text: "Stealing from Saturn" is the fourth episode of the first season of the television series Rome.

text: "Stealing from Saturn" is the fourth

entity_name: Episode

text: episode

text: of the first season of the television series

entity_name: Rome (TV series)

text: Rome

text: In January 1994, Sega began to develop an add-on for the Genesis, the Sega 32X, which would serve as a less-expensive entry into the 32-bit era. The decision to create the add-on was made by Nakayama and widely supported by Sega of America employees. According to former Sega of America producer Scot Bayless, Nakayama was worried that the Saturn would not be available until after 1994 and that the recently released Atari Jaguar would reduce Sega's hardware sales. As a result, Nakayama ordered his engineers to have the system ready for launch by the end of the year. The 32X would not be compatible with the Saturn, but Sega executive Richard Brudvik-Lindner pointed out that the 32X would play Genesis titles, and had the same system architecture as the Saturn. This was justified by Sega's statement that both platforms would run at the same time, and that the 32X would be aimed at players who could not afford the more expensive Saturn. According to Sega of America research and development head Joe Miller, the 32X served a role in assisting development teams to familiarize themselves with the dual SH-2 architecture also used in the Saturn. Because both machines shared many of the same parts and were preparing to launch around the same time, tensions emerged between Sega of America and Sega of Japan when the Saturn was given priority.

text: In January 1994, Sega began to develop an add-on for the Genesis, the Sega 32X, which would serve as a less-expensive entry into the

entity_name: Fifth generation of video game consoles

text: 32-bit era

text: . The decision to create the add-on was made by Nakayama and widely supported by Sega of America employees. According to former Sega of America producer Scot Bayless, Nakayama was worried that the Saturn would not be available until after 1994 and that the recently released

entity_name: Atari Jaguar

text: Atari Jaguar

text: To reach Saturn, visitors turn north and continue along Cayuga street. At the corner of Cayuga and Court street, Saturn's obelisk sits outside the former location of the Tompkins County Public Library. The rings of Saturn are clearly visible within the circular window.

text: To reach Saturn, visitors turn north and continue along Cayuga street. At the corner of Cayuga and Court street, Saturn's obelisk sits outside the former location of the

entity_name: Tompkins County Public Library

text: Tompkins County Public Library

text: . The rings of Saturn are clearly visible within the circular window.

method: dangnt-nlp

text: The Saturn INT-20 was a proposed intermediate-payload follow-on from the Apollo Saturn V launch vehicle. A conical-form interstage would be fitted on top of the S-IC stage to support the S-IVB stage, so it could be considered either a retrofitted Saturn IB with a more powerful first stage, or a stubby, cut-down Saturn V without the S-II second stage.

text: The Saturn INT-20 was a proposed intermediate-payload follow-on from the

entity_name: Apollo program

text: Apollo

entity_name: Saturn V

text: Saturn V

text: launch vehicle. A conical-form interstage would be fitted on top of the

entity_name: S-IC

text: S-IC

text: stage to support the

entity_name: S-IVB

text: S-IVB

text: stage, so it could be considered either a retrofitted

entity_name: Saturn IB

text: Saturn IB

text: with a more powerful first stage, or a stubby, cut-down Saturn V without the

entity_name: S-II

text: S-II

text: second stage.

text: In 1895, his spectroscopic study of the rings of Saturn revealed that different parts of the rings reflect light with different Doppler shifts, due to their different rates of orbit around Saturn. This was the first observational confirmation of the theory of James Clerk Maxwell that the rings are made up of countless small objects, each orbiting Saturn at its own rate. These observations were made with a spectrograph attached to the 13-inch Fitz-Clark refracting telescope at Allegheny Observatory.

text: In 1895, his spectroscopic study of the

entity_name: Rings of Saturn

text: rings of Saturn

text: revealed that different parts of the rings reflect light with different

entity_name: Doppler effect

text: Doppler shifts

text: , due to their different

entity_name: Kepler's laws of planetary motion

text: rates of orbit

text: around Saturn. This was the first observational confirmation of the theory of

entity_name: James Clerk Maxwell

text: James Clerk Maxwell

text: that the rings are made up of countless small objects, each orbiting Saturn at its own rate. These observations were made with a spectrograph attached to the 13-inch Fitz-Clark refracting telescope at

entity_name: Allegheny Observatory

text: Allegheny Observatory

text: In a scene on Saturn's moon Titan which is only made imaginable by Titan's relatively low levels of gravity, its thick, hazy atmosphere, and a not-yet-discovered hyper-efficient thermal insulating material, humans fly above the moon's liquid methane sea Ligeia Mare using wings that are approximately the same size - relative to their bodies - as bird wings. The view of a spacecraft moving through the salt water crystals ejected from geysers on Saturn's moon Enceladus is a reminder that a liquid ocean beneath its icy surface could potentially provide an environment capable of sustaining some form of life. A chain of human settlements on Saturn's moon Iapetus are portrayed on the peaks of its equatorial ridge, each covered with an enormous and (apparently) transparent dome that does not obstruct the view of Saturn and its rings. (Since the orbit of Iapetus is more inclined relative to the rings than any of Saturn's other major moons, Wernquist helpfully adds that the beautiful view "would make for some highly valuable real estate.")

text: In a scene on Saturn's moon

entity_name: Titan (moon)

text: Titan

text: which is only made imaginable by Titan's relatively low levels of gravity,

text: its thick, hazy atmosphere

text: , and a not-yet-discovered hyper-efficient

text: thermal insulating material

text: , humans fly above the moon's liquid methane sea

entity_name: Ligeia Mare

text: Ligeia Mare

text: using wings that are approximately the same size - relative to their bodies - as

text: bird wings

text: . The view of a spacecraft moving through the salt water crystals ejected from geysers on Saturn's moon

entity_name: Enceladus

text: Enceladus

text: is a reminder that a liquid ocean beneath its icy surface

entity_section: Potential habitability

text: could potentially provide an environment capable of sustaining some form of life

text: . A chain of human settlements on Saturn's moon

entity_name: Iapetus (moon)

text: Iapetus

text: are portrayed on the peaks of

text: its equatorial ridge

text: , each covered with an enormous and (apparently) transparent dome that does not obstruct the view of Saturn and its rings. (Since

entity_section: Orbit

text: the orbit of Iapetus is more inclined relative to the rings than any of Saturn's other major moons

text: , Wernquist helpfully adds that the beautiful view "would make for some highly valuable real estate.")

text: The Saturn V Instrument Unit is a ring-shaped structure fitted to the top of the Saturn V rocket's third stage (S-IVB) and the Saturn IB's second stage (also an S-IVB). It was immediately below the SLA (Spacecraft/Lunar Module Adapter) panels that contained the Lunar Module. The Instrument Unit contains the guidance system for the Saturn V rocket. Some of the electronics contained within the Instrument Unit are a digital computer, analog flight control computer, emergency detection system, inertial guidance platform, control accelerometers and control rate gyros. The instrument unit (IU) for Saturn V was designed by NASA at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and was developed from the Saturn I IU. NASA's contractor to construct the Saturn V Instrument Unit was International Business Machines (IBM).

text: The Saturn V Instrument Unit is a ring-shaped structure fitted to the top of the

text: Saturn V

text: rocket's third stage (

text: S-IVB

text: ) and the

text: Saturn IB

text: 's second stage (also an S-IVB). It was immediately below the SLA (Spacecraft/Lunar Module Adapter) panels that contained the

entity_name: Apollo Lunar Module

text: Lunar Module

text: . The Instrument Unit contains the guidance system for the Saturn V rocket. Some of the electronics contained within the Instrument Unit are a

entity_name: Saturn Launch Vehicle Digital Computer

text: digital computer

text: , analog flight control computer, emergency detection system, inertial guidance platform, control accelerometers and control rate gyros. The instrument unit (IU) for Saturn V was designed by NASA at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and was developed from the Saturn I IU. NASA's contractor to construct the Saturn V Instrument Unit was International Business Machines (

entity_name: IBM

text: IBM

text: Fateev also found the explosive instability of ice,  and its mixtures at high inhomogeneous pressures. In 2001 – 2006, he showed  (before the Cassini spacecraft made its flyby of Saturn’s moons) the possibility of explosive release of gas and ice dust on Jupiter’s and Saturn’s moons (such icy moons as Europe, Ganymede and Enceladus).

text: Fateev also found the explosive instability of ice,  and its mixtures at high inhomogeneous pressures. In 2001 – 2006, he showed  (before the

entity_name: Cassini–Huygens

text: Cassini

text: spacecraft made its flyby of Saturn’s moons) the possibility of explosive release of gas and ice dust on

entity_name: Jupiter

text: Jupiter

text: ’s and

entity_name: Saturn

text: Saturn

text: ’s

entity_name: Natural satellite

text: moons

text: (such icy moons as

entity_name: Europe

text: Europe

text: , Ganymede and

text: Enceladus

text: The facility was originally constructed in 1940 at the village of Michoud, Louisiana by Higgins-Tucker division of Higgins Industries under the direction of Andrew Jackson Higgins on behalf of the United States government for the war production during World War II to make plywood C-76 cargo planes and landing craft. During the Korean War it made engines for Sherman and Patton tanks, and boasted a 5,500 foot paved runway. It came under the management of NASA in 1961 and was used for the construction of the S-IC first stage of the Saturn V rockets and the S-IB first stage of the Saturn IB rockets built by Chrysler Corp. It is home to the first stage of the last-constructed Saturn V, SA-515 built by Chrysler Corp. and Boeing Corp.It must be noted that its height limitation, unable to allow the construction of the bigger C-8 direct Moon vehicle, was one of the major reasons why the smaller C-5 (later renamed Saturn V) was chosen instead of the originally planned  Moon vehicle.

