton, and the couple set about extending their property. The architect may have been John Steinson, a figure who is otherwise unknown. The names of William Adam (1689–1748) and his son John Adam (1721–1792) have been linked to the design.

text: The name derives from the Gaelic tulach, meaning hillock, and is first recorded in 1329 in the form Tulch. The Touch estate was the property of the Frasers; a tower house may have existed from the 14th century. Touch was acquired by Alexander Seton, kinsman of the powerful

text: Seton family

text: , in the middle of the 15th century, and in 1480 his son Alexander is recorded as 1st

text: laird

text: of Touch. Elizabeth Seton inherited Touch in 1742, and in 1745 she hosted

text: Bonnie Prince Charlie

text: at the house, a few days prior to the

text: battle of Prestonpans

text: (21 September). Elizabeth married Hugh Smith, who took the name Seton, and the couple set about extending their property. The architect may have been John Steinson, a figure who is otherwise unknown. The names of

text: William Adam

text: (1689–1748) and his son

text: John Adam

text: (1721–1792) have been linked to the design.

text: How the States Got Their Shapes is a television series that aired on the History Channel. It is hosted by Brian Unger and is based on Mark Stein's book, How the States Got Their Shapes.  The show deals with how the various states of the United States established their borders but also delves into other aspects of U.S. history, including failed states, proposed new states, and the local culture and character of various US states. It thus tackles the "shapes" of the states in a metaphorical sense as well as a literal sense.

text: How the States Got Their Shapes is a television series that aired on the

text: History Channel

text: . It is hosted by

text: Brian Unger

text: and is based on

text: Mark Stein

text: 's book, How the States Got Their Shapes.  The show deals with how the various

text: states

text: of the

text: United States

text: established their borders but also delves into other aspects of

text: U.S. history

text: , including

text: failed states

text: proposed new states

text: , and the local culture and character of various US states. It thus tackles the "shapes" of the states in a metaphorical sense as well as a literal sense.

text: The theme has its roots in the representations of Aeolus with birds in the Middle Ages, which became very popular at the end of the 16th century.  Its symbolic meaning is linked to the representation of the birds of Saint Francis of Assisi and to the devotion to Our Lady of the Birds.  According to legend, in the 13th century a flock of birds had been observed gathering near a grove of beech trees outside Brussels.  They had been attracted to that location by an image of the Virgin clamped between the branches of the trees. A Franciscan chapel dedicated to the Virgin was then built. It was destroyed during the iconoclastic fury of the Beeldenstorm in the 16th century but reconstructed at the end of the century.  A particular feature of the chapel were the bird cages that were suspended from the ceiling.  The birds in the cages contributed their song to the liturgy in the chapel.  Snyders is said to have had a special relationship with the Franciscan order and he wanted to be buried in the Franciscan habit.  In addition to this religious connotation, the concert of birds is also regarded as an allegory of the sense of hearing. Other interpretations are that the concert represents Wisdom, as the owl, which is the animal representing this quality, is sometimes depicted as the conductor of the bird concerts.  A further interpretation is that the concert of birds symbolically alludes to harmony and natural regulation, in the sense of balance with nature. These concepts are embodied in the systematization of the birds' song.  So, more generally, the concert of birds imagery refers to the political harmony and social order enjoyed by the owners of these paintings during the time the Southern Netherlands were governed by the Archdukes of Austria Albert and Isabella Clara Eugenia. This explains the success of the concert of birds paintings in bourgeois and aristocratic circles.  Various followers of Snyders also painted this theme: in the Spanish Netherlands there were Paul de Vos, Jan Fyt and Jan van Kessel the Elder; in the Dutch Republic, Gijsbert d'Hondecoeter, his son Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Abraham Busschop and Jacobus Victors reworked the subject by making it more courtly; and in France the Flemish expatriates Nicasius Bernaerts or Pieter Boel also created compositions on the theme.

text: The theme has its roots in the representations of

text: Aeolus

text: with birds in the

text: Middle Ages

text: , which became very popular at the end of the 16th century.  Its symbolic meaning is linked to the representation of the birds of Saint

text: Francis of Assisi

text: and to the devotion to Our Lady of the Birds.  According to legend, in the 13th century a flock of birds had been observed gathering near a grove of beech trees outside Brussels.  They had been attracted to that location by an image of the Virgin clamped between the branches of the trees. A

text: Franciscan

text: chapel dedicated to the Virgin was then built. It was destroyed during the iconoclastic fury of the

text: Beeldenstorm

text: in the 16th century but reconstructed at the end of the century.  A particular feature of the chapel were the bird cages that were suspended from the ceiling.  The birds in the cages contributed their song to the

text: liturgy

text: in the chapel.  Snyders is said to have had a special relationship with the Franciscan order and he wanted to be buried in the Franciscan habit.  In addition to this religious connotation, the concert of birds is also regarded as an allegory of the sense of hearing. Other interpretations are that the concert represents Wisdom, as the owl, which is the animal representing this quality, is sometimes depicted as the conductor of the bird concerts.  A further interpretation is that the concert of birds symbolically alludes to harmony and natural regulation, in the sense of balance with nature. These concepts are embodied in the systematization of the birds' song.  So, more generally, the concert of birds imagery refers to the political harmony and social order enjoyed by the owners of these paintings during the time the Southern Netherlands were governed by the Archdukes of Austria

text: Albert

text: and

text: Isabella Clara Eugenia

text: . This explains the success of the concert of birds paintings in bourgeois and aristocratic circles.  Various followers of Snyders also painted this theme: in the Spanish Netherlands there were

text: Paul de Vos

text: Jan Fyt

text: and

text: Jan van Kessel the Elder

text: ; in the Dutch Republic,

text: Gijsbert d'Hondecoeter

text: , his son

text: Melchior d'Hondecoeter

text: Abraham Busschop

text: and Jacobus Victors reworked the subject by making it more courtly; and in France the Flemish expatriates

text: Nicasius Bernaerts

text: or

text: Pieter Boel

text: also created compositions on the theme.

text: Yegorov earned his doctorate in medicine, with his specialisation being in disorders of the sense of balance.

text: Yegorov earned his doctorate in medicine, with his specialisation being in disorders of the

text: sense of balance

text: When he senses Kit and Adam fighting each other, he interrupts their battle in order to hear out Adam's side of the story and to prevent Kit from giving into his anger. He brings Adam back to the base to hear him out, but the other Riders are not interested. Len leaves the base, but Eubulon follows him and manages to have the others trust Adam, if only slightly. He goes with Pryce and Hunt to locate another transmitter in Africa, but they have a difficult time searching for it. After being ambushed by some of Xaviax's monsters, the three riders retreat when Hunt gets injured. Eubulon begins to heal Hunt when they return to base.

text: Touch shares many terms in common with rugby league (e.g. onside, offside, intercept). Below are some Touch-specific terms. The list is not meant to be comprehensive, and there are some regional variations.

text: Five of the tapestries are commonly interpreted as depicting the five senses – taste, hearing, sight, smell, and touch. The sixth displays the words "À mon seul désir".  The tapestry's meaning is obscure, but has been interpreted as representing love or understanding.  Each of the six tapestries depicts a noble lady with the unicorn on her left and a lion on her right; some include a monkey in the scene.  The pennants, as well as the armour of the Unicorn and Lion in the tapestry bear the arms of the sponsor, Jean Le Viste, a powerful nobleman in the court of King Charles VII. However, a very recent study of the heraldry appears to lend credence to another hypothesis - previously dismissed - that the real sponsor of the tapestry is Antoine II Le Viste (1470-1534), a descendant of the younger branch of the Le Viste family and an important figure at the court of Charles VIII, Louis XII and François I.

text: Five of the tapestries are commonly interpreted as depicting the five

text: senses

text: – taste, hearing, sight, smell, and touch. The sixth displays the words "À mon seul désir".  The tapestry's meaning is obscure, but has been interpreted as representing

text: love

text: or understanding.  Each of the six tapestries depicts a noble lady with the

text: unicorn

text: on her left and a

text: lion

text: on her right; some include a

text: monkey

text: in the scene.  The pennants, as well as the armour of the Unicorn and Lion in the tapestry bear the arms of the sponsor,

text: Jean Le Viste

text: , a powerful nobleman in the court of

text: King Charles VII

text: . However, a very recent study of the heraldry appears to lend credence to another hypothesis - previously dismissed - that the real sponsor of the tapestry is Antoine II Le Viste (1470-1534), a descendant of the younger branch of the Le Viste family and an important figure at the court of Charles VIII, Louis XII and François I.

text: From a practical point of view, Dewey's causal and instrumental senses of 'condition' and 'consequence' are at least as important as the attributive senses. In the causal sense, fuel, oxygen, and ignition are conditions for combustion as a consequence. In the instrumental sense, understanding, evidence, and judgment are conditions for knowledge as a consequence.

text: Wolfsbane's human form is normal in appearance, originally with the exception that her hair never grew more than a few centimeters long; this limitation has been since then removed by a temporary biological change into a "mutate" by the Genengineer on the island of Genosha during the X-Tinction Agenda storyline. The artificial mutation process Wolfsbane underwent caused her to act with animalistic savagery in her lupine and "absolute" forms. Rahne was shown to exhibit her keen sense of smell while in human form, sensing traces of blood and spittle on teammate Strong Guy's hand, (identifying who the fluids belonged to) despite him having already wiped it clean.  This was followed by Siryn's sonic-scream, leaving Wolfsbane's "doggy-ears...ringing for a week" implying her hearing is also enhanced in human form.  Rahne mentions to Rictor that she indeed has her wolf senses in her human form but changed the subject before explaining further.

text: Wolfsbane's human form is normal in appearance, originally with the exception that her hair never grew more than a few centimeters long; this limitation has been since then removed by a temporary biological change into a "mutate" by the Genengineer on the island of

text: Genosha

text: during the

text: X-Tinction Agenda

text: storyline. The artificial mutation process Wolfsbane underwent caused her to act with animalistic savagery in her lupine and "absolute" forms. Rahne was shown to exhibit her keen sense of smell while in human form, sensing traces of blood and spittle on teammate

text: Strong Guy

text: 's hand, (identifying who the fluids belonged to) despite him having already wiped it clean.  This was followed by

text: Siryn

text: 's sonic-scream, leaving Wolfsbane's "doggy-ears...ringing for a week" implying her hearing is also enhanced in human form.  Rahne mentions to

text: Rictor

text: that she indeed has her wolf senses in her human form but changed the subject before explaining further.

text: While Paine focused his style and address towards the common people, the arguments he made touched on prescient debates of morals, government, and the mechanisms of democracy. This gave Common Sense a "second life" in the very public call-and-response nature of newspaper debates made by intellectual men of letters throughout Philadelphia. Paine's formulation of "war for an idea" led to, as Eric Foner describes it, a torrent of letters, pamphlets, and broadsides on independence and the meaning of republican government…attacking or defending, or extending and refining Paine's ideas.”

text: While Paine focused his style and address towards the common people, the arguments he made touched on prescient debates of morals, government, and the mechanisms of democracy. This gave Common Sense a "second life" in the very public call-and-response nature of newspaper debates made by intellectual men of letters throughout Philadelphia. Paine's formulation of "war for an idea" led to, as

text: Eric Foner

text: describes it, a torrent of letters, pamphlets, and broadsides on independence and the meaning of republican government…attacking or defending, or extending and refining Paine's ideas.”

text: In the twelve months following March 2001 a rapid expansion began, seeing the number of on-air relay stations triple from around 30 to 90. Also in April 2001, Vision introduced Australia's first nationwide news service from a Christian perspective. Originally called UCB News, it was later rebranded to fall under the unified "Vision" brand. Vision's News is heard across all of the 600+ Vision Christian Radio stations as well as being accessed by a growing number of community stations who don't have the resources to produce their own news content.

text: In the twelve months following March 2001 a rapid expansion began, seeing the number of on-air relay stations triple from around 30 to 90. Also in April 2001, Vision introduced Australia's first nationwide news service from a Christian perspective. Originally called

text: UCB News

text: , it was later rebranded to fall under the unified "Vision" brand. Vision's News is heard across all of the 600+ Vision Christian Radio stations as well as being accessed by a growing number of community stations who don't have the resources to produce their own news content.

text: Once wasps emerge from the syconium, they have to figure out how to get to the fig in which they want to deposit their eggs.  Not only that, they need to make sure that the fig they find is available and acceptable for breeding. In the case of B. psenes, olfactory stimuli drive the wasp to a fig that is available to receive wasp eggs.  Figs emit compounds that the wasps can sense.  Pentane extracts from figs which are in their receptive-phase will attract B. psenes from at least 5 meters.  Upon sensing these signals from a specific syconium, the wasp will approach that fig.  The wasps assess the figs before entrance.  They do this by holding up their heads and antennae next to the opening of the syconium (the ostiole).  The actual attractive substances come from the ostiole.  If a wasp detects the signal, it will lower its antennae and will search for the entrance to the fig.  Both smell and taste also help actual entrance into a fig once the desired fig has been located.  If the wasp does not detect a signal, it will not enter the fig.  Instead, it will move on and search for another receptive fig.  Because these wasps have such short lives, selection has favored this attraction towards receptive plants to be easily distinguishable from a few meters.  Due to the difference in male and female trees, male tree figs are more attractive than female tree figs as caused by selection. This olfactory stimulus is specific for the wasps' host fig (in this case, F. carica), and enables the wasps to distinguish between their host and other fig species.

text: Once wasps emerge from the syconium, they have to figure out how to get to the fig in which they want to deposit their eggs.  Not only that, they need to make sure that the fig they find is available and acceptable for breeding. In the case of B. psenes,

text: olfactory

text: stimuli drive the wasp to a fig that is available to receive wasp eggs.  Figs emit compounds that the wasps can sense.

text: Pentane

text: extracts from figs which are in their receptive-phase will attract B. psenes from at least 5 meters.  Upon sensing these signals from a specific syconium, the wasp will approach that fig.  The wasps assess the figs before entrance.  They do this by holding up their heads and antennae next to the opening of the syconium (the

text: ostiole

text: ).  The actual attractive substances come from the ostiole.  If a wasp detects the signal, it will lower its antennae and will search for the entrance to the fig.  Both smell and taste also help actual entrance into a fig once the desired fig has been located.  If the wasp does not detect a signal, it will not enter the fig.  Instead, it will move on and search for another receptive fig.  Because these wasps have such short lives, selection has favored this attraction towards receptive plants to be easily distinguishable from a few meters.  Due to the difference in male and female trees, male tree figs are more attractive than female tree figs as caused by selection. This olfactory stimulus is specific for the wasps' host fig (in this case, F. carica), and enables the wasps to distinguish between their host and other fig species.

text: In many cases, frequent computer users suffer from computer vision syndrome, which is a degenerative eye problem which can result in severely reduced eyesight (Myopia), blurred vision, overall eye tiredness and even Glaucoma. Computer Eye Syndrome is an umbrella term for many problems but the causes of these problems can be easily identified. When using a computer due to the size and setup of the monitor and components it is necessary for the user to be within at least two feet of the monitor when performing any type of computational work. This presents many problems especially in older monitors due to an elevated amount of monitor glare, poor display quality and insufficient picture display refresh rates. Although these problems are more evident in older computers the newer models are not free from these problems either. Studies have been conducted  into the correlation between computers and eye problems and it was found that the Ionizing radiation given off by monitors has severe detrimental effects on the eye and eyesight on a whole. They also state “Treatment requires a multidirectional approach combining ocular therapy with adjustment of the workstation” which shows these problems are quite easily solved with minimal investment from computer manufacturers through producing higher quality monitors with better resolution and refresh rates. The most common form of Computer Vision Syndrome is a condition termed Dry Eye, which results in itchy, sore and even the illusion that something is stuck in your eye. This condition is often caused by extensively long period looking at a computer screen.

text: Based on the Body Language Project, touching is the most developed sense at birth and formulates our initial views of the world. Touching can be used to sooth, for amusement during play, to flirt, to expressing power and maintaining bonds between people such as with baby and mother. Touching can carry distinct emotions and also show the intensity of those emotions. Touch absent of other cues can signal anger, fear, disgust, love, gratitude and sympathy depending on the length and type of touching that is performed. Many factors also contribute to the meaning of touching such as the length of the touch and location on the body in which the touching takes place.

text: The Eye Tribe Company often demonstrates how their software works in their demos by showing someone scrolling down a web page by just staring at the screen. It exemplifies how the device can be hands-free when needed, making it easy and quick to read and browse the web. An example would be when you are watching a how-to video, you can pause it or rewind with your eyes, because your hands are too busy.

text: A vision chip is an integrated circuit having both image sensing circuitry and image processing circuitry on the same die. The image sensing circuitry may be implemented using charge-coupled devices, active pixel sensor circuits, or any other light sensing mechanism. The image processing circuitry may be implemented using analog, digital, or mixed signal (analog and digital) circuitry. One area of research is the use of neuromorphic engineering techniques to implement processing circuits inspired by biological neural systems. The output of a vision chip is generally a partially processed image or a high level information signal revealing something about the observed scene. Although there is no standard definition of a vision chip, the processing performed may comprise anything from processing individual pixel values to performing complex image processing functions and outputting a single value or yes/no signal based on the scene.

text: A vision chip is an integrated circuit having both image sensing circuitry and image processing circuitry on the same die. The image sensing circuitry may be implemented using

text: charge-coupled devices

text: active pixel sensor

text: circuits, or any other light sensing mechanism. The image processing circuitry may be implemented using analog, digital, or mixed signal (analog and digital) circuitry. One area of research is the use of

text: neuromorphic engineering

text: techniques to implement processing circuits inspired by biological neural systems. The output of a vision chip is generally a partially processed image or a high level information signal revealing something about the observed scene. Although there is no standard definition of a vision chip, the processing performed may comprise anything from processing individual pixel values to performing complex image processing functions and outputting a single value or yes/no signal based on the scene.

text: Third Eye Movement spent its first few years working on local issues including the police murder of Sheila Detoy. Then Proposition 21, an initiative that increased a variety of criminal penalties for crimes committed by youth and incorporated many youth offenders into the adult criminal justice system, made it onto the California ballot. Third Eye Movement worked together with a coalition of youth organizations in the Bay Area to oppose Proposition 21. Third Eye Movement became a national example of a new generation of hip hop activism. Hip Hop News and the FNV Newsletter stated in December 2000, "Third Eye Movement was one of the leading Hip Hop organizations here in the Bay that helped led [sic] the fight against California's infamous Prop 21 [Juvenile Crime Bill]. They had made a mark for themselves by using Hip Hop as a tool to help bring about social change. Over the past couple of years, it has not been unusual to see these cats show with as many as 500 people and shut down a business or spark up a rally. People are still talking how earlier this year, the group came through with close to 300 people and surrounded the Hilton Hotel in downtown San Francisco and shut it down. The owner of the Hotel chain had apparently contributed a bunch of money in support of Prop 21." Due in part to this movement, Bay Area counties were the only ones in the state to reject Proposition 21 in March 2000.

text: Third Eye Movement spent its first few years working on local issues including the police murder of

text: Sheila Detoy

text: . Then

text: Proposition 21

text: , an initiative that increased a variety of criminal penalties for crimes committed by youth and incorporated many youth offenders into the adult criminal justice system, made it onto the California ballot. Third Eye Movement worked together with a coalition of youth organizations in the Bay Area to oppose Proposition 21. Third Eye Movement became a national example of a new generation of

text: hip hop activism

text: . Hip Hop News and the FNV Newsletter stated in December 2000, "Third Eye Movement was one of the leading Hip Hop organizations here in the Bay that helped led [sic] the fight against California's infamous Prop 21 [Juvenile Crime Bill]. They had made a mark for themselves by using Hip Hop as a tool to help bring about social change. Over the past couple of years, it has not been unusual to see these cats show with as many as 500 people and shut down a business or spark up a rally. People are still talking how earlier this year, the group came through with close to 300 people and surrounded the Hilton Hotel in downtown San Francisco and shut it down. The owner of the Hotel chain had apparently contributed a bunch of money in support of Prop 21." Due in part to this movement, Bay Area counties were the only ones in the state to reject Proposition 21 in March 2000.

text: A simple eye (sometimes called a pigment pit) refers to a type of eye form or optical arrangement that contains a single lens. A "simple eye" is so called in distinction from a multi-lensed "compound eye", and is not necessarily at all simple in the usual sense of the word. The eyes of humans and large animals, and camera lenses are classed as "simple" because in both cases a single lens collects and focuses light onto the retina or film. Many insects have compound eyes consisting of multiple lenses (up to tens of thousands), each focusing light onto a small number of retinula cells.

text: A simple eye (sometimes called a pigment pit) refers to a type of

text: eye

text: form or optical arrangement that contains a single lens. A "simple eye" is so called in distinction from a multi-lensed "

text: compound eye

text: ", and is not necessarily at all simple in the usual sense of the word. The

text: eyes of humans

text: and large animals, and

text: camera lens

text: es are classed as "simple" because in both cases a single lens collects and focuses light onto the

text: retina

text: or

text: film

text: . Many

text: insect

text: s have compound eyes consisting of multiple lenses (up to tens of thousands), each focusing light onto a small number of

text: retinula cell

text: s.

text: The Joint Statement mentioned above was criticised at the time by Merrill Bowan, a vision therapy enthusiast, for being biased, with the author of a rebuttal concluding "The AAP/AAO/AAPOS paper contains errors and internal inconsistencies. Through highly selective reference choices, it misrepresents the great body of evidence from the literature that supports a relationship between visual and perceptual problems as they contribute to classroom difficulties.". The author also states that the Joint Statement presents an unsupported opinion by implication that Optometrists claim that vision therapy cures the learning problem.  A similar criticism could be levelled at the 2004 American Academy of Ophthalmology paper which implies that vision therapy is claimed to treat "vision lost through disease processes".  There is a common theme that critics of vision therapy seem to do by placing vision therapy under the same banner with alternative therapies.  By implication, the lack of evidence for the alternative therapies is cited as a lack of evidence for vision therapy.  No supporting evidence is given that vision therapy is actually used to treat eye disease or vision lost through disease processes.

text: During the "Chaos War" storyline, the Vision is one of many deceased heroes restored to life after the events in the death realms. Vision joins with the other resurrected Avengers in their fight against Grim Reaper and Nekra. During the fight, Vision blows himself up while in battle with Grim Reaper, killing them both.

text: During the "

text: Chaos War

text: " storyline, the Vision is one of many deceased heroes restored to life after the events in the death realms. Vision joins with the other resurrected Avengers in their fight against Grim Reaper and Nekra. During the fight, Vision blows himself up while in battle with Grim Reaper, killing them both.

text: Since the method has been around since the 1950s, it has been adopted and rediscovered  by many scientific communities, especially those studying ill-posed problems. In X-ray computed tomography it is called SIRT - simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique. It has also been used in the computer vision community and the signal restoration community. It is also used in image processing, since many image problems, such as deconvolution, are ill-posed. Variants of this method have been used also in sparse approximation problems and compressed sensing settings.

text: Since the method has been around since the 1950s, it has been adopted and rediscovered  by many scientific communities, especially those studying ill-posed problems. In

text: X-ray computed tomography

text: it is called SIRT - simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique. It has also been used in the

text: computer vision

text: community and the signal restoration community. It is also used in

text: image processing

text: , since many image problems, such as

text: deconvolution

text: , are ill-posed. Variants of this method have been used also in sparse approximation problems and compressed sensing settings.

text: Throughout someone's life, they are constantly learning while using their senses. An important factor in sensory integration is perception. There are three steps on how perception is created. First is sensation, when as individuals, we capture the energies from our environment and push them onto our orifices and rubbing against our skin, forming brain friendly electrical language.  Second is routing, when the sensation is translated into head-speak and sent off to the appropriate regions of the brain for further processing.  Third the perception formed, when the various senses merge and sent to the brain.  However, no scientist is entirely sure how brain perception works. Although Medina did arrive to this conclusion: the sensory information absorbed in an event through our sense translates into electrical signals, dispersing in different parts of the brain, perceiving the event as a whole.  This can be concluded with the majority of scientists. Furthermore, Medina states the brain relies on past experiences to decide how to combine these signals.  Thus two people can perceive the same event in very different ways. Next, all the senses have evolved over time to work together. For example, an individual’s vision influences their hearing-which implies that learning is at its best when stimulated with several senses at once. In addition, Medina explains that the sense of smell has the gift of bringing back memories.  He theorized that the sense of smell bypasses the thalamus and heads straight its destination, which includes the site of emotions known at the amygdala.  Having this in mind, Medina's dream school setting would incorporate multiple senses in a school setting and the specific scents in a work/business setting, thus enhancing your level of learning.

text: thalamus

text: and heads straight its destination, which includes the site of emotions known at the amygdala.  Having this in mind, Medina's dream school setting would incorporate multiple senses in a school setting and the specific scents in a work/business setting, thus enhancing your level of learning.

text: The scientist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) carried out experiments in visual perception and the other senses, including variations in sensitivity, sensation of touch, perception of colors, perception of darkness, the psychological explanation of the moon illusion, and binocular vision. Al-Biruni also employed such experimental methods in examining reaction time.

text: The

text: scientist

text: Ibn al-Haytham

text: (Alhazen) carried out

text: experiment

text: s in

text: visual perception

text: and the other

text: senses

text: , including variations in

text: sensitivity

text: , sensation of

text: touch

text: perception

text: of colors, perception of

text: darkness

text: , the psychological explanation of the

text: moon illusion

text: , and

text: binocular vision

text: Al-Biruni

text: also employed such experimental methods in examining

text: reaction time

text: In order to open their wings, extant species of Forficulina use their cerci because their wings fold into a "package" due to internal elasticity. While Asiodiplatys speciousus had such a wing package, like other earwigs in the Archidermaptera suborder, they also had long segmented cerci, as mentioned above. This means that the unsegmented cerci of extant species of Forficulina is probably not an adaptation for wing folding. Instead, it is likely that the cerci of Asiodiplatys speciousus served a function similar to that of an insect's antennae: a sense of touch.

text: In order to open their wings, extant species of

text: Forficulina

text: use their cerci because their wings fold into a "package" due to internal elasticity. While Asiodiplatys speciousus had such a wing package, like other earwigs in the

text: Archidermaptera

text: suborder, they also had long segmented cerci, as mentioned above. This means that the unsegmented cerci of extant species of

text: Forficulina

text: is probably not an adaptation for wing folding. Instead, it is likely that the cerci of Asiodiplatys speciousus served a function similar to that of an insect's antennae: a sense of touch.

text: Many people think that beauty is subjective, that it is "in the eye of the beholder." They would claim there are really no objective facts about what is and is not beautiful, only facts about what people prefer. Because of the close analogies between the moral and the aesthetic sense, parity of reasoning suggests that we should see the difference between right and wrong as also being merely in the eye of the beholder. Though ethical intuitionists insist on the analogy, they equally insist that the facts about right and wrong are perfectly objective. How can they have it both ways?

text: The five objects of sense are related to ear, skin, eye, tongue, nose. The related support system consists of the mouth to speak, hands to lift, feet to walk, tongue for tasting, nose for smelling, Apana for excretion, and the genitals for sexual enjoyment. The body discriminates and knows by Buddhi (intellect), fancies and thinks through Manas (mind) and speaks with speech. There are five tastes, representing food it needs for development, and these are sweet, saline, bitter, pungent and astringent.

text: Dr. Kare taught physiology at Cornell University, North Carolina State University and the University of Pennsylvania. Although his early research focused on muscle biochemistry and metabolism, he became increasingly interested in the senses of taste and smell and how these senses contribute to nutrition and food choice across species.  Kare is best remembered for founding the Monell Chemical Senses Center, a multidisciplinary basic research institute devoted to the science of taste and smell, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He served as the Center’s first Director from 1968 until his death in 1990, at which point Dr. Gary Beauchamp took over.

text: Dr. Kare taught physiology at Cornell University,

text: North Carolina State University

text: and the

text: University of Pennsylvania

text: . Although his early research focused on

text: muscle

text: biochemistry

text: and

text: metabolism

text: , he became increasingly interested in the senses of taste and smell and how these senses contribute to nutrition and food choice across species.  Kare is best remembered for founding the

text: Monell Chemical Senses Center

text: , a multidisciplinary basic research institute devoted to the science of taste and smell, located in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: . He served as the Center’s first Director from 1968 until his death in 1990, at which point Dr.

text: Gary Beauchamp

text: took over.

text: When the additional facts are in dispute, the party relying on the fact has the burden to prove it. The general standard of proof at a sentencing hearing is a "balance of probabilities". If the Crown, however, is relying on an aggravating fact or a prior conviction, the burden of proof is "beyond a reasonable doubt".

text: In some elderly people, senses vital to safe driving, such as vision and hearing, decrease to the point that driving safety is compromised. Those whose vision is impaired may continue to be able to drive safely during daylight, but may have difficulty driving at night. In some persons, corrective lenses may improve the ability of the individual to safely operate a motor vehicle.

text: In some elderly people, senses vital to safe driving, such as

text: vision

text: and

text: hearing

text: , decrease to the point that driving safety is compromised. Those whose vision is impaired may continue to be able to drive safely during daylight, but may have difficulty driving at night. In some persons,

text: corrective lens

text: es may improve the ability of the individual to safely operate a motor vehicle.

text: In 1992, Williams published her first book, an autobiographical account titled Nobody Nowhere: The Extraordinary Autobiography of an Autistic Girl (Doubleday, London). It was an international best seller including spending fifteen weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list for adult non-fiction in 1993. It was short-listed for the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards for non-fiction in 1992. According to Kirkus Reviews the book enabled people associated with autistic individuals, to "understand more clearly what those unresponsive 'dead eyes' see". While Daniel Goleman of The New York Times described how Williams "originally wrote it as a series of notes to herself, to help her make sense of her own chaotic world. She planned to burn her journal until a therapist helped her see the value in sharing it".

text: In 1992, Williams published her first book, an

text: autobiographical

text: account titled

text: Nobody Nowhere: The Extraordinary Autobiography of an Autistic Girl

text: Doubleday

text: , London). It was an international best seller including spending fifteen weeks on

text: The New York Times Best Seller list

text: for adult non-fiction in 1993. It was short-listed for the

entity_name: New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards

text: New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards

text: for non-fiction in 1992. According to

text: Kirkus Reviews

text: the book enabled people associated with autistic individuals, to "understand more clearly what those unresponsive 'dead eyes' see". While Daniel Goleman of

text: The New York Times

text: described how Williams "originally wrote it as a series of notes to herself, to help her make sense of her own chaotic world. She planned to burn her journal until a therapist helped her see the value in sharing it".

text: Agamotto, a powerful mystic being and one of Doctor Strange's three Vishanti, is said to have used the Eye during his time as Sorcerer Supreme of the Earth dimension. The Eye's origins are currently unknown, but there are theories of how it came into existence.  Some believe that it was discovered by Agamotto among the seas and stars, where it had drifted for ages.  Others claim that it was created by Agamotto himself, which makes sense when the Eye's powers are compared to those of "the All-Seeing."

text: Agamotto, a powerful mystic being and one of Doctor Strange's three

text: Vishanti

text: , is said to have used the Eye during his time as

text: Sorcerer Supreme

text: of the Earth dimension. The Eye's origins are currently unknown, but there are theories of how it came into existence.  Some believe that it was discovered by Agamotto among the seas and stars, where it had drifted for ages.  Others claim that it was created by Agamotto himself, which makes sense when the Eye's powers are compared to those of "the All-Seeing."

text: These mental processes occur subconsciously and utilize information from peripheral vision; this may contribute to the sensation that a "sixth sense" alerted the person being gazed upon.

text: These mental processes occur

text: subconscious

text: ly and utilize information from

text: peripheral vision

text: ; this may contribute to the sensation that a "

text: sixth sense

text: " alerted the person being gazed upon.

text: Consideration of how eye movements in reading are controlled exposes a problem with this account.  Visual acuity is restricted, so the question of how the eyes can be selectively and accurately directed to particular words arises.  When the target is so visually degraded as to be virtually invisible, how is this achieved?  Furthermore, if the target of such reinspections is the point where a faulty attachment was made, does this not imply that the reader was, in some sense, already aware of the potential problem?

text: Consideration of how

text: eye movements

text: in

text: reading

text: are controlled exposes a problem with this account.

text: Visual acuity

text: is restricted, so the question of how the eyes can be selectively and accurately directed to particular words arises.  When the target is so visually degraded as to be virtually invisible, how is this achieved?  Furthermore, if the target of such reinspections is the point where a faulty attachment was made, does this not imply that the reader was, in some sense, already aware of the potential problem?

text: is a standard problem in compressed sensing. However,

text: The fourth reveal on 7 January was that of Nina and the NeuronsBased around the popular show which sees Nina, with the help of her animated sense Neurons, explain how and why the world around us works as it does. Nina's Science Lab will bring together the Neurons to show how they control your five senses. In a hands-on scientific attraction, children will learn how their bodies work and what they do.

text: The fourth reveal on 7 January was that of

text: Nina and the Neurons

text: Based around the popular show which sees Nina, with the help of her animated sense Neurons, explain how and why the world around us works as it does. Nina's Science Lab will bring together the Neurons to show how they control your five senses. In a hands-on scientific attraction, children will learn how their bodies work and what they do.

text: Kravkov is one of the founders of physiological optics, a scientific discipline representing a synthesis of knowledge about physiological, psychical and psychological regularities that characterize the function of the eyesight organ. He studied the regularities of the functioning of the vision system, central regulation of vision functions, interaction of senses organs, electrophysiology of vision, investigated colour vision and the hygienics of lightning.

text: Verification-based message-passing algorithms (VB-MPAs) in compressed sensing (CS), a branch of digital signal processing that deals with measuring sparse signals, are some methods to efficiently solve the recovery problem in compressed sensing. One of the main goal in compressed sensing is the recovery process. Generally speaking, recovery process in compressed sensing is a method by which the original signal is estimated using the knowledge of the compressed signal and the measurement matrix. Mathematically, the recovery process in Compressed Sensing is finding the sparsest possible solution of an under-determined system of linear equations. Based on the nature of the measurement matrix one can employ different reconstruction methods. If the measurement matrix is also sparse, one efficient way is to use Message Passing Algorithms for signal recovery. Although there are message passing approaches that deals with dense matrices, the nature of those algorithms are to some extent different from the algorithms working on sparse matrices.

text: Verification-based message-passing

text: algorithms

text: (VB-MPAs) in

text: compressed sensing

text: (CS), a branch of

text: digital signal processing

text: that deals with measuring

text: sparse signals

text: , are some methods to efficiently solve the recovery problem in compressed sensing. One of the main goal in compressed sensing is the recovery process. Generally speaking, recovery process in compressed sensing is a method by which the original signal is estimated using the knowledge of the compressed signal and the measurement matrix. Mathematically, the recovery process in Compressed Sensing is finding the sparsest possible solution of an under-determined

text: system of linear equations

text: . Based on the nature of the measurement matrix one can employ different reconstruction methods. If the measurement matrix is also sparse, one efficient way is to use Message Passing Algorithms for signal recovery. Although there are message passing approaches that deals with dense matrices, the nature of those algorithms are to some extent different from the algorithms working on sparse matrices.

text: In 1982, Bailey's influence appeared in pop culture, with the release of Van Morrison's album Beautiful Vision, in which he directly referred to the teachings and the Tibetan in the lyrics of the songs "Dweller on the Threshold" and "Aryan Mist". Morrison also used the phrase "world of glamour", reminiscent of Bailey's Glamour: A World Problem, in the songs "Ivory Tower" and "Green Mansions". The song Ancient of Days from the 1984 Sense of Wonder album appears to be a reference to a Bailey concept found in such books as The Externalization of the Hierarchy. Alice A. Bailey and the Tibetan's Glamour: A World Problem is also directly cited in the liner notes to Morrison's album Inarticulate Speech of the Heart.

text: In 1982, Bailey's influence appeared in

text: pop culture

text: , with the release of

text: Van Morrison

text: 's album

text: Beautiful Vision

text: , in which he directly referred to the teachings and the Tibetan in the lyrics of the songs "

text: Dweller on the Threshold

text: " and "Aryan Mist". Morrison also used the phrase "world of glamour", reminiscent of Bailey's Glamour: A World Problem, in the songs "

text: Ivory Tower

text: " and "Green Mansions". The song

text: Ancient of Days

text: from the 1984

text: Sense of Wonder

text: album appears to be a reference to a Bailey concept found in such books as

text: The Externalization of the Hierarchy

text: . Alice A. Bailey and the Tibetan's Glamour: A World Problem is also directly cited in the liner notes to Morrison's album

text: Inarticulate Speech of the Heart

text: The crossing over of optic nerve fibres at the optic chiasm allows the visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric visual field from both eyes. Superimposing and processing these monocular visual signals allow the visual cortex to generate binocular and stereoscopic vision. For example, the right visual cortex receives the nasal visual field from the left eye, and the temporal visual field from the right eye, which results in the right visual cortex producing a binocular image of the left hemispheric visual field. The net result of optic nerve crossing over at the optic chiasm is for the right cerebral hemisphere to sense and process left hemispheric vision, and for the left cerebral hemisphere to sense and process right hemispheric vision.

text: The crossing over of optic nerve fibres at the optic chiasm allows the visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric

text: visual field

text: from both eyes. Superimposing and processing these monocular visual signals allow the visual cortex to generate

text: binocular

text: and

text: stereoscopic

text: vision. For example, the right visual cortex receives the nasal visual field from the left eye, and the temporal visual field from the right eye, which results in the right visual cortex producing a binocular image of the left hemispheric visual field. The net result of optic nerve crossing over at the optic chiasm is for the right cerebral hemisphere to sense and process left hemispheric vision, and for the left cerebral hemisphere to sense and process right hemispheric vision.

text: It is also possible to use the characterisations directly for the larger domain, though some problems may arise. (1), (2), and (4) all make sense for arbitrary Banach algebras. (3) presents a problem for complex numbers, because there are non-equivalent paths along which one could integrate, and (5) is not sufficient. For example, the function f defined (for x and y real) as

text: It is also possible to use the characterisations directly for the larger domain, though some problems may arise. (1), (2), and (4) all make sense for arbitrary

text: Banach algebra

text: s. (3) presents a problem for complex numbers, because there are non-equivalent paths along which one could integrate, and (5) is not sufficient. For example, the function f defined (for x and y real) as

text: The problem underlying the SWANCC decision arises largely from the history of some jurisdictional terms used by Congress in water-related statutes. In the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, Congress set the scope of many such statutes as the "navigable waters" of the United States. This made sense because Congress was focused on fostering waterborne commerce, and the Supreme Court had obliged by articulating a broad vision of federal power over navigation. A prominent example, and a forerunner of the CWA, was the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, particularly its section 13 known as the "Refuse Act." With the shift in emphasis in the mid-20th century from protection of navigation to protection of the environment, however, the phrase "navigable waters" was no longer a comfortable fit. Notwithstanding, Congress used "navigable waters" in 1972 when it wrote the CWA, including section 404, accommodating the broader concerns of environmental protection by defining "navigable waters" expansively to mean "waters of the United States." The question in SWANCC was whether this definition entirely removed the "navigable" qualifier from the Act, or merely limited it. The majority justices opted for the latter, and were unwilling to go beyond the erosion of this qualifier already accepted by the Court in Riverside Bayview.

text: The problem underlying the SWANCC decision arises largely from the history of some jurisdictional terms used by Congress in water-related statutes. In the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, Congress set the scope of many such statutes as the "navigable waters" of the United States. This made sense because Congress was focused on fostering waterborne commerce, and the Supreme Court had obliged by articulating a broad vision of federal power over navigation. A prominent example, and a forerunner of the CWA, was the

text: Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899

text: , particularly its section 13 known as the "Refuse Act." With the shift in emphasis in the mid-20th century from protection of navigation to protection of the environment, however, the phrase "navigable waters" was no longer a comfortable fit. Notwithstanding, Congress used "navigable waters" in 1972 when it wrote the CWA, including section 404, accommodating the broader concerns of environmental protection by defining "navigable waters" expansively to mean "waters of the United States." The question in SWANCC was whether this definition entirely removed the "navigable" qualifier from the Act, or merely limited it. The majority justices opted for the latter, and were unwilling to go beyond the erosion of this qualifier already accepted by the Court in Riverside Bayview.

text: Members of the dominant species of the planet Krypton are indistinguishable from humans in terms of their appearance; their physiology and genetics, however, are vastly different-in some continuities Kryptonians are difficult to clone because their DNA is so complex that human science is not advanced enough to decipher it. The cellular structure of Kryptonians allows for solar energy to be absorbed at extremely high levels. On the planet Krypton, whose parent star has often been depicted as an ancient red supergiant with a relatively low energy output, their natural abilities were the same as humans. When exposed to a young yellow star like Earth's Sun, which is much smaller than their own sun and with a vastly higher energy output, their bodies are able to absorb and process so much energy that it eventually manifests as vast superhuman powers (such as superhuman strength, superhuman speed, invulnerability, flight, x-ray vision, heat vision, and superhuman senses).

text: Members of the dominant species of the planet Krypton are indistinguishable from

text: human

text: s in terms of their appearance; their physiology and genetics, however, are vastly different-in some continuities Kryptonians are difficult to clone because their DNA is so complex that human science is not advanced enough to decipher it. The cellular structure of Kryptonians allows for solar energy to be absorbed at extremely high levels. On the planet Krypton,

text: whose parent star

text: has often been depicted as an ancient

text: red supergiant

text: with a relatively low energy output, their natural abilities were the same as humans. When exposed to a young yellow star like

text: Earth

text: 's

text: Sun

text: , which is much smaller than their own sun and with a vastly higher energy output, their bodies are able to absorb and process so much energy that it eventually manifests as vast superhuman powers (such as

text: superhuman strength, superhuman speed, invulnerability, flight, x-ray vision, heat vision, and superhuman senses

text: Kant then asks why we have to follow the principle of morality. He is forced to “admit that no interest impels me to do so”. He says that we clearly do “regard ourselves as free in acting and so to hold ourselves yet subject to certain laws” but wonders how this is possible. He then explains just how it is possible, by appealing to the two perspectives that we can consider ourselves under. According to Kant, human beings cannot know the ultimate structure of reality. Whilst humans experience the world as having three spatial dimensions and as being extended in time, we cannot say anything about how reality ultimately is, from a god's-eye perspective. From this god's-eye perspective the world may be nothing like the way it appears to human beings. We cannot get out of our heads and leave our human perspective on the world to know what it is like independently of our own viewpoint; we can only know about how the world appears to us, not about how the world is in itself. Kant calls the world as it appears to us from our point of view the world of sense or of appearances. The world from a god's-eye perspective is the world of things in themselves or the “world of understanding”. It is the distinction between these two perspectives that Kant appeals to in explaining how freedom is possible. Insofar as we take ourselves to be exercising our free will, Kant argues, we have to consider ourselves from the perspective of the world of understanding. It is only in the world of understanding that it makes sense to talk of free wills. In the world of appearances, everything is determined by physical laws, and there is no room for a free will to change the course of events. If you consider yourself as part of the world of appearances, then you cannot think of yourself as having a will that brings things about.

text: The community may include hearing family members of deaf people and sign-language interpreters who identify with Deaf culture. It does not automatically include all people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. As educator and American Sign Language interpreter Anna Mindess writes, "it is not the extent of hearing loss that defines a member of the deaf community but the individual's own sense of identity and resultant actions." As with all social groups that a person chooses to belong to, a person is a member of the Deaf community if he or she "identifies him/herself as a member of the Deaf community, and other members accept that person as a part of the community."

text: The community may include hearing family members of deaf people and sign-language interpreters who identify with Deaf culture. It does not automatically include all people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. As educator and

text: American Sign Language

text: interpreter Anna Mindess writes, "it is not the extent of hearing loss that defines a member of the deaf community but the individual's own sense of identity and resultant actions." As with all social groups that a person chooses to belong to, a person is a member of the Deaf community if he or she "identifies him/herself as a member of the Deaf community, and other members accept that person as a part of the community."

text: Diana left the show after episode 4 due to illness. The night before episode 5 was scheduled to be taped, she suffered a head injury, resulting in an overnight stay in A&E and a loss of her senses of taste and smell that persisted.

text: Diana left the show after episode 4 due to illness. The night before episode 5 was scheduled to be taped, she suffered a head injury, resulting in an overnight stay in

text: A&E

text: and a loss of her senses of taste and smell that persisted.

text: Saurornithoides is a member of the troodontids, a group of small, bird-like, gracile maniraptorans. All troodontids have many unique features of the skull, such as closely spaced teeth in the lower jaw, and large numbers of teeth. Troodontids have sickle-claws and raptorial hands, and some of the highest non-avian encephalization quotients, meaning they were behaviourally advanced and had keen senses. Saurornithoides was a rather small troodontid. Though a possible adult, the type specimen has a midline skull length of 189 millimetres, compared to 272 millimetres for Zanabazar junior, itself estimated at 2.3 metres long. It had large eye sockets and stereoscopic vision, allowing for good depth perception. It probably had good vision in light and very good night vision. It had a long, low head, a depressed muzzle, sharp teeth and a relatively large brain. Swift and smart, like its North American cousin Troodon, Saurornithoides probably scoured the Gobi Desert, looking for small mammals or reptiles to eat. Like other troodontids, it had an enlarged retractable claw on the second toe of each foot, that in this case was of moderate size though rather curved.

text: Saurornithoides is a member of the

text: troodontid

text: s, a group of small, bird-like,

text: gracile

text: maniraptora

text: ns. All troodontids have many unique features of the skull, such as closely spaced

text: teeth

text: in the lower jaw, and large numbers of teeth. Troodontids have sickle-claws and

text: raptor

text: ial

text: hands

text: , and some of the highest non-

text: avian

text: encephalization quotient

text: s, meaning they were behaviourally advanced and had keen senses. Saurornithoides was a rather small troodontid. Though a possible adult, the type specimen has a midline skull length of 189 millimetres, compared to 272 millimetres for Zanabazar junior, itself estimated at 2.3 metres long. It had large eye sockets and stereoscopic vision, allowing for good depth perception. It probably had good vision in light and very good night vision. It had a long, low head, a depressed muzzle, sharp teeth and a relatively large brain. Swift and smart, like its North American cousin

text: Troodon

text: , Saurornithoides probably scoured the

text: Gobi Desert

text: , looking for small mammals or reptiles to eat. Like other troodontids, it had an enlarged retractable claw on the second toe of each foot, that in this case was of moderate size though rather curved.

text: Even machine-made objects and materials proved ideal for taking the personality aspect out of the work. The choice was not linked to any deeper notion; the material is most of all ‘itself’ in all its ordinary beauty. This acceptance of reality implied that the contribution of the artist, aside from making the choice, was often reduced to a minimum. In 1960 Jan Henderikse signed Düsseldorf’s Oberkassel Bridge in whitewash; three years later he made plans to sign a HEMA shop in Amsterdam, to turn it into the biggest ready-made assemblage ever.  These are examples of radical adaptations of reality, like Armando’s 1964 installation of oil drums at the Gemeentemuseum in The Hague. According to the Nul artist, there was little you could do to improve on a piece of isolated reality in its unadulterated form. ‘Everything was beautiful’, Armando said in 1975. ‘Everything was interesting. One big eye, that’s how I felt.’ For Henk Peeters, the choice of synthetic products and plastic cut both ways. The material was free of visual signature, but it was also emphatically unpainterly and an expression of resistance against the academic establishment and the rules of the game. To undermine the retinal aspect of art, the precious and status-based object as a fetish for the eye, Peeters envisaged one more method: to bypass ‘seeing’ altogether and appeal to the sense of touch.  Peeters’s ‘tactilist’ works of cotton wool, feathers, hair pieces, nylon thread or fake fur are ‘objects of greater interest to senses other than the eye.’ Jan Schoonhoven is the only one who never ‘annexed’ objects or ready-made materials. Schoonhoven saw his reliefs as ‘spiritual reality’, as a representation of forms out of reality and therefore, in a roundabout way, fitting within the Nul idiom.  One exception to the rule was his wall of folded and stacked boxes in the Gemeentemuseum in The Hague in 1964. If we take a signatureless use of industrially produced material as a requisite, this is Schoonhoven’s only ‘pure’ Nul work – not to mention directly taken from reality, since Schoonhoven had spotted the stacked boxes in the attic of the Histor paint factory.

text: Even machine-made objects and materials proved ideal for taking the personality aspect out of the work. The choice was not linked to any deeper notion; the material is most of all ‘itself’ in all its ordinary beauty. This acceptance of reality implied that the contribution of the artist, aside from making the choice, was often reduced to a minimum. In 1960

text: Jan Henderikse

text: signed Düsseldorf’s Oberkassel Bridge in whitewash; three years later he made plans to sign a HEMA shop in Amsterdam, to turn it into the biggest ready-made assemblage ever.  These are examples of radical adaptations of reality, like

text: Armando

text: ’s 1964 installation of oil drums at the

text: Gemeentemuseum

text: in The Hague. According to the Nul artist, there was little you could do to improve on a piece of isolated reality in its unadulterated form. ‘Everything was beautiful’, Armando said in 1975. ‘Everything was interesting. One big eye, that’s how I felt.’ For

text: Henk Peeters

text: , the choice of synthetic products and plastic cut both ways. The material was free of visual signature, but it was also emphatically unpainterly and an expression of resistance against the academic establishment and the rules of the game. To undermine the retinal aspect of art, the precious and status-based object as a fetish for the eye, Peeters envisaged one more method: to bypass ‘seeing’ altogether and appeal to the sense of touch.  Peeters’s ‘tactilist’ works of cotton wool, feathers, hair pieces, nylon thread or fake fur are ‘objects of greater interest to senses other than the eye.’

text: Jan Schoonhoven

text: is the only one who never ‘annexed’ objects or ready-made materials. Schoonhoven saw his reliefs as ‘spiritual reality’, as a representation of forms out of reality and therefore, in a roundabout way, fitting within the Nul idiom.  One exception to the rule was his wall of folded and stacked boxes in the

text: Gemeentemuseum

text: in The Hague in 1964. If we take a signatureless use of industrially produced material as a requisite, this is Schoonhoven’s only ‘pure’ Nul work – not to mention directly taken from reality, since Schoonhoven had spotted the stacked boxes in the attic of the Histor paint factory.

text: Special somatic afferent (SSA) refers to afferent nerves that carry information from the special senses of vision, hearing and balance. The cranial nerves containing SSA fibers are the optic nerve (II) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). "SSA" may also stand for "special sensory afferent", but this term encompasses both special somatic and special visceral afferents.

text: Special somatic afferent (SSA) refers to

text: afferent nerves

text: that carry information from the

text: special senses

text: of

text: vision

text: hearing

text: and

text: balance

text: . The

text: cranial nerve

text: s containing SSA fibers are the

text: optic nerve

text: (II) and the

text: vestibulocochlear nerve

text: (VIII). "SSA" may also stand for "special sensory afferent", but this term encompasses both special somatic and

text: special visceral afferent

text: s.

text: Touch is the earliest sense to develop in the fetus. Human babies have been observed to have enormous difficulty surviving if they do not possess a sense of touch, even if they retain sight and hearing. Babies who can perceive through touch, even without sight and hearing, tend to fare much better.

text: According to Thayer's Greek Lexicon, the  term μυστήριον in classical Greek meant "a hidden thing", "secret". A particular meaning it took in Classical antiquity was a religious secret or religious secrets, confided only to the initiated and not to be communicated by them to ordinary mortals. In the Septuagint and the New Testament the meaning it took was that of a hidden purpose or counsel, a secret will. It is sometimes used for the hidden wills of humans, but is more often used for the hidden will of God. Elsewhere in the Bible it takes the meaning of  the mystic or hidden sense of things. It is used for the secrets behind sayings, names, or behind images seen in visions and dreams. The Vulgate often translates the Greek term to the Latin ''sacramentum'' (sacrament).

text: According to Thayer's Greek Lexicon, the  term μυστήριον in classical Greek meant "a hidden thing", "secret". A particular meaning it took in

text: Classical antiquity

text: was a religious secret or religious secrets, confided only to the initiated and not to be communicated by them to ordinary mortals. In the

text: Septuagint

text: and the New Testament the meaning it took was that of a hidden purpose or counsel, a secret will. It is sometimes used for the hidden wills of humans, but is more often used for the hidden will of God. Elsewhere in the Bible it takes the meaning of  the mystic or hidden sense of things. It is used for the secrets behind sayings, names, or behind images seen in visions and dreams. The

text: Vulgate

text: often translates the Greek term to the Latin ''sacramentum'' (

text: sacrament

text: Annie Dillard, a prominent critic of transcendentalism, suggests a rather different kind of observer—one conscious of their own embodiment, of a "particularity" in space and time, of subjectivity, of the constructiveness, the "falseness" of vision.  Dillard’s vision is different from Emerson’s because she is conscious of her presence, so she can pay attention to the “falseness” of vision. In this sense, it is safer not to attain nor aim for the transparent eyeball ideal, because vision is limited, and one should “not stalk the truth” of the places where it could be seen.

text: Annie Dillard

text: , a prominent critic of

text: transcendentalism

text: , suggests a rather different kind of observer—one conscious of their own embodiment, of a "particularity" in space and time, of

text: subjectivity

text: , of the

text: constructiveness

text: , the "falseness" of vision.  Dillard’s vision is different from Emerson’s because she is conscious of her presence, so she can pay attention to the “falseness” of vision. In this sense, it is safer not to attain nor aim for the transparent eyeball ideal, because vision is limited, and one should “not stalk the truth” of the places where it could be seen.

text: Child Identity is in its general sense self-awareness and other-awareness; how much child knows about his likes and dislikes, his beliefs about who he is and what he thinks his capabilities are. Identity is one of key part of child's development. As child's sense of self develops, so does her ability to be successful in school and in social relationships. Just as self-esteem is how he feels about himself, identity is how he thinks about herself. A child with a strong sense of identity might state, “I am a short person, I like pizza, and I am funny.” [9]Relationships with family members, other adults and children, friends and members of his community play a key role in building child identity. Child Identity includes many questions such as problems of gender identity, cultural identity, social identity, national identity and others forms of identities. ( 1)

text: Child Identity is in its general sense self-awareness and other-awareness; how much child knows about his likes and dislikes, his beliefs about who he is and what he thinks his capabilities are. Identity is one of key part of child's development. As child's sense of self develops, so does her ability to be successful in school and in social relationships. Just as self-esteem is how he feels about himself, identity is how he thinks about herself. A child with a strong sense of identity might state, “I am a short person, I like pizza, and I am funny.” [9]Relationships with family members, other adults and children, friends and members of his community play a key role in building child identity. Child Identity includes many questions such as problems of

text: gender identity

text: cultural identity

text: social identity

text: national identity

text: and others forms of identities. ( 1)

text: Gaudí's work is normally classed as modernista, and it belongs to this movement because of its eagerness to renovate without breaking with tradition, its quest for modernity, the ornamental sense applied to works, and the multidisciplinary character of its undertakings, where craftsmanship plays a central role. To this, Gaudí adds a dose of the baroque, adopts technical advances and continues to use traditional architectural language. Together with his inspiration from nature and the original touch of his works, this amalgam gives his works their personal and unique character in the history of architecture.

text: Gaudí's work is normally classed as

text: modernista

text: , and it belongs to this movement because of its eagerness to renovate without breaking with tradition, its quest for modernity, the ornamental sense applied to works, and the multidisciplinary character of its undertakings, where craftsmanship plays a central role. To this, Gaudí adds a dose of the baroque, adopts technical advances and continues to use traditional architectural language. Together with his inspiration from nature and the original touch of his works, this amalgam gives his works their personal and unique character in the history of architecture.

text: Chemical senses include the use of chemoreceptors, related to taste and smell, affecting mating, habitat selection, feeding and parasite-host relationships. Taste is usually located on the mouthparts of the insect but in some insects, such as bees, wasps and ants, taste organs can also be found on the antennae. Taste organs can also be found on the tarsi of moths, butterflies and flies. Olfactory sensilla enable insects to smell and are usually found in the antennae. Chemoreceptor sensitivity related to smell in some substances, is very high and some insects can detect particular odours that are at low concentrations miles from their original source.

text: Chemical senses include the use of

text: chemoreceptors

text: , related to taste and smell, affecting mating, habitat selection, feeding and parasite-host relationships. Taste is usually located on the mouthparts of the insect but in some insects, such as

text: bees

text: wasps

text: and

text: ants

text: , taste organs can also be found on the antennae. Taste organs can also be found on the

text: tarsi

text: of

text: moths

text: butterflies

text: and

text: flies

text: Olfactory

text: sensilla

text: enable insects to smell and are usually found in the antennae. Chemoreceptor sensitivity related to smell in some substances, is very high and some insects can detect particular odours that are at low concentrations miles from their original source.

text: Hearing is an important sensory system for most species of fish. Fish sense sound using their lateral lines and their ears.

text: Hearing

text: is an important sensory system for most species of fish. Fish sense sound using their

text: lateral line

text: s and their

text: ears

text: s),however it can be used in vaporisers, turnedinto a tea, or used as an ingredient in foods as an edible. The THC in marijuana is responsible forchanging how the brain works, by distorting how the mind perceives the worldand making the heart beat faster. In particular marijuana is used to heighten perception, affect mood, and feelrelaxed: it alters senses, sense of time, changes in mood, impaired bodymovement (coordination), difficultly in thinking (judgment), and impairedmemory.

text: Creating and implementing vision statements presents challenges to organizations.  They can be challenging to write because they must balance being forward-looking and describing an ideal state without becoming so idealistic that the vision is unattainable. Vision statements can be an employee dissatisfier when staff feel the company's vision is filled with business buzzwords unrelated to the company's services or when the vision does not match day-to-day company policy; for example, a vision statement that includes root cause problem solving while managers are rewarded for fixing problems quickly rather than resolving systemic issues. A vision statement may need to be paired with company initiatives to communicate and reinforce the vision, ensure processes align with the vision, and empower and incentivize employees to take actions that support the company vision.

text: Creating and implementing vision statements presents challenges to organizations.  They can be challenging to write because they must balance being forward-looking and describing an ideal state without becoming so idealistic that the vision is unattainable. Vision statements can be an employee dissatisfier when staff feel the company's vision is filled with business

text: buzzword

text: s unrelated to the company's services or when the vision does not match day-to-day company policy; for example, a vision statement that includes root cause problem solving while managers are rewarded for fixing problems quickly rather than resolving systemic issues. A vision statement may need to be paired with company initiatives to communicate and reinforce the vision, ensure processes align with the vision, and empower and incentivize employees to take actions that support the company vision.

text: One of White's most well-known graduate students was Mark Granovetter, who attended Harvard as a phd student from 1965 to 1970. Granovetter studied how people got jobs, discovered they were more likely to get them through acquaintances than through friends. Recounting the development of his widely cited 1973 article, The Strength of Weak Ties, Granovetter credits White's lectures and specifically White's description of sociometric work by Anatol Rapaport and William Horrath that gave him the idea. This, tied with earlier work by Stanley Milgram (who was also in the Harvard Department of Social Relations 1963-1967, though not one of White’s students), gave scientists a better sense of how the social world was organized: into many dense groups with “weak ties” between them. Granovetter's work provided the theoretical background for Malcolm Gladwell's the Tipping Point. This line of research is still actively being pursued by Duncan Watts, Albert-László Barabási, Mark Newman, Jon Kleinberg and others.

text: One of White's most well-known graduate students was

text: Mark Granovetter

text: , who attended Harvard as a phd student from 1965 to 1970. Granovetter studied how people got jobs, discovered they were more likely to get them through acquaintances than through friends. Recounting the development of his widely cited 1973 article, The Strength of Weak Ties, Granovetter credits White's lectures and specifically White's description of sociometric work by Anatol Rapaport and William Horrath that gave him the idea. This, tied with earlier work by

text: Stanley Milgram

text: (who was also in the

text: Harvard Department of Social Relations

text: 1963-1967, though not one of White’s students), gave scientists a better sense of how the social world was organized: into many dense

text: groups

text: with “

text: weak ties

text: ” between them. Granovetter's work provided the theoretical background for

text: Malcolm Gladwell's

text: the Tipping Point. This line of research is still actively being pursued by

text: Duncan Watts

text: Albert-László Barabási

text: Mark Newman

text: Jon Kleinberg

text: and others.

text: The dog's senses include vision, hearing, sense of smell, taste, touch and sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field.

text: The unsteadiness with eyes closed (sensory ataxia), relates to loss of sense of position in the legs and feet that are normally compensated for by the patient who uses vision to provide that information. But when the eyes are closed or in the dark, the loss of sense of position causes unsteadiness and sometimes falls, as Romberg described.

text: The unsteadiness with eyes closed (

text: sensory ataxia

text: ), relates to loss of sense of position in the legs and feet that are normally compensated for by the patient who uses vision to provide that information. But when the eyes are closed or in the dark, the loss of sense of position causes unsteadiness and sometimes falls, as Romberg described.

text: Sense About Science publishes guides to different areas of science in partnership with experts. These include: Making Sense of Uncertainty, Making Sense of Allergies, Making Sense of Drug Safety Science, Making Sense of Crime, Making Sense of Statistics, Making Sense of Screening and Making Sense of GM.

text: Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form, but are always made of one or more jointed segments. While they are typically sensory organs, the exact nature of what they sense and how they sense it is not the same in all groups. Functions may variously include sensing touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or taste. Antennae are sometimes modified for other purposes, such as mating, brooding, swimming, and even anchoring the arthropod to a substrate.

text: Antennae are connected to the first one or two

text: segments

text: of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form, but are always made of one or more jointed segments. While they are typically sensory organs, the exact nature of what they sense and how they sense it is not the same in all groups. Functions may variously include sensing

text: touch

text: , air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially

text: smell

text: or

text: taste

text: . Antennae are sometimes modified for other purposes, such as mating, brooding, swimming, and even anchoring the arthropod to a substrate.

text: How "Elegant" works: In place of an outer "Euclid loop", "Elegant" shifts back and forth between two "co-loops", an A > B loop that computes A ← A − B, and a B ≤ A loop that computes B ← B − A. This works because, when at last the minuend M is less than or equal to the subtrahend S ( Difference = Minuend − Subtrahend), the minuend can become s (the new measuring length) and the subtrahend can become the new r (the length to be measured); in other words the "sense" of the subtraction reverses.

text: Previous research has shown that people with one eye have enhanced spatial vision, implying that vision in the remaining working eye compensates for the loss of the simultaneous use of both eyes. Furthermore, individuals who have lost the ability to use one sensory system develop an enhanced ability in the use of the remaining senses. It is thought that intact sensory systems may adapt and compensate for the loss of one of the senses. However, little is known about cross-sensory adaption in cases of developmental partial sensory deprivation, such as monocular enucleation, where individuals have one eye surgically removed early in life. In an experiment, Moro and Steeves tested whether participants with one eye showed the Colavita visual dominance effect, and compared their performance to binocular viewers (use of both eyes) and monocular (eye-patched) control participants. In their experiment, Moro and Steeves used a stimulus detection and discrimination task, which had three conditions: unimodal visual targets, unimodal auditory targets, and bimodal (visual and auditory presented together) targets. The binocular and monocular participants both displayed the Colavita visual dominance effect; however the monocular enucleation group did not. Moro and Steeves demonstrated that people with one eye show equivalent auditory and visual processing, compared with binocular and monocular viewing controls, when asked to discriminate between audio, visual, and bimodal stimuli.

text: As a co-educational high school catering for students from Years 7 to 12, the school aims to provide a balanced educational program in a caring and happy environment. It strives to promote an atmosphere of mutual respect, co-operation and consideration in which students can increasingly develop a sense of personal responsibility.

text: Zytronic touch sensor products employ an embedded sensing element and are based on projected capacitive technology. The PCT sensing mechanism that forms the basis of Zytronic’s touch sensors consists of a matrix of micro-fine copper capacitors embedded into a durable laminated glass composite. A special feature of this technology is its ability to operate through a thick protective overlay. As a result the touch display can be completely protected from external factors and has a far greater resistance to rough treatment of all forms – abrasion, shock, vibration, extreme heat levels, adverse weather conditions and exposure to harmful chemicals in contrast with other traditional touch sensing techniques, such as optical, acoustic, capacitive, infra-red or resistive screens.

text: Zytronic touch sensor products employ an embedded sensing element and are based on projected capacitive technology. The PCT sensing mechanism that forms the basis of Zytronic’s touch sensors consists of a matrix of micro-fine copper

text: capacitors

text: embedded into a durable laminated glass composite. A special feature of this technology is its ability to operate through a thick protective overlay. As a result the

text: touch display

text: can be completely protected from external factors and has a far greater resistance to rough treatment of all forms – abrasion, shock, vibration, extreme heat levels, adverse weather conditions and exposure to harmful chemicals in contrast with other traditional touch sensing techniques, such as optical, acoustic, capacitive, infra-red or resistive screens.

text: In 2001, the band started writing and recording the new album, titled "Send Me An Angel", that was released in January 2002. At the end of the same year, Olaf decided to leave Labyrinth, to focus just on Vision and also deciding to stop any rumours from some magazine, pretending to consider Vision as nothing but a "side project". For the same reason Andrew and Mat split from the band and were replaced by Oleg Smirnoff at keyboards (ex Eldritch) and Matteo Amoroso at drums (ex Athena). In 2003 the band started the songwriting for the third album, when Fabio started having some problem regarding the co-existence of his career and Vision Divine related duties. After a few months, they mutually agreed to split. They then proceeded to add new singer Michele Luppi, a vocalist with a previous experience in live performances. With this new line-up they completed the final songs for the album that was to be titled "Stream of Consciousness". The album was released in April 2004.

text: In 2001, the band started writing and recording the new album, titled "Send Me An Angel", that was released in January 2002. At the end of the same year, Olaf decided to leave Labyrinth, to focus just on Vision and also deciding to stop any rumours from some magazine, pretending to consider Vision as nothing but a "side project". For the same reason Andrew and Mat split from the band and were replaced by Oleg Smirnoff at keyboards (ex

text: Eldritch

text: ) and Matteo Amoroso at drums (ex

text: Athena

text: ). In 2003 the band started the songwriting for the third album, when Fabio started having some problem regarding the co-existence of his career and Vision Divine related duties. After a few months, they mutually agreed to split. They then proceeded to add new singer Michele Luppi, a vocalist with a previous experience in live performances. With this new line-up they completed the final songs for the album that was to be titled "

text: Stream of Consciousness

text: ". The album was released in April 2004.

text: Virtual sensing techniques, also called soft sensing, proxy sensing, inferential sensing, or surrogate sensing, are used to provide feasible and economical alternatives to costly or impractical physical measurement instrument. A virtual sensing system uses information available from other measurements and process parameters to calculate an estimate of the quantity of interest.

text: Virtual sensing techniques, also called

text: soft sensing

text: , proxy sensing, inferential sensing, or surrogate sensing, are used to provide feasible and economical alternatives to costly or impractical physical

text: measurement instrument

text: . A virtual sensing system uses information available from other measurements and process parameters to calculate an estimate of the quantity of interest.

text: In the special case where the data is a dense 3D map of geometric points, the projection geometry of the sensing technique can be used to dramatically simplify the search problem.This approach requires that the 3D data is organized by a projection to a two dimensional grid and assumes that the data is spatially smooth across neighboring grid cells with the exception of object boundaries. These assumptions are valid when dealing with 3D sensor data in applications such as surveying, robotics and stereo vision but may not hold for unorganized data in general.In practice this technique has an average search time of O(1)  or O(K)  for the k-nearest neighbor problem when applied to real world stereo vision data.

text: in the same sense).

text: in the same sense).

text: The main sense of barnacles appears to be touch, with the hairs on the limbs being especially sensitive. The adult also has a single eye, although this is probably only capable of sensing the difference between light and dark. This eye is derived from the primary naupliar eye.

text: The main sense of barnacles appears to be touch, with the hairs on the limbs being especially sensitive. The adult also has a single eye, although this is probably only capable of sensing the difference between light and dark. This eye is derived from the primary

text: naupliar eye

text: Here, domains act as modules, each with a particular and independent function, that can be mixed together to produce genes encoding new proteins with novel properties. For example, the human eye uses four genes to make structures that sense light: three for color vision and one for night vision; all four arose from a single ancestral gene. Another advantage of duplicating a gene (or even an entire genome) is that this increases redundancy; this allows one gene in the pair to acquire a new function while the other copy performs the original function. Other types of mutation occasionally create new genes from previously noncoding DNA.

text: Here,

text: domains

text: act as modules, each with a particular and independent function, that can be mixed together to produce genes encoding new proteins with novel properties. For example, the human eye uses four genes to make structures that sense light: three for

text: color vision

text: and one for

text: night vision

text: ; all four arose from a single ancestral gene. Another advantage of duplicating a gene (or even an

text: entire genome

text: ) is that this increases

text: redundancy

text: ; this allows one gene in the pair to acquire a new function while the other copy performs the original function. Other types of mutation occasionally create new genes from previously noncoding DNA.

text: Whales are not thought to have a good sense of taste, as their taste buds are atrophied or missing altogether.  However, some toothed whales have preferences between different kinds of fish, indicating some sort of attachment to taste. The presence of the Jacobson's organ indicates that whales can smell food once inside their mouth, which might be similar to the sensation of taste.

text: In common with other box jellyfish, C. fleckeri has four eye-clusters with 24 eyes. Some of these eyes seem capable of forming images, but whether they exhibit any object recognition or object tracking is debated; it is also unknown how they process information from their sense of touch and eye-like light-detecting structures due to their lack of a central nervous system. During a series of tests by marine biologists including Australian jellyfish expert Jamie Seymour, a single jellyfish was put in a tank. Then, two white poles were lowered into the tank. The creature appeared unable to see them and swam straight into them, thus knocking them over. Then, similar black poles were placed into the tank. This time, the jellyfish seemed aware of them, and swam around them in a figure-eight. Finally, to see if the specimen could see colour, a single red pole was stood in the tank. When the jellyfish apparently became aware of the object in its tank, it was seemingly repelled by it and remained at the far edge of the tank. Following these experiments, the Australian researchers put forward the idea of red safety nets for beaches (these nets are usually used to keep the jellyfish away, but many still get through its mesh). The test was repeated, with similar results, on Irukandji jellyfish, another toxic species of box jelly.

text: In common with other box jellyfish, C. fleckeri has four eye-clusters with 24 eyes. Some of these eyes seem capable of forming images, but whether they exhibit any object recognition or object tracking is debated; it is also unknown how they process information from their sense of touch and eye-like light-detecting structures due to their lack of a

text: central nervous system

text: . During a series of tests by marine biologists including Australian jellyfish expert

text: Jamie Seymour

text: , a single jellyfish was put in a tank. Then, two white poles were lowered into the tank. The creature appeared unable to see them and swam straight into them, thus knocking them over. Then, similar black poles were placed into the tank. This time, the jellyfish seemed aware of them, and swam around them in a figure-eight. Finally, to see if the specimen could see colour, a single red pole was stood in the tank. When the jellyfish apparently became aware of the object in its tank, it was seemingly repelled by it and remained at the far edge of the tank. Following these experiments, the Australian researchers put forward the idea of red safety nets for beaches (these nets are usually used to keep the jellyfish away, but many still get through its mesh). The test was repeated, with similar results, on

text: Irukandji jellyfish

text: , another toxic species of box jelly.

text: A touch user interface (TUI) is a computer-pointing technology based upon the sense of touch (haptics). Whereas a graphical user interface (GUI) relies upon the sense of sight, a TUI enables not only the sense of touch to innervate and activate computer-based functions, it also allows the user, particularly those with visual impairments, an added level of interaction based upon tactile or Braille input.

text: A touch user interface (TUI) is a computer-pointing technology based upon the sense of touch (

text: haptics

text: ). Whereas a

text: graphical user interface

text: (GUI) relies upon the sense of

text: sight

text: , a TUI enables not only the sense of touch to innervate and activate computer-based functions, it also allows the user, particularly those with

text: visual impairment

text: s, an added level of interaction based upon tactile or

text: Braille

text: input.

text: In response, "Conde McGinley of Common Sense urged the committee to hold a public hearing and 'if we cannot prove our statements we'll be very willing to cease publication'."

text: While touch (also called tactile or tactual perception) is considered one of the five traditional senses, the impression of touch is formed from several modalities. In medicine, the colloquial term "touch" is usually replaced with "somatic senses" to better reflect the variety of mechanisms involved.

text: Through doing eyes exercise by massaging acupoint, not only our eyes have timely rest from daily work and academic assignments, but it also helps to accelerate the blood circulation and bring nutrition to nerve. Doing eye exercises regularly contributes to protection of eyesight and prevention of short-sighted cases, especially among the children and teenagers.

text: Through doing eyes exercise by massaging

text: acupoint

text: , not only our eyes have timely rest from daily work and academic assignments, but it also helps to accelerate the blood circulation and bring nutrition to nerve. Doing eye exercises regularly contributes to protection of eyesight and prevention of short-sighted cases, especially among the children and teenagers.

text: Along with proprioception and vestibular function, the visual system plays an important role in the ability of an individual to control balance and maintain an upright posture.  When these three conditions are isolated and balance is tested, it has been found that vision is the most significant contributor to balance, playing a bigger role than either of the two other intrinsic mechanisms. The clarity with which an individual can see his environment, as well as the size of the visual field, the susceptibility of the individual to light and glare, and poor depth perception play important roles in providing a feedback loop to the brain on the body's movement through the environment.  Anything that affects any of these variables can have a negative effect on balance and maintaining posture. This effect has been seen in research involving elderly subjects when compared to young controls, in glaucoma patients compared to age matched controls, cataract  patients pre and post surgery, and even something as simple as wearing safety goggles. Monocular vision (one eyed vision) has also been shown to negatively impact balance, which was seen in the previously referenced cataract and glaucoma studies, as well as in healthy children and adults.

text: Along with

text: proprioception

text: and

text: vestibular function

text: , the visual system plays an important role in the ability of an individual to control balance and maintain an upright posture.  When these three conditions are isolated and balance is tested, it has been found that vision is the most significant contributor to balance, playing a bigger role than either of the two other intrinsic mechanisms. The clarity with which an individual can see his environment, as well as the size of the visual field, the susceptibility of the individual to light and glare, and poor depth perception play important roles in providing a feedback loop to the brain on the body's movement through the environment.  Anything that affects any of these variables can have a negative effect on balance and maintaining posture. This effect has been seen in research involving elderly subjects when compared to young controls, in

text: glaucoma

text: patients compared to age matched controls,

text: cataract

text: patients pre and post surgery, and even something as simple as wearing safety goggles.

text: Monocular vision

text: (one eyed vision) has also been shown to negatively impact balance, which was seen in the previously referenced cataract and glaucoma studies, as well as in healthy children and adults.

text: Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to a fair trial, an 'implied' right stemming from the 'equality of arms', that hearings should be adversarial and both parties should have access to the same evidence and witnesses. The European Court of Human Rights has held that Article 6 (especially the 'implied' rights) is not an absolute right and that measures restricting the rights of the defense so as to safeguard an important public interest are lawful if "strictly necessary".On 22 November 2012, by margins of over 100 votes, peers voted to remove ministers’ exclusive right to apply for secret hearings, as a ‘tilting of the balance away from the free individual towards the interest of the state’, and give judges the discretion in deciding on secret court hearings. Lord Wallace of Tankerness, representing the Government in rejecting the Lords concerns said that “at present people assumed the Government settled controversial cases because there had been ‘some wrongdoing’ whereas in fact it was often that relevant material could not be put before the court”.

text: Article 6 of the

text: European Convention on Human Rights

text: protects the right to a fair trial, an 'implied' right stemming from the 'equality of arms', that hearings should be adversarial and both parties should have access to the same evidence and witnesses. The

text: European Court of Human Rights

text: has held that Article 6 (especially the 'implied' rights) is not an absolute right and that measures restricting the rights of the defense so as to safeguard an important public interest are lawful if "strictly necessary".On 22 November 2012, by margins of over 100 votes, peers voted to remove ministers’ exclusive right to apply for secret hearings, as a ‘tilting of the balance away from the free individual towards the interest of the state’, and give judges the discretion in deciding on secret court hearings. Lord Wallace of Tankerness, representing the Government in rejecting the Lords concerns said that “at present people assumed the Government settled controversial cases because there had been ‘some wrongdoing’ whereas in fact it was often that relevant material could not be put before the court”.

text: The Vision is described as being "...every inch a human being—except that all of his bodily organs are constructed of synthetic materials." The Solar Jewel on the Vision's forehead absorbs ambient solar energy to provide the needed power for him to function, and he is also capable of discharging this energy as optic beams; with this, he can fire beams of infrared and microwave radiation. In extreme cases he can discharge this same power through the Solar Jewel itself which amplifies its destructive effects considerably, albeit at the cost of losing most of his resources. By interfacing with an unknown dimension to which he can shunt and from which he can accrue mass, thus becoming either intangible or extraordinarily massive, the Vision can change his density, which at its lowest allows flight and a ghostly, phasing intangibility, and at its heaviest, a density ten times greater than that of depleted uranium, which gives him superhuman strength, immovability, and a diamond-hard near invulnerability. On one occasion, the Vision uses this extreme density to render unconscious the villain Count Nefaria; at other times, he thrusts an intangible hand into them and then partially re-materializes it, a process he describes as "physical disruption." This effect typically causes great pain and results in incapacitation, as when used against the Earth-712 version of the hero Hyperion. Being an artificial life-form/android of sorts, the Vision has superhuman senses, superhuman stamina, reflexes, speed, agility, strength (even without being at high density), superhuman analytical capabilities, and the ability to process information and make calculations with superhuman speed and accuracy. The Vision was trained in hand-to-hand combat by Captain America, is an expert in the combat use of his superhuman powers, and is a highly skilled tactician and strategist. The Vision is an expert on his own construction and repair.

text: The Vision is described as being "...every inch a human being—except that all of his bodily organs are constructed of synthetic materials." The Solar Jewel on the Vision's forehead absorbs ambient

text: solar energy

text: to provide the needed power for him to function, and he is also capable of discharging this energy as optic beams; with this, he can fire beams of

text: infrared

text: and

text: microwave radiation

text: . In extreme cases he can discharge this same power through the Solar Jewel itself which amplifies its destructive effects considerably, albeit at the cost of losing most of his resources. By interfacing with an unknown dimension to which he can shunt and from which he can accrue mass, thus becoming either intangible or extraordinarily massive, the Vision can change his

text: density

text: , which at its lowest allows flight and a ghostly, phasing intangibility, and at its heaviest, a density ten times greater than that of

text: depleted uranium

text: , which gives him superhuman strength, immovability, and a diamond-hard near invulnerability. On one occasion, the Vision uses this extreme density to render unconscious the villain

text: Count Nefaria

text: ; at other times, he thrusts an intangible hand into them and then partially re-materializes it, a process he describes as "physical disruption." This effect typically causes great pain and results in incapacitation, as when used against the

text: version of the hero

text: Hyperion

text: . Being an artificial life-form/android of sorts, the Vision has superhuman senses, superhuman stamina, reflexes, speed, agility, strength (even without being at high density), superhuman analytical capabilities, and the ability to process information and make calculations with superhuman speed and accuracy. The Vision was trained in hand-to-hand combat by

text: Captain America

text: , is an expert in the combat use of his superhuman powers, and is a highly skilled tactician and strategist. The Vision is an expert on his own construction and repair.

text: He has a keen sense of Cosmo and uses it as a substitute for his eyes, which he keeps closed most of the time to heighten his power. Upon confronting Kyanos Pyrokus, who is then invisible, Shaka says that in this world there is nothing he cannot see. More than once, he is the first to sense some dark Cosmo at work nearby.

text: He has a keen sense of Cosmo and uses it as a substitute for his eyes, which he keeps closed most of the time to heighten his power. Upon confronting

entity_name: List of Saint Seiya Episode.G characters

text: Kyanos Pyrokus

text: , who is then invisible, Shaka says that in this world there is nothing he cannot see. More than once, he is the first to sense some dark Cosmo at work nearby.

text: Some food packagers use organoleptic evaluations.  People use their senses (taste, smell, etc.) to determine if a package component has tainted the food in the package.

text: Some food packagers use

text: organoleptic

text: evaluations.  People use their senses (taste, smell, etc.) to determine if a package component has tainted the food in the package.

text: Female channelers can tell when other women are touching the Source: a white glowing aura appears around their body, though only visible to those trained to touch the One Power.  It is also relatively easy for them to gauge each other's strength in the Power.  Men on the other hand can only sense intuitively when another man is channeling (and roughly how much of the power they are wielding). Male channelers can sense a woman holding saidar as goose bumps on their skin; women have no innate method of sensing male channeling, though certain ter'angreal and weaves have been crafted which do the job for them.

text: Female channelers can tell when other women are touching the Source: a white glowing

text: aura

text: appears around their body, though only visible to those trained to touch the One Power.  It is also relatively easy for them to gauge each other's strength in the Power.  Men on the other hand can only sense intuitively when another man is channeling (and roughly how much of the power they are wielding). Male channelers can sense a woman holding saidar as

text: goose bumps

text: on their skin; women have no innate method of sensing male channeling, though certain ter'angreal and weaves have been crafted which do the job for them.

text: While there is debate among neurologists as to                     the specific number of senses due to differing definitions of what constitutes a sense, Gautama Buddha and Aristotle classified five ‘traditional’ human senses which have become universally accepted: touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.  Other senses that have been well-accepted in most mammals, including humans, include nociception, equilibrioception, kinaesthesia, and thermoception.  Furthermore, some non-human animals have been shown to possess alternate senses, including magnetoception and electroreception.

text: While there is debate among neurologists as to                     the specific number of senses due to differing definitions of what constitutes a

text: sense

text: Gautama Buddha

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: classified five ‘traditional’ human senses which have become universally accepted:

text: touch

text: taste

text: smell

text: sight

text: , and

text: hearing

text: .  Other senses that have been well-accepted in most mammals, including humans, include

text: nociception

text: equilibrioception

text: kinaesthesia

text: , and

text: thermoception

text: .  Furthermore, some non-human animals have been shown to possess alternate senses, including

text: magnetoception

text: and

text: electroreception

text: Derren Brown contacted a leading proponent of UFO abductions, claiming, under his pseudonym, to have been abducted. He further claimed that, since his abduction, he was able to sense a person's medical history and current medical state by touch alone. He invited the lady, and her husband, to decide between them which one he should 'read'. Turning his back and closing his eyes, he waited while one of them made physical contact with him. At this point he stated that the person touching him had or was having trouble sleeping, and had some problem with their heart or throat. Turning around, he further informed the lady that she had had something serious with her throat but that it had been 'decades' ago. He asked if he was close, to which she replied he was exactly correct. She further characterised his reading as 100% accurate. She very sincerely endorsed him to camera, and invited him to speak at a meeting of her group. He declined the invitation.

text: Many species (with recent studies done on dogs) are affected by balance disorders and hearing problems that can be caused by a problem in the dark-cell areas in the vestibular endorgans.  Studies researching damaged dark cells due to genetic abnormalities or therapeutics are very important in attempting to understand the onset and mechanism of said balance impairments.

text: Vision rehabilitation (often called vision rehab) is a term for a medical rehabilitation to improve vision or low vision. In other words, it is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence in an individual who has lost visual function through illness or injury. Most visual rehabilitation services are focused on low vision, which is a visual impairment that cannot be corrected by regular eyeglasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery. Low vision interferes with the ability to perform everyday activities. Visual impairment is caused by factors including brain damage, vision loss, and others. Of the vision rehabilitation techniques available, most center on neurological and physical approaches.

text: Vision rehabilitation (often called vision rehab) is a term for a

text: medical rehabilitation

text: to improve vision or

text: low vision

text: . In other words, it is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence in an individual who has lost visual function through illness or injury. Most visual rehabilitation services are focused on low vision, which is a

text: visual impairment

text: that cannot be corrected by regular eyeglasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery. Low vision interferes with the ability to perform everyday activities. Visual impairment is caused by factors including

text: brain damage

text: vision loss

text: , and others. Of the vision rehabilitation techniques available, most center on neurological and physical approaches.

text: The sources of noise in a vehicle are many, including the engine, driveline, tire contact patch and road surface, brakes, and wind. Noise from cooling fans, or the HVAC, alternator, and other engine accessories is also fairly common. Many problems are generated as either vibration or noise, transmitted via a variety of paths, and then radiated acoustically into the cabin. These are classified as "structure-borne" noise. Others are generated acoustically and propagated by airborne paths. Structure-borne noise is attenuated by isolation, while airborne noise is reduced by absorption or through the use of barrier materials.  Vibrations are sensed at the steering wheel, the seat, armrests, or the floor and pedals. Some problems are sensed visually - such as the vibration of the rear-view mirror or header rail on open-topped cars

text: The sources of noise in a vehicle are many, including the engine, driveline, tire

text: contact patch

text: and road surface, brakes, and wind. Noise from cooling fans, or the

text: HVAC

text: , alternator, and other engine accessories is also fairly common. Many problems are generated as either vibration or noise, transmitted via a variety of paths, and then radiated acoustically into the cabin. These are classified as "structure-borne" noise. Others are generated acoustically and propagated by airborne paths. Structure-borne noise is attenuated by isolation, while airborne noise is reduced by absorption or through the use of barrier materials.  Vibrations are sensed at the steering wheel, the seat, armrests, or the floor and pedals. Some problems are sensed visually - such as the vibration of the rear-view mirror or header rail on open-topped cars

text: Also, completely different algorithms might be required by different applications. In machine translation, the problem takes the form of target word selection. Here, the "senses" are words in the target language, which often correspond to significant meaning distinctions in the source language ("bank" could translate to the French "banque"—that is, 'financial bank' or "rive"—that is, 'edge of river'). In information retrieval, a sense inventory is not necessarily required, because it is enough to know that a word is used in the same sense in the query and a retrieved document; what sense that is, is unimportant.

text: The earliest predecessors of the eye were photoreceptor proteins that sense light, found even in unicellular organisms, called "eyespots". Eyespots can only sense ambient brightness: they can distinguish light from dark, sufficient for photoperiodism and daily synchronization of circadian rhythms.  They are insufficient for vision, as they cannot distinguish shapes or determine the direction light is coming from. Eyespots are found in nearly all major animal groups, and are common among unicellular organisms, including euglena. The euglena's eyespot, called a stigma, is located at its anterior end.  It is a small splotch of red pigment which shades a collection of light sensitive crystals. Together with the leading flagellum, the eyespot allows the organism to move in response to light, often toward the light to assist in photosynthesis, and to predict day and night, the primary function of circadian rhythms.  Visual pigments are located in the brains of more complex organisms, and are thought to have a role in synchronising spawning with lunar cycles.  By detecting the subtle changes in night-time illumination, organisms could synchronise the release of sperm and eggs to maximise the probability of fertilisation.

text: The earliest predecessors of the eye were photoreceptor proteins that sense light, found even in unicellular organisms, called "

text: eyespot

text: s". Eyespots can only sense ambient brightness: they can distinguish light from dark, sufficient for

text: photoperiodism

text: and daily synchronization of

text: circadian rhythm

text: s.  They are insufficient for vision, as they cannot distinguish shapes or determine the direction light is coming from. Eyespots are found in nearly all major animal groups, and are common among unicellular organisms, including

text: euglena

text: . The euglena's eyespot, called a stigma, is located at its anterior end.  It is a small splotch of red pigment which shades a collection of light sensitive crystals. Together with the leading flagellum, the eyespot allows the organism to move in response to light, often toward the light to assist in

text: photosynthesis

text: , and to predict day and night, the primary function of circadian rhythms.  Visual pigments are located in the brains of more complex organisms, and are thought to have a role in synchronising spawning with lunar cycles.  By detecting the subtle changes in night-time illumination, organisms could synchronise the release of sperm and eggs to maximise the probability of fertilisation.

text: “In the strange, sometimes frank ways that Robbe-Grillet and Cooper and Acker approach a kind of lurking moral presence in their work, Kalich too creates something somehow both spiritually clouded and passively demanding: what is going on here, in this business of words, and people? The answer, perhaps both political and existential, whether you agree with one side or the other, operates in the way texts I most often enjoy to get wrapped up in invoke: a door that once opened, is opened, and you can’t get it all the way back shut, try how you must. This is a book, a body of work, an author, deserving a new unearthing eye.” Blake Butler, HTML Giant

text: “In the strange, sometimes frank ways that Robbe-Grillet and Cooper and Acker approach a kind of lurking moral presence in their work, Kalich too creates something somehow both spiritually clouded and passively demanding: what is going on here, in this business of words, and people? The answer, perhaps both political and existential, whether you agree with one side or the other, operates in the way texts I most often enjoy to get wrapped up in invoke: a door that once opened, is opened, and you can’t get it all the way back shut, try how you must. This is a book, a body of work, an author, deserving a new unearthing eye.”

text: Blake Butler

text: , HTML Giant

text: Lemurids are medium-sized arboreal primates, ranging from 32 to 56 cm in length, excluding the tail, and weighing from 0.7 to 5 kg. They have long, bushy tails and soft, woolly fur of varying coloration. The hindlegs are slightly longer than the forelegs, although not enough to hamper fully quadrupedal movement (unlike the sportive lemurs). Most species are highly agile, and regularly leap several metres between trees. They have a good sense of smell and binocular vision. Unlike most other lemurs, all but one species of lemurid (the ring-tailed lemur) lack a tapetum lucidum, a reflective layer in the eye that improves night vision. Historically, activity cycles are either strictly diurnal or nocturnal however, these can widely verily across the mammalian species. Lemur activity has evolved from nocturnal to diurnal. Some lemurs are also cathemeral, an activity pattern here an animal is neither diurnal nor nocturnal, which is common among Lemurdae.

text: Lemurids are medium-sized arboreal primates, ranging from 32 to 56 cm in length, excluding the tail, and weighing from 0.7 to 5 kg. They have long, bushy tails and soft, woolly fur of varying coloration. The hindlegs are slightly longer than the forelegs, although not enough to hamper fully

text: quadruped

text: al movement (unlike the

text: sportive lemur

text: s). Most species are highly agile, and regularly leap several metres between trees. They have a good

text: sense of smell

text: and

text: binocular vision

text: . Unlike most other lemurs, all but one species of lemurid (the

text: ring-tailed lemur

text: ) lack a

text: tapetum lucidum

text: , a reflective layer in the eye that improves night vision. Historically, activity cycles are either strictly diurnal or nocturnal however, these can widely verily across the mammalian species. Lemur activity has evolved from nocturnal to diurnal. Some lemurs are also cathemeral, an activity pattern here an animal is neither diurnal nor nocturnal, which is common among Lemurdae.

text: Clerck explained in the last (9th of the 2nd part) chapter of his work that in contrast to previous authors he used the term "spider" in the strict sense, for animals possessing eight eyes and separated prosoma and opisthosoma, and that his concept of this group of animals did not include Opiliones (because they had two eyes and a broadly joined prosoma and opisthosoma) and other groups of arachnids.

text: Clerck explained in the last (9th of the 2nd part) chapter of his work that in contrast to previous authors he used the term "spider" in the strict sense, for animals possessing eight eyes and separated

text: prosoma

text: and

text: opisthosoma

text: , and that his concept of this group of animals did not include

text: Opiliones

text: (because they had two eyes and a broadly joined prosoma and opisthosoma) and other groups of

text: arachnids

text: Sound is analyzed in term of pressure waves sensed by the cochlea in the ear. Data from the eyes and ears is combined to form a 'bound' percept. The problem of how this is produced, known as the binding problem.

text: Sound

text: is analyzed in term of pressure waves sensed by the

text: cochlea

text: in the ear. Data from the eyes and ears is combined to form a 'bound' percept. The problem of how this is produced, known as the

text: binding problem

text: Lucifer's Requiem is a Requiem for every person who seeks the eternal light. In Kathinka's Chant, Kathinka sings with flute and voice at Lucifer's grave a chant that protects the soul of the deceased by means of musical exercises regularly performed for 49 days after the death of the body, and leads it to clear consciousness . The ritual is a 22-fold expansion of the Lucifer formula, reflecting the two sets of repeated-note unceduplets that begin that formula. The flautist, costumed as a cat, is the shamanistic celebrant, and is accompanied by six percussionists representing the six mortal senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and thought. The percussionists play on a set of tuned sound plates (initially eleven of them, arranged in the order of the notes of the Lucifer formula), as well as on a total of at least 30 specially created "magic instruments" which are attached to or form parts of their costumes. The flautist begins with a "salute" and then, following the segments of two mandalas, performs a series of 22 exercises, with two interspersed pauses at positions 7 and 13 out of 24 marked on the two mandalas. The number 7 is emblematic for Licht as the number of the days of the week, but is also the number of letters in the name "Lucifer", while 13 is not only a number traditionally associated with misfortune, but is also the number up to which Lucifer repeatedly counts throughout the opera cycle. As the percussionists continue playing through this second pause, the flautist performs an "exchange of the senses", reordering the sound plates and adding a twelfth note, in order to transform Lucifer's formula into that of Eve. She then resumes the exercises and continues without further interruption straight through to the end. The exercises are followed by a "Release of the Senses", a gradual exit, a series of eleven "trombone tones" on the flute, and a final scream .

text: Lucifer's Requiem is a Requiem for every person who seeks the eternal light. In Kathinka's Chant, Kathinka sings with flute and voice at Lucifer's grave a chant that protects the soul of the deceased by means of musical exercises regularly performed for 49 days after the death of the body, and leads it to clear consciousness . The ritual is a 22-fold expansion of the Lucifer formula, reflecting the two sets of repeated-note unceduplets that begin that formula. The flautist, costumed as a cat, is the shamanistic celebrant, and is accompanied by six percussionists representing the six mortal senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and thought. The percussionists play on a set of tuned sound plates (initially eleven of them, arranged in the order of the notes of the Lucifer formula), as well as on a total of at least 30 specially created "magic instruments" which are attached to or form parts of their costumes. The flautist begins with a "salute" and then, following the segments of two

text: mandala

text: s, performs a series of 22 exercises, with two interspersed pauses at positions 7 and 13 out of 24 marked on the two mandalas. The number 7 is emblematic for Licht as the number of the days of the week, but is also the number of letters in the name "Lucifer", while 13 is not only a number

text: traditionally associated with misfortune

text: , but is also the number up to which Lucifer repeatedly counts throughout the opera cycle. As the percussionists continue playing through this second pause, the flautist performs an "exchange of the senses", reordering the sound plates and adding a twelfth note, in order to transform Lucifer's formula into that of Eve. She then resumes the exercises and continues without further interruption straight through to the end. The exercises are followed by a "Release of the Senses", a gradual exit, a series of eleven "trombone tones" on the flute, and a final scream .

text: Although the sense of smell, or olfaction, is essential for other animals in avoiding predators, finding food, and other functions, olfaction is greatly decreased in humans as they have (for the most part) no predators and obtain food mostly by agriculture. There is great variation in olfactory sensitivity from person to person, which is common in vestigial characteristics. This does not mean that having any olfactory ability at all is vestigial, for example it may save a person from inhaling toxic fumes.  A characteristic may degenerate despite being of some use if there is very little or no selection pressure on the genes associated with it. In other words, having a good sense of smell may be something a person would desire, but unless those without such abilities have a lower reproductive success or fitness, there is no barrier to its degeneration.

text: Although the sense of smell, or

text: olfaction

text: , is essential for other animals in avoiding

text: predators

text: finding food

text: , and other functions, olfaction is greatly decreased in humans as they have (for the most part) no predators and obtain food mostly by

text: agriculture

text: . There is great

text: variation

text: in olfactory sensitivity from person to person, which is common in vestigial characteristics. This does not mean that having any olfactory ability at all is vestigial, for example it may save a person from inhaling

text: toxic

text: fumes.  A characteristic may degenerate despite being of some use if there is very little or no

text: selection pressure

text: on the genes associated with it. In other words, having a good sense of smell may be something a person would desire, but unless those without such abilities have a lower reproductive success or

text: fitness

text: , there is no barrier to its degeneration.

text: Touch typing (also called touch type or touch keyboarding)  is typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys. Specifically, a touch typist will know their location on the keyboard through muscle memory. Touch typing typically involves placing the eight fingers in a horizontal row along the middle of the keyboard (the home row) and having them reach for other keys. Both two-handed touch typing and one-handed touch typing are possible.

text: Touch typing (also called touch type or touch keyboarding)  is

text: typing

text: without using the sense of

text: sight

text: to find the keys. Specifically, a touch typist will know their location on the keyboard through

text: muscle memory

text: . Touch typing typically involves placing the eight fingers in a horizontal row along the middle of the keyboard (the home row) and having them reach for other keys. Both two-handed touch typing and

text: one-handed touch typing

text: are possible.

text: A person's eyes reveal much about how they are feeling, or what they are thinking.  Blink rate can reveal how nervous or at ease a person may be.  Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races.  Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Though Tecce's data is interesting, it is important to recognize that non-verbal communication is multi-channeled, and focusing on only one aspect is reckless.  Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidates' perspiration, eye contact and stiffness.

text: A person's eyes reveal much about how they are feeling, or what they are thinking.  Blink rate can reveal how nervous or at ease a person may be.  Research by

text: Boston College

text: professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races.  Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Though Tecce's data is interesting, it is important to recognize that

text: non-verbal communication

text: is multi-channeled, and focusing on only one aspect is reckless.  Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidates' perspiration,

text: eye contact

text: and stiffness.

text: Radio frequency sensing is the main sensing principle for artillery shells.

text: Impaired vision and hearing loss are common chronic problems among older people.  Hearing problems can lead to social isolation, depression, and dependence as the person can no longer talk to other people, receive information over the telephone, or engage in simple transactions, such as talking to a person at a bank or store.  Vision problems lead to falls from tripping over unseen objects, medicine being taken incorrectly because the written instructions could not be read, and finances being mismanaged.

text: Impaired vision

text: and

text: hearing loss

text: are common chronic problems among older people.  Hearing problems can lead to social isolation, depression, and dependence as the person can no longer talk to other people, receive information over the telephone, or engage in simple transactions, such as talking to a person at a bank or store.  Vision problems lead to falls from tripping over unseen objects, medicine being taken incorrectly because the written instructions could not be read, and finances being mismanaged.

text: Touch or somatosensation (adjectival form: somatic), also called tactition  (adjectival form: tactile) or mechanoreception, is a perception resulting from activation of neural receptors, generally in the skin including hair follicles, but also in the tongue, throat, and mucosa. A variety of pressure receptors respond to variations in pressure (firm, brushing, sustained, etc.). The touch sense of itching caused by insect bites or allergies involves special itch-specific neurons in the skin and spinal cord. The loss or impairment of the ability to feel anything touched is called tactile anesthesia.  Paresthesia is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin that may result from nerve damage and may be permanent or temporary.

text: Touch

text: or somatosensation (adjectival form: somatic), also called

text: tactition

text: (adjectival form: tactile) or

text: mechanoreception

text: , is a perception resulting from activation of neural

text: receptors

text: , generally in the

text: skin

text: including

text: hair follicle

text: s, but also in the

text: tongue

text: throat

text: , and

text: mucosa

text: . A variety of

text: pressure

text: receptors respond to variations in pressure (firm, brushing, sustained, etc.). The touch sense of

text: itch

text: ing caused by insect bites or allergies involves special itch-specific neurons in the skin and spinal cord. The loss or impairment of the ability to feel anything touched is called tactile

text: anesthesia

text: Paresthesia

text: is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or

text: numbness

text: of the skin that may result from nerve damage and may be permanent or temporary.

text: Each guest that are invited to the show are subjected to play in four of the following eight games that relate to the five senses of human.  There are two games that related to the sense of touch and three games related to taste.  Each game is rewarded differently in cash amounts.

text: Each guest that are invited to the show are subjected to play in four of the following eight games that relate to the

text: five senses

text: of human.  There are two games that related to the sense of

text: touch

text: and three games related to

text: taste

text: .  Each game is rewarded differently in cash amounts.

text: The distinction between special and general senses is used to classify nerve fibres running to and from the central nervous system – information from special senses is carried in special somatic afferents and special visceral afferents. In contrast, the other sense, touch, is a somatic sense which does not have a specialized organ but comes from all over the body, most noticeably the skin but also the internal organs (viscera). Touch includes mechanoreception (pressure, vibration and proprioception), pain (nociception) and heat (thermoception), and such information is carried in general somatic afferents and general visceral afferents.

text: The distinction between special and general senses is used to classify

text: nerve

text: fibres running to and from the

text: central nervous system

text: – information from special senses is carried in

text: special somatic afferent

text: s and

text: special visceral afferent

text: s. In contrast, the other sense,

text: touch

text: , is a

text: somatic sense

text: which does not have a specialized organ but comes from all over the body, most noticeably the

text: skin

text: but also the internal organs (

text: viscera

text: ). Touch includes

text: mechanoreception

text: (pressure, vibration and

text: proprioception

text: ), pain (

text: nociception

text: ) and heat (

text: thermoception

text: ), and such information is carried in

text: general somatic afferent

text: s and

text: general visceral afferents

text: Visions was an annual science fiction convention held from 1990 to 1998 in Rosemont, Illinois on Thanksgiving weekend. The convention was held at the Hyatt Regency O'Hare except for the 1992 event which was held at the Ramada O'Hare.  The convention was originally called Visions but was renamed HME Visions in 1998.  It was also known as "A British TV Celebration" before its first event.

text: Visions was an annual

text: science fiction convention

text: held from 1990 to 1998 in

text: Rosemont, Illinois

text: on

text: Thanksgiving

text: weekend. The convention was held at the

text: Hyatt Regency

text: O'Hare except for the 1992 event which was held at the

text: Ramada

text: O'Hare.  The convention was originally called Visions but was renamed HME Visions in 1998.  It was also known as "A British TV Celebration" before its first event.

text: Mercy is described as being stubborn, headstrong, independent, hardworking, thoughtful, caring, and having a faith that has saved her at least once from a 'Vampire Queen'. She can change between human and coyote form at will. In coyote form, she is slightly faster, has much better sight in the dark, and a slightly better sense of smell. In both human and coyote form, she has an acute sense of smell and a resistance to some forms of magic. It has been shown that she has the ability to see (and control) ghosts. It is explained that this is the reason Walkers are so rare. Vampires have hunted them down to prevent them from being "vampire hunters" because wherever vampires live, there are usually ghosts of victims to reveal them.

text: Terezi Pyrope guides Dave through the earlier acts of Homestuck. The character is blind and able to visualize the world through her sense of smell and taste. She's portrayed as an avid role-player and has a strong sense of justice. Terezi was the first of three Homestuck character to be introduced in Namco Bandai's dating simulator Namco High, of which Andrew Hussie was the creative director.

text: Terezi Pyrope guides Dave through the earlier acts of Homestuck. The character is

text: blind

text: and able to visualize the world through her sense of smell and taste. She's portrayed as an avid

text: role-player

text: and has a strong sense of

text: justice

text: . Terezi was the first of three Homestuck character to be introduced in

text: Namco Bandai

text: 's

text: dating simulator

text: Namco High

text: , of which Andrew Hussie was the creative director.

text: Frege again proposed to solve this problem by appeal to his distinction between sense and reference.  In particular, he held that when a proper name occurs in the context of an attitude report, its reference shifts to its ordinary sense: thus 'Phosphorus', for example, denotes the planet Venus when it occurs in the sentence 'Phosphorus is visible in the evening' or in an identity sentence like (4), but when it occurs embedded in an attitude report like (5) it denotes its ordinary sense.

text: Knock-out of PMCA2 causes inner ear problems, including hearing loss and problems with balance.

text: Knock-out

text: of PMCA2 causes

text: inner ear

text: problems, including

text: hearing loss

text: and problems with

text: balance

text: In December 2011, reports surfaced on the web that Sprint Nextel's prepaid subsidiary Boost Mobile was working with LG to offer an "LG Rumor 4" phone. On March 5, 2012, Sprint's Boost Mobile prepaid brand listed the LG Rumor Reflex on their online shopping page as "coming soon". The phone is now available for $279.99 unsubsidized or $0 with a two-year contract from Sprint, and at $79.99 outright with Boost Mobile.  It has a 2 MP camera just like the Rumor Touch and includes video recording as well.  Unlike the Rumor Touch and its resistive touchscreen, the Rumor Reflex has a capacitive sensing touchscreen common to smartphones.

text: In December 2011, reports surfaced on the web that Sprint Nextel's prepaid subsidiary

text: Boost Mobile

text: was working with

text: LG

text: to offer an "LG Rumor 4" phone. On March 5, 2012, Sprint's

text: Boost Mobile

text: prepaid brand listed the LG Rumor Reflex on their online shopping page as "coming soon". The phone is now available for $279.99 unsubsidized or $0 with a two-year contract from Sprint, and at $79.99 outright with Boost Mobile.  It has a 2 MP camera just like the Rumor Touch and includes video recording as well.  Unlike the Rumor Touch and its

text: resistive touchscreen

text: , the Rumor Reflex has a

text: capacitive sensing

text: touchscreen common to smartphones.

text: Any entity that carry one or more of these qualities (attractive forces, repulsive forces, energy and relative motion) are called matter (rupa). The material world is considered to be nothing but a combination of these qualities arranged in space (akasa). The result of these qualities are the inputs to our five senses, color (warna), smell (ghandda), taste (rasa) and sensation of body (ojha). The matter that we perceive in our mind are just a mental interpretation of these qualities.

text: The auditory nerve was also large, suggesting good hearing, which may have been useful for auditory communication and spatial awareness. The nerve had a well-developed vestibular component as well, which implies a good sense of balance and coordination. In contrast, the nerves and brain structures associated with eyesight were smaller and undeveloped. The midbrain tectum, responsible for visual processing in reptiles, was very small in Tarbosaurus, as were the optic nerve and the oculomotor nerve, which controls eye movement. Unlike Tyrannosaurus, which had forward-facing eyes that provided some degree of binocular vision, Tarbosaurus had a narrower skull more typical of other tyrannosaurids in which the eyes faced primarily sideways. All of this suggests that Tarbosaurus relied more on its senses of smell and hearing than on its eyesight.

text: The

text: auditory nerve

text: was also large, suggesting good

text: hearing

text: , which may have been useful for auditory

text: communication

text: and spatial awareness. The nerve had a well-developed

text: vestibular

text: component as well, which implies a good sense of balance and coordination. In contrast, the nerves and brain structures associated with

text: eyesight

text: were smaller and undeveloped. The

text: midbrain tectum

text: , responsible for visual processing in reptiles, was very small in Tarbosaurus, as were the

text: optic nerve

text: and the

text: oculomotor nerve

text: , which controls eye movement. Unlike Tyrannosaurus, which had forward-facing eyes that provided some degree of binocular vision, Tarbosaurus had a narrower skull more typical of other tyrannosaurids in which the eyes faced primarily sideways. All of this suggests that Tarbosaurus relied more on its senses of smell and hearing than on its eyesight.

text: Snakes use smell to track their prey. They smell by using their forked tongues to collect airborne particles, then passing them to the vomeronasal organ or Jacobson's organ in the mouth for examination. The fork in the tongue gives snakes a sort of directional sense of smell and taste simultaneously. They keep their tongues constantly in motion, sampling particles from the air, ground, and water, analyzing the chemicals found, and determining the presence of prey or predators in the local environment. In water-dwelling snakes, such as the anaconda, the tongue functions efficiently underwater.

text: Snakes use smell to track their prey. They smell by using their

text: forked tongue

text: s to collect airborne particles, then passing them to the

text: vomeronasal organ

text: or Jacobson's organ in the mouth for examination. The fork in the tongue gives snakes a sort of directional sense of smell and taste simultaneously. They keep their tongues constantly in motion, sampling particles from the air, ground, and water, analyzing the chemicals found, and determining the presence of prey or predators in the local environment. In water-dwelling snakes, such as the

text: anaconda

text: , the tongue functions efficiently underwater.

text: Both experts and novices tend to judge original abstract works as more optimally balanced than experimental variations, without necessarily identifying the original. There appears to be an intuitive sense for experts and non-experts alike that a given representational painting is the original. Participants tend to deem original artwork as original versus the manipulated works that had been both subtly and obviously altered with respect to the balance of the painting. This suggests some innate knowledge, perhaps not influenced by artistic expertise, of the rightness of a painting in its balance. Both masters and novices are equally susceptible to shifts in balance affecting preference for paintings, which may suggest that both artists viewers have an intuitive sense of balance in art.

text: Scientists at the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) are working to understand the various balance disorders and the complex interactions between the labyrinth, other balance-sensing organs, and the brain. NIDCD scientists are studying eye movement to understand the changes that occur in aging, disease, and injury, as well as collecting data about eye movement and posture to improve diagnosis and treatment of balance disorders. They are also studying the effectiveness of certain exercises as a treatment option.

text: The film is about a compendium of five interrelated stories brought together by the proprietor of a curio shop selling unusual items. Santi (portrayed by TJ Trinidad), who says the role is kind of demonic. Each of the character’s story is weaved around the five senses – sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste.

text: The film is about a compendium of five interrelated stories brought together by the proprietor of a curio shop selling unusual items. Santi (portrayed by

text: TJ Trinidad

text: ), who says the role is kind of demonic. Each of the character’s story is weaved around the five senses – sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste.

text: Auditory vision substitution aims to use the sense of hearing to convey visual information to the blind.

text: The workshop begins with participants developing a problem tree that links the project goal framed in terms of a challenge or problem to what the project is actually going to do. The approach used for developing the problem tree is based on work by Renger and Titcombe (2003).  The problem tree helps participants clarify the key problems / opportunities their projects are addressing, and the outputs (things others will use) that their projects need to produce.  Participants then carry out a visioning exercise, which borrows from appreciative inquiry, to describe project success two years after the project's conclusion based on the adoption and use of project outputs. These three steps (see diagram) usually take about a day to complete and provide the information needed to describe a causal chain of outcomes needed to achieve success.

text: The workshop begins with participants developing a problem tree that links the project goal framed in terms of a challenge or problem to what the project is actually going to do. The approach used for developing the problem tree is based on work by Renger and Titcombe (2003).  The problem tree helps participants clarify the key problems / opportunities their projects are addressing, and the outputs (things others will use) that their projects need to produce.  Participants then carry out a visioning exercise, which borrows from

text: appreciative inquiry

text: , to describe project success two years after the project's conclusion based on the adoption and use of project outputs. These three steps (see diagram) usually take about a day to complete and provide the information needed to describe a causal chain of outcomes needed to achieve success.

text: Can also result in sensory impairment where one of the affected person's senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste and spatial awareness) is no longer normal..

text: Modern Science believes in objects perceived by sense organs with or without the help of various gadgets. Human sense organs are bound by severe limitations. The eyes and ears can see and hear only within a limited spectrum. We do know that an eagle's eye or a dog's ears can see or hear beyond human capabilities. This holds good for other sense organs like those of smell, taste or touch. With the help instruments, which are being invented from time to time, man has been able to extend his perception beyond natural human mind and intellect have also made deductions from certain phenomena occurring in the world. This has led to formulation of many hypotheses from time to time. These hypotheses have been changing since the dawn of civilization and will keep on changing till man is able to realize the truth. The modern scientists have observed that the universe is continuously expanding and this expansion is thought to be due to the process of creation of the universe. The scientists say that the universe will ultimately cease to expand and then the gravitational force will play its role to reduce it again to a cosmic egg.

text: A vision is something seen in a dream, trance, or religious ecstasy, especially a supernatural appearance that usually conveys a revelation. Visions generally have more clarity than dreams, but traditionally fewer psychological connotations. Visions are known to emerge from spiritual traditions and could provide a lens into human nature and reality. Prophecy is often associated with visions.

text: A vision is something seen in a

text: dream

text: trance

text: , or

text: religious ecstasy

text: , especially a

text: supernatural

text: appearance that usually conveys a

text: revelation

text: . Visions generally have more clarity than

text: dream

text: s, but traditionally fewer psychological connotations. Visions are known to emerge from spiritual traditions and could provide a lens into human nature and reality.

text: Prophecy

text: is often associated with visions.

text: Mentally healthy people with significant vision loss may have vivid, complex recurrent visual hallucinations (fictive visual percepts). One characteristic of these hallucinations is that they usually are "lilliputian" (hallucinations in which the characters or objects are smaller than normal). The most common hallucination is of faces or cartoons. Sufferers understand that the hallucinations are not real, and the hallucinations are only visual, that is, they do not occur in any other senses, e.g. hearing, smell or taste. Among older adults (> 65 years) with significant vision loss, the prevalence of Charles Bonnet syndrome has been reported to be between 10% and 40%; a recent Australian study has found the prevalence to be 17.5%. Two Asian studies, however, report a much lower prevalence. The high incidence of non-reporting of this disorder is the greatest hindrance to determining the exact prevalence; non-reporting is thought to be a result of sufferers being afraid to discuss the symptoms out of fear that they will be labelled insane.

text: Mentally healthy

text: people with significant

text: vision loss

text: may have vivid, complex recurrent visual hallucinations (fictive visual percepts). One characteristic of these hallucinations is that they usually are "

text: lilliputian

text: " (hallucinations in which the characters or objects are smaller than normal). The most common hallucination is of faces or cartoons. Sufferers

text: understand that the hallucinations are not real

text: , and the hallucinations are only visual, that is, they do not occur in any other senses, e.g. hearing, smell or taste. Among older adults (> 65 years) with significant vision loss, the prevalence of Charles Bonnet syndrome has been reported to be between 10% and 40%; a recent Australian study has found the prevalence to be 17.5%. Two Asian studies, however, report a much lower prevalence. The high incidence of non-reporting of this disorder is the greatest hindrance to determining the exact prevalence; non-reporting is thought to be a result of sufferers being afraid to discuss the symptoms out of fear that they will be labelled insane.

text: The next day, Dr. Crusher provides Troi with a neural inhibitor to block Troi's empathic sense to allow her to safely visit the nacelle. Worf is indifferent to Troi and instead provides her with Calloway to help. Troi, with Data and La Forge, examine the plasma conduit that Kwan was working before his death, and Troi is overcome with the same visions despite the inhibitor. She asserts there is something hidden in the conduit; La Forge discovers a human skeleton, what's left of a woman's body, embedded in the ship, identified as Ensign Marla Finn, the woman from Troi's visions. Troi finds that Finn disappeared at Utopia Planitia before Kwan's arrival, and comes to suspect Pierce of killing her, believing the visions being from his point of view. She convinces Worf to arrest Pierce, but finds Worf taking more an interest in Calloway. Troi returns to her quarters and is surprised when Pierce arrives; fearing for her life, Troi tries to contact Worf but discovers he is in Calloway's quarters. She races there, and is shocked to find them hugging, and they turn to laugh at her. In a fit, she picks up a phaser and kills Worf. Shocked by her action, she stumbles out of Calloway's quarters, to find Pierce there; he tells her "you know what to do". Troi agrees and races to the nacelle tube and prepares to jump into the plasma like Kwan did before she is stopped by a very-much alive Worf.

text: Damage to the olfactory nerve (I) can cause an inability to smell (anosmia), a distortion in the sense of smell (parosmia), or a distortion or lack of taste. If there is suspicion of a change in the sense of smell, each nostril is tested with substances of known odors such as coffee or soap.  Intensely smelling substances, for example ammonia, may lead to the activation of pain receptors (nociceptors) of the trigeminal nerve that are located in the nasal cavity and this can confound olfactory testing.

text: Damage to the olfactory nerve (I) can cause an inability to smell (

text: anosmia

text: ), a distortion in the sense of smell (

text: parosmia

text: ), or a distortion or lack of taste. If there is suspicion of a change in the sense of smell, each nostril is tested with substances of known odors such as coffee or soap.  Intensely smelling substances, for example ammonia, may lead to the activation of pain receptors (

text: nociceptor

text: s) of the trigeminal nerve that are located in the nasal cavity and this can confound olfactory testing.

text: The robot Ultron is the creator of the Vision, a type of android he calls a "synthezoid", for use against Ultron's own creator, Dr. Hank Pym (Ant-Man/Giant Man/Goliath/Yellowjacket) and Pym's wife, Janet van Dyne (the Wasp) of the superhero team the Avengers. Ultron sends his new servant to lead the Avengers into a trap. The Wasp is the first to encounter the synthezoid, and describes it as a "vision" while trying to escape. Adopting the name, the Vision is convinced by the Avengers to turn against Ultron. After learning how Ultron created him, using the brain patterns of then-deceased Simon Williams (Wonder Man), the Vision becomes a member of the team. The team initially believes the Vision's body was created from that of the android original Human Torch. The Avengers later are told that the time lord Immortus used the power of the Forever Crystal to split the original Human Torch into two entities – one body remained the original Torch while Ultron rebuilt the other as the Vision. This was part of his plan to nurture a relationship for the Scarlet Witch that would prevent her from having any children, as her power level meant that any offspring she might have could threaten the cosmic beings of the Marvel Universe.

text: The robot

text: Ultron

text: is the creator of the Vision, a type of

text: android

text: he calls a "synthezoid", for use against Ultron's own creator, Dr.

text: Hank Pym

text: (Ant-Man/Giant Man/Goliath/Yellowjacket) and Pym's wife, Janet van Dyne (the

text: Wasp

text: ) of the superhero team the

text: Avengers

text: . Ultron sends his new servant to lead the Avengers into a trap. The Wasp is the first to encounter the synthezoid, and describes it as a "vision" while trying to escape. Adopting the name, the Vision is convinced by the Avengers to turn against Ultron. After learning how Ultron created him, using the brain patterns of then-deceased Simon Williams (

text: Wonder Man

text: ), the Vision becomes a member of the team. The team initially believes the Vision's body was created from that of the android

text: original Human Torch

text: . The Avengers later are told that the time lord

text: Immortus

text: used the power of the Forever Crystal to split the original Human Torch into two entities – one body remained the original Torch while Ultron rebuilt the other as the Vision. This was part of his plan to nurture a relationship for the Scarlet Witch that would prevent her from having any children, as her power level meant that any offspring she might have could threaten the cosmic beings of the Marvel Universe.

text: This aesthetic sense does not come automatically to all people with perfect vision and hearing, so it is fair to describe it as something extra, something not wholly reducible to vision and hearing. As the aesthetic sense informs us about what is beautiful, we can analogically understand the moral sense as informing us of what is good. People with a functioning moral sense get a clear impression of wrongness when they see (or perhaps even imagine) someone being mugged, for example.

text: This aesthetic sense does not come automatically to all people with perfect vision and hearing, so it is fair to describe it as something extra, something not wholly reducible to vision and hearing. As the aesthetic sense informs us about what is beautiful, we can

text: analogically

text: understand the moral sense as informing us of what is good. People with a functioning moral sense get a clear impression of wrongness when they see (or perhaps even imagine) someone being mugged, for example.

text: Paul Rosenzweig disagreed with Dempsey's premise that "relaxation of the particularity requirement is constitutionally suspect" and believed that it colored his argument that section 206 should be modified. Rosenzweig believes that the addition of an ascertainment requirement and the requirement that the identification of individuals should be more specific "seem unnecessary and unwise". He believes that the proposed ascertainment requirement would unnecessarily burden the ability of law enforcement and intelligence agents to perform surveillance on terrorist suspects. He believes that while opponents of section 206 focus on those who are innocent and yet who are the target of surveillance, this needs to be balanced with the view of those who are "concerned that during the delay while an ascertainment is being made, or in circumstances where an ascertainment is uncertain, vital terrorism intelligence will be lost". He believes that "while the balance struck by the ascertainment requirement may make sense in the traditional criminal context, it makes less sense in the context of terrorism investigations", arguing that there are already existing safeguards in place: an authorisation may only be done on those where there is probable cause that they are "a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power" and that there is probable cause that the facilities or places where surveillance is taking place is being used by a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power. He also says that "these requirements are subject to both administrative and judicial scrutiny prior to authorization". Rosenzweig further objects to the proposed ascertainment requirement because he believes that "it imposes a narrow law enforcement paradigm on the efforts to combat terrorism", a paradigm that he believes does not make sense in investigations of international terrorism, particularly in light of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center.

text: Paul Rosenzweig

text: September 11 terrorist attacks

text: on the World Trade Center.

text:
The skies in their magnificence
The lovely, lively air,
O how divine, how soft, how sweet, how fair!
The stars did entertain my sense;
And all the works of God, so bright and pure,
So rich and great, did seem,
As if they ever must endure
In my esteem.

text: Taste helps to identify toxins and maintain nutrition.  Five basic tastes are recognized today: salty, sweet, bitter, sour, and umami.  Salty and sour taste sensations are both detected through ion channels.  Sweet, bitter, and umami tastes, however, are detected by way of G protein-coupled taste receptors.

text: Taste

text: helps to identify

text: toxin

text: s and maintain

text: nutrition

text: .  Five basic tastes are recognized today: salty, sweet, bitter, sour, and

text: umami

text: .  Salty and sour taste sensations are both detected through

text: ion channel

text: s.  Sweet, bitter, and umami tastes, however, are detected by way of

text: G protein-coupled

text: taste receptors.

text: It is through the aromas of wine that wine is smelled. The human tongue is limited to the primary tastes perceived by taste receptors on the tongue-sourness, bitterness, saltiness, sweetness and savoriness. The wide array of fruit, earthy, floral, herbal, mineral and woodsy flavor present in wine are derived from aroma notes sensed by the olfactory bulb. In wine tasting, wine is sometimes smelled before being drunk in order to identify some components of the wine that may be present. Different terms are used to describe what is being smelled. The most basic term is aroma which generally refers to a "pleasant" smell as opposed to odor which refers to an unpleasant smell or possible wine fault. The term aroma may be further distinguished from bouquet which generally refers to the smells that arise from the chemical reactions of fermentation and aging of the wine.

text: It is through the

text: aroma

text: s of

text: wine

text: that wine is smelled. The

text: human tongue

text: is limited to the

text: primary tastes

text: perceived by taste receptors on the tongue-

text: sourness

text: bitterness

text: saltiness

text: sweetness

text: and

text: savoriness

text: . The wide array of fruit, earthy, floral, herbal, mineral and woodsy flavor present in wine are derived from aroma notes sensed by the

text: olfactory bulb

text: . In wine tasting, wine is sometimes smelled before being drunk in order to identify some components of the wine that may be present. Different

text: terms

text: are used to describe what is being smelled. The most basic term is aroma which generally refers to a "pleasant" smell as opposed to odor which refers to an unpleasant smell or possible

text: wine fault

text: . The term aroma may be further distinguished from bouquet which generally refers to the smells that arise from the chemical reactions of

text: fermentation

text: and

text: aging of the wine

text: Manx (and other tail-suppressed breeds) do not exhibit problems with balance, Balance is controlled primarily by the inner ear. In cats, dogs and other large-bodied mammals, balance involves but is not dependent upon the tail (contrast rats, for whom the tail is a quite significant portion of their body mass).

text: Manx (and other tail-suppressed breeds) do not exhibit problems with balance, Balance is controlled primarily by the inner ear. In cats, dogs and other large-bodied mammals, balance involves but is not dependent upon the tail (contrast

text: rat

text: s, for whom the tail is a quite significant portion of their body mass).

text: Because the olfactory system of M. croceipes is linked to its taste receptors, wasps can be trained to respond to the smell of an arbitrary chemical if the smell is repeatedly presented in association with food (sugar water or corn borers). The smell of "food" triggers a characteristic pattern of activity, a short-range host-seeking response. Researchers have said that M. croceipes has great potential for use as a biological sensor "due to its ability to be conditioned, respond and discriminate target odors from background odors." The Wasp Hound "portable nose" device depends on trained M. croceipes as its biosensor.

text: Because the

text: olfactory system

text: of M. croceipes is linked to its taste receptors, wasps can be trained to respond to the smell of an arbitrary chemical if the smell is repeatedly presented in association with food (sugar water or corn borers). The smell of "food" triggers a characteristic pattern of activity, a short-range host-seeking response. Researchers have said that M. croceipes has great potential for use as a biological sensor "due to its ability to be conditioned, respond and discriminate target odors from background odors." The

text: Wasp Hound

text: "portable nose" device depends on trained M. croceipes as its biosensor.

text: In the mid 12th century, Elisabeth of Schönau blurred the conventional gender roles of the time through the dissemination of her astonishing and debilitating visions. Elisabeth lived during a time when women were viewed as the weaker sex, both mentally and physically. Unless a woman were to join a convent or a religious movement, she would be expected to marry and to bear children. If a woman did choose the life of celibacy, she would be freed from her association with female weakness, thus exempting her from the charge of corrupting males through seduction. While celibacy offered women a sense of freedom, a woman could not officiate in the central practices of the Christian religion, leaving women essentially powerless. Elisabeth of Schönau, however, was far from powerless, as her visions led her to acquire enough notoriety to be known far and wide. Elisabeth became not only a local celebrity as a result of her visions, but gained popularity throughout other parts of Germany, as well as in France and England. This enabled Elisabeth to have her own voice, to be known as an individual, and to be sought after in an effort to acquire heavenly advice by  high order men, including bishops and abbots. For men of such high order to call upon Elisabeth, a mere woman, is extremely significant given the time period in which Elisabeth lived. Elisabeth’s visions, as well as her twenty-two letters to bishops, abbots, and abbesses, enabled her to transcend the traditional gender roles of the time by making her widely known and giving her an individual voice.

text: There are numerous approaches or "compositional techniques" to achieve a sense of unity within an artwork, depending on the goals of the artist. For example, a work of art is said to be aesthetically pleasing to the eye if the elements within the work are arranged in a balanced compositional way. However, there are artists such as Salvador Dalí who aim to disrupt traditional composition and challenge the viewer to rethink balance and design elements within art works.

text: There are numerous approaches or "compositional techniques" to achieve a sense of unity within an artwork, depending on the goals of the artist. For example, a work of art is said to be aesthetically pleasing to the eye if the elements within the work are arranged in a balanced compositional way. However, there are artists such as

text: Salvador Dalí

text: who aim to disrupt traditional composition and challenge the viewer to rethink balance and design elements within art works.

text: The materials used in the works and the colours and forms changing according to the spectator’s perspective, are as it were, the traces which declare that the act of creation has been democratised. Theoretically, when looked at by different individuals at the same time, the work that each spectator sees by representing only one out of infinite possibilities will offer a new dimension and reality in each instance. In this sense, it is possible to say that Bulanda directly associates the spectator at the exhibition space with the eye in her work and the one creating the work is entirely ‘the gaze’ of the spectator in parallel with Schrödinger’s experiment. Besides having defined the act of gaze as a power relation, Bulanda uses this metaphor as a reflection of current political atmosphere. Now the eye points to the stranglehold of the ‘man in power’ while the variational and lubricious space on the toile indicates the distorted ‘reality’. It becomes possible to see the traces of süper modernity on the surfaces where real and fiction, rational and irrational blend together. Especially the indistinct architectural structure in which the works turn into spaces that capture ‘the spirit of time’ as well as carrying out the traces of thoughts which Auge conceptualised as ‘non-place’. The essential question for the spectator lies in the intersection of these narratives. Following the established logic, is it possible to centralise the concept of ‘power’ if man is both the master of the reality which he has created by his own gaze and the victim of the gaze (reality) imposed to himself? If not, is it meaningful to fight against ‘man in power’ or where is the field of conflict?Having revealed or recognised all of these relations, would a change be possible or would life continue as aware cynical subjects?All of these questions will find their answers in the reality created by the eyes gazing at Bulanda’s work or surrender to a metanarrative.

text: The senses provide information from various modalities—vision, audition, tactile, olfactory, taste, proprioception, and vestibular system—that humans need to function. Sensory processing disorder is characterized by significant problems in organizing sensation coming from the body and the environment and is manifested by difficulties in the performance in one or more of the main areas of life: productivity, leisure and play or activities of daily living.  Different people experience a wide range of difficulties when processing input coming from a variety of senses, particularly tactile (e.g., finding fabrics itchy and hard to wear while others do not), vestibular (e.g., experiencing motion sickness while riding a car) and proprioceptive (having difficulty grading the force to hold a pen in order to write).

text: The

text: sense

text: s provide information from various modalities—

text: vision

text: audition

text: tactile

text: olfactory

text: taste

text: proprioception

text: , and

text: vestibular system

text: —that humans need to function. Sensory processing disorder is characterized by significant problems in organizing sensation coming from the body and the environment and is manifested by difficulties in the performance in one or more of the main areas of life: productivity,

text: leisure

text: and

text: play

text: or

text: activities of daily living

text: .  Different people experience a wide range of difficulties when processing input coming from a variety of

text: sense

text: s, particularly tactile (e.g., finding fabrics itchy and hard to wear while others do not), vestibular (e.g., experiencing motion sickness while riding a car) and proprioceptive (having difficulty grading the force to hold a pen in order to write).

text: In addition to Heinlein's political views, Starship Troopers popularized a number of concepts and innovations in military engineering which have since become broadly present in other science fiction and some of which have been paralleled in real-life research. The novel's most noted innovation is the powered armor exoskeletons used by the Mobile Infantry. These suits were controlled by the wearer's own movements, but powerfully augmented a soldier's strength, speed, weight-carrying capacity (which allowed much heavier personal armament), and jumping ability (including jet and rocket boost assistance), and provided the wearer with improved senses (infrared vision and night vision, radar, and amplified hearing), a completely self-contained personal environment including a drug-dispensing apparatus, sophisticated communications equipment, and tactical map displays. Their powered armor made the Mobile Infantry a hybrid between an infantry unit and an armored one.

text: In addition to Heinlein's political views, Starship Troopers popularized a number of concepts and innovations in military engineering which have since become broadly present in other science fiction and some of which have been paralleled in real-life research. The novel's most noted innovation is the

text: powered armor

text: exoskeleton

text: s used by the Mobile Infantry. These suits were controlled by the wearer's own movements, but powerfully augmented a soldier's strength, speed, weight-carrying capacity (which allowed much heavier personal armament), and jumping ability (including jet and rocket boost assistance), and provided the wearer with improved senses (infrared vision and

text: night vision

text: radar

text: , and amplified hearing), a completely

text: self-contained personal environment

text: including a drug-dispensing apparatus, sophisticated communications equipment, and tactical map displays. Their powered armor made the Mobile Infantry a hybrid between an infantry unit and an

text: armored one

text: For 40 years he has aimed his critical eye at the current work in personality psychology, social psychology, and behavioral genetics, always balancing a talent for synthesis with a seasoned researcher's sense of complexity.

text: "And the Tide Rushes In" is a song from The Moody Blues 1970 album A Question of Balance.  Written by band member Ray Thomas, "And the Tide Rushes In" connotes a sense of strife in a relationship with the narrator's lover symbolized as the tide, rushing in and washing the narrator's efforts away. The first verse conveys the discord: "I build them up/You knock them down." In the second verse, the narrator listens to his lover, yet acknowledges the complaints are the same ones always being offered: "I hear nothing new." The song's conclusion does not suggest a happy ending. The blackbird mentioned will continue to watch the events of the lovers' lives, but there's nothing to suggest the lovers will do anything different in their lives than what they've done up to this point. Acorns will grow into trees, but that's the only change the ending suggests.

text: "And the Tide Rushes In" is a song from

text: The Moody Blues

text: 1970 album

text: A Question of Balance

text: .  Written by band member

text: Ray Thomas

text: , "And the Tide Rushes In" connotes a sense of strife in a relationship with the narrator's lover symbolized as the tide, rushing in and washing the narrator's efforts away. The first verse conveys the discord: "I build them up/You knock them down." In the second verse, the narrator listens to his lover, yet acknowledges the complaints are the same ones always being offered: "I hear nothing new." The song's conclusion does not suggest a happy ending. The blackbird mentioned will continue to watch the events of the lovers' lives, but there's nothing to suggest the lovers will do anything different in their lives than what they've done up to this point. Acorns will grow into trees, but that's the only change the ending suggests.

text: In cases of acquired strabismus with double vision (diplopia), it is long-established state of the art to aim at curing the double vision and at the same time recovering a patient's earlier ability for stereo vision. For example, a patient may have had full stereo vision but later had diplopia due to a medical condition, losing stereo vision. In this case, medical interventions, including vision therapy and strabismus surgery, may remove the double vision and recover the stereo vision which had temporarily been absent in the patient.

text: In cases of acquired strabismus with

text: double vision

text: (diplopia), it is long-established state of the art to aim at curing the double vision and at the same time recovering a patient's earlier ability for stereo vision. For example, a patient may have had full stereo vision but later had diplopia due to a medical condition, losing stereo vision. In this case, medical interventions, including

text: vision therapy

text: and

text: strabismus surgery

text: , may remove the double vision and recover the stereo vision which had temporarily been absent in the patient.

text: The RDS gene provides instructions for making a protein called peripherin. This protein is essential for the normal function of light-sensing (photoreceptor) cells in the retina. Mutations in the RDS gene disrupt the structures in these cells that contain light-sensing pigments, leading to vision loss. It is unclear why RDS mutations affect only central vision in people with adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy.

text: The alterations in the sense of taste, usually a metallic taste, and sometimes smell are the only symptoms. The duration of the symptoms of dysgeusia depends on the cause. If the alteration in the sense of taste is due to gum disease, dental plaque, a temporary medication, or a short-term condition such as a cold, the dysgeusia should disappear once the cause is removed. In some cases, if lesions are present in the taste pathway and nerves have been damaged, the dysgeusia may be permanent.

text: The alterations in the sense of

text: taste

text: , usually a metallic taste, and sometimes

text: smell

text: are the only symptoms. The duration of the symptoms of dysgeusia depends on the cause. If the alteration in the sense of taste is due to

text: gum disease

text: dental plaque

text: , a temporary medication, or a short-term condition such as a

text: cold

text: , the dysgeusia should disappear once the cause is removed. In some cases, if

text: lesions

text: are present in the taste pathway and nerves have been damaged, the dysgeusia may be permanent.

text: Some physicians are skeptical about the efficacy of "vision therapy" stating that it lacks data and is mostly anecdotal. In 2009, the American Academy of Pediatrics along with the American Academy of Ophthalmology "essentially declared war" on developmental optometry, as Judith Warner wrote in a New York Times article. Even within the field of optometry the U.K. College of Optometrists noted the "Continued absence of rigorous scientific evidence to support behavioral management approaches" in the second college of Optometrists report. The American Academy of Pediatrics is also critical of behavioral optometry. In 2009 it reviewed 35 years of the literature in support of vision therapy and issued a statement — in conjunction with other ophthalmological associations — condemning the therapy and its contention that it could help with learning disabilities. Visual problems, it claimed, are not the basis for learning disabilities. It issued a stern warning about the seductions of treatments that sound convincing but aren’t based on science: "Ineffective, controversial methods of treatment such as vision therapy may give parents and teachers a false sense of security that a child’s learning difficulties are being addressed, may waste family and/or school resources and may delay proper instruction or remediation." The website by the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus states: "Behavioral vision therapy is considered to be scientifically unproven" and "There is no evidence that vision therapy delays the progression or leads to correction of myopia."

text: Already during the Cold War, some scholars stressed that the pattern accords the preponderance of power rather than balance of power. The balance of power presupposes such a distribution of power in the system that no single state is preponderant. In this sense, during the period 1945–1965 if "there was any threat to the general balance of power [...] it was from the United States rather than from the Soviet Union that this came."

text: Peace can be defined in a positive direction and in a negative sense. Positively, peace is a state of tranquility and stillness; however, in a negative sense, peace is the absence of war or violence.

text: Peace can be defined in a positive direction and in a negative sense. Positively, peace is a state of tranquility and stillness; however, in a negative sense, peace is the

text: absence

text: of

text: war

text: or violence.

text: Theism in the broadest sense is the belief in the existence of a god or gods. In the more specific sense used here theism refers to a particular doctrine concerning the nature of a God and its relationship to the universe.

text: Theism

text: in the broadest sense is the belief in the existence of a god or gods. In the more specific sense used here theism refers to a particular doctrine concerning the nature of a God and its relationship to the universe.

text: Consciously using the senses is a meaning that is partially predictable, though it only fills in meanings that do not have dedicated roots like 'watch' or 'listen'. These are fingrumi 'to touch/feel/palpate' (from 'finger'); gustumi 'to taste s.t.' (from gusti 'to taste (of food)'); and okulumi 'to make eyes at' (from 'eye'). For the latter, simple okuli is often used, and it has a sexual connotation that is not predictable. The word for the senses is sentumo, from senti 'to feel'.

text: The eye-sockets of Tyrannosaurus are positioned so that the eyes would point forward, giving them binocular vision slightly better than that of modern hawks. Jack Horner also pointed out that the tyrannosaur lineage had a history of steadily improving binocular vision. It is hard to see how natural selection would have favored this long-term trend if tyrannosaurs had been pure scavengers, which would not have needed the advanced depth perception that stereoscopic vision provides. In modern animals, binocular vision is found mainly in predators (the principal exceptions are primates, which need it for leaping from branch to branch). Unlike Tyrannosaurus, Tarbosaurus had a narrower skull more typical of other tyrannosaurids in which the eyes faced primarily sideways. All of this suggests that Tarbosaurus relied more on its senses of smell and hearing than on its eyesight. In Gorgosaurus specimens, the eye socket was circular rather than oval or keyhole-shaped as in other tyrannosaurid genera. In Daspletosaurus, this was a tall oval, somewhere in between the circular shape seen in Gorgosaurus and the 'keyhole' shape of Tyrannosaurus.

text: The eye-sockets of Tyrannosaurus are positioned so that the eyes would point forward, giving them

text: binocular vision

text: slightly better than that of modern

text: hawk

text: s.

text: Jack Horner

text: also pointed out that the tyrannosaur lineage had a history of steadily improving binocular vision. It is hard to see how

text: natural selection

text: would have favored this long-term trend if tyrannosaurs had been pure scavengers, which would not have needed the advanced

text: depth perception

text: that

text: stereoscopic vision

text: provides. In modern animals, binocular vision is found mainly in predators (the principal exceptions are

text: primate

text: s, which need it for leaping from branch to branch). Unlike Tyrannosaurus, Tarbosaurus had a narrower skull more typical of other tyrannosaurids in which the eyes faced primarily sideways. All of this suggests that Tarbosaurus relied more on its senses of smell and hearing than on its eyesight. In Gorgosaurus specimens, the

text: eye socket

text: was circular rather than oval or keyhole-shaped as in other tyrannosaurid genera. In Daspletosaurus, this was a tall oval, somewhere in between the circular shape seen in Gorgosaurus and the 'keyhole' shape of Tyrannosaurus.

text: A version of the modern Vision appeared in Earth X. Vision and the Avengers were fighting the Absorbing Man who had absorbed the intelligence of Ultron, giving him enhanced intelligence and better control over his powers. Vision watched as his teammates and wife the Scarlet Witch were slaughtered before his eyes. In response, the Vision downloaded a computer virus into the Absorbing Man. When the Absorbing Man tried to purge the virus by shrinking and changing into stone, the Vision smashed him into pieces. In order to prevent the Absorbing Man from being reborn, the Vision had the parts of Creel distributed among various loners and reclusive super-heroes. When Tony Stark created a group of Iron Avengers, robots based on Stark technology and modeled after the deceased Avengers, the Vision was tapped as the group's leader. He would lead the Iron Avengers and defend them from such threats as the parasitic Hydra, Asgardian Frost Giants, and the Skull's invading army.

text: A version of the modern Vision appeared in

text: Earth X

text: . Vision and the Avengers were fighting the

text: Absorbing Man

text: who had absorbed the intelligence of

text: Ultron

text: , giving him enhanced intelligence and better control over his powers. Vision watched as his teammates and wife the Scarlet Witch were slaughtered before his eyes. In response, the Vision downloaded a computer virus into the Absorbing Man. When the Absorbing Man tried to purge the virus by shrinking and changing into stone, the Vision smashed him into pieces. In order to prevent the Absorbing Man from being reborn, the Vision had the parts of Creel distributed among various loners and reclusive super-heroes. When Tony Stark created a group of Iron Avengers, robots based on Stark technology and modeled after the deceased Avengers, the Vision was tapped as the group's leader. He would lead the Iron Avengers and defend them from such threats as the parasitic

text: Hydra

text: Asgardian

text: Frost Giants

text: , and the

text: Skull

text: 's invading army.

text: These indications will suffice to show the general course of the argument in the first section of the Traité des sensations. He thoroughly developed this idea through the subsequent chapters: "Of the Ideas of a Man limited to the Sense of Smell," "Of a Man limited to the Sense of Hearing," "Of Smell and Hearing combined," "Of Taste by itself, and of Taste combined with Smell and Hearing," "Of a Man limited to the Sense of Sight."

text: Kosmos is the most complex and ambiguous work by Gombrowicz. In this text the author portrayed how human beings create a vision of the world sense, what forces, symbolic order and passion take part in this process and how the novel form organises itself in the process of creating sense.

text: Edward James, in a section of his book entitled ‘The Sense of Wonder’ says on this point of the origin of the 'sense of wonder' in SF:

text: Compared to children, adolescents are more likely to question others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths. Through experience outside the family circle, they learn that rules they were taught as absolute are in fact relativistic. They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of common sense—not touching a hot stove—and those that are based on culturally-relative standards (codes of etiquette, not dating until a certain age), a delineation that younger children do not make. This can lead to a period of questioning authority in all domains.

text: Proper use of a balance board is a test of both physical skill and the user's sense of balance.

text: Proper use of a balance board is a test of both physical skill and the user's

text: sense of balance

text: The Vision featured a monochromatic design inside and out, with no brand or model badge on the doors (as found on the Concorde), and available aluminum wheels with a simple design. The single color motif was more pronounced on models without the grey lower body trim paint scheme. In keeping with its high-performance image, the Vision was the only LH sedan to come standard with "touring" suspension. "Performance" suspension was an available option on the Vision.

text: Sperry first became interested in "split-brain" research when he was working on the topic of interocular transfer, which occurs when "one learns with one eye how to solve a problem then, with that eye covered and using the other eye, one already knows how to solve the problem". Sperry asked the question: "how can the learning with one eye appear with the use of the other?" Sperry cut nerves in the eyes of cats so the left eye was connected to the left hemisphere and the right eye was connected to the right hemisphere; he also cut the corpus callosum. The cats were then taught to distinguish a triangle from a square with the right eye covered. Then the cats were presented the same problem with the left eye covered; the cats had no idea what they had just learned with the right eye and because of this could be taught to distinguish a square from a triangle. Depending on which eye was covered, the cats would either distinguish a square from a triangle or a triangle from a square, demonstrating that the left and right hemispheres learned and remembered two different events. This led Sperry to believe that the left and right hemispheres function separately when not connected by the corpus callosum.

text: Nezhno has also said that he lacks any sense of touch, but it is possible that he might have felt Mercury touch him at some point.

text: Besides Spider-Man, Daredevil can pick up the signal with his Radar Sense from the Spider-Tracers due to his heightened sense of hearing being able to hear the signal. Unlike Spider-Man, it is more difficult for Daredevil to follow the signal, as he must drown out all other sounds around him to maintain focus.

text: Besides Spider-Man,

text: Daredevil

text: can pick up the signal with his Radar Sense from the Spider-Tracers due to his heightened sense of hearing being able to hear the signal. Unlike Spider-Man, it is more difficult for Daredevil to follow the signal, as he must drown out all other sounds around him to maintain focus.

text: As far as senses, which vary slightly depending on species, they are superior in most ways to other creatures; like any predator, they have exceptionally acute senses, which only increase with age. Like avian creatures, they have excellent depth perception and comparingly good peripheral vision, able to see twice as well as a human in daylight; unlike avians, they have great night vision, and are able to see even when conditions have no light to offer, although in such conditions they cannot discern between colors.

text: Their sense of smell is thought to be poor, and their eyes are degenerated and vision is thought to be limited to the detection of light, but the shrew compensates by using echolocation and a fine sense of touch.

text: Their sense of smell is thought to be poor, and their eyes are degenerated and vision is thought to be limited to the detection of light, but the shrew compensates by using

text: echolocation

text: and a fine sense of touch.

text: In professional wine tasting, there is generally a distinction made between "aromas" and a wine's "bouquet" while in casual wine tasting these two terms are used interchangeably. An aroma refers to the smells unique to the grape variety and are most readily demonstrated in a varietal wine—such as lychees with Gewürztraminer or black currant with Cabernet Sauvignon. These are smells that are commonly associated with a young wine. As a wine ages, chemical reactions among acids, sugars, alcohols and phenolic compounds create new smells that are known as a wine's bouquet. These can include honey in an aged Sauternes or truffles in a Pinot noir. The term bouquet can also be expanded to include the smells derived from fermentation and exposure to oak. In Burgundy, the aromas of wines are sub-divided into three categories-primary, secondary and tertiary aromas. Primary aromas are those specific to the grape variety itself. Secondary aromas are those derived from fermentation and oak aging. Tertiary aromas are those that develop through bottled aging.

text: In professional wine tasting, there is generally a distinction made between "aromas" and a wine's "bouquet" while in casual wine tasting these two terms are used interchangeably. An aroma refers to the smells unique to the

text: grape variety

text: and are most readily demonstrated in a

text: varietal

text: wine—such as

text: lychee

text: s with

text: Gewürztraminer

text: or

text: black currant

text: with

text: Cabernet Sauvignon

text: . These are smells that are commonly associated with a young wine. As a wine ages, chemical reactions among

text: acids

text: sugars

text: alcohols

text: and

text: phenolic compounds

text: create new smells that are known as a wine's bouquet. These can include

text: honey

text: in an aged

text: Sauternes

text: or

text: truffles

text: in a

text: Pinot noir

text: . The term bouquet can also be expanded to include the smells derived from fermentation and exposure to

text: oak

text: . In Burgundy, the aromas of wines are sub-divided into three categories-primary, secondary and tertiary aromas. Primary aromas are those specific to the grape variety itself. Secondary aromas are those derived from fermentation and oak aging. Tertiary aromas are those that develop through bottled aging.

text: Olfactory problems can be divided into different types based on their malfunction. The olfactory dysfunction can be total (anosmia), incomplete (partial anosmia, hyposmia, or microsmia), distorted (dysosmia), or can be characterized by spontaneous sensations like phantosmia. An inability to recognize odors despite a normally functioning olfactory system is termed olfactory agnosia. Hyperosmia is a rare condition typified by an abnormally heightened sense of smell. Like vision and hearing, the olfactory problems can be bilateral or unilateral meaning if a person has anosmia on the right side of the nose but not the left, it is a unilateral right anosmia. On the other hand, if it is on both sides of the nose it is called bilateral anosmia or total anosmia.

text: Olfactory problems can be divided into different types based on their malfunction. The olfactory dysfunction can be total (

text: anosmia

text: ), incomplete (partial anosmia,

text: hyposmia

text: , or microsmia), distorted (

text: dysosmia

text: ), or can be characterized by spontaneous sensations like

text: phantosmia

text: . An inability to recognize odors despite a normally functioning olfactory system is termed olfactory

text: agnosia

text: Hyperosmia

text: is a rare condition typified by an abnormally heightened sense of smell. Like vision and hearing, the olfactory problems can be bilateral or unilateral meaning if a person has anosmia on the right side of the nose but not the left, it is a unilateral right anosmia. On the other hand, if it is on both sides of the nose it is called bilateral anosmia or total anosmia.

text: For brine shrimp, many functions, including swimming, digestion and reproduction are not controlled through the brain; instead, local nervous system ganglia may control some regulation or synchronisation of these functions. Autotomy, the voluntary shedding or dropping of parts of the body for defence, is also controlled locally along the nervous system. Artemia have two types of eyes. They have two widely separated compound eyes mounted on flexible stalks. These compound eyes are the main optical sense organ in adult brine shrimps. The median eye, or the naupliar eye, is situated anteriorly in the centre of the head and is the only functional optical sense organ in the nauplii, which is functional until the adult stage.

text: For brine shrimp, many functions, including swimming, digestion and reproduction are not controlled through the brain; instead, local nervous system

text: ganglia

text: may control some regulation or synchronisation of these functions. Autotomy, the voluntary shedding or dropping of parts of the body for defence, is also controlled locally along the nervous system. Artemia have two types of eyes. They have two widely separated

text: compound eye

text: s mounted on flexible stalks. These compound eyes are the main optical sense organ in adult brine shrimps. The median eye, or the

text: naupliar eye

text: , is situated anteriorly in the centre of the head and is the only functional optical sense organ in the nauplii, which is functional until the adult stage.

text: The five elements are associated with the five senses, and act as the gross medium for the experience of sensations. The basest element, earth, created using all the other elements, can be perceived by all five senses – (i) hearing, (ii) touch, (iii) sight, (iv) taste, and (v) smell. The next higher element, water, has no odor but can be heard, felt, seen and tasted. Next comes fire, which can be heard, felt and seen. Air can be heard and felt. "Akasha" (aether) is beyond the senses of smell, taste, sight, and touch; it being accessible to the sense of hearing alone.

text: Tactile illusions are illusions that exploit the sense of touch.  Some touch illusions require active touch (e.g., movement of the fingers or hands), whereas others can be evoked passively (e.g., with external stimuli that press against the skin).

text: Tactile illusions are

text: illusion

text: s that exploit the

text: sense

text: of

text: touch

text: .  Some touch illusions require active touch (e.g., movement of the fingers or hands), whereas others can be evoked passively (e.g., with external stimuli that press against the skin).

text: Maltese dogs can exhibit signs of tear staining underneath the eyes. Dark staining in the hair around the eyes ("tear staining") can be a problem in this breed, and is mostly a function of how much the individual dog's eyes water and the size of the tear ducts. To get rid of tear staining, a solution or powder can be specially made for tear stains, which can often be found in local pet stores. A fine-toothed metal pet comb, moistened with hot water and applied perhaps twice weekly, also works extremely well. The antibiotic Cephalexin has been shown to completely clear up "tear staining" in some cases. Maltese are susceptible to "reverse sneezing", which sounds like a honking, snorting or gagging sound and results often from over-excitement, play, allergies, or upon waking up.  It is not life-threatening or dangerous—it will go away after about a minute.

text: Maltese dogs can exhibit signs of tear staining underneath the eyes. Dark staining in the hair around the eyes ("tear staining") can be a problem in this breed, and is mostly a function of how much the individual dog's eyes water and the size of the tear ducts. To get rid of tear staining, a solution or powder can be specially made for tear stains, which can often be found in local pet stores. A fine-toothed metal pet comb, moistened with hot water and applied perhaps twice weekly, also works extremely well. The antibiotic Cephalexin has been shown to completely clear up "tear staining" in some cases. Maltese are susceptible to "

text: reverse sneezing

text: ", which sounds like a honking, snorting or gagging sound and results often from over-excitement, play, allergies, or upon waking up.  It is not life-threatening or dangerous—it will go away after about a minute.

text: Many species of centipedes lack eyes, but some possess a variable number of ocelli, which are sometimes clustered together to form true compound eyes. However, these eyes are only capable of discerning light and dark, and have no true vision. In some species, the first pair of legs at the head end of the centipede acts as sense organs similar to antennae, but unlike the antennae of most other animals, theirs point backwards. Unusual sense organs found in some groups are the organs of Tömösváry. These are located at the base of the antennae, and consist of a disc-like structure with a central pore surrounded by sensory cells. They are probably used for sensing vibrations, and may even provide a sense of hearing.

text: Many species of centipedes lack eyes, but some possess a variable number of

text: ocelli

text: , which are sometimes clustered together to form true

text: compound eye

text: s. However, these eyes are only capable of discerning light and dark, and have no true vision. In some species, the first pair of legs at the head end of the centipede acts as sense organs similar to antennae, but unlike the antennae of most other animals, theirs point backwards. Unusual sense organs found in some groups are the

text: organs of Tömösváry

text: . These are located at the base of the antennae, and consist of a disc-like structure with a central pore surrounded by sensory cells. They are probably used for sensing vibrations, and may even provide a sense of hearing.

text: Other problems regarding a sense of community arise when the online community attempts to attract and retain newcomers. These problems include difficulty of recruiting newcomers, making them stay committed early on, and controlling their possible inappropriate behavior. If an online community is able to solve these problems with their newcomers, then they can increase the sense of community within the entire group. A sense of community is also heightened in online communities when each person has a willingness to participate due to intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Findings also show that newcomers may be unaware that an online social networking website even has a community. As these users build their own profiles and get used to the culture of the group over time, they eventually self-identify with the community and develop a sense of belonging to the community.

text: Other problems regarding a sense of community arise when the

text: online community

text: attempts to attract and retain newcomers. These problems include difficulty of recruiting newcomers, making them stay committed early on, and controlling their possible inappropriate behavior. If an online community is able to solve these problems with their newcomers, then they can increase the

text: sense of community

text: within the entire group. A sense of community is also heightened in online communities when each person has a willingness to participate due to

text: intrinsic

text: and

text: extrinsic motivation

text: s. Findings also show that newcomers may be unaware that an online social networking website even has a community. As these users build their own profiles and get used to the culture of the group over time, they eventually self-identify with the community and develop a sense of belonging to the community.

text: So while near axis fill works in the technical sense and works fine for general candid shooting it isn't the ideal strategy for a close-up portrait were the eyes are a more critical focal point.  The more ideal strategy for portraits is open shade or backlit which allows the subject to raise their face and eyes into the skylight without squinting.

text: The episode ends with a monologue by Jerry: "Why do we need B.O.? What is the function of it? Everything in nature has a reason, has a purpose, except B.O. Doesn't make any sense - do something good, hard work, exercise, smell very bad. This is the way the human being is designed. You move, you stink. Why can't our bodies help us? Why can't sweat smell good?"

text: What are the factors which cause a gap between the existing and desired behavior of stakeholders? Is the problem due to the stakeholders' lack of awareness or knowledge of the nature of the problem? Or is it attitudinal in nature? Could the gap be due to their lack of skills to carry out certain practices?Situation analysis likewise includes assessing the communication resources in the area which could be tapped for the communication program. Knowledge of the area's mass and small media, as well as interpersonal means of communication, should contribute substantially to strategy development.Programme analysisWhen doing program analysis, program planners need to take both an inward and an outward look at the situation that is, looking at the organization's own vision, policies, resources, strengths, and weaknesses relevant to the problem.Are there adequate resources to realize this vision? How well are program managers using available resources? At the same time, it is important to scan the environment for existing programs that could affect, positively or negatively, the communication strategy to be developed.

text: Marx frequently painted "Felliniesque characters and impressions" in her works, often using modernist techniques.  "Blue Figures In The Studio" is one such example.  As a "visual satirist", Marcia Marx’s works, paintings and sculptures, showed a sense of the ridiculous and an eye for the bizarre and comedic elements in the human experience.  Marx’s works clearly reflected her strong mastery of medium and message.

text: Marx frequently painted "

text: Felliniesque

text: characters and impressions" in her works, often using

text: modernist

text: techniques.  "Blue Figures In The Studio" is one such example.  As a "

text: visual satirist

text: ", Marcia Marx’s works, paintings and sculptures, showed a sense of the ridiculous and an eye for the bizarre and comedic elements in the human experience.  Marx’s works clearly reflected her strong mastery of medium and message.

text: Unknown, inedible due to rancid smell and taste.

text: As at the close of 2008, Vision operated on over 360 licences, including low powered services in metropolitan suburbs and rural towns. It also operated some higher powered services in some regional areas and in Western Melbourne on 1611 AM. By mid 2015, Vision had expanded to over 600 relay stations, mainly LPON licences (low power open narrowcast) but also including Adelaide 1611 AM. Vision's talk and music programming is aimed at "unpacking" what it means to follow Jesus Christ in an understandable way.

text: As at the close of 2008, Vision operated on over 360 licences, including low powered services in metropolitan suburbs and rural towns. It also operated some higher powered services in some regional areas and in Western Melbourne on 1611 AM. By mid 2015, Vision had expanded to over 600 relay stations, mainly LPON licences (low power open narrowcast) but also including Adelaide 1611 AM. Vision's talk and music programming is aimed at "unpacking" what it means to follow

text: Jesus Christ

text: in an understandable way.

text: When a computer vision system or computer vision algorithm is designed the choice of feature representation can be a critical issue.  In some cases, a higher level of detail in the description of a feature may be necessary for solving the problem, but this comes at the cost of having to deal with more data and more demanding processing.  Below, some of the factors which are relevant for choosing a suitable representation are discussed.  In this discussion, an instance of a feature representation is referred to as a , or simply descriptor.

text: In a 2014 interview with Saul Ostrow, Martínez Celaya observed, "So it might be that what binds my work together is not a look or even a body of knowledge but rather the insistence the work must shine a light on the choices I’m making. In that sense, the central preoccupation of my work is the same that animated my first drawings as a kid: What is this life and how do I make sense of it?"

text: The sense of touch was first utilized as a medium for communication in the late 1950s. It is not only a promising but also a unique communication channel. In contrast to vision and hearing, the two traditional senses employed in HCI, the sense of touch is proximal: it senses objects that are in contact with the body, and it is bidirectonal in that it supports both perception and acting on the environment.

text: U.S. Endicott-era balanced pillar and masking parapet mounts were, in a sense, a hybrid of simple pedestal mounts and disappearing mounts: the guns were hidden from observation while out of action, but, once engaged, remained vulnerable to direct observation and direct fire. Since the barrels substantially overlapped the parapet of their installation, it was impossible to point the piece while concealed. The balanced pillar mount was used primarily with the 5-inch gun M1897, while the masking parapet mount was a Driggs-Seabury patent used primarily with the manufacturer's 3-inch gun M1898. During World War I many of these carriages were disabled in the "up" position, and both types and their associated guns were removed from service in the 1920s.

text: U.S. Endicott-era balanced pillar and masking parapet mounts were, in a sense, a hybrid of simple pedestal mounts and disappearing mounts: the guns were hidden from observation while out of action, but, once engaged, remained vulnerable to direct observation and direct fire. Since the barrels substantially overlapped the parapet of their installation, it was impossible to point the piece while concealed. The balanced pillar mount was used primarily with the 5-inch gun M1897, while the masking parapet mount was a

text: Driggs-Seabury

text: patent used primarily with the manufacturer's

text: 3-inch gun M1898

text: . During World War I many of these carriages were disabled in the "up" position, and both types and their associated guns were removed from service in the 1920s.

text: According to the Ancient Greeks, vision was thought to a visual spirit emanating from the eyes that allowed an object to be perceived. The 11th century Iraqi scientist Ibn al-Haytham, also known as Al-hazen in Latin, developed a radically new concept of human vision. Ibn al-Haytham took a straightforward approach towards vision by explaining that the eye was an optical instrument. The description on the anatomy of the eye led him to form the basis for his theory of image formation, which is explained through the refraction of light rays passing between 2 media of different densities. Ibn al-Haytham developed this new theory on vision from experimental investigations. In the 12th century, his Book of Optics was translated into Latin and continued to be studied both in the Islamic world and in Europe until the 17th century.

text: According to the

text: Ancient Greeks

text: , vision was thought to a visual spirit emanating from the eyes that allowed an object to be perceived. The 11th century Iraqi scientist

text: Ibn al-Haytham

text: , also known as Al-hazen in

text: Latin

text: , developed a radically new concept of human vision. Ibn al-Haytham took a straightforward approach towards vision by explaining that the eye was an optical instrument. The description on the anatomy of the eye led him to form the basis for his theory of image formation, which is explained through the refraction of light rays passing between 2 media of different densities. Ibn al-Haytham developed this new theory on vision from experimental investigations. In the 12th century, his

text: Book of Optics

text: was translated into Latin and continued to be studied both in the Islamic world and in Europe until the 17th century.

text: The Celestial Voyages historical science fiction series by Jeff Provine uses magnetic boots as the main sense of balance in its Edwardian starships.

text: Superboy-Prime has all the basic abilities of a Kryptonian except at a much higher level when compared to most adult Kryptonians, exposed to yellow sunlight: superhuman strength, speed, senses, healing, endurance, superbreath, flight, x-ray vision, telescopic vision, microscopic vision, heat vision, and invulnerability.

text: Anodyne was well received by critics domestically and internationally. Allmusic writer Jason Ankeny wrote, "Uncle Tupelo never struck a finer balance between rock and country than on Anodyne". Mark Kemp wrote for Rolling Stone that the band "[has] an intuitive sense of the simplicity and dynamics of a country song." German music periodical Spex compared the album to Neil Young and to Little Feat's debut album. At the end of the year, Anodyne placed at number twenty-eight on The Village Voices Pazz & Jop critics' poll and at number nineteen on the Spex critics' poll. Nathan Brackett praised Max Johnston's contributions in the 2004 book The New Rolling Stone Album Guide and called the album "Tupelo's finest effort." Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet listed Anodyne in 1999 as one of "The Best Albums of the Century". In 2008, Rolling Stone critic Tom Moon listed Anodyne among the 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die.

text: Anodyne was well received by critics domestically and internationally.

text: Allmusic

text: writer Jason Ankeny wrote, "Uncle Tupelo never struck a finer balance between rock and country than on Anodyne".

text: Mark Kemp

text: wrote for

text: Rolling Stone

text: that the band "[has] an intuitive sense of the simplicity and dynamics of a country song." German music periodical

text: Spex

text: compared the album to

text: Neil Young

text: and to

text: Little Feat

text: 's

text: debut album

text: . At the end of the year, Anodyne placed at number twenty-eight on

text: The Village Voice

text: s

text: Pazz & Jop

text: critics' poll and at number nineteen on the Spex critics' poll. Nathan Brackett praised Max Johnston's contributions in the 2004 book The New Rolling Stone Album Guide and called the album "Tupelo's finest effort." Norwegian newspaper

text: Dagbladet

text: listed Anodyne in 1999 as one of "The Best Albums of the Century". In 2008,

text: Rolling Stone

text: critic Tom Moon listed Anodyne among the

text: 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die

text: Side effects can be severe and include infection, cardiac damage, hypertension, blurred vision, liver and kidney problems (tacrolimus nephrotoxicity), hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, itching, lung damage (sirolimus also causes lung damage), and various neuropsychiatric problems such as loss of appetite, insomnia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, confusion, weakness, depression, vivid nightmares, cramps, neuropathy, seizures, tremors, and catatonia.

text: Side effects can be severe and include infection, cardiac damage,

text: hypertension

text: , blurred vision, liver and

text: kidney

text: problems (tacrolimus

text: nephrotoxicity

text: hyperkalemia

text: hypomagnesemia

text: hyperglycemia

text: diabetes mellitus

text: itch

text: ing, lung damage (

text: sirolimus

text: also causes lung damage), and various neuropsychiatric problems such as loss of appetite,

text: insomnia

entity_name: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

text: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

text: , confusion, weakness, depression, vivid nightmares, cramps, neuropathy,

text: seizure

text: s,

text: tremor

text: s, and

text: catatonia

text: After the war, Parinaud returned to Paris to continue his studies. His thesis for medical school was on optic neuritis in acute meningitis in children, which earned him respect and recognition in the field. His other fields of work included multiple sclerosis, ophthalmoplegic migraine, hysteria, supranuclear lesions, and concomitant squint; all in the realm of neurology. Parinaud also worked in the physiology of vision, where he worked on role of the visual receptors, the light sense, night-blindness, and color vision.

text: After the war, Parinaud returned to Paris to continue his studies. His thesis for medical school was on

text: optic neuritis

text: in acute

text: meningitis

text: in children, which earned him respect and recognition in the field. His other fields of work included

text: multiple sclerosis

text: ophthalmoplegic migraine

text: hysteria

text: supranuclear lesions

text: , and

text: concomitant squint

text: ; all in the realm of

text: neurology

text: . Parinaud also worked in the

text: physiology of vision

text: , where he worked on role of the

text: visual receptors

text: , the

text: light sense

text: night-blindness

text: , and

text: color vision

text: He did research on the physiology of the senses of taste and smell in man and in animals and their clinical trial.On the behavioral, electrophysiological and autonomous reactions to chemical stimuli.And on the developmental aspects of oral functions.

text: He did research on the

text: physiology

text: of the

text: senses

text: of

text: taste

text: and

text: smell

text: in man and in animals and their

text: clinical trial

text: .On the behavioral,

text: electrophysiological

text: and autonomous reactions to chemical stimuli.And on the developmental aspects of oral functions.

text: The appellate division acknowledged the subjective nature of the calculus involved, which appealed to "factors largely resting on value judgments of the court," but emphasized that those judgments must necessarily rest on facts in the possession of the parties; such factors should also be set out in the record to facilitate review. The Second Department believed that this hearing requirement pitched the appropriate balance:

text: This community came into being at a very troubled time in Spanish history, one of great civil unrest and violence at the height of the First Spanish Republic. Butinyà, who is honored as their co-founder, wrote a short Rule of Life for the small community, in which he envisioned their demonstrating, through their lives, that there was a fraternity in labour, and through their creating spaces where workers could become free and critical observers of their society in the light of the Gospel. Bonifacia Rodríguez developed deep trust in this vision, and maintained a strong sense of her life as an imitation of that of St. Joseph, who worked quietly building a home in Nazareth. This was the vision which was to sustain her throughout her life.

text: This community came into being at a very troubled time in

text: Spanish

text: history, one of great civil unrest and violence at the height of the

text: First Spanish Republic

text: . Butinyà, who is honored as their co-founder, wrote a short Rule of Life for the small community, in which he envisioned their demonstrating, through their lives, that there was a fraternity in labour, and through their creating spaces where workers could become free and critical observers of their society in the light of the

text: Gospel

text: . Bonifacia Rodríguez developed deep trust in this vision, and maintained a strong sense of her life as an imitation of that of St. Joseph, who worked quietly building a home in Nazareth. This was the vision which was to sustain her throughout her life.

text: Channel catfish possess very keen senses of smell and taste.    At the pits of their nostrils (nares) are very sensitive odor sensing organs with a very high concentration of olfactory receptors.     In channel catfish, these organs are sensitive enough to detect several amino acids at about one part per 100 million in water.     In addition, the channel catfish has taste buds distributed over the surface of its entire body.    These buds are especially concentrated on the fish's four pair of barbels (whiskers) surrounding the mouth — about 25 buds per square millimeter.    This combination of exceptional senses of taste and smell allows the channel catfish to find food in dark, stained, or muddy water with relative ease.   Channel catfish also possess a Weberian apparatus, which amplifies sound waves that would otherwise not be perceivable.

text: Channel catfish possess very keen senses of smell and taste.    At the pits of their

text: nostrils

text: (nares) are very sensitive odor sensing organs with a very high concentration of

text: olfactory receptor

text: s.     In channel catfish, these organs are sensitive enough to detect several

text: amino acid

text: s at about one part per 100 million in water.     In addition, the channel catfish has taste buds distributed over the surface of its entire body.    These buds are especially concentrated on the fish's four pair of

text: barbels

text: (whiskers) surrounding the mouth — about 25 buds per square millimeter.    This combination of exceptional senses of taste and smell allows the channel catfish to find food in dark, stained, or muddy water with relative ease.   Channel catfish also possess a

text: Weberian apparatus

text: , which amplifies sound waves that would otherwise not be perceivable.

text: Morton Heilig wrote in the 1950s of an "Experience Theatre" that could encompass all the senses in an effective manner, thus drawing the viewer into the onscreen activity. He built a prototype of his vision dubbed the Sensorama in 1962, along with five short films to be displayed in it while engaging multiple senses (sight, sound, smell, and touch). Predating digital computing, the Sensorama was a mechanical device. Around the same time, Douglas Engelbart used computer screens as both input and output devices. In 1968, Ivan Sutherland, with the help of his student Bob Sproull, created what is widely considered to be the first virtual reality and augmented reality (AR) head-mounted display (HMD) system. It was primitive both in terms of user interface and realism, and the HMD to be worn by the user was so heavy that it had to be suspended from the ceiling. The graphics comprising the virtual environment were simple wire-frame model rooms. The formidable appearance of the device inspired its name, The Sword of Damocles.

text: Morton Heilig

text: wrote in the 1950s of an "Experience Theatre" that could encompass all the senses in an effective manner, thus drawing the viewer into the onscreen activity. He built a prototype of his vision dubbed the

text: Sensorama

text: in 1962, along with five short films to be displayed in it while engaging multiple senses (sight, sound, smell, and touch). Predating digital computing, the Sensorama was a

text: mechanical device

text: . Around the same time,

text: Douglas Engelbart

text: used computer screens as both input and output devices. In 1968,

text: Ivan Sutherland

text: , with the help of his student

text: Bob Sproull

text: , created what is widely considered to be the first virtual reality and

text: augmented reality

text: (AR)

text: head-mounted display

text: (HMD) system. It was primitive both in terms of

text: user interface

text: and

text: realism

text: , and the HMD to be worn by the user was so heavy that it had to be suspended from the ceiling. The graphics comprising the virtual environment were simple

text: wire-frame model

text: rooms. The formidable appearance of the device inspired its name,

text: The Sword of Damocles

text:
Carolina
 Gave me Dinah;
I'm the proudest one
Beneath the Dixie sun.