text: The facility was originally constructed in 1940 at the village of

entity_name: Michoud, New Orleans

text: Michoud, Louisiana

text: by Higgins-Tucker division of

entity_name: Higgins Industries

text: Higgins Industries

text: under the direction of

entity_name: Andrew Higgins

text: Andrew Jackson Higgins

text: on behalf of the United States government for the war production during

entity_name: World War II

text: World War II

text: to make plywood

entity_name: Curtiss-Wright C-76 Caravan

entity_name: Cargo aircraft

text: cargo plane

text: s and

entity_name: Landing craft

text: landing craft

text: . During the

entity_name: Korean War

text: Korean War

text: it made engines for

entity_name: M4 Sherman

text: Sherman

text: and

entity_name: M46 Patton

text: Patton

text: tanks, and boasted a 5,500 foot paved runway. It came under the management of NASA in 1961 and was used for the construction of the

text: S-IC

text: first stage of the

text: Saturn V

text: rockets and the

entity_name: S-IB

text: S-IB

text: first stage of the

text: Saturn IB

text: rockets built by Chrysler Corp. It is home to the first stage of the last-constructed Saturn V, SA-515 built by Chrysler Corp. and Boeing Corp.It must be noted that its height limitation, unable to allow the construction of the bigger C-8 direct Moon vehicle, was one of the major reasons why the smaller C-5 (later renamed Saturn V) was chosen instead of the originally planned  Moon vehicle.

method: Bert-DRMMTKS

text: The Saturn Orbital Insertion (SOI) maneuver performed by Cassini was complex, requiring the craft to orient its High-Gain Antenna away from Earth and along its flight path, to shield its instruments from particles in Saturn's rings. Once the craft crossed the ring plane, it had to rotate again to point its engine along its flight path, and then the engine fired to decelerate the craft by 622 meters per second to allow Saturn to capture it. Cassini was captured by Saturn's gravity at around 8:54 pm Pacific Daylight Time on June 30, 2004. During the maneuver Cassini passed within  of Saturn's cloud tops.

text: The Saturn Orbital Insertion (SOI) maneuver performed by Cassini was complex, requiring the craft to orient its High-Gain Antenna away from Earth and along its flight path, to shield its instruments from particles in Saturn's rings. Once the craft crossed the ring plane, it had to rotate again to point its engine along its flight path, and then the engine fired to decelerate the craft by 622 meters per second to allow Saturn to capture it. Cassini was captured by Saturn's gravity at around 8:54 pm

entity_name: Pacific Time Zone

entity_section: Daylight time

text: Pacific Daylight Time

text: on June 30, 2004. During the maneuver Cassini passed within  of Saturn's cloud tops.

text: Titan – Colonized moon of Saturn.

text: Titan – Colonized moon of Saturn.

text: The Ecotec 2.2, model L61 first appeared in the 2000 Saturn LS1; the L61-powered Saturn Ion also replaced the Saturn-powered Saturn S-Series.

text: The Ecotec 2.2, model L61 first appeared in the 2000

entity_name: Saturn L-Series

text: Saturn LS1

text: ; the L61-powered

entity_name: Saturn Ion

text: Saturn Ion

text: also replaced the

entity_name: Saturn I4 engine

text: Saturn

text: -powered

entity_name: Saturn S-Series

text: Saturn S-Series

method: UvABottomUpChangeOrder

text: Titan is the sixth ellipsoidal moon from Saturn. Frequently described as a planet-like moon, Titan's diameter is 50% larger than Earth's natural satellite, the Moon, and it is 80% more massive. It is the second-largest moon in the Solar System, after Jupiter's moon Ganymede, and is larger than the smallest planet, Mercury, although only 40% as massive. Discovered in 1655 by the Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens,  Titan was the first known moon of Saturn, and the sixth known planetary satellite. Titan orbits Saturn at 20 Saturn radii. From Titan's surface Saturn subtends an arc of 5.7 degrees and would appear 11.4 times the size our moon does to us.

text: Titan is the sixth ellipsoidal moon from

text: Saturn

text: . Frequently described as a planet-like moon, Titan's diameter is 50% larger than Earth's natural satellite, the

entity_name: Moon

text: Moon

text: , and it is 80% more massive. It is the

entity_name: List of natural satellites

text: second-largest moon

text: in the

entity_name: Solar System

text: Solar System

text: , after Jupiter's moon

entity_name: Ganymede (moon)

text: Ganymede

text: , and is larger than the smallest planet,

entity_name: Mercury (planet)

text: Mercury

text: , although only 40% as massive. Discovered in 1655 by the Dutch astronomer

entity_name: Christiaan Huygens

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: ,  Titan was the first known moon of Saturn, and the sixth known planetary satellite. Titan orbits Saturn at 20 Saturn radii. From Titan's surface Saturn subtends an arc of 5.7 degrees and would appear 11.4 times the size our moon does to us.

text: The Cassini mission, which arrived at Saturn in the summer of 2004, initially discovered three small inner moons including Methone and Pallene between Mimas and Enceladus as well as the second Lagrangian moon of Dione—Polydeuces. It also observed three suspected but unconfirmed moons in the F Ring. In  Cassini scientists announced that the structure of Saturn's rings indicates the presence of several more moons orbiting within the rings, although only one, Daphnis, has been visually confirmed so far (in 2005). In 2007 Anthe was announced. In 2008 it was reported that Cassini observations of a depletion of energetic electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere near Rhea might be the signature of a tenuous ring system around Saturn's second largest moon. In , Aegaeon, a moonlet within the G Ring, was announced. In July of the same year, S/2009 S 1, the first moonlet within the B Ring, was observed. In April 2014, the possible beginning of a new moon, within the A Ring, was reported. (related image)

text: The

text: Cassini

text: mission, which arrived at Saturn in the summer of 2004, initially discovered three small inner moons including

entity_name: Methone (moon)

text: Methone

text: and

entity_name: Pallene (moon)

text: Pallene

text: between Mimas and Enceladus as well as the second Lagrangian moon of Dione—

entity_name: Polydeuces (moon)

text: Polydeuces

text: . It also observed three suspected but unconfirmed moons in the

entity_section: F Ring

text: F Ring

text: . In  Cassini scientists announced that the structure of

text: Saturn's rings

text: indicates the presence of several more moons orbiting within the rings, although only one,

entity_name: Daphnis (moon)

text: Daphnis

text: , has been visually confirmed so far (in 2005). In 2007

entity_name: Anthe (moon)

text: Anthe

text: was announced. In 2008 it was reported that Cassini observations of a depletion of energetic electrons in Saturn's

entity_name: Magnetosphere

text: magnetosphere

text: near

entity_name: Rhea (moon)

text: Rhea

text: might be the signature of a

entity_name: Rings of Rhea

text: tenuous ring system

text: around Saturn's second largest moon. In ,

entity_name: Aegaeon (moon)

text: Aegaeon

text: , a moonlet within the G Ring, was announced. In July of the same year,

text: S/2009 S 1

text: , the first moonlet within the B Ring, was observed. In April 2014, the possible beginning of a new

text: moon

text: , within the

entity_section: A Ring

text: A Ring

text: , was reported. (

text: related image

text: Ngami Lacuna, a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan is named after this lake.

text: Ngami Lacuna

text: , a

text: methane

text: lake on

text: Saturn

text: 's moon

text: Titan

text: is named after this lake.

text: The Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film is one of the Saturn Awards that has been presented annually since 1972 by Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films to the best film in the science fiction genre of the previous year.

text: The Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film is one of the

text: Saturn Award

text: s that has been presented annually since 1972 by

entity_name: Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films

text: Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films

text: to the best film in the

text: science fiction

text: genre of the previous year.

text: Titan orbits Saturn once every 15 days and 22 hours. Like the Moon and many of the satellites of the giant planets, its rotational period (its day) is identical to its orbital period; Titan is thus tidally locked in synchronous rotation with Saturn, and permanently shows one face to the planet, hence, Titan's "day" is equal to its orbit period. Because of this, there is a sub-Saturnian point on its surface, from which the planet would always appear to hang directly overhead. Longitudes on Titan are measured westward, starting from the meridian passing through this point. Its orbital eccentricity is 0.0288, and the orbital plane is inclined 0.348 degrees relative to the Saturnian equator. Viewed from Earth, Titan reaches an angular distance of about 20 Saturn radii (just over ) from Saturn and subtends a disk 0.8 arcseconds in diameter.

text: Titan orbits Saturn once every 15 days and 22 hours. Like the

text: Moon

text: and many of the satellites of the

text: giant planet

text: s, its

text: rotational period

text: (its day) is identical to its orbital period; Titan is thus

text: tidally locked

text: in

text: synchronous rotation

text: with Saturn, and permanently shows one face to the planet, hence, Titan's "day" is equal to its orbit period. Because of this, there is a sub-Saturnian point on its surface, from which the planet would always appear to hang directly overhead. Longitudes on Titan are measured westward, starting from the meridian passing through this point. Its orbital eccentricity is 0.0288, and the orbital plane is inclined 0.348 degrees relative to the Saturnian equator. Viewed from Earth, Titan reaches an angular distance of about 20 Saturn radii (just over ) from Saturn and subtends a disk 0.8

text: arcsecond

text: s in diameter.

text: Greip ( ), or Saturn LI (provisional designation S/2006 S 4), is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on 26 June 2006, from observations taken between 5 January and 1 May 2006.Greip is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,066 Mm in 906.556 days, at an inclination of 172.7° to the ecliptic (159.2° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3735.

text: Greip ( ), or Saturn LI (provisional designation S/2006 S 4), is a

text: natural satellite

text: of

text: Saturn

text: . Its discovery was announced by

text: Scott S. Sheppard

text: David C. Jewitt

text: Jan Kleyna

text: , and

text: Brian G. Marsden

text: on 26 June 2006, from observations taken between 5 January and 1 May 2006.Greip is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,066 Mm in 906.556 days, at an

text: inclination

text: of 172.7° to the

text: ecliptic

text: (159.2° to Saturn's equator), in a

text: retrograde

text: direction and with an

text: eccentricity

text: of 0.3735.

text: Juno V-A was studied in 1958, as a new name for the Super-Jupiter rocket. The only difference was that the rocket's first stage would not have 4 E-1 engines, which were developed in 1957, but were cancelled and paved the way for the F-1 engine, which was used on the Saturn V rocket which took men to the moon. Instead, the Juno V-A would use the first stage of a Saturn I launcher to propel it into space and a whole Titan I ICBM to continue the journey. Juno V-A was never developed, but all its stages were used on different launch vehicles, now retired as of today.