News is spreadin'
'Bout our weddin';
I hear church bells ringin',
Here's the song my heart keeps singin':

Dinah,
  Is there anyone finer
In the state of Carolina?
If there is and you know her,
Show her!

Dinah,
With her Dixie eyes blazin',
How I love to sit and gaze in
To the eyes of Dinah Lee!

Yet, every night,
My, how I shake with fright,
Because my Dinah might,
Change her mind about me!

But if Dinah,
Ever wandered to China,
I would hop an ocean liner,
Just to be with Dinah Lee!

Dinah,
Is there anyone finer
In the state of Carolina?
If there is and you know her,
Show her!

Dinah,
With her Dixie eyes blazin',
How I love to sit and gaze in
To the eyes of Dinah Lee!

Yet, every night,
My, how I shake with fright,
Because my Dinah might,
Change her mind about me!

But if Dinah,
Ever wandered to China,
I would hop an ocean liner,
Just to be with Dinah Lee!

text: In The Book of Healing, Avicenna discussed the mind, its existence, the mind and body relationship, sensation, perception, etc. He wrote that at the most common level, the influence of the mind on the body can be seen in voluntary movements, in that the body obeys whenever the mind wishes to move the body. He further writes that the second level of influence of the mind on the body is from emotions and the will. As an example, he states that if a plank of wood is placed as a bridge over a chasm, a person could hardly creep over it without falling if that person only pictures himself/herself in a possible fall so vividly that the "natural power of limbs accord with it." He also writes that strong negative emotions can have a negative effect on the vegetative functions of an individual and may even lead to death in some cases. He also discusses hypnosis (al Wahm al-Amil), stating that one could create conditions in another person so that he/she accepts the reality of hypnosis. Avicenna was also the first to divide human perception into the five external senses (the classical senses of hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch known since antiquity) and the five internal senses which he discovered himself. The five internal senses he discovered were: the sensus communis (seat of all senses) which integrates sense data into percepts; the imaginative faculty which conserves the perceptual images; the sense of imagination which acts upon these images by combining and separating them, serving as the seat of the practical intellect; Wahm (instinct) which perceives qualities (such as good and bad, love and hate, etc.) and forms the basis of a person's character whether or not influenced by reason; and intentions (ma'ni) which conserve all these notions in memory.

text: In The Book of Healing, Avicenna discussed the

text: mind

text: , its

text: existence

text: , the mind and body relationship,

text: sensation

text: perception

text: , etc. He wrote that at the most common level, the influence of the mind on the body can be seen in voluntary movements, in that the body obeys whenever the mind wishes to move the body. He further writes that the second level of influence of the mind on the body is from

text: emotion

text: s and the

text: will

text: . As an example, he states that if a plank of wood is placed as a bridge over a

text: chasm

text: , a person could hardly creep over it without falling if that person only pictures himself/herself in a possible fall so vividly that the "natural power of limbs accord with it." He also writes that strong negative emotions can have a negative effect on the vegetative functions of an individual and may even lead to death in some cases. He also discusses

text: hypnosis

text: (al Wahm al-Amil), stating that one could create conditions in another person so that he/she accepts the reality of hypnosis. Avicenna was also the first to divide human

text: perception

text: into the five external

text: sense

text: s (the classical senses of

text: hearing

text: sight

text: smell

text: taste

text: and

text: touch

text: known since antiquity) and the five internal senses which he discovered himself. The five internal senses he discovered were: the sensus communis (seat of all senses) which integrates sense data into

text: percept

text: s; the imaginative faculty which conserves the perceptual images; the sense of

text: imagination

text: which acts upon these images by combining and separating them, serving as the seat of the practical

text: intellect

text: ; Wahm (

text: instinct

text: ) which perceives qualities (such as good and bad, love and hate, etc.) and forms the basis of a person's character whether or not influenced by

text: reason

text: ; and

text: intention

text: s (ma'ni) which conserve all these notions in

text: memory

text: The EVO Shift has a balanced hardware-software user interface, featuring seven hardware/touch sensitive buttons, four of which are on the front of the device. Input and interaction with the device is balanced between the hardware and software user interface and in most situations require users to use hardware/touch sensitive buttons often throughout Android OS. Like most Android devices, the EVO features four main touch-sensitive buttons on the front of its device which are the Home, Menu, Back, and Search. The Home button displays the Sense Home screen. The Menu button displays menu options in various applications although it can also be used for other purposes, the Back button displays the prior page or screen a user was on, and the Search button mainly allows search through the phone, although it can also be used for other purposes in various applications. Unlike most smart-phones, the device has no hardware ringer switch. On the left spine are placed the volume adjustment controls. A multifunction sleep/wake button is placed on the top of the device which serves as the unit's power and sleep button and also controls phone calls. The touchscreen furnishes the remainder of the user interface.

text: The EVO Shift has a balanced hardware-software user interface, featuring seven hardware/touch sensitive buttons, four of which are on the front of the device. Input and interaction with the device is balanced between the hardware and software user interface and in most situations require users to use hardware/touch sensitive buttons often throughout Android OS. Like most Android devices, the EVO features four main touch-sensitive buttons on the front of its device which are the Home, Menu, Back, and Search. The Home button displays the Sense Home screen. The Menu button displays menu options in various applications although it can also be used for other purposes, the Back button displays the prior page or screen a user was on, and the Search button mainly allows search through the phone, although it can also be used for other purposes in various applications. Unlike most smart-phones, the device has no hardware ringer switch. On the left spine are placed the volume adjustment controls. A multifunction sleep/wake button is placed on the top of the device which serves as the unit's power and sleep button and also controls phone calls. The touchscreen furnishes the remainder of the

text: user interface

text: The eyelash grows at the edges of the eyelid and protects the eye from dirt. The eyelash is to humans, camels, horses, ostriches etc., what whiskers are to cats; they are used to sense when dirt, dust, or any other potentially harmful object is too close to the eye. The eye reflexively closes as a result of this sensation.

text: The

text: eyelash

text: grows at the edges of the eyelid and protects the eye from dirt. The

text: eyelash

text: is to humans, camels, horses, ostriches etc., what

text: whiskers

text: are to

text: cat

text: s; they are used to sense when dirt,

text: dust

text: , or any other potentially harmful object is too close to the eye. The eye reflexively closes as a result of this

text: sensation

text: Touch is the area outside two touch-lines which define the sides of the playing area in a game of rugby football. As the touch-lines are not part of the playing area they are usually included as part of touch.

text: Touch is the area outside two

text: touch-line

text: s which define the sides of the playing area in a game of

text: rugby football

text: . As the touch-lines are not part of the playing area they are usually included as part of touch.

text: There are a variety of touchscreen technologies with different methods of sensing touch.

text: "Habré was a remarkably able man with a brilliant sense of how to play the outside world," a former senior U.S. official said. "He was also a bloodthirsty tyrant and torturer. It is fair to say we knew who and what he was and chose to turn a blind eye."

text: In the second section of the treatise, Condillac invests his statue with the sense of touch, which first informs it of the existence of external objects. In a very careful and elaborate analysis, he distinguishes the various elements in our tactile experiences-the touching of one's own body, the touching of objects other than one's own body, the experience of movement, the exploration of surfaces by the hands: he traces the growth of the statue's perceptions of extension, distance and shape. The third section deals with the combination of touch with the other senses. The fourth section deals with the desires, activities and ideas of an isolated man who enjoys possession of all the senses; and ends with observations on a "wild boy" who was found living among bears in the forests of Lithuania.

text: In the second section of the treatise, Condillac invests his statue with the sense of touch, which first informs it of the existence of external objects. In a very careful and elaborate analysis, he distinguishes the various elements in our tactile experiences-the touching of one's own body, the touching of objects other than one's own body, the experience of movement, the exploration of surfaces by the hands: he traces the growth of the statue's perceptions of extension, distance and shape. The third section deals with the combination of touch with the other senses. The fourth section deals with the desires, activities and ideas of an isolated man who enjoys possession of all the senses; and ends with observations on a "

text: wild boy

text: " who was found living among bears in the forests of

text: Lithuania

text: Synaptics products are based on capacitive sensing technology, as opposed to resistive touchscreen technologies. Capacitive touch sensing works by sensing the electrical properties of the finger(s) touching the sensor; a resistive touchscreen senses direct pressure between two clear electrical layers that are separated by a small space, requiring an amount of force. Capacitive touch sensing solutions are solid state, making them more robust than resistive solutions.<br>Synaptics's human interface solutions are currently based upon the following key technologies:

text: Synaptics products are based on

text: capacitive sensing

text: technology, as opposed to

text: resistive touchscreen

text: technologies. Capacitive touch sensing works by sensing the electrical properties of the finger(s) touching the sensor; a resistive touchscreen senses direct pressure between two clear electrical layers that are separated by a small space, requiring an amount of force. Capacitive touch sensing solutions are

text: solid state

text: , making them more robust than resistive solutions.<br>Synaptics's human interface solutions are currently based upon the following key technologies:

text: The sense of sight or vision enables us to see our external environment. It provides the richest and most detailed source of sensory information. It tells us the things that are around us; gives their locations; and provides three-dimensional images of them (in color and motion). The stimulus that provides all this information is light (the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelength in the range of 400 to 700nm). In mammals, the visual stimulus is detected by photoreceptors in specialized sense organ called eyes. Many have a pair of eyes located anteriorly in the head. They are like television camera producing continuous, ever-changing images of what they see.Eye: the Organ of SightEach eye is a spherical organ known as the eyeball. It is located in a socket in the skull. Only  a small portion of the front part of the eyeball can be seen. This part is protected by an upper and lower eyelid. Tear glands under the upper eyelid produce a saline tear fluid (made up of sodium chloride and hydrogen carbonate). We blink automatically every two to ten seconds. This action spreads tear fluid over the eye surfaces cleaning and keeping them moist. Tear fluid also contains a lysozyme which attacks germs. This fluid drains from the surface of the eyes into the nasal cavity via tear ducts.	Each eyeball is attached to the eye sockets by six sets of muscles. These muscles  enable the eye to move in many directions, thus widening the field of vision. Among these muscles is a single thicj nerve, the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain.Structure of the EyeThe inside of the eyeball is a fluid-filled hollow structure. Functionally, it is most important structures are the lens and retina	The wall of the eyeball consist of three layers:•	The outermost sclera,•	The middle choroid, and•	The innermost retina.The sclera is a white tough layer of connective tissue which protects and maintains the shape of the eyeball. It bulges out in front to form the transparent cornea. At the back, it is perforated by the optic nerve. A thin transparent membrane, the conjunctiva, lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the cornea protectively.The choroid consist of black pigmented cells, and has a rich supply of blood capillaries. In front, it forms the muscular ciliary body and the iris. Suspensory ligaments from the ciliary body hold the lens in place. The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure which is flexible. The space in front of the lens is filled with water aqueous humor. The much bigger space behind is filled with jelly-like vitreous humor, which helps to maintain the spherical  shape of the eyeball. The iris is the colored opaque disc of muscular tissue that lies in front of the lens. The hole in the center of the iris is called pupil. Light enters the eye through the pupil.The retina is the light-sensitive inside layer at the back of the eyeball. It gets it nourishment from the capillaries in the choroid. It contains numerous photoreceptors which are of two types:The rods which are extremely sensitive to light and are responsible for black and white vision (and night vision); andThe cones which are responsible for color vision.These sensory cells are partly embedded in the pigmented cells of the  choroid. They synapse with bipolar neurons which synapse with sensory neurons that are part of the optic nerve

text: After Osborne fired Howe in 1909, Howe attached himself to rising Democratic star Franklin D. Roosevelt, with whom he would work for the rest of his life. Howe oversaw Roosevelt's campaign for the New York State Senate, worked with him in the Navy Department, and acted as an advisor and campaign manager during Roosevelt's 1920 vice presidential run. After Roosevelt contracted polio in 1921, resulting in partial paralysis, Howe became Roosevelt's public representative, keeping his political career alive during his recovery. He arranged Roosevelt's 1924 "Happy Warrior" convention speech that returned him to the public eye, and helped to run Roosevelt's narrowly successful 1928 campaign to become Governor of New York. Howe then spent the next four years laying the groundwork for Roosevelt's landslide 1932 presidential victory. Named Roosevelt's secretary, Howe helped the president to shape the early programs of the New Deal, particularly the Civilian Conservation Corps. Howe grew ill shortly after Roosevelt's election, and died before the end of his first term.

text: After Osborne fired Howe in 1909, Howe attached himself to rising Democratic star Franklin D. Roosevelt, with whom he would work for the rest of his life. Howe oversaw Roosevelt's campaign for the

text: New York State Senate

text: , worked with him in the

text: Navy Department

text: , and acted as an advisor and campaign manager during Roosevelt's

entity_name: United States presidential election, 1920

text: 1920 vice presidential run

text: . After Roosevelt contracted

text: polio

text: in 1921, resulting in partial paralysis, Howe became Roosevelt's public representative, keeping his political career alive during his recovery. He arranged Roosevelt's 1924 "Happy Warrior" convention speech that returned him to the public eye, and helped to run Roosevelt's narrowly successful 1928 campaign to become

text: Governor of New York

text: . Howe then spent the next four years laying the groundwork for Roosevelt's

entity_name: United States presidential election, 1932

text: landslide 1932 presidential victory

text: . Named Roosevelt's secretary, Howe helped the president to shape the early programs of the

text: New Deal

text: , particularly the

text: Civilian Conservation Corps

text: . Howe grew ill shortly after Roosevelt's election, and died before the end of his first term.

text: The book was well received. Entertainment Weekly gave it an "A" grade: "This is scathing, fascinating stuff, and with Minear's commentary, it provides a provocative history of wartime politics." People described the book as "How the Führer (Almost) Stole Christmas" and called it "a revelation", although (like many other reviewers) it noted with distate Seuss's "incongruously, appallingly caricatured Japanese-Americans".  Gaby Wood of The Guardian commented on the connection between Seuss's war cartoons and the messages in his later work for children, observing, "It is as if, having fought for common sense during the war, Dr Seuss performed a canny shift and turned non-sense to his advantage, making it the plain universal language we needed to hear."

text: The book was well received.

text: Entertainment Weekly

text: gave it an "A" grade: "This is scathing, fascinating stuff, and with Minear's commentary, it provides a provocative history of wartime politics."

text: People

text: described the book as "How the Führer (Almost) Stole Christmas" and called it "a revelation", although (like many other reviewers) it noted with distate Seuss's "incongruously, appallingly caricatured Japanese-Americans".  Gaby Wood of

text: The Guardian

text: commented on the connection between Seuss's war cartoons and the messages in his later work for children, observing, "It is as if, having fought for common sense during the war, Dr Seuss performed a canny shift and turned non-sense to his advantage, making it the plain universal language we needed to hear."

text: Different Vedantas (Advaita, Vishista advaita, Dwaita etc.) resulted in the formation of various sects (Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism) and communities addressed the Almighty in different names. The literatures became more focused on creating guides for leading a better way of life and a better society (e.g. Bhagvad Gita).Different forms of worship arose and different manifestations arose, however the worship was more or less directed towards The Almighty (in manifested or un-manifested form depending on the one who worships). The nature in which we are part of is defined as the manifested (material) un-manifested (non-material) form of the Almighty. The material or manifestation is everything in the universe we can feel with our senses (E.g. Earth, flowers, humans, stars, light, sound, taste of mango, smell of jasmine). The non material or un-manifested form of the Almighty is that things which we cannot feel by our senses (E.g. Knowledge, Creation, Prosperity, Sustain, Power, Consciousness and Control)

text: Different Vedantas (Advaita, Vishista advaita, Dwaita etc.) resulted in the formation of various sects (

text: Vaishnavism

text: Shaivism

text: Shaktism

text: ) and communities addressed the Almighty in different names. The literatures became more focused on creating guides for leading a better way of life and a better society (e.g.

text: Bhagvad Gita

text: ).Different forms of worship arose and different manifestations arose, however the worship was more or less directed towards The Almighty (in manifested or un-manifested form depending on the one who worships). The nature in which we are part of is defined as the manifested (material) un-manifested (non-material) form of the Almighty. The material or manifestation is everything in the universe we can feel with our senses (E.g. Earth, flowers, humans, stars, light, sound, taste of mango, smell of jasmine). The non material or un-manifested form of the Almighty is that things which we cannot feel by our senses (E.g. Knowledge, Creation, Prosperity, Sustain, Power, Consciousness and Control)

text: Ebert writes that, as with other Japanese films such as Tokyo Story (Yasujirō Ozu; 1953) and The Funeral (Juzo Itami; 1984), Departures focuses on the effect of death on the survivors; the afterlife is not given much discussion. He considered this indicative of a "deep and unsensational acceptance of death" in Japanese culture, one which is to be met not with extreme sorrow, but with contemplation. Takita stated that he intended to focus on the "dialogue between people who have passed away and the families that survive them". The film touches on the question of the afterlife: the cremator likens death to "a gateway", and Okuyama writes that in this sense the cremator is a gatekeeper and the encoffiners are guides.

text: Ebert writes that, as with other Japanese films such as

text: Tokyo Story

text: Yasujirō Ozu

text: ; 1953) and

text: The Funeral

text: Juzo Itami

text: ; 1984), Departures focuses on the effect of death on the survivors; the afterlife is not given much discussion. He considered this indicative of a "deep and unsensational acceptance of death" in Japanese culture, one which is to be met not with extreme sorrow, but with contemplation. Takita stated that he intended to focus on the "dialogue between people who have passed away and the families that survive them". The film touches on the question of the afterlife: the cremator likens death to "a gateway", and Okuyama writes that in this sense the cremator is a gatekeeper and the encoffiners are guides.

text: The primary sense of ostracods is likely touch, as they have several sensitive hairs on their bodies and appendages. However, they do possess a single naupliar eye, and, in some cases, a pair of compound eyes, as well.

text: The primary sense of ostracods is likely touch, as they have several sensitive hairs on their bodies and appendages. However, they do possess a single

text: naupliar eye

text: , and, in some cases, a pair of

text: compound eye

text: s, as well.

text: Different phases of digestion take place including: the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase. The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex. Taste and smell stimuli are sent to the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. After this it is routed through the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Gastric secretion at this phase rises to 40% of maximum rate. Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and G cell (secretes gastrin) activity via D cell secretion of somatostatin. The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes. This activates the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates the release of more gastric juices. As protein enters the stomach, it binds to hydrogen ions, which raises the pH of the stomach. Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. This triggers G cells to release gastrin, which in turn stimulates parietal cells to secrete gastric acid.  Gastric acid is about 0.5% hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH to the desired pH of 1-3.  Acid release is also triggered by acetylcholine and histamine.The intestinal phase has two parts, the excitatory and the inhibitory. Partially digested food fills the duodenum. This triggers intestinal gastrin to be released. Enterogastric reflex inhibits vagal nuclei, activating sympathetic fibers causing the pyloric sphincter to tighten to prevent more food from entering, and inhibits local reflexes.

text: Different phases of digestion take place including: the

text: cephalic phase

text: , gastric phase, and intestinal phase. The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the

text: cerebral cortex

text: . Taste and smell stimuli are sent to the

text: hypothalamus

text: and

text: medulla oblongata

text: . After this it is routed through the

text: vagus nerve

text: and release of acetylcholine. Gastric secretion at this phase rises to 40% of maximum rate. Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and

text: G cell

text: (secretes gastrin) activity via

text: D cell

text: secretion of

text: somatostatin

text: . The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by

text: distension

text: of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in

text: pH

text: . Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes. This activates the release of

text: acetylcholine

text: , which stimulates the release of more

text: gastric juice

text: s. As protein enters the stomach, it binds to

text: hydrogen

text: ions, which raises the

text: pH

text: of the

text: stomach

text: . Inhibition of gastrin and

text: gastric acid

text: secretion is lifted. This triggers

text: G cell

text: s to release

text: gastrin

text: , which in turn stimulates

text: parietal cell

text: s to secrete gastric acid.  Gastric acid is about 0.5%

text: hydrochloric acid

text: (HCl), which lowers the pH to the desired pH of 1-3.  Acid release is also triggered by

text: acetylcholine

text: and

text: histamine

text: .The intestinal phase has two parts, the excitatory and the inhibitory. Partially digested food fills the

text: duodenum

text: . This triggers intestinal gastrin to be released. Enterogastric reflex inhibits vagal nuclei, activating

text: sympathetic fibers

text: causing the

text: pyloric sphincter

text: to tighten to prevent more food from entering, and inhibits local reflexes.

text: Finally this is how the artist who knew how to find the strong and weak sides of men reflects upon his life: „[...] While constantly being at work in my studio, without knowing what time it was outside, I didn't notice having been standing at the easel for more than ten hours. So I got lost in time and space, until my eyes and hands started to work autonomously. [...] Sometimes it's like after a prayer or a meditation; the sensation of catharsis comes to your mind.“

text: In the metaphysical or conceptual sense, balance is used to mean a point between two opposite forces that is desirable over purely one state or the other, such as a balance between the metaphysical Law and Chaos — law by itself being overly controlling, chaos being overly unmanageable, balance being the point that minimizes the negatives of both.

text: In the

text: metaphysical

text: or conceptual sense, balance is used to mean a point between two opposite forces that is desirable over purely one state or the other, such as a balance between the metaphysical

text: Law

text: and

text: Chaos

text: — law by itself being overly controlling, chaos being overly unmanageable, balance being the point that minimizes the negatives of both.

text: The critical period of socialization commences when they are approximately three weeks old and will continue until they are twelve to fourteen weeks old, during which they move to the next stage of development, the juvenile period. This period of socialization is the time when puppies form social bonds, learn to explore and learn when/how to base fear. Additionally, this stage consists of teaching them how to appropriately react and habituate to environmental changes in preparation for adulthood. Habituation is the process when a puppy has gotten used to stimuli in their environment and therefore ignores it, deeming it non-threatening. The puppy’s future personality will be greatly influenced during the socialization period. Their temperament and character is developed throughout this period as well, which will last for the duration of their life. During the socialization stage, all five senses are being stimulated by exposure and desensitization of sights, sounds, tastes, smells and touch of things around them.

text: The critical period of socialization commences when they are approximately three weeks old and will continue until they are twelve to fourteen weeks old, during which they move to the next stage of development, the juvenile period. This period of socialization is the time when puppies form social bonds, learn to explore and learn when/how to base fear. Additionally, this stage consists of teaching them how to appropriately react and habituate to environmental changes in preparation for adulthood.

text: Habituation

text: is the process when a puppy has gotten used to stimuli in their environment and therefore ignores it, deeming it non-threatening. The puppy’s future personality will be greatly influenced during the socialization period. Their temperament and character is developed throughout this period as well, which will last for the duration of their life. During the socialization stage, all five senses are being stimulated by exposure and desensitization of sights, sounds, tastes, smells and touch of things around them.

text: Lim completed his secondary school education in Raffles Institution.  While he was not a very good student in school, he was an outstanding artillery officer in National Service (Best trainee – Foxtrot Company Platoon 3 June 1972, Best Cadet – Y battalion. Basic artillery officers’ course June 1973). At the age of 20, he started dabbling in stocks and bought his first lot of shares with his wage of $385 a month. He lost money. After National Service, he went to Perth to further his studies at the University of Western Australia. To fund his university education, Lim worked part-time doing odd jobs as a taxi-driver, cook and waiter. It was one of these jobs - in the Australian fast-food chain Red Rooster - that opened his eyes to how business was done.  Lim watched how they started, how they grew, and how they scaled up. It was also in university where he honed his instincts and skills as an investor. He graduated with a degree in accounting and finance and stepped out into the working world. Lim’s first job as an accountant lasted three months. He did some tax consultancy before he went into stocks.

text: Lim completed his secondary school education in

text: Raffles Institution

text: .  While he was not a very good student in school, he was an outstanding artillery officer in National Service (Best trainee – Foxtrot Company Platoon 3 June 1972, Best Cadet – Y battalion. Basic artillery officers’ course June 1973). At the age of 20, he started dabbling in stocks and bought his first lot of shares with his wage of $385 a month. He lost money. After

text: National Service

text: , he went to Perth to further his studies at the University of Western Australia. To fund his university education, Lim worked part-time doing odd jobs as a taxi-driver, cook and waiter. It was one of these jobs - in the Australian fast-food chain

text: Red Rooster

text: - that opened his eyes to how business was done.  Lim watched how they started, how they grew, and how they scaled up. It was also in university where he honed his instincts and skills as an investor. He graduated with a degree in accounting and finance and stepped out into the working world. Lim’s first job as an accountant lasted three months. He did some tax consultancy before he went into stocks.

text: Also, a dragon's hearing is roughly on par with human hearing, although a dragon's mind can filter what noise it hears. They are capable of "blindsense", the sense in which eyes, ears, and other senses are used to detect invisible persons or objects. Dragon taste is also refined, although they do not respond well to sweet flavors, and most dragons do not discuss the matter as to why. Of all its senses, a dragon's sense of touch is the only one to decrease throughout age, thanks mostly to the development of thick, hard scales.

text: Andrew Parker has proposed that predator-prey relationships changed dramatically after eyesight evolved. Prior to that time, hunting and evading were both close-range affairs – smell, vibration, and touch were the only senses used. When predators could see their prey from a distance, new defensive strategies were needed. Armor, spines, and similar defenses may also have evolved in response to vision. He further observed that, where animals lose vision in unlighted environments such as caves, diversity of animal forms tends to decrease. Nevertheless, many scientists doubt that vision could have caused the explosion. Eyes may well have evolved long before the start of the Cambrian. It is also difficult to understand why the evolution of eyesight would have caused an explosion, since other senses, such as smell and pressure detection, can detect things at a greater distance in the sea than sight can; but the appearance of these other senses apparently did not cause an evolutionary explosion.

text: Andrew Parker

text: has proposed that predator-prey relationships changed dramatically after eyesight evolved. Prior to that time, hunting and evading were both close-range affairs – smell, vibration, and touch were the only senses used. When predators could see their prey from a distance, new defensive strategies were needed. Armor, spines, and similar defenses may also have evolved in response to vision. He further observed that, where animals lose vision in unlighted environments such as caves, diversity of animal forms tends to decrease. Nevertheless, many scientists doubt that vision could have caused the explosion. Eyes may well have evolved long before the start of the Cambrian. It is also difficult to understand why the evolution of eyesight would have caused an explosion, since other senses, such as smell and pressure detection, can detect things at a greater distance in the sea than sight can; but the appearance of these other senses apparently did not cause an evolutionary explosion.

text: The Mole Man is extremely near-sighted due to damage his vision suffered years ago, and his eyes are extremely sensitive to bright light. He is virtually blinded by normal illumination. To counter this, he wears protective glasses (an early version of a nuclear weapons test Range Officer's flash-goggles) that both reduce bright light to levels his weak eyes can tolerate and increase dim light to levels by which he can see. His sense of hearing, smell, and touch are far more sensitive than that of a normal human; these senses are heightened, but not superhuman. He possesses a "radar sense" that supplements his own weak natural vision.

text: The Mole Man is extremely near-sighted due to damage his vision suffered years ago, and his eyes are extremely sensitive to bright

text: light

text: . He is virtually blinded by normal illumination. To counter this, he wears protective glasses (an early version of a nuclear weapons test Range Officer's flash-goggles) that both reduce bright light to levels his weak eyes can tolerate and increase dim light to levels by which he can see. His sense of hearing, smell, and touch are far more sensitive than that of a normal human; these senses are heightened, but not superhuman. He possesses a "radar sense" that supplements his own weak natural vision.

text: Micropublishing is used in two senses.

text: Micropublishing is used in two senses.

text: Thirdly, Viteri's exhibition includes the primary drafts for the mural, which undoubtedly constitutes, along with the series of drawings and prints of insects and the series entitles The Mummy, some of the most interesting work of her entire career. Within, The Mummy are series of oil sketches on paper that show how the handling of brushes can lead to a sense of liberation in the medium of drawing. The emphasis falls on the act of drawing, with the line work revealing the moment of its own creation (Rodríguez). Viteri’s creations for The Mummy are dark and with emotionless. These figures represent death with no emotion among the dark circles for eyes and bold white heads. These drawings are done with an inclination to pay homage to a pure sense of craft, which has been nurtured by an inward-looking gaze towards the human condition itself, as well as an outward-looking gaze towards the history of art.  These gazes reflect the shadows of Goya and the chiaroscuro of Rembrandt, whose devastating power, determination of expressionist art, and atmospheric settings, have guided Viteri’s steps towards the creation of the mural (Rodríguez).

text: Properly crafted mission statements serve as filters to separate what is important to an organization from what is not, clearly state which markets will be served and how, and communicate a sense of intended direction to the entire organization.A mission differs from a vision in that the former is the cause and the latter is the effect; a mission is something to be accomplished whereas a vision is something to be pursued for that accomplishment. Other designations of the "mission" concept may include "company mission, "corporate mission", or "corporate purpose".

text: Properly crafted mission statements serve as filters to separate what is important to an organization from what is not, clearly state which

text: market

text: s will be served and how, and communicate a sense of intended direction to the entire organization.A

text: mission

text: differs from a

text: vision

text: in that the former is the cause and the latter is the effect; a mission is something to be accomplished whereas a vision is something to be pursued for that accomplishment. Other designations of the "mission" concept may include "company mission, "corporate mission", or "corporate purpose".

text: In 2007 Essilor launched the Essilor Vision Foundation in the USA. This organization was created in order to run vision tests in schools to detect vision problems. The follow-up care and glasses are provided by Essilor Vision Foundation for children in need.

text: A vestibular neurectomy is an operation that severs the balance nerve, yet saving the hearing nerve from the ear to the brain. The procedure relieves vertigo and preserves the ability to hear.  It is important to note that this procedure will not reverse the effects of deafness.  The risks include: hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, facial weakness, spinal fluid leak, and various infections. The method of neurological surgery is the middle cranial fossa approach. The advantage of this procedure is that the vestibular nerve is clearly visible and can be sectioned without harming the cochlear nerve fibers.

text: A vestibular neurectomy is an operation that severs the balance nerve, yet saving the hearing nerve from the ear to the brain. The procedure relieves

text: vertigo

text: and preserves the ability to hear.  It is important to note that this procedure will not reverse the effects of

text: deafness

text: .  The risks include:

text: hearing loss

text: tinnitus

text: , dizziness, facial weakness,

text: spinal fluid

text: leak, and various infections. The method of neurological surgery is the

text: middle cranial fossa

text: approach. The advantage of this procedure is that the

text: vestibular nerve

text: is clearly visible and can be sectioned without harming the

text: cochlear nerve

text: fibers.

text: Haptic poetry, like visual poetry and sound poetry, is a liminal art form combining characteristics of typography and sculpture to create objects not only to be seen, but to be touched and manipulated.  Indeed, in haptic poetry, the sense of touch (and, to a lesser extent, the other senses) is equal to, if not more important than, the sense of sight, yet both text-based poetry and haptic poetry have the same goals: to create an aesthetic effect in the minds of the intended audience.

text: Haptic poetry, like

text: visual poetry

text: and

text: sound poetry

text: , is a

text: liminal

text: art

text: form combining characteristics of

text: typography

text: and

text: sculpture

text: to create objects not only to be seen, but to be touched and manipulated.  Indeed, in haptic poetry, the sense of

text: touch

text: (and, to a lesser extent, the other senses) is equal to, if not more important than, the sense of

text: sight

text: , yet both text-based poetry and haptic poetry have the same goals: to create an

text: aesthetic

text: effect in the minds of the intended audience.

text: When the sense of balance is interrupted it causes dizziness, disorientation and nausea. Balance can be upset by Ménière's disease, superior canal dehiscence syndrome, an inner ear infection, by a bad common cold affecting the head or a number of other medical conditions including but not limited to vertigo. It can also be temporarily disturbed by quick or prolonged acceleration, for example riding on a merry-go-round. Blows can also affect equilibrioreception, especially those to the side of the head or directly to the ear.

text: When the sense of balance is interrupted it causes dizziness,

text: disorientation

text: and

text: nausea

text: . Balance can be upset by

text: Ménière's disease

text: superior canal dehiscence syndrome

text: , an

text: inner ear infection

text: , by a bad

text: common cold

text: affecting the head or a number of other medical conditions including but not limited to

text: vertigo

text: . It can also be temporarily disturbed by quick or prolonged acceleration, for example riding on a merry-go-round. Blows can also affect equilibrioreception, especially those to the side of the head or directly to the ear.

text: The values of the functions f need not be real numbers, but may be in any topological space, in order that the concept of pointwise convergence make sense.  Uniform convergence, on the other hand, does not make sense for functions taking values in topological spaces generally, but makes sense for functions taking values in metric spaces, and, more generally, in uniform spaces.

text: The values of the functions f need not be real numbers, but may be in any

text: topological space

text: , in order that the concept of pointwise convergence make sense.  Uniform convergence, on the other hand, does not make sense for functions taking values in topological spaces generally, but makes sense for functions taking values in

text: metric space

text: s, and, more generally, in

text: uniform space

text: s.

text: In a different manner, modern Togakure-ryū has resemblances to other martial arts styles as well in that there is certain "footwork and dynamics" that all styles utilize because of how the human body moves and works. Hayes stated that a main goal of the style is shin shin shin gan (God's eyes, God's mind), which refers "development of a broad vision or knowledge". This is in relation to learning to anticipate the moves that an opponent will make and to also be able to sense danger.

text: Robotics also has application in the design of virtual reality interfaces. Specialized robots are in widespread use in the haptic research community. These robots, called "haptic interfaces", allow touch-enabled user interaction with real and virtual environments. Robotic forces allow simulating the mechanical properties of "virtual" objects, which users can experience through their sense of touch.

text: Robotics also has application in the design of

text: virtual reality

text: interfaces. Specialized robots are in widespread use in the

text: haptic

text: research community. These robots, called "haptic interfaces", allow touch-enabled user interaction with real and virtual environments. Robotic forces allow simulating the mechanical properties of "virtual" objects, which users can experience through their sense of

text: touch

text: This point has generated much controversy and confusion, because the advocates of the Federal Vision do not mean  regeneration as the term is used today. Rather, they claim to employ the original sense of the word as used by the reformers. Louis Berkhof writes, "Calvin also used the term [regeneration] in a very comprehensive sense as a designation of the whole process by which man is renewed." Critics point out, however, that all the benefits of saving union with Christ are associated with baptism by Federal Vision writers. Critics complain that this teaching more closely aligns them with Lutheran views of baptism.

text: This point has generated much controversy and confusion, because the advocates of the Federal Vision do not mean

text: regeneration

text: as the term is used today. Rather, they claim to employ the original sense of the word as used by the reformers. Louis Berkhof writes, "Calvin also used the term [regeneration] in a very comprehensive sense as a designation of the whole process by which man is renewed." Critics point out, however, that all the benefits of saving union with Christ are associated with baptism by Federal Vision writers. Critics complain that this teaching more closely aligns them with Lutheran views of baptism.

text: Puma also possesses superhumanly acute senses. His sense of touch is enhanced to the extent that he is able to feel the impressions of ink on a piece of paper. His vision and hearing are enhanced in a similar manner, enabling him to both see and hear sights and sounds that ordinary humans can't and to see and hear at much greater distances. Puma also possesses a superhumanly acute sense of smell that he uses to track a target by scent.

text: The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). Refractive errors include near sighted, far sighted, presbyopia, and astigmatism. Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness. Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, prematurity, or trauma among others. These cases are known as cortical visual impairment. Screening for vision problems in children may improve future vision and educational achievement. Screening adults without symptoms is of uncertain benefit. Diagnosis is by an eye exam.

text: The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected

text: refractive errors

text: cataract

text: s (33%), and

text: glaucoma

text: (2%). Refractive errors include

text: near sighted

text: far sighted

text: presbyopia

text: , and

text: astigmatism

text: . Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness. Other disorders that may cause visual problems include

text: age related macular degeneration

text: diabetic retinopathy

text: corneal clouding

text: childhood blindness

text: , and a number of

text: infection

text: s. Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the

text: brain

text: due to

text: stroke

text: prematurity

text: , or trauma among others. These cases are known as

text: cortical visual impairment

text: . Screening for vision problems in children may improve future vision and educational achievement. Screening adults without symptoms is of uncertain benefit. Diagnosis is by an

text: eye exam

text: However, Isabelle still sensed that Collier was dangerous and greedy. When his death was predicted in a vision of Maia Skouris', Collier asked Isabelle for advice. The baby Isabelle showed Collier a vision of what she knew he wanted to see - prestige and glory. This vision persuaded Collier that he was safe but he was assassinated shortly after.

text: However, Isabelle still sensed that Collier was dangerous and greedy. When his death was predicted in a vision of

text: Maia Skouris

text: ', Collier asked Isabelle for advice. The baby Isabelle showed Collier a vision of what she knew he wanted to see - prestige and glory. This vision persuaded Collier that he was safe but he was assassinated shortly after.

text: Psychophysicists usually employ experimental stimuli that can be objectively measured, such as pure tones varying in intensity, or lights varying in luminance. All the senses have been studied: vision, hearing, touch (including skin and enteric perception), taste, smell and the sense of time. Regardless of the sensory domain, there are three main areas of investigation: absolute thresholds, discrimination thresholds and scaling.

text: Psychophysicists usually employ experimental stimuli that can be objectively measured, such as pure tones varying in intensity, or lights varying in luminance. All the

text: sense

text: s have been studied:

text: vision

text: hearing

text: touch

text: (including

text: skin

text: and

text: enteric perception

text: taste

text: smell

text: and the

text: sense of time

text: . Regardless of the sensory domain, there are three main areas of investigation: absolute thresholds, discrimination thresholds and scaling.

text: Cypress Semiconductor Corporation is an American semiconductor design and manufacturing company. It offers NOR flash memories, F-RAM and SRAM Traveo microcontrollers, the industry’s only PSoC programmable system-on-chip solutions, analog and PMIC Power Management ICs, CapSense capacitive touch-sensing controllers, Wireless BLE Bluetooth Low-Energy and USB connectivity solutions.

text: Cypress Semiconductor Corporation is an

text: American

text: semiconductor design and

text: manufacturing

text: company. It offers

text: NOR flash

text: memories, F-RAM and SRAM Traveo microcontrollers, the industry’s only

text: PSoC programmable system-on-chip solutions

text: , analog and

text: PMIC Power Management ICs

text: , CapSense

text: capacitive touch-sensing

text: controllers,

text: Wireless BLE Bluetooth Low-Energy

text: and

text: USB connectivity

text: solution

text: s.

text: Touch started in Australia in 1963 as a social or "park" game and as a training technique for rugby league. It was not then viewed as a sport in its own right.  It was formalised into a sport proper by the "Founders of Touch", Bob Dyke and Ray Vawdon of the South Sydney Junior Rugby League Club. On 13 July 1968 the "South Sydney Touch Football Club" was formed and the sport of Touch Football was born. The first actual official game of Touch was played in late 1968 and the first official competition, organised by Dyke & Vawdon, was held at Rowland Park Sydney in 1968. From these humble beginnings the game quickly became a fully regulated and codified sport. It was first played in Brisbane in 1972 and by 1973 there were representative games. It had spread to New Zealand by 1975.

text: Touch started in Australia in 1963 as a social or "park" game and as a training technique for

text: rugby league

text: . It was not then viewed as a sport in its own right.  It was formalised into a sport proper by the "Founders of Touch", Bob Dyke and Ray Vawdon of the

text: South Sydney Junior Rugby League Club

text: . On 13 July 1968 the "South Sydney Touch Football Club" was formed and the sport of Touch Football was born. The first actual official game of Touch was played in late 1968 and the first official competition, organised by Dyke & Vawdon, was held at Rowland Park

text: Sydney

text: in 1968. From these humble beginnings the game quickly became a fully regulated and codified sport. It was first played in

text: Brisbane

text: in 1972 and by 1973 there were representative games. It had spread to

text: New Zealand

text: by 1975.

text: In her review for Common Sense Media, Emily Ashby praised Max Steel, giving it a 4/5. She called the use of bullies and struggles in school "relatable," and said that "Max Steel's likable attitude, sense of humor, and clear vision of right and wrong make him a viable modern superhero for teens.". In his review for Media Life Magazine, Tom Conroy said Max Steel was "Cobbled together from ready-made sources with no apparent interest in coming up with a fresh twist or a new slant, it fails to make much of an impression, either positive or negative." He criticized the use of bullies, new school, dead father, and shadowy mentor, saying they "are so overused that the writers of this series might have assumed they were obligatory and thus didn’t feel they were being lazy." He also criticized the graphics, citing them as "creaky" and "bizarrely artificial.".

text: In her review for

text: Common Sense Media

text: , Emily Ashby praised Max Steel, giving it a 4/5. She called the use of bullies and struggles in school "relatable," and said that "Max Steel's likable attitude, sense of humor, and clear vision of right and wrong make him a viable modern superhero for teens.". In his review for

text: Media Life Magazine

text: , Tom Conroy said Max Steel was "Cobbled together from ready-made sources with no apparent interest in coming up with a fresh twist or a new slant, it fails to make much of an impression, either positive or negative." He criticized the use of bullies, new school, dead father, and shadowy mentor, saying they "are so overused that the writers of this series might have assumed they were obligatory and thus didn’t feel they were being lazy." He also criticized the graphics, citing them as "creaky" and "bizarrely artificial.".

text: Touch (sometimes mistakenly written 'Touch Records' and sometimes written Touch Music, which is technically the publishing side of the company) is a British audio-visual organisation, operating the Touch label.

text: Touch (sometimes mistakenly written 'Touch Records' and sometimes written Touch Music, which is technically the publishing side of the company) is a

text: British

text: audio-visual organisation, operating the Touch label.

text: After Rutsey's death, Lee and Lifeson released this statement: "Our memories of the early years of Rush when John was in the band are very fond to us. Those years spent in our teens dreaming of one day doing what we continue to do decades later are special. Although our paths diverged many years ago, we smile today, thinking back on those exciting times and remembering John's wonderful sense of humour and impeccable timing. He will be deeply missed by all he touched."

text: The parietal lobe integrates sensory information among various modalities, including spatial sense and navigation (proprioception), the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch (mechanoreception) in the somatosensory cortex which is just posterior to the central sulcus in the postcentral gyrus, and the dorsal stream of the visual system. The major sensory inputs from the skin (touch, temperature, and pain receptors), relay through the thalamus to the parietal lobe.

text: The parietal lobe integrates

text: sensory

text: information among various

text: modalities

text: , including spatial sense and navigation (

text: proprioception

text: ), the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch (

text: mechanoreception

text: ) in the

text: somatosensory cortex

text: which is just posterior to the central sulcus in the

text: postcentral gyrus

text: , and the

text: dorsal stream

text: of the

text: visual system

text: . The major sensory inputs from the

text: skin

text: touch

text: temperature

text: , and

text: pain

text: receptors), relay through the

text: thalamus

text: to the parietal lobe.

text: Some solipsists believe that some tenets of eastern philosophies are similar to solipsism. Taoism and several interpretations of Buddhism, especially Zen, teach that the distinction between self and universe is arbitrary, merely a habit of perception and an artifact of language. This view identifies the unity of self and universe as the ultimate reality. Zen holds that each individual has 'Buddha Mind': an all-pervading awareness that fills their entire existence, including the 'external' world. This need not imply that one's mind is all that exists, as with solipsism, but rather that the distinction between "I am" and "it is" is ultimately unnecessary, and a burden that, paradoxically, gives rise to an illusory sense of permanence and independence—that "separate" self which suffers and dies. In this sense, Zen reflects Meister Eckhart's "The eye with which I see God is the same with which God sees me. My eye and God's eye is one eye, and one sight, and one knowledge, and one love." Zen works across both divisions of inside "me" and outside "me", with meditation practice unraveling the notion of binary oppositions, which ultimately are seen as the source of any "problem" of solipsism.

text: Some solipsists believe that some tenets of

text: eastern philosophies

text: are similar to solipsism.

text: Taoism

text: and several interpretations of

text: Buddhism

text: , especially

text: Zen

text: , teach that the distinction between

text: self

text: and

text: universe

text: is arbitrary, merely a habit of perception and an artifact of language. This view identifies the unity of self and universe as the ultimate reality. Zen holds that each individual has 'Buddha Mind': an all-pervading

text: awareness

text: that fills their entire existence, including the 'external' world. This need not imply that one's mind is all that exists, as with solipsism, but rather that the distinction between "I am" and "it is" is ultimately unnecessary, and a burden that, paradoxically, gives rise to an illusory sense of permanence and independence—that "separate" self which suffers and dies. In this sense, Zen reflects

text: Meister Eckhart

text: 's "The eye with which I see God is the same with which God sees me. My eye and God's eye is one eye, and one sight, and one knowledge, and one love." Zen works across both divisions of inside "me" and outside "me", with meditation practice unraveling the notion of binary oppositions, which ultimately are seen as the source of any "problem" of solipsism.

text: The five senses, vision, audition, touch and taste/smell allow physical stimulation around us to turn to neural stimulation which is sent to the brain. Vision is from light reflecting off objects around us, audition is from the vibrations caused by change in air pressure, touch is from the signals in our skin feeling the pressure of objects touching us and taste/smell is from the molecules in the air or in our saliva that let us know what we are smelling or tasting. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) plays an important role in visual transductions. This fact was well rooted when Fesenko demonstrated that this nucleotide cGMP was able to directly regulate a new assort of membrane channels now called the nucleotide-gated cation channels. This was how the route from the light to a change in the rod receptor membrane conductance was conclusively organized in the twentieth century and has been represented in more insightful detail over the past ten years.

text: In 1994 Lapthisophon suffered a major deterioration of his vision because of an optic nerve disease, and became legally blind after intensive medical treatment. His subsequent work as an installation artist, graphic artist,  art theorist and sound artist has been marked by this experience. Much of his work comments on, and seeks to redress, the over-emphasis on the sense of sight in aesthetic culture.

text: In 1994 Lapthisophon suffered a major deterioration of his vision because of an

text: optic nerve

text: disease, and became

text: legally blind

text: after intensive medical treatment. His subsequent work as an

text: installation artist

text: graphic artist

text: art theorist

text: and

text: sound art

text: ist has been marked by this experience. Much of his work comments on, and seeks to redress, the over-emphasis on the

text: sense of sight

text: in aesthetic culture.

text: Temnodontosaurus have the largest eyes of any ichthyosaur, and of any animal measured. The largest eyes measured were from the species T. platyodon. Despite the enormous size of their eyes, species of Temnodontosaurus had blind spots directly above their head due to the angle at which their eyes were pointed.  The eyes of Temnodontosaurus had sclerotic rings. According to Ryosuke Motani, the sclerotic rings of T. platyodon are at least 25 cm in diameter. It is assumed that Temnodontosaurus had high visual capacity. McGowan hypothesized that Ichthyosaurs have a sclerotic ring to give the eye rigidity. According to McGowan Ichthyosaurs, and so Temnodontosaurus, used vision as their main sense and it would have been unlikely that they could do echolocation to sense out prey.

text: Temnodontosaurus have the largest eyes of any ichthyosaur, and of any animal measured. The largest eyes measured were from the species T. platyodon. Despite the enormous size of their eyes, species of Temnodontosaurus had blind spots directly above their head due to the angle at which their eyes were pointed.  The eyes of Temnodontosaurus had

text: sclerotic rings

text: . According to Ryosuke Motani, the sclerotic rings of T. platyodon are at least 25 cm in diameter. It is assumed that Temnodontosaurus had high visual capacity. McGowan hypothesized that Ichthyosaurs have a sclerotic ring to give the eye rigidity. According to McGowan Ichthyosaurs, and so Temnodontosaurus, used vision as their main sense and it would have been unlikely that they could do echolocation to sense out prey.

text: The main problem with service robotic systems such as the care-providing robot FRIEND is that they have to operate in dynamic surroundings where the state of the environment is unpredictable and changes stochastically, hence two main problems have been encountered when developing image processing systems for service robotics: unstructured environment and variable illumination conditions. They have to cope with a large amount of visual information and for the implementation of the vision system a high degree of complexity is necessary. A second major problem in robot vision is the wide spectrum of illumination conditions that appear during the on-line operation of the machine vision system, since colors are one important attribute in object recognition. The human visual system has the ability to compute color descriptors that stay constant even in variable illumination conditions, which is not the case for machine vision systems. A key requirement in this field is the reliable recognition of objects in the robot's camera image, extraction of object features from the images and, based on the extracted features, subsequent correct object localization in a complex 3D environment so that these information can be used for reliable object grasping and manipulation.

text: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering theoretical and practical aspects of signal processing in new and emerging technologies. The scope includes: communications, networking, sensors and actuators, radar and sonar, medical imaging, biomedical applications, remote sensing, consumer electronics, computer vision, pattern recognition, robotics, fiber optic sensing/transducers, industrial automation, transportation, stock market and financial analysis, seismography, and avionics.

text: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing is a

text: peer-reviewed

text: open access

text: scientific journal

text: covering theoretical and practical aspects of

text: signal processing

text: in new and

text: emerging technologies

text: . The scope includes: communications, networking, sensors and actuators, radar and sonar,

text: medical imaging

text: , biomedical applications,

text: remote sensing

text: consumer electronics

text: computer vision

text: pattern recognition

text: robotics

text: fiber optic

text: sensing/transducers,

text: industrial automation

text: , transportation,

text: stock market

text: and

text: financial analysis

text: seismography

text: , and

text: avionics

text: Vision Research and Artificial Intelligence fields are involved in the definition of suitable approaches to the problem. See Computer Vision

text: Vision Research and Artificial Intelligence fields are involved in the definition of suitable approaches to the problem. See

text: Computer Vision

text: Aesthetic considerations within the visual arts are usually associated with the sense of vision. A painting or sculpture, however, is also perceived spatially by recognized associations and context, and even to some extent by the senses of smell, hearing, and touch. The form of the work can be subject to an aesthetic as much as the content.

text: Aesthetic considerations within the

text: visual arts

text: are usually associated with the sense of

text: vision

text: . A painting or sculpture, however, is also perceived spatially by recognized associations and context, and even to some extent by the senses of smell, hearing, and touch. The form of the work can be subject to an aesthetic as much as the content.

text: Superior canal dehiscence (SCD) can affect both hearing and balance to different extents in different people.

text: Superior canal

text: dehiscence

text: (SCD) can affect both hearing and balance to different extents in different people.

text: The frame of reference with respect to studies of the visual system refers to perceived reference axes. In the rod and frame illusion there are a number of things that can influence one’s frame of reference. Past research has found that one reason people experience the rod and frame illusion is due to visual-vestibular interactions.  For instance, when a participant is viewing the rod and frame task while physically tilted, the participant acts as though they are tilted opposite of the orientation of the frame.  This suggests that the illusion, in part, is due to the person compensating for their perceived vertical in the direction that is opposite of the frame.  Other evidence proposed by researchers that is consistent with this is that when participants are put on their sides to view the rod and frame task, they rely on their vision when their vestibular and proprioceptive senses are incongruent with those of their visual senses. These findings suggest that the rod and frame illusion is processed in a type of hierarchy, where visual input is at the top, then vestibular cues, and finally proprioceptive cues.In 2010, Lipshits found that, along with this hierarchy of processing, proprioceptive information, as opposed to gravity, is used by the body to determine which way is vertical. Lipshits says that, when we are not able to use vision to determine which way is vertical, we use other cues based on the axis of our head and body.

text: The frame of reference with respect to studies of the

text: visual system

text: refers to perceived reference axes. In the rod and frame illusion there are a number of things that can influence one’s frame of reference. Past research has found that one reason people experience the rod and frame illusion is due to visual-vestibular interactions.  For instance, when a participant is viewing the rod and frame task while physically tilted, the participant acts as though they are tilted opposite of the orientation of the frame.  This suggests that the illusion, in part, is due to the person compensating for their perceived vertical in the direction that is opposite of the frame.  Other evidence proposed by researchers that is consistent with this is that when participants are put on their sides to view the rod and frame task, they rely on their vision when their

text: vestibular

text: and

text: proprioceptive

text: senses are incongruent with those of their visual senses. These findings suggest that the rod and frame illusion is processed in a type of hierarchy, where visual input is at the top, then vestibular cues, and finally proprioceptive cues.In 2010, Lipshits found that, along with this hierarchy of processing, proprioceptive information, as opposed to gravity, is used by the body to determine which way is vertical. Lipshits says that, when we are not able to use vision to determine which way is vertical, we use other cues based on the axis of our head and body.

text: Theodore Sturgeon praised the story selection, citing Disch for his "precise compassionate sense of balance and taste."

text: Theodore Sturgeon

text: praised the story selection, citing Disch for his "precise compassionate sense of balance and taste."

text: Often, "contracts" are set out in writing to record the formal consent of the parties to the power exchange, stating their common vision of the relationship dynamic. The purpose of this kind of agreement is primarily to encourage discussion and negotiation in advance, and then to document that understanding for the benefit of all parties. Such documents have not been recognized as being legally binding, nor are they intended to be. These agreements are binding in the sense that the parties have the expectation that the negotiated rules will be followed. Often other friends and community members may witness the signing of such a document in a ceremony, and so parties violating their agreement can result in loss of face, respect or status with their friends in the community.

text: Often, "

text: contracts

text: " are set out in writing to record the formal consent of the parties to the power exchange, stating their common vision of the relationship dynamic. The purpose of this kind of agreement is primarily to encourage discussion and negotiation in advance, and then to document that understanding for the benefit of all parties. Such documents have not been recognized as being legally binding, nor are they intended to be. These agreements are binding in the sense that the parties have the expectation that the negotiated rules will be followed. Often other friends and community members may witness the signing of such a document in a ceremony, and so parties violating their agreement can result in loss of face, respect or status with their friends in the community.

text: Because of its agility and good sense of balance, this breed is valuable for work in mountain forests.

text: Because of its agility and good sense of balance, this breed is valuable for work in

text: mountain

text: forest

text: s.

text: In "The Triumph of the Dalton Plan" published by C. W. Kimmins and Belle Rennie in 1932, the authors wrote: "to the labours of Miss Bassett, the Dalton Plan in England owes an incalculable debt.  Her tall and commanding figure became well known on lecture platforms and her general air of balance, judgment and grave kindliness gave to all she said conviction and weight.  No audience could look at or hear Miss Bassett and believe that she could possibly be the victim of an educational freak or fad.  To this fundamental basis of good sense and stability, as well as to the wisdom of what she said, much of her success as a propagandist was due.

text: This process often leads to the participant engaging in visualization and generating mental imagery that may simulate or re-create the sensory perception of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, movements, and images associated with touch, such as texture, temperature, and pressure, as well as imagined mental content that the participant experiences as defying conventional sensory categories. The generating of such mental imagery can precipitate or accompany strong emotions or feelings.

text: This process often leads to the participant engaging in

text: visualization

text: and generating

text: mental imagery

text: that may simulate or re-create the

text: sensory perception

text: of

text: sights

text: sound

text: s,

text: taste

text: s,

text: smells

text: movements

text: , and images associated with

text: touch

text: , such as

text: texture

text: temperature

text: , and

text: pressure

text: , as well as imagined mental content that the participant experiences as defying conventional

text: sensory categories

text: . The generating of such

text: mental imagery

text: can precipitate or accompany strong

text: emotion

text: s or

text: feeling

text: s.

text: His power : can make a person lose any of their 5 senses (sight, talk, hear, taste, feel)

text: Research in Computer Vision dates back to the 1960s when Seymour Papert first attempted to solve the problem. This unsuccessful attempt was referred to as the Summer Vision Project. The reason why it was not successful was because computer vision is more complicated than what people think. The complexity is in alignment with the human visual system. Roughly 50% of the human brain is devoted in processing vision, which clearly indicates that it is a difficult problem.

text: Research in Computer Vision dates back to the 1960s when

text: Seymour Papert

text: first attempted to solve the problem. This unsuccessful attempt was referred to as the Summer Vision Project. The reason why it was not successful was because computer vision is more complicated than what people think. The complexity is in alignment with the human visual system. Roughly 50% of the human brain is devoted in processing vision, which clearly indicates that it is a difficult problem.

text: Because of the lack of training data, many word sense disambiguation algorithms use semi-supervised learning, which allows both labeled and unlabeled data.  The Yarowsky algorithm was an early example of such an algorithm. It uses the ‘One sense per collocation’ and the ‘One sense per discourse’ properties of human languages for word sense disambiguation. From observation, words tend to exhibit only one sense in most given discourse and in a given collocation.

text: Because of the lack of training data, many word sense disambiguation algorithms use

text: semi-supervised learning

text: , which allows both labeled and unlabeled data.  The

text: Yarowsky algorithm

text: was an early example of such an algorithm. It uses the ‘One sense per collocation’ and the ‘One sense per discourse’ properties of human languages for word sense disambiguation. From observation, words tend to exhibit only one sense in most given discourse and in a given collocation.

text: One problem with word sense disambiguation is deciding what the senses are. In cases like the word bass above, at least some senses are obviously different. In other cases, however, the different senses can be closely related (one meaning being a metaphorical or metonymic extension of another), and in such cases division of words into senses becomes much more difficult. Different dictionaries and thesauruses will provide different divisions of words into senses. One solution some researchers have used is to choose a particular dictionary, and just use its set of senses. Generally, however, research results using broad distinctions in senses have been much better than those using narrow ones. However, given the lack of a full-fledged coarse-grained sense inventory, most researchers continue to work on fine-grained WSD.

text: One problem with word sense disambiguation is deciding what the senses are. In cases like the word bass above, at least some senses are obviously different. In other cases, however, the different senses can be closely related (one meaning being a

text: metaphor

text: ical or

text: metonymic

text: extension of another), and in such cases division of words into senses becomes much more difficult. Different

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: thesaurus

text: es will provide different divisions of words into senses. One solution some researchers have used is to choose a particular dictionary, and just use its set of senses. Generally, however, research results using broad distinctions in senses have been much better than those using narrow ones. However, given the lack of a full-fledged coarse-grained sense inventory, most researchers continue to work on

text: fine-grained

text: WSD.

text: Shortly after a reformation of the Avengers, the Vision sustains massive damage in the final battle with the sorceress Morgan Le Fey, and although incapacitated for several weeks, is eventually rebuilt and recovers. While recovering, the Vision gives up his attempt to reconcile with his wife, although he is revealed to retain a fondness for her culture, such as visiting a restaurant that specifically caters to Wanda's childhood community simply because he enjoys the ambience. Remaining a member of the Avengers, he briefly becomes romantically involved with teammates Carol Danvers (a.k.a. Warbird/Ms. Marvel) and Mantis before attempting again to reconcile with the Scarlet Witch. Grief over the loss of the twins, however, drives Wanda insane again, and she attempts to alter reality to recreate them. This causes a series of catastrophic events that includes the Vision crashing an Avengers Quinjet into Avengers Mansion. The Vision advises his teammates that he is no longer in control of his body, and then expels several spheres that form into five Ultrons. The Avengers destroy them, and an enraged She-Hulk tears apart the remains of the Vision, having been driven to a breaking point by the rapid slew of attacks against the Avengers. The Avengers later believed that Ultron may have put a command in the Vision that would have been activated by the Avengers' Code White alert during one of the many periods in which Vision was held prisoner by Ultron, though this was never confirmed. The Vision's operating system and program files are later used in the creation of Iron Lad's armor. In Mighty Avengers the original Vision is briefly separated from Iron Lad by the power of the Cosmic Cube.

text: Shortly after a reformation of the Avengers, the Vision sustains massive damage in the final battle with the sorceress

text: Morgan Le Fey

text: , and although incapacitated for several weeks, is eventually rebuilt and recovers. While recovering, the Vision gives up his attempt to reconcile with his wife, although he is revealed to retain a fondness for her culture, such as visiting a restaurant that specifically caters to Wanda's childhood community simply because he enjoys the ambience. Remaining a member of the Avengers, he briefly becomes romantically involved with teammates

text: Carol Danvers

text: (a.k.a. Warbird/Ms. Marvel) and

text: Mantis

text: before attempting again to reconcile with the Scarlet Witch. Grief over the loss of the twins, however, drives Wanda insane again, and she attempts to alter reality to recreate them. This causes a series of catastrophic events that includes the Vision crashing an Avengers

text: Quinjet

text: into

text: Avengers Mansion

text: . The Vision advises his teammates that he is no longer in control of his body, and then expels several spheres that form into five Ultrons. The Avengers destroy them, and an enraged

text: She-Hulk

text: tears apart the remains of the Vision, having been driven to a breaking point by the rapid slew of attacks against the Avengers. The Avengers later believed that

text: Ultron

text: may have put a command in the Vision that would have been activated by the Avengers' Code White alert during one of the many periods in which Vision was held prisoner by Ultron, though this was never confirmed. The Vision's operating system and program files are later used in the creation of Iron Lad's armor. In Mighty Avengers the original Vision is briefly separated from Iron Lad by the power of the Cosmic Cube.

text: In visioning, a cross-functional team comes together to create stories of how new product concepts, services, and technology can better support the user work practice. The visioning team starts by reviewing the data to identify key issues and opportunities. The data walking session is followed by a group visioning session during which the visioning team generates a variety of new product concepts by telling stories of different usage scenarios based on the data collected. A vision includes the system, its delivery, and support structures to make the new work practice successful, but is told from the user's point of view.

text: He is actively involved with the NGO group "Voice of World". He believes in social work in a true sense. His awareness made him pledge to donate his eyes even at this young age.

text: He has senses far beyond that of any human and many animals. He is able to see in total darkness, blinding light, and under water. His hearing is so great that he can use selective hearing to listen for sound that he only wants/needs to hear. His sense of smell is strong enough to track targets by scent, even if the scent has been eroded over time naturally. He is even able to identify people by scent alone. His sense of taste though seems to be over sensitive, as he has become obsessed with fruits as his favorite foods, especially apples, just by their sweet taste.

text: Given these basic assumptions how is it possible that the truth value of a sentence in the context of an attribution can change - that is, how is semantic opacity possible? Bach sketches four historical approaches to the resolving the problem and demonstrates each of their inadequacies. The first approach is that of Frege himself. Frege claimed that the reference of a term in the context of a belief report (or any other attitude attribution) was no longer its "customary" reference but rather its sense (see sense and reference). While this proposal maintains compositionality, however, it obviously violates the aforementioned principle of semantic innocence. Terms do not have the same reference in attitude attribution contexts that they do in ordinary sentence contexts. Bach illustrates why this is a problem by providing an example sentence that involves anaphora and that leads to serious problems for the Fregean view:

text: Given these basic assumptions how is it possible that the truth value of a sentence in the context of an attribution can change - that is, how is

text: semantic opacity

text: possible? Bach sketches four historical approaches to the resolving the problem and demonstrates each of their inadequacies. The first approach is that of Frege himself. Frege claimed that the reference of a term in the context of a belief report (or any other attitude attribution) was no longer its "customary" reference but rather its sense (see

text: sense and reference

text: ). While this proposal maintains compositionality, however, it obviously violates the aforementioned principle of semantic innocence. Terms do not have the same reference in attitude attribution contexts that they do in ordinary sentence contexts. Bach illustrates why this is a problem by providing an example sentence that involves

text: anaphora

text: and that leads to serious problems for the Fregean view:

text: Another area of knowledge representation research was the problem of common sense reasoning.  One of the first realizations from trying to make software that can function with human natural language was that humans regularly draw on an extensive foundation of knowledge about the real world that we simply take for granted but that is not at all obvious to an artificial agent.  Basic principles of common sense physics, causality, intentions, etc. An example is the Frame problem, that in an event driven logic there need to be axioms that state things maintain position from one moment to the next unless they are moved by some external force. In order to make a true artificial intelligence agent that can converse with humans using natural language and can process basic statements and questions about the world it is essential to represent this kind of knowledge. One of the most ambitious programs to tackle this problem was Doug Lenat's Cyc project. Cyc established its own Frame language and had large numbers of analysts document various areas of common sense reasoning in that language. The knowledge recorded in Cyc included common sense models of time, causality, physics, intentions, and many others.

text: Another area of knowledge representation research was the problem of common sense reasoning.  One of the first realizations from trying to make software that can function with human natural language was that humans regularly draw on an extensive foundation of knowledge about the real world that we simply take for granted but that is not at all obvious to an artificial agent.  Basic principles of common sense physics, causality, intentions, etc. An example is the

text: Frame problem

text: , that in an event driven logic there need to be axioms that state things maintain position from one moment to the next unless they are moved by some external force. In order to make a true artificial intelligence agent that can converse with humans using natural language and can process basic statements and questions about the world it is essential to represent this kind of knowledge. One of the most ambitious programs to tackle this problem was Doug Lenat's

text: Cyc

text: project. Cyc established its own Frame language and had large numbers of analysts document various areas of common sense reasoning in that language. The knowledge recorded in Cyc included common sense models of time, causality, physics, intentions, and many others.

text: Sense of balance or equilibrioception is one of the physiological senses related to balance. It helps prevent humans and animals from falling over when standing or moving. Balance is the result of a number of body systems working together: the eyes (visual system), ears (vestibular system) and the body's sense of where it is in space (proprioception) ideally need to be intact. The vestibular system, the region of the inner ear where three semicircular canals converge, works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. This is called the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The balance system works with the visual and skeletal systems (the muscles and joints and their sensors) to maintain orientation or balance. Visual signals sent to the brain about the body's position in relation to its surroundings are processed by the brain and compared to information from the vestibular, visual and skeletal systems.

text: Sense of balance or equilibrioception is one of the physiological

text: sense

text: s related to

text: balance

text: . It helps prevent humans and animals from falling over when standing or moving. Balance is the result of a number of body systems working together: the eyes (visual system), ears (

text: vestibular system

text: ) and the body's sense of where it is in space (

text: proprioception

text: ) ideally need to be intact. The vestibular system, the region of the inner ear where three semicircular canals converge, works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. This is called the

text: vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

text: . The balance system works with the visual and skeletal systems (the muscles and joints and their sensors) to maintain orientation or balance. Visual signals sent to the brain about the body's position in relation to its surroundings are processed by the brain and compared to information from the vestibular, visual and skeletal systems.

text: Martineau began losing her senses of taste and smell at a young age, becoming increasingly deaf and having to use an ear trumpet. It was the beginning of many health problems in her life. In 1821 she began to write anonymously for the Monthly Repository, a Unitarian periodical, and in 1823 she published Devotional Exercises and Addresses, Prayers and Hymns. Her father's business failed in 1829. At 27 years old, Martineau stepped out of feminine propriety to earn a living for her family. Along with her needlework, she began selling her articles to the Monthly Repository, earning accolades, including three essay prizes from the Unitarian Association. Her regular work with the Repository helped establish her as a reliable and popular freelance writer.

text: Martineau began losing her senses of taste and smell at a young age, becoming increasingly

text: deaf

text: and having to use an

text: ear trumpet

text: . It was the beginning of many health problems in her life. In 1821 she began to write anonymously for the

text: Monthly Repository

text: , a Unitarian periodical, and in 1823 she published Devotional Exercises and Addresses, Prayers and Hymns. Her father's business failed in 1829. At 27 years old, Martineau stepped out of feminine propriety to earn a living for her family. Along with her needlework, she began selling her articles to the Monthly Repository, earning accolades, including three essay prizes from the

entity_name: British and Foreign Unitarian Association

text: Unitarian Association

text: . Her regular work with the Repository helped establish her as a reliable and popular freelance writer.

text: In L'Art Vivant Salmon quotes a statement made by Metzinger in defense of himself and Picasso: 'Before us, no painter had the desire to feel the objects he painted' ["Avant nous, aucun peintre n'avait eu le souci de palper les objets qu'il peignait"] (Jean Metzinger). What Metzinger probably refers to is that unlike the artists before them, he and Picasso move around their models and subjects, capturing not just one vision but many, capturing the full essence of their subject matter, if not all of its characteristics and properties. "Palper", or to 'palpate the objects' is more than just 'feel', it is to examine or explore by touch, a method of examination in which the artist feels size or shape or firmness or location of something, it implies volume, it involves a sense, just as taste. This text can also be found in André Salmon on French Modern Art, translated as: "We have never had the curiosity to touch the objects we were painting." This translation of Metzinger's statement is obviously erroneous, and in fact says almost the exactly opposite of what was meant (and indeed what was said) in French.

text: The sense of smell and detecting the aromas in wine is the primary means through which wine is tasted and evaluated. Prior to tasting the wine, wine drinkers will often smell the wine in the glass. Large bowl glasses with tapered openings, some of which are specifically designed to enhance aromatics of different wines, can assist in capturing more aromatics within the glass for the drinker to detect. Wines served at warmer temperature will be more aromatic than wine served cooler due to heat's ability to increase the volatility of aromatic compounds in the wine. Swirling, or aerating, the wine will increase available surface area, increasing the rate at which aroma molecules volatilize. Some subtle aromatics can be overwhelmed by more dominant aromatics that arise after swirling, so most professional tasters will sniff the wine briefly first before swirling. The closer the nose is to the wine, even right inside the glass, the greater chances of aromatics being captured. A series of short, quick sniffs versus one long inhale will also maximize the likelihood of aromatics being detected. The human nose starts to "fatigue" after around six seconds and so a pause may be needed between sniffs.

text: The sensation of taste includes five established basic tastes: sweetness, sourness, saltiness,  bitterness, and umami. Scientific experiments have proven that these five tastes exist and are distinct from one another. Taste buds are able to differentiate among different tastes through detecting interaction with different molecules or ions. Sweet, umami, and bitter tastes are triggered by the binding of molecules to G protein-coupled receptors on the cell membranes of taste buds. Saltiness and sourness are perceived when alkali metal or hydrogen ions enter taste buds, respectively.

text: The sensation of taste includes five established basic tastes:

text: sweetness

text: sourness

text: saltiness

text: bitterness

text: , and

text: umami

text: . Scientific experiments have proven that these five tastes exist and are distinct from one another. Taste buds are able to differentiate among different tastes through detecting interaction with different molecules or ions. Sweet, umami, and bitter tastes are triggered by the binding of molecules to

text: G protein-coupled receptors

text: on the

text: cell membrane

text: s of taste buds. Saltiness and sourness are perceived when

text: alkali metal

text: or

text: hydrogen

text: ions

text: enter taste buds, respectively.

text: Certain smells can be associated with specific areas and help a person with vision problems to remember a familiar area. This way there is a better chance of recognizing an areas layout in order to navigate themselves through. The same can be said for people as well. Some people have their own special odor that a person with a more trained sense of smell can pick up. A person with an impairment of their vision can use this to recognize people within their vicinity without them saying a word.

text: In the series the major novels carry the majority of internationally significant events, but the characters who perform the action are all too likely to have been introduced in one of the ground-eye view short stories which build deep background and form a backdrop for the overarching story lines. Flint is on record of stating "history is messy" but is not the stuff of the linear narrative cleaned up, categorized and written into a history book—and that he wanted to capture some sense of how individual actions on the behalf of one's own self-interest actually form the essence of history, not some idealized superman controlling the throttle and steering wheel at the heart of changing events.

text: In the

text: series

text: the major novels carry the majority of internationally significant events, but the characters who perform the action are all too likely to have been introduced in one of the ground-eye view short stories which

entity_section: 1632 Tech Manual, 1632 Slush, and 1632 Slush Comments

text: build deep background

text: and form a backdrop for the overarching story lines. Flint is on record of stating "history is messy" but is not the stuff of the linear narrative cleaned up, categorized and written into a history book—and that he wanted to capture some sense of how individual actions on the behalf of one's own self-interest actually form the essence of history, not some idealized superman controlling the throttle and steering wheel at the heart of changing events.

text: Due to heavy advertisement by both Bell and Paine, and the immense publicity created by their publishing quarrel, Common Sense was an immediate sensation not only in Philadelphia but also across the Thirteen Colonies. Early "reviewers" (mainly letter excerpts published anonymously in colonial newspapers) touted the clear and rational case for independence put forth by Paine. One Marylander wrote to the Pennsylvania Evening Post on February 6, 1776, that "if you know the author of COMMON SENSE, tell him he has done wonders and worked miracles. His stile [sic] is plain and nervous; his facts are true; his reasoning, just and conclusive."  The author went on to claim that the pamphlet was highly persuasive in swaying people towards independence. This mass appeal, one later reviewer noted, was due to Paine's dramatic calls for popular support of revolution, "giv[ing] liberty to every individual to contribute materials for that great building, the grand charter of American Liberty."  Paine's vision of a radical democracy, unlike the checked and balanced nation later favored by conservatives like John Adams, was highly attractive to the popular audience which read and reread Common Sense. In the months leading up to the Declaration of Independence, many more reviewers noted that these two main themes—direct and passionate style and calls for individual empowerment—were decisive in swaying the Colonists from reconciliation to rebellion. The pamphlet was also highly successful because of a brilliant marketing tactic planned by Paine. He and Bell timed the first edition to be published at around the same time as a proclamation on the colonies by King George III, hoping to contrast the strong, monarchical message with the heavily anti-monarchical Common Sense.  Luckily, the speech and the first advertisement of the pamphlet appeared on the same day within the pages of the Pennsylvania Evening Post.

text: Due to heavy advertisement by both Bell and Paine, and the immense publicity created by their publishing quarrel, Common Sense was an immediate sensation not only in

text: Philadelphia

text: but also across the Thirteen Colonies. Early "reviewers" (mainly letter excerpts published anonymously in colonial newspapers) touted the clear and rational case for independence put forth by Paine. One Marylander wrote to the Pennsylvania Evening Post on February 6, 1776, that "if you know the author of COMMON SENSE, tell him he has done wonders and worked miracles. His stile [sic] is plain and nervous; his facts are true; his reasoning, just and conclusive."  The author went on to claim that the pamphlet was highly persuasive in swaying people towards independence. This mass appeal, one later reviewer noted, was due to Paine's dramatic calls for popular support of revolution, "giv[ing] liberty to every individual to contribute materials for that great building, the grand charter of American Liberty."  Paine's vision of a radical democracy, unlike the checked and balanced nation later favored by conservatives like

text: John Adams

text: , was highly attractive to the popular audience which read and reread Common Sense. In the months leading up to the

text: Declaration of Independence

text: , many more reviewers noted that these two main themes—direct and passionate style and calls for individual empowerment—were decisive in swaying the Colonists from reconciliation to rebellion. The pamphlet was also highly successful because of a brilliant marketing tactic planned by Paine. He and Bell timed the first edition to be published at around the same time as a proclamation on the colonies by

text: King George III

text: , hoping to contrast the strong, monarchical message with the heavily anti-monarchical Common Sense.  Luckily, the speech and the first advertisement of the pamphlet appeared on the same day within the pages of the Pennsylvania Evening Post.

text: Michel Foucault's use of 'technologies of discourse' and 'mechanisms of power' describes how deliberation is either foreclosed or is a product of a series of technologies of discourse which produce a semblance of agency through the reproductions of power as they occur between individual subjects. The account of  'mechanisms' or 'technologies' is in some sense paradoxical: on the one hand, these technologies are inseparable from the subjects which enunciate them. On the other, to speak of the machine or technology which coordinates suggests an infrastructure through which the social is collectively organized, which suggests the removal of subjects from the means of their organization: a god's eye view of the social that is only coordinated by the movement of the parts.

text: Celia Paul's paintings are intimate depictions of people and places that she knows well. She does no portrait commissions. Her paintings have a haunting otherworldly feeling. "Throughout all her work the sense of sight is associated with a world of potential, within. This is how a sense of the ineffable is able to be communicated". Paul worked on a series of paintings of her mother from 1977 to 2007 and since then she has concentrated on her four sisters, especially her sister Kate. "…[T]he real strength of Paul's project becomes apparent with time: the concentrated emotional energy of chronicling a family and its subtle shifts over many years". Recently her work has taken a new direction and she has been focussing on landscape and the sea. "[S]he …is a creator of subterranean images. Her canvases are Impressionism in conversation with modernism- objective but felt".

text: A problem becomes apparent to actors throughout the levels and domains; the first step involves defining the key parameters of the problem then characterising the existing regime and landscape pressures. Differences in interpretation, perceived pressures, opinions and preference ensues the construction of a plurality of visions and solutions for consideration. A 'basket of objectives' is created which express the shared visions and goals of the actors. The visions outlined are long term in nature most commonly spanning at least one generation if not more and are used to inform short-term objectives. These visions can be expressed in a number of ways; more common forms include the use of pathways, scenarios and blueprints. As an example, if the problem of the unsustainable nature of our oil-dependent nation is presented, visions that may be put forward that constitute a carbon-neutral future include; the hydrogen economy, the all-electric society and the transition to global energy infrastructure to facilitate the maximisation of renewable energy.Although each vision will require different socio-technical changes they will all seek to broadly ensure the same goals are met, for example a low or no carbon economy and a secure and reliable supply.

text: A problem becomes apparent to actors throughout the levels and domains; the first step involves defining the key parameters of the problem then characterising the existing regime and landscape pressures. Differences in interpretation, perceived pressures, opinions and preference ensues the construction of a plurality of visions and solutions for consideration. A 'basket of objectives' is created which express the shared visions and goals of the actors. The visions outlined are long term in nature most commonly spanning at least one generation if not more and are used to inform short-term objectives. These visions can be expressed in a number of ways; more common forms include the use of pathways, scenarios and

text: blueprints

text: . As an example, if the problem of the unsustainable nature of our oil-dependent nation is presented, visions that may be put forward that constitute a

text: carbon-neutral

text: future include; the

text: hydrogen economy

text: , the all-electric society and the transition to global energy infrastructure to facilitate the maximisation of

text: renewable energy

text: .Although each vision will require different socio-technical changes they will all seek to broadly ensure the same goals are met, for example a low or no carbon economy and a secure and reliable supply.

text: Negative-sense (3' to 5')  viral RNA is complementary to the viral mRNA and thus from it a positive-sense RNA must be produced by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase prior to translation. Negative-sense RNA (like DNA) has a nucleotide sequence complementary to the mRNA that it encodes. Like DNA, this RNA cannot be translated into protein directly. Instead, it must first be transcribed into a positive-sense RNA that acts as an mRNA. Some viruses (Influenza, for example) have negative-sense genomes and so must carry an RNA polymerase inside the virion.

text: Negative-sense (3' to 5')  viral RNA is complementary to the viral mRNA and thus from it a positive-sense RNA must be produced by an

text: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

text: prior to translation. Negative-sense RNA (like DNA) has a

text: nucleotide sequence

text: complementary to the

text: mRNA

text: that it encodes. Like

text: DNA

text: , this RNA cannot be translated into

text: protein

text: directly. Instead, it must first be transcribed into a positive-sense RNA that acts as an mRNA. Some viruses (

text: Influenza

text: , for example) have negative-sense genomes and so must carry an RNA polymerase inside the

text: virion

text: In Taste, Hearing and Touch, the central scene is a meal; a lutenist is playing and children singing, epitomising hearing, while one young woman strokes a mink in her arms, representing touch, and another is about to eat oysters, representing taste. Details such as the clavichord and other musical instruments on the left relate to hearing, and a monkey is pulling the hair of a Cupid, a form of touch. The room and the hall visible in the right rear display pictures which are also related to the three senses: The Annunciation and Minerva's Visit to Parnassus (hearing), The Dentist (touch), and The Punishment of Rich Epulon and The Wedding at Cana (taste).

text: In Taste, Hearing and Touch, the central scene is a meal; a

text: lute

text: nist is playing and children singing, epitomising hearing, while one young woman strokes a

text: mink

text: in her arms, representing touch, and another is about to eat

text: oyster

text: s, representing taste. Details such as the

text: clavichord

text: and other musical instruments on the left relate to hearing, and a monkey is pulling the hair of a

text: Cupid

text: , a form of touch. The room and the hall visible in the right rear display pictures which are also related to the three senses: The Annunciation and Minerva's Visit to Parnassus (hearing), The Dentist (touch), and The Punishment of Rich Epulon and The Wedding at Cana (taste).

text: The Ferengi are a humanoid species, somewhat smaller than humans, usually reaching approximately 1.5 meters (5 feet) in height. Ferengi have unusually large ears, which are more pronounced in males than in females, giving them an excellent sense of hearing. Due to the size of their ears, they can also sense sudden atmospheric and altitude changes within a starship most other species would not have noticed (DS9: "Starship Down"). An ear infection is excruciatingly painful, and can easily prove fatal to even an otherwise healthy Ferengi if they don't seek the appropriate treatment in time (DS9: "Bar Association"). The ears, at least in males, are erogenous zones; Ferengi are seen to take sensual delight when their ears are stimulated, described by the word oo-mox. The exact meaning is unclear, since according to the Ferengi, "there is no direct translation" for the word into any Human language (See Ménage à Troi (Star Trek: The Next Generation)). The Ferengi also colloquially use the word lobes much as the words brains or balls are used in modern English (as in, "I didn't think you had the lobes for that!").

text: The Ferengi are a

text: humanoid

text: species, somewhat smaller than humans, usually reaching approximately 1.5 meters (5 feet) in height. Ferengi have unusually large

text: ear

text: s, which are more pronounced in males than in females, giving them an excellent sense of

text: hearing

text: . Due to the size of their ears, they can also sense sudden atmospheric and altitude changes within a starship most other species would not have noticed (DS9: "

text: Starship Down

text: "). An ear infection is excruciatingly painful, and can easily prove fatal to even an otherwise healthy Ferengi if they don't seek the appropriate treatment in time (DS9: "

entity_name: Bar Association (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

text: Bar Association

text: "). The ears, at least in males, are

text: erogenous zone

text: s; Ferengi are seen to take sensual delight when their ears are stimulated, described by the word oo-mox. The exact meaning is unclear, since according to the Ferengi, "there is no direct translation" for the word into any Human language (See

text: Ménage à Troi (Star Trek: The Next Generation)

text: ). The Ferengi also colloquially use the word lobes much as the words brains or balls are used in modern English (as in, "I didn't think you had the lobes for that!").

text: The sensory receptors involved in taste and smell contain receptor molecules that bind to specific chemicals. Odor receptors in olfactory receptor neurons, for example, are activated by interacting with molecular structures on the odor molecule. Similarly, taste receptors (gustatory receptors) in taste buds interact with chemicals in food to produce an action potential.

text: The sensory receptors involved in taste and smell contain

text: receptor molecules

text: that bind to specific chemicals.

text: Odor receptor

text: s in

text: olfactory receptor neuron

text: s, for example, are activated by interacting with molecular structures on the

text: odor

text: molecule. Similarly,

text: taste

text: receptors (gustatory receptors) in

text: taste bud

text: s interact with chemicals in food to produce an

text: action potential

text: The perception of a shape requires the grasping of the essential structural features, to produce a "whole" or gestalt. The theory of the gestalt was proposed by Christian von Ehrenfels in 1890. He pointed out that a melody is still recognisable when played in different keys and argued that the whole is not simply the sum of its parts but a total structure. Max Wertheimer researched von Ehrenfels' idea, and in his "Theory of Form" (1923) – nicknamed "the dot essay" because it was illustrated with abstract patterns of dots and lines – he concluded that the perceiving eye tends to bring together elements that look alike (similarity groupings) and will complete an incomplete form (object hypothesis). An array of random dots tends to form configurations (constellations). All these innate abilities demonstrate how the eye and the mind are seeking pattern and simple whole shapes. When we look at more complex visual images such as paintings we can see that art has been a continuous attempt to "notate" visual information.

text: The perception of a shape requires the grasping of the essential structural features, to produce a "whole" or

text: gestalt

text: . The theory of the gestalt was proposed by

text: Christian von Ehrenfels

text: in 1890. He pointed out that a melody is still recognisable when played in different keys and argued that the whole is not simply the sum of its parts but a total structure.

text: Max Wertheimer

text: researched von Ehrenfels' idea, and in his "Theory of Form" (1923) – nicknamed "the dot essay" because it was illustrated with abstract patterns of dots and lines – he concluded that the perceiving eye tends to bring together elements that look alike (similarity groupings) and will complete an incomplete form (object hypothesis). An array of random dots tends to form configurations (constellations). All these innate abilities demonstrate how the eye and the mind are seeking pattern and simple whole shapes. When we look at more complex visual images such as paintings we can see that art has been a continuous attempt to "notate" visual information.

text: Problems with balance can occur when there is a disruption in any of the vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive systems. Abnormalities in balance function may indicate a wide range of pathologies from causes like inner ear disorders, low blood pressure, brain tumors, and brain injury including stroke.

text: 2. Feminine Touch: Women are frequently depicted touching persons or objects in a ritualistic manner, occasionally just barely touching the object or person. Goffman argues that "females in advertising are frequently posing while “using their fingers and hands to trace the outlines of an object, or to cradle it or to caress its surface". This ritualistic touching is to be distinguished from the utilitarian kind that grasps, manipulates, or holds”. This type of touch encourages the idea that women are sexually available, weak, and vulnerable in the sense of their agency, body language and individuality in relation to men.

text: 2. Feminine Touch: Women are frequently depicted touching persons or objects in a ritualistic manner, occasionally just barely touching the object or person.

text: Goffman

text: argues that "females in advertising are frequently posing while “using their fingers and hands to trace the outlines of an object, or to cradle it or to caress its surface". This ritualistic touching is to be distinguished from the utilitarian kind that grasps, manipulates, or holds”. This type of touch encourages the idea that women are sexually available, weak, and vulnerable in the sense of their agency, body language and individuality in relation to men.

text: There is some confusion in articles over how the focusing mechanism of the eye works. In the classic book, Eye and Brain by Gregory, for example, the lens is said to be suspended by a membrane, the 'zonula', which holds it under tension. The tension is released, by contraction of the ciliary muscle, to allow the lens to become more round, for close vision. This implies the ciliary muscle, which is outside the zonula, must be circumferential, contracting like a sphincter, to slacken the tension of the zonula pulling outwards on the lens. This is consistent with the fact that our eyes seem to be in the 'relaxed' state when focusing at infinity, and also explains why no amount of effort seems to enable a myopic person to see farther away.

text: There is some confusion in articles over how the focusing mechanism of the eye works. In the classic book, Eye and Brain by Gregory, for example, the lens is said to be suspended by a membrane, the '

text: zonula

text: ', which holds it under tension. The tension is released, by contraction of the ciliary muscle, to allow the lens to become more round, for close vision. This implies the ciliary muscle, which is outside the zonula, must be circumferential, contracting like a sphincter, to slacken the tension of the zonula pulling outwards on the lens. This is consistent with the fact that our eyes seem to be in the 'relaxed' state when focusing at infinity, and also explains why no amount of effort seems to enable a

text: myopic

text: person to see farther away.

text: As his senses are literally dulled, his imagination helps him sense the spirit's supernatural presence. Instead of perceiving the vision through the senses, the Poet imaginatively observes her in the dying images of the passing objects of nature. The boat flows onward to an "immeasurable void" and the Poet finds himself ready to sink into the supernatural world and break through the threshold into death.

text: Touch sometimes encounter some problems with the signal, related to Return loss mainly on iPhone on the 3G network; which will cause the change of the carrier name from "touch" to "RL(return loss) MTC Lebanon" and then will change back to "touch" when the signal gets better.

text: Touch sometimes encounter some problems with the signal, related to

text: Return loss

text: mainly on iPhone on the 3G network; which will cause the change of the carrier name from "touch" to "RL(return loss) MTC Lebanon" and then will change back to "touch" when the signal gets better.

text: Mutations in this gene may underlie hereditary disorders of balance and hearing.

text: Mutations in this gene may underlie

text: hereditary disorder

text: s of

text: balance

text: and hearing.

text: Infographics are effective because of their visual element.  Humans receive input from all five of their senses (sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste), but they receive significantly more information from vision than any of the other four.  Fifty percent of the human brain is dedicated to visual functions, and images are processed faster than text.  The brain processes pictures all at once, but processes text in a linear fashion, meaning it takes much longer to obtain information from text.  Entire business processes or industry sectors can be made relevant to a new audience through a guidance design technique that leads the eye. The page may link to a more complete report, but the infographic primes the reader making the subject-matter more accessible. Online trends, such as the increasingly short attention span of Internet users, has also contributed to the increasing popularity and effectiveness of infographics.

text: Infographics are effective because of their visual element.  Humans receive input from all five of their

text: senses

text: (sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste), but they receive significantly more information from vision than any of the other four.  Fifty percent of the human brain is dedicated to visual functions, and images are processed faster than text.  The brain processes pictures all at once, but processes text in a linear fashion, meaning it takes much longer to obtain information from text.  Entire business processes or industry sectors can be made relevant to a new audience through a guidance design technique that leads the eye. The page may link to a more complete report, but the infographic primes the reader making the subject-matter more accessible. Online trends, such as the increasingly short attention span of Internet users, has also contributed to the increasing popularity and effectiveness of infographics.

text: Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa has a farinaceous smell and taste.

text: Psilocybe cyanofibrillosa has a

text: farinaceous

text: smell and taste.

text: Le marteau sans maître was hailed by critics, fellow composers, and other musical experts as a masterpiece of the post-war avant-garde from its first performance in 1955.  Interviewed in 2014, the composer Harrison Birtwistle declared that Le marteau sans maître "is the kind of piece, in all the noise of contemporary music that's gone on in my lifetime, I’d like to have written" . Another British composer, George Benjamin, described the work as “a breakthrough. It is a work in which you can also hear the profound influence of extra-European music, above all from Asia and Africa. This radically alters the sonority and the music’s sense of time and direction, as well as its expressive viewpoint and ethos" . One of the most enthusiastic and influential early testimonials came from Igor  who praised the work as an exemplar of “a new and wonderfully supple kind of music."  However, according to Howard Goodall, the sixty years since its première have failed to grant Le marteau an equally enthusiastic endorsement from the general public. "While Boulez’s iconoclasm was attractive to some students of twentieth-century classical music, who venerated… Le marteau sans maître,… most neutral listeners then as now found both his polemic and his music thoroughly impenetrable" . Despite its attractive surface, its "smooth sheen of pretty sounds" , issues remain about the music’s deeper comprehensibility for the ordinary listener. Even Stravinsky’s ear struggled to hear some of the work’s polyphonic textures: "One follows the line of only a single instrument and is content to be 'aware of' the others. Perhaps later the second line and the third will be familiar, but one mustn't try to hear them in the tonal-harmonic sense" . But if we are supposed not to listen in the tonal-harmonic sense, what exactly is it that we should hear and understand in a work which, in the words of Alex Ross, features “nothing so vulgar as a melody or a steady beat” ? Stravinsky said that repeated hearings, through the availability of recordings, would aid performers more quickly to overcome technical difficulties presented by the music: "If a work like Le marteau sans maître had been written before the present era of recording it would have reached young musicians outside of the principal cities only years later.  As it is this same Marteau, considered so difficult to perform a few years ago, is now within the technique of many players, thanks to their being taught by record" .

text: Le marteau sans maître was hailed by critics, fellow composers, and other musical experts as a masterpiece of the

text: post-war avant-garde

text: from its first performance in 1955.  Interviewed in 2014, the composer

text: Harrison Birtwistle

text: declared that Le marteau sans maître "is the kind of piece, in all the noise of contemporary music that's gone on in my lifetime, I’d like to have written" . Another British composer,

text: George Benjamin

text: , described the work as “a breakthrough. It is a work in which you can also hear the profound influence of extra-European music, above all from Asia and Africa. This radically alters the sonority and the music’s sense of time and direction, as well as its expressive viewpoint and ethos" . One of the most enthusiastic and influential early testimonials came from Igor  who praised the work as an exemplar of “a new and wonderfully supple kind of music."  However, according to

text: Howard Goodall

text: , the sixty years since its première have failed to grant Le marteau an equally enthusiastic endorsement from the general public. "While Boulez’s iconoclasm was attractive to some students of twentieth-century classical music, who venerated… Le marteau sans maître,… most neutral listeners then as now found both his polemic and his music thoroughly impenetrable" . Despite its attractive surface, its "smooth sheen of pretty sounds" , issues remain about the music’s deeper comprehensibility for the ordinary listener. Even Stravinsky’s ear struggled to hear some of the work’s

text: polyphonic

text: textures: "One follows the line of only a single instrument and is content to be 'aware of' the others. Perhaps later the second line and the third will be familiar, but one mustn't try to hear them in the tonal-harmonic sense" . But if we are supposed not to listen in the tonal-harmonic sense, what exactly is it that we should hear and understand in a work which, in the words of Alex Ross, features “nothing so vulgar as a melody or a steady beat” ? Stravinsky said that repeated hearings, through the availability of recordings, would aid performers more quickly to overcome technical difficulties presented by the music: "If a work like Le marteau sans maître had been written before the present era of recording it would have reached young musicians outside of the principal cities only years later.  As it is this same Marteau, considered so difficult to perform a few years ago, is now within the technique of many players, thanks to their being taught by record" .

text: The Detour of this leg was a choice between Sense of Touch or Sense of Smell. In Sense of Touch, teams made their way on foot to the Shimojima Building and had to use miniature robots controlled by cell phones to play a game of soccer against two robotic defenders. Once each team member had scored a goal, the referee would give them their next clue. In Sense of Smell, teams made their way to the Saera Flower Shop where only artificial flowers were sold. Once there, they had to use their noses (and only their noses) to identify one real flower hidden among thousands of artificial ones in the two story flower shop. When they found a real flower, the shop owner would give them their next clue.

text: A largely self-taught wildlife photographer, Tipling came under the watchful eye of Roy Coles, the then warden of nearby Bough Beech Reservoir, a nature reserve in Kent.  Tipling learned his craft largely by 'trial and error' and by training his eye, studying the work of various artist's who gave him his distinctive 'artistic' sense of composition.

text: A largely self-taught wildlife photographer, Tipling came under the watchful eye of Roy Coles, the then warden of nearby

text: Bough Beech

text: Reservoir, a

text: nature reserve

text: in Kent.  Tipling learned his craft largely by 'trial and error' and by training his eye, studying the work of various artist's who gave him his distinctive 'artistic' sense of composition.

text: A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The camera is a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without physical contact. The word camera comes from camera obscura, which means "dark chamber" and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.

text: A camera is an

text: optical

text: instrument for recording or capturing

text: image

text: s, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still

text: photograph

text: s or sequences of images constituting

text: video

text: s or

text: movies

text: . The camera is a

text: remote sensing

text: device as it senses subjects without physical contact. The word camera comes from

text: camera obscura

text: , which means "dark chamber" and is the

text: Latin

text: name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the

text: human eye

text: Sense and Sensibilia (or On Sense and the Sensible, On Sense and What is Sensed, On Sense Perception; Greek: Περὶ αἰσθήσεως καὶ αἰσθητῶν, Latin: De sensu et sensibilibus, De sensu et sensili, De sensu et sensato) is one of the short treatises by Aristotle that make up the Parva Naturalia.

text: Sense and Sensibilia (or On Sense and the Sensible, On Sense and What is Sensed, On Sense Perception;

text: Greek

text: : Περὶ αἰσθήσεως καὶ αἰσθητῶν,

text: Latin

text: : De sensu et sensibilibus, De sensu et sensili, De sensu et sensato) is one of the short treatises by

text: Aristotle

text: that make up the

text: Parva Naturalia

text: However, creative visualization is closely related to, and is often considered as one part of, guided imagery. In guided imagery, a trained practitioner or teacher helps a participant or patient to evoke and generate mental images that simulate or re-create the sensory perception of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, movements, and touch, as well as imaginative or mental content that the participating subject experiences as defying conventional sensory categories.

text: However, creative visualization is closely related to, and is often considered as one part of,

text: guided imagery

text: . In guided imagery, a trained practitioner or teacher helps a participant or patient to evoke and generate

text: mental image

text: s that simulate or re-create the

text: sensory perception

text: of

text: sights

text: sound

text: s,

text: taste

text: s,

text: smells

text: movements

text: , and

text: touch

text: , as well as

text: imaginative

text: or

text: mental

text: content that the participating subject experiences as defying conventional

text: sensory categories

text: The human sense of hearing is subjective and difficult to define. Psychoacoustics is a division of acoustics that studies this field.

text: The human sense of hearing is subjective and difficult to define.

text: Psychoacoustics

text: is a division of acoustics that studies this field.

text: A necessary precondition for individuals in a somatocentric system is the privileging of sight over other senses in perceiving reality.  Using vision as the primary sense for constructing reality may cause one to miss complex and hidden nuances of existence, limiting perception.  A comparison of sight and hearing shows that sight is mono-directional and exclusive, while sound is proximate, fluid, and inclusive.

text: A necessary precondition for individuals in a somatocentric system is the privileging of

text: sight

text: over other

text: senses

text: in perceiving

text: reality

text: .  Using vision as the primary sense for constructing

text: reality

text: may cause one to miss complex and hidden nuances of

text: existence

text: , limiting

text: perception

text: .  A comparison of

text: sight

text: and

text: hearing

text: shows that sight is mono-directional and exclusive, while sound is proximate, fluid, and inclusive.

text: Sense and Sensibilia is a landmark 1962 work of ordinary language philosophy by J. L. Austin, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford. Austin attacks sense data theories of perception, specifically those of A. J. Ayer.

text: Sense and Sensibilia is a landmark 1962 work of

text: ordinary language philosophy

text: by

text: J. L. Austin

text: , Professor of

text: Philosophy

text: at the

text: University of Oxford

text: . Austin attacks

text: sense data

text: theories of

text: perception

text: , specifically those of

text: A. J. Ayer

text: The northern portion of the building was Vision, which had its own entrance. Vision was a large multi-level, multi-room nightclub that catered to fans of hip-hop, trance, and or house music. Notable guests who played at Vision included Rihanna, MSTRKRFT, Moby, Paul van Dyk, Benny Benassi, Cosmic Gate, Armin Van Buuren, Tiësto, Gabriel & Dresden and Gareth Emery.

text: The northern portion of the building was Vision, which had its own entrance. Vision was a large multi-level, multi-room nightclub that catered to fans of

text: hip-hop

text: trance

text: , and or

text: house music

text: . Notable guests who played at Vision included

text: Rihanna

text: MSTRKRFT

text: Moby

text: Paul van Dyk

text: Benny Benassi

text: Cosmic Gate

text: Armin Van Buuren

text: Tiësto

text: Gabriel & Dresden

text: and

text: Gareth Emery

text: Touch is an album released by Delirious? in 2002. It is essentially a clone of album Audio Lessonover? released in North America. In fact, only the first song, "Touch", is new. "Love is the Compass" and "Waiting for the Summer" are different versions from the UK release, and four songs present on Audio Lessonover were removed from Touch.

text: Touch is an album released by

text: Delirious?

text: in 2002. It is essentially a clone of album

text: Audio Lessonover?

text: released in North America. In fact, only the first song, "Touch", is new. "Love is the Compass" and "Waiting for the Summer" are different versions from the UK release, and four songs present on Audio Lessonover were removed from Touch.

text: These devices use the sense of touch to simulate the physical interaction between the user and a virtual object. There are three different types of 3D Haptic displays: those that provide the user a sense of force, the ones that simulate the sense of touch and those that use both. The main features that distinguish these devices are: haptic presentation capability, resolution and ergonomics. The human haptic system has 2 fundamental kinds of cues, tactile and kinesthetic. Tactile cues are a type of human touch cues that have a wide variety of skin receptors located below the surface of the skin that provide information about the texture, temperature, pressure and damage. Kinesthetic cues are a type of human touch cues that have many receptors in the muscles, joints and tendons that provide information about the angle of joints and stress and length of muscles.

text: These devices use the sense of touch to simulate the physical interaction between the user and a virtual object. There are three different types of 3D Haptic displays: those that provide the user a sense of force, the ones that simulate the sense of touch and those that use both. The main features that distinguish these devices are: haptic presentation capability, resolution and

text: ergonomics

text: . The human haptic system has 2 fundamental kinds of cues, tactile and kinesthetic. Tactile cues are a type of human touch cues that have a wide variety of skin receptors located below the surface of the skin that provide information about the texture, temperature, pressure and damage. Kinesthetic cues are a type of human touch cues that have many receptors in the muscles, joints and tendons that provide information about the angle of joints and stress and length of muscles.

text: The problem with Gracie's visions is that she does not know exactly what she is seeing. Sometimes she sees the past, sometimes the present, and sometimes she misinterprets her visions completely. Assisted by her cousin Diego, Gracie follows her visions in hopes of finding Emily. After a few false starts and a little research, she finds Emily's trail and is taken captive by Emily's kidnapper. Trapped in a guarded and gloomy house, Gracie begins to see the dark childhood of her kidnapper and his kins in unstoppable visions, the kidnapper is a madman who regrets not saving his ill sister Nell. This leads to the house being set ablaze by his enraged father and most of his brothers and sisters are killed in the fire including his dear sister Lizbet. This disillusioned madman wants to end this properly this time and so plans to die with his foster 'family'.

text: John Dewey's voluminous writings provide a rich source of different senses for the words 'condition' and 'consequence'. Except where explicitly noted, all references to Dewey are by volume number and page in the Southern Illinois UP critical edition.It would be useful to catalogue the various senses Dewey attaches to 'condition' and 'consequence' the way that A.O. Lovejoy famously catalogued senses of 'pragmatism'. In several passages, Dewey links a sense of 'condition' with a corresponding sense of 'consequence' just as senses of these words were linked above. Two corresponding usages occur repeatedly in his writings and, it should be said, in most writings concerned with human activity including government and technology. In one, condition/consequence is somewhat analogous to means/end. In fact, Dewey sometimes uses the words 'condition' and 'means' almost interchangeably as in his famous pronouncement: “Every intelligent act involves selection of certain things as means to other things as their consequences”.

text: John Dewey

text: 's voluminous writings provide a rich source of different senses for the words 'condition' and 'consequence'. Except where explicitly noted, all references to Dewey are by volume number and page in the Southern Illinois UP critical edition.It would be useful to catalogue the various senses Dewey attaches to 'condition' and 'consequence' the way that A.O. Lovejoy famously catalogued senses of 'pragmatism'. In several passages, Dewey links a sense of 'condition' with a corresponding sense of 'consequence' just as senses of these words were linked above. Two corresponding usages occur repeatedly in his writings and, it should be said, in most writings concerned with human activity including government and technology. In one, condition/consequence is somewhat analogous to means/end. In fact, Dewey sometimes uses the words 'condition' and 'means' almost interchangeably as in his famous pronouncement: “Every intelligent act involves selection of certain things as means to other things as their consequences”.

text: A psychogram is a term sometimes used in fields within psychology such as personality theory and perception as well as graphology and handwriting analysis, although the term has multiple senses, many of them out-of-date, and none of the senses of the term are defined clearly or used consistently. One sense of the term is from psychological research in the middle of the twentieth century, meaning a composite psychological measurement which attempts to integrate various elements of a person's thought processes, often a diagram, usually in the form of a circle. According to one source, in this sense, a psychogram denoted "not the sum of elements but their interrelationship" as a way to reduce "complex happenings to a simple design which enables the individual to make his decision." The term was used by a few psychologists such as Daniel S. Anthony in the 1960s, PMID 13659290 It was used as a visual representation or "map" of an individual's personality. The term never caught on within the mainstream psychological academic establishment, possibly because there was no consistent sense of what psychograms were or how they should be used. There is a different, yet slightly related sense of the term, which refers to a specific system of handwriting analysis in the field of graphology. A third sense of the term has less emphasis on measuring personality and more on measuring psychological perception, with the term being used in conjunction with the Rorschach inkblot projection technique, so that the scores on various measures following a Rorschach test are combined into a summary of all the scored responses, called a psychogram. There are other senses which appear sporadically and which are not used consistently. For example, the term has been used in a few book titles; the psychology department of Illinois State University used the term as the title of a newsletter; it was used to describe a type of poetry. The term appeared briefly in 1896 in connection with early vision experiments regarding perception.

text: A psychogram is a term sometimes used in fields within

text: psychology

text: such as

text: personality

text: theory and

text: perception

text: as well as

text: graphology

text: and handwriting analysis, although the term has multiple senses, many of them out-of-date, and none of the senses of the term are defined clearly or used consistently. One sense of the term is from psychological research in the middle of the twentieth century, meaning a composite psychological measurement which attempts to integrate various elements of a person's thought processes, often a diagram, usually in the form of a circle. According to one source, in this sense, a psychogram denoted "not the sum of elements but their interrelationship" as a way to reduce "complex happenings to a simple design which enables the individual to make his decision." The term was used by a few psychologists such as Daniel S. Anthony in the 1960s, PMID 13659290 It was used as a visual representation or "map" of an individual's

text: personality

text: . The term never caught on within the mainstream psychological academic establishment, possibly because there was no consistent sense of what psychograms were or how they should be used. There is a different, yet slightly related sense of the term, which refers to a specific system of handwriting analysis in the field of

text: graphology

text: . A third sense of the term has less emphasis on measuring personality and more on measuring psychological perception, with the term being used in conjunction with the

text: Rorschach inkblot projection technique

text: , so that the scores on various measures following a Rorschach test are combined into a summary of all the scored responses, called a psychogram. There are other senses which appear sporadically and which are not used consistently. For example, the term has been used in a few book titles; the psychology department of

text: Illinois State University

text: used the term as the title of a newsletter; it was used to describe a type of poetry. The term appeared briefly in 1896 in connection with early vision experiments regarding

text: perception

text: Baleen whales have a small, yet functional, vomeronasal organ. This allows baleen whales to detect chemicals and pheromones released by their prey. It is thought that 'tasting' the water is important for finding prey, and track down other whales. They are believed to have an impaired sense of smell due to the lack of the olfactory bulb, but they do have an olfactory tract. Baleen whales have few if any taste buds, suggesting they have lost their sense of taste. They do retain salt-receptor taste-buds suggesting that they can taste saltiness.

text: Baleen whales have a small, yet functional,

text: vomeronasal organ

text: . This allows baleen whales to detect chemicals and

text: pheromone

text: s released by their prey. It is thought that 'tasting' the water is important for finding prey, and track down other whales. They are believed to have an impaired sense of smell due to the lack of the

text: olfactory bulb

text: , but they do have an

text: olfactory tract

text: . Baleen whales have few if any taste buds, suggesting they have lost their sense of taste. They do retain

text: salt-receptor

text: taste-buds suggesting that they can taste saltiness.

text: Foreseeing potential future directions for a corporation or company is sometimes called ‘visioning’. Yet achieving a clear, shared vision in an organization is often difficult due to a lack of commitment to the new vision by some individuals in the organization, because it does not match reality as they see it. Those who support the new vision are termed ‘Cassandras’ – able to see what is going to happen, but not believed. Sometimes the name Cassandra is applied to those who can predict rises, falls, and particularly crashes on the global stock market, as happened with Warren Buffett, who repeatedly warned that the 1990s stock market surge was a bubble, attracting to him the title of 'Wall Street Cassandra'.

text: Foreseeing potential future directions for a corporation or company is sometimes called ‘visioning’. Yet achieving a clear, shared vision in an organization is often difficult due to a lack of commitment to the new vision by some individuals in the organization, because it does not match reality as they see it. Those who support the new vision are termed ‘Cassandras’ – able to see what is going to happen, but not believed. Sometimes the name Cassandra is applied to those who can predict rises, falls, and particularly crashes on the global

text: stock market

text: , as happened with

text: Warren Buffett

text: , who repeatedly warned that the 1990s stock market surge was a bubble, attracting to him the title of 'Wall Street Cassandra'.

text: Vision abnormalities such as metamorphopsia (distortions) and scotoma are symptoms of retinal diseases such as Macular degeneration. In advanced stages of the disease, photoreceptor cells may be irreversibly damaged. Hence,if not treated Macular degeneration may lead to blindness. Awareness to early changes in vision, especially in high risk patients, leads to early treatment (such as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF factors, e.g. bevacizumab or ranibizumab) and prevents loss of vision. Because of complex brain mechanisms such as Filling-in, patients with small and peripheral defects in their vision are often unaware of such changes until late stages in the disease. Another problem is that minute visual aberrations can be normal and therefore should be distinguished from genuine visual abnormalities. Preferential hyperacuity perimetry (PHP) is a technology that bypasses Filling-in and quantifies the extent of visual abnormalities.

text: Vision abnormalities such as metamorphopsia (distortions) and

text: scotoma

text: are symptoms of retinal diseases such as

text: Macular degeneration

text: . In advanced stages of the disease,

text: photoreceptor cell

text: s may be irreversibly damaged. Hence,if not treated

text: Macular degeneration

text: may lead to blindness. Awareness to early changes in vision, especially in high risk patients, leads to early treatment (such as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF factors, e.g.

text: bevacizumab

text: or

text: ranibizumab

text: ) and prevents loss of vision. Because of complex brain mechanisms such as

text: Filling-in

text: , patients with small and peripheral defects in their vision are often unaware of such changes until late stages in the disease. Another problem is that minute visual aberrations can be normal and therefore should be distinguished from genuine visual abnormalities. Preferential hyperacuity perimetry (PHP) is a technology that bypasses

text: Filling-in

text: and quantifies the extent of visual abnormalities.

text: Physical texture, also known as actual texture or tactile texture, are the actual  variations upon a surface. This can include, but is not limited to, fur, wood grain, sand, smooth surface of canvas or metal, glass, and leather. It differentiates itself from visual texture by having a physical quality that can be felt by touch. Specific use of a texture can affect the smoothness that an artwork conveys. For instance, use of rough surfaces can be visually active, whilst smooth surfaces can be visually restful. The use of both can give a sense of personality to a design, or utilized to create emphasis, rhythm, contrast, etc.

text: While the human brain is dominated by a large visual cortex, the dog brain is dominated by a large olfactory cortex. Dogs have roughly forty times more smell-sensitive receptors than humans, ranging from about 125 million to nearly 300 million in some dog breeds, such as bloodhounds. This is thought to make its sense of smell up to 40 times more sensitive than human's. These receptors are spread over an area about the size of a pocket handkerchief (compared to 5 million over an area the size of a postage stamp for humans).  Dogs' sense of smell also includes the use of the Vomeronasal organ, which is used primarily for social interactions.

text: While the human brain is dominated by a large

text: visual cortex

text: , the dog brain is dominated by a large

text: olfactory cortex

text: . Dogs have roughly forty times more

text: smell-sensitive receptors

text: than humans, ranging from about 125 million to nearly 300 million in some dog breeds, such as bloodhounds. This is thought to make its sense of smell up to 40 times more sensitive than human's. These receptors are spread over an area about the size of a pocket handkerchief (compared to 5 million over an area the size of a postage stamp for humans).  Dogs' sense of smell also includes the use of the

text: Vomeronasal organ

text: , which is used primarily for social interactions.

text: Prominent examples of touch instruments include the Dave Bunker touch guitar "Duo'Lectar" first instrument to be specifically designed and patented in 1961 for double neck fretboard-Touch/Tap style use), Single Neck type tapping instruments include, the Chapman Stick (developed in 1970 and produced in 1974), the Warr Guitar (first produced in 1991) and the Mobius Megatar. Other touch guitars have included the Solene, Chuck Soupios's dual-necked BiAxe (patented in 1980 and produced during the early 1980s) and Sergio Santucci's TrebleBass (another 1980s instrument, which won the endorsement of Stanley Jordan), while other current manufacturers include Box Guitars and Crimson Guitars. Markus Reuter developed and began manufacturing instruments under the "Touch Guitar" trademark in the late 2000s.

text: Prominent examples of touch instruments include the

text: Dave Bunker

text: touch guitar "

text: Duo'Lectar

text: " first instrument to be specifically designed and patented in 1961 for double neck fretboard-Touch/Tap style use), Single Neck type tapping instruments include, the

text: Chapman Stick

text: (developed in 1970 and produced in 1974), the

text: Warr Guitar

text: (first produced in 1991) and the Mobius

text: Megatar

text: . Other touch guitars have included the Solene, Chuck Soupios's dual-necked BiAxe (patented in 1980 and produced during the early 1980s) and Sergio Santucci's TrebleBass (another 1980s instrument, which won the endorsement of

text: Stanley Jordan

text: ), while other current manufacturers include Box Guitars and Crimson Guitars. Markus Reuter developed and began manufacturing instruments under the "Touch Guitar" trademark in the late 2000s.

text: Many countries require that every person recommended for detention or involuntary treatment be reviewed in a legal hearing, with legal representation provided. Some countries with fewer resources may initially only require a paper review in straightforward cases, or may not review very short detentions (e.g. less than 72 hours). However, the WHO states that there must always be a right of appeal in a timely manner as well as "ongoing, automatic, mandatory and regular reviews of status." The hearing authority should not be influenced by any external instruction at all. A balance is required between avoiding delays in necessary admission/treatment, reviewing as soon as possible, preventing harm, and recognising rights to mental health care as well as to refuse treatment.

text: In some sense, this can be considered to be a self-balancing binary search tree that is optimized for storage on a slow medium, in that the on-disc form will always be balanced but will get no mid-transaction writes; doing so eases the difficulty (at the time) of adding and removing nodes, and instead performs these (slow) rebalancing operations at the same time as the (much slower) write to the storage medium.

text: Hedging is the practice of taking a position in one market to offset and balance against the risk adopted by assuming a position in a contrary or opposing market or investment. The word hedge is from Old English hecg, originally any fence, living or artificial. The use of the word as a verb in the sense of "dodge, evade" is first recorded in the 1590s; that of insure oneself against loss, as in a bet, is from the 1670s.

text: The creation of the vision can be done in two ways. Top management can either appoint a Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO), who will create the vision, or they can create a vision and entrust the CKO to carry it out. It is extremely important at this point that the employees of the organization are allowed to share in the making of vision of the organization. This will create a sense of belonging for the employees, and allow them to participate in the change process. It will also make them accept the change process more readily than if they were not allowed to participate in it.

text: First introduced in 2003, the Vision underwent a major redesign for 2008 model year and an exterior update for the 2015 model year.  Coinciding with other alternative-fuel vehicles from the company, the Vision has been available with propane/LPG fuel systems since 2009.  In 2016, the Vision will become the first gasoline-fueled school bus in the United States since the discontinuation of its CV200 predecessor in 2003.

text: First introduced in 2003, the Vision underwent a major redesign for 2008 model year and an exterior update for the 2015 model year.  Coinciding with other alternative-fuel vehicles from the company, the Vision has been available with

text: propane/LPG fuel systems

text: since 2009.  In 2016, the Vision will become the first gasoline-fueled school bus in the United States since the discontinuation of its CV200 predecessor in 2003.

text: The opera concludes leaving the audience with a sense of loss for the complete vision that was never realised but also with an enormous sense of gratitude and wonderment that as much of that vision that has been completed has been.

text: An optical illusion is characterized by visually perceived images that are deceptive or misleading. Therefore, the information gathered by the eye is processed by the brain to give, on the face of it, a percept that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. A conventional assumption is that there are physiological illusions that occur naturally and cognitive illusions that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that say something more basic about how human perceptual systems work.The human brain constructs a world inside our head based on what it samples from the surrounding environment. However, sometimes it tries to organise this information it thinks best while other times it fills in the gaps. This way in which our brain works is the basis of an illusion.

text: An optical illusion is characterized by

text: visually perceived

text: images that are deceptive or misleading. Therefore, the information gathered by the eye is processed by the brain to give, on the face of it, a

text: percept

text: that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. A conventional assumption is that there are physiological illusions that occur naturally and cognitive illusions that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that say something more basic about how human perceptual systems work.The human brain constructs a world inside our head based on what it samples from the surrounding environment. However, sometimes it tries to organise this information it thinks best while other times it fills in the gaps. This way in which our brain works is the basis of an illusion.

text: An extension to the line was the "Talking Cabbage Patch Kid" introduced by Coleco, equipped with a voice chip, touch sensors, a microphone, short range 49 MHz AM transmitter and receiver for communicating with other such dolls. Touch sensors in the hands enabled the toy to detect when and how it was being played with in response to its vocalizations. For example, the doll might say "hold my hand" and give an appropriate speech response when the touch sensor in either hand detected pressure. It also had a movement detector to show the positioning of the doll and whether it was sensed to be on its belly, back, or even upside down. A special plastic 'drinking' cup containing a hidden magnet, which could be identified with the aid a small reed relay in the built into the head of the toy above the mouth, to signify when it should be seen to be 'drinking'. A more remarkable effect occurred when one doll detected the presence of another through its 49 MHz AM transmitter/receiver. The dolls were programmed to signal their "awareness" of each other with a short phrase, e.g. "I think there's someone else to play with here!", and then to initiate simple conversations between the dolls themselves with enough randomness to sound somewhat natural. The joint synchronised singing of 'rounds' being particularly impressive. The inclusion of the microphone was to delay the search and communication with another of its type when the ambient noise was above a certain level.

text: The distinction between "substance" and "accidents" - the latter term is not used in the Catholic Church's official definition of the doctrine but has been used in the writings of theologians - arose from Aristotelian philosophy, but in Roman Catholic eucharistic theology is independent of that philosophy, since the distinction is a real one, as shown by the distinction between a person and that person's accidental appearances. "Substance" here means what something is in itself, its essence. A hat's shape is not the hat itself, nor is its colour, size, softness to the touch, nor anything else about it perceptible to the senses. The hat itself (the "substance") has the shape, the color, the size, the softness and the other appearances, but is distinct from them. While the appearances, which are also referred to, though not in the Church's official teaching, by the philosophical term 'accidents', are perceptible to the senses, the substance is not.

text: The distinction between "substance" and "accidents" - the latter term is not used in the Catholic Church's official definition of the doctrine but has been used in the writings of theologians - arose from Aristotelian philosophy, but in Roman Catholic eucharistic theology is independent of that philosophy, since the distinction is a real one, as shown by the distinction between a person and that person's accidental appearances. "Substance" here means what something is in itself, its

text: essence

text: . A hat's shape is not the hat itself, nor is its colour, size, softness to the touch, nor anything else about it perceptible to the senses. The hat itself (the "substance") has the shape, the color, the size, the softness and the other appearances, but is distinct from them. While the appearances, which are also referred to, though not in the Church's

text: official teaching

text: , by the philosophical term '

text: accidents

text: ', are perceptible to the senses, the substance is not.

text: The most common general symptom of having the spins is described by its name: the feeling that one has the uncontrollable sense of spinning, although he or she is not in motion, which is one of the main reasons an intoxicated person may vomit. The person has this feeling due to impairments in vision and equilibrioception. Diplopia (double vision) or polyplopia are common, as well as the symptoms of motion sickness and vertigo.

text: The most common general symptom of having the spins is described by its name: the feeling that one has the uncontrollable sense of spinning, although he or she is not in motion, which is one of the main reasons an

text: intoxicated

text: person may vomit. The person has this feeling due to impairments in vision and

text: equilibrioception

text: Diplopia

text: (double vision) or polyplopia are common, as well as the symptoms of

text: motion sickness

text: and

text: vertigo

text: After a break in his career, Hughes re-emerged as a teen in the science-fiction series Roswell. He played a lovable villain who was part of a renegade group of aliens. As a musician, Hughes released two albums in 1995, at the age of nine. One is self-titled and the other is called Halloween Haunts. He wrote songs for both albums. They were recorded and released by his own company, Little Chief Inc. In 2013, Hughes directed the segment "See" in the horror anthology film Chilling Visions: 5 Senses of Fear.

text: After a break in his career, Hughes re-emerged as a teen in the science-fiction series

text: Roswell

text: . He played a lovable villain who was part of a renegade group of aliens. As a musician, Hughes released two albums in 1995, at the age of nine. One is self-titled and the other is called Halloween Haunts. He wrote songs for both albums. They were recorded and released by his own company, Little Chief Inc. In 2013, Hughes directed the segment "See" in the horror anthology film

text: Chilling Visions: 5 Senses of Fear

text: There are a variety of methods used to detect prey. Sensory systems used include the visual system, olfactory system (smell), auditory system (hearing) and the somatosensory system (such as touch). Some predators may use all of these senses in pinpointing their prey, while others may depend mainly or entirely on a single one. Detection methods may also be divided into direct detection of the prey organism itself, and indirect clues, such as the smell of its urine.

text: There are a variety of methods used to detect prey. Sensory systems used include the

text: visual system

text: olfactory system

text: (smell),

text: auditory system

text: (hearing) and the

text: somatosensory system

text: (such as touch). Some predators may use all of these senses in pinpointing their prey, while others may depend mainly or entirely on a single one. Detection methods may also be divided into direct detection of the prey organism itself, and indirect clues, such as the smell of its urine.

text: Fred Stein's photographs work through a combination of emotion and balance. He creates a balance and a tension from both gesture and expression, and also from a poetic mix of cultural approaches: a German sense of formal, elegant composition, lightened by a French, informal freedom. So the photographs rest on a fulcrum of complicated dimensions. Stein's images in Paris achieve a clarity, simplicity, and beauty in the design. As he matures, and moves to New York, the images become more dynamic and complex. But you always have a feeling that he took a great joy in the life and the images he found, and that he was amused and delighted by people in all their aspects and foibles.

text: In the present day, one man had started to experience dreams and visions of the past. He attempted to take medicine to stop it, thinking that this was a medical problem, but the medicine was ineffective; something larger was at play here. The man decided to find a shaman to find out what the problem was, what these dreams and visions meant, and to cure him of them. However, the shaman told the man of the ancient stories of a battle 30,000 years ago between a great hero and the two Sisters of Chaos - one who controls Light from the Sun, and one who controls Darkness from the Moon. The Sisters were imprisoned after the battle, but the hero had perished in the process. The shaman informed the man that he was the hero's reincarnation, and that the Sisters of Chaos have apparently escaped their imprisonment. This man was now the only one who could stop them, and so he went forth on the journey.

text: In the present day, one man had started to experience dreams and visions of the past. He attempted to take medicine to stop it, thinking that this was a medical problem, but the medicine was ineffective; something larger was at play here. The man decided to find a

text: shaman

text: to find out what the problem was, what these dreams and visions meant, and to cure him of them. However, the shaman told the man of the ancient stories of a battle 30,000 years ago between a great hero and the two Sisters of

text: Chaos

text: - one who controls Light from the Sun, and one who controls Darkness from the Moon. The Sisters were imprisoned after the battle, but the hero had perished in the process. The shaman informed the man that he was the hero's

text: reincarnation

text: , and that the Sisters of Chaos have apparently escaped their imprisonment. This man was now the only one who could stop them, and so he went forth on the journey.

text: To justify this technique, the remaining terms must be shown to be small in some sense.  This can be done using energy estimates, and an assumption of rapidly oscillating initial conditions.  It also must be shown that the series converges in some sense.

text: The "World in the Head" section looks at the senses, the brain and the idea of consciousness. A Gertrude Stein quote and small animatronic display illustrates the senses that humans do not have. A mirrored room metaphorically takes the visitor into an infinity and asks if vision requires an infinite amount of brain activity.

text: The "World in the Head" section looks at the senses, the brain and the idea of consciousness. A

text: Gertrude Stein

text: quote and small animatronic display illustrates the senses that humans do not have. A mirrored room metaphorically takes the visitor into an infinity and asks if vision requires an infinite amount of brain activity.

text: All living organisms on Earth have the ability to sense and respond to changes in their internal and external environment. Organisms, including humans, must accurately sense before they can react, thus ensuring survival. The body senses the environment by specialized sensory organs. The CNS utilizes these sensations in order to coordinate and organize muscle activities, shift from uncomfortable positions, and adjust balance properly. In common speech, five different senses are usually recognized: vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. All these senses are somewhat affected by weightlessness.

text: All living organisms on Earth have the ability to sense and respond to changes in their internal and external environment. Organisms, including humans, must accurately sense before they can react, thus ensuring

entity_name: Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature

text: survival

text: . The body senses the environment by specialized sensory organs. The CNS utilizes these sensations in order to coordinate and organize muscle activities, shift from uncomfortable positions, and adjust

text: balance

text: properly. In common speech, five different

text: senses

text: are usually recognized:

text: vision

text: hearing

text: smell

text: taste

text: , and

text: touch

text: . All these senses are somewhat affected by weightlessness.

text: The following table shows a classification of pointing devices by their number of dimensions (columns) and which property is sensed (rows) introduced by Bill Buxton. The sub-rows distinguish between mechanical intermediary (i.e. stylus) (M) and touch-sensitive (T). It is rooted in the human motor/sensory system. Continuous manual input devices are categorized. Sub-columns distinguish devices that use comparable motor control for their operation. The table is based on the original graphic of Bill Buxton's work on "Taxonomies of Input".

text: The following table shows a classification of pointing devices by their number of dimensions (columns) and which property is sensed (rows) introduced by

text: Bill Buxton

text: . The sub-rows distinguish between mechanical intermediary (i.e. stylus) (M) and

text: touch-sensitive

text: (T). It is rooted in the human

text: motor/sensory system

text: . Continuous manual input devices are categorized. Sub-columns distinguish devices that use comparable motor control for their operation. The table is based on the original graphic of Bill Buxton's work on "Taxonomies of Input".

text: Thus there are many references which filter through into Shakespeare's plays and sonnets derived from this body of thought; particularly in the description of important characters, and to the power of music above all to 'charm the savage breast', adjust the elements, and restore the equilibrium and balance, the 'harmony' of the soul: his characters call for music and are spellbound or restored by it, and in elevated mood, may hear it in the air, or sense its immortal harmonies everywhere.

text: Buzz Dixon - Originally a StormWatch reservist, the creature known as Buzz Dixon was later recruited by Colonel Benito Santini as his chief scout and gatherer of difficult-to-get information on the Achilles team. Dixon handles nearly all of the team's recon work as Team Achilles' scouting specialist and primary intel-gatherer. He is often the first on the field, as he reconnoiters mission targets and locations pre-insertion. Buzz Dixon is a quadrupedal being possessing compound eyes, large, fan-shaped ears, and chameleon-like skin that allows him to become nearly invisible. Due to his unique optical, olfactory, and auditory physiology, Dixon possesses super-human senses. He also has a "sixth sense" in the form of low-grade telepathy (He can mentally "speak" in others' heads and receive thoughts, but generally only if they are nearby.). Further, Buzz Dixon can cling to walls with the sucker-like pads on the bottoms of his feet, and he possesses a prehensile tail. Despite his completely inhuman appearance, Dixon's personality suggests that he is human, or at least possesses a psyche very much like human beings. He is loud-mouthed, boisterous, swears quite a bit (he is partial to "fuck"), uses current slang, and has the sort of stereotypical mannerisms of a cowboy-type or jarhead-type character. Due to his personality and human name, it can be argued that Buzz Dixon is a super-powered meta-human who was once human, but whose powers are manifest through a strange physiology that also stripped him altogether of his human appearance. However, he shows no distress over his esoteric physiology. Dixon had very little "screen time" in the StormWatch: Team Achilles series, and his origins can only be conjectured.

text: Buzz Dixon - Originally a StormWatch reservist, the creature known as Buzz Dixon was later recruited by Colonel Benito Santini as his chief scout and gatherer of difficult-to-get information on the Achilles team. Dixon handles nearly all of the team's recon work as Team Achilles' scouting specialist and primary intel-gatherer. He is often the first on the field, as he reconnoiters mission targets and locations pre-insertion. Buzz Dixon is a

text: quadrupedal

text: being possessing

text: compound eyes

text: , large, fan-shaped ears, and

text: chameleon

text: -like skin that allows him to become nearly invisible. Due to his unique optical, olfactory, and auditory physiology, Dixon possesses super-human senses. He also has a "sixth sense" in the form of low-grade

text: telepathy

text: (He can mentally "speak" in others' heads and receive thoughts, but generally only if they are nearby.). Further, Buzz Dixon can cling to walls with the sucker-like pads on the bottoms of his feet, and he possesses a

text: prehensile

text: tail. Despite his completely inhuman appearance, Dixon's personality suggests that he is human, or at least possesses a psyche very much like human beings. He is loud-mouthed, boisterous, swears quite a bit (he is partial to "

text: fuck

text: "), uses current slang, and has the sort of stereotypical mannerisms of a cowboy-type or

text: jarhead

text: -type character. Due to his personality and human name, it can be argued that Buzz Dixon is a super-powered meta-human who was once human, but whose powers are manifest through a strange physiology that also stripped him altogether of his human appearance. However, he shows no distress over his esoteric physiology. Dixon had very little "screen time" in the StormWatch: Team Achilles series, and his origins can only be conjectured.

text: Olfaction, also known as olfactics, is the sense of smell. This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells of the nasal cavity of vertebrates, which can be considered analogous to sensory cells of the antennae of invertebrates. In humans, olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to specific sites on the olfactory receptors. These receptors are used to detect the presence of smell. They come together at the glomerulus, a structure which transmits signals to the olfactory bulb (a brain structure directly above the nasal cavity and below the frontal lobe).  Many vertebrates, including most mammals and reptiles, have two distinct olfactory systems—the main olfactory system, and the accessory olfactory system (used mainly to detect pheromones).  For air-breathing animals, the main olfactory system detects volatile chemicals, and the accessory olfactory system detects fluid-phase chemicals. Olfaction, along with taste, is a form of chemoreception. The chemicals themselves that activate the olfactory system, in general at very low concentrations, are called odorants. Although taste and smell are separate sensory systems in land animals, water-dwelling organisms often have one chemical sense.

text: Olfaction, also known as olfactics, is the

text: sense

text: of smell. This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells of the nasal cavity of vertebrates, which can be considered analogous to sensory cells of the antennae of invertebrates. In humans, olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to specific sites on the

text: olfactory receptor

text: s. These receptors are used to detect the presence of smell. They come together at the

text: glomerulus

text: , a structure which transmits signals to the olfactory bulb (a brain structure directly above the nasal cavity and below the frontal lobe).  Many vertebrates, including most mammals and reptiles, have two distinct olfactory systems—the main olfactory system, and the accessory olfactory system (used mainly to detect pheromones).  For air-breathing animals, the main olfactory system detects volatile chemicals, and the accessory olfactory system detects fluid-phase chemicals. Olfaction, along with

text: taste

text: , is a form of

text: chemoreception

text: . The chemicals themselves that activate the olfactory system, in general at very low concentrations, are called

text: odorant

text: s. Although taste and smell are separate sensory systems in land animals, water-dwelling organisms often have one chemical sense.

text: Oliver then spent the next three years living and working in London. He currently works for asset managers M&G in London in a corporate governance position for M&G’s global equities team.During this time he also went to the University of Cambridge where he read for an Executive MBA and is a member of Pembroke College. Oliver’s dissertation focused on leadership in business, specifically sense making and sense giving: how leaders make sense of an uncertain, chaotic economic environment and then how leaders communicate and ‘make sense’ of this information to different stake holders.

text: Remote sensing data are processed and analyzed with computer software, known as a remote sensing application. A large number of proprietary and open source applications exist to process remote sensing data. Remote sensing software packages include:

text: Remote sensing data are processed and analyzed with computer software, known as a

text: remote sensing application

text: . A large number of proprietary and open source applications exist to process remote sensing data. Remote sensing software packages include:

text: Instead of vision, the animal is thought to use olfaction (smell) as the primary sense for foraging and for locating/ identifying potential mates.

text: Instead of vision, the animal is thought to use

text: olfaction

text: (smell) as the primary sense for

text: foraging

text: and for locating/ identifying potential mates.

text: Situations where the top of the tree being measured is above eye level and the base of the tree being measured is below eye level is the most common situation encountered in the field. The other two cases are those where both the top of the tree and the base of the tree are above eye level, and where both the top of the tree and base of the tree are located below eye level. In the first situation, if D1 is the distance to the top of the tree as measured with a laser rangefinder, and (a) is the angle to the top of the tree measured with a clinometer, then this forms the hypotenuse of a right triangle with the base of the triangle at eye level.  The height of the tree above eye level is [h1 = sin(a) x D1]. The same process is used to measure the height or extension of the base of the tree above or below eye level where D1 is the distance to the base of the tree and (b) is the angle to the base of the tree. Therefore, the vertical distance to the base of the tree above or below eye level is [h2 = sin(b) x D2]. Common sense should prevail when adding h1 and h2.  If the base of the tree is below eye level the distance it extends below eye level is added to the height of the tree above eye level to calculate the total height of the tree. If the base of the tree is above level then this height is subtracted from the height to the top of the tree.  Mathematically since the sine of a negative angle is negative, we always get the following formula:

text: A related term, hyposmia, refers to a decreased ability to smell, while hyperosmia refers to an increased ability to smell. Some people may be anosmic for one particular odor. This is known as "specific anosmia". The absence of the sense of smell from birth is called congenital anosmia.

text: A related term,

text: hyposmia

text: , refers to a decreased ability to smell, while

text: hyperosmia

text: refers to an increased ability to smell. Some people may be anosmic for one particular odor. This is known as "specific anosmia". The absence of the sense of smell from birth is called congenital anosmia.

text: Authenticity in art is the different ways in which a work of art or an artistic performance may be considered authentic.Denis Dutton distinguishes between nominal authenticity and expressive authenticity.The first refers to the correct identification of the author of a work of art, to how closely a performance of a play or piece of music conforms to the author's intention, or to how closely a work of art conforms to an artistic tradition.The second sense refers to how much the work possesses original or inherent authority, how much sincerity, genuineness of expression, and moral passion the artist or performer puts into the work.

text: Authenticity in art is the different ways in which a

text: work of art

text: or an artistic performance may be considered authentic.

text: Denis Dutton

text: distinguishes between nominal authenticity and expressive authenticity.The first refers to the correct identification of the author of a work of art, to how closely a performance of a play or piece of music conforms to the author's intention, or to how closely a work of art conforms to an artistic tradition.The second sense refers to how much the work possesses original or inherent authority, how much sincerity, genuineness of expression, and moral passion the artist or performer puts into the work.

text: Ageusia ( ) is the loss of taste functions of the tongue, particularly the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami (meaning "pleasant/savory taste"). It is sometimes confused with anosmia – a loss of the sense of smell. Because the tongue can only indicate texture and differentiate between sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami, most of what is perceived as the sense of taste is actually derived from smell. True ageusia is relatively rare compared to hypogeusia – a partial loss of taste – and dysgeusia – a distortion or alteration of taste.

text: Ageusia ( ) is the loss of

text: taste

text: functions of the

text: tongue

text: , particularly the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and

text: umami

text: (meaning "pleasant/savory taste"). It is sometimes confused with

text: anosmia

text: – a loss of the

text: sense

text: of

text: smell

text: . Because the tongue can only indicate texture and differentiate between sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami, most of what is perceived as the sense of taste is actually derived from smell. True ageusia is relatively rare compared to

text: hypogeusia

text: – a partial loss of taste – and

text: dysgeusia

text: – a distortion or alteration of taste.

text: Sensation in this context refers to the conscious perception of touch-position and pain-temperature information, rather than the special senses (smell, sight, taste, hearing and balance) processed by different cranial nerves and sent to the cerebral cortex through different pathways. The perception of magnetic fields, electrical fields, low-frequency vibrations and infrared radiation by some nonhuman vertebrates is processed by their equivalent of the fifth cranial nerve.

text: Sensation in this context refers to the conscious perception of touch-position and pain-temperature information, rather than the

text: special senses

text: (smell, sight, taste, hearing and balance) processed by different cranial nerves and sent to the cerebral cortex through different pathways. The perception of magnetic fields, electrical fields, low-frequency vibrations and infrared radiation by some nonhuman vertebrates is processed by their equivalent of the fifth cranial nerve.

text: The mirror test has attracted controversy among some researchers because it is entirely focused on vision, the primary sense in humans, while other species rely more heavily on other senses such as the olfactory sense in dogs. A study in 2015 showed that the “sniff test of self-recognition (STSR)” provides evidence of self-awareness in dogs.

text: The mirror test has attracted controversy among some researchers because it is entirely focused on vision, the primary sense in humans, while other species rely more heavily on other senses such as the

text: olfactory

text: sense in dogs. A study in 2015 showed that the

text: sniff test of self-recognition (STSR)

text: ” provides evidence of

text: self-awareness

text: in dogs.

text: 1. During waking all senses hearing, touch, vision, taste, smell, and mind merely function as the transmitter of the object world.

text: "...Establish a world historical transcription of home through the art of youth. Working through Habitat for Humanity's global volunteer and affiliate networks and PapaInk's worldwide volunteer base and network of non-profit organizations...involving young people from the widest possible range of communities and cultures...to take part by creating a piece of art that captures their sense of home—lived, wished or imagined.  Through the act of expressing a vision of home, young people give their vision a material force. Brought together in a serious archival setting, young people's articulations form a blueprint for building a shared sense of home grounded in the particulars of individual and community needs and warmed by the universals of comfort and care.   The On the Map: Building a Sense of Home art collection will stand as a dramatic living document that creatively re-maps the familiar terrain of home. It will make young people's expressions a vital part of cultural experience and social engagement. And the positive action the project aims to inspire will expand and deepen the sense of home children and youth carry into the future" (PapaInk Press Release)

text: The necessary electric current for the myomers is provided by a fusion reactor mounted in the torso. This artificial skeleton and musculature, combined with a powerful gyroscope provide stability for the BattleMech. The entire system is controlled by a pilot wearing a neurohelmet that effectively links the 'Mech's central computer to the pilot's sense of balance and nervous system. The neurohelmet also gives feedback by providing a kinesthetic sense of the mech's position for better judgement of balance. The movement of a 'Mech is controlled by a combination throttle, joysticks, and dual pedal system.

text: The necessary electric current for the myomers is provided by a fusion reactor mounted in the torso. This artificial skeleton and musculature, combined with a powerful

text: gyroscope

text: provide stability for the BattleMech. The entire system is controlled by a pilot wearing a

text: neurohelmet

text: that effectively links the 'Mech's central computer to the pilot's sense of balance and

text: nervous system

text: . The neurohelmet also gives feedback by providing a kinesthetic sense of the mech's position for better judgement of balance. The movement of a 'Mech is controlled by a combination throttle,

text: joysticks

text: , and dual pedal system.

text: The McGurk effect was greatly reduced when attention was diverted to a tactile task (touching something). Touch is a sensory perception like vision and audition, therefore increasing attention to touch decreases the attention to auditory and visual senses.

text: The McGurk effect was greatly reduced when attention was diverted to a

text: tactile

text: task (touching something). Touch is a sensory perception like vision and audition, therefore increasing attention to touch decreases the attention to auditory and visual senses.

text: By combining simple geometric shapes, De Kooning has created a powerfully dramatic composition. He used geometric shapes, such as triangle, square, and circle, to build the female figure. The erased head has two circle eyes. The body has irregular shape of arms and chest, and both arms are broke into two parts. This figure does not have hands or feet. There is only three fourths of the body, and the painting stops at the knee. Even the background was made by geometric shapes: a triangle shape near the right side of her head, and a rectangle near her left body. These shapes generate a tension of opposition and harmony and produce a unique sense of balance. It is not a symmetrical composition, but either side looks quite balanced. This is because the main figure is on the vertical axis, and the horizontal axis goes through her abdomen. It is a two-dimensional painting, for there is no illusion of depth and the canvas is all surface. Each part of the composition conveys a sense of unity. The emphasis of motif, which is woman, was achieved through the position and large scale.

text: Sounds used by animals that fall within the scope of bioacoustics include a wide range of frequencies and media, and are often not "sound" in the narrow sense of the word (i.e. compression waves that propagate through air and are detectable by the human ear). Katydid crickets, for example, communicate by sounds with frequencies higher than 100 kHz, far into the ultrasound range. Lower, but still in ultrasound, are sounds used by bats for echolocation. On the other side of the frequency spectrum are low frequency-vibrations, often not detected by hearing organs, but with other, less specialized sense organs. The examples include ground vibrations produced by elephants whose principal frequency component is around 15 Hz, and low- to medium-frequency substrate-borne vibrations used by most insect orders. Many animal sounds, however, do fall within the frequency range detectable by a human ear, between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Mechanisms for sound production and detection are just as diverse as the signals themselves.

text: Sounds used by animals that fall within the scope of bioacoustics include a wide range of frequencies and media, and are often not "sound" in the narrow sense of the word (i.e.

text: compression wave

text: s that propagate through

text: air

text: and are detectable by the human

text: ear

text: Katydid cricket

text: s, for example, communicate by sounds with frequencies higher than 100

text: kHz

text: , far into the ultrasound range. Lower, but still in ultrasound, are sounds used by

text: bat

text: s for

text: echolocation

text: . On the other side of the frequency spectrum are low frequency-vibrations, often not detected by

text: hearing

text: organs, but with other, less specialized sense organs. The examples include

text: ground vibrations

text: produced by

text: elephants

text: whose principal frequency component is around 15 Hz, and low- to medium-frequency substrate-borne vibrations used by most

text: insect

text: orders

text: . Many animal sounds, however, do fall within the frequency range detectable by a human ear, between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Mechanisms for sound production and detection are just as diverse as the signals themselves.

text: This chapter is called vision; it is the 10th brain rule. In this chapter John Medina discusses human vision and how it outplays all the other senses. Vision is the most dominant of all the senses, yet it is not 100 percent accurate. Our view of the world is not what the brain tells us, rather it is an estimate. Using previous knowledge and the surrounding view, our brain fills in the gaps in our vision. These gaps or black holes are caused by “a region in the eye where retina neurons, carrying visual information, gather to begin their journey into deep brain tissue” (228). This place is called the optic disc and in this region there are no cells that can recognize sight, thus it is blind here. The brain is so powerful that it can fill in these gaps instantly. The brain has to work very hard in order for us to see, this causes it to use up a lot of its thinking resources. Vision is the most important tool for learning. Visual input of pictures is more likely to be remembered and recalled than visual input of texts; this notion is called the pictorial superiority effect, or PSE. Our early surroundings were of trees and saber-toothed tigers, the threat of danger and the survival of our lives. We had to identify food, shelter, and our predators. This is why our vision is the most important of our senses. It is more work for our brains to remember texts because the brain sees words as many tiny pictures. Texts are a lot like pictures and it takes our brains longer to make sense of them. Even when we read something, we try to visualize what we are reading. The visual and smell senses are battling it out to see which one will dominate, and so far the visual sense is winning. Many of our other senses have been harmed by our vision because what we see alters what is real.

text: Touch can reassure and indicate understanding. Humans touch one another in sexual intimacy, affiliation and understanding; in greetings and farewells; as an act of aggression, and to demonstrate dominance. According to Argyle (1996), there "appear to be definite rules which permit certain kinds of touch, between certain people, on certain occasions only. Bodily contact outside these narrow limits is unacceptable".

text: While it is often said that "taste is subjective", there are quantifiable taste characteristics (like bitter, sweet, salty or sour) that can be perceived and measured as low, moderate or high—such as measuring the sweetness of honey or the saltiness of oysters. Flavors, such as butterscotch, char and strawberry, are more personal and can't be quantifiable. Flavors are either perceived to be present or not. The perception of flavors is linked to our sense of smell, while tastes come from the sensory glands of the taste buds. Though individual sensitivity to the different taste "senses" can vary, wine experts will often recommend pairings based on these more objective measurements rather than the more subjective concept of "flavors". In wine there are three basic tastes-bitter, sweet and sour. These three tastes can each be identified with a primary component of the wine-tannins (bitter), residual sugar (sweet) and acidity (sour). A fourth component, alcohol, is identified in wine tasting with a perception of "heat" or hotness in the back of the mouth and is the primary factor influencing the body of the wine. The residual heat of the alcohol can be considered in food pairing with some ingredients minimizing the heat of the wine while some will accentuate it.

text: While it is often said that "taste is subjective", there are quantifiable taste characteristics (like

text: bitter

text: sweet

text: salty

text: or

text: sour

text: ) that can be perceived and measured as low, moderate or high—such as measuring the sweetness of honey or the saltiness of oysters. Flavors, such as butterscotch, char and strawberry, are more personal and can't be quantifiable. Flavors are either perceived to be present or not. The perception of flavors is linked to our sense of smell, while tastes come from the sensory glands of the

text: taste bud

text: s. Though individual sensitivity to the different taste "senses" can vary, wine experts will often recommend pairings based on these more objective measurements rather than the more subjective concept of "flavors". In wine there are three basic tastes-bitter, sweet and sour. These three tastes can each be identified with a primary component of the wine-tannins (bitter),

text: residual sugar

text: (sweet) and acidity (sour). A fourth component, alcohol, is identified in wine tasting with a perception of "heat" or hotness in the back of the mouth and is the primary factor influencing the body of the wine. The residual heat of the alcohol can be considered in food pairing with some ingredients minimizing the heat of the wine while some will accentuate it.

text: Haraway's argument stems from the limitations of the human perception, as well as the overemphasis of the sense of vision in science. According to Haraway, vision in science has been, "used to signify a leap out of the marked body and into a conquering gaze from nowhere." This is the "gaze that mythically inscribes all the marked bodies, that makes the unmarked category claim the power to see and not be seen, to represent while escaping representation." This causes a limitation of views in the position of science itself as a potential player in the creation of knowledge, resulting in a position of "modest witness". This is what Haraway terms a "god trick", or the aforementioned representation while escaping representation. In order to avoid this, "Haraway perpetuates a tradition of thought which emphasizes the importance of the subject in terms of both ethical and political accountability".

text: Haraway's argument stems from the limitations of the human

text: perception

text: , as well as the overemphasis of the

text: sense of vision

text: in

text: science

text: . According to Haraway,

text: vision

text: in

text: science

text: has been, "used to signify a leap out of the marked body and into a conquering gaze from nowhere." This is the "gaze that mythically inscribes all the marked bodies, that makes the unmarked category claim the power to see and not be seen, to represent while escaping representation." This causes a limitation of views in the position of

text: science

text: itself as a potential player in the creation of knowledge, resulting in a position of "modest witness". This is what Haraway terms a "god trick", or the aforementioned representation while escaping representation. In order to avoid this, "Haraway perpetuates a tradition of thought which emphasizes the importance of the

text: subject

text: in terms of both ethical and political accountability".

text: In Orator, Cicero also addressed the accusation lodged by his fellow senators, including Brutus, that he was an “Atticist.” Cicero addresses this claim by saying that he is too independent and bold to be associated with Atticism, producing his own unique style. Cicero claims the perfect orator creates his own “elocutio,” or diction and style, rather than following this movement.	Cicero states that all five canons are equally important. Throughout the text, Cicero advises his Roman audience on how to form proper oratory by formal guidelines but also how to specialize in individually in their own sense of oratory. Orator is written with ideas ranging from the construction of arguments to rhetorical performance. In relation to other Ciceronian works on rhetoric, Orator receives less treatment with scarce research compared to other rhetorical works.

text: In Orator, Cicero also addressed the accusation lodged by his fellow senators, including

text: Brutus

text: , that he was an “

text: Atticist

text: .” Cicero addresses this claim by saying that he is too independent and bold to be associated with

text: Atticism

text: , producing his own unique style. Cicero claims the perfect orator creates his own “

text: elocutio

text: ,” or diction and style, rather than following this movement.	Cicero states that all five canons are equally important. Throughout the text, Cicero advises his Roman audience on how to form proper oratory by formal guidelines but also how to specialize in individually in their own sense of oratory. Orator is written with ideas ranging from the construction of arguments to rhetorical performance. In relation to other Ciceronian works on rhetoric, Orator receives less treatment with scarce research compared to other rhetorical works.