text: Juno V-A was studied in 1958, as a new name for the

text: Super-Jupiter

text: rocket. The only difference was that the rocket's first stage would not have 4 E-1 engines, which were developed in 1957, but were cancelled and paved the way for the

text: engine, which was used on the Saturn V rocket which took men to the

text: moon

text: . Instead, the Juno V-A would use the first stage of a

text: Saturn I

text: launcher to propel it into space and a whole

text: Titan I

text: ICBM to continue the journey. Juno V-A was never developed, but all its stages were used on different launch vehicles, now retired as of today.

text: On the other three gas giants, eclipses only occur at certain periods during the planet's orbit, due to their higher inclination between the orbits of the moon and the orbital plane of the planet. The moon Titan, for example, has an orbital plane tilted about 1.6° to Saturn's equatorial plane. But Saturn has an axial tilt of nearly 27°. The orbital plane of Titan only crosses the line of sight to the Sun at two points along Saturn's orbit. As the orbital period of Saturn is 29.7 years, an eclipse is only possible about every 15 years.

text: On the other three

text: gas giant

text: s, eclipses only occur at certain periods during the planet's orbit, due to their higher

text: inclination

text: between the orbits of the moon and the

text: orbital plane

text: of the planet. The moon

text: Titan

text: , for example, has an orbital plane tilted about 1.6° to Saturn's equatorial plane. But Saturn has an axial tilt of nearly 27°. The orbital plane of Titan only crosses the line of sight to the Sun at two points along Saturn's orbit. As the orbital period of Saturn is 29.7 years, an eclipse is only possible about every 15 years.

text: Saturn is associated with Saturday, which was named after the deity Saturn. Dante Alighieri associated Saturn with the liberal art of astronomia (astronomy and astrology).

text: Saturn is associated with Saturday, which was named after the deity Saturn. Dante Alighieri associated Saturn with the liberal art of astronomia (

text: astronomy and astrology

text: s apprentice) and the other variant is not (the third moon of Saturn; a Greek god; the smith

text: The largest moon of Saturn is a world in its own right: Titan has a dense atmosphere and complex weather system, with liquid-carved river networks and sizable seas.

text: The largest moon of

text: Saturn

text: is a world in its own right:

text: Titan

text: has a dense atmosphere and complex weather system, with liquid-carved river networks and sizable seas.

text: He named it simply Saturni Luna (or Luna Saturni, Latin for "Saturn's moon"), publishing in the 1655 tract De Saturni Luna Observatio Nova (A New Observation of Saturn's Moon). After Giovanni Domenico Cassini published his discoveries of four more moons of Saturn between 1673 and 1686, astronomers fell into the habit of referring to these and Titan as Saturn I through V (with Titan then in fourth position). Other early epithets for Titan include "Saturn's ordinary satellite". Titan is officially numbered Saturn VI because after the 1789 discoveries the numbering scheme was frozen to avoid causing any more confusion (Titan having borne the numbers II and IV as well as VI). Numerous small moons have been discovered closer to Saturn since then.

text: He named it simply Saturni Luna (or Luna Saturni, Latin for "Saturn's moon"), publishing in the 1655 tract De Saturni Luna Observatio Nova (A New Observation of Saturn's Moon). After

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: published his discoveries of four more moons of Saturn between 1673 and 1686, astronomers fell into the habit of referring to these and Titan as Saturn I through V (with Titan then in fourth position). Other early epithets for Titan include "Saturn's ordinary satellite". Titan is officially numbered Saturn VI because after the 1789 discoveries the numbering scheme was frozen to avoid causing any more confusion (Titan having borne the numbers II and IV as well as VI). Numerous small moons have been discovered closer to Saturn since then.

text: Hammar Lacus, a feature on Titan, the moon of Saturn, is named after Hammar Lake.

text: Hammar Lacus

text: , a feature on

text: Titan

text: , the

text: moon

text: of

text: Saturn

text: , is named after Hammar Lake.

text: When satellites or rings are first discovered, they are given provisional designations such as "" (the 11th new satellite of Jupiter discovered in 2000), "" (the first new satellite of Pluto discovered in 2005), or "" (the second new ring of Saturn discovered in 2004). The initial "S/" or "R/" stands for "satellite" or "ring", respectively, distinguishing the designation from the prefixes "C/", "D/", "P/", and "X/" used for comets. These designations are sometimes written as "", dropping the second space.

text: When satellites or

text: rings

text: are first discovered, they are given provisional designations such as "" (the 11th new satellite of

text: Jupiter

text: discovered in 2000), "" (the first new satellite of

text: Pluto

text: discovered in 2005), or "" (the second new ring of

text: Saturn

text: discovered in 2004). The initial "S/" or "R/" stands for "satellite" or "ring", respectively, distinguishing the designation from the prefixes "C/", "D/", "P/", and "X/" used for

text: comet

text: s. These designations are sometimes written as "", dropping the second space.

text: Muhurta Charts revealing Balarishta ava-yogas indicate that either the period when the benefits accruing from the work commenced will be very brief or the task begun will not meet successful culmination; their role is similar to that of the Marakas, planets endowed with death-afflicting power. Morarji Desai’s government collapsed because Saturn and Rahu afflicted the 10th house; Mars, in mutual aspect with Saturn afflicting Leo Lagna, transited the 10th house in the swearing-in chart, and the Moon occupied Uttarabhadrapada nakshatra ruled by the afflicted maraka-lord Saturn. In the case of Charan Singh who was sworn in as India’s Prime Minister on 28/07/1979 the Moon in Poorvaphalguni nakshatra was severely afflicted by Saturn, Rahu and Mars thus causing a strong Balarishta yoga; he had to resign within one month.

text: Muhurta Charts revealing Balarishta ava-yogas indicate that either the period when the benefits accruing from the work commenced will be very brief or the task begun will not meet successful culmination; their role is similar to that of the Marakas, planets endowed with death-afflicting power.

text: Morarji Desai

text: ’s government collapsed because Saturn and Rahu afflicted the 10th house; Mars, in mutual aspect with Saturn afflicting Leo Lagna, transited the 10th house in the swearing-in chart, and the Moon occupied Uttarabhadrapada nakshatra ruled by the afflicted maraka-lord Saturn. In the case of

text: Charan Singh

text: who was sworn in as India’s Prime Minister on 28/07/1979 the Moon in Poorvaphalguni nakshatra was severely afflicted by Saturn, Rahu and Mars thus causing a strong Balarishta yoga; he had to resign within one month.

text: Saturn's rings would be seen from an angle of only 0.019° and be almost invisible, but their shadow on Saturn's disk would be clearly distinguishable. Like our own Moon from Earth, Saturn itself would show regular phases. From Enceladus, the Sun would have a diameter of only 3.5 minutes of arc, one-ninth that of the Moon as seen from Earth.

text: Saturn's rings would be seen from an angle of only 0.019° and be almost invisible, but their shadow on Saturn's disk would be clearly distinguishable. Like our own Moon from Earth, Saturn itself would show regular

text: phase

text: s. From Enceladus, the Sun would have a diameter of only 3.5 minutes of arc, one-ninth that of the Moon as seen from Earth.

text: Saturn is probably best known for the system of planetary rings that makes it visually unique. The rings extend from 6,630 km to 120,700 km outward from Saturn's equator, average approximately 20 meters in thickness and are composed of 93% water ice with traces of tholin impurities and 7% amorphous carbon. The particles that make up the rings range in size from specks of dust up to 10 m. While the other gas giants also have ring systems, Saturn's is the largest and most visible.

text: Saturn is probably best known for the system of

text: planetary ring

text: s that makes it visually unique. The rings extend from 6,630 km to 120,700 km outward from Saturn's equator, average approximately 20 meters in thickness and are composed of 93% water ice with traces of

text: tholin

text: impurities and 7% amorphous

text: carbon

text: . The particles that make up the rings range in size from specks of dust up to 10 m. While the other

text: gas giant

text: s also have ring systems, Saturn's is the largest and most visible.

text: The building was built to house a restored Saturn V launch vehicle and features other exhibits related to the Apollo program.  Until the structure was built, the Saturn V was displayed horizontally for many years outdoors just south of the Vehicle Assembly Building and tour buses brought visitors to it. The rocket's first stage is S-IC-T (a test stage) and the second (S-II) and third stages (S-IVB) are from SA-514, which would have been used for the canceled Apollo 19 mission.  The interstages between the first and second stages and between the second and third stages are not present, but the Instrument Unit is on display (showing the internal equipment).  The booster has been repainted to resemble Apollo 11's Saturn V. Its command module is the boilerplate BP-30.

text: The building was built to house a restored

text: Saturn V

text: launch vehicle and features other exhibits related to the

text: Apollo program

text: .  Until the structure was built, the Saturn V was displayed horizontally for many years outdoors just south of the

text: Vehicle Assembly Building

text: and tour buses brought visitors to it. The rocket's first stage is

text: S-IC

text: -T (a test stage) and the second (

text: S-II

text: ) and third stages (

text: S-IVB

text: ) are from SA-514, which would have been used for the

text: canceled Apollo 19

text: mission.  The interstages between the first and second stages and between the second and third stages are not present, but the

text: Instrument Unit

text: is on display (showing the internal equipment).  The booster has been repainted to resemble Apollo 11's Saturn V. Its command module is the boilerplate

text: Hyperion is the largest irregularly-shaped moon of Saturn, orbiting between Titan and Iapetus.

text: Hyperion

text: is the largest irregularly-shaped moon of Saturn, orbiting between Titan and Iapetus.

text: Saturn is a German chain of electronics stores, now found in several European countries. Saturn sells household appliances, home entertainment, and media such as CDs and DVDs. With Media Markt it constitutes Media-Saturn Holding, owned by the German retail trade company METRO. It is known for its slightly coarse German-language advertising slogan "Geiz ist geil!" ("Stinginess is cool!").

text: Saturn is a

text: German

text: chain

text: of

text: electronics

text: stores, now found in several

text: Europe

text: an countries. Saturn sells household appliances, home entertainment, and media such as

text: CDs

text: and

text: DVD

text: s. With

text: Media Markt

text: it constitutes

text: Media-Saturn Holding

text: , owned by the German retail trade company

text: METRO

text: . It is known for its slightly coarse

text: German-language

text: advertising

text: slogan

text: "Geiz ist geil!" ("Stinginess is cool!").