text: The Gemara taught that the words "eye for eye" in  meant pecuniary compensation. Rabbi Simon ben Yohai asked those who would take the words literally how they would enforce equal justice where a blind man put out the eye of another man, or an amputee cut off the hand of another, or where a lame person broke the leg of another. The school of Rabbi Ishmael cited the words "so shall it be given to him" in  and deduced that the word "give" could apply only to pecuniary compensation. The school of Rabbi Hiyya cited the words "hand for hand" in the parallel discussion in  to mean that an article was given from hand to hand, namely money. Abaye reported that a sage of the school of Hezekiah taught that  said "eye for eye" and "life for life," but not "life and eye for eye," and it could sometimes happen that eye and life would be taken for an eye, as when the offender died while being blinded. Rav Papa said in the name of Rava that  referred explicitly to healing, and the verse would not make sense if one assumed that retaliation was meant. And Rav Ashi taught that the principle of pecuniary compensation could be derived from the analogous use of the term "for" in  in the expression "eye for eye" and in  in the expression "he shall surely pay ox for ox." As the latter case plainly indicated pecuniary compensation, so must the former.

text: The Gemara taught that the words "eye for eye" in  meant pecuniary compensation. Rabbi

text: Simon ben Yohai

text: asked those who would take the words literally how they would enforce equal justice where a blind man put out the eye of another man, or an amputee cut off the hand of another, or where a lame person broke the leg of another. The school of Rabbi Ishmael cited the words "so shall it be given to him" in  and deduced that the word "give" could apply only to pecuniary compensation. The school of Rabbi Hiyya cited the words "hand for hand" in the parallel discussion in  to mean that an article was given from hand to hand, namely money. Abaye reported that a sage of the school of Hezekiah taught that  said "eye for eye" and "life for life," but not "life and eye for eye," and it could sometimes happen that eye and life would be taken for an eye, as when the offender died while being blinded.

text: Rav Papa

text: said in the name of

text: Rava

text: that  referred explicitly to healing, and the verse would not make sense if one assumed that retaliation was meant. And

text: Rav Ashi

text: taught that the principle of pecuniary compensation could be derived from the analogous use of the term "for" in  in the expression "eye for eye" and in  in the expression "he shall surely pay ox for ox." As the latter case plainly indicated pecuniary compensation, so must the former.

text: The horses' senses are based on their status as prey animals, where they must be aware of their surroundings at all times. They have the largest eyes of any land mammal, and are lateral-eyed, meaning that their eyes are positioned on the sides of their heads. This means that horses have a range of vision of more than 350°, with approximately 65° of this being binocular vision and the remaining 285° monocular vision. Horses have excellent day and night vision, but they have two-color, or dichromatic vision; their color vision is somewhat like red-green color blindness in humans, where certain colors, especially red and related colors, appear as a shade of green.

text: The horses' senses are based on their status as

text: prey animals

text: , where they must be aware of their surroundings at all times. They have the largest eyes of any land mammal, and are lateral-eyed, meaning that their eyes are positioned on the sides of their heads. This means that horses have a range of vision of more than 350°, with approximately 65° of this being

text: binocular vision

text: and the remaining 285°

text: monocular vision

text: . Horses have excellent day and

text: night vision

text: , but they have two-color, or

text: dichromatic vision

text: ; their

text: color vision

text: is somewhat like

text: red-green color blindness

text: in humans, where certain colors, especially red and related colors, appear as a shade of green.

text: Plato makes the claim that "sight and the visible realm are deficient." He argues that for the other senses to be used all that is needed is the sense itself and that which can be sensed by it (e.g., to taste sweetness, one needs the sense of taste and that which can be tasted as sweet), but "even if a person's eyes are capable of sight, and he's trying to use it, and what he's trying to look at is coloured, the sight will see nothing and the colours will remain unseen, surely, unless there is also present an extra third thing which is made specifically for this purpose." The third thing Plato is talking about is light. Through this analogy he equates that which gives us natural light, the sun, as the source of goodness in this world.

text: The legend in section 1.2 of Chandogya Upanishad states that gods took the Udgitha (song of Om) unto themselves, thinking, "with this [song] we shall overcome the demons". The gods revered the Udgitha as sense of smell, but the demons cursed it and ever since one smells both good-smelling and bad-smelling, because it is afflicted with good and evil. The gods thereafter revered the Udgitha as speech, but the demons afflicted it and ever since one speaks both truth and untruth, because speech has been struck with good and evil. The gods next revered the Udgitha as sense of sight (eye), but the demons struck it and ever since one sees both what is harmonious, sightly and what is chaotic, unsightly, because sight is afflicted with good and evil. The gods then revered the Udgitha as sense of hearing (ear), but the demons afflicted it and ever since one hears both what is worth hearing and what is not worth hearing, because hearing is afflicted with good and evil. The gods thereafter revered the Udgitha as Manas (mind), but the demons afflicted it and therefore one imagines both what is worth imagining and what is not worth imagining, because mind is afflicted with good and evil. Then the gods revered the Udgitha as Prāṇa (vital breath, breath in the mouth, life-principle), and the demons struck it but they fell into pieces. Life-principle is free from evil, it is inherently good. The deities inside man – the body organs and senses of man are great, but they all revere the life-principle because it is the essence and the lord of all of them. Om is the Udgitha, the symbol of life-principle in man.

text: The first proto-eyes evolved among animals  about the time of the Cambrian explosion. The last common ancestor of animals possessed the biochemical toolkit necessary for vision, and more advanced eyes have evolved in 96% of animal species in six of the ~35 main phyla. In most vertebrates and some molluscs, the eye works by allowing light to enter and project onto a light-sensitive panel of cells, known as the retina, at the rear of the eye. The cone cells (for colour) and the rod cells (for low-light contrasts) in the retina detect and convert light into neural signals for vision. The visual signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. Such eyes are typically roughly spherical, filled with a transparent gel-like substance called the vitreous humour, with a focusing lens and often an iris; the relaxing or tightening of the muscles around the iris change the size of the pupil, thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye, and reducing aberrations when there is enough light. The eyes of most cephalopods, fish, amphibians and snakes have fixed lens shapes, and focusing vision is achieved by telescoping the lens—similar to how a camera focuses.

text: The first proto-eyes evolved among animals  about the time of the

text: Cambrian explosion

text: . The last common ancestor of animals possessed the biochemical toolkit necessary for vision, and more advanced eyes have evolved in 96% of animal species in six of the ~35 main

text: phyla

text: . In most

text: vertebrate

text: s and some

text: mollusc

text: s, the eye works by allowing light to enter and project onto a light-sensitive panel of

text: cells

text: , known as the

text: retina

text: , at the rear of the eye. The

text: cone cell

text: s (for colour) and the

text: rod cell

text: s (for low-light contrasts) in the retina detect and convert light into neural signals for vision. The visual signals are then transmitted to the

text: brain

text: via the

text: optic nerve

text: . Such eyes are typically roughly spherical, filled with a

text: transparent

text: gel-like substance called the

text: vitreous humour

text: , with a focusing

text: lens

text: and often an

text: iris

text: ; the relaxing or tightening of the muscles around the iris change the size of the

text: pupil

text: , thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye, and reducing aberrations when there is enough light. The eyes of most

text: cephalopod

text: s,

text: fish

text: amphibian

text: s and

text: snake

text: s have fixed lens shapes, and focusing vision is achieved by telescoping the lens—similar to how a

text: camera

text: focuses.

text: On 4 July 1973, when Slade were popular in Europe and number one in the UK Singles Chart with "Skweeze Me Pleeze Me", Powell was badly injured in a serious car crash in Wolverhampton, in which his 20-year-old girlfriend/fiancee Angela Morris was killed. He broke both of his ankles and five of his ribs. Surgeons had to drill into his skull to ease the internal pressure and he was unconscious for six days but he came round and eventually pulled through, finding the best therapy to be work. By mid-August Powell was back recording with the group. When the Top 5 hit "My Friend Stan" was recorded, Powell was still walking with the aid of a stick and had to be lifted onto his drum-kit. The accident left Powell with no senses of taste and smell, and to this day he has severe problems with his short-term memory, whilst his long-term memory has remained unaffected.

text: On 4 July 1973, when Slade were popular in

text: Europe

text: and

text: number one

text: in the

text: UK Singles Chart

text: with "

text: Skweeze Me Pleeze Me

text: ", Powell was badly injured in a serious car crash in

text: Wolverhampton

text: , in which his 20-year-old girlfriend/fiancee Angela Morris was killed. He broke both of his

text: ankles

text: and five of his

text: ribs

text: . Surgeons had to drill into his skull to ease the internal pressure and he was unconscious for six days but he came round and eventually pulled through, finding the best therapy to be work. By mid-August Powell was back recording with the group. When the Top 5 hit "My Friend Stan" was recorded, Powell was still walking with the aid of a stick and had to be lifted onto his drum-kit. The accident left Powell with no senses of taste and smell, and to this day he has severe problems with his

text: short-term memory

text: , whilst his

text: long-term memory

text: has remained unaffected.

text: In response, the Government's counsel said that the guidance notes that accompanied the DVD of An Inconvenient Truth meant that the overall package was politically balanced. Teachers could present the film in any way they wished but could provide balance by explaining to pupils that some of Gore's views were political and asking them for their views. The Government offered to modify the guidance notes to meet specific scientific concerns. On the last day of the hearing, 2 October, the judge announced that he would be saying in his formal written judgment that the film did promote "partisan political views" and teachers would have to inform pupils that there were other opinions on global warming and they should not necessarily accept the views of the film. However, he stated that "I will be declaring that, with the guidance as now amended, it will not be unlawful for the film to be shown."

text: Third Eye Blind's first album, Third Eye Blind, was released in 1997. The album had five singles: "Semi-Charmed Life," "Graduate," "How's It Going to Be," "Losing a Whole Year," and "Jumper." "Semi-Charmed Life" peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, and was number 1 on the Modern Rock Tracks for 8 weeks. It also earned Third Eye Blind a Billboard Music Award for modern rock track of the year. The band performed "How's It Going to Be" on Saturday Night Live. To date, their eponymous debut has been the group's most successful album, reaching number 25 on the US Hot 100 and selling 6 million copies in the U.S. alone. Smash Mouth drummer Michael Urbano played drums on four songs on the album. During this period they also opened a number of shows on U2's PopMart Tour.

text: Third Eye Blind's first album,

text: Third Eye Blind

text: , was released in 1997. The album had five singles: "

text: Semi-Charmed Life

text: Graduate

text: How's It Going to Be

text: Losing a Whole Year

text: ," and "

text: Jumper

text: ." "Semi-Charmed Life" peaked at No. 4 on the

text: Billboard Hot 100

text: , and was number 1 on the

text: Modern Rock Tracks

text: for 8 weeks. It also earned Third Eye Blind a

text: Billboard Music Award

text: for modern rock track of the year. The band performed "How's It Going to Be" on

text: Saturday Night Live

text: . To date, their eponymous debut has been the group's most successful album, reaching number 25 on the US Hot 100 and selling 6 million copies in the U.S. alone.

text: Smash Mouth

text: drummer

text: Michael Urbano

text: played drums on four songs on the album. During this period they also opened a number of shows on

text: 's

text: PopMart Tour

text: Felids also have a highly developed sense of smell, although not to the degree seen in canids; this is further supplemented by the presence of a vomeronasal organ in the roof of the mouth, allowing the animal to "taste" the air. The use of this organ is associated with the Flehmen response, in which the upper lip is curled upwards. Most felids are unable to taste sweetness due to a mutated gene in their taste buds. Exceptions include members of the genera Leopardus and Otocolobus.

text: Felids also have a highly developed sense of smell, although not to the degree seen in

text: canids

text: ; this is further supplemented by the presence of a

text: vomeronasal organ

text: in the roof of the mouth, allowing the animal to "taste" the air. The use of this organ is associated with the

text: Flehmen response

text: , in which the upper lip is curled upwards. Most felids are unable to taste sweetness due to a mutated gene in their taste buds. Exceptions include members of the genera

text: Leopardus

text: and

text: Otocolobus

text: Critics assert that the term "scotopic sensitivity" is a misnomer given that the symptoms of "Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome" reportedly occur during photopic conditions. The term "Scotopic Sensitivity" seems dubious, given that scotopic vision is the vision of the eye under low light conditions and as such vision is provided by rod cells on the retina, which have little or any role in colour vision, it does not make sense that a coloured lens or coloured overlay would have any impact upon "Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome".

text: Critics assert that the term "scotopic sensitivity" is a misnomer given that the symptoms of "Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome" reportedly occur during photopic conditions. The term "Scotopic Sensitivity" seems dubious, given that

text: scotopic vision

text: is the vision of the eye under low light conditions and as such vision is provided by

text: rod cells

text: on the retina, which have little or any role in colour vision, it does not make sense that a coloured lens or coloured overlay would have any impact upon "Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome".

text: The page 99 test is a method of evalutating a work of fiction suggested by literary critic Ford Madox Ford.  Ford suggested that prospective readers open a book and read page 99 to gain a sense of how well written the work is while avoiding any back-cover synopsis or the first few pages, as these are typically given extra attention during editing and may not reflect the quality of the book as a whole.

text: The page 99 test is a method of evalutating a work of

text: fiction

text: suggested by literary critic

text: Ford Madox Ford

text: .  Ford suggested that prospective readers open a book and read page 99 to gain a sense of how well written the work is while avoiding any back-cover synopsis or the first few pages, as these are typically given extra attention during editing and may not reflect the quality of the book as a whole.

text: In Sonnet 141, Shakespeare discusses his desires for the woman that conflict with what his senses tell him. He is aware of all of her physical flaws, does not enjoy her voice, smell, or touch, but his heart is still completely enthralled by her. His focus on sense is overwhelming in the poem, but his senses cannot prevent him from loving her. The pain he endures for loving her is soothing, and he feels like he is a slave to it.

text: The tammar has 324° peripheral vision and 50° binocular vision. It can distinguish black/white gratings of different widths and in different light conditions better than most other small mammals, such as rabbits. It is nevertheless not as good as a cat or a human. Tammars appear to have some colour vision:  its eyes have only blue sensitive and green sensitive photoreceptor cones, allowing it to see colour in the blue-green band of the colour spectrum, but not the longer wavelengths of the red-yellow band. Nevertheless, in the band where it can see colour, it can differentiate between two monochromatic colours with wavelengths as close as  apart. The pinna (ear) of the tammar is mobile, allowing it to track sounds from different parts of its surroundings without moving its head. A tammar can point its pinna at a sound source and increase its eardrum's sound pressure by 25–30 dB at 5 kHz. When the pinna moves away from the sound source, the animal's hearing level quickly drops. When born, a tammar's sense of smell is already developed; this allows the newborn to find its mother's pouch by the scent.

text: The tammar has 324°

text: peripheral vision

text: and 50°

text: binocular vision

text: . It can distinguish black/white gratings of different widths and in different light conditions better than most other small mammals, such as rabbits. It is nevertheless not as good as a cat or a human. Tammars appear to have some

text: colour vision

text: :  its eyes have only blue sensitive and green sensitive

text: photoreceptor cones

text: , allowing it to see colour in the blue-green band of the

text: colour spectrum

text: , but not the longer wavelengths of the red-yellow band. Nevertheless, in the band where it can see colour, it can differentiate between two

text: monochromatic colour

text: s with wavelengths as close as  apart. The

text: pinna

text: (ear) of the tammar is mobile, allowing it to track sounds from different parts of its surroundings without moving its head. A tammar can point its pinna at a sound source and increase its eardrum's

text: sound pressure

text: by 25–30

text: dB

text: at 5

text: kHz

text: . When the pinna moves away from the sound source, the animal's hearing level quickly drops. When born, a tammar's sense of smell is already developed; this allows the newborn to find its mother's pouch by the scent.

text: The trail of the senses allows you to discover nature through sight, touch, hearing, smell and taste.

text: 1) Firstly, male dorsal eyes contain significantly longer rhabdomeres (basic light sensing organelles in the ommatidia of eyes – 2 to 3 times longer in males) than those found in the female eyes or ventral eyes of males.

text: 1) Firstly, male dorsal eyes contain significantly longer

text: rhabdom

text: eres (basic light sensing organelles in the

text: ommatidia

text: of eyes – 2 to 3 times longer in males) than those found in the female eyes or ventral eyes of males.

text: Mechanical senses provide the insect with information that may direct orientation, general movement, flight from enemies, reproduction and feeding and are elicited from the sense organs that are sensitive to mechanical stimuli such as pressure, touch and vibration. Hairs (setae) on the cuticle are responsible for this as they are sensitive to vibration touch and sound.

text: Mechanical senses provide the insect with information that may direct orientation, general movement, flight from enemies, reproduction and feeding and are elicited from the sense organs that are sensitive to mechanical stimuli such as pressure, touch and vibration. Hairs (

text: setae

text: ) on the

text: cuticle

text: are responsible for this as they are sensitive to vibration touch and sound.

text: Lawson has stated that she believes cooking is "a metaphor for life", in the sense that "When you cook, you need structure [...] but just as importantly you need to be able to loosen up and go with the flow [...] you must not strive for perfection but, rather, acknowledge your mistakes and work out how you can rectify them". She has described cooking as "a way of strengthening oneself", in the sense that "being able to sustain oneself is the skill of the survivor".

text: DiBiase describes touch as differentiating depending on various aspects. All people touch and are touched by others, but there are vast differences in the amount of touching that people do. For example, touching appears to vary by gender, culture, and even age. Although these particular differences in touching behavior are not well understood, historically investigators have thought of touch as expressing control and dominance.

text: This interplay of various ways of conceiving the world could be compared to the experience of synesthesia, where stimulus of one sense causes a perception by another, seemingly unrelated sense, as in musicians who can taste the intervals between notes they hear (Beeli et al., 2005), or artists who can smell colors. Many individuals who have one or more senses restricted or lost develop a sensorium with a ratio of sense which favors those they possess more fully. Frequently the blind or deaf speak of a compensating effect, whereby their sense of touch or smell becomes more acute, changing the way they perceive and reason about the world; especially telling examples are found in the cases of "wild children", whose early childhoods were spent in abusive, neglected, or non-human environments, both intensifying and minimizing perceptual abilities (Classen 1991).

text: This interplay of various ways of conceiving the world could be compared to the experience of

text: synesthesia

text: , where stimulus of one sense causes a perception by another, seemingly unrelated sense, as in musicians who can taste the intervals between notes they hear (Beeli et al., 2005), or artists who can smell colors. Many individuals who have one or more senses restricted or lost develop a sensorium with a ratio of sense which favors those they possess more fully. Frequently the blind or deaf speak of a compensating effect, whereby their sense of touch or smell becomes more acute, changing the way they perceive and reason about the world; especially telling examples are found in the cases of "wild children", whose early childhoods were spent in abusive, neglected, or non-human environments, both intensifying and minimizing perceptual abilities (Classen 1991).

text: The ear may be affected by disease, including infection and traumatic damage. Diseases of the ear may lead to hearing loss, tinnitus and balance disorders such as vertigo, although many of these conditions may also be affected by damage to the brain or neural pathways leading from the ear.

text: The ear may be affected by disease, including infection and traumatic damage. Diseases of the ear may lead to

text: hearing loss

text: tinnitus

text: and

text: balance disorders

text: such as

text: vertigo

text: , although many of these conditions may also be affected by damage to the brain or neural pathways leading from the ear.

text: The term hearing or hearing person, from the perspective of mainstream English-language culture, refers to someone whose sense of hearing is at the medical norm. From this point of view, someone who is not fully hearing has a hearing loss or is said to be hard of hearing or deaf.  The continuum of hearing ability tends to be broken down into fine gradations. Moving down the scale and further away from the medical norm, people are classed as hearing, then slightly hard of hearing, moderately hard of hearing, severely hard of hearing, and finally deaf (severely deaf or profoundly deaf for those furthest from the norm).

text: The term hearing or hearing person, from the perspective of mainstream English-language culture, refers to someone whose

text: sense of hearing

text: is at the medical norm. From this point of view, someone who is not fully hearing has a

text: hearing loss

text: or is said to be hard of hearing or deaf.  The continuum of hearing ability tends to be broken down into fine gradations. Moving down the scale and further away from the medical norm, people are classed as hearing, then slightly hard of hearing, moderately hard of hearing, severely hard of hearing, and finally deaf (severely deaf or profoundly deaf for those furthest from the norm).

text: Among other senses, they have a small chemoreceptor organ that senses smells on the triangular area formed by the exoskeleton beneath the body near the ventral eyes.

text: Among other senses, they have a small

text: chemoreceptor

text: organ that senses smells on the triangular area formed by the exoskeleton beneath the body near the ventral eyes.

text: Brown spider monkeys mainly forage in the canopies of forests and rely mostly on their senses of sight, smell, taste, and touch to find food. Brown spider monkeys are mainly herbivores and frugivores.  A main component of the brown spider monkey’s diet is ripe fruit. 83% of their diet is lipid rich fruits. However, in drier seasons where fruit is less abundant, brown spider monkeys feed on leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, honey, decaying wood, and occasionally insects such as termites and caterpillars. Brown spider monkeys feed on different species of figs year around. Scientists have observed spider monkeys eating soil and clay, and hypothesized that the reasons for this behavior could be to obtain minerals from the soil, for phosphorus, or in order to maintain a pH-balance in their digestive system. Brown spider monkeys find water to drink on the forest floor at “salado sites.” Competition for food occurs between spider monkeys and other frugivorous primates.

text: Brown spider monkeys mainly forage in the canopies of forests and rely mostly on their senses of sight, smell, taste, and touch to find food. Brown spider monkeys are mainly herbivores and frugivores.  A main component of the brown spider monkey’s diet is ripe fruit. 83% of their diet is

text: lipid

text: rich fruits. However, in drier seasons where fruit is less abundant, brown spider monkeys feed on leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, honey, decaying wood, and occasionally insects such as

text: termite

text: s and caterpillars. Brown spider monkeys feed on different species of

text: figs

text: year around. Scientists have observed spider monkeys eating soil and clay, and hypothesized that the reasons for this behavior could be to obtain minerals from the soil, for

text: phosphorus

text: , or in order to maintain a

text: pH

text: -balance in their digestive system. Brown spider monkeys find water to drink on the forest floor at “salado sites.” Competition for food occurs between spider monkeys and other

text: frugivorous

text: primates.

text: Generally molecules meeting this specification have molecular weights of <300. Flavors affect both the sense of taste and smell, whereas fragrances affect only smell.  Flavors tend to be naturally occurring, and fragrances tend to be synthetic.

text: Generally molecules meeting this specification have

text: molecular weight

text: s of <300. Flavors affect both the sense of taste and smell, whereas fragrances affect only smell.  Flavors tend to be naturally occurring, and fragrances tend to be synthetic.

text: Universal Robotics offers three modular software product families: Neocortex provides real-time intelligence.  Spatial Vision performs multi-dimensional sensing (Spatial Vision Robotics – 3D vision guidance, Spatial Vision Inspection – 3D visual inspection).  Autonomy provides automated enhanced control of robots and machines.

text: The sum of the daily outstanding balances is divided by the number of days covered in the cycle to give an average balance for that period. This amount is multiplied by a constant factor to give an interest charge. The resultant interest is the same as if interest was charged at the close of each day, except that it only compounds (gets added to the principal) once per month. It is the simplest of the four methods in the sense that it produces an interest rate approximating if not exactly equal the expected rate.

text: Silicon Labs' capacitive touch sense microcontrollers (MCUs) enable implementation of touch buttons, sliders, wheels, capacitive proximity sensing and liquid level sensing.

text: Such features include the froch—space sensory organ—which is a compound eye made up of a bundle of approximately 100 million smaller eyes found on Abh foreheads that, with the help of an almfac or tiara connected to the ship, helps Abhs to sense the ship's directions and processes; such information is processed at a special section of the Abh brain called the rilbidoc or "voyage field" which allows them to make decisions that will make them navigate their ships with greater accuracy.

text: Such features include the froch—space sensory organ—which is a

text: compound eye

text: made up of a bundle of approximately 100 million smaller eyes found on Abh foreheads that, with the help of an almfac or

text: tiara

text: connected to the ship, helps Abhs to sense the ship's directions and processes; such information is processed at a special section of the Abh brain called the rilbidoc or "voyage field" which allows them to make decisions that will make them navigate their ships with greater accuracy.

text: Where even the use of surrounding circumstances does not provide "sufficient certainty"—where, that is, there is ambiguity in the narrow sense—and there is still no substantial balance in favour of one meaning over another; where, in other words, the case is one "of 'ambiguity' as opposed to mere 'uncertainty,'" then "recourse may be had to what passed between the parties on the subject of the contract." The court may also refer to evidence of the parties' negotiations: the way they acted in carrying the contract out. The court should use outside evidence as conservatively as possible, but use it if necessary to reach what seems to be sufficient certainty as to the meaning. The court is still not allowed, however, to hear evidence as to what the parties subjectively thought the disputed term meant.

text: Perception is the ability to take in information via the senses, and process it in some way. Vision and hearing are two dominant senses that allow us to perceive the environment. Some questions in the study of visual perception, for example, include: (1) How are we able to recognize objects?, (2) Why do we perceive a continuous visual environment, even though we only see small bits of it at any one time? One tool for studying visual perception is by looking at how people process optical illusions. The image on the right of a Necker cube is an example of a bistable percept, that is, the cube can be interpreted as being oriented in two different directions.

text: Perception is the ability to take in information via the

text: senses

text: , and process it in some way.

text: Vision

text: and

text: hearing

text: are two dominant senses that allow us to perceive the environment. Some questions in the study of visual perception, for example, include: (1) How are we able to recognize objects?, (2) Why do we perceive a continuous visual environment, even though we only see small bits of it at any one time? One tool for studying visual perception is by looking at how people process

text: optical illusion

text: s. The image on the right of a Necker cube is an example of a bistable percept, that is, the cube can be interpreted as being oriented in two different directions.

text: The observation that large cardinal axioms are linearly ordered by consistency strength is just that, an observation, not a theorem. (Without an accepted definition of large cardinal property, it is not subject to proof in the ordinary sense). Also, it is not known in every case which of the three cases holds.  Saharon Shelah has asked, "[i]s there some theorem explaining this, or is our vision just more uniform than we realize?" Woodin, however, deduces this from the Ω-conjecture, the main unsolved problem of his Ω-logic.  It is also noteworthy that many combinatorial statements are exactly equiconsistent with some large cardinal rather than, say, being intermediate between them.

text: The observation that large cardinal axioms are linearly ordered by consistency strength is just that, an observation, not a theorem. (Without an accepted definition of large cardinal property, it is not subject to proof in the ordinary sense). Also, it is not known in every case which of the three cases holds.

text: Saharon Shelah

text: has asked, "[i]s there some theorem explaining this, or is our vision just more uniform than we realize?"

text: Woodin

text: , however, deduces this from the

text: Ω-conjecture

text: , the main unsolved problem of his

text: Ω-logic

text: .  It is also noteworthy that many combinatorial statements are exactly equiconsistent with some large cardinal rather than, say, being intermediate between them.

text: Sensory processing deals with how the brain processes sensory input from multiple sensory modalities.  These include the five classic senses of vision (sight), audition (hearing), tactile stimulation (touch), olfaction (smell), and gustation (taste).  Other sensory modalities exist, for example the vestibular sense (balance and the sense of movement) and proprioception (the sense of knowing one's position in space) Along with Time (The sense of knowing where one is in time or activities).  It is important that the information of these different sensory modalities must be relatable.  The sensory inputs themselves are in different electrical signals, and in different contexts. Through sensory processing, the brain can relate all sensory inputs into a coherent percept, upon which our interaction with the environment is ultimately based.

text: Sensory processing deals with how the brain processes sensory input from multiple sensory modalities.  These include the five classic senses of

text: vision

text: (sight),

text: audition

text: (hearing), tactile stimulation (

text: touch

text: olfaction

text: (smell), and

text: gustation

text: (taste).  Other sensory modalities exist, for example the

text: vestibular

text: sense (balance and the sense of movement) and

text: proprioception

text: (the sense of knowing one's position in space) Along with

text: Time

text: (The sense of knowing where one is in time or activities).  It is important that the information of these different sensory modalities must be relatable.  The sensory inputs themselves are in different electrical signals, and in different contexts. Through sensory processing, the brain can relate all sensory inputs into a coherent percept, upon which our interaction with the environment is ultimately based.

text: One paradoxical perception concerning the sense of smell is the theory of one's own ability to smell. Smell is intrinsic to being alive, and is even shown to be a matter of genetics.

text: Due to this deeper, more internal paradigm, the new doctrines Luria introduced explain Kabbalistic teachings and passages in the Zohar that remained superficially understood and externally described before. Seemingly unrelated concepts become unified as part of a comprehensive, deeper picture. Kabbalistic systemisers before Luria, culminating with Cordovero, were influenced by Maimonides' philosophical Guide, in their quest to decipher the Zohar intellectually, and unify esoteric wisdom with Jewish philosophy. In Kabbalah this embodies the Neshama (Understanding) mental level of the soul. The teachings of Luria challenge the soul to go beyond mental limitations. Though presented in intellectual terms, it remains a revealed, supra-rational doctrine, giving a sense of being beyond intellectual grasp. This corresponds to the soul level of Haya (Wisdom insight), described as "touching/not-touching" apprehension.

text: Due to this deeper, more internal paradigm, the new doctrines Luria introduced explain Kabbalistic teachings and passages in the

text: Zohar

text: that remained superficially understood and externally described before. Seemingly unrelated concepts become unified as part of a comprehensive, deeper picture. Kabbalistic systemisers before Luria, culminating with Cordovero, were influenced by

text: Maimonides

text: ' philosophical

text: Guide

text: , in their quest to decipher the

text: Zohar

text: intellectually, and unify esoteric wisdom with Jewish philosophy. In Kabbalah this embodies the

text: Neshama

text: Understanding

text: ) mental level of the soul. The teachings of Luria challenge the soul to go beyond mental limitations. Though presented in intellectual terms, it remains a revealed, supra-rational doctrine, giving a sense of being beyond intellectual grasp. This corresponds to the soul level of

text: Haya

text: Wisdom

text: insight), described as "touching/not-touching" apprehension.

text: The classical problem in computer vision, image processing, and machine vision is that of determining whether or not the image data contains some specific object, feature, or activity. Different varieties of the recognition problem are described in the literature:

text: The avian magnetic compass of the robin has been extensively researched and uses vision-based magnetoreception, in which the robin's ability to sense the magnetic field of the earth for navigation is affected by the light entering the bird's eye. The physical mechanism of the robin's magnetic sense is not fully understood, but may involve quantum entanglement of electron spins.

text: The avian magnetic compass of the robin has been extensively researched and uses vision-based

text: magnetoreception

text: , in which the robin's ability to sense the magnetic field of the earth for navigation is affected by the light entering the bird's eye. The physical mechanism of the robin's magnetic sense is not fully understood, but may involve

text: quantum entanglement

text: of electron spins.

text: The Remote Sensing Center (RSC) at the Naval Postgraduate School was established to bring together a range of capabilities and expertise to address problems of military and intelligence importance, as well as environmental and civil concerns.  It is specialized in a variety of remote sensing technologies designed to enable people to look beyond the range of human vision in range or in spectral perception.

text: The Remote Sensing Center (RSC) at the

text: Naval Postgraduate School

text: was established to bring together a range of capabilities and expertise to address problems of military and intelligence importance, as well as environmental and civil concerns.  It is specialized in a variety of

text: remote sensing

text: technologies designed to enable people to look beyond the range of human vision in range or in spectral perception.

text: The house was carried away by astronomically high tides during a winter hurricane in February 1978. Waldron wrote that thousands still come to the beach each year, wanting to learn more about this man who retreated to the outer beach "in a search for the great truth, and found it in the spirit of man," as his National Literary Landmark dedication plaque read. "Many know the book, some carry it with them," Waldron wrote. "Still they come, pilgrims of a sort- stirred by his sense of wonder but drawn by his vision of hope."

text: Stalker vision or monster vision is a cinema technique used to convey a sense of being watched.  Often used in horror movies to inspire dread of what one is watching, this shot-framing incorporates a few techniques for effect.

text: Stalker vision or monster vision is a cinema technique used to convey a sense of being watched.  Often used in

text: horror movies

text: to inspire dread of what one is watching, this shot-framing incorporates a few techniques for effect.

text: These works did not present prophecies or scriptures in the ordinary sense: the Etrusca Disciplina foretold nothing itself. The Etruscans appear to have had no systematic ethics or religion and no great visions. Instead they concentrated on the problem of the will of the gods: questioning why, if the gods created the universe and humanity and have a will and a plan for everyone and everything in it, they did not devise a system for communicating that will in a clear manner.

text: Vision Engraving & Routing Systems are manufactured in Phoenix, Arizona. The company builds a wide variety of machines, from small-format and specialty engravers to large-format, heavy-duty engravers and CNC routers. Rotary systems include software options including the open-architecture Vision PRO engraving software. Vision also manufactures a line of engraving accessories (fixtures, clamps, and other work-holding devices).

text: Vision Engraving & Routing Systems are manufactured in

text: Phoenix, Arizona

text: . The company builds a wide variety of machines, from small-format and specialty engravers to large-format, heavy-duty engravers and CNC routers. Rotary systems include software options including the open-architecture Vision PRO engraving software. Vision also manufactures a line of engraving accessories (fixtures, clamps, and other work-holding devices).

text: This observation lead Wertheimer to suggest that the perception of motion is 'as primary as any other sensory phenomenon' (Boring, 1942; in: Steinman et al. 2000). To explain: Touch can be felt without seeing (hearing, smelling, ...) that one is being touched. In that sense, it is 'primary' in that it does not rely on any other sense to be perceived. Likewise, phi motion is perceived without seeing an object moving, making it similarly 'primary' according to Wertheimer (1912).

text: Lancelets have two known kinds of light-sensing structures, Joseph cells, and Hesse organs, as well as a "frontal eye" and lamellar body. The frontal eye is widely thought to be light-sensitive, although this has not been confirmed by electrophysiological measurement. The lamellar body, a possible homologue of the pineal body, was once thought to be light-sensitive, although this has been called into question. All of these organs and structures are located in the neural tube, with the frontal eye at the front, followed by the lamellar body, the Joseph cells, and the Hesse organs.

text: Though it can at times be frustratingly meticulous work, Adovasio claims archaeology is also an incredibly rewarding field with unparalleled opportunities for interdisciplinary study. In an interview about his book The First Americans, Adovasio comments on his role as an archaeologist in the modern age: “I think in a sense the story that we’re trying to tell…is how we ended up where we are now technologically, socially, and environmentally because—you’ve heard the old saw ‘You can’t know where you’re going in the future unless you know where you’ve been in the past?’ Well, it really is true, and now we understand better how to figure out where we were.”

text: Theoretically, all life forms are said to deserve full protection from all kinds of injury, but Jains recognise a hierarchy of life. Mobile beings are given higher protection than immobile ones. For the mobile beings, they distinguish between one-sensed, two-sensed, three-sensed, four-sensed and five-sensed ones; a one-sensed animal has touch as its only sensory modality. The more senses a being has, the more they care about non-injuring it. Among the five-sensed beings, the precept of non-injury and non-violence to the rational ones (humans) is strongest in Jain Ahimsa.

text: This is the first stage in Piaget's theory, where infants have the following basic senses: vision, hearing, and motor skills. In this stage, knowledge of the world is limited but is constantly developing due to the child's experiences and interactions. According to Piaget, when an infant reaches about 7–9 months of age they begin to develop what he called object permanence, this means the child now has the ability to understand that objects keep existing even when they cannot be seen. An example of this would be hiding the child’s favorite toy under a blanket, although the child cannot physically see it they still know to look under the blanket.

text: This is the first stage in Piaget's theory, where infants have the following basic senses: vision, hearing, and motor skills. In this stage, knowledge of the world is limited but is constantly developing due to the child's experiences and interactions. According to Piaget, when an infant reaches about 7–9 months of age they begin to develop what he called

text: object permanence

text: , this means the child now has the ability to understand that objects keep existing even when they cannot be seen. An example of this would be hiding the child’s favorite toy under a blanket, although the child cannot physically see it they still know to look under the blanket.

text: In 1993 he established ATOS, a mental technique that is based on the principle of homoeostasis in the human body. The method means to balance the processes that are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. It contains exercises which address all six senses (balancing, seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and feeling) and a mental exercise that is superior to the previous six. Milenko Vlajkov regularly gives lectures on ATOS and trains people to become ATOS teachers.

text: Touch can be categorized in terms of meaning as positive, playful, control, ritualistic, task-related or unintentional. It can be both sexual (kissing is one such example that is sometimes sexual) and platonic (such as hugging or tickling). Touch is the earliest sense to develop in the fetus. The development of an infant's haptic senses and how it relates to the development of the other senses such as vision has been the target of much research. Human babies have been observed to have enormous difficulty surviving if they do not possess a sense of touch, even if they retain sight and hearing. Babies who can perceive through touch, even without sight and hearing, tend to fare much better.

text: Touch can be categorized in terms of meaning as positive, playful, control, ritualistic, task-related or unintentional. It can be both

text: sexual

text: kissing

text: is one such example that is sometimes sexual) and

text: platonic

text: (such as

text: hug

text: ging or

text: tickling

text: ). Touch is the earliest sense to develop in the fetus. The development of an

text: infant's

text: haptic senses and how it relates to the development of the other senses such as

text: vision

text: has been the target of much research. Human babies have been observed to have enormous difficulty surviving if they do not possess a sense of touch, even if they retain sight and hearing. Babies who can perceive through touch, even without sight and hearing, tend to fare much better.

text: To create a sense of full immersion, the 5 senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste) must perceive the digital environment to be physically real.  Immersive technology can perceptually fool the senses through:

text: To create a sense of full immersion, the 5 senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste) must perceive the digital environment to be physically real.

text: Immersive technology

text: can perceptually fool the senses through:

text: In philosophy, common English translations include "understanding" and "mind"; or sometimes  "thought" or "reason" (in the sense of that which reasons, not the activity of reasoning). It is also often described as something equivalent to perception except that it works within the mind ("the mind's eye"). It has been suggested that the basic meaning is something like "awareness". In colloquial British English, nous also denotes "good sense", which is close to one everyday meaning it had in Ancient Greece.

text: In philosophy, common English translations include "understanding" and "mind"; or sometimes  "

text: thought

text: " or "

text: reason

text: " (in the sense of that which reasons, not the activity of reasoning). It is also often described as something equivalent to

text: perception

text: except that it works within the mind ("the

text: mind's eye

text: "). It has been suggested that the basic meaning is something like "awareness". In colloquial

text: British English

text: , nous also denotes "

text: good sense

text: ", which is close to one everyday meaning it had in

text: Ancient Greece

text: Psilocybe zapotecorum has a farinaceous smell and taste.

text: One way to understand the moral sense is to draw an analogy between it and other kinds of senses. Beauty, for example, is something we see in some faces, artworks and landscapes. We can also hear it in some pieces of music. We clearly do not need an independent aesthetic sense faculty to perceive beauty in the world. Our ordinary five senses are quite enough to observe it, though merely observing something beautiful is no guarantee that we can observe its beauty. In the same way, a color-blind person is not necessarily able to perceive the green color of grass although he is capable of vision. Suppose we give a name to this ability to appreciate the beauty in things we see: one might call it the aesthetic sense. This aesthetic sense does not come automatically to all people with perfect vision and hearing, so it is fair to describe it as something extra, something not wholly reducible to vision and hearing. As the aesthetic sense informs us about what is beautiful, we can analogically understand the moral sense as informing us of what is good. People with a functioning moral sense get a clear impression of wrongness when they see puppies being kicked, for example.

text: One way to understand the moral sense is to draw an analogy between it and other kinds of senses. Beauty, for example, is something we see in some faces, artworks and landscapes. We can also hear it in some pieces of music. We clearly do not need an independent aesthetic sense faculty to perceive beauty in the world. Our ordinary five senses are quite enough to observe it, though merely observing something beautiful is no guarantee that we can observe its beauty. In the same way, a

text: color-blind

text: person is not necessarily able to perceive the green color of grass although he is capable of vision. Suppose we give a name to this ability to appreciate the beauty in things we see: one might call it the aesthetic sense. This aesthetic sense does not come automatically to all people with perfect vision and hearing, so it is fair to describe it as something extra, something not wholly reducible to vision and hearing. As the aesthetic sense informs us about what is beautiful, we can

text: analogically

text: understand the moral sense as informing us of what is good. People with a functioning moral sense get a clear impression of wrongness when they see puppies being kicked, for example.

text: The user interacted with the globe by touching the surface of the globe with an attached pen.  The globe then calculated a latitude/longitude position which was used to determine the location touched.  This position sensing was implemented using a patented technology called NearTouch developed by Explore Technologies.

text: The user interacted with the globe by touching the surface of the globe with an attached pen.  The globe then calculated a

text: latitude

text: longitude

text: position which was used to determine the location touched.  This position sensing was implemented using a patented technology called

text: NearTouch

text: developed by Explore Technologies.

text: Zuckerzeit is the third full-length album by German electronic music outfit Cluster. It was co-produced by Michael Rother, their bandmate in Harmonia (whose two releases Zuckerzeit fell between).  The music on Zuckerzeit is different from any other Cluster work and clearly shows Michael Rother's influence, with clearly defined melody and beat and a very rhythmic sound, at times approaching the Motorik style of Neu!.  John Bush, writing the review for Allmusic, described Zuckerzeit as: "...a vision of electronic pop, fusing the duo's haunted melodic sense with crisp, scratchy drum programs..."

text: Zuckerzeit is the third full-length album by German electronic music outfit

text: Cluster

text: . It was co-produced by

text: Michael Rother

text: , their bandmate in

text: Harmonia

text: (whose two releases Zuckerzeit fell between).  The music on Zuckerzeit is different from any other Cluster work and clearly shows Michael Rother's influence, with clearly defined melody and beat and a very rhythmic sound, at times approaching the

text: Motorik

text: style of

text: Neu!

text: .  John Bush, writing the review for

text: Allmusic

text: , described Zuckerzeit as: "...a vision of electronic pop, fusing the duo's haunted melodic sense with crisp, scratchy drum programs..."

text: The visual system in fish is augmented by other sensing systems with comparable or complimentary functions. Some fish are blind, and must rely entirely on alternate sensing systems. Other senses which can also provide data about location or distant objects include hearing and echolocation, electroreception, magnetoception and chemoreception (smell and taste). For example, catfish have chemoreceptors across their entire bodies, which means they "taste" anything they touch and "smell" any chemicals in the water. "In catfish, gustation plays a primary role in the orientation and location of food".

text: The visual system in fish is augmented by other sensing systems with comparable or complimentary functions. Some fish are blind, and must rely entirely on alternate sensing systems. Other senses which can also provide data about location or distant objects include

text: hearing

text: and

text: echolocation

text: electroreception

text: magnetoception

text: and

text: chemoreception

text: smell

text: and

text: taste

text: ). For example,

text: catfish

text: have chemoreceptors across their entire bodies, which means they "taste" anything they touch and "smell" any chemicals in the water. "In catfish,

text: gustation

text: plays a primary role in the orientation and location of food".

text: Carpenter wrote Common sense about Christian ethics as part of the Common Sense series.

text: Carpenter wrote Common sense about Christian ethics as part of the

text: Common Sense series

text: The justices decide whether or not to hear oral arguments for the case. If the case is controversial or carries high public interest, an oral argument may be scheduled, although oral arguments were rare under Chief Justice Hernández Denton. When oral argument occurs, each side has twenty-five minutes to state its respective claims and five minutes for rebuttal. After the sides have ended their argument, each justice has ten minutes (in order of seniority) to ask questions to each side. Justices may decide to yield the balance of their time to one of their colleagues.

text: A bee has a pair of large compound eyes which cover much of the surface of the head. Between and above these are three small simple eyes (ocelli) which provide information for the bee on light intensity. The antennae usually have thirteen segments in males and twelve in females and are geniculate, having an elbow joint part way along. They house large numbers of sense organs that can detect touch (mechanoreceptors), smell and taste, and small, hairlike mechanoreceptors that can detect air movement so as to "hear" sounds. The mouthparts are adapted for both chewing and sucking by having both a pair of mandibles and a long proboscis for sucking up nectar.

text: A bee has a pair of large

text: compound eyes

text: which cover much of the surface of the head. Between and above these are three small simple eyes (

text: ocelli

text: ) which provide information for the bee on light intensity. The

text: antennae

text: usually have thirteen segments in males and twelve in females and are

text: geniculate

text: , having an elbow joint part way along. They house large numbers of sense organs that can detect touch (mechanoreceptors), smell and taste, and small, hairlike mechanoreceptors that can detect air movement so as to "hear" sounds. The

text: mouthparts

text: are adapted for both chewing and sucking by having both a pair of

text: mandibles

text: and a long

text: proboscis

text: for sucking up nectar.

text: Somatic senses are sometimes referred to as somesthetic senses, with the understanding that somesthesis includes the sense of touch, proprioception (sense of position and movement), and (depending on usage) also haptic perception.

text: Somatic senses are sometimes referred to as somesthetic senses, with the understanding that somesthesis includes the sense of touch,

text: proprioception

text: (sense of position and movement), and (depending on usage) also

text: haptic perception

text: Noticeable changes to the auditory, visual, and tactile senses may become apparent around 30 minutes to an hour after ingestion, although effects may take up to two hours to take place. These shifts in perception visually include enhancement and contrasting of colors, strange light phenomena (such as auras or "halos" around light sources), increased visual acuity, surfaces that seem to ripple, shimmer, or breathe; complex open and closed eye visuals of form constants or images, objects that warp, morph, or change solid colours; a sense of melting into the environment, and trails behind moving objects. Sounds seem to be heard with increased clarity; music, for example, can often take on a profound sense of cadence and depth. Some users experience synesthesia, wherein they perceive, for example, a visualization of color upon hearing a particular sound.

text: Noticeable changes to the auditory, visual, and tactile senses may become apparent around 30 minutes to an hour after ingestion, although effects may take up to two hours to take place. These shifts in perception visually include enhancement and contrasting of colors, strange light phenomena (such as auras or "halos" around light sources), increased visual acuity, surfaces that seem to ripple, shimmer, or breathe; complex open and closed eye visuals of

text: form constant

text: s or images, objects that warp, morph, or change solid colours; a sense of melting into the environment, and

text: trails behind moving objects

text: . Sounds seem to be heard with increased clarity; music, for example, can often take on a profound sense of cadence and depth. Some users experience

text: synesthesia

text: , wherein they perceive, for example, a visualization of color upon hearing a particular sound.

text: - Students will explain how the nervous system controls physiological processes through studying the functional unit of the nervous system, the neuron, as well as the senses. Key concepts include the reflex arc, action potentials, synaptic transmission, the eye and the ear.

text: Ikeda draws Moka with long, pink hair and green eyes. Her inner personality, when manifested, is drawn with silver hair and red eyes. At the beginning of the series, Moka's inner personality mocks Tsukune for his personality, but as the series progresses, she shows an interest in Tsukune by letting him hold her hand in the manga, although this was done so he could learn how to sense when monsters such as her jealous classmates and friends attack. This is shown more in the anime when Moka's inner personality is left outside after her rosario is used to hold the barrier; she tries to act the same as her outer personality. Inner Moka has no experience in cooking: her attempts to cook a pumpkin pie prove disastrous, although when Tsukune tastes it he tells her he likes it, which makes her very happy. At the end of chapter 26 of the second serialization, the seal was broken sufficiently enough that Inner Moka has taken over the body and Outer Moka was forced into being the Inner personality, however the two can still converse via the rosario almost normally with each other. The seal was fixed in later chapters prior to Moka's captivity by Aqua as an emergency measure.

text: Josh Miller, founder and CEO of Branch Media, a startup (that would later be acquired by Facebook), was critical of Mark Zuckerberg for not clearly articulating the vision of the group on many of the issues it claimed it would eventually advocate for. Miller wrote: "To Mr. Zuckerberg, I would say this: One gets the sense that you are approaching FWD.us in the same way venture capitalists invest in start-ups. You put money and support behind a smart team tackling massive problems, with the faith that they will figure out the details along the way. However, that lack of introspection is ultimately harmful in the world of public policy. FWD.us is dealing with peoples’ principles, pocketbooks, and ultimately, livelihoods, so I urge you to take a more thoughtful, transparent approach — not to “Move Fast and Break Things.”"

text: Josh Miller, founder and CEO of

text: Branch Media

text: , a startup (that would later be acquired by

text: Facebook

text: ), was critical of Mark Zuckerberg for not clearly articulating the vision of the group on many of the issues it claimed it would eventually advocate for. Miller wrote: "To Mr. Zuckerberg, I would say this: One gets the sense that you are approaching FWD.us in the same way venture capitalists invest in start-ups. You put money and support behind a smart team tackling massive problems, with the faith that they will figure out the details along the way. However, that lack of introspection is ultimately harmful in the world of public policy. FWD.us is dealing with peoples’ principles, pocketbooks, and ultimately, livelihoods, so I urge you to take a more thoughtful, transparent approach — not to “Move Fast and Break Things.”"

text: Degrees of vision loss vary dramatically, although the ICD-9 released in 1979 categorized them into three tiers: normal vision, low vision, and blindness.  Two significant causes of vision loss due to sensory failures include media opacity and optic nerve diseases, although hypoxia and retinal disease can also lead to blindness.  Most causes of vision loss can cause varying degrees of damage, from total blindness to a negligible effect. Media opacity occurs in the presence of opacities in the eye tissues or fluid, distorting and/or blocking the image prior to contact with the photoreceptor cells.  Vision loss often results despite correctly functioning retinal receptors. Optic nerve diseases such as optic neuritis or retrobulbar neuritis lead to dysfunction in the afferent nerve pathway once the signal has been correctly transmitted from retinal photoreceptors.

text: Degrees of vision loss vary dramatically, although the

entity_name: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

text: released in 1979 categorized them into three tiers:

text: normal vision

text: low vision

text: , and

text: blindness

text: .  Two significant causes of vision loss due to sensory failures include media opacity and

text: optic nerve

text: diseases, although

text: hypoxia

text: and

text: retinal disease

text: can also lead to blindness.  Most causes of vision loss can cause varying degrees of damage, from total blindness to a negligible effect. Media opacity occurs in the presence of

text: opacities

text: in the eye tissues or fluid, distorting and/or blocking the

text: image

text: prior to contact with the

text: photoreceptor cells

text: .  Vision loss often results despite correctly functioning retinal receptors. Optic nerve diseases such as

text: optic neuritis

text: or

text: retrobulbar neuritis

text: lead to dysfunction in the afferent nerve pathway once the signal has been correctly transmitted from retinal photoreceptors.

text: Vision in humans is due to a system that starts with Rods and Cones photoreceptors, pass through retina ganglion cells and arrives in the brain visual cortex. Color vision is achieved through cones cells, each one able to distinguish between a continuous band of frequencies, retinal ganglion cells and visual cortex.Rods, which are extremely abundant in numbers (about 120 million) are in the periphery of the human retina. Rods only respond to faint levels of light and are very light sensitive, therefore, completely useless in daylight because bright light bleaches them.Cones, which are mostly near the fovea in the eye and are less active in dim light, more useful in bright light, and essential for color vision.  There are three types of cones in normal human eyes (short, medium, and long wavelength, sometimes called blue, green, and red); each detects a different range of wavelengths.Rods outnumber cones by about 20 to 1 in the human retina, but cones provide about 90% of the brain's input. Cones respond faster than rods, and have three types of pigments with different color sensitivities, where rods only have one and so are achromatic (colorless). Because of the distribution of rods and cones in the human eye, people have good color vision near the fovea (where cones are) but not in the periphery (where the rods are).

text: Vision in humans is due to a system that starts with

text: Rods

text: and

text: Cones

text: photoreceptors, pass through retina ganglion cells and arrives in the brain

text: visual cortex

text: Color vision

text: is achieved through cones cells, each one able to distinguish between a continuous band of frequencies, retinal ganglion cells and visual cortex.

text: Rods

text: , which are extremely abundant in numbers (about 120 million) are in the periphery of the human retina. Rods only respond to faint levels of light and are very light sensitive, therefore, completely useless in daylight because bright light bleaches them.

text: Cones

text: , which are mostly near the

text: fovea

text: in the eye and are less active in dim light, more useful in bright light, and essential for color vision.  There are three types of cones in normal human eyes (short, medium, and long wavelength, sometimes called blue, green, and red); each detects a different range of wavelengths.Rods outnumber cones by about 20 to 1 in the human retina, but cones provide about 90% of the brain's input. Cones respond faster than rods, and have three types of pigments with different color sensitivities, where rods only have one and so are achromatic (colorless). Because of the distribution of rods and cones in the human eye, people have good color vision near the fovea (where cones are) but not in the periphery (where the rods are).

text: The Santror is the subject of the religious vision of Ayyavazhi. There is both a religious and a social category in its connotation. In the social sense, it is believed that the term Santror fits rightly to the early "Chanars", who were called by the Arabs as "Al Hind", and known in biblical times as the "People of Five Rivers"; they are now scattered with more than 250 branches throughout the world. But in turn, in ideological sense and from the literary meaning of the term "Santror" in Tamil, it represents one who is noble and lives with dignity and supreme knowledge, giving an inclusive character and universal reach. Historians account that in ancient dravidian cultures, zealous devotees of God were called as 'Chanars'. A quote from Akilam too reads, "Chanars (Santror) are those who have the ability to see 'the invisible' constantly."

text: The Santror

text: is the subject of the religious vision of Ayyavazhi. There is both a religious and a social category in its connotation. In the social sense, it is believed that the term Santror fits rightly to the early "Chanars", who were called by the Arabs as "Al Hind", and known in biblical times as the "People of Five Rivers"; they are now scattered with more than 250 branches throughout the world. But in turn, in ideological sense and from the literary meaning of the term "Santror" in Tamil, it represents one who is noble and lives with dignity and supreme knowledge, giving an inclusive character and universal reach. Historians account that in ancient dravidian cultures, zealous devotees of God were called as 'Chanars'. A quote from Akilam too reads, "Chanars (Santror) are those who have the ability to see 'the invisible' constantly."

text: About 10% of people with PCS develop sensitivity to light or noise, about 5% experience a decreased sense of taste or smell, and about 14% report blurred vision. People may also have double vision or ringing in the ears, also called tinnitus.  PCS may cause insomnia, fatigue, or other problems with sleep.

text: About 10% of people with PCS develop

text: sensitivity to light

text: or

text: noise

text: , about 5% experience a decreased sense of taste or smell, and about 14% report blurred vision. People may also have

text: double vision

text: or ringing in the ears, also called

text: tinnitus

text: .  PCS may cause

text: insomnia

text: , fatigue, or other problems with

text: sleep

text: Muscles differ in the number of motor units that they contain, and how many muscle fibres are within each unit (innervation ratio). In a general sense, muscles that require specificity of movement, such as muscles in charge of eye movement, have fewer fibres per unit, while those that are meant for less specific tasks, such as the calf muscles in charge of jumping, have more.

text: Troglofauna are small cave-dwelling animals that have adapted to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofauna are associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water. Troglofaunal species include spiders, insects, myriapods and others. Some troglofauna live permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment. Troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing, touch and smell. Loss of under-used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most troglofauna. Troglofauna insects may exhibit a lack of wings and longer appendages.

text: Troglofauna are small

text: cave

text: -dwelling

text: animal

text: s that have

text: adapted

text: to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and

text: stygofauna

text: are the two types of

text: subterranean fauna

text: (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofauna are associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water. Troglofaunal species include

text: spider

text: s,

text: insect

text: s,

text: myriapods

text: and others. Some troglofauna live permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment. Troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing, touch and smell. Loss of under-used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most troglofauna. Troglofauna insects may exhibit a lack of

text: wings

text: and longer

text: appendage

text: s.

text: Buster Casey is born in the rural town of Middleton with the senses of smell and taste far more advanced than any other human.

text: Jan Cossiers moved in the circle of the famous Flemish genre painter Adriaen Brouwer who was known, amongst others, for his tronies, i.e. head or facial studies, which investigate varieties of expression.  Brouwer painted a tavern scene called The Smokers, which included tronie-style portraits of Jan Cossiers together with the painters Jan Lievens, Joos van Craesbeeck (1600-1671), Jan Davidsz. de Heem and Brouwer himself (c. 1636, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).  Jan Cossiers is the second figure on the right and appears to have smoke in his mouth, as if tasting it before exhaling.  This type of group portrait doubled as a representation of one of the five senses (in this case the sense of taste). Jan Cossiers also painted a number of genre portraits that represent the five senses. These portraits can at the same time be regarded as tronies.  Examples are the portraits of A man looking into his empty tankard (Sold at Hampel (München), 2011-03-25 - 2011-03-26, lot 207) and Portrait of a gentleman, said to be Adriaen Brouwer (Sold at Bonhams on 5 July 2006, London, lot 46), which are likely portraits of Adriaen Brouwer as well as representations of the sense of taste.  The paintings are believed to be part of a series on the five senses.

text: Jan Cossiers moved in the circle of the famous Flemish genre painter

text: Adriaen Brouwer

text: who was known, amongst others, for his

text: tronie

text: s, i.e. head or facial studies, which investigate varieties of expression.  Brouwer painted a tavern scene called

text: The Smokers

text: , which included tronie-style portraits of Jan Cossiers together with the painters

text: Jan Lievens

text: Joos van Craesbeeck

text: Jan Davidsz. de Heem

text: and Brouwer himself (c. 1636, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).  Jan Cossiers is the second figure on the right and appears to have smoke in his mouth, as if tasting it before exhaling.  This type of group portrait doubled as a representation of one of the five senses (in this case the sense of taste). Jan Cossiers also painted a number of genre portraits that represent the five senses. These portraits can at the same time be regarded as tronies.  Examples are the portraits of

text: A man looking into his empty tankard

text: (Sold at Hampel (München), 2011-03-25 - 2011-03-26, lot 207) and

text: Portrait of a gentleman, said to be Adriaen Brouwer

text: (Sold at Bonhams on 5 July 2006, London, lot 46), which are likely portraits of Adriaen Brouwer as well as representations of the sense of taste.  The paintings are believed to be part of a series on the five senses.

text: Information on much of Graham's work from the 1920s and 1930s, including Bacchanale, has been lost. Writing generally about her work of the period, Stark Young of The New Republic noted, "Her dancing is pictorial necessarily, since one understands it through the eyes. It is not pictorial in the sense of being representative, but pictorial as is an abstract painting, or a pattern in design."

text: Information on much of Graham's work from the 1920s and 1930s, including Bacchanale, has been lost. Writing generally about her work of the period,

text: Stark Young

text: of

text: The New Republic

text: noted, "Her dancing is pictorial necessarily, since one understands it through the eyes. It is not pictorial in the sense of being representative, but pictorial as is an abstract painting, or a pattern in design."

text: "Substance" here means what something is in itself. (For more on the philosophical concept, see Substance theory.) A hat's shape is not the hat itself, nor is its colour the hat, nor is its size, nor its softness to the touch, nor anything else about it perceptible to the senses. The hat itself (the "substance") has the shape, the colour, the size, the softness and the other appearances, but is distinct from them. Whereas the appearances, which are referred to by the philosophical term accidents are perceptible to the senses, the substance is not.

text: "Substance" here means what something is in itself. (For more on the philosophical concept, see

text: Substance theory

text: .) A hat's shape is not the hat itself, nor is its colour the hat, nor is its size, nor its softness to the touch, nor anything else about it perceptible to the senses. The hat itself (the "substance") has the shape, the colour, the size, the softness and the other appearances, but is distinct from them. Whereas the appearances, which are referred to by the philosophical term

text: accidents

text: are perceptible to the senses, the substance is not.

text: Aristotle was the first to provide a description of direct realism. In On the Soul he describes how a see-er is informed of the object itself by way of the hylomorphic form carried over the intervening material continuum with which the eye is impressed.

text: Aristotle

text: was the first to provide a description of direct realism. In

text: On the Soul

text: he describes how a see-er is informed of the

text: object itself

text: by way of the

text: hylomorphic form

text: carried over the intervening material continuum with which the eye is impressed.

text: Stereotaxy (from stereo meaning "solidity", and tactile meaning "touch") refers to any technique that involves the recording and reproduction of three-dimensional haptic information or creating an illusion of depth to the sense of touch within an otherwise-flat surface. Unlike the current trend in haptic technology to provide haptic perception of simulated, virtual objects within an  augmented-reality (that is, within a mostly-realistic) setting, stereohapty, which, when applied as a field of study, is known as stereohaptics or stereotactics, stereotaxy aims to provide an illusion of three-dimensional depth to the sense of touch by the human body. This resembles how stereoscopy, its visual counterpart, is meant to provide a visual illusion of depth to otherwise-flat images (such as 3-D films), a process known as stereopsis.

text: Stereotaxy (from

text: stereo

text: meaning "solidity", and

text: tactile

text: meaning "touch") refers to any technique that involves the recording and reproduction of three-dimensional

text: haptic

text: information or creating an illusion of depth to the sense of touch within an otherwise-flat surface. Unlike the current trend in

text: haptic technology

text: to provide haptic perception of simulated, virtual objects within an

text: augmented-reality

text: (that is, within a mostly-realistic) setting, stereohapty, which, when applied as a field of study, is known as stereohaptics or stereotactics, stereotaxy aims to provide an illusion of three-dimensional depth to the sense of touch by the human body. This resembles how

text: stereoscopy

text: , its visual counterpart, is meant to provide a visual illusion of depth to otherwise-flat images (such as

text: 3-D film

text: s), a process known as

text: stereopsis

text: Chindogu is the Japanese art of inventing ingenious everyday gadgets that, on the face of it, seem like an ideal solution to a particular problem. However, Chindogu has a distinctive feature: anyone actually attempting to use one of these inventions would find that it causes so many new problems, or such significant social embarrassment, that effectively it has no utility whatsoever. Thus, Chindōgu are sometimes described as "unuseless" – that is, they cannot be regarded as 'useless' in an absolute sense, since they do actually solve a problem; however, in practical terms, they cannot positively be called "useful." The term "Chindogu" was coined by Kenji Kawakami.

text: Chindogu is the Japanese art of inventing ingenious everyday

text: gadget

text: s that, on the face of it, seem like an ideal solution to a particular problem. However, Chindogu has a distinctive feature: anyone actually attempting to use one of these inventions would find that it causes so many new problems, or such significant social

text: embarrassment

text: , that effectively it has no

text: utility

text: whatsoever. Thus, Chindōgu are sometimes described as "unuseless" – that is, they cannot be regarded as 'useless' in an absolute sense, since they do actually solve a problem; however, in practical terms, they cannot positively be called "useful." The term "Chindogu" was coined by

text: Kenji Kawakami

text: Animals, specifically humans, have five different types of tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. As animals have evolved, the tastes that provide the most energy (sugar and fats) are the most pleasant to eat while others, such as bitter, are not enjoyable. Water, while important for survival, has no taste. Fats, on the other hand, especially saturated fats, are thicker and rich and are thus considered more enjoyable to eat.

text: Animals, specifically humans, have five different types of tastes:

text: sweet

text: sour

text: salty

text: bitter

text: , and

text: umami

text: . As animals have

text: evolved

text: , the tastes that provide the most energy (

text: sugar

text: and

text: fat

text: s) are the most pleasant to eat while others, such as

text: bitter

text: , are not enjoyable. Water, while important for survival, has no taste. Fats, on the other hand, especially

text: saturated fat

text: s, are thicker and rich and are thus considered more enjoyable to eat.

text: The general duty provisions are used in inspections only where there are no specific standards applicable to the particular hazard involved. Any recognized hazard created in part by a condition not covered by a standard may be cited under the general duty clause. A hazard is recognized if it is a condition that is (a) of a common knowledge or general recognition in the particular industry in which it occurred, and (b) detectable (1) by means of the senses (sight, smell, touch, and hearing), or (2) is such wide, general recognition as a hazard in the industry that even if it is not detectable by means of the senses, there are generally known and accepted tests for its existence which should are generally known to the employer. In addition, "Voluntary Standards" also meet the preceding criteria for identifying a hazard.  Citations based on the general duty clause are limited to alleged serious violations (including willful and/or repeated violations which would not otherwise qualify as serious violations, except for their willful or repeated nature).

text: It was used by George W. Bush for his 2004 re-election campaign without the band's knowledge. "That was weird," Grohl remarked. "And to me it just seemed like a pretty good example of how completely out of touch he was. You read those lyrics: they're about hope and love and compassion. And look at his administration: war and fear and death. It was laughable. You couldn't have picked a worse song. That's why I jumped on the John Kerry campaign. I thought, 'I guess the right thing to do is to go play the song where it's needed – where it makes sense.'"

text: It was used by

text: George W. Bush

text: for his 2004 re-election campaign without the band's knowledge. "That was weird," Grohl remarked. "And to me it just seemed like a pretty good example of how completely out of touch he was. You read those lyrics: they're about hope and love and compassion. And look at his

text: administration

text: war

text: and fear and death. It was laughable. You couldn't have picked a worse song. That's why I jumped on the

text: John Kerry

text: campaign. I thought, 'I guess the right thing to do is to go play the song where it's needed – where it makes sense.'"

text: In all human cultures, feces elicit varying degrees of disgust, a basic human emotion. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste (either perceived or imagined) and, secondarily to anything that causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision. As such, human feces is regarded as something to be avoided diligently: expelled in private and disposed of immediately and without a trace. It often is considered an unacceptable topic in polite conversation and its mere mention may cause offence in certain contexts. An example from the ancient world of repulsion by feces is found in Deuteronomy 23:12-14.

text: In all human cultures, feces elicit varying degrees of

text: disgust

text: , a basic human emotion. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste (either perceived or imagined) and, secondarily to anything that causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision. As such, human feces is regarded as something to be avoided diligently: expelled in private and disposed of immediately and without a trace. It often is considered an unacceptable topic in polite conversation and its mere mention may cause offence in certain contexts. An example from the ancient world of repulsion by feces is found in

text: Deuteronomy

text: uSens previously developed products in the area of HCI, such as the Fingo Virtual Touch, which is selling in China. Fingo Virtual Touch uses the company’s patented Fingo technology. Fingo is the hardware and software that uSens has developed to allow a user to interact with a digital interface, like a smart TV without the need to touch any surface; it can sense finger movements and hand gestures. It consists of a small sensor and a set of software algorithms that automatically “sense” and translate hand gestures into movements onscreen.

text: uSens previously developed products in the area of HCI, such as the Fingo Virtual Touch, which is selling in China. Fingo Virtual Touch uses the company’s patented Fingo technology. Fingo is the hardware and software that uSens has developed to allow a user to interact with a digital interface, like a

text: smart TV

text: without the need to touch any surface; it can sense finger movements and hand gestures. It consists of a small sensor and a set of software algorithms that automatically “sense” and translate hand gestures into movements onscreen.

text: Bredo Greve is a Norwegian anarchist and filmmaker, who made 3 feature-length films and 12 short films, from 1966 to 1986. His films handle social critical subjects, such as nature conservation, critique of technology and modern society. Most of them share a pessimistic view about the future, but often with a touch of humor. He was also known for making movies on an extreme low budget, usually shooting on 16 mm. Having all his own film equipment, he was very self-reliant, and an independent filmmaker in the true sense of the word.

text: He was born with anosmia, leaving him with no sense of smell and virtually no sense of taste.

text: He was born with

text: anosmia

text: , leaving him with no sense of smell and virtually no sense of taste.

text: Sense of smell: Frisch discovered that bees can distinguish various blossoming plants by their scent, and that each bee is "flower constant". Surprisingly, their sensitivity to a "sweet" taste is only slightly stronger than in humans. He thought it possible that a bee’s spatial sense of smell arises from the firm coupling of its olfactory sense with its tactile sense.

text: The third "apostle of Eris & who they be's" name, commonly called just Sri Syadasti, is Sanskrit, and means: All affirmations are true in some sense, false in some sense, meaningless in some sense, true and false in some sense, true and meaningless in some sense, false and meaningless in some sense, and true and false and meaningless in some sense.

text: After recording her third studio album, As I Am, Keys began to "find the way to totally be myself and what that meant; figuring out what choices I wanted to make and not make in order to truly honor myself". She described The Element of Freedom as diverse, but noted that there is a "balance". She explained that "one side is strong and one side is vulnerable", which she pointed to as the theme of the album. The album has a "strong, edgy feel", but is also "intimate and vulnerable and delicate". While on BET's 106 & Park, she described the album: "The way that the songs progress [on the album] are gonna take you on a natural high. I just want you to feel a sense of freedom, I want you to feel out-of-the-box, feel inspired, You're definitely going to be taken on a trip, I know you're going to be shocked, you're going to hear things that you probably didn't think that I would sound like. It's a journey." Keys revealed to The Times that in the period she was recording the album, she listened to artists such as Genesis, Tears for Fears, Fleetwood Mac and The Police.

text: After recording her third studio album,

text: As I Am

text: , Keys began to "find the way to totally be myself and what that meant; figuring out what choices I wanted to make and not make in order to truly honor myself". She described The Element of Freedom as diverse, but noted that there is a "balance". She explained that "one side is strong and one side is vulnerable", which she pointed to as the theme of the album. The album has a "strong, edgy feel", but is also "intimate and vulnerable and delicate". While on

text: BET

text: 's

text: 106 & Park

text: , she described the album: "The way that the songs progress [on the album] are gonna take you on a natural high. I just want you to feel a sense of freedom, I want you to feel out-of-the-box, feel inspired, You're definitely going to be taken on a trip, I know you're going to be shocked, you're going to hear things that you probably didn't think that I would sound like. It's a journey." Keys revealed to

text: The Times

text: that in the period she was recording the album, she listened to artists such as

text: Genesis

text: Tears for Fears

text: Fleetwood Mac

text: and

text: The Police

text: Mechanosensation is a response mechanism to mechanical stimuli. The physiological foundation for the senses of touch, hearing and balance, and pain is the conversion of mechanical stimuli into neuronal signals: mechanosensation. Mechanoreceptors of the skin, called cutaneous mechanoreceptors, are responsible for touch. Tiny cells in the inner ear, called hair cells, are responsible for hearing and balance. States of neuropathic pain, such as hyperalgesia and allodynia, are also directly related to mechanosensation. A wide array of elements are involved in the process of mechanosensation, many of which are still not fully understood.

text: Mechanosensation is a response mechanism to mechanical stimuli. The physiological foundation for the senses of touch, hearing and balance, and pain is the conversion of mechanical stimuli into neuronal signals: mechanosensation.

text: Mechanoreceptors

text: of the skin, called cutaneous mechanoreceptors, are responsible for touch. Tiny cells in the inner ear, called

text: hair cells

text: , are responsible for hearing and balance. States of neuropathic pain, such as

text: hyperalgesia

text: and

text: allodynia

text: , are also directly related to mechanosensation. A wide array of elements are involved in the process of mechanosensation, many of which are still not fully understood.

text: A 2011 study found that the nasal passages of Euoplocephalus were looped and complex; possibly an adaptation for heat and water balance and vocal resonance, and researchers discovered an enlarged and vascularised chamber at the back of the nasal tract, which was considered by the authors to be an adaptation to improve its sense of smell. The researchers also managed to reconstruct the dinosaur's inner ear and concluded that it was capable of hearing at low frequencies. They suggested that this may have been an adaption to hearing low-toned resonant sounds produced by the nasal passages.

text: A 2011 study found that the nasal passages of Euoplocephalus were looped and complex; possibly an adaptation for heat and water balance and

text: vocal resonance

text: , and researchers discovered an enlarged and vascularised chamber at the back of the nasal tract, which was considered by the authors to be an adaptation to improve its sense of smell. The researchers also managed to reconstruct the dinosaur's inner ear and concluded that it was capable of hearing at low frequencies. They suggested that this may have been an adaption to hearing low-toned resonant sounds produced by the nasal passages.

text: To "[distinguish] between things that are the same and those that are different' one must use their senses to understand a thing (via sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) and then compare it to understandings of other things.  From these observations, names can be given based on the sameness or difference between things.  Individual things will have their own names in this construct (for example, that is an acoustic guitar), as will groups of things (those are musical instruments).  The naming of things can become either more or less precise from this point (I have named my acoustic guitar Freckles; or, all musical instruments are solid objects).  Xunzi also speaks of "things which share the same form but occupy different places and things which have different forms but occupy the same place."  The former, such as two flutes, should be distinguished as two separate flutes, although they are of the same form, because they occupy different spaces.  However, as one flute is used and becomes damaged or broken over time, it appears to change into something else.  But even though it seems to become something different, it is still the same flute and should be regarded as such.

text: All this changed in modern times.  Renaissance men had a sense of their own independence, freedom and creativity, and sought to give voice to this sense of independence and creativity.  The philosopher Marsilio Ficino wrote that the artist "thinks up" ("excogitatio") his works; the theoretician of architecture and painting, Leon Battista Alberti, that he "preordains" ("preordinazione"); Raphael, that he shapes a painting according to his idea; Leonardo da Vinci, that he employs "shapes that do not exist in nature"; Michelangelo, that the artist realizes his vision rather than imitating nature; Giorgio Vasari, that "nature is conquered by art"; the Venetian art theoretician, Paolo Pino, that painting is "inventing what is not"; Paolo Veronese, that painters avail themselves of the same liberties as do poets and madmen; Federico Zuccari (1542–1609), that the artist shapes "a new world, new paradises"; Cesare Cesariano (1483–1541), that architects are "demi-gods."  Among musicians, the Flemish composer and musicologist Johannes Tinctoris (1446–1511) demanded novelty in what a composer did, and defined a composer as "one who produces new songs."

text: All this changed in modern times.

text: Renaissance

text: men had a sense of their own independence, freedom and creativity, and sought to give voice to this sense of independence and creativity.  The philosopher

text: Marsilio Ficino

text: wrote that the artist "thinks up" ("excogitatio") his works; the theoretician of architecture and painting,

text: Leon Battista Alberti

text: , that he "preordains" ("preordinazione");

text: Raphael

text: , that he shapes a painting according to his idea;

text: Leonardo da Vinci

text: , that he employs "shapes that do not exist in nature";

text: Michelangelo

text: , that the artist realizes his vision rather than imitating nature;

text: Giorgio Vasari

text: , that "nature is conquered by art"; the Venetian art theoretician,

text: Paolo Pino

text: , that painting is "inventing what is not";

text: Paolo Veronese

text: , that painters avail themselves of the same liberties as do poets and madmen;

text: Federico Zuccari

text: (1542–1609), that the artist shapes "a new world, new paradises";

text: Cesare Cesariano

text: (1483–1541), that architects are "demi-gods."  Among musicians, the

text: Flemish

text: composer and musicologist

text: Johannes Tinctoris

text: (1446–1511) demanded novelty in what a composer did, and defined a composer as "one who produces new songs."

text: The milk is first carrot-red and becomes a maroon colour within 10 to 30 minutes. The brittle and pale-yellowish flesh is often infested with maggots. If cut or injured it becomes, as the milk, first carrot-red, then maroon and within hours dirty green. The fruit body smells harsh, fruit-like and first tastes mild, but then slightly resinous-bitter and nearly spicy or somewhat astringent.

text: The milk is first carrot-red and becomes a maroon colour within 10 to 30 minutes. The brittle and pale-yellowish

text: flesh

text: is often infested with maggots. If cut or injured it becomes, as the milk, first carrot-red, then maroon and within hours dirty green. The fruit body smells harsh, fruit-like and first tastes mild, but then slightly resinous-bitter and nearly spicy or somewhat astringent.

text: "Famous Deaths", by Sense of Smell Project, The Netherlands - 2015 winner

text: Haralick has made a series of contributions in the field of computer vision. In the high-level vision area, he has worked on inferring 3D geometry from one or more perspective projection views. He has also identified a variety of vision problems which are special cases of the consistent labeling problem. His papers on consistent labeling, arrangements, relation homomorphism, matching, and tree search translate some specific computer vision problems to the more general combinatorial consistent labeling problem and then discuss the theory of the look-ahead operators that speed up the tree search. The most basic of these is called Forward Checking.  This gives a framework for the control structure required in high-level vision problems. He has also extended the forward-checking tree search technique to propositional logic.

text: Haralick has made a series of contributions in the field of

text: computer vision

text: . In the high-level vision area, he has worked on inferring 3D geometry from one or more

text: perspective

text: projection

text: views. He has also identified a variety of vision problems which are special cases of the

text: consistent labeling problem

text: . His papers on consistent labeling, arrangements, relation homomorphism, matching, and tree search translate some specific computer vision problems to the more general combinatorial consistent labeling problem and then discuss the theory of the look-ahead operators that speed up the tree search. The most basic of these is called Forward Checking.  This gives a framework for the control structure required in high-level vision problems. He has also extended the forward-checking tree search technique to propositional logic.

text: Make-up artist Greg Cannom was pleased to be involved in Hannibal as it offered him the chance to produce "incredible and original make-ups". For Mason Verger, the make-up team would initially produce 20 different heads which looked like zombies and did not reflect the vision Scott had of the character; Scott wanted Verger to look real with hideous scarring, and not something from the "House of Wax". Scott himself would actually call up the help of expert doctors in an effort to get the look of the character as realistic as possible. Scott showed the make-up team pictures of foetal things, which he thought touching; he wanted to make Mason Verger more touching than monstrous, as he thought of Verger as being someone who hadn’t lost his sense of humour...almost sympathetic. Oldman would spend six hours a day in make-up to prepare for the role.

text: Make-up artist

text: Greg Cannom was pleased to be involved in Hannibal as it offered him the chance to produce "incredible and original make-ups". For Mason Verger, the make-up team would initially produce 20 different heads which looked like zombies and did not reflect the vision Scott had of the character; Scott wanted Verger to look real with hideous scarring, and not something from the "House of Wax". Scott himself would actually call up the help of expert doctors in an effort to get the look of the character as realistic as possible. Scott showed the make-up team pictures of foetal things, which he thought touching; he wanted to make Mason Verger more touching than monstrous, as he thought of Verger as being someone who hadn’t lost his sense of humour...almost sympathetic. Oldman would spend six hours a day in make-up to prepare for the role.

text: Of the three chemical senses, smell is the main determinant of a food item's flavor. While there are only five universally recognized basic tastes – sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami (savory) – the number of food smells is unbounded. A food's flavor, therefore, can be easily altered by changing its smell while keeping its taste similar. This is exemplified in artificially flavored jellies, soft drinks, and candies, which, while made of bases with a similar taste, have dramatically different flavors due to the use of different scents or fragrances. The flavorings of commercially produced food products are typically created by flavorists.