text: Dale Sutton, a recent graduate from the Space Academy, is assigned to the Albatross, a decrepit old spaceship. When the Albatross is assigned to explore the mysterious ringed planet Saturn, Dale remembers the story of Captain Dearborn who had commanded the first and last mission to Saturn. When the Albatross reaches Saturn's moon Titan, the superstitious fears of the crew are realized as equipment begins to disappear, and eventually people.

text: Dale Sutton, a recent graduate from the Space Academy, is assigned to the Albatross, a decrepit old spaceship. When the Albatross is assigned to explore the mysterious ringed planet Saturn, Dale remembers the story of Captain Dearborn who had commanded the first and last mission to Saturn. When the Albatross reaches Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: , the superstitious fears of the crew are realized as equipment begins to disappear, and eventually people.

text: The rings of Saturn are made up of objects ranging in size from microscopic to moonlets hundreds of meters across, each in its own orbit around Saturn. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, because there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. Over 150 moonlets embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

text: The rings of Saturn are made up of objects ranging in size from microscopic to

text: moonlet

text: s hundreds of meters across, each in its own orbit around Saturn. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, because there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. Over 150 moonlets embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

text: Jyotish (South Asian) astrology views Saturn's transits around the 12 houses of the Zodiac as important during these moments: the sade-sati or -year period, in which Saturn transits the houses before and after, as well as in, the house where the native's Moon lies. These seven and a half can often be difficult, and people go through difficulties and obstacles during these periods. Those with Capricorn, Aquarius and Libra Moons, however, see great progress, since Saturn rules the first two, and is exalted in the last sign. In addition, Saturn's transit through the Fourth and the Eighth Houses are also seen as important: known respectively as the dhaiya and astamashani periods.

text: Jyotish

text: (South Asian) astrology views Saturn's transits around the 12 houses of the Zodiac as important during these moments: the sade-sati or -year period, in which Saturn transits the houses before and after, as well as in, the house where the native's Moon lies. These seven and a half can often be difficult, and people go through difficulties and obstacles during these periods. Those with Capricorn, Aquarius and Libra Moons, however, see great progress, since Saturn rules the first two, and is exalted in the last sign. In addition, Saturn's transit through the Fourth and the Eighth Houses are also seen as important: known respectively as the dhaiya and astamashani periods.

text: Saturn has at least 62 known moons, although the exact number is debatable since Saturn's rings are made up of vast numbers of independently orbiting objects of varying sizes. The largest of the moons is Titan. Titan holds the distinction of being the only moon in the Solar System with an atmosphere denser and thicker than that of Earth. As a result of the deployment from the Cassini spacecraft of the Huygens probe and its successful landing on Titan, Titan also holds the distinction of being the only object in the outer Solar System that has been explored with a lander.

text: Saturn has at least 62

text: known moons

text: , although the exact number is debatable since Saturn's rings are made up of vast numbers of independently orbiting objects of varying sizes. The largest of the moons is

text: Titan

text: . Titan holds the distinction of being the only moon in the Solar System with an atmosphere denser and thicker than that of Earth. As a result of the deployment from the Cassini spacecraft of the Huygens probe and its successful landing on Titan, Titan also holds the distinction of being the only object in the outer Solar System that has been explored with a lander.

text: By the end of 2009, GM closed all of its 46 Saturn dealerships in Canada, even for Saturn dealerships also selling Saab vehicles. GM and Penske decided that they could no longer make a business case to distribute Saturn vehicles in Canada after the sale of the brand. Saturn's customer service, parts, and warranty operations moved to other GM dealerships in Canada.

text: In 1837, Encke described a broad variation in the brightness of the A Ring of Saturn.  The Encke Gap was later named in honor of his observations of Saturn's rings.

text: In 1837, Encke described a broad variation in the brightness of the

text: A Ring

text: of

text: Saturn

text: .  The

text: Encke Gap

text: was later named in honor of his observations of Saturn's rings.

text: Glacier then entered a feud with Perry Saturn, starting with an angle in which he cut a promo on the May 11 Nitro declaring that his Cryonic Kick finisher was his own move and threatened to take out anyone who used it. This prompted a response from Saturn on Thunder later in the week, in which he lambasted Glacier for his in-ring appearance and his claiming ownership of the superkick. Starting with a pin of Sick Boy on May 18 after Saturn's outside interference was unsuccessful, Glacier then fought a series of matches against several other members of Raven's Flock. He and Saturn then alternated wins on WCW Thunder, but the most notable aspect of the angle was that Kanyon, who had recently shed the Mortis gimmick, was regularly conducting sneak attacks on Raven and the Flock in various disguises. On the June 4 edition of Thunder, Kanyon (disguised as referee Nick Patrick) entered the ring and took out Saturn with a Russian legsweep, allowing Glacier to get the win, and flashed the Mortis mask to Glacier before leaving the ring. The feud died down shortly thereafter when Saturn was moved to a new angle involving Raven and the breakup of the Flock. A Glacier-Saturn matchup (won by Saturn) that aired on WCW Worldwide on September 26 was the last match broadcast on the program before its format was changed to a recap show.

text: Glacier then entered a feud with

text: Perry Saturn

text: , starting with an angle in which he cut a promo on the May 11 Nitro declaring that his Cryonic Kick finisher was his own move and threatened to take out anyone who used it. This prompted a response from Saturn on Thunder later in the week, in which he lambasted Glacier for his in-ring appearance and his claiming ownership of the superkick. Starting with a pin of

text: Sick Boy

text: on May 18 after Saturn's outside interference was unsuccessful, Glacier then fought a series of matches against several other members of

text: Raven's Flock

text: . He and Saturn then alternated wins on

text: WCW Thunder

text: , but the most notable aspect of the angle was that Kanyon, who had recently shed the Mortis gimmick, was regularly conducting sneak attacks on

text: Raven

text: and the Flock in various disguises. On the June 4 edition of Thunder, Kanyon (disguised as referee

text: Nick Patrick

text: ) entered the ring and took out Saturn with a Russian legsweep, allowing Glacier to get the win, and flashed the Mortis mask to Glacier before leaving the ring. The feud died down shortly thereafter when Saturn was moved to a new angle involving Raven and the breakup of the Flock. A Glacier-Saturn matchup (won by Saturn) that aired on

text: WCW Worldwide

text: on September 26 was the last match broadcast on the program before its format was changed to a recap show.

text: As with all astronomers of the Struve family, Herman was mostly working on establishing position and movements of single and double stars and satellites of the planets of the Solar System. In 1885, a 30-inch refracting telescope was installed at Pulkovo, at the time the largest in the world (see great refractor). Struve was the first user of that telescope, which he used mostly for determining positions of a large number of double stars. His other major topic was Saturn, but he also studied Mars, Neptune and the fifth moon of Jupiter. He could not observe Uranus from Pulkovo because it was too far south. In 1888, Struve discovered libration of Hyperion (the seventh moon of Saturn) and explained it by the perturbing action of the largest Saturn's moon, Titan. The same year, he introduced an intersatelite method of correcting orbital position of satellites. The method was rather successful because systematic errors in visual observations of some planets, such as Mars, were unacceptably large. Struve, however, realized that the method had flaws and recommended combining planet/satellite and intersatellite measurements. In 1892, Struve discovered libration of two other moons of Saturn, Mimas and Enceladus. His observations of the moon of Mars, Phobos, were later used by B. Sharpless in studying the secular acceleration of its orbit.

text: As with all astronomers of the Struve family, Herman was mostly working on establishing position and movements of single and

text: double star

text: s and satellites of the planets of the Solar System. In 1885, a 30-inch

text: refracting telescope

text: was installed at Pulkovo, at the time the largest in the world (see

text: great refractor

text: ). Struve was the first user of that telescope, which he used mostly for determining positions of a large number of

text: double star

text: s. His other major topic was

text: Saturn

text: , but he also studied

text: Mars

text: Neptune

text: and the fifth moon of

text: Jupiter

text: . He could not observe

text: Uranus

text: from Pulkovo because it was too far south. In 1888, Struve discovered

text: libration

text: of

text: Hyperion

text: (the seventh

text: moon of Saturn

text: ) and explained it by the perturbing action of the largest Saturn's moon,

text: Titan

text: . The same year, he introduced an intersatelite method of correcting orbital position of satellites. The method was rather successful because systematic errors in visual observations of some planets, such as Mars, were unacceptably large. Struve, however, realized that the method had flaws and recommended combining planet/satellite and intersatellite measurements. In 1892, Struve discovered libration of two other moons of Saturn,

text: Mimas

text: and

text: Enceladus

text: . His observations of the moon of Mars,

text: Phobos

text: , were later used by B. Sharpless in studying the secular acceleration of its orbit.

text: Saturn's rings may be very old, dating to the formation of Saturn itself. There are two main theories regarding the origin of Saturn's inner rings. One theory, originally proposed by Édouard Roche in the 19th century, is that the rings were once a moon of Saturn (named Veritas, a Roman goddess who hid in a well) whose orbit decayed until it came close enough to be ripped apart by tidal forces (see Roche limit). A variation on this theory is that this moon disintegrated after being struck by a large comet or asteroid. The second theory is that the rings were never part of a moon, but are instead left over from the original nebular material from which Saturn formed.

text: Saturn's rings may be very old, dating to the formation of Saturn itself. There are two main theories regarding the origin of Saturn's inner rings. One theory, originally proposed by

text: Édouard Roche

text: in the 19th century, is that the rings were once a moon of Saturn (named Veritas, a Roman goddess who hid in a well) whose orbit decayed until it came close enough to be ripped apart by

text: tidal force

text: s (see

text: Roche limit

text: ). A variation on this theory is that this moon disintegrated after being struck by a large

text: comet

text: or

text: asteroid

text: . The second theory is that the rings were never part of a moon, but are instead left over from the original

text: nebula

text: r material from which Saturn formed.

text: Also, from time to time Saturn is occulted by the Moon (that is, the Moon covers up Saturn in the sky). As with all the planets in the Solar System, occultations of Saturn occur in “seasons”. Saturnian occultations will take place 12 or more times over a 12-month period, followed by about a five-year period in which no such activity is registered. Australian astronomy experts Hill and Horner explain the seasonal nature of Saturnian occultations:

text: Also, from time to time Saturn is

text: occulted

text: by the Moon (that is, the Moon covers up Saturn in the sky). As with all the planets in the Solar System, occultations of Saturn occur in “seasons”. Saturnian occultations will take place 12 or more times over a 12-month period, followed by about a five-year period in which no such activity is registered. Australian astronomy experts Hill and Horner explain the seasonal nature of Saturnian occultations:

text: In 2012, a super-Venus planet, and an eccentric Neptune / Saturn in the habitable zone, were deduced by radial velocity. They were published in January 2013. In January 2014, a new, sub-Saturn planet candidate was reported.

text: In 2012, a super-Venus

text: planet

text: , and an eccentric Neptune / Saturn in the habitable zone, were deduced by

text: radial velocity

text: . They were published in January 2013. In January 2014, a new, sub-Saturn planet candidate was reported.

text: The densest parts of the Saturnian ring system are the A and B Rings, which are separated by the Cassini Division (discovered in 1675 by Giovanni Domenico Cassini). Along with the C Ring, which was discovered in 1850 and is similar in character to the Cassini Division, these regions constitute the main rings. The main rings are denser and contain larger particles than the tenuous dusty rings. The latter include the D Ring, extending inward to Saturn's cloud tops, the G and E Rings and others beyond the main ring system. These diffuse rings are characterised as "dusty" because of the small size of their particles (often about a micrometre); their chemical composition is, like the main rings, almost entirely of water ice. The narrow F Ring, just off the outer edge of the A Ring, is more difficult to categorize; parts of it are very dense, but it also contains a great deal of dust-size particles.

text: The densest parts of the Saturnian ring system are the A and B Rings, which are separated by the Cassini Division (discovered in 1675 by

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: ). Along with the C Ring, which was discovered in 1850 and is similar in character to the Cassini Division, these regions constitute the main rings. The main rings are denser and contain larger particles than the tenuous dusty rings. The latter include the D Ring, extending inward to Saturn's cloud tops, the G and E Rings and others beyond the main ring system. These diffuse rings are characterised as "dusty" because of the small size of their particles (often about a micrometre); their chemical composition is, like the main rings, almost entirely of water ice. The narrow F Ring, just off the outer edge of the A Ring, is more difficult to categorize; parts of it are very dense, but it also contains a great deal of dust-size particles.

text: The second largest moon of the planet Saturn is named after her.

text: The

text: second largest moon

text: of the planet

text: Saturn

text: is named after her.

text: Saturn 5 Trilogy tells the story of a fictional NASA Saturn 5 Mission, where the crew of the spacecraft Gloria is sent to map the rings of Saturn. While in orbit around Saturn's moon, Titan, the Gloria suffers a crippling disaster that leaves the craft stranded in geosynchronous orbit on the dark side of the moon. The crew is cut off from radio contact with Earth and the light of the sun, and both the crew and their families fear they are lost forever.

text: Saturn 5 Trilogy tells the story of a fictional NASA Saturn 5 Mission, where the crew of the spacecraft Gloria is sent to map the

text: rings of Saturn

text: . While in orbit around

text: Saturn

text: 's moon,

text: Titan

text: , the Gloria suffers a crippling disaster that leaves the craft stranded in

text: geosynchronous orbit

text: on the dark side of the moon. The crew is cut off from radio contact with Earth and the light of the sun, and both the crew and their families fear they are lost forever.

text: Erriapus is about 10 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 17,3 Gm in 871 days.

text: The jumping-Jupiter scenario replaces the smooth separation of Jupiter and Saturn with a series of jumps, thereby avoiding the sweeping of secular resonances through the inner Solar System as their period ratio crosses from 2.1-2.3. In the jumping-Jupiter scenario an ice giant is scattered inward by Saturn onto a Jupiter-crossing orbit and then scattered outward by Jupiter. Saturn's semi-major axis is increased in the first gravitational encounter and Jupiter's reduced by the second with the net result being an increase in their period ratio. In numerical simulations the process can be much more complex: while the trend is for Jupiter's and Saturn's orbits to separate, depending on the geometry of the encounters, individual jumps of Jupiter's and Saturn's semi-major axes can be either up and down. In addition to numerous encounters with Jupiter and Saturn, the ice giant can encounter other ice giant(s) and in some cases cross significant parts of the asteroid belt. The gravitational encounters occur over a period of 10,000–100,000 years, and end when dynamical friction with the planetesimal disk dampens the ice giant's eccentricity, raising its perihelion beyond Saturn's orbit; or when the ice giant is ejected from the Solar System. A jumping-Jupiter scenario occurs in a subset of numerical simulations of the Nice model, including some done for the original Nice model paper. The chances of Saturn scattering an ice giant onto a Jupiter-crossing orbit increases when the initial Saturn–ice giant distance is less than 3 AU, and with the 35-Earth-mass planetesimal belt used in the original Nice model, typically results in the ejection of the ice giant.

text: The jumping-Jupiter scenario replaces the smooth separation of Jupiter and Saturn with a series of jumps, thereby avoiding the sweeping of secular resonances through the inner Solar System as their period ratio crosses from 2.1-2.3. In the jumping-Jupiter scenario an ice giant is scattered inward by Saturn onto a Jupiter-crossing orbit and then scattered outward by Jupiter. Saturn's

text: semi-major axis

text: is increased in the first gravitational encounter and Jupiter's reduced by the second with the net result being an increase in their period ratio. In numerical simulations the process can be much more complex: while the trend is for Jupiter's and Saturn's orbits to separate, depending on the geometry of the encounters, individual jumps of Jupiter's and Saturn's semi-major axes can be either up and down. In addition to numerous encounters with Jupiter and Saturn, the ice giant can encounter other ice giant(s) and in some cases cross significant parts of the asteroid belt. The gravitational encounters occur over a period of 10,000–100,000 years, and end when dynamical friction with the planetesimal disk dampens the ice giant's eccentricity, raising its

text: perihelion

text: beyond Saturn's orbit; or when the ice giant is ejected from the Solar System. A jumping-Jupiter scenario occurs in a subset of numerical simulations of the Nice model, including some done for the original

text: Nice model

text: paper. The chances of Saturn scattering an ice giant onto a Jupiter-crossing orbit increases when the initial Saturn–ice giant distance is less than 3

text: AU

text: , and with the 35-

text: Earth-mass

text: planetesimal belt used in the original Nice model, typically results in the ejection of the ice giant.

text: The second match was between Perry Saturn and Raven. Raven dominated earlier part of the match and kept on tossing Saturn outside the ring to prevent him from returning to the ring. Raven tried to attack Saturn outside the ring but was attacked by Saturn instead. Saturn started dominating Raven until Raven tried to finish Saturn with a Raven Effect. However, Saturn reversed it into a Three Handled Moss Covered Family Credenza to win the match.

text: The second match was between

text: Perry Saturn

text: and

text: Raven

text: . Raven dominated earlier part of the match and kept on tossing Saturn outside the ring to prevent him from returning to the ring. Raven tried to attack Saturn outside the ring but was attacked by Saturn instead. Saturn started dominating Raven until Raven tried to finish Saturn with a

text: Raven Effect

text: . However, Saturn reversed it into a

text: Three Handled Moss Covered Family Credenza

text: to win the match.

text: Twenty-four of Saturn's moons are regular satellites; they have prograde orbits not greatly inclined to Saturn's equatorial plane. They include the seven major satellites, four small moons that exist in a trojan orbit with larger moons, two mutually co-orbital moons and two moons that act as shepherds of Saturn's F Ring. Two other known regular satellites orbit within gaps in Saturn's rings. The relatively large Hyperion is locked in a resonance with Titan. The remaining regular moons orbit near the outer edge of the A Ring, within G Ring and between the major moons Mimas and Enceladus. The regular satellites are traditionally named after Titans and Titanesses or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn.

text: Twenty-four of Saturn's moons are regular satellites; they have

text: prograde orbit

text: s not greatly

text: inclined

text: to Saturn's equatorial plane. They include the seven major satellites, four small moons that exist in a

text: trojan

text: orbit with larger moons, two mutually

text: co-orbital moon

text: s and two moons that act as

text: shepherds

text: of Saturn's

text: F Ring

text: . Two other known regular satellites orbit within gaps in Saturn's rings. The relatively large

text: Hyperion

text: is locked in a

text: resonance

text: with Titan. The remaining regular moons orbit near the outer edge of the

text: A Ring

text: , within

text: G Ring

text: and between the major moons

text: Mimas

text: and Enceladus. The regular satellites are traditionally named after

text: Titans

text: and Titanesses or other figures associated with the mythological

text: Saturn

text: The HG-3 was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine which was designed for use on the upper stages of Saturn rockets in the post-Apollo era. Designed in the United States by Rocketdyne, the HG-3 was to have burned cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants, with each engine producing  of thrust during flight. The engine was designed to produce a specific impulse (I) of 451 seconds in a vacuum, or 280 seconds at sea level. Developed from Rocketdyne's J-2 engine used on the S-II and S-IVB stages, the engine was intended to replace the J-2 on the upgraded S-II-2 and S-IVB-2 stages intended for use on the Saturn MLV, Saturn IB-B and Saturn V/4-260 rockets, with a sea-level optimised version, the HG-3-SL, intended for use on the Saturn INT-17. The engine was cancelled, however, during the post-Apollo drawdown when development of the more advanced Saturn rockets ceased, and never flew, although the engine was later used as the basis for the design of the RS-25 Space Shuttle main engine.