text: Of the three chemical senses, smell is the main determinant of a food item's flavor. While there are only five universally recognized

text: basic tastes

text: sweet

text: sour

text: bitter

text: salty

text: , and

text: umami

text: (savory) – the number of food smells is unbounded. A food's flavor, therefore, can be easily altered by changing its smell while keeping its taste similar. This is exemplified in artificially flavored

text: jellies

text: soft drink

text: s, and candies, which, while made of bases with a similar taste, have dramatically different flavors due to the use of different scents or fragrances. The flavorings of commercially produced food products are typically created by

text: flavorist

text: s.

text: A sense of belonging to a social peer group can enhance students academic achievement. Group membership in early adolescence is associated with greater interest in and more enjoyment of school, while those who are not part of such social groups tend to be less engaged with school. Among middle school and high school students, multiple studies have found a link between a more positive sense of belonging and better academic motivation, lower rates of school dropout, better social-emotional functioning, and higher grade point average. At a college level, a better sense of belonging has been linked to perceived professor caring and greater involvement in campus organizations. In a study exploring associations between a sense of school belonging and academic and psychological adjustment, Pittman and Richmond found that college students who reported a greater sense of belonging at a college level, were doing better academically and felt more competent scholastically but also had a higher self-worth and lower levels of externalizing problems. However, students who were having problems with their relationships with friends, were found to experience more internalizing behaviors and feel less connected to the college.

text: A bloodthirsty and arrogant version of Vision was a member of the Exiles' counterpart Weapon X. This Vision was very single minded in completing their murderous missions. He had a habit of pointing out to his teammates that he would survive many attacks that could kill them. He was able to single handedly hold off the entire Exiles himself before being incapacitated and damaged by advanced Nimrod Sentinels on a parallel Earth dominated by the mutant hunting robots. Despite the damage inflicted by the Sentinels he continued to serve on several more Weapon X missions. Ultimately Vision was blasted into pieces by King Hyperion when he refused to join Hyperion in his plan to conquer one of the many parallel earths. Although briefly left alive in pieces Vision was finally killed when a huge asteroid, launched by that world's Magneto, struck the Earth and destroyed both the planet and Vision.

text: A bloodthirsty and arrogant version of Vision was a member of the

text: Exiles

text: ' counterpart Weapon X. This Vision was very single minded in completing their murderous missions. He had a habit of pointing out to his teammates that he would survive many attacks that could kill them. He was able to single handedly hold off the entire Exiles himself before being incapacitated and damaged by advanced Nimrod Sentinels on a parallel Earth dominated by the mutant hunting robots. Despite the damage inflicted by the Sentinels he continued to serve on several more Weapon X missions. Ultimately Vision was blasted into pieces by

text: King Hyperion

text: when he refused to join Hyperion in his plan to conquer one of the many parallel earths. Although briefly left alive in pieces Vision was finally killed when a huge asteroid, launched by that world's Magneto, struck the Earth and destroyed both the planet and Vision.

text: Compared to many other mammals, primates have a relatively small number of functional OR genes. For instance, since divergence from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), mice have gained a total of 623 new OR genes, and lost 285 genes, whereas humans have gained only 83 genes, but lost 428 genes. Mice have a total of 1035 protein-coding OR genes, humans have 387 protein-coding OR genes. The vision priority hypothesis states that the evolution of color vision in primates may have decreased primate reliance on olfaction, which explains  the relaxation of selective pressure that accounts for the accumulation of olfactory receptor pseudogenes in primates. However, recent evidence has rendered the vision priority hypothesis obsolete, because it was based on misleading data and assumptions. The hypothesis assumed that functional OR genes can be correlated to the olfactory capability of a given animal. In this view, a decrease in the fraction of functional OR genes would cause a reduction in the sense of smell; species with higher pseudogene count would also have a decreased olfactory ability. This assumption is flawed. Dogs, which are reputed to have good sense of smell, do not have the largest number of functional OR genes. Additionally, pseudogenes may be functional; 67% of human OR pseudogenes are expressed in the main olfactory epithelium, where they possibly have regulatory roles in gene expression. More importantly, the vision priority hypothesis assumed a drastic loss of functional OR genes at the branch of the OWMs, but this conclusion was biased by low-resolution data from only 100 OR genes. High-resolution studies instead agree that primates have lost OR genes in every branch from the MRCA to humans, indicating that the degeneration of OR gene repertories in primates cannot simply be explained by the changing capabilities in vision.

text: Compared to many other mammals, primates have a relatively small number of functional OR genes. For instance, since divergence from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), mice have gained a total of 623 new OR genes, and lost 285 genes, whereas humans have gained only 83 genes, but lost 428 genes. Mice have a total of 1035 protein-coding OR genes, humans have 387 protein-coding OR genes. The vision priority hypothesis states that the

text: evolution of color vision in primates

text: may have decreased primate reliance on olfaction, which explains  the relaxation of selective pressure that accounts for the accumulation of olfactory receptor pseudogenes in primates. However, recent evidence has rendered the vision priority hypothesis obsolete, because it was based on misleading data and assumptions. The hypothesis assumed that functional OR genes can be correlated to the olfactory capability of a given animal. In this view, a decrease in the fraction of functional OR genes would cause a reduction in the sense of smell; species with higher pseudogene count would also have a decreased olfactory ability. This assumption is flawed. Dogs, which are reputed to have good sense of smell, do not have the largest number of functional OR genes. Additionally, pseudogenes may be functional; 67% of human OR pseudogenes are expressed in the main olfactory epithelium, where they possibly have regulatory roles in gene expression. More importantly, the vision priority hypothesis assumed a drastic loss of functional OR genes at the branch of the

text: OWM

text: s, but this conclusion was biased by low-resolution data from only 100 OR genes. High-resolution studies instead agree that primates have lost OR genes in every branch from the MRCA to humans, indicating that the degeneration of OR gene repertories in primates cannot simply be explained by the changing capabilities in vision.

text: Each book targets one of the five senses. The first one is smell, and Cass and Max-Ernest have to deal with the Symphony of Smells. In the second book, the Sound Prism is involved, for hearing. The third book revolves around taste, in which the characters face a magical, super-dark chocolate. The fourth is sight and involves the double monocle of second sight. In the fifth, the finale, there is a mummy's finger concerned, for touch.

text: The parietal lobe plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, knowledge of numbers and their relations, and in the manipulation of objects. Its function also includes processing information relating to the sense of touch.  Portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visuospatial processing. Although multisensory in nature, the posterior parietal cortex is often referred to by vision scientists as the dorsal stream of vision (as opposed to the ventral stream in the temporal lobe). This dorsal stream has been called both the "where" stream (as in spatial vision) and the "how" stream (as in vision for action). The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) receives somatosensory and/or visual input, which then, through motor signals, controls movement of the arm, hand, as well as eye movements.

text: The parietal lobe plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, knowledge of numbers and their relations, and in the manipulation of objects. Its function also includes processing information relating to the sense of touch.  Portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visuospatial processing. Although multisensory in nature, the posterior parietal cortex is often referred to by vision scientists as the dorsal stream of vision (as opposed to the ventral stream in the

text: temporal lobe

text: ). This dorsal stream has been called both the "where" stream (as in spatial vision) and the "how" stream (as in vision for action). The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) receives somatosensory and/or visual input, which then, through motor signals, controls movement of the arm, hand, as well as eye movements.

text: Human emotions can be easily evoked by different cues, and the sense of touch is one of the most emotionally charged channels. Affective haptic devices produce different senses of touch including kinesthetic and coetaneous channels. Kinesthetic stimulations, which are produced by forces exerted on the body, are sensed by mechanoreceptors in the tendons and muscles. On the other hand, mechanoreceptors in the skin layers are responsible for the perception of cutaneous stimulation. Different types of tactile corpuscles allow us sensing thermal property of the object, pressure, vibration frequency, and stimuli location.

text: Even though the work is performed by a female voice, the text does not reveal whether the "voice" is male or female. The first aria relates how beautiful eyes cause the singer to languish and die. The second aria tells how blazing eyes cause the singer both pleasure and pain.

text: When asked "how did [ABBA] manage to make such a ridiculous and quite banal song [as Dum Dum Diddle] come alive", Björn Again founder Rod Leissle said "I think ABBA had a special quality about them. They could put ridiculous lyrics into a song, and because they were fundamentally great songwriters they could make it work. A line like 'Dum Dum Diddle, to be your fiddle' doesn't really make a great deal of sense, but it still works because it's something you can sing along to and enjoy".

text: Its fruit bodies are of little culinary interest, and, contrary to what is suggested by the common name, are often described as inedible by field guides. However, it has also been reported that, while it is little known, the species is in fact edible, with Charles McIlvaine even considering it good. By comparison, American mycologists Alan Bessette and Walter J. Sundberg describe the species as edible, but describe the taste as "bland". In the field, the flesh has no discernible smell or taste.

text: Its fruit bodies are of little culinary interest, and, contrary to what is suggested by the common name, are often described as inedible by field guides. However, it has also been reported that, while it is little known, the species is in fact edible, with

text: Charles McIlvaine

text: even considering it good. By comparison, American mycologists Alan Bessette and Walter J. Sundberg describe the species as edible, but describe the taste as "bland". In the field, the flesh has no discernible smell or taste.

text: While his radar sense mostly compensates for his blindness, it has certain limitations. He cannot perceive color without touch, and he can only read printed matter if the ink is raised enough for his sense of touch.  Most photographs, televisions, and computer screens are blank to him. However, the radar sense has shown on numerous occasions the ability to see through walls and fabrics. The radar sense also grants him an omnidirectional field of vision. These two latter abilities are the most notable advantages the radar has over normal vision.

text: Among his publications are the books Making Sense of Wine (1989), Making Sense of Burgundy (1990), Making Sense of California Wine, (1992), Making Sense of Italian Wine (2006) and Matt Kramer on Wine.

text: This task looks at the integration of the senses more specifically as it is a visual motor test where the participants learn a new motor skill involving hand–eye coordination. Evidence is shown for procedural memory as amnesic participants are able to learn and retain this task. Drawing the image is the work of your procedural memory; once you figure out how to draw the image in the mirror you have little difficulty the second time. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease are not able to recall the skills acquired in a mirror tracing task, but they acquire the procedural performance ability regardless.

text: In 2012, the first remote sensing satellite project was completed. Suparco set up its own version of Global navigation satellite system (GNS) and immediately acquired the Beidou navigation system of China for this satellite in September 2012. Currently three Satellites are under Design by SUPARCO in collaboration with different universities throughout the country. According to SUPARCO, first satellite of this program is scheduled to launch in 2017, and it is visioned to provide help in exploiting the potentials of space technologies for natural resource surveying and environmental monitoring.

text: In 2012, the first remote sensing satellite project was completed. Suparco set up its own version of

text: Global navigation satellite system

text: (GNS) and immediately acquired the

text: Beidou navigation system

text: of China for this satellite in September 2012. Currently three Satellites are under Design by SUPARCO in collaboration with different universities throughout the country. According to SUPARCO, first satellite of this program is scheduled to launch in 2017, and it is visioned to provide help in exploiting the potentials of space technologies for natural resource surveying and environmental monitoring.

text: The tour involves all the senses. Those who take the tour can smell the hops, taste fresh wort, feel the temperature of roasted barley, see a seven foot high hologram monk, hear the sounds of monastery halls, and taste a pint of Smithwick's at the end of the tour.

text: The tour involves all the senses. Those who take the tour can smell the

text: hops

text: , taste fresh

text: wort

text: , feel the temperature of

text: roasted barley

text: , see a seven foot high hologram monk, hear the sounds of monastery halls, and taste a pint of Smithwick's at the end of the tour.

text: Carrados makes use of his remaining senses in such a way that his blindness is often not immediately apparent to others. A wealthy, cultured and urbane man, he is an expert numismatist with a large private collection of bronzes, and is a specialist in forgeries. Carrados can read print by finger-touch, uses a typewriter and smokes the most desirable and unobtainable cigars. He has a trusted (sighted) manservant named Parkinson (who is trained to be highly observant but without placing his own interpretations on what he observes) and also a secretary, Mr Greatorex.

text: Carrados makes use of his remaining senses in such a way that his blindness is often not immediately apparent to others. A wealthy, cultured and urbane man, he is an expert

text: numismatist

text: with a large private collection of bronzes, and is a specialist in forgeries. Carrados can read print by finger-touch, uses a

text: typewriter

text: and smokes the most desirable and unobtainable

text: cigars

text: . He has a trusted (sighted)

text: manservant

text: named Parkinson (who is trained to be highly observant but without placing his own interpretations on what he observes) and also a secretary, Mr Greatorex.

text: In 1986, Smith moved to Japan to try to license manga for publication in America, having previously made arrangements with Eclipse Comics to provide the publication support.  Studio Proteus was designed to be a "packager", delivering completed materials to an existing publisher.  Studio Proteus would be responsible for choice (with approval of the American publisher), acquisition (contracts and negotiations with the licensor), and production of the translation and lettering, delivering completed pages to the publisher.  The publisher would be responsible for advertising and soliciting sales, arranging for distribution, plus collection and disbursement of income.  While the industry term "packager" is more accurate, to avoid confusion the relationship was generally referred to as "co-publishing".  Smith preferred to work on a profit-sharing basis, believing it led to a greater sense of responsibility on both sides.  Smith also insisted on shared ownership of the derivative copyright in the translations, which was to save his company in the future.  By the early nineties, Studio Proteus was working with three publishers: Eclipse Comics, Innovation Publishing and Dark Horse. Work with Eclipse had begun within a few months of Smith's first trip to Japan.  When Eclipse did not want to open any more publishing slots for manga, Smith went to the San Diego Comic Con in 1988 and licensed Johji Manabe's Outlanders to the fledgling Dark Horse Comics. Smith originally was unable to sell the comic to Dark Horse, but met fantasy writer Raymond E. Feist for dinner that evening.  Feist gave Smith the advice he considers the most valuable business advice of his career: "Don't tell them how good it is; tell them how much money they are going to make."  The following day Smith sold Outlanders to Dark Horse and Yuzo Takada's 3x3 Eyes to Innovation.

text: In 1986, Smith moved to Japan to try to license manga for publication in America, having previously made arrangements with Eclipse Comics to provide the publication support.  Studio Proteus was designed to be a "packager", delivering completed materials to an existing publisher.  Studio Proteus would be responsible for choice (with approval of the American publisher), acquisition (contracts and negotiations with the licensor), and production of the translation and lettering, delivering completed pages to the publisher.  The publisher would be responsible for advertising and soliciting sales, arranging for distribution, plus collection and disbursement of income.  While the industry term "packager" is more accurate, to avoid confusion the relationship was generally referred to as "co-publishing".  Smith preferred to work on a profit-sharing basis, believing it led to a greater sense of responsibility on both sides.  Smith also insisted on shared ownership of the derivative copyright in the translations, which was to save his company in the future.  By the early nineties, Studio Proteus was working with three publishers: Eclipse Comics,

text: Innovation Publishing

text: and

text: Dark Horse

text: . Work with Eclipse had begun within a few months of Smith's first trip to Japan.  When Eclipse did not want to open any more publishing slots for manga, Smith went to the San Diego Comic Con in 1988 and licensed

text: Johji Manabe

text: 's

text: Outlanders

text: to the fledgling Dark Horse Comics. Smith originally was unable to sell the comic to Dark Horse, but met fantasy writer

text: Raymond E. Feist

text: for dinner that evening.  Feist gave Smith the advice he considers the most valuable business advice of his career: "Don't tell them how good it is; tell them how much money they are going to make."  The following day Smith sold Outlanders to Dark Horse and

text: Yuzo Takada

text: 's

text: 3x3 Eyes

text: to Innovation.

text: The Allmusic review by Richard S. Ginell awarded the album 4 stars stating "Bollani can improvise on Prokofiev, trip along through a Dixieland standard... turn out splendidly intricate paraphrases... He also likes to make improbable associations... For the most part, all of this is filtered through a distinct, poetic, never flashy for its own sake, improvising personality, a lovely touch, and a concise sense of structure.".

text: The

text: Allmusic

text: review by Richard S. Ginell awarded the album 4 stars stating "Bollani can improvise on Prokofiev, trip along through a Dixieland standard... turn out splendidly intricate paraphrases... He also likes to make improbable associations... For the most part, all of this is filtered through a distinct, poetic, never flashy for its own sake, improvising personality, a lovely touch, and a concise sense of structure.".

text: The full name of SENSE Lab  is Sensory Encoding and Neuro- Sensory Engineering Lab in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It integrates Engineering and physiologic sciences in hearing (communication) and balance.

text: The full name of SENSE Lab  is

text: Sensory

text: Encoding and Neuro- Sensory Engineering Lab in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It integrates

text: Engineering

text: and

text: physiologic sciences

text: in

text: hearing

text: (communication) and

text: balance

text: In 1943, Margaret Sweeny had a near fatal fall down a lift shaft while visiting her chiropodist on Bond Street. "I fell forty feet to the bottom of the lift shaft", she later recalled. "The only thing that saved me was the lift cable, which broke my fall. I must have clutched at it, for it was later found that all my finger nails were torn off. I apparently fell on to my knees and cracked the back of my head against the wall". After her recovery, Sweeny's friends noted that not only had she lost all sense of taste and smell due to nerve damage, she also had become sexually voracious. As she once reportedly said, "Go to bed early and often". Given her numerous earlier romantic escapades, including an affair with the married George, Duke of Kent in her youth, this may have been a change in degree rather than predisposition.

text: In 1943, Margaret Sweeny had a near fatal fall down a

text: lift

text: shaft while visiting her

text: chiropodist

text: on

text: Bond Street

text: . "I fell forty feet to the bottom of the lift shaft", she later recalled. "The only thing that saved me was the lift cable, which broke my fall. I must have clutched at it, for it was later found that all my finger nails were torn off. I apparently fell on to my knees and cracked the back of my head against the wall". After her recovery, Sweeny's friends noted that not only had she lost all sense of taste and smell due to nerve damage, she also had become sexually voracious. As she once reportedly said, "Go to bed early and often". Given her numerous earlier romantic escapades, including an affair with the married

text: George, Duke of Kent

text: in her youth, this may have been a change in degree rather than predisposition.

text: In virology, the genome of an RNA virus can be said to be either positive-sense, also known as a "plus-strand", or negative-sense, also known as a "minus-strand". In most cases, the terms sense and strand are used interchangeably, making such terms as positive-strand equivalent to positive-sense, and plus-strand equivalent to plus-sense. Whether a virus genome is positive-sense or negative-sense can be used as a basis for classifying viruses.

text: In

text: virology

text: , the

text: genome

text: of an

text: RNA virus

text: can be said to be either positive-sense, also known as a "plus-strand", or negative-sense, also known as a "minus-strand". In most cases, the terms sense and strand are used interchangeably, making such terms as positive-strand equivalent to positive-sense, and plus-strand equivalent to plus-sense. Whether a

text: virus genome

text: is positive-sense or negative-sense can be used as a basis for classifying viruses.

text: In 1928, the German composer  published a paper about "Raummusik" (spatial music), which is an entirely different sense of the term. Karlheinz Stockhausen, who became a colleague of Beyer in Cologne in 1953, used the expression "space music" in this sense when describing his early development as a composer: "The first revolution occurred from 1952/53 as musique concrète, electronic tape music, and space music, entailing composition with transformers, generators, modulators, magnetophones, etc., the integration of all concrete and abstract (synthetic) possibilities within sound (also all noises) and the controlled projection of sound in space." In the sense meant here, he stated in 1967, "Several have commented that my electronic music sounds 'like on a different star,' or 'like in outer space.' Many have said that when hearing this music, they have sensations as if flying at an infinitely high speed, and then again, as if immobile in an immense space."

text: In 1928, the German composer  published a paper about "Raummusik" (

text: spatial music

text: ), which is an entirely different sense of the term.

text: Karlheinz Stockhausen

text: , who became a colleague of Beyer in Cologne in 1953, used the expression "space music" in this sense when describing his early development as a composer: "The first revolution occurred from 1952/53 as musique concrète, electronic tape music, and space music, entailing composition with transformers, generators, modulators, magnetophones, etc., the integration of all concrete and abstract (synthetic) possibilities within sound (also all noises) and the controlled projection of sound in space." In the sense meant here, he stated in 1967, "Several have commented that my electronic music sounds 'like on a different star,' or 'like in outer space.' Many have said that when hearing this music, they have sensations as if flying at an infinitely high speed, and then again, as if immobile in an immense space."

text: Saccular acoustic sensitivity  is a measurement of the ear's affectability to sound. The saccule's normal function is to keep the body balanced, but it is believed to have some hearing function for special frequencies and tones. Saccular acoustic sensitivity is considered to be simply an extension of the sense of hearing through the use of the saccule.

text: Saccular acoustic sensitivity  is a measurement of the

text: ear

text: 's affectability to sound. The

text: saccule

text: 's normal function is to keep the body balanced, but it is believed to have some hearing function for special

text: frequencies

text: and

text: tones

text: . Saccular acoustic sensitivity is considered to be simply an extension of the

text: sense of hearing

text: through the use of the saccule.

text: All of Touch’s employees are Lebanese. In November 2011, Touch launched 3G/HSPA+ service in the country meanwhile the company planned the construction of 50 sites that will provide 4G coverage.

text: Two different types of spectrum measurement will be done by the CPE: in-band and out-of-band. The in-band measurement consists in sensing the actual channel that is being used by the BS and CPE. The out-of-band measurement will consist in sensing the rest of the channels. The MAC layer will perform two different types of sensing in either in-band or out-of-band measurements: fast sensing and fine sensing. Fast sensing will consist in sensing at speeds of under 1ms per channel. This sensing is performed by the CPE and the BS and the BS's will gather all the information and will decide if there is something new to be done. The fine sensing takes more time (approximately 25 ms per channel or more) and it is used based on the outcome of the previous fast sensing mechanism.

text: Haptic technology, or haptics, is a tactile feedback technology which takes advantage of the sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. Several printers and wax jet printers have the capability of producing raised line drawings. There are also handheld devices that use an array of vibrating pins to present a tactile outline of the characters or text under the viewing window of the device.

text: Haptic technology

text: , or haptics, is a

text: tactile feedback

text: technology which takes advantage of the sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. Several

text: printers

text: and wax jet printers have the capability of producing raised line drawings. There are also handheld devices that use an array of vibrating pins to present a tactile outline of the characters or text under the viewing window of the device.

text: Carnivora have a simple stomach adapted to digest primarily meat, as compared to the elaborate digestive systems of herbivorous animals, which are necessary to break down tough, complex plant fibers. The caecum is either absent or short and simple, and the colon is not sacculated or much wider than the small intestine. Most species of Carnivora are, to some degree, omnivorous, except the Felidae and Pinnipedia, which are obligate carnivores. Most have highly developed senses, especially vision and hearing, and often a highly acute sense of smell in many species, such as in the Canoidea. They are excellent runners: some are long-distance runners, but more commonly are sprinters. Even bears and raccoons, although seemingly slow and clumsy, are capable of remarkable bursts of speed.

text: Carnivora have a simple stomach adapted to digest primarily meat, as compared to the elaborate digestive systems of herbivorous animals, which are necessary to break down tough, complex plant fibers. The

text: caecum

text: is either absent or short and simple, and the colon is not

text: sacculated

text: or much wider than the small intestine. Most species of Carnivora are, to some degree, omnivorous, except the Felidae and Pinnipedia, which are obligate carnivores. Most have highly developed senses, especially vision and hearing, and often a highly acute sense of smell in many species, such as in the Canoidea. They are excellent runners: some are long-distance runners, but more commonly are sprinters. Even bears and raccoons, although seemingly slow and clumsy, are capable of remarkable bursts of speed.

text: The author imagines a statue organized inwardly like a man, animated by a soul which has never received an idea, into which no sense-impression has ever penetrated. He unlocks its senses one by one, beginning with smell, as the sense that contributes least to human knowledge. At its first experience of smell, the consciousness of the statue is entirely occupied by it; and this occupancy of consciousness is attention. The statue's smell-experience will produce pleasure or pain; and pleasure and pain will thenceforward be the master-principle which, determining all the operations of its mind, will raise it by degrees to all the knowledge of which it is capable. The next stage is memory, which is the lingering impression of the smell experience upon the attention: "memory is nothing more than a mode of feeling." From memory springs comparison: the statue experiences the smell, say, of a rose, while remembering that of a carnation; and "comparison is nothing more than giving one's attention to two things simultaneously." And "as soon as the statue has comparison it has judgment." Comparisons and judgments become habitual, are stored in the mind and formed into series, and thus arises the powerful principle of the association of ideas. From comparison of past and present experiences in respect of their pleasure-giving quality arises desire; it is desire that determines the operation of our faculties, stimulates the memory and imagination, and gives rise to the passions. The passions, also, are nothing but sensation transformed.

text: Horses have a great sense of balance, due partly to their ability to feel their footing and partly to highly developed proprioception—the unconscious sense of where the body and limbs are at all times. A horse's sense of touch is well developed. The most sensitive areas are around the eyes, ears, and nose. Horses are able to sense contact as subtle as an insect landing anywhere on the body.

text: Horses have a great sense of balance, due partly to their ability to feel their footing and partly to highly developed

text: proprioception

text: —the unconscious sense of where the body and limbs are at all times. A horse's

text: sense of touch

text: is well developed. The most sensitive areas are around the eyes, ears, and nose. Horses are able to sense contact as subtle as an insect landing anywhere on the body.

text: Knudsen's work has shown that vision is the dominant sense in changing the auditory sound map.  Binocular displacing prisms were used to shift owls’ visual world, which resulted in a corresponding shift in the sound map.  The disparity between the owls’ visual and auditory experience was reconciled by reinterpretation of auditory cues to match visual experience, even though the visual information was incorrect and the auditory was not.  Even when other sensory information indicates to the owl that its visual input is misleading, this input exerts an apparently innate dominance over the other senses.  In owls raised with displacing prisms, this persistent reliance on inaccurate information is particularly apparent: “Even though interaction with the environment from the beginning of life has proven to owls that their visual perception of stimulus source location is inaccurate, they nevertheless use vision to calibrate sound localization, which in this case leads to a gross error in sound localization”. This dominance does have limitations, however; in 1985, Eric Knudsen and Phyllis Knudsen conducted a study which showed that vision can alter the magnitude but not the sign of an auditory error.

text: Some fiction caricatured the current gender hierarchy by describing a matriarchal alternative without advocating for it. According to Karin Schönpflug, "Gerd Brantenberg's Egalia's Daughters is a caricature of powered gender relations which have been completely reversed, with the female sex on the top and the male sex a degraded, oppressed group"; "gender inequality is expressed through power inversion" and "all gender roles are reversed and women rule over a class of intimidated, effeminate men". "Egalia is not a typical example of gender inequality in the sense that a vision of a desirable matriarchy is created; Egalia is more a caricature of male hegemony by twisting gender hierarchy but not really offering a 'better world.

text: He wrote: Rock can be broken in short time, but you can not get it back artificially. Nature must be respected, and should be touched cautiously. By this way nature and humans can create brilliant work, that prove good national sense and civilized nature. ( "Kallio on lyhyessä ajassa rikki räjäytetty, mutta uutta ei sen tilalle voi keinotekoisesti saada. Luontoa on kunnioitettava, ja siihen on kajottava varovasti. Silloin luonto ja ihminen voivat loihtia suurenmoisia töitä, jotka todistavat tekijänsä ja kansakunnan hyvää aistia ja korkeaa sivistystasoa.")

text: Humans begin to lose their senses one at a time. Each loss is preceded by an outburst of an intense feeling or urge. First, people begin suffering uncontrollable bouts of crying and this is soon followed by the loss of their sense of smell. An outbreak of irrational panic and anxiety, closely followed by a bout of frenzied gluttony, precedes the loss of the sense of taste. The film depicts people trying to adapt to each loss and trying to carry on living as best they can, rediscovering their remaining senses as they do so. Michael and his co-workers do their best to cook food for people who cannot smell nor taste.

text: This definition of five senses has its origins in thinkers that came after Aristotle.  Aristotle himself, in De Sensu et Sensibilibus defined four senses: sight (associated with water because the eye contains water), sound (corresponding to air), smell (corresponding to fire), and touch (corresponding to earth).  Aristotle viewed taste as merely a specialized form of touch, which he in turn viewed as the primary sense (because all life-forms possess it).  He rejected the earlier view by Democritus that there was in fact only one sense, touch.

text: This definition of five senses has its origins in thinkers that came after Aristotle.  Aristotle himself, in

text: De Sensu et Sensibilibus

text: defined four senses: sight (associated with water because the eye contains water), sound (corresponding to air), smell (corresponding to fire), and touch (corresponding to earth).  Aristotle viewed taste as merely a specialized form of touch, which he in turn viewed as the primary sense (because all life-forms possess it).  He rejected the earlier view by

text: Democritus

text: that there was in fact only one sense, touch.

text: Vision is the dominant sense in cattle and they obtain almost 50% of their information visually.

text: Transient Truths provides the first book-length exposition and defense temporalism, the philosophical theory that the contents of propositions can change their truth-values along with changes in the world. Brogaard argues that temporal contents are contents and propositions in the full sense. The project involves an analysis of how we talk about and retain mental states over time, an examination of how the phenomenology of mental states bear on the content of mental states, an analysis of how we pass on information in temporally extended conversations, and a revival of a Priorian tense logic. Her view suggests a broader view according to which some types of representation have a determinate truth-value only relative to features about the subject who does the representing. If this view is right, successful semantic representation requires an eye on our own position in the world.

text: A hybrid of human and feline, Catspaw has the agility, speed, and heightened senses (smelling, hearing, and balance) of a cat, as well as retractable claws on her fingertips and toes. She has excellent night-vision and animal-like instincts.

text: A hybrid of human and

text: feline

text: , Catspaw has the agility, speed, and heightened senses (smelling, hearing, and balance) of a

text: cat

text: , as well as retractable claws on her fingertips and toes. She has excellent night-vision and animal-like instincts.

text: Some schools of thought in Buddhism (e.g., Dzogchen), consider perceived reality 'literally' unreal. As a prominent contemporary teacher, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu, puts it: "In a real sense, all the visions that we see in our lifetime are like a big dream [...]". In this context, the term 'visions' denotes not only visual perceptions, but appearances perceived through all senses, including sounds, smells, tastes and tactile sensations, and operations on received mental objects.

text: Some

text: schools of thought in Buddhism

text: (e.g.,

text: Dzogchen

text: ), consider perceived

text: reality

text: 'literally' unreal. As a prominent contemporary teacher,

text: Chögyal Namkhai Norbu

text: , puts it: "In a real sense, all the visions that we see in our lifetime are like a big dream [...]". In this context, the term 'visions' denotes not only visual perceptions, but appearances perceived through all senses, including sounds, smells, tastes and tactile sensations, and operations on received mental objects.

text: Touch is also an important aspect of how blind or visually impaired people perceive the world. Touch gives immense amount of information in the persons immediate surrounding. Feeling anything with detail gives off information on shape, size, texture, temperature, and many other qualities. Touch also helps with communication; braille is a form of communication in which people use their fingers to feel elevated bumps on a surface and can understand what is meant to be interpreted. There are some issues and limitations with touch as not all objects are accessible to feel, which makes it difficult to perceive the actual object. Another limiting factor is that the learning process of identifying objects with touch is much slower than identifying objects with sight. This is due to the fact the object needs to be approached and carefully felt until a rough idea can be constructed in the brain.

text: The majority problem is the problem of constructing a cellular automaton that, when run on any finite set of cells, can compute the value held by a majority of its cells.In a sense, Rule 184 solves this problem, as follows. if Rule 184 is run on a finite set of cells with periodic boundary conditions, with an unequal number of 0s and 1s, then each cell will eventually see two consecutive states of the majority value infinitely often, but will see two consecutive states of the minority value only finitely many times. The majority problem cannot be solved perfectly if it is required that all cells eventually stabilize to the majority state but the Rule 184 solution avoids this impossibility result by relaxing the criterion by which the automaton recognizes a majority.

text: The

text: majority problem

text: is the problem of constructing a cellular automaton that, when run on any finite set of cells, can compute the value held by a majority of its cells.In a sense, Rule 184 solves this problem, as follows. if Rule 184 is run on a finite set of cells with periodic boundary conditions, with an unequal number of 0s and 1s, then each cell will eventually see two consecutive states of the majority value infinitely often, but will see two consecutive states of the minority value only finitely many times. The majority problem cannot be solved perfectly if it is required that all cells eventually stabilize to the majority state but the Rule 184 solution avoids this impossibility result by relaxing the criterion by which the automaton recognizes a majority.

text: Pain can either be relegated to a specific part of the body or spread to the entire body. It is typically constant, and may be moderate to severe in intensity.  It is often made worse by touch, movement, emotions, and temperature changes, usually cold temperatures along with many other similar 'triggers'. Burning pain is the most common sensation, but patients also report pins and needles, pressing, lacerating, aching, and extreme bursts or constant sharp or unremitting excruciating pain. Individuals may have reduced sensitivity to touch in the areas affected by the pain, as if the part is 'falling asleep'. The burning and loss of sense of touch are usually, but not always, most severe on the distant parts of the body, such as the feet or hands, spreading until it is in some cases felt from head to toe. For some patients with intense affliction, there often can be unremitting nausea, causing vomiting. The pain can also bring on hyperventilation. Blood pressure can rise due to the pain.

text: Pain can either be relegated to a specific part of the body or spread to the entire body. It is typically constant, and may be moderate to severe in intensity.  It is often made worse by touch, movement, emotions, and temperature changes, usually cold temperatures along with many other similar 'triggers'. Burning pain is the most common sensation, but patients also report

text: pins and needles

text: , pressing, lacerating, aching, and extreme bursts or constant sharp or unremitting excruciating pain. Individuals may have reduced sensitivity to touch in the areas affected by the pain, as if the part is 'falling asleep'. The burning and loss of

text: sense of touch

text: are usually, but not always, most severe on the distant parts of the body, such as the feet or hands, spreading until it is in some cases felt from head to toe. For some patients with intense affliction, there often can be unremitting

text: nausea

text: , causing

text: vomiting

text: . The pain can also bring on

text: hyperventilation

text: Blood pressure

text: can rise due to the pain.

text: The human senses of sight and hearing have a very high dynamic range. A human is capable of hearing (and usefully discerning) anything from a quiet murmur in a soundproofed room to the sound of the loudest heavy metal concert. Such a difference can exceed 100 dB which represents a factor of 100,000 in amplitude and a factor 10,000,000,000 in power. A human can see objects in starlight (although colour differentiation is reduced at low light levels) or in bright sunlight, even though on a moonless night objects receive 1/1,000,000,000 of the illumination they would on a bright sunny day: that is a dynamic range of 90 dB.

text: The human senses of

text: sight

text: and

text: hearing

text: have a very high dynamic range. A human is capable of hearing (and usefully discerning) anything from a quiet murmur in a

text: soundproof

text: ed room to the sound of the loudest heavy metal concert. Such a difference can exceed 100

text: dB

text: which represents a factor of 100,000 in

text: amplitude

text: and a factor 10,000,000,000 in power. A human can see objects in starlight (although

text: colour differentiation

text: is reduced at low light levels) or in bright sunlight, even though on a moonless night objects receive 1/1,000,000,000 of the illumination they would on a bright sunny day: that is a dynamic range of 90 dB.

text: Much of the work considers perspective, how an object appears in space relative to the eye. For example, in proposition 8, Euclid argues that the perceived size of an object is not related to its distance from the eye by a simple proportion.

text: It is a trait of natural language that there is often more than one way to say something. Any logically valid option will usually find some currency in natural usage. Thus "erythrocyte maturation" and "erythrocytic maturation" can both be heard, the first using a noun adjunct and the second using an adjectival inflection. In some cases one of the equivalent forms has greater idiomaticness; thus  "cell cycle" is more commonly used than "cellular cycle". In some cases, each form tends to adhere to a certain sense; thus "face mask" is the normal term in hockey, and "facial mask" is heard more often in spa treatments. Although "spine cord" is not an idiomatic alternative to "spinal cord", in other cases, the options are arbitrarily interchangeable with negligible idiomatic difference; thus "spine injury" and "spinal injury" coexist and are equivalent from any practical viewpoint, as are "meniscus transplant" and "meniscal transplant". A special case in medical usage is "visual examination" versus "vision examination": the first typically means "an examination made visually", whereas the latter means "an examination of the patient's vision".

text: It is a trait of

text: natural language

text: that there is often more than one way to say something. Any logically valid option will usually find some currency in natural usage. Thus "erythrocyte maturation" and "erythrocytic maturation" can both be heard, the first using a noun adjunct and the second using an adjectival

text: inflection

text: . In some cases one of the equivalent forms has greater

text: idiomaticness

text: ; thus  "

text: cell cycle

text: " is more commonly used than "cellular cycle". In some cases, each form tends to adhere to a certain

text: sense

text: ; thus "

text: face mask

text: " is the normal term in hockey, and "

text: facial mask

text: " is heard more often in spa treatments. Although "spine cord" is not an idiomatic alternative to "spinal cord", in other cases, the options are arbitrarily interchangeable with negligible idiomatic difference; thus "spine injury" and "spinal injury" coexist and are equivalent from any practical viewpoint, as are "

text: meniscus transplant

text: " and "meniscal transplant". A special case in medical usage is "visual examination" versus "

text: vision examination

text: ": the first typically means "an examination made visually", whereas the latter means "an examination of the patient's vision".

text: In 2011, seven fossils of large, isolated compound eyes were described from the inland quarry site at Emu Bay, as well as the first well-preserved visual surfaces of the eyes of Anomalocaris. The latter specimens are consistent with anomalocaridids being closely related to arthropods as had been suspected. The find also indicated that advanced arthropod eyes had evolved very early, before the evolution of jointed legs or hardened exoskeletons. The eyes were 30 times more powerful than those of Trilobites, long thought to have had the most advanced eyes of any species contemporary with Anomalocaris and which were only able to sense night or day. With more than 16,000 lenses, the resolution of the  wide eyes would have been rivalled only by that of the modern dragonfly, which has 28,000 lenses in each eye.

text: In 2011, seven fossils of large, isolated

text: compound eye

text: s were described from the inland quarry site at

text: Emu Bay

text: , as well as the first well-preserved visual surfaces of the eyes of

text: Anomalocaris

text: . The latter specimens are consistent with anomalocaridids being closely related to

text: arthropod

text: s as had been suspected. The find also indicated that advanced arthropod eyes had evolved very early, before the evolution of jointed legs or hardened exoskeletons. The eyes were 30 times more powerful than those of

text: Trilobite

text: s, long thought to have had the most advanced eyes of any species contemporary with Anomalocaris and which were only able to sense night or day. With more than 16,000 lenses, the resolution of the  wide eyes would have been rivalled only by that of the modern

text: dragonfly

text: , which has 28,000 lenses in each eye.

text: More simply speaking for those who want a working definition of reputation, reputation is the sum of impressions held by a company's stakeholders. In other words, reputation is in the "eyes of the beholder". It need not be just a company's reputation but could be the reputation of an individual, country, brand, political party, industry. But the key point in reputation is not what the leadership insists but what others perceive it to be. For a company, its reputation is how esteemed it is in the eyes of its employees, customers, investors, talent, prospective candidates, competitors, analysts, alumni, regulators and the list goes on.

text: More simply speaking for those who want a working

text: definition

text: of reputation, reputation is the

text: sum

text: of impressions held by a

text: company

text: 's

text: stakeholder

text: s. In other words, reputation is in the "eyes of the beholder". It need not be just a company's reputation but could be the reputation of an individual, country,

text: brand

text: political party

text: industry

text: . But the key point in reputation is not what the

text: leadership

text: insists but what others perceive it to be. For a company, its reputation is how

text: esteem

text: ed it is in the eyes of its

text: employee

text: s,

text: customer

text: s,

text: investor

text: s,

text: talent

text: prospective

text: candidates,

text: competitor

text: s,

text: analyst

text: s,

text: alumni

text: regulators

text: and the list goes on.

text: In 1738 on the occasion of Maria Amalia of Saxony, the daughter of the polish king Augustus II the Strong visiting the villa, who had been married to King Charles of Naples and Sicily, the future Charles III of Spain, Andrea Giovanelli and his brother Benedetto decorated the facade of the Villa with the festive Pronaos and a precious entrance stairway by Giorgio Massari. On the balustrades are six allegorical statues representing the five  senses: the  Belvedere (sight/male), Il Odorato (smell/male), Il Tatto (touch/female), L'Udire (hearing/female), Il Gusto (taste/female) which are observed by La Ragione (top right). They were executed by Antonio Tarsia, Antonio Gai and by the brothers Paolo and Giuseppe Groppelli.

text: In 1738 on the occasion of

text: Maria Amalia of Saxony

text: , the daughter of the polish king

text: Augustus II the Strong

text: visiting the villa, who had been married to

text: King Charles of Naples and Sicily

text: , the future Charles III of Spain, Andrea Giovanelli and his brother Benedetto decorated the facade of the Villa with the festive

text: Pronaos

text: and a precious entrance stairway by

text: Giorgio Massari

text: . On the balustrades are six allegorical statues representing the five

text: senses

text: : the

text: Belvedere

text: (sight/male),

text: Il Odorato

text: (smell/male),

text: Il Tatto

text: (touch/female),

text: L'Udire

text: (hearing/female),

text: Il Gusto

text: (taste/female) which are observed by

text: La Ragione

text: (top right). They were executed by

text: Antonio Tarsia

text: Antonio Gai

text: and by the brothers Paolo and Giuseppe Groppelli.

text: Neurotology or neuro-otology is a branch of clinical medicine which studies and treats neurological disorders of the ear. It is a subspecialty of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, and is closely related to otology, and also draws on the fields of neurology and neurosurgery. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders. These specialists also work with audiologists and related sensory specialists.

text: Neurotology or neuro-otology is a branch of clinical medicine which studies and treats neurological disorders of the

text: ear

text: . It is a subspecialty of

text: otolaryngology

text: -head and neck surgery, and is closely related to

text: otology

text: , and also draws on the fields of

text: neurology

text: and

text: neurosurgery

text: . Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant

text: conductive hearing loss

text: , whereas neurotology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders. These specialists also work with

text: audiologist

text: s and related sensory specialists.

text: If we grasp Being, we will clarify the meaning of being, or "sense" of being ("Sinn des Seins"), where by "sense" Heidegger means that "in terms of which something becomes intelligible as something." According to Heidegger, as this sense of being precedes any notions of how or in what manner any particular being or beings exist, it is pre-conceptual, non-propositional, and hence pre-scientific. Thus, in Heidegger's view, fundamental ontology would be an explanation of the understanding preceding any other way of knowing, such as the use of logic, theory, specific ontology or act of reflective thought. At the same time, there is no access to being other than via beings themselves—hence pursuing the question of being inevitably means asking about a being with regard to its being. Heidegger argues that a true understanding of being (Seinsverständnis) can only proceed by referring to particular beings, and that the best method of pursuing being must inevitably, he says, involve a kind of hermeneutic circle, that is (as he explains in his critique of prior work in the field of hermeneutics), it must rely upon repetitive yet progressive acts of interpretation. "The methodological sense of phenomenological description is interpretation."

text: If we grasp Being, we will clarify the meaning of being, or "sense" of being ("Sinn des Seins"), where by "sense" Heidegger means that "in terms of which something becomes intelligible as something." According to Heidegger, as this sense of being precedes any notions of how or in what manner any particular being or beings exist, it is pre-conceptual, non-propositional, and hence pre-scientific. Thus, in Heidegger's view, fundamental ontology would be an explanation of the understanding preceding any other way of knowing, such as the use of logic, theory, specific ontology or act of reflective thought. At the same time, there is no access to being other than via beings themselves—hence pursuing the question of being inevitably means asking about a being with regard to its being. Heidegger argues that a true understanding of being (Seinsverständnis) can only proceed by referring to particular beings, and that the best method of pursuing being must inevitably, he says, involve a kind of

text: hermeneutic circle

text: , that is (as he explains in his critique of prior work in the field of

text: hermeneutics

text: ), it must rely upon repetitive yet progressive acts of interpretation. "The methodological sense of phenomenological description is interpretation."

text: Several measures of central tendency can be characterized as solving a variational problem, in the sense of the calculus of variations, namely minimizing variation from the center. That is, given a measure of statistical dispersion, one asks for a measure of central tendency that minimizes variation: such that variation from the center is minimal among all choices of center. In a quip, "dispersion precedes location". In the sense of L spaces, the correspondence is:

text: Several measures of central tendency can be characterized as solving a variational problem, in the sense of the

text: calculus of variations

text: , namely minimizing variation from the center. That is, given a measure of

text: statistical dispersion

text: , one asks for a measure of central tendency that minimizes variation: such that variation from the center is minimal among all choices of center. In a quip, "dispersion precedes location". In the sense of

text: L spaces

text: , the correspondence is:

text: Logic later gave her view of the band leader's vision: "I think Marianne felt that everyone was in a type of bondage—restricted, crushed, and alienated by modern materialistic society. The goal of our society is sense gratification—that is the only prize on offer. But one can never satisfy the senses; it is an impossible goal."

text: Civil penalties occupy a strange place in some legal systems - because they are not criminal penalties, the state need not meet a burden of proof that is "balance of probabilities"; but because the action is brought by the government, and some civil penalties can run into the millions of dollars, it would be uncomfortable to subject citizens to them by a burden of proof that is merely a "preponderance of the evidence." Therefore, the assessment of most civil penalties requires a finding of "clear and convincing evidence" before a civil defendant will be held liable. A defendant may well raise excuses, justifications, affirmative defenses,  and procedural defenses. An administrative law judge or hearing officer may oversee the proceedings and render a judgment. Judgment is made on the balance of probabilities. Meaning, if it is more than 50% likely that the accused is responsible then the accused shall be found guilty

text: Civil penalties occupy a strange place in some legal systems - because they are not criminal penalties, the state need not meet a

text: burden of proof

text: that is "

text: balance of probabilities

text: "; but because the action is brought by the government, and some civil penalties can run into the millions of dollars, it would be uncomfortable to subject citizens to them by a burden of proof that is merely a "

text: preponderance of the evidence

text: ." Therefore, the assessment of most civil penalties requires a finding of "

text: clear and convincing evidence

text: " before a civil defendant will be held liable. A defendant may well raise

text: excuses, justifications

text: affirmative defense

text: s,  and

text: procedural defense

text: s. An

text: administrative law judge

text: or

text: hearing officer

text: may oversee the proceedings and render a

text: judgment

text: . Judgment is made on the balance of probabilities. Meaning, if it is more than 50% likely that the accused is responsible then the accused shall be found guilty

text: A competing vision is that democratic citizenship may be founded on a "culture of participation". This orientation has sometimes been termed the civic-republican or classical conception of citizenship since it focuses on the importance of people practicing citizenship actively and finding places to do this. Unlike the liberal-individualist conception, the civic-republican conception emphasizes man's political nature, and sees citizenship as an active, not passive, activity. A general problem with this conception, according to critics, is that if this model is implemented, it may bring about other issues such as the free rider problem in which some people neglect basic citizenship duties and consequently get a free ride supported by the citizenship efforts of others. This view emphasizes the democratic participation inherent in citizenship, and can "channel legitimate frustrations and grievances" and bring people together to focus on matters of common concern and lead to a politics of empowerment, according to theorist Dora Kostakopoulou. Like the liberal-individualist conception, it is concerned about government running roughshod over individuals, but unlike the liberal-individualist conception, it is relatively more concerned that government will interfere with popular places to practice citizenship in the public sphere, rather than take away or lessen particular citizenship rights. This sense of citizenship has been described as "active and public citizenship", and has sometimes been called a "revolutionary idea". According to one view, most people today live as citizens according to the liberal-individualist conception but wished they lived more according to the civic-republican ideal.

text: A competing vision is that democratic citizenship may be founded on a "culture of participation". This orientation has sometimes been termed the civic-republican or classical conception of citizenship since it focuses on the importance of people practicing citizenship actively and finding places to do this. Unlike the liberal-individualist conception, the civic-republican conception emphasizes man's political nature, and sees citizenship as an active, not passive, activity. A general problem with this conception, according to critics, is that if this model is implemented, it may bring about other issues such as the

text: free rider problem

text: in which some people neglect basic citizenship duties and consequently get a free ride supported by the citizenship efforts of others. This view emphasizes the democratic participation inherent in citizenship, and can "channel legitimate frustrations and grievances" and bring people together to focus on matters of common concern and lead to a politics of empowerment, according to theorist Dora Kostakopoulou. Like the liberal-individualist conception, it is concerned about government running roughshod over individuals, but unlike the liberal-individualist conception, it is relatively more concerned that government will interfere with popular places to practice citizenship in the

text: public sphere

text: , rather than take away or lessen particular citizenship rights. This sense of citizenship has been described as "active and public citizenship", and has sometimes been called a "revolutionary idea". According to one view, most people today live as citizens according to the liberal-individualist conception but wished they lived more according to the civic-republican ideal.

text: Each of the application areas described above employ a range of computer vision tasks; more or less well-defined measurement problems or processing problems, which can be solved using a variety of methods. Some examples of typical computer vision tasks are presented below.

text: Vision problems in infants are both common and easily treatable if addressed early by an ophthalmologist.

text: He has contributed in the fields of Digital Image Processing, Remote Sensing, Control Systems, artificial intelligence, computer science, computer vision, machine learning, game theory, power systems, pattern recognition, neural networks. He designed and fabricated for the first time in India, Grey Scale and color drum scanners for computer picture processing that has won him NRDC Award.

text: He has contributed in the fields of

text: Digital Image Processing

text: Remote Sensing

text: Control Systems

text: artificial intelligence

text: computer science

text: computer vision

text: machine learning

text: game theory

text: power systems

text: pattern recognition

text: neural networks

text: . He designed and fabricated for the first time in India, Grey Scale and color drum scanners for computer picture processing that has won him NRDC Award.

text: To estimate a robust model from the data, a common method used is known as RANSAC.<br>The name RANSAC is an abbreviation for "RANdom SAmple Consensus". It is an iterative method for robust parameter estimation to fit mathematical models from sets of observed data points which may contain outliers. The algorithm is non-deterministic in the sense that it produces a reasonable result only with a certain probability, with this probability increasing as more iterations are performed. It being a probabilistic method means that different results will be obtained for every time the algorithm is run. The RANSAC algorithm has found many applications in computer vision, including the simultaneous solving of the correspondence problem and the estimation of the fundamental matrix related to a pair of stereo cameras.The basic assumption of the method is that the data consists of "inliers", i.e., data whose distribution can be explained by some mathematical model, and "outliers" which are data that do not fit the model. Outliers are considered points which come from noise, erroneous measurements, or simply incorrect data.For the problem of homography estimation, RANSAC works by trying to fit several models using some of the point pairs and then checking if the models were able to relate most of the points. The best model, i.e., the homography which produces the highest number of correct matches, is then chosen as the answer for the problem thus if the ratio of number of outliers to data points is very low the RANSAC outputs a decent model fitting the data.

text: To estimate a robust model from the data, a common method used is known as

text: RANSAC

text: For a strikingly good pitch, one must know exactly what the other party wants and doesn't want. Be informed of as much information as possible about the candidate being pitched to. Focus on a virtual balance of the candidate's needs and wants to maximize one's leverage when in the process of a pitch. Overall meaning: one gets only one chance to make a good first impression. At least two senses must connect: vision, and hearing. But the more one can connect at a single point of impact, the better.

text: For a strikingly good pitch, one must know exactly what the other party wants and doesn't want. Be informed of as much

text: information

text: as possible about the candidate being pitched to. Focus on a virtual balance of the candidate's

text: need

text: s and

text: want

text: s to maximize one's leverage when in the process of a pitch. Overall meaning: one gets only one chance to make a good first impression. At least two senses must connect: vision, and hearing. But the more one can connect at a single point of impact, the better.

text: Commercial implementations range from consumer devices such as the Sony Eyetoy or games such as Dance Dance Revolution to more esoteric and pragmatic uses such as machine vision used in the automation of quality inspection along a factory assembly line. Exergaming can be considered a form of physical computing. Other implementations of physical computing include voice recognition, which senses and interprets sound waves via microphones or other soundwave sensing devices, and computer vision, which applies algorithms to a rich stream of video data typically sensed by some form of camera. Haptic interfaces are also an example of physical computing, though in this case the computer is generating the physical stimulus as opposed to sensing it. Both motion capture and gesture recognition are fields that rely on computer vision to work their magic.

text: Commercial implementations range from consumer devices such as the

text: Sony Eyetoy

text: or games such as

text: Dance Dance Revolution

text: to more esoteric and pragmatic uses such as

text: machine vision

text: used in the automation of quality inspection along a factory

text: assembly line

text: Exergaming

text: can be considered a form of physical computing. Other implementations of physical computing include

text: voice recognition

text: , which senses and interprets sound waves via microphones or other soundwave sensing devices, and

text: computer vision

text: , which applies algorithms to a rich stream of

text: video

text: data typically sensed by some form of camera.

text: Haptic

text: interfaces are also an example of physical computing, though in this case the computer is generating the physical stimulus as opposed to sensing it. Both

text: motion capture

text: and

text: gesture recognition

text: are fields that rely on computer vision to work their magic.

text: Second Stage Lensmen is a science fiction novel by author Edward E. Smith, Ph.D.. It was first published in book form in 1953 by Fantasy Press in an edition of 4,934 copies. The novel was originally serialized in the magazine Astounding beginning in 1941. Second Stage Lensmen is the fifth volume in the Lensman series, and the last to feature Kimball Kinnison as the most powerful Lensman in the service of the Galactic Patrol.  Second Stage Lensmen also features the first female Lensman, Clarissa MacDougall.  The story mainly focuses upon the exploits of the "Second Stage" Lensmen: those who have gone through the advanced Arisian training Kinnison underwent in Galactic Patrol. These four superior Lensmen, Kinnison, Worsel, Tregonsee, and Nadreck, are armed with mental powers allowing them to control the minds of others and see, hear, and feel without using their physical senses (the "sense of perception"). This elite cadre allows Civilization to tip the balance against Boskone as Second Stage Lensmen abilities are ideally suited to spying and information gathering.

text: Second Stage Lensmen is a

text: science fiction

text: novel by author

text: Edward E. Smith, Ph.D.

text: . It was first published in book form in 1953 by

text: Fantasy Press

text: in an edition of 4,934 copies. The novel was originally serialized in the magazine

text: Astounding

text: beginning in 1941. Second Stage Lensmen is the fifth volume in the

text: Lensman series

text: , and the last to feature Kimball Kinnison as the most powerful Lensman in the service of the Galactic Patrol.  Second Stage Lensmen also features the first female Lensman, Clarissa MacDougall.  The story mainly focuses upon the exploits of the "Second Stage" Lensmen: those who have gone through the advanced Arisian training Kinnison underwent in

text: Galactic Patrol

text: . These four superior Lensmen, Kinnison, Worsel, Tregonsee, and Nadreck, are armed with mental powers allowing them to control the minds of others and see, hear, and feel without using their physical senses (the "sense of perception"). This elite cadre allows Civilization to tip the balance against Boskone as Second Stage Lensmen abilities are ideally suited to spying and information gathering.

text: A temporary loss of smell can be caused by a blocked nose or infection. In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of olfactory receptor neurons in the nose or by brain injury in which there is damage to the olfactory nerve or damage to brain areas that process smell (see olfactory system). The lack of the sense of smell at birth, usually due to genetic factors, is referred to as congenital anosmia. Family members of the patient suffering from congenital anosmia are often found with similar histories; this suggests that the anosmia may follow an autosomal dominant pattern. Anosmia may very occasionally be an early sign of a degenerative brain disease such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

text: A temporary loss of smell can be caused by a blocked

text: nose

text: or infection. In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of

text: olfactory receptor neuron

text: s in the nose or by

text: brain injury

text: in which there is damage to the

text: olfactory nerve

text: or damage to brain areas that process smell (see

text: olfactory system

text: ). The lack of the sense of smell at birth, usually due to genetic factors, is referred to as congenital anosmia. Family members of the patient suffering from congenital anosmia are often found with similar histories; this suggests that the anosmia may follow an autosomal dominant pattern. Anosmia may very occasionally be an early sign of a degenerative brain disease such as

text: Parkinson's disease

text: and

text: Alzheimer's disease

text: Castle is a shrewd political operator with a brilliant understanding of how the legal ramifications of a case go beyond the innocence or guilt of a particular defendant. George plied his trade as an independent barrister - working both prosecution and defence cases - before being snapped up by the CPS in 1990 when he was at the top of his profession. He is driven by a sense of justice and it was considered a coup for the CPS to get him. He has at least one child.

text: A Lens Controller is device that controls motorized photographic lens functions such as zoom, focus, and iris or aperture. Lens controllers can be found internally in modern still camera photographic lenses and as a stand-alone unit in machine vision, remote sensing, optoelectronics systems, and security applications.

text: A Lens Controller is device that controls motorized

text: photographic lens

text: functions such as

text: zoom

text: focus

text: , and

text: iris

text: or aperture. Lens controllers can be found internally in modern still camera

text: photographic lens

text: es and as a stand-alone unit in

text: machine vision

text: remote sensing

text: optoelectronics

text: systems, and security applications.

text: Police Commissioner James M. Hepbron was subject to a hearing led by Delegate Jerome Robinson February 19, 1959, specifications against the commissioner included flouting of rights, errors in judgment and brutal concepts of policing.  In the 90-day public hearing and investigation, fourth district delegate Robinson stated that the commissioner "demonstrate[d] lack of a sense of propriety and in several respects a lack of comprehension on the part of the commissioner of the nature of his duties, the functions of the department, and the obligations to the citizenry"    During the public hearing Hepbron incessantly left the hearing and/or refused to answer specifications against him.  Delegate Jerome Robinson, the igniter of the hearing, had a long history of challenging wiretapping and search warrants as unconstitutional, citing they violate natural rights of the citizen.	During the hearing, Delegate Robinson urged the police commissioner to resign and that his resignation would be in the interest of the public.  Robinson's contempt for Hepbron was clear when he wrote, "it is obvious that he has outlived his position. His administration has produced continuing deterioration and the demoralization of the department".  The charges against Hepbron include unlawful wiretapping, phony evidence planted for the purpose of obtaining convictions, perjury, mass arrests and "instances of unbelievable brutality" and illegal detention, all of which had occurred in alarming numbers. 	Charges included,1. Flouting of the civil and constitutional rights of the citizens of Baltimore City.  Illegal taps of private and public telephone lines.2.  Errors in judgment and administration.3.  Concepts of policing which, because of brutality and insentivity, are shocking to decent thinking people.

text: Police Commissioner James M. Hepbron was subject to a hearing led by Delegate Jerome Robinson February 19, 1959, specifications against the commissioner included flouting of rights, errors in judgment and brutal concepts of policing.  In the 90-day public hearing and investigation, fourth district delegate Robinson stated that the commissioner "demonstrate[d] lack of a sense of propriety and in several respects a lack of comprehension on the part of the commissioner of the nature of his duties, the functions of the department, and the obligations to the citizenry"    During the public hearing Hepbron incessantly left the hearing and/or refused to answer specifications against him.  Delegate Jerome Robinson, the igniter of the hearing, had a long history of challenging wiretapping and search warrants as unconstitutional, citing they violate natural rights of the citizen.	During the hearing, Delegate Robinson urged the police commissioner to resign and that his resignation would be in the interest of the public.  Robinson's contempt for Hepbron was clear when he wrote, "it is obvious that he has outlived his position. His administration has produced continuing deterioration and the demoralization of the department".  The charges against Hepbron include unlawful wiretapping, phony evidence planted for the purpose of obtaining convictions,

text: perjury

text: , mass arrests and "instances of unbelievable brutality" and illegal detention, all of which had occurred in alarming numbers. 	Charges included,1. Flouting of the civil and constitutional rights of the citizens of Baltimore City.  Illegal taps of private and public telephone lines.2.  Errors in judgment and administration.3.  Concepts of policing which, because of brutality and insentivity, are shocking to decent thinking people.

text: Two strands of complementary sequence are referred to as sense and anti-sense. The sense strand is, generally, the transcribed sequence of DNA or the RNA that was generated in transcription. While the anti-sense strand is the strand that is complementary to the sense sequence.

text: Two strands of complementary sequence are referred to as

text: sense

text: and

text: anti-sense

text: . The sense strand is, generally, the transcribed sequence of DNA or the RNA that was generated in transcription. While the anti-sense strand is the strand that is complementary to the sense sequence.

text: There are various strategic leadership styles. With strategic leadership being such a broad topic Rowe differentiates between strategic, visionary and managerial leaders. (Rowe, 2001). Strategic leadership presumes a shared vision of what an organization is to be, so that the day-to-day decision making or emergent strategy process is consistent with this vision. Managerial leaders influence only the actions and decisions of those with whom they work. They are involved in situations and contexts characteristic of day-to-day activities and are concerned with and more comfortable in functional areas of responsibilities. In contrast visionary leadership is future oriented and concerned with risk taking and visionary leaders are not dependent on their organizations for their sense of who they are. Visionary leaders work from high risk positions, and seek out risky ventures, especially when the rewards are high (Rowe, 2001). Strategic Leadership in Education System

text: In computational linguistics, word-sense induction (WSI) or discrimination is an open problem of natural language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a word (i.e. meanings). Given that the output of word-sense induction is a set of senses for the target word (sense inventory), this task is strictly related to that of word-sense disambiguation (WSD), which relies on a predefined sense inventory and aims to solve the ambiguity of words in context.

text: In

text: computational linguistics

text: , word-sense induction (WSI) or discrimination is an

text: open problem

text: of

text: natural language processing

text: , which concerns the automatic identification of the

text: senses

text: of a

text: word

text: (i.e.

text: meanings

text: ). Given that the output of word-sense induction is a set of senses for the target word (sense inventory), this task is strictly related to that of

text: word-sense disambiguation

text: (WSD), which relies on a predefined sense inventory and aims to solve the

text: ambiguity

text: of words in context.

text: . In this sense the inverse problem of inferring

text: The Senses is a series of five oil paintings, completed  by Rembrandt, depicting the five senses. The whereabouts of one, representing the sense of taste, is unknown. Another, representing smell, was only re-identified in 2015.

text: The Senses is a series of five oil paintings, completed  by

text: Rembrandt

text: , depicting the

text: five senses

text: . The whereabouts of one, representing the sense of taste, is unknown. Another, representing smell, was only re-identified in 2015.

text: Abstract sense data is sense data without human judgement, sense data without human conception and yet evident to the senses, found in aesthetic experience. As opposed to; imaginary sense data which is more like a quasi substance and does not really exist; Imaginary sense data is abstract sense data as presented from the aestheticized senses to consciousness; i.e. imagination, power of reason and inner subjective states of self-awareness including: emotion, self-reflection, ego, and theory. The theory of abstract and imaginary sense data operates on the tacit definition of imagination as “a power mediating between the senses and the reason by virtue of representing perceptual objects without their presence”. Imaginary sense data are ‘imaginary’ per Immanuel Kant's analysis that imagination is the primary faculty of mind capable of synthesizing input from the senses into a world of objects. Abstract and imaginary sense data are key to understanding abstract art's relationship with the conscious and unconscious mind.

text: Abstract sense data is sense data without human judgement, sense data without human conception and yet evident to the senses, found in

text: aesthetic

text: experience. As opposed to; imaginary sense data which is more like a quasi substance and does not really exist; Imaginary sense data is abstract sense data as presented from the aestheticized senses to

text: consciousness

text: ; i.e. imagination, power of reason and inner subjective states of

text: self-awareness

text: including: emotion, self-reflection, ego, and theory. The theory of abstract and imaginary sense data operates on the tacit definition of imagination as “a power mediating between the senses and the reason by virtue of representing perceptual objects without their presence”. Imaginary sense data are ‘imaginary’ per

text: Immanuel Kant

text: 's analysis that imagination is the primary faculty of mind capable of synthesizing input from the senses into a world of objects. Abstract and imaginary sense data are key to understanding abstract art's relationship with the conscious and unconscious mind.

text: Sparsha (literally name; of Parbat Chimariya :;"Parbat Sparsha")Sparśa (Sanskrit; Pali: phassa) is a Buddhist term that is translated as "contact", "touching", "sensation", "sense impression", etc. It is defined as the coming together of three factors: the sense organ, the sense object, and sense consciousness (vijnana). For example, contact (sparsha) is said to occur at the coming together of the eye organ, a visual object, and the visual sense consciousness.

text: Sparsha (literally name; of Parbat Chimariya :;"Parbat Sparsha")Sparśa (Sanskrit; Pali: phassa) is a

text: Buddhist

text: term that is translated as "contact", "touching", "sensation", "sense impression", etc. It is defined as the coming together of three factors: the

text: sense organ

text: , the

text: sense object

text: , and

text: sense consciousness (vijnana)

text: . For example, contact (sparsha) is said to occur at the coming together of the eye organ, a visual object, and the visual sense consciousness.

text: Odor perception is a primal sense. The sense of smell enables pleasure, can subconsciously warn of danger, help locate mates, find food, or detect predators. Humans have a surprisingly good sense of smell (even though they only have 350 functional olfactory receptor genes compared to the 1,300 found in mice) correlated to an evolutionary decline in sense of smell. Human's remarkable sense of smell is just as good as many animals, and can distinguish a diversity of odors- approximately 10,000 scents. Bushdid et al. reported, however, that humans can distinguish about one trillion odors.

text: In the story, starting over is linked with the idea of identity in the sense of someone trying to create another life and a new vision for himself/herself. By the end of the story, however, Wes has lost all faith in the possibility of anyone genuinely starting afresh since as he puts it, "If I was somebody else, I wouldn't be me. But I'm who I am." To go through the "what if" situations and to pretend to start over is to try to become someone else and have someone else's life. Wes sees this as unrealistic and thus, makes the decision to give into the "self" he was originally, that of an alcoholic.

text: When the algorithm converges on a stable residual set, a final decision list of the target word is obtained. The most reliable collocations are at the top of the new list instead of the original seed words. The original untagged corpus is then tagged with sense labels and probabilities. The final decision list may now be applied to new data, the collocation with the highest rank in the list is used to classify the new data. For example, if the highest ranking collocation of the target word in the new data set is of sense A, then the target word is classified as sense A.

text: Counting slowly down from five to one...5, 4, 3, 2, and 1, imagine yourself sitting safely in this beautiful field. Look around using your senses and see the shapes and colors, hear the sounds of this safe place...a breath of wind rustles the tree leaves. Sense the fragrance of nature, the pungent earth, even the taste of safety. Lastly, touch the soft grass where you sit ("The Touch of Love").

text: On July 15, 2005, The League For Democracy Party (LDP) was founded. It was registered and officially recognized by Prakas (Announcement) of the Ministry of Interior No.792 Pr. K. Dated June 26, 2006. Having been the party Leader for eight years, he highlighted that the first sign he could understand about politics was the observation that Sam Rainsy Party always viewed problems as their solution, and when they addressed the people, they always raised only the problems. In each forum, they told the people about the problems and asked the people to vote for them, without suggesting the way in which the problems could be solved. He was continuously asking the question to himself, “why are not suggesting a way in which problems can be solved, and why are they just talking of the problems which everybody in the country is aware of?” In this regard, he emphasized that politicians are the ones who have progressive ideas. Talking about the problems will never suffice for one to be politicians. They must have a vision, with activities to achieve this vision. Having taken into account all existing parties, he knew that there were no parties which were good enough, and he decided to establish a new political party, the League for Democracy Party (LDP), to promote his vision.

text: Video game playing may be associated with vision problems. Extensive viewing of the screen can cause eye strain, as the cornea, pupil, and iris are not intended for mass viewing sessions of electronic devices. Using video games for too long may also cause headaches, dizziness, and chances of vomiting from focusing on a screen.

text: In order for brands to effectively communicate to customers, marketers must "…consider all touch points, or sources of contact, that a customer has with the brand". Touch points represent the channel stage in the traditional communication model, where a message travels from the sender to the receiver. Any point where a customer has an interaction with the brand - whether watching a television advertisement, hearing about a brand through word of mouth, or even noticing a branded license plate - defines a touch point. According to Dalen et al. (2010), every touch point has the "…potential to add positive - or suppress negative - associations to the brand's equity"  Thus a brand's IMC should cohesively deliver positive messages through appropriate touch points associated with its target market. One methodology involves using sensory stimuli touch points to activate customer emotion. For example, if a brand consistently uses a pleasant smell as a primary touch point, the brand has a much higher chance of creating a positive lasting effect on its customers' senses as well as memory.  Another way a brand can ensure that it is utilising the best communication channel, is by focusing on touch points that suit particular areas associated with customer experience. As suggested Figure 2, certain touch points link with a specific stage in customer-brand-involvement. For example, a brand may recognise that advertising touch points are most effective during the pre-purchase experience stage therefore they may target their advertisements to new customers rather than to existing customers. Overall, a brand has the ability to strengthen brand equity by using IMC branding communications through touch points.

text: In order for brands to effectively communicate to customers, marketers must "…consider all

text: touch point

text: s, or sources of contact, that a customer has with the brand". Touch points represent the channel stage in the traditional communication model, where a message travels from the sender to the receiver. Any point where a customer has an interaction with the brand - whether watching a television advertisement, hearing about a brand through word of mouth, or even noticing a branded license plate - defines a touch point. According to Dalen et al. (2010), every touch point has the "…potential to add positive - or suppress negative - associations to the brand's equity"  Thus a brand's IMC should cohesively deliver positive messages through appropriate touch points associated with its target market. One methodology involves using sensory stimuli touch points to activate customer emotion. For example, if a brand consistently uses a pleasant smell as a primary touch point, the brand has a much higher chance of creating a positive lasting effect on its customers' senses as well as memory.  Another way a brand can ensure that it is utilising the best communication channel, is by focusing on touch points that suit particular areas associated with

text: customer experience

text: . As suggested Figure 2, certain touch points link with a specific stage in customer-brand-involvement. For example, a brand may recognise that advertising touch points are most effective during the pre-purchase experience stage therefore they may target their advertisements to new customers rather than to existing customers. Overall, a brand has the ability to strengthen brand equity by using IMC branding communications through touch points.

text: The word haptic, from the  (haptikos), means "pertaining to the sense of touch" and comes from the Greek verb ἅπτεσθαι haptesthai, meaning "to contact" or "to touch".

text: The word

text: haptic

text: , from the  (haptikos), means "pertaining to the sense of

text: touch

text: " and comes from the Greek verb ἅπτεσθαι haptesthai, meaning "to contact" or "to touch".

text: The earliest interpretation was Zheng Xuan's (2nd century CE) Zhouli commentary (see below). Zheng explains fāngxiàng(shì) as fàngxiǎng 放想, substituting fàng 放 "put away; banish" for fāng 方 and xiǎng 想 "think; imagine" for xiàng 相. This ambiguous fàngxiǎng 放想 gloss is translated as "expellers of formidable things" (Laufer 1914: 198), "to give release to one's thinking . . . so as to have an awesome and terrifying appearance" (Bodde 1975:79), and "to cause visions to be forthcoming; to conjure up visions" (Boltz 1979: 431). Boltz says Bodde misunderstood this term because Zheng was reaffirming that xiàng 相 means not just "observe; scrutinize", but "vision; image; phantasy", cognate with xiǎng 想 "to draw up a mental image; vision", as well as with xiàng 象 "image; representation". Therefore, Boltz (1979: 431) concludes it was not the appearance of the fangxiangshi that is important, but "the visions which he brings forth (and which presumably only he can see) that are crucial. In this sense he should be called the Master of Visions, or Imaginator, or Phantasmagoricist."

text: The earliest interpretation was

text: Zheng Xuan

text: 's (2nd century CE) Zhouli commentary (see below). Zheng explains fāngxiàng(shì) as fàngxiǎng 放想, substituting fàng

text: 放

text: "put away; banish" for fāng 方 and xiǎng

text: 想

text: "think; imagine" for xiàng 相. This ambiguous fàngxiǎng 放想 gloss is translated as "expellers of formidable things" (Laufer 1914: 198), "to give release to one's thinking . . . so as to have an awesome and terrifying appearance" (Bodde 1975:79), and "to cause visions to be forthcoming; to conjure up visions" (Boltz 1979: 431). Boltz says Bodde misunderstood this term because Zheng was reaffirming that xiàng 相 means not just "observe; scrutinize", but "vision; image; phantasy", cognate with xiǎng 想 "to draw up a mental image; vision", as well as with xiàng

text: 象

text: "image; representation". Therefore, Boltz (1979: 431) concludes it was not the appearance of the fangxiangshi that is important, but "the visions which he brings forth (and which presumably only he can see) that are crucial. In this sense he should be called the Master of Visions, or Imaginator, or Phantasmagoricist."

text: Flavor is perceived by the combination of the sense of taste, sense of smell, and the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The gustatory system is responsible for differentiation between sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. The olfactory system recognizes the odorants as they pass to the olfactory epithelium via a retronasal pathway. This explains why we can identify a variety of flavors in spite of only having five types of taste receptors.  The trigeminal nerve senses texture, pain, and temperature of food. For example, the cooling effect of menthol or the burning sensation of spicy food.

text: Flavor is perceived by the combination of the sense of taste, sense of smell, and the

text: trigeminal nerve

text: (CN V). The

text: gustatory system

text: is responsible for differentiation between sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and

text: umami

text: . The olfactory system recognizes the odorants as they pass to the olfactory epithelium via a

text: retronasal

text: pathway. This explains why we can identify a variety of flavors in spite of only having five types of taste receptors.  The

text: trigeminal nerve

text: senses texture, pain, and temperature of food. For example, the cooling effect of menthol or the burning sensation of spicy food.

text: Baker has worked in movies from time to time, most notably in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He appeared as a fighter in Jackie Chan's The Big Brawl (1980) and as Kurt Russell's gladiatorial opponent in John Carpenter's Escape from New York (1981). In addition, he was cast in the professional wrestling film named for his catch phrase, I Like to Hurt People. On January 19, 1981, Baker was a contestant on the game show The Price is Right. In 1985, Ox Baker played the Russian in the wrestling movie Blood Circus, and in 2013 appeared in Chilling Visions: 5 Senses of Fear as The Butcher.

text: Baker has worked in movies from time to time, most notably in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He appeared as a fighter in

text: Jackie Chan

text: 's

text: The Big Brawl

text: (1980) and as

text: Kurt Russell

text: 's gladiatorial opponent in

text: John Carpenter

text: 's

text: Escape from New York

text: (1981). In addition, he was cast in the professional wrestling film named for his catch phrase, I Like to Hurt People. On January 19, 1981, Baker was a contestant on the game show

text: The Price is Right

text: . In 1985, Ox Baker played the Russian in the wrestling movie

text: Blood Circus

text: , and in 2013 appeared in

text: Chilling Visions: 5 Senses of Fear

text: as The Butcher.

text: The very first function used in fault slip analysis does not account on the sense of individual slip, which means altering the sense of a single slip does not affect the result. However, individual sense of motion is an effective reflection of orientation of stress axes in real situation. Hence, S is the simplest function but include the importance of sense of individual slip.

text: The most important function of the Occipital lobe is vision. Due to the positioning of this lobe at the back of the head it is not susceptible to much injury but any significant damage to the brain can cause a variety of damage to our visual perception system. Common problems in the occipital lobe are field defects and scotomas, movement and colour discrimination, hallucinations, illusions, inability to recognize words and inability to recognize movement. A study was done in which patients suffered from a tumour on the occipital lobe and the results shows that the most frequent consequence was contralateral damage to the visual field. When damage occurs in the occipital lobe it is most common to see the effects on the opposite side of the brain. Since the brain regions are so specialized in their functioning damages done to specific areas of the brain can cause specific type of damage. Damage to the left side of the brain can lead to language discrepancies, i.e. difficulty in properly identifying letters, numbers and words, inability to incorporate visual stimuli to comprehend multiple ways an object can be found. Right side damage causes non-verbal problems, i.e. identifying geometric shapes, perception of figures and faces.  In almost all regions of the brain left side damage leads to general language problems whereas right side damage leads to general perception and problem solving skills.

text: The most important function of the Occipital lobe is vision. Due to the positioning of this lobe at the back of the head it is not susceptible to much injury but any significant damage to the brain can cause a variety of damage to our visual perception system. Common problems in the occipital lobe are field defects and

text: scotoma

text: s, movement and colour discrimination,

text: hallucinations

text: illusion

text: s, inability to recognize words and inability to recognize movement. A study was done in which patients suffered from a tumour on the occipital lobe and the results shows that the most frequent consequence was

text: contralateral

text: damage to the visual field. When damage occurs in the occipital lobe it is most common to see the effects on the opposite side of the brain. Since the brain regions are so specialized in their functioning damages done to specific areas of the brain can cause specific type of damage. Damage to the left side of the brain can lead to language discrepancies, i.e. difficulty in properly identifying letters, numbers and words, inability to incorporate visual stimuli to comprehend multiple ways an object can be found. Right side damage causes non-verbal problems, i.e. identifying geometric shapes, perception of figures and faces.  In almost all regions of the brain left side damage leads to general language problems whereas right side damage leads to general perception and problem solving skills.

text: Abner is shown walking along a railroad towards the city, and when he arrives, the differences between the two become clear. Abner is wearing overalls and is portrayed as bumbling and oblivious to the dangers of the city, whilst Monty sports a top-hat and is acutely aware of the problems they face (as exemplified whenever he tells Abner to shush, which is also the only sign of dialogue here). Monty leads Abner to a meal that the human residents of the household have set out. The two mice begin by dining on cheese, but Abner lacks any sense of etiquette, and soon begins gorging himself on celery, cream, and  mustard, the latter of which generates a reaction to the excessive heat. Cooling himself with Champagne, Abner finds himself partial to the taste, and becomes drunk, provoking the disdain of Monty. Abner begins seeing in double vision, and creates more noise by bringing down a pile of bread (causing the double visions of Monty to hide behind the real one).

text: Abner is shown walking along a

text: railroad

text: towards the city, and when he arrives, the differences between the two become clear. Abner is wearing overalls and is portrayed as bumbling and oblivious to the dangers of the city, whilst Monty sports a top-hat and is acutely aware of the problems they face (as exemplified whenever he tells Abner to shush, which is also the only sign of dialogue here). Monty leads Abner to a meal that the human residents of the household have set out. The two mice begin by dining on cheese, but Abner lacks any sense of etiquette, and soon begins gorging himself on

text: celery

text: cream

text: , and

text: mustard

text: , the latter of which generates a reaction to the excessive heat. Cooling himself with

text: Champagne

text: , Abner finds himself partial to the taste, and becomes drunk, provoking the disdain of Monty. Abner begins seeing in

text: double vision

text: , and creates more noise by bringing down a pile of bread (causing the double visions of Monty to hide behind the real one).

text: In the 1970s, David Marr developed a multi-level theory of vision, which analyzed the process of vision at different levels of abstraction. In order to focus on the understanding of specific problems in vision, he identified three levels of analysis: the computational, algorithmic and implementational levels. Many vision scientists, including Tomaso Poggio, have embraced these levels of analysis and employed them to further characterize vision from a computational perspective.