text: The HG-3 was a

text: liquid-fuel

text: cryogenic rocket engine

text: which was designed for use on the

text: upper stage

text: s of

text: Saturn rockets

text: in the post-

text: Apollo

text: era. Designed in the

text: United States

text: by

text: Rocketdyne

text: , the HG-3 was to have burned

text: cryogenic

text: liquid hydrogen

text: and

text: liquid oxygen

text: propellants, with each engine producing  of

text: thrust

text: during flight. The engine was designed to produce a

text: specific impulse

text: (I) of 451 seconds in a vacuum, or 280 seconds at sea level. Developed from Rocketdyne's

text: engine used on the

text: S-II

text: and

text: S-IVB

text: stages, the engine was intended to replace the J-2 on the upgraded

text: and

text: stages intended for use on the

text: Saturn MLV

text: Saturn IB-B

text: and

text: Saturn V/4-260

text: rockets, with a sea-level optimised version, the HG-3-SL, intended for use on the

text: Saturn INT-17

text: . The engine was cancelled, however, during the post-Apollo drawdown when development of the more advanced Saturn rockets ceased, and never flew, although the engine was later used as the basis for the design of the RS-25

text: Space Shuttle main engine

text: Saturn has a prominent ring system that consists of nine continuous main rings and three discontinuous arcs and that is composed mostly of ice particles with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust. Sixty-two moons are known to orbit Saturn, of which fifty-three are officially named. This does not include the hundreds of moonlets comprising the rings. Titan, Saturn's largest moon, and the second-largest in the Solar System, is larger than the planet Mercury, although less massive, and is the only moon in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere.

text: Saturn has a prominent

text: ring system

text: that consists of nine continuous main rings and three discontinuous arcs and that is composed mostly of ice particles with a smaller amount of rocky debris and

text: dust

text: . Sixty-two

text: moons

text: are known to orbit Saturn, of which fifty-three are officially named. This does not include the hundreds of

text: moonlet

text: s comprising the rings.

text: Titan

text: , Saturn's largest moon, and the second-largest in the Solar System, is larger than the planet

text: Mercury

text: , although less massive, and is the only moon in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere.

text: Mapex kits also come with Remo drumheads. All of the drums below Saturn come with the UT series, which are made in the Remo factory in China. They were made using the same Dupont Mylar film as is used on the Remo USA Weatherking head. The difference is in the construction of the head. Whereas the US heads were made using a poured channel technique, the China heads were crimped. The aluminium hoop was folded over a steel ring that is inserted in the U-channel to hold the film in place. Starting in 2007, Saturns and Orions came with Remo Emperor heads on the toms and clear Ambassadors for the resonant heads. This was put in place to showcase the full sonic capabilities of the drums right when they are in stores.

text: Mapex kits also come with

text: Remo

text: drumheads. All of the drums below Saturn come with the UT series, which are made in the Remo factory in

text: China

text: . They were made using the same Dupont Mylar film as is used on the Remo USA Weatherking head. The difference is in the construction of the head. Whereas the US heads were made using a poured channel technique, the China heads were crimped. The aluminium hoop was folded over a steel ring that is inserted in the U-channel to hold the film in place. Starting in 2007, Saturns and Orions came with Remo Emperor heads on the toms and clear Ambassadors for the resonant heads. This was put in place to showcase the full sonic capabilities of the drums right when they are in stores.

text: Before the advent of telescopic photography, eight moons of Saturn were discovered by direct observation using optical telescopes. Saturn's largest moon, Titan, was discovered in 1655 by Christiaan Huygens using a  objective lens on a refracting telescope of his own design. Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Iapetus (the "Sidera Lodoicea") were discovered between 1671 and 1684 by Giovanni Domenico Cassini. Mimas and Enceladus were discovered in 1789 by William Herschel. Hyperion was discovered in 1848 by W.C. Bond, G.P. Bond and William Lassell.

text: Before the advent of

text: telescopic photography

text: , eight moons of Saturn were discovered by direct observation using

text: optical telescope

text: s. Saturn's largest moon,

text: Titan

text: , was discovered in 1655 by

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: using a

text: objective lens

text: on a

text: refracting telescope

text: of his own design.

text: Tethys

text: Dione

text: Rhea

text: and

text: Iapetus

text: (the "

text: Sidera Lodoicea

text: ") were discovered between 1671 and 1684 by

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: Mimas

text: and

text: Enceladus

text: were discovered in 1789 by

text: William Herschel

text: Hyperion

text: was discovered in 1848 by

text: W.C. Bond

text: G.P. Bond

text: and

text: William Lassell

text: In October 2009, the discovery of a tenuous disk of material just interior to the orbit of Phoebe was reported. The disk was aligned edge-on to Earth at the time of discovery. This disk can be loosely described as another ring. Although very large (the apparent size of two full moons as seen from Earth), the ring is virtually invisible. It was discovered using NASA's infrared Spitzer Space Telescope, and was seen over the entire range of the observations, which extended from 128 to 207 times the radius of Saturn, with calculations indicating that it may extend outward up to 300 Saturn radii and inward to the orbit of Iapetus at 59 Saturn radii.  The ring was subsequently studied using the WISE, Herschel and Cassini spacecraft; WISE observations show that it extends from at least between 50 and 100 to 270 Saturn radii (the inner edge is lost in the planet's glare). Data obtained with WISE indicate the ring particles are small; those with radii of greater than 10 cm comprise 10% or less of the cross-sectional area.

text: In October 2009, the discovery of a tenuous disk of material just interior to the orbit of

text: Phoebe

text: was reported. The disk was aligned edge-on to Earth at the time of discovery. This disk can be loosely described as another ring. Although very large (the apparent size of two full moons as seen from Earth), the ring is virtually invisible. It was discovered using

text: NASA

text: 's

text: infrared

text: Spitzer Space Telescope

text: , and was seen over the entire range of the observations, which extended from 128 to 207 times the radius of Saturn, with calculations indicating that it may extend outward up to 300 Saturn radii and inward to the orbit of Iapetus at 59 Saturn radii.  The ring was subsequently studied using the

text: WISE

text: Herschel

text: and Cassini spacecraft; WISE observations show that it extends from at least between 50 and 100 to 270 Saturn radii (the inner edge is lost in the planet's glare). Data obtained with WISE indicate the ring particles are small; those with radii of greater than 10 cm comprise 10% or less of the cross-sectional area.

text: The rocket depicted leaving the launch pad is a Saturn I in some shots and a Saturn V in other shots. The correct rocket was in fact a Saturn V.

text: The rocket depicted leaving the launch pad is a

text: Saturn I

text: in some shots and a

text: Saturn V

text: in other shots. The correct rocket was in fact a

text: Saturn V

text: In 2010, they toured North America in support of Between the Buried and Me, and recorded their third album, The Collective, which they released the following year. Also in 2011, the band toured with Periphery and Fair to Midland, The Human Abstract, Cynic, 3, Protest the Hero, Last Chance to Reason, Volumes, Structures, Rings of Saturn, and The Contortionist.

text: In 2010, they toured North America in support of

text: Between the Buried and Me

text: , and recorded their third album,

text: The Collective

text: , which they released the following year. Also in 2011, the band toured with

text: Periphery

text: and

text: Fair to Midland

text: The Human Abstract

text: Cynic

text: Protest the Hero

text: Last Chance to Reason

text: , Volumes, Structures,

text: Rings of Saturn

text: , and

text: The Contortionist

text: Ijiraq, a moon of Saturn, was named by astronomer John J. Kavelaars after encountering the term in one of Kusugak's books.

text: Ijiraq

text: , a moon of

text: Saturn

text: , was named by astronomer

text: John J. Kavelaars

text: after encountering the term in one of Kusugak's books.

text: Rhea is the second-largest moon of Saturn.

text: Rhea

text: is the second-largest moon of Saturn.

text: Galileo Galilei was the first to discover physical details about the individual bodies of the Solar System. He discovered that the Moon was cratered, that the Sun was marked with sunspots, and that Jupiter had four satellites in orbit around it. Christiaan Huygens followed on from Galileo's discoveries by discovering Saturn's moon Titan and the shape of the rings of Saturn. Giovanni Domenico Cassini later discovered four more moons of Saturn, the Cassini division in Saturn's rings.

text: Galileo Galilei

text: was the first to discover physical details about the individual bodies of the Solar System. He discovered that the

text: Moon

text: was cratered, that the Sun was marked with sunspots, and that Jupiter had four satellites in orbit around it.

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: followed on from Galileo's discoveries by discovering Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: and the shape of the

text: rings of Saturn

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: later discovered four more

text: moons of Saturn

text: , the

text: Cassini division

text: in Saturn's rings.

text: Challis was referee for Thomson and for Stokes in their respective applications for chairs at the University of Glasgow, and for Maxwell at Aberdeen. He and Thomson together set and examined the Adams prize topic on Saturn's rings, won by Maxwell in 1857.

text: Challis was referee for Thomson and for Stokes in their respective applications for chairs at the

text: University of Glasgow

text: , and for Maxwell at

text: Aberdeen

text: . He and Thomson together set and examined the

text: Adams prize

text: topic on

text: Saturn's rings

text: , won by Maxwell in 1857.

text: Saturn's last vehicles were the Saturn Astra, Saturn Aura, Saturn VUE, and Saturn Outlook. GM continued to market the leftover 2009 model year vehicles as 2010 model year vehicles for rental car fleets. Sales of all Saturn vehicles ended in late 2009, however.

text: Saturn's last vehicles were the

text: Saturn Astra

text: Saturn Aura

text: Saturn VUE

text: , and

text: Saturn Outlook

text: . GM continued to market the leftover 2009

text: model year

text: vehicles as 2010 model year vehicles for

text: rental car

text: fleet

text: s. Sales of all Saturn vehicles ended in late 2009, however.

text: Some satellite systems have been known to have gas interactions between objects. Notable examples include the Jupiter, Saturn and Pluto systems. The Io plasma torus is a transfer of oxygen and sulfur from the tenuous atmosphere of Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io and other objects including Jupiter and Europa.  A torus of oxygen and hydrogen produced by Saturn's moon, Enceladus forms part of the E ring around Saturn.  Nitrogen gas transfer between Pluto and Charon has also been modelled and is expected to be observable by the New Horizons space probe. Similar tori produced by Saturn's moon Titan (nitrogen) and Neptune's moon Triton (hydrogen) is predicted.