text: In the 1970s,

text: David Marr

text: developed a multi-level theory of vision, which analyzed the process of vision at different levels of abstraction. In order to focus on the understanding of specific problems in vision, he identified three levels of analysis: the computational, algorithmic and implementational levels. Many vision scientists, including

text: Tomaso Poggio

text: , have embraced these levels of analysis and employed them to further characterize vision from a computational perspective.

text: Otology is a branch of medicine which studies normal and pathological anatomy and physiology of the ear (hearing and vestibular sensory systems and related structures and functions) as well as their diseases, diagnosis and treatment.  Otologic surgery generally refers to surgery of the middle ear and mastoid related to chronic otitis media, such as tympanoplasty, or ear drum surgery, ossiculoplasty, or surgery of the hearing bones, and mastoidectomy.  Otology also includes surgical treatment of conductive hearing loss, such as stapedectomy surgery for otosclerosis. Neurotology, a related field of medicine and subspecialty of Otolaryngology, is the study of diseases of the inner ear, which can lead to hearing and balance disorders.  Neurotologic surgery generally refers to surgery of the inner ear or surgery that involves entering the inner ear with risk to the hearing and balance organs, including labyrinthectomy, cochlear implant surgery, and surgery for tumors of the temporal bone, such as intracanlicular acoustic neuromas.  Neurotology is expanded to include surgery of the lateral skull base to treat intracranial tumors related to the ear and surrounding nerve and vascular structures, such as large cerebellar pontine angle acoustic neuromas, glomus jugulare tumors and facial nerve tumors.

text: Otology is a branch of

text: medicine

text: which studies normal and

text: pathological

text: anatomy

text: and

text: physiology

text: of the

text: ear

text: hearing

text: and

text: vestibular

text: sensory system

text: s and related structures and functions) as well as their

text: disease

text: s,

text: diagnosis

text: and treatment.  Otologic surgery generally refers to surgery of the

text: middle ear

text: and

text: mastoid

text: related to chronic

text: otitis media

text: , such as

text: tympanoplasty

text: , or ear drum surgery, ossiculoplasty, or surgery of the hearing bones, and

text: mastoidectomy

text: .  Otology also includes surgical treatment of conductive hearing loss, such as

text: stapedectomy

text: surgery for

text: otosclerosis

text: Neurotology

text: , a related field of medicine and subspecialty of

text: Otolaryngology

text: , is the study of diseases of the inner ear, which can lead to hearing and balance disorders.  Neurotologic surgery generally refers to surgery of the inner ear or surgery that involves entering the inner ear with risk to the hearing and balance organs, including labyrinthectomy, cochlear implant surgery, and surgery for tumors of the temporal bone, such as intracanlicular

text: acoustic neuromas

text: .  Neurotology is expanded to include surgery of the lateral skull base to treat intracranial tumors related to the ear and surrounding nerve and vascular structures, such as large cerebellar pontine angle

text: acoustic neuromas

text: glomus jugulare

text: tumors and facial nerve tumors.

text: By far the most important of his works is the Traité des sensations, in which Condillac treats psychology in his own characteristic way. He questioned Locke's doctrine that the senses give us intuitive knowledge of objects, that the eye, for example, naturally judges shapes, sizes, positions, and distances. He believed it was necessary to study the senses separately, to distinguish precisely what ideas are owed to each sense, to observe how the senses are trained, and how one sense aids another. He believed that the conclusion has to be that all human faculty and knowledge are transformed sensation only, to the exclusion of any other principle, such as reflection.

text: Bornaviruses have negative sense RNA genomes  The negative sense RNA is copied to make a positive sense RNA template. This template is then used to synthesise many copies of the negative sense RNA genome. This is like making copies of a mold, and then using these molds to make many  more viruses.

text: Bornaviruses have negative sense

text: RNA

text: genomes

text: The negative sense

text: RNA

text: is copied to make a positive sense RNA template. This template is then used to

text: synthesise

text: many copies of the negative sense RNA

text: genome

text: . This is like making copies of a mold, and then using these molds to make many  more viruses.

text: TriDAR builds on recent developments in 3D sensing technologies and computer vision achieving lighting immunity in space vision systems. This technology provides the ability to automatically rendezvous and dock with vehicles that were not designed for such operations.

text: Auditory and projection clocks can be used by people who are blind or have limited vision. There are also clocks for the blind that have displays that can be read by using the sense of touch. Some of these are similar to normal analog displays, but are constructed so the hands can be felt without damaging them. Another type is essentially digital, and uses devices that use a code such as Braille to show the digits so that they can be felt with the fingertips.

text: Auditory and projection clocks can be used by people who are blind or have limited vision. There are also clocks for the blind that have displays that can be read by using the sense of touch. Some of these are similar to normal analog displays, but are constructed so the hands can be felt without damaging them. Another type is essentially digital, and uses devices that use a code such as

text: Braille

text: to show the digits so that they can be felt with the fingertips.

text: During the decades of academic activity, Kravkov became the author of more than one hundred scientific works. The main of them are Samonablyudeniye (Self-observation, 1922), Vnusheniye (psikhologiya i pedagogika vnusheniya) (Suggestion, its psychology and pedagogics, 1924), Ocherk psikhologii (Essay on psychology, 1925), Glaz i ego rabota (Eye and its functions, 1932), Ocherk obschey psikhofiziologii organov chuvstv (Essay on general psychophysiology of sense organs, 1946) Vzaimodeystviye organov chuvstv (Interaction of sense organs, 1948), Tsvetovoe zreniye (Colour eyesight, 1951). In cooperation with N. Vishnevsky, Kravkov designed and constructed a special device for definition of the normality of twilight vision, that was being mass-produced for the Red Army needs during the Great Patriotic War. Kravkov brought up a number of prominent Soviet scientists.

text: During the decades of academic activity, Kravkov became the author of more than one hundred scientific works. The main of them are Samonablyudeniye (Self-observation, 1922), Vnusheniye (psikhologiya i pedagogika vnusheniya) (Suggestion, its psychology and pedagogics, 1924), Ocherk psikhologii (Essay on psychology, 1925), Glaz i ego rabota (Eye and its functions, 1932), Ocherk obschey psikhofiziologii organov chuvstv (Essay on general psychophysiology of sense organs, 1946) Vzaimodeystviye organov chuvstv (Interaction of sense organs, 1948), Tsvetovoe zreniye (Colour eyesight, 1951). In cooperation with N. Vishnevsky, Kravkov designed and constructed a special device for definition of the normality of twilight vision, that was being mass-produced for the

text: Red Army

text: needs during the Great Patriotic War. Kravkov brought up a number of prominent Soviet scientists.

text: Another problem is inter-judge variance. WSD systems are normally tested by having their results on a task compared against those of a human. However, while it is relatively easy to assign parts of speech to text, training people to tag senses is far more difficult. While users can memorize all of the possible parts of speech a word can take, it is often impossible for individuals to memorize all of the senses a word can take. Moreover, humans do not agree on the task at hand – give a list of senses and sentences, and humans will not always agree on which word belongs in which sense.

text: Another problem is

text: inter-judge

text: variance

text: . WSD systems are normally tested by having their results on a task compared against those of a human. However, while it is relatively easy to assign parts of speech to text, training people to tag senses is far more difficult. While users can memorize all of the possible parts of speech a word can take, it is often impossible for individuals to memorize all of the senses a word can take. Moreover, humans do not agree on the task at hand – give a list of senses and sentences, and humans will not always agree on which word belongs in which sense.

text: Touch Surgery is a London and New York City-based health technology app and trading name for the company Kinosis LTD.  The app was first discussed in 2010.  The Touch Surgery mobile app is a mobile surgical training platform designed to simulate  surgical procedures.    As of August 2014, The Touch Surgery mobile app included surgical instructions for about 50 surgical procedures. As of 2014 the company claimed patients make about forty percent of the app's downloads.  In August 2016 Touch partnered with Ethicon Inc. to provide training for General Surgery Procedures and Ethicon's surgical products.

text: Touch Surgery is a

text: London

text: and

text: New York City

text: -based

text: health technology

text: app and trading name for the company Kinosis LTD.  The app was first discussed in 2010.  The Touch Surgery

text: mobile app

text: is a mobile surgical training platform designed to simulate

text: surgical procedures

text: .    As of August 2014, The Touch Surgery mobile app included surgical instructions for about 50 surgical procedures. As of 2014 the company claimed patients make about forty percent of the app's downloads.  In August 2016 Touch partnered with

text: Ethicon Inc.

text: to provide training for General Surgery Procedures and Ethicon's surgical products.

text: In his mature work, Steiner identified twelve senses: balance, or equilibrioception; movement, or proprioception; pain/well-being, or nociception, also called life sense; touch, or tactition; taste, or gustation; smell, or olfaction; warmth, or thermoception; sight, or vision; hearing, or audition; word / speech; thought / concept; ego / self.

text: In his mature work, Steiner identified twelve

text: senses

text: : balance, or

text: equilibrioception

text: ; movement, or

text: proprioception

text: ; pain/well-being, or

text: nociception

text: , also called life sense; touch, or

text: tactition

text: ; taste, or

text: gustation

text: ; smell, or

text: olfaction

text: ; warmth, or

text: thermoception

text: ; sight, or

text: vision

text: ; hearing, or

text: audition

text: ; word / speech; thought / concept; ego / self.

text: Schäfer received six gold records for his band's albums Fury in the Slaughterhouse (1988), Mono (1992) and The Hearing and the Sense of Balance (1995). During Schäfer's time at Fury in the Slaughterhouse the band sold approximately three million records and CDs.

text: Taiwan Muzha tie guan yinMuzha tie guan yin (Oolong): Muzha tie guan yin originated from Anxi, Fujian.  Taiwan people use the special local traditional method to make it.  1875 -1908 Muzha tea company brought tie guan yin tea trees then planted in Zhanghu, Muzha.  From then on there is Muzha tie guan yin in Taiwan.Taiwan Sanxia Dragon wellSanxia Dragon well (Green tea): Sanxia tea area is the only place which produces Tai Wan Dragon well.  Sanxia Dragon well is very special, it smells fragrance after brewed, and taste a little bitter but has sweet after taste.

text: The senses of smell and taste (gustatory system) are often referred to together as the chemosensory system, because they both give the brain information about the chemical composition of objects through a process called transduction.

text: The senses of smell and taste (

text: gustatory system

text: ) are often referred to together as the

text: chemosensory

text: system, because they both give the brain information about the chemical composition of objects through a process called

text: transduction

text: In another study using eye-movement patterns to investigate how experts view art, participants were shown realistic and abstract works of art under two conditions: one asking them to free scan the works, and the other asking them to memorize them. Participants' eye movements were tracked as they either looked at the images or tried to memorize them, and their recall for the memorized images was recorded. The researchers found no differences in the fixation frequency or time between picture types for experts and nonexperts.  However, across sessions, the non-experts had more short fixations while free scanning the works, and fewer long fixations while trying to memorize; experts followed the opposite pattern.  There was no significant difference in the recall of the images across groups, except experts recalled abstract images better that non-experts, and more pictorial details. These results show that people with arts expertise view repeated images less than non-experts, and can recall more details about images they have previously seen.

text: Entrepreneurs need to practice effective communication both within their firm and with external partners and investors, in order to launch and growth a venture and enable it to survive. An entrepreneur needs a communication system that links the staff of her firm and connects the firm to outside firms and clients. Entrepreneurs should be charismatic leaders, so they can communicate a vision effectively to their team and help to create a strong team.  Communicating a vision to followers may be well the most important act of the transformational leader. Compelling  visions provide employees with a sense of purpose and encourage commitment. According to Baum et al.  Kouzes and Posner  the vision must be communicated through written statements and through in-person communication. Entrepreneurial leaders must speak and listen to effectively articulate their vision to others.

text: Entrepreneurs need to practice effective

text: communication

text: both within their firm and with external partners and investors, in order to launch and growth a venture and enable it to survive. An entrepreneur needs a communication system that links the staff of her firm and connects the firm to outside firms and clients. Entrepreneurs should be

text: charismatic leader

text: s, so they can communicate a

text: vision

text: effectively to their team and help to

text: create a strong team

text: .  Communicating a vision to followers may be well the most important act of the transformational leader. Compelling  visions provide employees with a sense of purpose and encourage commitment. According to Baum et al.  Kouzes and Posner  the vision must be communicated through written statements and through in-person communication. Entrepreneurial leaders must speak and listen to effectively articulate their vision to others.

text: Some people may suffer from other visual problems, such as color blindness, reduced contrast, mild amblyopia, cerebral visual impairments, inability to track fast-moving objects, or one of many other visual impairments and still have "normal" visual acuity. Thus, "normal" visual acuity by no means implies normal vision. The reason visual acuity is very widely used is that it is easily measured, its reduction (after correction) often indicates some disturbance, and that it often corresponds with the normal daily activities a person can handle, and evaluates their impairment to do them (even though there is heavy debate over that relationship).

text: Some people may suffer from other visual problems, such as

text: color blindness

text: , reduced

text: contrast

text: , mild

text: amblyopia

text: , cerebral visual impairments, inability to track fast-moving objects, or one of many other visual impairments and still have "normal" visual acuity. Thus, "normal" visual acuity by no means implies normal vision. The reason visual acuity is very widely used is that it is easily measured, its reduction (after correction) often indicates some disturbance, and that it often corresponds with the normal daily activities a person can handle, and evaluates their impairment to do them (even though there is heavy debate over that relationship).

text: Kirkus Reviews wrote "With strong characterization of major and minor characters and a light, poetic touch, Spinelli deftly handles themes of friendship, family, loss and resilience in a story that will long linger in the hearts of readers." and found Eggs "Elegant and memorable." while Publishers Weekly saw that "In Spinelli's (Maniac Magee ) latest novel, the Newbery Medalist falls slightly short of the high standard he's set in some of his previous books."  Common Sense Media described it "By turns moving, magical, and startlingly original, this story gives readers plenty to chew on."

text: Kirkus Reviews

text: wrote "With strong characterization of major and minor characters and a light, poetic touch, Spinelli deftly handles themes of friendship, family, loss and resilience in a story that will long linger in the hearts of readers." and found Eggs "Elegant and memorable." while

text: Publishers Weekly

text: saw that "In Spinelli's (Maniac Magee ) latest novel, the Newbery Medalist falls slightly short of the high standard he's set in some of his previous books."

text: Common Sense Media

text: described it "By turns moving, magical, and startlingly original, this story gives readers plenty to chew on."

text: Infant perception is what a newborn can see, hear, smell, taste, and touch.  These five features are better known as one's "five senses". Infants respond to stimuli differently in these different states.

text: The early Buddhist texts outline a theory of perception and cognition based on the ayatanas (sense bases, sense media, sense spheres) which are categorized into sense organs, sense objects and awareness. The contact between these bases leads to a perceptual event as explained in Buddhist texts: "when the eye that is internal is intact and external visible forms come within its range, and when there is an appropriate act of attention on the part of the mind, there is the emergence of perceptual consciousness."

text: The early Buddhist texts outline a theory of

text: perception

text: and

text: cognition

text: based on the

text: ayatanas

text: (sense bases, sense media, sense spheres) which are categorized into

text: sense organs

text: , sense objects and awareness. The contact between these bases leads to a perceptual event as explained in Buddhist texts: "when the eye that is internal is intact and external visible forms come within its range, and when there is an appropriate act of attention on the part of the mind, there is the emergence of perceptual consciousness."

text: The Roomba is not designed for deep-pile carpet. Also, the first- and second-generation Roombas can get stuck on rug tassels and electrical cords. The third-generation is able to reverse its brushes to escape entangled cords and tassels. Additionally, all models are designed to be low enough to go under a bed or most other items of furniture. If at any time the unit senses that it has become stuck, no longer senses the floor beneath it, or it decides that it has worked its way into a narrow area from which it is unable to escape, it stops and sounds an error to help someone find it.  Early models use only flashing lights to indicate specific problems, while later models use a voice to announce a problem and a suggested solution.

text: Disney / Pixar's Ratatouille (2007). A computer-animated comedy about a young Rat named Remy who has a dream to become a chef one day. Remy has a highly developed sense of taste and smell that are portrayed throughout the movie in synesthetic taste sequences.

text: Disney / Pixar's

text: Ratatouille

text: (2007). A computer-animated comedy about a young Rat named Remy who has a dream to become a chef one day. Remy has a highly developed sense of taste and smell that are portrayed throughout the movie in synesthetic taste sequences.

text: A hammock activity can group tasks which are not related in the hierarchical sense of a Work Breakdown Structure, or are not related in a logical sense of a task dependency where one task must wait for another.

text: A hammock activity can group tasks which are not related in the hierarchical sense of a

text: Work Breakdown Structure

text: , or are not related in a logical sense of a

text: task dependency

text: where one task must wait for another.

text: In his article “Pädagogische Religion” (Educational Religion), he describes how the capacity for creative teaching can begin to grow: “The teacher must always ask himself how he can develop a sense of closeness to the child.” He has to “strive to develop a spiritual-educational sense of touch”. “This sense of touch, or child-sense gradually opens an attitude of soul that is full of devotion, love, commitment.” And this “devotion in the face of the Young, the Growing, turns into the art of dealing with human beings as a spiritual task of the twentieth century.

text: Utzon had a Nordic sense of concern for nature which, in his design, emphasized the synthesis of form, material and function for social values. His fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas, the Islamic world, China and Japan enhanced his vision. This developed into what Utzon later referred to as Additive Architecture, comparing his approach to the growth patterns of nature.A design can grow like a tree, he explained: "If it grows naturally, the architecture will look after itself."

text: Utzon had a Nordic sense of concern for nature which, in his design, emphasized the synthesis of form, material and function for social values. His fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas, the Islamic world, China and Japan enhanced his vision. This developed into what Utzon later referred to as

text: Additive Architecture

text: , comparing his approach to the growth patterns of nature.A design can grow like a tree, he explained: "If it grows naturally, the architecture will look after itself."

text: Current evidence does suggest possible evolutionary lineages for the origins of the anatomical features of the eye. One likely chain of development is that the eyes originated as simple patches of photoreceptor cells that could detect the presence or absence of light, but not its direction. When, via random mutation across the population, the photosensitive cells happened to have developed on a small depression, it endowed the organism with a better sense of the light's source. This small change gave the organism an advantage over those without the mutation. This genetic trait would then be "selected for" as those with the trait would have an increased chance of survival, and therefore progeny, over those without the trait. Individuals with deeper depressions would be able to discern changes in light over a wider field than those individuals with shallower depressions. As ever deeper depressions were advantageous to the organism, gradually, this depression would become a pit into which light would strike certain cells depending on its angle. The organism slowly gained increasingly precise visual information. And again, this gradual process continued as individuals having a slightly shrunken aperture of the eye had an advantage over those without the mutation as an aperture increases how collimated the light is at any one specific group of photoreceptors. As this trait developed, the eye became effectively a pinhole camera which allowed the organism to dimly make out shapes—the nautilus is a modern example of an animal with such an eye. Finally, via this same selection process, a protective layer of transparent cells over the aperture was differentiated into a crude lens, and the interior of the eye was filled with humours to assist in focusing images. In this way, eyes are recognized by modern biologists as actually a relatively unambiguous and simple structure to evolve, and many of the major developments of the eye's evolution are believed to have taken place over only a few million years, during the Cambrian explosion.

text: Current evidence does suggest possible evolutionary lineages for the origins of the anatomical features of the eye. One likely chain of development is that the eyes originated as simple patches of

text: photoreceptor cell

text: s that could detect the presence or absence of light, but not its direction. When, via random mutation across the population, the photosensitive cells happened to have developed on a small depression, it endowed the organism with a better sense of the light's source. This small change gave the organism an advantage over those without the mutation. This genetic trait would then be "selected for" as those with the trait would have an increased chance of survival, and therefore progeny, over those without the trait. Individuals with deeper depressions would be able to discern changes in light over a wider field than those individuals with shallower depressions. As ever deeper depressions were advantageous to the organism, gradually, this depression would become a pit into which light would strike certain cells depending on its angle. The organism slowly gained increasingly precise visual information. And again, this gradual process continued as individuals having a slightly shrunken

text: aperture

text: of the eye had an advantage over those without the mutation as an aperture increases how

text: collimated

text: the light is at any one specific group of photoreceptors. As this trait developed, the eye became effectively a

text: pinhole camera

text: which allowed the organism to dimly make out shapes—the

text: nautilus

text: is a modern example of an animal with such an eye. Finally, via this same selection process, a protective layer of transparent cells over the aperture was differentiated into a crude

text: lens

text: , and the interior of the eye was filled with humours to assist in focusing images. In this way, eyes are recognized by modern biologists as actually a relatively unambiguous and simple structure to evolve, and many of the major developments of the eye's evolution are believed to have taken place over only a few million years, during the

text: Cambrian explosion

text: are techniques that use the chakra in the victim's mind system to create illusions. The most commonly seen genjutsu in the series is the simple creation of phantasms – causing the targeted person(s) to hear, see, smell, taste, or feel sensations that are not actually there in order to manipulate them. Most genjutsu affects the five senses, though other applications of genjutsu exist. Those under the influence of genjutsu usually freeze in place or lose consciousness, depending on how capable they are in recognizing and defending against it. Depending on the purpose of the genjutsu, one could be running or jumping while under the genjutsu (as seen when Itachi uses genjutsu on Naruto in Part II, when he used the Rasengan on Itachi, only to find out it had been genjutsu and he had used it on air). A genjutsu can be broken in one of three ways. The first is , a disruption of the victim's chakra flow either by themselves or their allies. Pain that is not a result of the genjutsu, such as stabbing oneself, is a second method of countering genjutsu. Finally, if the user of the genjutsu loses focus for whatever reason, the jutsu will end and the victim is freed.

text: are techniques that use the chakra in the victim's mind system to create illusions. The most commonly seen genjutsu in the series is the simple creation of

text: phantasm

text: s – causing the targeted person(s) to hear, see, smell, taste, or feel sensations that are not actually there in order to manipulate them. Most genjutsu affects the five senses, though other applications of genjutsu exist. Those under the influence of genjutsu usually freeze in place or lose consciousness, depending on how capable they are in recognizing and defending against it. Depending on the purpose of the genjutsu, one could be running or jumping while under the genjutsu (as seen when Itachi uses genjutsu on Naruto in Part II, when he used the Rasengan on Itachi, only to find out it had been genjutsu and he had used it on air). A genjutsu can be broken in one of three ways. The first is , a disruption of the victim's chakra flow either by themselves or their allies. Pain that is not a result of the genjutsu, such as stabbing oneself, is a second method of countering genjutsu. Finally, if the user of the genjutsu loses focus for whatever reason, the jutsu will end and the victim is freed.

text: To "go berserk" was to "hamask", which translates as "change form", in this case, as with the sense "enter a state of wild fury". One who could transform as a berserker was typically thought of as "hamrammr" or "shapestrong". For example, the band of men that go with Skallagrim in Egil's Saga to see King Harald about his brother Thorolf's murder are described as "the hardest of men, with a touch of the uncanny about a number of them...they [were] built and shaped more like trolls than human beings". This is generally interpreted as the band of men being "hamrammr".

text: Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses; partial or total inability to hear is called hearing loss.

text: Sound may be heard through

text: solid

text: liquid

text: , or

text: gas

text: eous matter. It is one of the traditional five

text: sense

text: s; partial or total inability to hear is called

text: hearing loss

text: The number of balancing operations required in a sequence of  insertions and deletions is linear in , i.e., balancing takes a constant amount of overhead in an amortized sense.

text: The number of balancing operations required in a sequence of  insertions and deletions is linear in , i.e., balancing takes a constant amount of overhead in an

text: amortized

text: sense.

text: Yo wears an eye patch over his right eye and has a strange sense of humor. He is the first one on the team to be defeated, by Miu.

text: "When I write music, it's not a sense of inventing I experience, as much as it is a sense of finding something that exists at the remote periphery of what I know. It is like seeing things – that aren't really there – in the corner of one's eye, but not spinning around to view them, because then they would simply cease to be. It is a case of being aware of a thing in one's peripheral vision and, while staring straight ahead, trying to decipher, without looking at it, the true nature of what it is. What one is finding is exactly the right thing for any given moment in a musical work."

text: Children are often taught five basic senses: seeing (i.e., vision), hearing (i.e., audition), tasting (i.e., gustation), smelling (i.e., olfaction), and touching. However, there are actually many more senses including vestibular sense, kinesthetic sense, sense of thirst, sense of hunger, and cutaneous sense to name a few.

text: Usher syndrome has three clinical subtypes, denoted as I, II, and III. People with Usher I are born profoundly deaf, and begin to lose their vision in the first decade of life. They also exhibit balance difficulties, and learn to walk slowly as children, due to problems in their vestibular system. People with Usher II are not born deaf, but do have hearing loss. They do not seem to have noticeable problems with balance; they also begin to lose their vision later (in the second decade of life) and may preserve some vision even into middle age. People with Usher syndrome III are not born deaf, but experience a gradual loss of their hearing and vision; they may or may not have balance difficulties.

text: Usher syndrome has three clinical subtypes, denoted as I, II, and III. People with Usher I are born profoundly deaf, and begin to lose their

text: vision

text: in the first decade of life. They also exhibit

text: balance difficulties

text: , and learn to walk slowly as children, due to problems in their

text: vestibular system

text: . People with Usher II are not born deaf, but do have hearing loss. They do not seem to have noticeable problems with balance; they also begin to lose their vision later (in the second decade of life) and may preserve some vision even into middle age. People with Usher syndrome III are not born deaf, but experience a gradual loss of their hearing and vision; they may or may not have balance difficulties.

text: Due to the large number of persons affected by taste disorders, basic and clinical research are receiving support at different institutions and chemosensory research centers across the country.  These taste and smell clinics are focusing their research on better understanding the mechanisms involved in gustatory function and taste disorders such as dysgeusia.  For example, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders is looking into the mechanisms underlying the key receptors on taste cells and applying this knowledge to the future of medications and artificial food products.  Meanwhile, the Taste and Smell Clinic at the University of Connecticut Health Center is integrating behavioral, neurophysiological, and genetic studies involving stimulus concentrations and intensities in order to better understand taste function.<ref name=UCHC>The University of Connecticut Health Center, "Taste and Smell: Research," 26 Oct. 2009

text: Due to the large number of persons affected by taste disorders, basic and clinical research are receiving support at different institutions and chemosensory research centers across the country.  These taste and smell clinics are focusing their research on better understanding the mechanisms involved in gustatory function and taste disorders such as dysgeusia.  For example, the

entity_name: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

text: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

text: is looking into the mechanisms underlying the key receptors on taste cells and applying this knowledge to the future of medications and artificial food products.  Meanwhile, the Taste and Smell Clinic at the

text: University of Connecticut Health Center

text: is integrating behavioral, neurophysiological, and genetic studies involving stimulus concentrations and intensities in order to better understand taste function.<ref name=UCHC>The University of Connecticut Health Center, "Taste and Smell: Research," 26 Oct. 2009

text: In the 11th century, Avicenna theorized that there were a number of feeling senses including touch, pain and titillation.

text: In the 11th century,

text: Avicenna

text: theorized that there were a number of feeling senses including

text: touch

text: pain

text: and

text: titillation

text: Howe's best known work was almost entirely in black and white. His two Academy Awards both came during the period when Best Cinematography Oscars were awarded separately for color and black-and-white films. However, he successfully made the transition to color films and earned his first Academy Award nomination for a color film in 1958 for The Old Man and the Sea. He won his second Academy Award for 1963's Hud. His cinematography remained inventive during his later career. For instance, his use of fish-eye and wide-angle lenses in Seconds (1966) helped give an eerie tension to director John Frankenheimer's science fiction movie. After working on The Molly Maguires (1970), Howe's health began to fail and he entered semi-retirement. In 1974, he was well enough to be selected as a replacement cinematographer for Funny Lady. He collapsed during the filming; American Society of Cinematographers president Ernest Laszlo filled in for Howe while he was recovering in the hospital. Funny Lady earned Howe his tenth and final Oscar nomination. Three documentaries were made about Howe during the last two decades of his life.

text: Howe's best known work was almost entirely in black and white. His two Academy Awards both came during the period when Best Cinematography Oscars were awarded separately for color and black-and-white films. However, he successfully made the transition to color films and earned his first Academy Award nomination for a color film in 1958 for

text: The Old Man and the Sea

text: . He won his second Academy Award for 1963's

text: Hud

text: . His cinematography remained inventive during his later career. For instance, his use of fish-eye and wide-angle lenses in

text: Seconds

text: (1966) helped give an eerie tension to director

text: John Frankenheimer

text: 's science fiction movie. After working on

text: The Molly Maguires

text: (1970), Howe's health began to fail and he entered semi-retirement. In 1974, he was well enough to be selected as a replacement cinematographer for

text: Funny Lady

text: . He collapsed during the filming;

text: American Society of Cinematographers

text: president

text: Ernest Laszlo

text: filled in for Howe while he was recovering in the hospital. Funny Lady earned Howe his tenth and final Oscar nomination. Three documentaries were made about Howe during the last two decades of his life.

text: “Freire’s work emphasized the need for teachers to eschew their class perspective and see both education and revolution as process of shared understanding between the teacher and the taught, the leader and the led” (Fisher).“Feminist pedagogy as it has developed in the United States provides a historically situated example of a critical pedagogy in practice. Feminist conceptions of education are similar to Freire's pedagogy in a variety of ways, and feminist educators often cite Freire as the educational theorist who comes closest to the approach and goals of feminist pedagogy. Both feminist pedagogy as it is usually defined and Freirean pedagogy rest upon visions of social transformation; underlying both are certain common assumptions concerning oppression, consciousness, and historical change. Both pedagogies assert the existence of oppression in people's material conditions of existence and as a part of consciousness; both rest on a view of consciousness as more than a sum of dominating discourses, but as containing within it a critical capacity — what Antonio Gramsci called "good sense"; and both thus see human beings as subjects and actors in history and hold a strong commitment to justice and a vision of a better world and of the potential for liberation” (Weiler).

text: Decreases in the ability to smell is a normal consequence of human aging, and usually is more pronounced in men than in women.  It is often unrecognized in patients except that they may note a decreased ability to taste (much of taste is actually based on reception of food odor).  Some of this decrease  results from  repeated damage to the olfactory nerve receptors due likely to repeated upper respiratory infections.  Patients with Alzheimer's disease almost always have an abnormal sense of smell when tested.

text: The Gemara taught that the words "eye for eye" in  meant pecuniary compensation. Simeon bar Yochai asked those who would take the words literally how they would enforce equal justice where a blind man put out the eye of another man, or an amputee cut off the hand of another, or where a lame person broke the leg of another. The school of Rabbi Ishmael cited the words "so shall it be given to him" in  and deduced that the word "give" could apply only to pecuniary compensation. The school of Rabbi Hiyya cited the words "hand for hand" in  to mean that an article was given from hand to hand, namely money. Abaye reported that a sage of the school of Hezekiah taught that  said "eye for eye" and "life for life," but not "life and eye for eye," and it could sometimes happen that eye and life would be taken for an eye, as when the offender died while being blinded. Rav Papa said in the name of Rava that  referred explicitly to healing, and the verse would not make sense if one assumed that retaliation was meant. And Rav Ashi taught that the principle of pecuniary compensation could be derived from the analogous use of the term "for" in  in the expression "eye for eye" and in  in the expression "he shall surely pay ox for ox." As the latter case plainly indicated pecuniary compensation, so must the former.

text: The Gemara taught that the words "eye for eye" in  meant pecuniary compensation.

text: Simeon bar Yochai

text: asked those who would take the words literally how they would enforce equal justice where a blind man put out the eye of another man, or an amputee cut off the hand of another, or where a lame person broke the leg of another. The school of Rabbi Ishmael cited the words "so shall it be given to him" in  and deduced that the word "give" could apply only to pecuniary compensation. The school of Rabbi Hiyya cited the words "hand for hand" in  to mean that an article was given from hand to hand, namely money.

text: Abaye

text: reported that a sage of the school of Hezekiah taught that  said "eye for eye" and "life for life," but not "life and eye for eye," and it could sometimes happen that eye and life would be taken for an eye, as when the offender died while being blinded.

text: Rav Papa

text: said in the name of Rava that  referred explicitly to healing, and the verse would not make sense if one assumed that retaliation was meant. And Rav Ashi taught that the principle of pecuniary compensation could be derived from the analogous use of the term "for" in  in the expression "eye for eye" and in  in the expression "he shall surely pay ox for ox." As the latter case plainly indicated pecuniary compensation, so must the former.

text: Nevertheless, it was standard and necessary to learn and understand the works and legacy of predecessors. Among those one can mention, The alteration of the eye by Yuhanna ibn Masawayh, whose work can be considered the earliest work on Ophthalmology, followed by Hunain ibn Ishaq, known in the west as Johannitius, for his work The ten treatises of the eye.  One of Hunain ibn Ishaq's innovations was to describe the crystalline lens as being located in the exact center of the eye.

text: Nevertheless, it was standard and necessary to learn and understand the works and legacy of predecessors. Among those one can mention, The alteration of the eye by

text: Yuhanna ibn Masawayh

text: , whose work can be considered the earliest work on Ophthalmology, followed by

text: Hunain ibn Ishaq

text: , known in the west as Johannitius, for his work The ten treatises of the eye.  One of Hunain ibn Ishaq's innovations was to describe the crystalline lens as being located in the exact center of the eye.

text: After mustering out of the Royal Air Force at the age of 22, Guillermin's directorial career began in France with documentary filmmaking. According to a critical review of Guillermin's work, "One of his stylistic constants, an expert use of handheld camera to add grit and muscle to key scenes, may be rooted in those early efforts, and they function as counterweights to Guillermin's penchant for forceful lines, a very plastic sense of interior spaces, and use of overhead shots... Guillermin's interest in conveying how people and spaces relate to one another and how decisions are reached and carried out suggests a spark to his filmmaking that one might call Griersonianeven if the grandfather of British documentary focused on social development and progress as opposed to collapse."

text: After mustering out of the

text: Royal Air Force

text: at the age of 22, Guillermin's directorial career began in France with documentary filmmaking. According to a critical review of Guillermin's work, "One of his stylistic constants, an expert use of handheld camera to add grit and muscle to key scenes, may be rooted in those early efforts, and they function as counterweights to Guillermin's penchant for forceful lines, a very plastic sense of interior spaces, and use of overhead shots... Guillermin's interest in conveying how people and spaces relate to one another and how decisions are reached and carried out suggests a spark to his filmmaking that one might call Griersonianeven if the grandfather of British documentary focused on social development and progress as opposed to collapse."

text: Chemical communications in animals rely on a variety of aspects including taste and smell. Chemoreception is the physiological response of a sense organ (i.e. taste or smell) to a chemical stimulus where the chemicals act as signals to regulate the state or activity of a cell. A semiochemical is a message-carrying chemical that is meant to attract, repel, and convey information. Types of semiochemicals include pheromones and kairomones. One example is the butterfly Phengaris arion which uses chemical signals as a form of mimicry to aid in predation.

text: Chemical communications in animals rely on a variety of aspects including taste and smell. Chemoreception is the physiological response of a sense organ (i.e. taste or smell) to a chemical stimulus where the chemicals act as signals to regulate the state or activity of a cell. A semiochemical is a message-carrying chemical that is meant to attract, repel, and convey information. Types of semiochemicals include pheromones and kairomones. One example is the butterfly

text: Phengaris arion

text: which uses chemical signals as a form of mimicry to aid in predation.

text: Most researchers distinguish three sensory systems related to sense of touch in humans: cutaneous, kinesthetic and haptic.All perceptions mediated by cutaneous and/or kinesthetic sensibility are referred to as tactual perception. The sense of touch may be classified as passive and active, and the term "haptic" is often associated with active touch to communicate or recognize objects.

text: Some say that the maker movement is a reaction to the de-valuing of physical exploration and the growing sense of disconnection with the physical world in modern cities. Other scholars including Raymond Malewitz and Charles Jencks have examined the Utopian vision of Maker culture, which they link to myths of rugged individualism, the possibility of a counterculture and libertarianism Many products produced by the maker communities have a focus on health (food), sustainable development, environmentalism, local culture and can from that point of view also be seen as a negative response to disposables, globalised mass production, the power of chain stores, multinationals and consumerism.

text: Some say that the maker movement is a reaction to the de-valuing of physical exploration and the growing sense of disconnection with the physical world in modern cities. Other scholars including Raymond Malewitz and

text: Charles Jencks

text: have examined the

text: Utopia

text: n vision of Maker culture, which they link to myths of

text: rugged individualism

text: , the possibility of a

text: counterculture

text: and

text: libertarianism

text: Many products produced by the maker communities have a focus on

text: health

text: (food),

text: sustainable development

text: environmentalism

text: , local

text: culture

text: and can from that point of view also be seen as a negative response to

text: disposable

text: s,

text: globalised

text: mass production

text: , the power of

text: chain store

text: s,

text: multinationals

text: and

text: consumerism

text: Most ophiuroids have no eyes, or other specialised sense organs. However, they have several types of sensitive nerve endings in their epidermis, and are able to sense chemicals in the water, touch, and even the presence or absence of light. Moreover, tube feet may sense light as well as odors.  These are especially found at the ends of their arms, detecting light and retreating into crevices.

text: The semi-circular canals are three bony structures filled with fluid. As with the vestibule, the primary purpose of the canals is to detect movement. Each canal is oriented at right angles to the others, enabling detection of movement in any plane. The posterior canal detects rolling motion, or motion about the X axis; the anterior canal detects pitch, or motion about the Y axis; the horizontal canal detects yaw motion, or motion about the Z axis. When a medication is toxic in the vestibule or the  semi-circular canals, the patient senses loss of balance or orientation rather than losses in hearing. Symptoms in these organs present as vertigo, difficulties walking in low light and darkness, disequilibrium, oscillopsia among others. Each of these problems is related to balance and the mind is confused with the direction of motion or lack of motion. Both the vestibule and semi-circular canals transmit information to the brain about movement; when these are poisoned, they are unable to function properly which results in miscommunication with the brain.

text: The antennae are the most important sense organs Acromyrmex species possess, and are jointed so  the ant can extend them forward to investigate an object. It can retract them back over its head when in a dangerous situation, for example, a fight. Acromyrmex species have eyes, but their eyesight is very poor. Like all insects, the eye is compound, meaning it is made up of many eyelets called ommatidia, with the number of these eyelets varies according to species.  Male ants tend to have more ommatadia than other castes. The ocelli, which are generally found on top of the heads of queens, are thought to aid aerial navigation by sunlight.

text: The

text: antennae

text: are the most important sense organs Acromyrmex species possess, and are jointed so  the ant can extend them forward to investigate an object. It can retract them back over its head when in a dangerous situation, for example, a

text: fight

text: . Acromyrmex species have eyes, but their eyesight is very poor. Like all insects, the eye is

text: compound

text: , meaning it is made up of many eyelets called

text: ommatidia

text: , with the number of these eyelets varies according to species.  Male ants tend to have more ommatadia than other castes. The

text: ocelli

text: , which are generally found on top of the heads of queens, are thought to aid aerial navigation by sunlight.

text: A hearing test provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing and is most often performed by an audiologist using an audiometer.  An audiometer is used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different frequencies. There are other hearing tests as well, e.g., Weber test and Rinne test.

text: A hearing test provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of a person's sense of

text: hearing

text: and is most often performed by an

text: audiologist

text: using an

text: audiometer

text: .  An audiometer is used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different

text: frequencies

text: . There are other hearing tests as well, e.g.,

text: Weber test

text: and

text: Rinne test

text: TouchView™ Integrated Touch and Display Controllers - Solutions integrating touch and display technology in to single and two-chip solutions enabling devices to be thinner and lighter at lower costs. Synaptics touch and display driver integration (TDDI) supports ClearForce for variable force sensing, and ClearView DDIC features for enhancing display brightness, color, contrast and readability in sunlight, and power efficiency. For advanced touch features, TouchView products support virtually all ClearPad touch controller features.

text: A vision statement is a company's road map, indicating both what the company wants to become and guiding transformational initiatives by setting a defined direction for the company's growth. Vision statements undergo minimal revisions during the life of a business, unlike operational goals which may be updated from year-to-year.  Vision statements can range in length from short sentences to multiple pages.  Vision statements are also formally written and referenced in company documents rather than, for example, general principles informally articulated by senior management.

text: The novel describes Fuchsia as "a girl of about fifteen with long, rather wild black hair. She was gauche in movement and in a sense ugly of face, but with how small a twist might she not suddenly have become beautiful. Her sullen mouth was full and rich -- her eyes smoldered."

text: Many plants taste or smell similar to lemons.

text: Vaping is different than tobacco smoking, but there are some similarities with their behavioral habits, including the hand-to-mouth action and a vapor that looks like cigarette smoke. E-cigarettes provide a flavor and feel similar to smoking. A noticeable difference between the traditional cigarette and the e-cigarette is sense of touch. A traditional cigarette is smooth and light but an e-cigarette is rigid, cold and slightly heavier. Since e-cigarettes are more complex than traditional cigarettes, a learning curve is needed to use them correctly.

text: Vaping is different than

text: tobacco smoking

text: , but there are some similarities with their behavioral habits, including the hand-to-mouth action and a vapor that looks like cigarette smoke. E-cigarettes provide a flavor and feel similar to smoking. A noticeable difference between the traditional cigarette and the e-cigarette is

text: sense of touch

text: . A traditional cigarette is smooth and light but an e-cigarette is rigid, cold and slightly heavier. Since e-cigarettes are more complex than traditional cigarettes, a learning curve is needed to use them correctly.

text: As we have seen, the frame semantic account is by no means limited to the study of lexemes—with it, researchers may examine expressions at more complex levels, including the level of the sentence (or, more precisely, the utterance). The notion of framing is regarded as being of the same cast as the pragmatic notion of background assumptions. Philosopher of language John Searle explains the latter by asking readers to consider sentences like "The cat is on the mat". For such a sentence to make any sense, the interpreter makes a series of assumptions: i.e., that there is gravity, the cat is parallel to the mat, and the two touch. For the sentence to be intelligible, the speaker supposes that the interpreter has an idealized or default frame in mind.

text: As we have seen, the frame semantic account is by no means limited to the study of lexemes—with it, researchers may examine expressions at more complex levels, including the level of the sentence (or, more precisely, the utterance). The notion of framing is regarded as being of the same cast as the pragmatic notion of background assumptions. Philosopher of language

text: John Searle

text: explains the latter by asking readers to consider sentences like "The cat is on the mat". For such a sentence to make any sense, the interpreter makes a series of assumptions: i.e., that there is gravity, the cat is parallel to the mat, and the two touch. For the sentence to be intelligible, the speaker supposes that the interpreter has an idealized or default frame in mind.

text: Charles Tart provides a useful working definition of kinesthetic driving. It is the induction of trance through the sense of touch, feeling or emotions. Kinesthetic driving works through a process known as entrainment.

text: Charles Tart

text: provides a useful working definition of

text: kinesthetic

text: driving. It is the induction of trance through the

text: sense

text: of

text: touch

text: feeling

text: or

text: emotions

text: . Kinesthetic driving works through a process known as

text: entrainment

text: Thus, the rider stimulates, exercises and teaches the parts of the body that implement the act of balancing (toes, soles, ankles, knees, hips, shoulders, arms and neck) and the parts of the body and brain that create the sense of balance and that engineer the implementation of the act of balancing (inner ears, cerebellum, proprioceptors and eyes).

text: Thus, the rider stimulates, exercises and teaches the parts of the

text: body

text: that implement the act of balancing (toes, soles, ankles, knees, hips, shoulders, arms and neck) and the parts of the body and brain that create the sense of balance and that engineer the implementation of the act of balancing (

text: inner ears

text: cerebellum

text: proprioceptors

text: and

text: eyes

text: Collegiate fencing tournaments are "team tournaments" in a sense, but contrary to what many people expect, collegiate meets are not run as 45-touch relays. Schools compete against each other one at a time. In each weapon and gender, three fencers from each school fence three fencers on the opposing team in five-touch bouts. (Substitutions are allowed, so more than three fencers per squad can compete in a tournament.) A fencer's individual results in collegiate tournaments and regional championships are used to select the fencers who will compete in NCAA championships. Individual results for fencers from each school are combined to judge the school's overall performance and to calculate how it should be placed in a given tournament.

text: Used effectively a consumer then will associate these senses with a brand and feel a sense of familiarity when these senses are ignited.

text: The other two senses, gustatory (taste) and olfactory (smell), which are closely associated,  often seem to be less significant in general mental processing, and are often considered jointly as one.

text: While making the wearer invisible to Muggles and wizards, some creatures are able to sense people hidden under it. Snakes, for example, cannot see through the Cloak of Invisibility, but they can somehow detect people under it. Mrs. Norris, Filch's cat, also seems to sense Harry when he wears the cloak. Wearers can also be detected by the "Homenum Revelio" spell. In Goblet of Fire, Moody's magical eye can see Harry under the cloak. In Prisoner of Azkaban, Dumbledore warns that the Dementors' perception of humans is unhindered by invisibility cloaks, as they are blind and sense people through emotions.

text: While making the wearer invisible to Muggles and wizards, some creatures are able to sense people hidden under it. Snakes, for example, cannot see through the Cloak of Invisibility, but they can somehow detect people under it. Mrs. Norris,

text: Filch

text: 's cat, also seems to sense Harry when he wears the cloak. Wearers can also be detected by the "Homenum Revelio" spell. In Goblet of Fire, Moody's magical eye can see Harry under the cloak. In Prisoner of Azkaban, Dumbledore warns that the

text: Dementors'

text: perception of humans is unhindered by invisibility cloaks, as they are blind and sense people through emotions.

text: Goya's physical and mental breakdown seems to have happened a few weeks after the French declaration of war on Spain. A contemporary reported, "The noises in his head and deafness aren’t improving, yet his vision is much better and he is back in control of his balance." These symptoms may indicate a prolonged viral encephalitis, or possibly a series of miniature strokes resulting from high blood pressure and which affected the hearing and balance centers of the brain. The triad of tinnitus, episodes of imbalance, and progressive deafness are also typical of Ménière's disease. It is even possible that Goya suffered from cumulative lead poisoning, as he used massive amounts of lead white in his paintings, both as a canvas primer and as a primary color.

text: Goya's physical and mental breakdown seems to have happened a few weeks after the French declaration of war on Spain. A contemporary reported, "The noises in his head and deafness aren’t improving, yet his vision is much better and he is back in control of his balance." These symptoms may indicate a prolonged viral encephalitis, or possibly a series of miniature strokes resulting from high blood pressure and which affected the hearing and balance centers of the brain. The triad of

text: tinnitus

text: , episodes of

text: imbalance

text: , and progressive

text: deafness

text: are also typical of

text: Ménière's disease

text: . It is even possible that Goya suffered from cumulative lead poisoning, as he used massive amounts of

text: lead white

text: in his paintings, both as a canvas primer and as a primary color.

text: During a training session in the balance beam in 2009, Peña suffered concussion, which has permanently affected her sense of smell.

text: During a training session in the balance beam in 2009, Peña suffered

text: concussion

text: , which has permanently affected her

text: sense of smell

text: Taste or gustation (adjectival form: gustatory) is one of the traditional five senses. It refers to the capability to detect the taste of substances such as food, certain minerals, and poisons, etc. The sense of taste is often confused with the "sense" of flavor, which is a combination of taste and smell perception. Flavor depends on odor, texture, and temperature as well as on taste. Humans receive tastes through sensory organs called taste buds, or gustatory calyculi, concentrated on the upper surface of the tongue. There are five basic tastes: sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. Other tastes such as calcium and free fatty acids may also be basic tastes but have yet to receive widespread acceptance. The inability to taste is called ageusia.

text: Taste

text: or gustation (adjectival form: gustatory) is one of the traditional five senses. It refers to the capability to detect the taste of substances such as food, certain minerals, and poisons, etc. The sense of taste is often confused with the "sense" of flavor, which is a combination of taste and smell perception. Flavor depends on odor, texture, and temperature as well as on taste. Humans receive tastes through sensory organs called taste buds, or gustatory calyculi, concentrated on the upper surface of the tongue. There are five

text: basic taste

text: s:

text: sweet

text: bitter

text: sour

text: salty

text: and

text: umami

text: . Other tastes such as calcium and

text: free fatty acids

text: may also be basic tastes but have yet to receive widespread acceptance. The inability to taste is called

text: ageusia

text: Brand identity is the embodiment behind a corporation's reason for existence. Simply, the brand identity is a set of individual components, such as a name, a design, a set of imagery, a slogan, a vision, etc. which set the brand aside from others.In order for a company to exude a strong sense of brand identity, it must have an in-depth understanding of its target market, competitors and the surrounding business environment. Brand identity includes both the core identity and the extended identity. The core identity reflects consistent long-term associations with the brand; whereas the extended identity involves the intricate details of the brand that help generate a constant motif.

text: Orthoptists specialize in diagnosis and management of eye movement and coordination problems, misalignment of the visual axis, convergence and accommodation problems, and conditions such as amblyopia, strabismus, and binocular vision disorders, as outlined by the International Orthoptic Association. They may assist ophthalmologists in surgery, teach orthoptic students, students of other allied health professions, medical students, and ophthalmology residents and fellows, act as vision researchers, perform vision screening, perform low vision assessments and act as clinical administrators.

text: Orthoptists specialize in diagnosis and management of eye movement and coordination problems, misalignment of the visual axis, convergence and accommodation problems, and conditions such as

text: amblyopia

text: strabismus

text: , and

text: binocular vision

text: disorders, as outlined by the

text: International Orthoptic Association

text: . They may assist ophthalmologists in surgery, teach orthoptic students, students of other allied health professions, medical students, and ophthalmology residents and fellows, act as vision researchers, perform vision screening, perform low vision assessments and act as clinical administrators.

text: The tasks presented in these games are usually trivial for humans, but difficult for computers. These tasks include labeling images, transcribing ancient texts, common sense or human experience based activities, and more. Human-based computation games motivate people through entertainment rather than an interest in solving computation problems. This makes GWAPs more appealing to a larger audience. GWAPs can be used to help build the semantic web, annotate and classify collected data, crowdsource general knowledge, and improving other general computer processes.GWAPs have a vast range of applications in variety of areas such as security, computer vision, Internet accessibility, adult content filtering, and Internet search. In applications such as these, games with a purpose have lowered the cost of annotating data and increased the level of human participation.

text: abandon all happenings around you - all things listened to, or seen, or felt by touch (senses).

text: 3D touch software has been a primary focus of Novint since its inception, and Novint has had more focus historically on software than hardware. Novint's software was created to give users an accurate sense of touch in computing.

text: Donald Walton stated in his book that touching is the ultimate expression of closeness or confidence between two people, but not seen often in business or formal relationships. Touching stresses how special the message is that is being sent by the initiator. "If a word of praise is accompanied by a touch on the shoulder, that’s the gold star on the ribbon," wrote Walton.

text: Phantosmia (olfactory hallucinations), smelling an odor that is not actually there, and parosmia (olfactory illusions), inhaling a real odor but perceiving it as different scent than remembered, are distortions to the sense of smell (olfactory system) that, in most cases, are not caused by anything serious and usually go away on their own in time. It can result from a range of conditions such as nasal infections, nasal polyps, dental problems, migraines, head injuries, seizures, strokes, or brain tumors. Environmental exposures are sometimes the cause as well, such as smoking, exposure to certain types of chemicals (e.g., insecticides or solvents), or radiation treatment for head or neck cancer. It can also be a symptom of certain mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, intoxication or withdrawal from  drugs and alcohol, or psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). The perceived odors are usually unpleasant and commonly described as smelling burned, foul spoiled, or rotten.

text: Phantosmia (olfactory hallucinations), smelling an odor that is not actually there, and parosmia (olfactory illusions), inhaling a real odor but perceiving it as different scent than remembered, are distortions to the sense of smell (

text: olfactory system

text: ) that, in most cases, are not caused by anything serious and usually go away on their own in time. It can result from a range of conditions such as nasal infections,

text: nasal polyps

text: , dental problems, migraines, head injuries,

text: seizures

text: , strokes, or brain tumors. Environmental exposures are sometimes the cause as well, such as smoking, exposure to certain types of chemicals (e.g., insecticides or

text: solvent

text: s), or radiation treatment for head or neck cancer. It can also be a symptom of certain

text: mental disorder

text: s such as

text: depression

text: bipolar disorder

text: , intoxication or

text: withdrawal

text: from  drugs and alcohol, or

text: psychotic disorder

text: s (e.g.,

text: schizophrenia

text: ). The perceived odors are usually unpleasant and commonly described as smelling burned, foul spoiled, or rotten.

text: Hearing or audition (adjectival form: auditory) is the sense of sound perception. Hearing is all about vibration. Mechanoreceptors turn motion into electrical nerve pulses, which are located in the inner ear. Since sound is vibration, propagating through a medium such as air, the detection of these vibrations, that is the sense of the hearing, is a mechanical sense because these vibrations are mechanically conducted from the eardrum through a series of tiny bones to hair-like fibers in the inner ear, which detect mechanical motion of the fibers within a range of about 20 to 20,000 hertz, with substantial variation between individuals. Hearing at high frequencies declines with an increase in age. Inability to hear is called deafness or hearing impairment. Sound can also be detected as vibrations conducted through the body by tactition. Lower frequencies that can be heard are detected this way. Some deaf people are able to determine direction and location of vibrations picked up through the feet.

text: Hearing

text: or audition (adjectival form: auditory) is the sense of

text: sound

text: perception. Hearing is all about vibration. Mechanoreceptors turn motion into electrical nerve pulses, which are located in the inner ear. Since sound is vibration, propagating through a medium such as air, the detection of these vibrations, that is the sense of the hearing, is a mechanical sense because these vibrations are mechanically conducted from the eardrum through a series of tiny bones to hair-like fibers in the

text: inner ear

text: , which detect mechanical motion of the fibers within a range of about 20 to 20,000

text: hertz

text: , with substantial variation between individuals. Hearing at high frequencies declines with an increase in age. Inability to hear is called

text: deafness

text: or hearing impairment. Sound can also be detected as

text: vibrations conducted through the body

text: by tactition. Lower frequencies that can be heard are detected this way. Some deaf people are able to determine direction and location of vibrations picked up through the feet.

text: The five (outward) senses, as described in Cursor Mundi, are "hering" (hearing), "sight", "smelling" (smell), "fele" (touch) and "cheuing" (taste).  It relates them to the five Aristotelian elements (which Aristotle describes in De Caelo), with sight coming from fire, hearing from the upper air (the aether), smell from the lower air, taste from water, and touch from earth.  This definition of the origins of human senses was an exceedingly popular one throughout the Middle Ages in Europe, not least because of its rough agreement with chapter 30 of the Second Book of Enoch.

text: The five (outward) senses, as described in

text: Cursor Mundi

text: , are "hering" (hearing), "sight", "smelling" (smell), "fele" (touch) and "cheuing" (taste).  It relates them to the five Aristotelian elements (which Aristotle describes in

text: De Caelo

text: ), with sight coming from fire, hearing from the upper air (the aether), smell from the lower air, taste from water, and touch from earth.  This definition of the origins of human senses was an exceedingly popular one throughout the

text: Middle Ages

text: in Europe, not least because of its rough agreement with chapter 30 of the

text: Second Book of Enoch

text: Just as Daredevil's other senses are stronger, they are also sensitive; his main weakness is his vulnerability to powerful sounds or odors that can temporarily weaken his radar sense. This weakness is often used to immobilize Daredevil. Alternately, the lack of taste or smell can be used against him, as in one instance of a hallucinogenic drug so designed so that Daredevil could not tell he was drugged. His senses are highly acute, capable of sensing the minor atmospheric disturbance created moments before a teleporting character appears.

text: RNA viruses can be further classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into negative-sense and positive-sense, or ambisense RNA viruses. Positive-sense viral RNA is similar to mRNA and thus can be immediately translated by the host cell. Negative-sense viral RNA is complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA by a RNA polymerase before translation. As such, purified RNA of a positive-sense virus can directly cause infection though it may be less infectious than the whole virus particle. Purified RNA of a negative-sense virus is not infectious by itself as it needs to be transcribed into positive-sense RNA; each virion can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs. Ambisense RNA viruses resemble negative-sense RNA viruses, except they also translate genes from the positive strand.

text: RNA viruses can be further classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into

text: negative-sense

text: and

text: positive-sense

text: , or ambisense RNA viruses. Positive-sense viral RNA is similar to

text: mRNA

text: and thus can be immediately

text: translated

text: by the host cell. Negative-sense viral RNA is complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA by a

text: RNA polymerase

text: before translation. As such, purified RNA of a positive-sense virus can directly cause infection though it may be less infectious than the whole virus particle. Purified RNA of a negative-sense virus is not infectious by itself as it needs to be

text: transcribed

text: into positive-sense RNA; each

text: virion

text: can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs.

text: Ambisense

text: RNA viruses resemble negative-sense RNA viruses, except they also translate genes from the positive strand.

text: Many aboveground fish may enter caves on occasion, but obligate cavefish (fish living strictly in caves) are extremophiles with a number of unusual adaptions known as troglomorphism. In five species, the Mexican tetra, shortfin molly, Oman garra, Aspidoras albater and Pterocryptis bucccata, both "normal" aboveground and cavefish forms exist. Living in darkness, pigmentation and eyes are useless and typically reduced in cavefish. Other examples are a loss of scales, swim bladder and behaviors such as certain types of display. The loss can be complete or only partial, for example resulting in small (but still existing) eyes. In some cases, "blind" cavefish may still be able to see; juvenile Mexican tetras of the cave form are able to sense light via certain cells in the pineal gland. In the most extreme cases, the lack of light has changed the circadian rhythm (24-hour internal body clock) of the cavefish. In the Mexican tetra of the cave form and in Phreatichthys andruzzii the circadian rhythm lasts 30 hours and 47 hours, respectively. This may help them to save energy. Without sight, other senses are used and these may be enhanced. Examples include the lateral line for sensing vibrations, chemoreception (via smell and taste buds), electroreception, and mouth suction to sense nearby obstacles (comparable to echolocation). Cavefish are quite small with few species surpassing  in length. At up to , the blind cave eel is the longest known cavefish.

text: Many aboveground fish may enter caves

text: on occasion

text: , but obligate cavefish (fish living strictly in caves) are

text: extremophile

text: s with a number of unusual adaptions known as

text: troglomorphism

text: . In five species, the

text: Mexican tetra

text: shortfin molly

text: Oman garra

text: Aspidoras

text: albater and

text: Pterocryptis

text: bucccata, both "normal" aboveground and cavefish forms exist. Living in darkness,

text: pigmentation

text: and eyes are useless and typically reduced in cavefish. Other examples are a loss of

text: scales

text: swim bladder

text: and behaviors such as certain types of

text: display

text: . The loss can be complete or only partial, for example resulting in small (but still existing) eyes. In some cases, "blind" cavefish may still be able to see; juvenile Mexican tetras of the cave form are able to sense light via certain cells in the

text: pineal gland

text: . In the most extreme cases, the lack of light has changed the

text: circadian rhythm

text: (24-hour internal body clock) of the cavefish. In the Mexican tetra of the cave form and in

text: Phreatichthys andruzzii

text: the circadian rhythm lasts 30 hours and 47 hours, respectively. This may help them to save energy. Without sight, other senses are used and these may be enhanced. Examples include the

text: lateral line

text: for sensing vibrations,

text: chemoreception

text: (via smell and

text: taste bud

text: s),

text: electroreception

text: , and mouth suction to sense nearby obstacles (comparable to

text: echolocation

text: ). Cavefish are quite small with few species surpassing  in length. At up to , the

text: blind cave eel

text: is the longest known cavefish.

text: The problem is made worse by the fact that there is so much widespread and apparently irresolveable disagreement about moral values. Why do these not get settled through the careful use of the moral sense? There are no long disputes about whether some object is green – these would be quickly settled if we just invited the disputing parties to look. Why does the moral sense not settle moral disagreements in a similarly simple way?

text: Acuity is a measure of visual performance and does not relate to the eyeglass prescription required to correct vision. Instead, an eye exam seeks to find the prescription that will provide the best corrected visual performance achievable. The resulting acuity may be greater or less than 6/6 = 1.0. Indeed, a subject diagnosed as having 6/6 vision will often actually have higher visual acuity because, once this standard is attained, the subject is considered to have normal (in the sense of undisturbed) vision and smaller optotypes are not tested. Emmetropic subjects with 6/6 vision or "better" (20/15, 20/10, etc.), may still require an eyeglass correction for other problems related to the visual system, such as astigmatism, ocular injuries, or presbyopia.

text: Acuity is a measure of visual performance and does not relate to the eyeglass prescription required to correct vision. Instead, an

text: eye exam

text: seeks to find the prescription that will provide the best corrected visual performance achievable. The resulting acuity may be greater or less than 6/6 = 1.0. Indeed, a subject diagnosed as having 6/6 vision will often actually have higher visual acuity because, once this standard is attained, the subject is considered to have normal (in the sense of undisturbed) vision and smaller optotypes are not tested.

text: Emmetropic

text: subjects with 6/6 vision or "better" (20/15, 20/10, etc.), may still require an eyeglass correction for other problems related to the visual system, such as

text: astigmatism

text: , ocular injuries, or

text: presbyopia

text: Audiology (from Latin ''audīre'', "to hear"; and from Greek -λογία, -logia) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. Its practitioners, who treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage are audiologists. Employing various testing strategies (e.g. hearing tests, otoacoustic emission measurements, videonystagmography, and electrophysiologic tests), audiology aims to determine whether someone can hear within the normal range, and if not, which portions of hearing (high, middle, or low frequencies) are affected and to what degree. If an audiologist determines that a hearing loss or vestibular abnormality is present he or she will provide recommendations to a patient as to what options (e.g. hearing aid, cochlear implants, appropriate medical referrals) may be of assistance.

text: Audiology (from

text: Latin

text: ''audīre'', "to hear"; and from

text: Greek

text: -λογία,

text: -logia

text: ) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders. Its practitioners, who treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage are audiologists. Employing various testing strategies (e.g.

text: hearing test

text: s, otoacoustic emission measurements, videonystagmography, and electrophysiologic tests), audiology aims to determine whether someone can hear within the normal range, and if not, which portions of hearing (high, middle, or low

text: frequencies

text: ) are affected and to what degree. If an audiologist determines that a

text: hearing loss

text: or vestibular abnormality is present he or she will provide recommendations to a patient as to what options (e.g.

text: hearing aid

text: cochlear implant

text: s, appropriate medical referrals) may be of assistance.

text: This work is a good example of a work by Xiang Jing. The figures in this work are very realistic. They could easily be mistaken as real women if they were viewed from a distance, but once the viewer gets closer to the work, they can tell that they are just sculptures. This work shows mystery behind the work of Xiang Jing. The viewers can not understand what is trying to be conveyed to them through the women. The women clearly have something wrong but it is not clear what it is. Their eyes seem like they are in depression or some sort of discomfort. It is up to the viewer to decide what is wrong and what the women are doing to try to fix it. In all of Xiang Jing's works, there is a sense of mystery behind the women. She conveys different emotions with their eyes but it is the individual viewer to imagine what experiences the woman has gone through and what she is feeling.

text: This work is a good example of a work by Xiang Jing. The figures in this work are very realistic. They could easily be mistaken as real women if they were viewed from a distance, but once the viewer gets closer to the work, they can tell that they are just sculptures. This work shows mystery behind the work of Xiang Jing. The viewers can not understand what is trying to be conveyed to them through the women. The women clearly have something wrong but it is not clear what it is. Their eyes seem like they are in depression or some sort of

text: discomfort

text: . It is up to the viewer to decide what is wrong and what the women are doing to try to fix it. In all of Xiang Jing's works, there is a sense of mystery behind the women. She conveys different emotions with their eyes but it is the individual viewer to imagine what experiences the woman has gone through and what she is feeling.

text: Simon Crompton has distinguished what he calls "productive narcissists" from "unproductive narcissists". Maccoby acknowledged that "productive narcissists still tend to be over-sensitive to criticism, over-competitive, isolated, and grandiose," but considered that "what draws them out is that they have a sense of freedom to do whatever they want rather than feeling constantly constrained by circumstances," and that through their charisma they are able to "draw people into their vision, and produce a cohort of disciples who will pursue the dream for all it's worth."

text: Simon Crompton

text: has distinguished what he calls "productive narcissists" from "unproductive narcissists". Maccoby acknowledged that "productive narcissists still tend to be over-sensitive to criticism, over-competitive, isolated, and grandiose," but considered that "what draws them out is that they have a sense of freedom to do whatever they want rather than feeling constantly constrained by circumstances," and that through their charisma they are able to "draw people into their vision, and produce a cohort of disciples who will pursue the dream for all it's worth."

text: Otlet integrated new media, as they were invented, into his vision of the networked knowledge-base of the future. In the early 1900s, Otlet worked with engineer Robert Goldschmidt on storing bibliographic data on microfilm (then known as "micro-photography"). These experiments continued into the 1920s, and by the late 1920s he attempted along with colleagues to create an encyclopedia printed entirely on microfilm, known as the Encyclopaedia Microphotica Mundaneum, which was housed in the Mundaneum. In the 1920s and 1930s, he wrote about radio and television as other forms of conveying information, writing in the 1934 Traité de documentation that "one after another, marvellous inventions have immensely extended the possibilities of documentation." In the same book, he predicted that media that would convey feel, taste and smell would also eventually be invented, and that an ideal information-conveyance system should be able to handle all of what he called "sense-perception documents".

text: Otlet integrated new media, as they were invented, into his vision of the networked knowledge-base of the future. In the early 1900s, Otlet worked with engineer

text: Robert Goldschmidt

text: on storing bibliographic data on

text: microfilm

text: (then known as "micro-photography"). These experiments continued into the 1920s, and by the late 1920s he attempted along with colleagues to create an encyclopedia printed entirely on microfilm, known as the Encyclopaedia Microphotica Mundaneum, which was housed in the Mundaneum. In the 1920s and 1930s, he wrote about radio and television as other forms of conveying information, writing in the 1934 Traité de documentation that "one after another, marvellous inventions have immensely extended the possibilities of documentation." In the same book, he predicted that media that would convey feel, taste and smell would also eventually be invented, and that an ideal information-conveyance system should be able to handle all of what he called "sense-perception documents".

text: Third, the perceptions of each individual sense seemingly have nothing in common with the other senses: i.e., the color "red" has little to do with the feeling of touching a red object. This is manifest when our senses "disagree" with each other: for example, a mirage presents certain visible features, but is not responsive to any other kind of sense. In that case, our other senses defeat the impressions of sight. But one may also be lacking enough powers of sense to understand the world in its entirety: if one had an extra sense, then one might know of things in a way that the present five senses are unable to advise us of. Given that our senses can be shown to be unreliable by appealing to other senses, and so our senses may be incomplete (relative to some more perfect sense that one lacks), then it follows that all of our senses may be unreliable. (Empiricus:58)

text: In 1983, Shaw and Russell formed a new band, Sense Of Vision, with former Games keyboardist Colin Hughes, and released the double A-Side Dream/Destiny on 24 January 1984. The single was reviewed by Peter Trollope in his "In The Groove" column in the Liverpool Echo. Trollope wrote, "[...] Of the two tracks Destiny has probably the more commercial hook to it. This single shows they [...] are going to be one to watch out for." Sense Of Vision self-released a number of cassette singles throughout 1984 and 1985, but disbanded shortly afterwards.

text: The hypothesis claims that visual illusions occur because the neural circuitry in our visual system evolves, by neural learning, to a system that makes very efficient interpretations of usual 3D scenes based in the emergence of simplified models in our brain that speed up the interpretation process but give rise to optical illusions in unusual situations. In this sense, the cognitive processes hypothesis can be considered a framework for an understanding of optical illusions as the signature of the empirical statistical way vision has evolved to solve the inverse problem.

text: The lip has many nerve endings  and reacts as part of the tactile (touch) senses.  Lips are very sensitive to touch, warmth, and cold.  It is therefore an important aid for exploring unknown objects for babies and toddlers.

text: The lip has many

text: nerve ending

text: s  and reacts as part of the

text: tactile

text: (touch) senses.  Lips are very sensitive to touch, warmth, and cold.  It is therefore an important aid for exploring unknown objects for babies and toddlers.

text: Problems that can be solved in theory (e.g., given large but finite time), but which in practice take too long for their solutions to be useful, are known as intractable problems. In complexity theory, problems that lack polynomial-time solutions are considered to be intractable for more than the smallest inputs. In fact, the Cobham–Edmonds thesis states that only those problems that can be solved in polynomial time can be feasibly computed on some computational device. Problems that are known to be intractable in this sense include those that are EXPTIME-hard. If NP is not the same as P, then the NP-complete problems are also intractable in this sense. To see why exponential-time algorithms might be unusable in practice, consider a program that makes 2 operations before halting. For small n, say 100, and assuming for the sake of example that the computer does 10 operations each second, the program would run for about 4 × 10 years, which is the same order of magnitude as the age of the universe. Even with a much faster computer, the program would only be useful for very small instances and in that sense the intractability of a problem is somewhat independent of technological progress. Nevertheless, a polynomial time algorithm is not always practical. If its running time is, say, n, it is unreasonable to consider it efficient and it is still useless except on small instances.

text: Problems that can be solved in theory (e.g., given large but finite time), but which in practice take too long for their solutions to be useful, are known as intractable problems. In complexity theory, problems that lack polynomial-time solutions are considered to be intractable for more than the smallest inputs. In fact, the

text: Cobham–Edmonds thesis

text: states that only those problems that can be solved in polynomial time can be feasibly computed on some computational device. Problems that are known to be intractable in this sense include those that are

text: EXPTIME

text: -hard. If NP is not the same as P, then the NP-complete problems are also intractable in this sense. To see why exponential-time algorithms might be unusable in practice, consider a program that makes 2 operations before halting. For small n, say 100, and assuming for the sake of example that the computer does 10 operations each second, the program would run for about 4 × 10 years, which is the same order of magnitude as the

text: age of the universe

text: . Even with a much faster computer, the program would only be useful for very small instances and in that sense the intractability of a problem is somewhat independent of technological progress. Nevertheless, a polynomial time algorithm is not always practical. If its running time is, say, n, it is unreasonable to consider it efficient and it is still useless except on small instances.

text: TouchFLO is a user-interface designed by HTC.  It is used by dragging a finger up the screen and moving a finger left and right to access common tasks. TouchFLO was used in the HTC Touch Family of Pocket PCs and was succeeded by TouchFLO 3D, which in turn was succeeded by HTC Sense. TouchFLO can be found on these phones:

text: TouchFLO is a user-interface designed by

text: HTC

text: .  It is used by dragging a finger up the screen and moving a finger left and right to access common tasks. TouchFLO was used in the

text: HTC Touch Family

text: of

text: Pocket PC

text: s and was succeeded by TouchFLO 3D, which in turn was succeeded by

text: HTC Sense

text: . TouchFLO can be found on these phones:

text: The ability a pigeon has to return home from a strange location necessitates two sorts of information. The first, called "map sense" is their geographic location. The second, "compass sense" is the bearing they need to fly from their new location in order to reach their home. Both of these senses, however, respond to a number of different cues in different situations. The most popular conception of how pigeons are able to do this is that they are able to sense the Earth's magnetic field with tiny magnetic tissues in their head (magnetoception). This is all the more surprising as they are not a migratory species, which is a fact used by some ornithologists to dispute this theory. Another theory is that pigeons have compass sense, which uses the position of the sun, along with an internal clock, to work out direction. However, studies have shown that if magnetic disruption or clock changes disrupt these senses, the pigeon can still manage to get home. The variability in the effects of manipulations to these sense of the pigeons indicates that there is more than one cue on which navigation is based and that map sense appears to rely on a comparison of available cues

text: The ability a pigeon has to return home from a strange location necessitates two sorts of information. The first, called "map sense" is their geographic location. The second, "compass sense" is the bearing they need to fly from their new location in order to reach their home. Both of these senses, however, respond to a number of different cues in different situations. The most popular conception of how pigeons are able to do this is that they are able to sense the

text: Earth's magnetic field

text: with tiny magnetic tissues in their head (

text: magnetoception

text: ). This is all the more surprising as they are not a

text: migratory

text: species, which is a fact used by some ornithologists to dispute this theory. Another theory is that pigeons have compass sense, which uses the position of the sun, along with an internal clock, to work out direction. However, studies have shown that if magnetic disruption or clock changes disrupt these senses, the pigeon can still manage to get home. The variability in the effects of manipulations to these sense of the pigeons indicates that there is more than one cue on which navigation is based and that map sense appears to rely on a comparison of available cues

text: With Rediscovery of Awe and Awakening to Awe, Schneider drew upon the rich heritage of existential-spiritual philosophy as elaborated by such thinkers as Paul Tillich, Martin Buber, Abraham Heschel, Søren Kierkegaard, and William James as well as his own clinical and personal observations to cultivate an "awe-based" approach to psychology and life. By "awe-based," Schneider means the sense of humility and wonder or adventure one experiences simply by living. While the sense of awe may be inherent to living it also must be cultivated periodically, lest it be crushed by our "quick fix," efficiency oriented culture; or by political or religious dogma. In Rediscovery of Awe, Schneider set forth the principles of an awe-based psychology as well as applications of those principles to concrete spheres of life, such as the educational setting, the work setting, and the ethical-spiritual setting. In "Awakening to Awe," Schneider focused specifically on how the sense of awe radically transformed seven lives. Among the people he investigated were a former gang member who became a gang mediator, an ex drug addict who became a case worker and Yoga instructor, and a survivor of stage-three cancer. Finally, in Existential-Integrative Psychotherapy, Schneider showed how the humility and wonder cultivated in good therapy can inspire the humility and wonder, or, in short awe, that can be nurtured outside of good therapy. In his most recent book, "The polarized mind: Why it's killing us and what we can do about it,"  (2013), Schneider shows how the sense of awe and encounter with life's mystery can be an antidote to destructive and totalitarian cultures as well as individuals.

text: With Rediscovery of Awe and Awakening to Awe, Schneider drew upon the rich heritage of existential-spiritual philosophy as elaborated by such thinkers as

text: Paul Tillich

text: Martin Buber

text: Abraham Heschel

text: Søren Kierkegaard

text: , and

text: William James

text: as well as his own clinical and personal observations to cultivate an "awe-based" approach to psychology and life. By "awe-based," Schneider means the sense of humility and wonder or adventure one experiences simply by living. While the sense of awe may be inherent to living it also must be cultivated periodically, lest it be crushed by our "quick fix," efficiency oriented culture; or by political or religious

text: dogma

text: . In Rediscovery of Awe, Schneider set forth the principles of an awe-based psychology as well as applications of those principles to concrete spheres of life, such as the educational setting, the work setting, and the ethical-spiritual setting. In "Awakening to Awe," Schneider focused specifically on how the sense of

text: awe

text: radically transformed seven lives. Among the people he investigated were a former gang member who became a gang mediator, an ex drug addict who became a case worker and

text: Yoga

text: instructor, and a survivor of

text: stage-three cancer

text: . Finally, in Existential-Integrative Psychotherapy, Schneider showed how the humility and wonder cultivated in good therapy can inspire the humility and wonder, or, in short awe, that can be nurtured outside of good therapy. In his most recent book, "The polarized mind: Why it's killing us and what we can do about it,"  (2013), Schneider shows how the sense of awe and encounter with life's mystery can be an antidote to destructive and totalitarian cultures as well as individuals.

text: Harmonic –Harmonic accompaniment –Harmonic series (music) –Harmony –Hammond organ –Hearing (sense) –Hemiola –Hexachord –Hornbostel-Sachs –Hymn –Hip hop

text: Harmonic

text: Harmonic accompaniment

text: Harmonic series (music)

text: Harmony

text: Hammond organ

text: Hearing (sense)

text: Hemiola

text: Hexachord

text: Hornbostel-Sachs

text: Hymn

text: Hip hop

text: Similarly, among the defence mechanisms, as part of 'the mature ways of dealing with real stress...there's suppression – instead of repressing a frightening feeling and pushing it right out of awareness, you hold it in check and bear the discomfort of feeling it. That means you are more likely to be able to work out how to handle it, given a bit of time'. In this sense, 'delaying, as opposed to avoidance, is a fine mechanism, another form of the method of learning I call step-by-step'.

text: Similarly, among the

text: defence mechanisms

text: , as part of 'the mature ways of dealing with real stress...there's suppression – instead of repressing a frightening feeling and pushing it right out of awareness, you hold it in check and bear the discomfort of feeling it. That means you are more likely to be able to work out how to handle it, given a bit of time'. In this sense, 'delaying, as opposed to avoidance, is a fine mechanism, another form of the method of learning I call step-by-step'.

text: <blockquote>This film has been 7 years in the making, and is still only about 1/4 of the way to its fundraising goal. Our usual standard for listing an in-production film is that it have significant involvement of "name" individuals and measurable progress every 6 months. The involvement of the "name" people in this case is generally about 5 minutes each, plus trivially small (for them) financial contributions. The progress has continually been a moving target, with no end in sight. The words "The Last Dangerous Visions" will make sense to science fiction fans (it's a book that's been famously "coming soon" since 1973).

text: <blockquote>This film has been 7 years in the making, and is still only about 1/4 of the way to its fundraising goal. Our usual standard for listing an in-production film is that it have significant involvement of "name" individuals and measurable progress every 6 months. The involvement of the "name" people in this case is generally about 5 minutes each, plus trivially small (for them) financial contributions. The progress has continually been a moving target, with no end in sight. The words "

text: The Last Dangerous Visions

text: " will make sense to science fiction fans (it's a book that's been famously "coming soon" since 1973).

text: A singular solution y(x) of an ordinary differential equation is a solution that is singular or one for which the initial value problem (also called the Cauchy problem by some authors) fails to have a unique solution at some point on the solution. The set on which a solution is singular may be as small as a single point or as large as the full real line. Solutions which are singular in the sense that the initial value problem fails to have a unique solution need not be singular functions.

text: A singular solution y(x) of an

text: ordinary

text: differential equation

text: is a solution that is

text: singular

text: or one for which the

text: initial value problem

text: (also called the Cauchy problem by some authors) fails to have a unique solution at some point on the solution. The set on which a solution is singular may be as small as a single point or as large as the full real line. Solutions which are singular in the sense that the initial value problem fails to have a unique solution need not be

text: singular functions

text: A large compound eye with monochromatic vision is found on each side of the prosoma; it has five simple eyes on the carapace, and two simple eyes on the underside, just in front of the mouth, making a total of nine eyes. The simple eyes are probably important during the embryonic or larval stages of the organism, and even unhatched embryos seem to be able to sense light levels from within their buried eggs. The less sensitive compound eyes, and the median ocelli, become the dominant sight organs during adulthood.