text: Some satellite systems have been known to have gas interactions between objects. Notable examples include the Jupiter, Saturn and Pluto systems. The

text: Io plasma torus

text: is a transfer of oxygen and sulfur from the tenuous atmosphere of

text: Jupiter's

text: volcanic moon,

text: Io

text: and other objects including Jupiter and Europa.  A torus of oxygen and hydrogen produced by

text: Saturn's

text: moon,

text: Enceladus

text: forms part of the E ring around Saturn.  Nitrogen gas transfer between Pluto and Charon has also been modelled and is expected to be observable by the

text: New Horizons

text: space probe. Similar tori produced by Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: (nitrogen) and Neptune's moon

text: Triton

text: (hydrogen) is predicted.

text: Although the boundaries may be somewhat vague, Saturn's moons can be divided into ten groups according to their orbital characteristics. Many of them, such as Pan and Daphnis, orbit within Saturn's ring system and have orbital periods only slightly longer than the planet's rotation period. The innermost moons and most regular satellites all have mean orbital inclinations ranging from less than a degree to about 1.5 degrees (except Iapetus, which has an inclination of 7.57 degrees) and small orbital eccentricities. On the other hand, irregular satellites in the outermost regions of Saturn's moon system, in particular the Norse group, have orbital radii of millions of kilometers and orbital periods lasting several years. The moons of the Norse group also orbit in the opposite direction to Saturn's rotation.

text: Although the boundaries may be somewhat vague, Saturn's moons can be divided into ten groups according to their orbital characteristics. Many of them, such as

text: Pan

text: and

text: Daphnis

text: , orbit within Saturn's ring system and have orbital periods only slightly longer than the planet's rotation period. The innermost moons and most regular satellites all have mean

text: orbital inclination

text: s ranging from less than a degree to about 1.5 degrees (except

text: Iapetus

text: , which has an inclination of 7.57 degrees) and small

text: orbital eccentricities

text: . On the other hand, irregular satellites in the outermost regions of Saturn's moon system, in particular the

text: Norse group

text: , have orbital radii of millions of kilometers and orbital periods lasting several years. The moons of the Norse group also orbit in the opposite direction to Saturn's rotation.

text: In 2013, Cassini data confirmed a 1993 prediction by Porco and Mark Marley that acoustic oscillations within the body of Saturn are responsible for creating particular features in the rings of Saturn. This confirmation, the first to demonstrate that planetary rings can act like a seismograph in recording oscillatory motions within the host planet, should provide new constraints on the interior structure of Saturn. Such oscillations are known to exist in the sun as well as other stars.

text: Saturn's rings would not be prominent from most of the moons. This is because the rings, though wide, are not very thick, and most of the moons orbit almost exactly (within 1.5°) in the planet's ring plane. Thus, the rings are edge-on and practically invisible from the inner moons. From the outer moons, starting with Iapetus, a more oblique view of the rings would be available, although the greater distance would make Saturn appear smaller in the sky; from Phoebe, the largest of Saturn's outermost moons, Saturn would appear only as big as the full Moon does from Earth. The play of distance and angle is quite sensitive to the values used, but calculations show the best view of the rings would be achieved from the inner moon Mimas, which lies a full 1.5° off Saturn's equatorial plane and is fairly near the rings. At their widest opening, when Mimas is at its maximum distance from Saturn's equatorial plane, the edges of the rings (from B to A) would be separated by 2.7 degrees. The co-orbitals Epimetheus and Janus would also get a good view, with maximum opening angles ranging between 1.5 and 2.9°. Tethys gets the next best view, with nearly half a degree. Iapetus achieves 0.20°, which is more than any of the outer moons can claim.

text: Saturn's rings would not be prominent from most of the moons. This is because the rings, though wide, are not very thick, and most of the moons orbit almost exactly (within 1.5°) in the planet's ring plane. Thus, the rings are edge-on and practically invisible from the inner moons. From the outer moons, starting with

text: Iapetus

text: , a more oblique view of the rings would be available, although the greater distance would make Saturn appear smaller in the sky; from

text: Phoebe

text: , the largest of Saturn's outermost moons, Saturn would appear only as big as the full Moon does from Earth. The play of distance and angle is quite sensitive to the values used, but calculations show the best view of the rings would be achieved from the inner moon

text: Mimas

text: , which lies a full 1.5° off Saturn's equatorial plane and is fairly near the rings. At their widest opening, when Mimas is at its maximum distance from Saturn's equatorial plane, the edges of the rings (from B to A) would be separated by 2.7 degrees. The co-orbitals

text: Epimetheus

text: and

text: Janus

text: would also get a good view, with maximum opening angles ranging between 1.5 and 2.9°.

text: Tethys

text: gets the next best view, with nearly half a degree. Iapetus achieves 0.20°, which is more than any of the outer moons can claim.

text: Saturn has 62 known moons, 53 of which have formal names. In addition, there is evidence of dozens to hundreds of moonlets with diameters of 40–500 meters in Saturn's rings, which are not considered to be true moons. Titan, the largest moon, comprises more than 90% of the mass in orbit around Saturn, including the rings. Saturn's second-largest moon, Rhea, may have a tenuous ring system of its own, along with a tenuous atmosphere.

text: Saturn has 62 known

text: moons

text: , 53 of which have formal names. In addition, there is evidence of dozens to hundreds of moonlets with diameters of 40–500 meters in Saturn's rings, which are not considered to be true moons.

text: Titan

text: , the largest moon, comprises more than 90% of the mass in orbit around Saturn, including the rings. Saturn's second-largest moon,

text: Rhea

text: , may have a tenuous

text: ring system of its own

text: , along with a tenuous

text: atmosphere

text: Although reflection from the rings increases Saturn's brightness, they are not visible from Earth with unaided vision. In 1610, the year after Galileo Galilei first turned a telescope to the sky, he became the first person to observe Saturn's rings, though he could not see them well enough to discern their true nature. In 1655, Christiaan Huygens was the first person to describe them as a disk surrounding Saturn. Although many people think of Saturn's rings as being made up of a series of tiny ringlets (a concept that goes back to Laplace), true gaps are few. It is more correct to think of the rings as an annular disk with concentric local maxima and minima in density and brightness. On the scale of the clumps within the rings there is much empty space.

text: Although reflection from the rings increases Saturn's

text: brightness

text: , they are not visible from Earth with

text: unaided vision

text: . In 1610, the year after

text: Galileo Galilei

text: first turned a

text: telescope

text: to the sky, he became the first person to observe Saturn's rings, though he could not see them well enough to discern their true nature. In 1655,

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: was the first person to describe them as a disk surrounding Saturn. Although many people think of Saturn's rings as being made up of a series of tiny ringlets (a concept that goes back to

text: Laplace

text: ), true gaps are few. It is more correct to think of the rings as an

text: annular disk

text: with

text: concentric

text: local

text: maxima and minima

text: in density and brightness. On the scale of the clumps within the rings there is much empty space.

text: Saturn is a gas giant because it is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium ('gas'). It lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core. Saturn's rotation causes it to have the shape of an oblate spheroid; that is, it is flattened at the poles and bulges at its equator. Its equatorial and polar radii differ by almost 10%: 60,268 km versus 54,364 km, respectively. Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, the other giant planets in the Solar System, are also oblate but to a lesser extent. Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30% less. Although Saturn's core is considerably denser than water, the average specific density of the planet is 0.69 g/cm due to the atmosphere. Jupiter has 318 times the Earth's mass, while Saturn is 95 times the mass of the Earth. Together, Jupiter and Saturn hold 92% of the total planetary mass in the Solar System.

text: Saturn is a

text: gas giant

text: because it is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium ('gas'). It lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core. Saturn's rotation causes it to have the shape of an

text: oblate spheroid

text: ; that is, it is flattened at the poles and bulges at its equator. Its equatorial and polar radii differ by almost 10%: 60,268 km versus 54,364 km, respectively. Jupiter,

text: Uranus

text: , and

text: Neptune

text: , the other giant planets in the Solar System, are also oblate but to a lesser extent. Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30% less. Although Saturn's

text: core

text: is considerably denser than water, the average

text: specific density

text: of the planet is 0.69 g/cm due to the atmosphere. Jupiter has 318 times the Earth's mass, while Saturn is 95 times the mass of the

text: Earth

text: . Together, Jupiter and Saturn hold 92% of the total planetary mass in the Solar System.

text: Rocketdyne launched the development of the J-2 with an analytical computer model that simulated engine operations and aided in establishing design configurations. The model was supported by a full-sized mockup which was used throughout development to judge the positioning of the engine’s components. The first experimental component, the engine’s injector, was produced within two months of the contract being awarded, and testing of the engine’s components began at Rocketdyne’s Santa Susana Field Laboratory in November 1960. Other test facilities, including a vacuum chamber and full-size engine test stand, were used during the development, with the engine’s turbopumps entering testing in November 1961, the ignition system in early 1962, and the first prototype engine running a complete 250-second test run in October 1962. In addition to flight hardware, five engine simulators were also used during the development process, assisting in the design of the engine’s electrical and mechanical systems. Contracts were signed between NASA and Rocketdyne in the summer of 1962, requiring 55 J-2 engines to be produced to support the final designs for the Saturn rockets, which required 5 engines for each S-II second stage of the Saturn V and 1 engine for each S-IVB Saturn IB and Saturn V stage.

text: Rocketdyne launched the development of the J-2 with an analytical computer model that simulated engine operations and aided in establishing design configurations. The model was supported by a full-sized mockup which was used throughout development to judge the positioning of the engine’s components. The first experimental component, the engine’s

text: injector

text: , was produced within two months of the contract being awarded, and testing of the engine’s components began at Rocketdyne’s

text: Santa Susana Field Laboratory

text: in November 1960. Other test facilities, including a vacuum chamber and full-size engine test stand, were used during the development, with the engine’s

text: turbopump

text: s entering testing in November 1961, the ignition system in early 1962, and the first prototype engine running a complete 250-second test run in October 1962. In addition to flight hardware, five engine simulators were also used during the development process, assisting in the design of the engine’s electrical and mechanical systems. Contracts were signed between NASA and Rocketdyne in the summer of 1962, requiring 55 J-2 engines to be produced to support the final designs for the

text: Saturn rockets

text: , which required 5 engines for each

text: S-II

text: second stage of the

text: Saturn V

text: and 1 engine for each

text: S-IVB

text: Saturn IB

text: and Saturn V stage.