text: A large

text: compound eye

text: with monochromatic vision is found on each side of the prosoma; it has five simple eyes on the carapace, and two simple eyes on the underside, just in front of the mouth, making a total of nine eyes. The simple eyes are probably important during the embryonic or larval stages of the organism, and even unhatched embryos seem to be able to sense light levels from within their buried eggs. The less sensitive compound eyes, and the median ocelli, become the dominant sight organs during adulthood.

text: William James is usually credited with popularizing the idea that human consciousness flows like a stream, in his Principles of Psychology of 1890.  According to James, the "stream of thought" is governed by five characteristics:  "(1) Every thought tends to be part of a personal consciousness. (2) Within each personal consciousness thought is always changing. (3) Within each personal consciousness thought is sensibly continuous. (4) It always appears to deal with objects independent of itself. (5) It is interested in some parts of these objects to the exclusion of others".  A similar concept appears in Buddhist philosophy, expressed by the Sanskrit term Citta-saṃtāna, which is usually translated as mindstream or "mental continuum". Buddhist teachings describe that consciousness manifests moment to moment as sense impressions and mental phenomena that are continuously changing. The teachings list six triggers that can result in the generation of different mental events. These triggers are input from the five senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or touch sensations), or a thought (relating to the past, present or the future) that happen to arise in the mind. The mental events generated as a result of these triggers are: feelings, perceptions and intentions/behaviour.  The moment-by-moment manifestation of the mind-stream is said to happen in every person all the time. It even happens in a scientist who analyses various phenomena in the world, or analyses the material body including the organ brain. The manifestation of the mindstream is also described as being influenced by physical laws, biological laws, psychological laws, volitional laws, and universal laws. The purpose of the Buddhist practice of mindfulness is to understand the inherent nature of the consciousness and its characteristics.

text: William James

text: is usually credited with popularizing the idea that human consciousness flows like a stream, in his Principles of Psychology of 1890.  According to James, the "stream of thought" is governed by five characteristics:  "(1) Every thought tends to be part of a personal consciousness. (2) Within each personal consciousness thought is always changing. (3) Within each personal consciousness thought is sensibly continuous. (4) It always appears to deal with objects independent of itself. (5) It is interested in some parts of these objects to the exclusion of others".  A similar concept appears in Buddhist philosophy, expressed by the Sanskrit term Citta-saṃtāna, which is usually translated as

text: mindstream

text: or "mental continuum". Buddhist teachings describe that consciousness manifests moment to moment as sense impressions and mental phenomena that are continuously changing. The teachings list six triggers that can result in the generation of different mental events. These triggers are input from the five senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or touch sensations), or a thought (relating to the past, present or the future) that happen to arise in the mind. The mental events generated as a result of these triggers are: feelings, perceptions and intentions/behaviour.  The moment-by-moment manifestation of the mind-stream is said to happen in every person all the time. It even happens in a scientist who analyses various phenomena in the world, or analyses the material body including the organ brain. The manifestation of the mindstream is also described as being influenced by physical laws, biological laws, psychological laws, volitional laws, and universal laws. The purpose of the Buddhist practice of

text: mindfulness

text: is to understand the inherent nature of the consciousness and its characteristics.

text: During the fourteenth century, the task of interpreting the Bible and God through the written word was restricted to men, specifically ordained priests; to interpret God through the senses and the body became the domain of women, primarily women mystics, especially in the late Middle Ages. Mystics directly experienced God in three classical ways: first, bodily visions, meaning to be aware with one's senses—sight, sound, or others; second, ghostly visions, such as spiritual visions and sayings directly imparted to the soul; and lastly, intellectual enlightenment, where her mind came into a new understanding of God.

text: Matt James of PopMatters praised the album as "an absolute blast" and opined, "Sure, it could have done without some of the interludes [...] but its overall sense of ambition is intoxicating. Visions rebellious contrariness to evade classification is part of the design and certainly part of the charm". Heather Phares of AllMusic concluded, "Fresh and surprisingly accessible despite its quirks,Visions is bewitching". Eric Harvey of Spin wrote, "The pervasive sense on Visions is of a young woman carefully pushing out of her own introversion, which makes the moments where she sings from the gut instead of the throat [...] or strives for human-on-human sensuality [...] all the more thrilling". Harvey continued, "Boucher's talent lies in the balance of exploiting her gifts and leveraging what's come before her, but judiciously". Kevin Liedel of Slant Magazine viewed the album as "a flawed but intimate glimpse into the fantasies of its creator, and while it might not act as a springboard to greater fame for Grimes, it's just as satisfying to hear her take her bedroom music into a darkened basement, away from the prying world." However, Luke Winkie of Under the Radar felt that Visions "isn't as much of an evolution as it is an elongation; Boucher is still making warped, sparsely-populated electro-pop, and the potential still outweighs the content", adding that the album "stands as a half-formed concept". Reyan Ali of The Phoenix stated that "the ever-fascinating Boucher clearly has unusual ideas sloshing around her skull", but ultimately criticized the album as "unnecessarily oblique, listlessly long (48 minutes!), and painfully shapeless". Rolling Stones Jody Rosen expressed that "Grimes isn't spooky enough to be 'ghostly,' and not substantial enough to hold your attention."

text: Matt James of

text: PopMatters

text: praised the album as "an absolute blast" and opined, "Sure, it could have done without some of the interludes [...] but its overall sense of ambition is intoxicating. Visions rebellious contrariness to evade classification is part of the design and certainly part of the charm". Heather Phares of

text: AllMusic

text: concluded, "Fresh and surprisingly accessible despite its quirks,Visions is bewitching". Eric Harvey of

text: Spin

text: wrote, "The pervasive sense on Visions is of a young woman carefully pushing out of her own introversion, which makes the moments where she sings from the gut instead of the throat [...] or strives for human-on-human sensuality [...] all the more thrilling". Harvey continued, "Boucher's talent lies in the balance of exploiting her gifts and leveraging what's come before her, but judiciously". Kevin Liedel of

text: Slant Magazine

text: viewed the album as "a flawed but intimate glimpse into the fantasies of its creator, and while it might not act as a springboard to greater fame for Grimes, it's just as satisfying to hear her take her bedroom music into a darkened basement, away from the prying world." However, Luke Winkie of

text: Under the Radar

text: felt that Visions "isn't as much of an evolution as it is an elongation; Boucher is still making warped, sparsely-populated electro-pop, and the potential still outweighs the content", adding that the album "stands as a half-formed concept". Reyan Ali of

text: The Phoenix

text: stated that "the ever-fascinating Boucher clearly has unusual ideas sloshing around her skull", but ultimately criticized the album as "unnecessarily oblique, listlessly long (48 minutes!), and painfully shapeless".

text: Rolling Stone

text: s

text: Jody Rosen

text: expressed that "Grimes isn't spooky enough to be 'ghostly,' and not substantial enough to hold your attention."

text: The phone supports GPRS and UMTS Internet access methods. Its dimensions are 89 mm × 47 mm × 23 mm, and it weighs 109 grams. The supplied battery has a capacity of 950 mAh and can last up to 310 hours in standby mode, or 195 minutes if the phone is used for calls. Other notable features of the phone include Touch-sensitive navigation keys using FSR (Force-Sensing Resistor) Technology, MP3/AAC player, Bluetooth, a Java virtual machine, FM radio, 16M colors QVGA TFT LCD, and 3.2 megapixel camera with autofocus.

text: The phone supports

text: GPRS

text: and

text: UMTS

text: Internet access methods. Its dimensions are 89 mm × 47 mm × 23 mm, and it weighs 109 grams. The supplied battery has a capacity of 950 mAh and can last up to 310 hours in standby mode, or 195 minutes if the phone is used for calls. Other notable features of the phone include Touch-sensitive navigation keys using

text: FSR

text: (Force-Sensing Resistor) Technology,

text: AAC

text: player,

text: Bluetooth

text: , a

text: Java virtual machine

text: FM

text: radio, 16M colors

text: QVGA

text: TFT LCD

text: , and 3.2

text: megapixel

text: camera with autofocus.

text: Kelly has designed Four Eyes as an epic story to be told in a series of arcs. In the first year, Kelly said, readers will learn "what happens to Enrico's dad and how a little boy learns about the dark underbelly of his father's other life. We’ll see his first dragon hunt and how he ultimately gets Four Eyes. Then, the long road to training his dragon - what a kid has to do to hide this very illegal animal, work with it, and turn it into a killer. Then, of course Four Eyes' first battle."

text: Many interactive books are made specifically for children. Touch-and-feel books, or texturized books, fall in this area. The prime age for touch and feel books is from toddler-age to preschool. Because these books are aimed specifically at helping children develop knowledge while increasing the use of their senses, appeal is lost to older generations who more than likely already possess the skills being taught. One of the key advantages to teaching senses and vocabulary through the use of touch and feel books is the connection a child can gain by instantly being rewarded with the texture that the word describes. In recent years, touch-and-feel books have gone to a new level with the creation of fun new ways for younger children to interact with books such as musical "bath books" and "finger puppet books". Most, but not all, of these books are also "board books", which are made entirely out of hard pages. Making the pages out of a hard material provides for durability, allowing them to resist whatever they may contact along with the young readers. Bath books can be taken into the tub because of their floatable and waterproof pages. A few of the top touch and feel book publishers are Dorling Kindersley, Usborne, Macmillan, and Lamaze.

text: Many affected individuals experience hearing loss and show symptoms of glue ear which demonstrate variable responsiveness to the insertion of myringotomy tubes or grommets.  Some patients have a poor sense of smell, which is believed to accompany high mucus production in the sinuses (although others report normal - or even acute - sensitivity to smell and taste). Clinical progression of the disease is variable with lung transplantation required in severe cases.  Susceptibility to infections can be drastically reduced by an early diagnosis.  Treatment with various chest physiotherapy techniques has been observed to reduce the incidence of lung infection and to slow the progression of bronchiectasis dramatically.  Aggressive treatment of sinus disease beginning at an early age is believed to slow long-term sinus damage (although this has not yet been adequately documented).  Aggressive measures to enhance clearance of mucus, prevent respiratory infections, and treat bacterial superinfections have been observed to slow lung-disease progression. Although the true incidence of the disease is unknown, it is estimated to be 1 in 32,000, although the actual incidence may be as high as 1 in 15,000.

text: Many affected individuals experience

text: hearing loss

text: and show symptoms of

text: glue ear

text: which demonstrate variable responsiveness to the insertion of

text: myringotomy

text: tubes or

text: grommet

text: s.  Some patients have a poor sense of smell, which is believed to accompany high

text: mucus

text: production in the sinuses (although others report normal - or even acute - sensitivity to smell and taste). Clinical progression of the disease is variable with

text: lung transplantation

text: required in severe cases.  Susceptibility to infections can be drastically reduced by an early diagnosis.  Treatment with various chest physiotherapy techniques has been observed to reduce the incidence of lung infection and to slow the progression of bronchiectasis dramatically.  Aggressive treatment of sinus disease beginning at an early age is believed to slow long-term sinus damage (although this has not yet been adequately documented).  Aggressive measures to enhance clearance of mucus, prevent respiratory infections, and treat bacterial superinfections have been observed to slow lung-disease progression. Although the true incidence of the disease is unknown, it is estimated to be 1 in 32,000, although the actual incidence may be as high as 1 in 15,000.

text: National Sense of Smell Day is an annual event sponsored by the Sense of Smell Institute. It is held on the last Saturday of April at children’s museums and science centers across the United States. The day is focused on how the sense of smell plays an important role in daily life and how it interacts with other senses (particularly taste). Typically, museums and science centers celebrating the day will feature hands-on activities and informational displays about the sense of smell.

text: National Sense of Smell Day is an annual event sponsored by the Sense of Smell Institute. It is held on the last Saturday of April at children’s museums and science centers across the

text: United States

text: . The day is focused on how the sense of smell plays an important role in daily life and how it interacts with other senses (particularly taste). Typically, museums and science centers celebrating the day will feature hands-on activities and informational displays about the sense of smell.

text: Later, Williams stated his analogy was "extreme – but it was to make a point", and "Some of us have strong opinions and are often misunderstood ... I was simply trying to explain how stupid it seemed to me – how ludicrous that pairing was. They're polar opposites, and it made no sense. They don't see eye-to-eye and never will."

text: During his ten-month stay at the Western Front of the World War I as a fighter-pilot, Sergeant Walter Lovell flew near daily Nieuport 17 and Spad VII aircraft on different missions, mostly behind the enemy line, eventually becoming Lafayette Escadrille's Adjutant. He scored only one confirmed victory - over Dun-sur-Meuse, in a close fight with Albatros D.V - many, according to James Norman Hall and other fellow-pilots, remained unaccountable. Lovell left the Lafayette Escadrille on 24 October 1917 for General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Force at Chaumont after his medical test indicated a hearing loss and color blindness, which kept him behind a desk for the balance of the war. In the Lafayette Escadrille, Lowell was not alone in his physical deficiency since the medical board discovered to its surprise that Raoul Lufbery did not have a proper sense of balance, William Thaw, Charles Dolan and Dudley Hill had poor vision in one eye, and Henry Jones had flat feet, which did not stop them from becoming celebrated World War I fliers.

text: During his ten-month stay at the Western Front of the World War I as a fighter-pilot, Sergeant Walter Lovell flew near daily

text: Nieuport 17

text: and

text: Spad VII

text: aircraft on different missions, mostly behind the enemy line, eventually becoming Lafayette Escadrille's Adjutant. He scored only one confirmed victory - over Dun-sur-Meuse, in a close fight with

text: Albatros D.V

text: - many, according to

text: James Norman Hall

text: and other fellow-pilots, remained unaccountable. Lovell left the

text: Lafayette Escadrille

text: on 24 October 1917 for General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Force at Chaumont after his medical test indicated a hearing loss and

text: color blindness

text: , which kept him behind a desk for the balance of the war. In the Lafayette Escadrille, Lowell was not alone in his physical deficiency since the medical board discovered to its surprise that

text: Raoul Lufbery

text: did not have a proper sense of balance,

text: William Thaw

text: , Charles Dolan and Dudley Hill had poor vision in one eye, and Henry Jones had flat feet, which did not stop them from becoming celebrated World War I fliers.

text: Providing balance, when moving or stationary, is also a central function of the ear. The ear facilitates two types of balance: static balance, which allows a person to feel the effects of gravity, and dynamic balance, which allows a person to sense acceleration.

text: Providing balance, when moving or stationary, is also a central function of the ear. The ear facilitates two types of balance: static balance, which allows a person to feel the effects of

text: gravity

text: , and dynamic balance, which allows a person to sense acceleration.

text: The new objection to the Homunculus Argument claims that it relies on a naive view of sensation.  Because the eyes respond to light rays is no reason for supposing that the visual field requires eyes to see it.  Visual sensation (the argument can be extrapolated to the other senses) bears no direct resemblance to the light rays at the retina, nor to the character of what they are reflected from or pass through or what was glowing at the origin of them.  The reason given is that they only bear the similarities of co-variation with what arrives at the retinas.  Just as the currents in a wire going to a loudspeaker vary proportionately with the sounds that emanate from it but have no other likeness, so too does sensation vary proportionately (and not necessarily directly) with what causes it but bears no other resemblance to the input.  This implies that the colour we experience is actually a cortical occurrence, and that light rays and external surfaces are not themselves coloured.  The proportional variations with which cortical colour changes are there in the external world, but not colour as we experience it.  Contrary to what Gilbert Ryle believed, those who argue for sensations being brain processes do not have to hold that there is a "picture" in the brain since this is impossible according to this theory since actual pictures in the external world are not coloured. It is plain that Ryle unthinkingly carried over what the eyes do to the nature of sensation; A. J. Ayer at the time described Ryle's position as "very weak". So there is no "screen" in front of cortical "eyes", no mental objects before one. As Thomas Hobbes put it: "How do we take notice of sense?—by sense itself". Moreland Perkins has characterized it thus: that sensing is not like kicking a ball, but rather "kicking a kick". Today there are still philosophers arguing for colour being a property of external surfaces, light sources, etc.

text: Low vision is both a subspeciality and a condition. Optometrists and Ophthalmologists after their training may undergo further training in Low vision assessment and management. There are various classifications for low vision, this varies from country to country and even from state to state. It must however be noted that the work of a low vision specialist is very important as they aid individuals with reduced vision even in the presence of conventional lenses to be able to make use of their residual vision. For a person to benefit from low vision assessment, he or she must be motivated to make use of the residual vision and must again be willing to use the various aids that would be prescribed.

text: Low vision

text: is both a subspeciality and a condition.

text: Optometrists

text: and

text: Ophthalmologists

text: after their training may undergo further training in Low vision assessment and management. There are various classifications for low vision, this varies from

text: country

text: to country and even from

text: state

text: to state. It must however be noted that the work of a low vision specialist is very important as they aid individuals with reduced vision even in the presence of conventional lenses to be able to make use of their residual

text: vision

text: . For a person to benefit from low vision assessment, he or she must be motivated to make use of the residual vision and must again be willing to use the various aids that would be prescribed.

text: Central to Hallstein's ideas on Europe was his vision of a federal Europe. He called European integration a "revolutionary endeavour" that would take a long time. According to Hallstein's analysis of the situation, European integration was favoured by the external threat from the Soviet bloc and the internal threat of conflict between the states of central and western Europe and the political and economic fragility of some European democracies.Hallstein and his staff at the Foreign Office aimed for a constitutional framework in the federalist sense – a supranational concept that was opposed by the school centred around Ludwig Erhard and the Ministry of Economics, who advocated intergovernmental, economic cooperation, founded on free trade.

text: Central to Hallstein's ideas on Europe was his vision of a federal Europe. He called European integration a "revolutionary endeavour" that would take a long time. According to Hallstein's analysis of the situation, European integration was favoured by the external threat from the

text: Soviet bloc

text: and the internal threat of conflict between the states of central and western Europe and the political and economic fragility of some European democracies.Hallstein and his staff at the Foreign Office aimed for a constitutional framework in the federalist sense – a supranational concept that was opposed by the school centred around

text: Ludwig Erhard

text: and the Ministry of Economics, who advocated intergovernmental, economic cooperation, founded on free trade.

text: Often people who have congenital anosmia report that they pretended to be able to smell as children because they thought that smelling was something that older/mature people could do, or did not understand the concept of smelling but did not want to appear different from others. When children get older, they often realize and report to their parents that they do not actually possess a sense of smell, often to the surprise of their parents.

text: There are many obscure macular retinal disorders that can lead to a loss of colour vision, and many of these syndromes are inherited as well. There may also be a problem with a generalized loss of vision with these problems as well. Other retinal problems can lead to a temporary disturbance of colour vision, such as Central serous chorioretinopathy, Macular Edema of different causes, and Macular Degeneration.

text: One of the future activities of the institute will be to investigate nerve cells and their connections in the cerebral cortex that are responsible for the reception and processing of signals from the sense organs, (i.e. smell, sight, and taste) with the use of molecular genetic, physiological and imaging techniques. Scientists are particularly interested in the nature of synapses, the contact points between nerve cells in the neural network. How information is stored and retrieved in synapses, how new synapses are formed, and how superfluous synapses are removed are all topics of investigation. Research will involve the development of new genetic engineering techniques, so that the activity of the key molecules involved in rapid information transmission between nerve cells by the synapses can be regulated. There are plans to miniaturise multiquantum microscopy and improve the level of penetration to measure activity in the cerebral cortex of freely moving mice.

text: In late 1940, Corbett and her assistant were charged with violations of the Medical Practice Act of California for treating eyes without a licence. At the trial, many of her students testified on her behalf, describing in detail how she had enabled them to discard their glasses. One witness testified that he had been almost blind from cataracts, but that, after working with Corbett, his vision had improved to such an extent that for the first time he could read for eight hours at a stretch without glasses. Corbett explained in court that she was practicing neither optometry nor ophthalmology and represented herself not as a doctor but only as an "instructor of eye training". Describing her method she said "We turn vision on by teaching the eyes to shift. We want the sense of motion to relieve staring, to end the fixed look. We use light to relax the eyes and to accustom them to the sun."

text: In late 1940, Corbett and her assistant were charged with violations of the Medical Practice Act of California for treating eyes without a licence. At the trial, many of her students testified on her behalf, describing in detail how she had enabled them to discard their glasses. One witness testified that he had been almost blind from cataracts, but that, after working with Corbett, his vision had improved to such an extent that for the first time he could read for eight hours at a stretch without glasses. Corbett explained in court that she was practicing neither

text: optometry

text: nor

text: ophthalmology

text: and represented herself not as a doctor but only as an "instructor of eye training". Describing her method she said "We turn vision on by teaching the eyes to shift. We want the sense of motion to relieve staring, to end the fixed look. We use light to relax the eyes and to accustom them to the sun."

text: Haptic communication refers to the ways in which people and other animals communicate and interact via the sense of touch. As well as providing information about surfaces and textures, touch, or the haptic sense, is a component of communication in interpersonal relationships that is nonverbal and nonvisual.  Touch is extremely important for humans and is vital in conveying physical intimacy. Haptics is a branch of nonverbal communication.

text: Haptic communication refers to the ways in which people and other animals communicate and interact via the sense of touch. As well as providing information about surfaces and textures, touch, or the haptic sense, is a component of communication in

text: interpersonal relationships

text: that is

text: nonverbal

text: and

text: nonvisual

text: .  Touch is extremely important for humans and is vital in conveying

text: physical intimacy

text: . Haptics is a branch of

text: nonverbal communication

text: Various methods of interaction exist in surface computing. The most common method of which is touch based, this includes single and multi-touch interactions. Other interactions exist such as freehand 3D interactions that depth-aware cameras can sense.

text: To investigate if experts and non-experts experience art differently even in their eye movements, researchers used an eye tracking device to see if there are any differences in the way they look at works of art.  After viewing each work, participants rated their liking and emotional reactions to the works. Some works were presented with auditory information about that work, half of which were neutral facts and the other half were emotional statements about the work. They found that non-experts rated the least abstract works more preferably, while abstraction level did not matter to the experts. Across both groups, the eye paths showed more fixations within more abstract work, but each fixation was shorter in time than those within less abstract work . Expertise influences how participants thought about works, but did not influence at all how they physically viewed them.

text: Touch is played in every Australian state, and is particularly popular in the rugby league and rugby union strongholds of Queensland, New South Wales and the ACT. There are currently over 400,000 registered Touch players, 500,000 school children, and up to 100,000 casual players playing the sport. The peak body is Touch Football Australia.

text: Touch is played in every Australian state, and is particularly popular in the rugby league and

text: rugby union

text: strongholds of

text: Queensland

text: New South Wales

text: and the

text: ACT

text: . There are currently over 400,000 registered Touch players, 500,000 school children, and up to 100,000 casual players playing the sport. The peak body is

text: Touch Football Australia

text: Kinesthesia is a key component in muscle memory and hand-eye coordination, and training can improve this sense (see blind contour drawing). The ability to swing a golf club or to catch a ball requires a finely tuned sense of the position of the joints. This sense needs to become automatic through training to enable a person to concentrate on other aspects of performance, such as maintaining motivation or seeing where other people are.

text: Kinesthesia is a key component in

text: muscle memory

text: and

text: hand-eye coordination

text: , and training can improve this sense (see

text: blind contour drawing

text: ). The ability to swing a golf club or to catch a ball requires a finely tuned sense of the position of the joints. This sense needs to become automatic through training to enable a person to concentrate on other aspects of performance, such as maintaining motivation or seeing where other people are.

text: Crude touch (or non-discriminative touch) is a sensory modality that allows the subject to sense that something has touched them, without being able to localize where they were touched (contrasting "fine touch"). Its fibres are carried in the spinothalamic tract, unlike the fine touch, which is carried in the dorsal column.As fine touch normally works in parallel to crude touch, a person will be able to localize touch until fibres carrying fine touch (Posterior column–medial lemniscus pathway) have been disrupted. Then the subject will feel the touch, but be unable to identify where they were touched.

text: Crude touch (or non-discriminative touch) is a sensory modality that allows the subject to sense that something has touched them, without being able to localize where they were touched (contrasting "fine touch"). Its fibres are carried in the

text: spinothalamic tract

text: , unlike the fine touch, which is carried in the dorsal column.As fine touch normally works in parallel to crude touch, a person will be able to localize touch until fibres carrying fine touch (

text: Posterior column–medial lemniscus pathway

text: ) have been disrupted. Then the subject will feel the touch, but be unable to identify where they were touched.

text: A 2011 study of the nasal passages of Euoplocephalus supported their function as a heat and water balancing system, noting the extensive blood vessel system and an increased surface area for the mucosa membrane (used for heat and water exchange in modern animals). The researchers also supported the loops acting as a resonance chamber, comparable to the enlongated nasal passages of saiga antelope and looping trachea of cranes and swans. Reconstructions of the inner ear suggest adaptation to hearing at low frequencies, such as the low-toned resonant sounds possibly produced by the nasal passages. They disputed the possibility that the looping is related to olfaction (sense of smell) as the olfactionary region is pushed to the sides of the main airway.

text: A 2011 study of the nasal passages of Euoplocephalus supported their function as a heat and water balancing system, noting the extensive blood vessel system and an increased surface area for the

text: mucosa membrane

text: (used for heat and water exchange in modern animals). The researchers also supported the loops acting as a resonance chamber, comparable to the enlongated nasal passages of

text: saiga antelope

text: and looping trachea of

text: crane

text: s and

text: swan

text: s. Reconstructions of the inner ear suggest adaptation to hearing at low frequencies, such as the low-toned resonant sounds possibly produced by the nasal passages. They disputed the possibility that the looping is related to

text: olfaction

text: (sense of smell) as the olfactionary region is pushed to the sides of the main airway.

text: Animals recognise a wide variety of chemicals using their senses of taste and smell. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has only 14 types of chemosensory neuron, yet is able to respond to dozens of chemicals because each neuron detects several stimuli. More than 40 highly divergent transmembrane proteins that could contribute to this functional diversity have been described. Most of the candidate receptor genes are in clusters of similar genes; 11 of these appear to be expressed in small subsets of chemosensory neurons. A single type of neuron can potentially express at least 4 different receptor genes. Some of these might encode receptors for water-soluble attractants, repellents and pheromones, which are divergent members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. Sequences of the Sra family of C.elegans receptor-like proteins contain 6-7 hydrophobic, putative transmembrane, regions. These can be distinguished from other 7TM proteins (especially those known to couple G-proteins) by their own characteristic TM signatures.

text: Animals recognise a wide variety of chemicals using their senses of taste and smell. The nematode

text: Caenorhabditis elegans

text: has only 14 types of

text: chemosensory

text: neuron

text: , yet is able to respond to dozens of chemicals because each neuron detects several stimuli. More than 40 highly divergent

text: transmembrane protein

text: s that could contribute to this functional diversity have been described. Most of the candidate receptor genes are in clusters of similar genes; 11 of these appear to be expressed in small subsets of chemosensory neurons. A single type of neuron can potentially express at least 4 different receptor genes. Some of these might encode receptors for water-soluble attractants, repellents and pheromones, which are divergent members of the

text: G-protein-coupled receptor

text: family. Sequences of the Sra family of C.elegans receptor-like proteins contain 6-7 hydrophobic, putative transmembrane, regions. These can be distinguished from other 7TM proteins (especially those known to couple G-proteins) by their own characteristic TM signatures.

text: In 1873, independently of each otherMach and the physiologist and physician  Josef Breuer discovered how the sense of balance (i.e., the perception of the head’s imbalance) functions, tracing its management by information which the brain receives from the movement of a fluid in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. That the sense of balance depended on the three semicircular canals was discovered in 1870 by the physiologist Friedrich Goltz, but Goltz didn't discover how the balance-sensing apparatus functioned. Mach devised a swivel chair to enable him to test his theories, and Floyd Ratcliff has suggested that this experiment may have paved the way to Mach's critique of a physical conception of absolute space and motion.

text: In 1873, independently of each otherMach and the physiologist and physician

text: Josef Breuer

text: discovered how the

text: sense of balance

text: (i.e., the perception of the head’s imbalance) functions, tracing its management by information which the brain receives from the movement of

text: a fluid

text: in the

text: semicircular canal

text: s of the

text: inner ear

text: . That the sense of balance depended on the three semicircular canals was discovered in 1870 by the physiologist

text: Friedrich Goltz

text: , but Goltz didn't discover how the balance-sensing apparatus functioned. Mach devised a swivel chair to enable him to test his theories, and Floyd Ratcliff has suggested that this experiment may have paved the way to Mach's critique of a physical conception of absolute space and motion.

text: Vision itself relies on a basic biochemistry which is common to all eyes.  However, how this biochemical toolkit is used to interpret an organism's environment varies widely: eyes have a wide range of structures and forms, all of which have evolved quite late relative to the underlying proteins and molecules.

text: The L and M segment are negative sense. For the Genera of Phlebovirus and Tospovirus, the S segment is ambisense. Ambisense means that some of the genes on the RNA strand are negative sense and others are positive sense. The S segment codes for the viral nucleoprotein (N) in the negative sense and a nonstructural (NSs) protein in ambisense.

text: The L and M segment are negative sense. For the Genera of Phlebovirus and Tospovirus, the S segment is

text: ambisense

text: . Ambisense means that some of the genes on the RNA strand are negative sense and others are positive sense. The S segment codes for the viral nucleoprotein (N) in the negative sense and a

text: nonstructural

text: (NSs) protein in ambisense.

text: Code smell, also known as bad smell, in computer programming code, refers to any symptom in the source code of a program that possibly indicates a deeper problem. According to Martin Fowler, "a code smell is a surface indication that usually corresponds to a deeper problem in the system". Another way to look at smells is with respect to principles and quality: "smells are certain structures in the code that indicate violation of fundamental design principles and negatively impact design quality". Code smells are usually not bugs—they are not technically incorrect and do not currently prevent the program from functioning. Instead, they indicate weaknesses in design that may be slowing down development or increasing the risk of bugs or failures in the future. Bad code smells can be an indicator of factors that contribute to technical debt. Robert C. Martin calls a list of code smells a "value system" for software craftsmanship.

text: Code smell, also known as bad smell, in

text: computer programming

text: code, refers to any

text: symptom

text: in the

text: source code

text: of a

text: program

text: that possibly indicates a deeper problem. According to Martin Fowler, "a code smell is a surface indication that usually corresponds to a deeper problem in the system". Another way to look at smells is with respect to principles and quality: "smells are certain structures in the code that indicate violation of fundamental design principles and negatively impact design quality". Code smells are usually not

text: bugs

text: —they are not technically incorrect and do not currently prevent the program from functioning. Instead, they indicate weaknesses in design that may be slowing down development or increasing the risk of bugs or failures in the future. Bad code smells can be an indicator of factors that contribute to

text: technical debt

text: Robert C. Martin

text: calls a list of code smells a "value system" for software craftsmanship.

text: Yamini Reddy started performing at a young age. Her poised ability to hold difficult balancing poses along with her finely honed sense of rhythm can easily dazzle audiences.

text: Rhoides suffered all through his life from a serious hearing problem, which eventually impaired his sense to near deafness.

text: Inverse problems are some of the most important mathematical problems in science and mathematics because they tell us about parameters that we cannot directly observe. They have wide application in optics, radar, acoustics, communication theory, signal processing, medical imaging, computer vision, geophysics, oceanography, astronomy, remote sensing, natural language processing,  machine learning, nondestructive testing, and many other fields.

text: Inverse problems are some of the most important mathematical problems in

text: science

text: and

text: mathematics

text: because they tell us about parameters that we cannot directly observe. They have wide application in

text: optics

text: radar

text: acoustics

text: communication theory

text: signal processing

text: medical imaging

text: computer vision

text: geophysics

text: oceanography

text: astronomy

text: remote sensing

text: natural language processing

text: machine learning

text: nondestructive testing

text: , and many other fields.

text: A classical problem in computer vision is three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, where one seeks to infer 3D structure about a scene from two-dimensional (2D) images of it. Practical cameras are complex devices, and photogrammetry is needed to model the relationship between image sensor measurements and the 3D world. In the standard pinhole camera model, one models the relationship between world coordinates

text: A classical problem in computer vision is

text: three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction

text: , where one seeks to infer 3D structure about a scene from two-dimensional (2D) images of it. Practical cameras are complex devices, and

text: photogrammetry

text: is needed to model the relationship between image sensor measurements and the 3D world. In the standard

text: pinhole camera model

text: , one models the relationship between world coordinates

text: Lynx-O (voiced by Doug Preis in the original series, Kevin Michael Richardson in the 2011 version) is the oldest of the trio who is based on the lynx. Lynx-O was spared the sight of the destruction of their homeworld by a cruel twist of fate: a blast of intense heat and fire blinded him moments before he and his two younger companions were rescued, leaving his eyes all orange denoting blindness. Because of this injury, Lynx-O has had to adapt to survive on Third Earth, and has done so by honing his other senses to super-human levels. His sense of touch, smell, taste and hearing are far above those of the other ThunderCats, and this affords him a type of "sixth sense," though it is not like the one Cheetara possesses. Though blind, Lynx-O is still a formidable fighter. His sense of touch allows him to find pressure points on a foe’s body to knock them off balance or stun them. He can also feel vibrations, which allow him to evade attacks and capture, and can use a Sonic Reflector as a weapon in combat. His greatest skill comes in utilizing a special "braille board" — a device that allows him to translate information coming from sensor systems inside the Tower of Omens, enabling him to see into the gloom of Dark Side. This same device also allows him to pilot the ThunderStrike aircraft through the Valley of Mists when the ThunderCats need to find a way through to Dark Side.

text: Lynx-O (voiced by

text: Doug Preis

text: in the original series,

text: Kevin Michael Richardson

text: in the 2011 version) is the oldest of the trio who is based on the

text: lynx

text: . Lynx-O was spared the sight of the destruction of their homeworld by a cruel twist of fate: a blast of intense heat and fire blinded him moments before he and his two younger companions were rescued, leaving his eyes all orange denoting blindness. Because of this injury, Lynx-O has had to adapt to survive on Third Earth, and has done so by honing his other senses to super-human levels. His sense of touch, smell, taste and hearing are far above those of the other ThunderCats, and this affords him a type of "sixth sense," though it is not like the one Cheetara possesses. Though blind, Lynx-O is still a formidable fighter. His sense of touch allows him to find pressure points on a foe’s body to knock them off balance or stun them. He can also feel vibrations, which allow him to evade attacks and capture, and can use a Sonic Reflector as a weapon in combat. His greatest skill comes in utilizing a special "

text: braille

text: board" — a device that allows him to translate information coming from sensor systems inside the Tower of Omens, enabling him to see into the gloom of Dark Side. This same device also allows him to pilot the ThunderStrike aircraft through the Valley of Mists when the ThunderCats need to find a way through to Dark Side.

text: People who are blind from birth do not have visual dreams. Their dream contents are related to other senses like auditory, touch, smell and taste, whichever are present since birth.

text: People who are blind from birth do not have visual dreams. Their dream contents are related to other senses like

text: auditory

text: touch

text: smell

text: and

text: taste

text: , whichever are present since birth.

text: Early during her student days in Troy, Stanton remembers being strongly influenced by Charles Grandison Finney, an evangelical preacher and central figure in the revivalist movement. His influence, combined with the Calvinistic Presbyterianism of her childhood, caused her great unease. After hearing Finney speak, Stanton became terrified at the possibility of her own damnation: "Fear of judgment seized my soul. Visions of the lost haunted my dreams. Mental anguish prostrated my health. Dethronement of my reason was apprehended by my friends." Stanton credits her father and brother-in-law, Edward Bayard, with convincing her to ignore Finney's warnings. She further credits their taking her on a rejuvenating trip to Niagara Falls with restoring her reason and sense of balance. She never returned to organized Christianity and, after this experience, always maintained that logic and a humane sense of ethics were the best guides to both thought and behavior.

text: Early during her student days in Troy, Stanton remembers being strongly influenced by

text: Charles Grandison Finney

text: , an

text: evangelical

text: preacher and central figure in the

text: revivalist

text: movement. His influence, combined with the

text: Calvinistic

text: Presbyterianism

text: of her childhood, caused her great unease. After hearing Finney speak, Stanton became terrified at the possibility of her own

text: damnation

text: : "Fear of judgment seized my soul. Visions of the lost haunted my dreams. Mental anguish prostrated my health. Dethronement of my reason was apprehended by my friends." Stanton credits her father and brother-in-law, Edward Bayard, with convincing her to ignore Finney's warnings. She further credits their taking her on a rejuvenating trip to

text: Niagara Falls

text: with restoring her reason and sense of balance. She never returned to organized Christianity and, after this experience, always maintained that

text: logic

text: and a humane sense of ethics were the best guides to both thought and behavior.

text: The sense of smell may have been a contributing factor in selection of color vision. Studies suggest that the loss of olfactory receptor genes may coincide with the evolved trait of full trichromatic vision. In other words, as sense of smell deteriorated, and thus the ability to identify the most vital nutritional sources, the necessity for advancement in other senses increased and the likelihood for trichromatic color vision mutations to remain selected for became higher. In addition, the mutation of trichromacy could have made the need for pheremone communication redundant and thus prompted the loss of this function.

text: Depictions of the five traditional senses as allegory became a popular subject for seventeenth-century artists, especially among Dutch and Flemish Baroque painters. A typical example is Gérard de Lairesse's Allegory of the Five Senses (1668), in which each of the figures in the main group alludes to a sense: Sight is the reclining boy with a convex mirror, hearing is the cupid-like boy with a triangle, smell is represented by the girl with flowers, taste is represented by the woman with the fruit, and touch is represented by the woman holding the bird.

text: Depictions of the five traditional senses as

text: allegory

text: became a popular subject for seventeenth-century artists, especially among

text: Dutch

text: and

text: Flemish Baroque painter

text: s. A typical example is

text: Gérard de Lairesse

text: 's Allegory of the Five Senses (1668), in which each of the figures in the main group alludes to a sense: Sight is the reclining boy with a

text: convex mirror

text: , hearing is the

text: cupid

text: -like boy with a

text: triangle

text: , smell is represented by the girl with flowers, taste is represented by the woman with the fruit, and touch is represented by the woman holding the bird.

text: The experience of amaurosis fugax is classically described as a temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes that appears as a black "curtain coming down vertically into the field of vision in one eye;" however, this altitudinal visual loss is relatively uncommon.  In one study, only 23.8 percent of patients with transient monocular vision loss experienced the classic "curtain" or "shade" descending over their vision.  Other descriptions of this experience include a monocular blindness, dimming, fogging, or blurring.  Total or sectorial vision loss typically lasts only a few seconds, but may last minutes or even hours.  Duration depends on the etiology of the vision loss.  Obscured vision due to papilledema may last only seconds, while a severely atherosclerotic carotid artery may be associated with a duration of one to ten minutes.  Certainly, additional symptoms may be present with the amaurosis fugax, and those findings will depend on the etiology of the transient monocular vision loss.

text: The experience of amaurosis fugax is classically described as a temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes that appears as a black "

text: curtain

text: coming down vertically into the

text: field of vision

text: in one eye;" however, this altitudinal visual loss is relatively uncommon.  In one study, only 23.8 percent of patients with transient monocular vision loss experienced the classic "curtain" or "shade" descending over their vision.  Other descriptions of this experience include a monocular blindness, dimming, fogging, or blurring.  Total or sectorial

text: vision loss

text: typically lasts only a few seconds, but may last minutes or even hours.  Duration depends on the etiology of the vision loss.  Obscured vision due to papilledema may last only seconds, while a severely atherosclerotic carotid artery may be associated with a duration of one to ten minutes.  Certainly, additional symptoms may be present with the amaurosis fugax, and those findings will depend on the etiology of the transient monocular vision loss.

text: The children's stamp aims at fostering the sense of belonging and increasing children’s knowledge about their community. The "Hong Kong in My Eyes" collection allows children to show us how they perceive their home - Hong Kong from their own creative perspectives.

text: Aslin studies infant perception and language development using eye tracking and neuroimaging methods. Some of his early work concerned how infants learn the speech categories of their native language based on the noisy input of speech around them. He also studied how this process of forming speech categories interacts with word learning in young pre-verbal infants. Later work, with collaborators Jenny Saffran and Elissa L. Newport addressed how infants segment words from continuous speech by tracking the co-occurrence statistics of the syllables. This research yielded many publications that are considered classics in the statistical learning literature, including a 1996 Science article, "Statistical Learning in 8-Month-Old Infants". Some of his recent work has extended original findings about infants' ability to track environmental statistics in speech to the visual world. Recently he has studied how infants use statistics of the visual world in order to infer properties about the structure of objects in the world. He has also recently conducted research investigating how infants allocate their attention in the visual world.

text: Aslin studies infant perception and language development using

text: eye tracking

text: and

text: neuroimaging

text: methods. Some of his early work concerned how infants learn the speech categories of their native language based on the noisy input of speech around them. He also studied how this process of forming speech categories interacts with word learning in young pre-verbal infants. Later work, with collaborators

text: Jenny Saffran

text: and

text: Elissa L. Newport

text: addressed how infants segment words from continuous speech by tracking the co-occurrence statistics of the syllables. This research yielded many publications that are considered classics in the statistical learning literature, including a 1996

text: Science

text: article, "Statistical Learning in 8-Month-Old Infants". Some of his recent work has extended original findings about infants' ability to track environmental statistics in speech to the visual world. Recently he has studied how infants use statistics of the visual world in order to infer properties about the structure of objects in the world. He has also recently conducted research investigating how infants allocate their attention in the visual world.

text: Some schools now offer courses in becoming a wardrobe stylist, but of course, there are specific educational requirements for the position, such as having an artistic sense about which articles of clothing work together to make a beautiful look. Most stylists acquire these professional skills and knowledge by assisting other glamorous, established stylists, in a system similar to apprenticeship. Connections and experience are important. For example, after studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, celebrity stylist Elizabeth Sulcer apprenticed with British fashion designer Alexander McQueen for several years; later, she worked as fashion editor for BlackBook magazine where she hired intern LaQuan Smith, who soon established himself in New York as a leading clothing designer; later, as an established freelancer, she hires interns regularly. Stylist assistants are typically hired at a rate between $150 to $350 a day. Assistants' responsibilities can vary greatly depending on the stylist and the assignment. Some are hired only to perform physical labor, such as setting up for a client fitting or returning samples to a press showroom; others may help the stylist with selecting wardrobe options, preparing clients for public events, or any other task needed to complete an assignment. According to one report in Seventeen Magazine, there were no specific education majors helpful for becoming a fashion stylist, but that degrees in fashion design, tailoring, merchandising, communications, marketing, color harmonies, art history and photography, understanding of the human body - how it stores fat and ages, psychology and how women's perception changes to color, could be helpful, but overall it was helpful to read fashion magazines regularly to develop a "great eye for fashion".

text: Some schools now offer courses in becoming a wardrobe stylist, but of course, there are specific educational requirements for the position, such as having an artistic sense about which articles of clothing work together to make a beautiful look. Most stylists acquire these professional skills and knowledge by assisting other glamorous, established stylists, in a system similar to

text: apprenticeship

text: . Connections and experience are important. For example, after studying at the

text: Rhode Island School of Design

text: , celebrity stylist

text: Elizabeth Sulcer

text: apprenticed with British fashion designer

text: Alexander McQueen

text: for several years; later, she worked as fashion editor for

text: BlackBook magazine

text: where she hired intern

text: LaQuan Smith

text: , who soon established himself in New York as a leading clothing designer; later, as an established freelancer, she hires interns regularly. Stylist assistants are typically hired at a rate between $150 to $350 a day. Assistants' responsibilities can vary greatly depending on the stylist and the assignment. Some are hired only to perform physical labor, such as setting up for a client fitting or returning samples to a press showroom; others may help the stylist with selecting wardrobe options, preparing clients for public events, or any other task needed to complete an assignment. According to one report in

text: Seventeen Magazine

text: , there were no specific education majors helpful for becoming a fashion stylist, but that degrees in fashion design, tailoring, merchandising, communications, marketing, color harmonies, art history and photography, understanding of the human body - how it stores fat and ages, psychology and how women's perception changes to color, could be helpful, but overall it was helpful to read fashion magazines regularly to develop a "great eye for fashion".

text: Jean-Marie Clarke (1980) advanced a psychological interpretation based on the circular form of the composition and the Yin-Yang-like distribution of light, reading the painting as a Mandala in the Jungian sense: an archetypal symbol of the integrated Self. The chiaroscuro treatment and the presence of many straight lines that are structured by curved lines speaks for a deliberate effort at reconciling the Opposites. Further, Clarke interpreted the concentricity of the composition and wealth of circular motifs as metaphors for the underlying theme of the painting: the eye and vision. Like Julius Held, Clarke believes that the drawing dated ca. 1630 at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford (Benesch 64) with the caption "HARMAN GERRITS van der Rhijn" written in Rembrandt's hand that shows his father in a pose similar to that of Tobit here, suggests that he may have been blind at the end of his life. Accordingly, the figure of the blind old man (Tobit) stands for Rembrandt's father (d. 1630), who opposed his son's wish to become an artist and whose vision the young Rembrandt (Tobias) "healed" with the help of the archangel Raphael (a name that symbolizes Art). More recently, Clarke published an interpretation on the internet that relates Rembrandt's composition to the design of his signature in 1632.

text: Jean-Marie Clarke (1980) advanced a psychological interpretation based on the circular form of the composition and the

text: Yin-Yang

text: -like distribution of light, reading the painting as a

text: Mandala

text: in the Jungian sense: an archetypal symbol of the integrated Self. The chiaroscuro treatment and the presence of many straight lines that are structured by curved lines speaks for a deliberate effort at reconciling the Opposites. Further, Clarke interpreted the concentricity of the composition and wealth of circular motifs as metaphors for the underlying theme of the painting: the eye and vision. Like Julius Held, Clarke believes that the drawing dated ca. 1630 at the

text: Ashmolean Museum

text: in

text: Oxford

text: (Benesch 64) with the caption "HARMAN GERRITS van der Rhijn" written in Rembrandt's hand that shows his father in a pose similar to that of Tobit here, suggests that he may have been blind at the end of his life. Accordingly, the figure of the blind old man (Tobit) stands for Rembrandt's father (d. 1630), who opposed his son's wish to become an artist and whose vision the young Rembrandt (Tobias) "healed" with the help of the archangel

text: Raphael

text: (a name that symbolizes Art). More recently, Clarke published an interpretation on the internet that relates Rembrandt's composition to the design of his signature in 1632.

text: The theme and title of the piece came from Jean Baudrillard's essay "The Ecstasy of Communication" that talks about the notion of "home". To describe his installation Sermon looked at another one of Baudrillard's essays, and found the starting point of Telematic Dreaming. The installation existed within the digital telephone network of the ISDN. Two separate interfaces were created and put into two separate locations, were they function as customized video conference systems. In the two locations two double beds are placed, one in an illuminated space and one in a dark space. The bed that is in the illuminated space, has a camera directly placed above and records person A and the bed which is then sent as an image, to a projector that is directly placed above the second bed in the dark location. The live image is projected down onto the bed with Person B also in the image. Another camera located at the side of the projector screen, this camera sends a live image of the projection of Person A along with person B who is also in the image, to a variety of monitors that are located in the illuminated area and around the bed. This image that is created is called a "telepresent" image, what is presented on the monitor is a mirror, which reflects a person within another person's reflection. Sermons installation plays with ambiguous connotations, which represent a telepresent projection surface that appears on a bed. In the complete ISDN installation, psychological complexity is derived from the main object (the bed) and is then dissolved into the technology and geographical distance that is involved in the making of the installation. He wanted the user to feel the sense of existing outside of their own space, whilst around them a sense of touch is created that is very real and this is enhanced with the use of the bed and the senses beginning to shift in the Telematic space. The user is within a Telematic body and within this body it is controlled by a voyeurism of itself. When the body is caused to interact in the installation, the effects of this determines the time and space of the body and this can be extended through the ISDN network the body can then travel at the speed of light. Within Telematic Dreaming the user can exchange their tactical senses and swap their sense of touch, with the sense of sight by replacing their hands with their eyes.

text: The theme and title of the piece came from

text: Jean Baudrillard

text: 's essay "

text: The Ecstasy of Communication

text: " that talks about the notion of "home". To describe his installation Sermon looked at another one of Baudrillard's essays, and found the starting point of Telematic Dreaming. The installation existed within the digital telephone network of the ISDN. Two separate interfaces were created and put into two separate locations, were they function as customized

text: video conference

text: systems. In the two locations two double beds are placed, one in an illuminated space and one in a dark space. The bed that is in the illuminated space, has a camera directly placed above and records person A and the bed which is then sent as an image, to a projector that is directly placed above the second bed in the dark location. The live image is projected down onto the bed with Person B also in the image. Another camera located at the side of the projector screen, this camera sends a live image of the projection of Person A along with person B who is also in the image, to a variety of monitors that are located in the illuminated area and around the bed. This image that is created is called a "

text: telepresent

text: " image, what is presented on the monitor is a mirror, which reflects a person within another person's reflection. Sermons installation plays with ambiguous connotations, which represent a telepresent projection surface that appears on a bed. In the complete ISDN installation, psychological complexity is derived from the main object (the bed) and is then dissolved into the technology and geographical distance that is involved in the making of the installation. He wanted the user to feel the sense of existing outside of their own space, whilst around them a sense of touch is created that is very real and this is enhanced with the use of the bed and the senses beginning to shift in the Telematic space. The user is within a Telematic body and within this body it is controlled by a

text: voyeurism

text: of itself. When the body is caused to interact in the installation, the effects of this determines the time and space of the body and this can be extended through the ISDN network the body can then travel at the

text: speed of light

text: . Within Telematic Dreaming the user can exchange their tactical senses and swap their sense of touch, with the sense of sight by replacing their hands with their eyes.

text: Humans have a multitude of senses. Sight (vision), hearing (audition), taste (gustation), smell (olfaction), and touch (somatosensation) are the five traditionally recognized senses. The ability to detect other stimuli beyond those governed by these most broadly recognized senses also exists, and these sensory modalities include temperature (thermoception), kinesthetic sense (proprioception), pain (nociception), balance (equilibrioception), vibration (mechanoreception), and various internal stimuli (e.g. the different chemoreceptors for detecting salt and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood). However, what constitutes a sense is a matter of some debate, leading to difficulties in defining what exactly a distinct sense is, and where the borders between responses to related stimuli lay.

text: Humans have a multitude of senses. Sight (

text: vision

text: ), hearing (

text: audition

text: ), taste (

text: gustation

text: ), smell (

text: olfaction

text: ), and touch (

text: somatosensation

text: ) are the five traditionally recognized senses. The ability to detect other stimuli beyond those governed by these most broadly recognized senses also exists, and these

text: sensory modalities

text: include temperature (

text: thermoception

text: ), kinesthetic sense (

text: proprioception

text: ), pain (

text: nociception

text: ), balance (

text: equilibrioception

text: ), vibration (

text: mechanoreception

text: ), and various internal stimuli (e.g. the different

text: chemoreceptor

text: s for detecting

text: salt

text: and

text: carbon dioxide

text: concentrations in the blood). However, what constitutes a sense is a matter of some debate, leading to difficulties in defining what exactly a distinct sense is, and where the borders between responses to related stimuli lay.

text: As Mr. Scott tells it, "In 1968, I went to New York. I seen them peoples painting on canvas on the street and I went to see the Metropolitan Museum of Art. I thought, that what I need to do ... paint. So I went back and started painting on canvas. It was hard. I keep cussing an' tryin'. When I got back to Atlanta, I'd go to museums downtown like the High Museum to look at the antique paintings, see how they did the oils. Then I'd go back an' study how they do the eyes an' the nose. I wore that place out!"

text: An audiologist is a health-care professional specializing in identifying, diagnosing, treating and monitoring disorders of the auditory and vestibular system portions of the ear. Audiologists are trained to diagnose, manage and/or treat hearing, tinnitus, or balance problems. They dispense, manage, and rehabilitate hearing aids and assess candidacy for and map cochlear implants. They counsel families through a new diagnosis of hearing loss in infants, and help teach coping and compensation skills to late-deafened adults. They also help design and implement personal and industrial hearing safety programs, newborn hearing screening programs, school hearing screening programs, and provide special fitting ear plugs and other hearing protection devices to help prevent hearing loss. Audiologists are trained to evaluate peripheral vestibular disorders originating from inner ear pathologies.  They also provide treatment for certain vestibular and balance disorders such as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV).  In addition, many audiologists work as auditory scientists in a research capacity.

text: An audiologist is a health-care professional specializing in identifying, diagnosing, treating and monitoring disorders of the

text: auditory

text: and

text: vestibular system

text: portions of the

text: ear

text: . Audiologists are trained to diagnose, manage and/or treat

text: hearing

text: , tinnitus, or balance problems. They dispense, manage, and rehabilitate

text: hearing aids

text: and assess candidacy for and map

text: cochlear implant

text: s. They counsel families through a new diagnosis of hearing loss in infants, and help teach coping and compensation skills to late-deafened adults. They also help design and implement personal and

entity_section: Occupational safety and health by industry

text: industrial

text: hearing safety programs, newborn hearing screening programs, school hearing screening programs, and provide special fitting

text: ear plugs

text: and other hearing protection devices to help prevent hearing loss. Audiologists are trained to evaluate peripheral vestibular disorders originating from inner ear pathologies.  They also provide treatment for certain vestibular and balance disorders such as

text: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

text: .  In addition, many audiologists work as auditory scientists in a research capacity.

text: Sidney-Fryer's introduction to Breiding's Journal of an Astronaut, a 1992 back-to-back publication with Janet Hamill's Nostalgia of the Infinite, describes Breiding's futuristic vision as including "appealing remnants of Appalachian life and such of its wilderness as actually survives, the cicada, the titmouse, the chickadee, the wren, together with the steadfast presence of old barns and old homesteads, as well as rare old stands of trees. His reader experiences a particularly modern sense of dislocation expressed in a particularly modern style." Along with horror, the reader will also experiences "a unique sense of wonder and wonder and marvel and transcendent mystery, as well as a healing sense of wholesomeness of our planet-biosphere and of the very earth itself, the tenderness and even delicacy displayed in the infinitude of green growing things and of the fauna sustained on that flora." Journal of an Astronaut/Nostalgia of the Infinite is listed in the Beat Poetry Collection in the Special Collections and Archives at Utah State University.

text: Sidney-Fryer's introduction to Breiding's Journal of an Astronaut, a 1992 back-to-back publication with

text: Janet Hamill

text: 's Nostalgia of the Infinite, describes Breiding's futuristic vision as including "appealing remnants of

text: Appalachian life

text: and such of its wilderness as actually survives, the

text: cicada

text: , the

text: titmouse

text: , the

text: chickadee

text: , the wren, together with the steadfast presence of old barns and old homesteads, as well as rare old stands of trees. His reader experiences a particularly modern sense of dislocation expressed in a particularly modern style." Along with horror, the reader will also experiences "a unique sense of wonder and wonder and marvel and transcendent mystery, as well as a healing sense of wholesomeness of our planet-biosphere and of the very earth itself, the tenderness and even delicacy displayed in the infinitude of green growing things and of the fauna sustained on that flora." Journal of an Astronaut/Nostalgia of the Infinite is listed in the Beat Poetry Collection in the Special Collections and Archives at Utah State University.

text: In her autobiographical works, her fictional "self" learns how to listen to her own "old one", and gaining wisdom from it. She called it "a grey and wide eye inside her mind". In a wider sense, this way of thinking is connected to her respect for old oral traditions handed down. In many of her books, one finds an old storyteller, giving advice, pointing out the way, or setting the plot. This also occurs in her poems.

text: In her autobiographical works, her fictional "self" learns how to listen to her own "old one", and gaining

text: wisdom

text: from it. She called it "a grey and wide eye inside her mind". In a wider sense, this way of thinking is connected to her respect for old oral traditions handed down. In many of her books, one finds an old

text: storyteller

text: , giving advice, pointing out the way, or setting the plot. This also occurs in her poems.

text: Hearing, Balance and Communication formally known as Audiological Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the field of hearing, balance and communication disorders. It is the official journal of the International Association of Physicians in Audiology, as well as the British, Swedish, and Danish Associations of Audiological Physicians and the Società Italiana di Audiologia. Audiological Medicine has been published quarterly by Taylor and Francis Group since 2003 and is edited by Alessandro Martini (Ferrara, Italy). It is indexed in PsycINFO.

text: Hearing, Balance and Communication formally known as Audiological Medicine is a

text: peer-reviewed

text: medical journal

text: covering the field of hearing, balance and communication disorders. It is the official journal of the

text: International Association of Physicians in Audiology

text: , as well as the British, Swedish, and Danish Associations of Audiological Physicians and the Società Italiana di Audiologia. Audiological Medicine has been published quarterly by

text: Taylor and Francis Group

text: since 2003 and is edited by Alessandro Martini (

text: Ferrara

text: , Italy). It is indexed in

text: PsycINFO

text: Richardson's advanced logistical knowledge, business sense, vision and technological innovation, allowed him to piece together a vision for Canadian Air Services heading into the future.

text: How do I approach the text? What does the text ask of me? How do I respond to it? What meaning do I give to this relationship? The world in front of the text discusses the interplay between the text before our very eyes and the eisegetical processes that take place within our mind. In this exchange the interest is not in the psychological world of the writer, or the original meaning of the text and the characters displayed, but in how the reader manipulates, interprets, and is filled by the text; how they make it relevant to their lives, how it "speaks" to them, and how this relationship reflects their personal world (Rollins 1983: 97–100; Kille, 2001: 25–27; 2004: 27–29).

text: How do I approach the text? What does the text ask of me? How do I respond to it? What meaning do I give to this relationship? The world in front of the text discusses the interplay between the text before our very eyes and the

text: eisegetical

text: processes that take place within our mind. In this exchange the interest is not in the psychological world of the writer, or the original meaning of the text and the characters displayed, but in how the reader manipulates, interprets, and is filled by the text; how they make it relevant to their lives, how it "speaks" to them, and how this relationship reflects their personal world (Rollins 1983: 97–100; Kille, 2001: 25–27; 2004: 27–29).

text: Impression of both taste and smell occurs in heteromodal regions of the limbic and paralimbic brain. Taste–odorintegration occurs at earlier stages of processing. By life experience, factors such as the physiological significance of a given stimulus is perceived. Learning and affective processing are the primary functions of limbic and paralimbic brain. Taste perception is a combination of oral somatosensation and retronasal olfaction.

text: Impression of both taste and smell occurs in heteromodal regions of the

text: limbic

text: and paralimbic brain. Taste–odorintegration occurs at earlier stages of processing. By life experience, factors such as the physiological significance of a given stimulus is perceived. Learning and affective processing are the primary functions of limbic and paralimbic brain. Taste perception is a combination of oral

text: somatosensation

text: and retronasal olfaction.

text: Rhythmy has excellent sense of hearing, as she can hear and distinguish every kind of sound, regardless of how far it is. Once, she even tells the protagonist the model of an airplane just by listening to its engine sound, despite the fact that the plane is so far away that the protagonist cannot even see it. Her incredible (and sometimes too good) sense of hearing is part of reasons why she has to wear headphones. She also likes quiet places as she will not have to hear and get disturbed by all kinds of sound.

text: Both taste and smell disorders are diagnosed by an otolaryngologist, a doctor of the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck. An otolaryngologist can determine the extent of your taste disorder by measuring the lowest concentration of a taste quality that you can detect or recognize. You may also be asked to compare the tastes of different substances or to note how the intensity of a taste grows when a substance’s concentration is increased. Scientists have developed taste testing in which the patient responds to different chemical concentrations. This may involve a simple “sip, spit, and rinse” test, or chemicals may be applied directly to specific areas of the tongue.

text: The tamandua's small eyes afford limited vision. Instead of relying on their sense of sight, they primarily utilize their senses of smell and hearing to locate their insect prey. They use their sharp claws and powerful forearms to tear open the nest of a colony of termites and employ their elongated tongues, coated with sticky saliva, to extract the insects.

text: The tamandua's small eyes afford limited vision. Instead of relying on their sense of sight, they primarily utilize their senses of smell and hearing to locate their insect prey. They use their sharp claws and powerful forearms to tear open the nest of a colony of termites and employ their elongated tongues, coated with sticky

text: saliva

text: , to extract the insects.

text: The HTC Touch Pro2 (also known as the AT&T Tilt 2, HTC Tytn III; codename: HTC Rhodium, HTC Barium, HTC Tungsten, HTC Fortress) is a slate smartphone, part of the Touch series of Internet-enabled, Windows Mobile, Pocket PC smartphones designed and marketed by HTC Corporation of Taiwan. It is an enhanced version of the HTC Touch Pro with a left-side slide-out QWERTY keyboard, with tilting screen. The Touch Pro2 smartphone's functions include those of a camera phone and a portable media player in addition to text messaging and multimedia messaging. It also offers Internet services including e-mail, instant messaging, web browsing, and local Wi-Fi connectivity. Visual voicemail is not a standard feature for the Touch Pro2, unlike its predecessor the Touch Pro.  The Verizon Wireless version does include a visual voicemail application, however.  All versions feature TouchFLO 3D — a new enhanced version of the TouchFLO interface, unique only to the latest Touch series.  The latest update renamed TouchFLO 3D to SenseUI, to match HTC's Android offering. The Touch Pro2 — along with its sister model, the Touch Diamond2 — were unveiled on February 16, 2009 in Barcelona, Spain at the Mobile World Congress 2009.  Specific enhancements over the original Touch Pro include:

text: The HTC Touch Pro2 (also known as the AT&T Tilt 2, HTC Tytn III; codename: HTC Rhodium, HTC Barium, HTC Tungsten, HTC Fortress) is a slate

text: smartphone

text: , part of the Touch series of

text: Internet

text: -enabled,

text: Windows Mobile

text: Pocket PC

text: smartphones designed and marketed by

text: HTC Corporation

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: . It is an enhanced version of the

text: HTC Touch Pro

text: with a left-side slide-out

text: QWERTY

text: keyboard, with tilting screen. The Touch Pro2 smartphone's functions include those of a

text: camera phone

text: and a

text: portable media player

text: in addition to

text: text messaging

text: and

text: multimedia messaging

text: . It also offers Internet services including

text: e-mail

text: instant messaging

text: web browsing

text: , and local

text: Wi-Fi

text: connectivity.

text: Visual voicemail

text: is not a standard feature for the Touch Pro2, unlike its predecessor the Touch Pro.  The Verizon Wireless version does include a visual voicemail application, however.  All versions feature

text: TouchFLO 3D

text: — a new enhanced version of the

text: TouchFLO

text: interface, unique only to the latest Touch series.  The latest update renamed TouchFLO 3D to SenseUI, to match HTC's

text: Android

text: offering. The Touch Pro2 — along with its sister model, the

text: Touch Diamond2

text: — were unveiled on February 16, 2009 in

text: Barcelona

text: Spain

text: at the

text: Mobile World Congress

text: 2009.  Specific enhancements over the original Touch Pro include:

text: Andrea Blaugrund Nevins is a writer, director, and producer living in Los Angeles. She was born in New York City, where she attended the Chapin School. Her father is Dr. Stanley Blaugrund, the director of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Her mother, Annette Blaugrund, was senior curator of paintings, sculpture and drawings at the New-York Historical Society, and guest curator at the Parrish Art Museum in Southampton, L.I. Nevins credits hearing problems as a child for heightening her sense of vision. She said she "fell madly in love with documentaries while in high school and college" and wanted to tell stories that weren't "just the history of the Second World War."

text: Andrea Blaugrund Nevins is a writer, director, and producer living in Los Angeles. She was born in New York City, where she attended the

text: Chapin School

text: . Her father is Dr. Stanley Blaugrund, the director of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Her mother, Annette Blaugrund, was senior curator of paintings, sculpture and drawings at the New-York Historical Society, and guest curator at the Parrish Art Museum in Southampton, L.I. Nevins credits hearing problems as a child for heightening her sense of vision. She said she "fell madly in love with documentaries while in high school and college" and wanted to tell stories that weren't "just the history of the Second World War."

text: The interpretation of facial expressions and mouthing can be difficult to understand when an individual has a visual impairment. Such problems hinder the ability of people to understand stimuli and translate information pertaining to perception with their brain for analysis. Non-verbal communication is important in effective communication and elders with vision loss are more likely to misinterpret or read the other person's actions in a wrong way. Visual impairments also cause a loss in positive perceptions of the environment around them. This can lead to isolation and possible depression in elderly people. Macular degeneration is a common cause of vision loss in elderly people. It diminishes the macula of the eye, which is responsible for clear vision. It causes progressive loss of central vision and possible loss of colour vision. This degeneration is caused by systemic changes in the circulation of waste products and growth of abnormal vessels around the retina causing the photoreceptors not to receive proper images. Though ageing almost always causes this, other possible effects and risk factors include smoking, obesity, family history and excessive sunlight exposure.

text: The interpretation of facial expressions and mouthing can be difficult to understand when an individual has a

text: visual impairment

text: . Such problems hinder the ability of people to understand stimuli and translate information pertaining to perception with their brain for analysis.

text: Non-verbal communication

text: is important in effective communication and elders with vision loss are more likely to misinterpret or read the other person's actions in a wrong way. Visual impairments also cause a loss in positive perceptions of the environment around them. This can lead to isolation and possible depression in elderly people.

text: Macular degeneration

text: is a common cause of vision loss in elderly people. It diminishes the macula of the eye, which is responsible for clear vision. It causes progressive loss of central vision and possible loss of colour vision. This degeneration is caused by systemic changes in the circulation of waste products and growth of abnormal vessels around the retina causing the photoreceptors not to receive proper images. Though ageing almost always causes this, other possible effects and risk factors include smoking, obesity, family history and excessive sunlight exposure.

text: Annie Clark has said that the song "encapsulates this idea where we've become very dependent on other people [...] a million digital eyes, validating our experience". The lyrics are a clear commentary on social media, including Clark's own experience on websites such as Twitter, which self-deprecatingly she describes as "pathetic". In an existential sense, the lyrics question how people evaluate what is and is not important in the digital age.

text: Annie Clark has said that the song "encapsulates this idea where we've become very dependent on other people [...] a million digital eyes, validating our experience". The lyrics are a clear commentary on

text: social media

text: , including Clark's own experience on websites such as

text: Twitter

text: , which self-deprecatingly she describes as "pathetic". In an

text: existential

text: sense, the lyrics question how people evaluate what is and is not important in the digital age.

text: Four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual two-terminal (2T) sensing. Four-terminal sensing is used in some ohmmeters and impedance analyzers, and in wiring for strain gauges and resistance thermometers. Four-point probes are also used to measure sheet resistance of thin films.

text: Four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an

text: electrical impedance

text: measuring technique that uses separate pairs of

text: current

text: -carrying and

text: voltage

text: -sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual two-terminal (2T) sensing. Four-terminal sensing is used in some

text: ohmmeter

text: s and

text: impedance analyzer

text: s, and in wiring for

text: strain gauge

text: s and

text: resistance thermometer

text: s. Four-point probes are also used to measure

text: sheet resistance

text: of

text: thin film

text: s.

text: Alloteuthis subulata and Loligo vulgaris, two types of nearly transparent squid, have fluorescent spots above their eyes. These spots reflect incident light, which may serve as a means of camouflage, but also for signaling to other squids for schooling purposes.

text: The cephalic phase is the stage in which the stomach responds to the mere sight, smell, taste, or thought of food. About 30% of total acid secretion occurs BEFORE food enters the stomach. These sensory and mental inputs converge on the hypothalamus, which relays signals to the medulla oblongata. Vagus nerve fibers from the medulla stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system of the stomach which, in turn, stimulates gastric secretion (via parietal and G cells).

text: The

text: cephalic phase

text: is the stage in which the stomach responds to the mere sight, smell, taste, or thought of food. About 30% of total acid secretion occurs BEFORE food enters the stomach. These sensory and mental inputs converge on the hypothalamus, which relays signals to the

text: medulla oblongata

text: . Vagus nerve fibers from the medulla stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system of the stomach which, in turn, stimulates gastric secretion (via parietal and G cells).

text: The pancha bhoota are associated with a sense which is perceived by sense organ in human being. Below table gives details of associated sense, sense organ, and other attributes of elements.

text: Blindfold later confides in Rogue that she had visions of an entity, a mysterious force that wanted to change everything, and once it started it would not stop until everything had been destroyed. However, she cannot identify what it is because it keeps hiding around the periphery of her visions. Rogue, along with Madison Jeffries, eventually find a squid-like spider-monster that had escaped from Emplate's dimension, which they think to be the entity Blindfold sensed. However, after Rogue defeats the creature, Blindfold reveals that the threat is still out there. Before anyone could say anything else, darkness descended over Utopia and the real threat emerged.

text: Blindfold later confides in Rogue that she had visions of an entity, a mysterious force that wanted to change everything, and once it started it would not stop until everything had been destroyed. However, she cannot identify what it is because it keeps hiding around the periphery of her visions. Rogue, along with

text: Madison Jeffries

text: , eventually find a squid-like spider-monster that had escaped from

text: Emplate

text: 's dimension, which they think to be the entity Blindfold sensed. However, after Rogue defeats the creature, Blindfold reveals that the threat is still out there. Before anyone could say anything else, darkness descended over Utopia and the real threat emerged.

text: :Category:1967 births

text: :Category:1967 births

text: Kyebando is bordered by Kawempe to the northwest, Kikaaya to the northeast, Bukoto to the east, Mulago to the south, Bwaise to the southwest and Kaleerwe to the west. This location lies approximately , by road, northeast of Kampala's central business district. The coordinates of Kyebando are:0°21'22.0"N, 32°34'48.0"E (Latitude:0.356111; Longitude:32.580000).

text: Kyebando is bordered by

text: Kawempe

text: to the northwest,

text: Kikaaya

text: to the northeast,

text: Bukoto

text: to the east,

text: Mulago

text: to the south,

text: Bwaise

text: to the southwest and

text: Kaleerwe

text: to the west. This location lies approximately , by road, northeast of Kampala's

text: central business district

text: . The coordinates of Kyebando are:0°21'22.0"N, 32°34'48.0"E (Latitude:0.356111; Longitude:32.580000).

text: Their solo debut Flugente was released on the label Mootron on September 18, 2007. The tracks use minimalist instrumentation and no overdubs, and each track was recorded as a self-contained performance. It was mastered by Blake Morgan of ECR Music Group. Many of the song lyrics and themes involve Adler's 60-day trip driving through Europe, and according to a review, there is a "confessional aspect of his lyrics, touching on familiar tropes about loss of artistic inspiration, dealing with the locals, and not always knowing the language." Also, "Adler has recorded a series of low-key songs that suit the moody cover art and the sense of getting somewhere to unwind and ruminate. Ultimately, that sense of a reflective state is the album's best point."

text: Their solo debut Flugente was released on the label Mootron on September 18, 2007. The tracks use minimalist instrumentation and no overdubs, and each track was recorded as a self-contained performance. It was mastered by

text: Blake Morgan

text: of ECR Music Group. Many of the song lyrics and themes involve Adler's 60-day trip driving through Europe, and according to a review, there is a "confessional aspect of his lyrics, touching on familiar tropes about loss of artistic inspiration, dealing with the locals, and not always knowing the language." Also, "Adler has recorded a series of low-key songs that suit the moody cover art and the sense of getting somewhere to unwind and ruminate. Ultimately, that sense of a reflective state is the album's best point."

text: It has landing points in Cairns, Queensland, Australia and Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.

text: It has

text: landing points

text: in

text: Cairns

text: Queensland

text: Australia

text: and

text: Port Moresby

text: Papua New Guinea

text: The Council elects a President and Vice-President from among its members at its first meeting in January each year. These two officers may stand in for the mayor as necessary. Council is the legislative and judicial arm of Moscow's City government; enacting ordinances and resolutions. This body confirms the Mayor's appointments of City officials and citizen advisory commission members. Council approves the City's annual budget and serves as the convening body for public hearings and appeals of other City Boards and Commissions. Meetings are generally scheduled for the first and third Monday of each month, beginning at 7:00 p.m.

text: The primary reason for problems at their arrival was the unexpected nature of it and severe lack of food. As Bradford recorded, “..So they were landed; but there was not as much as biscuit-cake or any other victialls for them neither had they any beding, but some sorry things they had in their cabins, nor pot, nor pan, to dress meate in; nor over many cloathes,…” The colony government was not pleased that Weston had unexpectedly sent over new settlers, and without provisions or other goods to support them. But the labor that had come on the Fortune was welcome, being many young men. Per Bradford, the arrivals were “lusty young men, and many of them wild enough.”

text: CT scans published in 2012 by Stephan Lautenschlager et al. focused on the skull and brain cavity of Erlikosaurus, revealing it to have a large forebrain, and suggesting it had well developed senses of balance, hearing and smell, all of which would have been useful in evading predators, finding food, or in performng complex social behavior.

text: In 2009, Farrant suffered a near-fatal head injury which caused her to lose her senses of taste and smell.

text: Irish music website Drop-D described Coping Mechanisms as "a record that can creep inside of you to massage your soul... the album isn't electronic in the strictest sense; the pallet containing a balance between electronic and organic sounds, not to mention some of the strangest samples you're likely to hear".

text: Irish

text: music website Drop-D described Coping Mechanisms as "a record that can creep inside of you to massage your soul... the album isn't electronic in the strictest sense; the pallet containing a balance between electronic and organic sounds, not to mention some of the strangest samples you're likely to hear".

text: The generally accepted standard range of audible frequencies is 20 to 20,000 Hz, although the range of frequencies individuals hear is greatly influenced by environmental factors. Frequencies below 20 Hz are generally felt rather than heard, assuming the amplitude of the vibration is great enough. Frequencies above 20,000 Hz can sometimes be sensed by young people. High frequencies are the first to be affected by hearing loss due to age and/or prolonged exposure to very loud noises.

text: The generally accepted standard range of audible frequencies is 20 to 20,000 Hz, although the range of frequencies individuals hear is greatly influenced by environmental factors. Frequencies below 20 Hz are generally felt rather than heard, assuming the

text: amplitude

text: of the vibration is great enough. Frequencies above 20,000 Hz can sometimes be sensed by young people. High frequencies are the first to be affected by

text: hearing loss

text: due to age and/or prolonged exposure to very loud noises.

text: •28 Feb 1834: Appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Québec, Canada

text: Adherents of theosophist H.P. Blavatsky have suggested that the third eye is in fact the partially dormant pineal gland, which resides between the two hemispheres of the brain. Reptiles and amphibians sense light via a third parietal eye—a structure associated with the pineal gland—which serves to regulate their circadian rhythms, and for navigation, as it can sense the polarization of light. C.W. Leadbeater claimed that by extending an "etheric tube" from the third eye, it is possible to develop microscopic and telescopic vision.  It has been asserted by Stephen Phillips that the third eye's microscopic vision is capable of observing objects as small as quarks.

text: Adherents of

text: theosophist

text: H.P. Blavatsky

text: have suggested that the third eye is in fact the partially dormant

text: pineal gland

text: , which resides between the two hemispheres of the brain.

text: Reptile

text: s and

text: amphibian

text: s sense light via a third

text: parietal eye

text: —a structure associated with the pineal gland—which serves to regulate their

text: circadian rhythm

text: s, and for navigation, as it can sense the polarization of light.

text: C.W. Leadbeater

text: claimed that by extending an "etheric tube" from the third eye, it is possible to develop microscopic and telescopic vision.  It has been asserted by Stephen Phillips that the third eye's microscopic vision is capable of observing objects as small as

text: quark

text: s.

text: Fish are not immune to ocean acidification either. Not only does the lower pH affect their food availability, it has also been shown to impair their senses. It affects their sense of smell, hearing, balance and ability to sense predators. Further, studies have shown that acidification has positive and negative impacts on fecundity, distribution range, growth and seasonal movements. Some fish, like the anemone fish, have been able survive the pH shifts and live to reproduce, provided the parents existed in the same conditions prior to offspring being born. More studies need to be conducted with a wider range of species to determine the full scope of implications associated with this phenomenon. In one study from Southeastern Australia, ocean acidification had the largest negative impact on total fish biomass, more so than either fishing or ocean warming alone. Overall, ocean acidification had the single largest negative effect on total biomass (top predators, fishes, benthic invertebrates, plankton, and primary producers). Taken together, the additive effects of more than one stressor at the community level resulted in decreased biomass in majority of the marine communities.

text: Fish are not immune to ocean acidification either. Not only does the lower pH affect their food availability, it has also been shown to impair their senses. It affects their sense of smell, hearing, balance and ability to sense predators. Further, studies have shown that acidification has positive and negative impacts on

text: fecundity

text: , distribution range, growth and seasonal movements. Some fish, like the

text: anemone fish

text: , have been able survive the pH shifts and live to reproduce, provided the parents existed in the same conditions prior to offspring being born. More studies need to be conducted with a wider range of species to determine the full scope of implications associated with this phenomenon. In one study from Southeastern

text: Australia

text: , ocean acidification had the largest negative impact on total fish

text: biomass

text: , more so than either fishing or ocean warming alone. Overall, ocean acidification had the single largest negative effect on total biomass (top predators, fishes, benthic

text: invertebrates

text: plankton

text: , and primary producers). Taken together, the additive effects of more than one stressor at the community level resulted in decreased biomass in majority of the marine communities.

text: A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, or other mineral from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock. In a broader sense, a "miner" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face. This article will consider this broader concept.

text: A miner is a person who extracts

text: ore

text: coal

text: , or other

text: mineral

text: from the earth through

text: mining

text: . There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock

text: face

text: ; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock. In a broader sense, a "miner" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face. This article will consider this broader concept.

text: A Balanced Search for Trade Reform, NAM Testimony before Senate Finance Committee Hearings, (1974)

text: All the details in a scene are imprinted on a negative. Monet sees a positive print as a reproduction, and a negative as the imprint of reality, the testimony of a microsecond. He is fascinated by the manner in which negatives reveal what the eye cannot see, the complement of what the eye does see. He marvels how black is the absence of light and white the sum of all colors. He tries to see how light travels through space and hits an object: some rays are absorbed and others reflected. The latter are those that allow us to see color; it is those that affect the emulsion on the celluloid.

text: An alternative way to express this is to assume one or more solutions or examples exists. Then there must be a smallest solution or example—a minimal counterexample. We then prove that if a smallest solution exists, it must imply the existence of a smaller solution (in some sense)—which again proves that the existence of any solution would lead to a contradiction.

text: An alternative way to express this is to assume one or more solutions or examples exists. Then there must be a smallest solution or example—a

text: minimal counterexample

text: . We then prove that if a smallest solution exists, it must imply the existence of a smaller solution (in some sense)—which again proves that the existence of any solution would lead to a contradiction.

text: Other major publications include Art and Illusion (1960), regarded by critics to be his most influential and far-reaching work, and the essays gathered in Meditations on a Hobby Horse (1963) and The Image and the Eye (1981). Other important books are Aby Warburg: An Intellectual Biography (1970), The Sense of Order (1979) and The Preference for the Primitive (posthumously in 2002). The complete list of his publications, E.H. Gombrich: A Bibliography, was published by Joseph Burney Trapp in 2000.