text: Sanyasa yoga arises when four or more strong planets combine in one house or sign, the nature or kind of Sanyasa adopted depends upon the strongest planet in that particular group of planets. If the Sun be the strongest planet the person of high morals and intallectual prowess will choose severe and difficult practices in remote places; if it be the Moon, then in seclusion more in the study of scriptures; if it be Mercury, one who is easily influenced by philosophy of others; if it be Mars, one who chooses to wear red-coloured clothes and who struggles to control his temper; if it be Jupiter, one who has complete control over his senses and sense - organs; if it be Venus, a wandering mendicant, and if the strongest planet be Saturn it makes one adopt exceedingly severe practices. The involvement of the lord of the 10th house in this conjunction of four or more planets is the stronger indicator of Sanyasa. If those four or more planets happen to conjoin in a kendra or in a trikona, then the person attains Moksha but if they conjoin in the 8th house there will be Yogabhrashta i.e. there will be break in yoga-operation, and fall from the final state of emancipation. If strongest of the conjoining planets is combust then there will be no sanyasa and if it is defeated in planetary warfare one returns to worldly life after taking sanyasa. Sanyasa is also indicated when the Moon in a drekkena of Saturn is aspected by Mars and Saturn or is in a navamsa of Mars aspected by Saturn. A person takes to sanyasa if the dispositor of the Moon is aspected by Saturn and not by any other planet or if aspected by all planets occupying a single house or sign or if Jupiter is in the 9th house and Saturn aspects the lagna (Ascendant), the Moon and Jupiter, such a person will write on Sastras and found a school of philosophy, and in case Saturn not aspected by any planet is in the 9th house then one born a king will take to sanyasa.

text: Sanyasa yoga arises when four or more strong planets combine in one house or sign, the nature or kind of Sanyasa adopted depends upon the strongest planet in that particular group of planets. If the

text: Sun

text: be the strongest planet the person of high morals and intallectual prowess will choose severe and difficult practices in remote places; if it be the

text: Moon

text: , then in seclusion more in the study of scriptures; if it be

text: Mercury

text: , one who is easily influenced by philosophy of others; if it be

text: Mars

text: , one who chooses to wear red-coloured clothes and who struggles to control his temper; if it be

text: Jupiter

text: , one who has complete control over his senses and sense - organs; if it be

text: Venus

text: , a wandering mendicant, and if the strongest planet be

text: Saturn

text: it makes one adopt exceedingly severe practices. The involvement of the lord of the 10th house in this conjunction of four or more planets is the stronger indicator of Sanyasa. If those four or more planets happen to conjoin in a kendra or in a trikona, then the person attains

text: Moksha

text: but if they conjoin in the 8th house there will be Yogabhrashta i.e. there will be break in yoga-operation, and fall from the final state of emancipation. If strongest of the conjoining planets is combust then there will be no sanyasa and if it is defeated in planetary warfare one returns to worldly life after taking sanyasa. Sanyasa is also indicated when the Moon in a drekkena of Saturn is aspected by Mars and Saturn or is in a

text: navamsa

text: of Mars aspected by Saturn. A person takes to sanyasa if the dispositor of the Moon is aspected by Saturn and not by any other planet or if aspected by all planets occupying a single house or sign or if Jupiter is in the 9th house and Saturn aspects the lagna (Ascendant), the Moon and Jupiter, such a person will write on Sastras and found a school of philosophy, and in case Saturn not aspected by any planet is in the 9th house then one born a king will take to sanyasa.

text: For further launches of Saturn-1 series vehicles, see the Saturn IB page.

text: For further launches of Saturn-1 series vehicles, see the

text: Saturn IB

text: page.

text: The use of long-exposure photographic plates made possible the discovery of additional moons. The first to be discovered in this manner, Phoebe, was found in 1899 by W.H. Pickering. In 1966 the tenth satellite of Saturn was discovered by Audouin Dollfus, when the rings were observed edge-on near an equinox. It was later named Janus. A few years later it was realized that all observations of 1966 could only be explained if another satellite had been present and that it had an orbit similar to that of Janus. This object is now known as Epimetheus, the eleventh moon of Saturn. It shares the same orbit with Janus—the only known example of co-orbitals in the Solar System. In 1980 three additional Saturnian moons were discovered from the ground and later confirmed by the Voyager probes. They are trojan moons of Dione (Helene) and Tethys (Telesto and Calypso).

text: The use of

text: long-exposure

text: photographic plates made possible the discovery of additional moons. The first to be discovered in this manner,

text: Phoebe

text: , was found in 1899 by

text: W.H. Pickering

text: . In 1966 the tenth satellite of Saturn was discovered by

text: Audouin Dollfus

text: , when the rings were observed edge-on near an

text: equinox

text: . It was later named

text: Janus

text: . A few years later it was realized that all observations of 1966 could only be explained if another satellite had been present and that it had an orbit similar to that of Janus. This object is now known as

text: Epimetheus

text: , the eleventh moon of Saturn. It shares the same orbit with Janus—the only known example of

text: co-orbitals

text: in the Solar System. In 1980 three additional Saturnian moons were discovered from the ground and later confirmed by the

text: Voyager

text: probes. They are

text: trojan moon

text: s of Dione (

text: Helene

text: ) and Tethys (

text: Telesto

text: and

text: Calypso

text: At this distance, the sun covers only about 3 arcminutes in the sky of Saturn. In comparison, the seven major moons of Saturn have angular diameters of 5–10' (Mimas), 5–9' (Enceladus), 10–15' (Tethys), 10–12' (Dione), 8–11' (Rhea), 14–15' (Titan), and 1–2' (Iapetus). Iapetus is Saturn's third largest moon, but is too far away to completely eclipse the sun. Janus, a very close moon to Saturn, has an angular diameter of about 7', meaning that it can fully cover the sun.

text: At this distance, the sun covers only about 3

text: arcminutes

text: in the sky of Saturn. In comparison, the seven major moons of Saturn have angular diameters of 5–10' (Mimas), 5–9' (Enceladus), 10–15' (Tethys), 10–12' (Dione), 8–11' (Rhea), 14–15' (Titan), and 1–2' (Iapetus). Iapetus is Saturn's third largest moon, but is too far away to completely eclipse the sun. Janus, a very close moon to Saturn, has an angular diameter of about 7', meaning that it can fully cover the sun.

text: Ring systems are collections of dust, moonlets, or other small objects. The most notable examples are those around Saturn, but the other three gas giants (Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune) also have ring systems.  The Saturnian moon Rhea may have a tenuous ring system consisting of three narrow, relatively dense bands within a particulate disk, the first predicted around a moon.Most rings were thought to be unstable and to dissipate over the course of tens or hundreds of millions of years, but it now appears that Saturn's rings might be quite old, dating to the early days of the Solar System. centaur 10199 Chariklo, with a diameter of about , is the smallest object with rings ever discovered consisting of two narrow and dense bands, 6–7 km (4 mi) and 2–4 km (2 mi) wide, separated by a gap of . Extrasolar planet J1407b has been referred to as a "Saturn on steroids" or “Super Saturn” due to its massive system of circumplanetary rings with a radius of approximately 90 million km (0.6 AU).

text: Ring systems are collections of

text: dust

text: moonlet

text: s, or other small objects. The most notable examples are

text: those around Saturn

text: , but the other three

text: gas giant

text: s (

text: Jupiter

text: Uranus

text: and

text: Neptune

text: ) also have ring systems.  The

text: Saturn

text: ian moon

text: Rhea

text: may have a tenuous

text: ring system

text: consisting of three narrow, relatively dense bands within a particulate disk, the first predicted around a

text: moon

text: .Most rings were thought to be unstable and to dissipate over the course of tens or hundreds of millions of years, but it now appears that Saturn's rings might be quite old, dating to the early days of the Solar System.

text: centaur

text: 10199 Chariklo

text: , with a diameter of about , is the smallest object with rings ever discovered consisting of two narrow and dense bands, 6–7 km (4 mi) and 2–4 km (2 mi) wide, separated by a gap of . Extrasolar planet

text: has been referred to as a "

text: Saturn

text: on steroids" or “

text: Super Saturn

text: ” due to its massive system of circumplanetary rings with a radius of approximately 90 million km (0.6

text: AU

text: The dynamics of Saturn's magnetosphere are very different from Earth's.  Plasma co-rotates with Saturn in its magnetosphere.  Saturn's strong magnetic field and rapid rotation create a strong co-rotational electric field that accelerates plasma in its magnetosphere until it reaches rotation speeds near that of the planet.  Because Saturn's moons are essentially 'sitting still' in this very high speed flow, a complex interaction between this plasma and the atmosphere of the moon Titan was observed.

text: Mimas is a moon of Saturn which was discovered in 1789 by William Herschel. It is named after Mimas, a son of Gaia in Greek mythology, and is also designated Saturn I.

text: Mimas is a

text: moon of Saturn

text: which was discovered in 1789 by

text: William Herschel

text: . It is named after

text: Mimas

text: , a son of

text: Gaia

text: in

text: Greek mythology

text: , and is also designated Saturn I.

text: Cover blurb of novel: "GALLOPING GALAXIES! is the funniest thing this side of the moons of Saturn and will boldly make you laugh where you have never laughed before!"

text: Cover blurb of novel: "GALLOPING GALAXIES! is the funniest thing this side of the

text: moons of Saturn

text: and will boldly make you laugh where you have never laughed before!"

text: The abundant population of solid bodies orbiting Saturn including moons as well as ring particles exerts a strong influence on the magnetosphere of Saturn. The plasma in the magnetosphere co-rotates with the planet, continuously impinging on the trailing hemispheres of slowly moving moons. While ring particles and the majority of moons only passively absorb plasma and energetic charged particles, three moons – Enceladus, Dione and Titan – are significant sources of new plasma. The absorption of energetic electrons and ions reveals itself by noticeable gaps in the radiation belts of Saturn near the moon's orbits, while the dense rings of Saturn completely eliminate all energetic electrons and ions closer than 2.2 R, creating a low radiation zone in the vicinity of the planet. The absorption of the co-rotating plasma by a moon disturbs the magnetic field in its empty wake—the field is pulled towards a moon, creating a region of a stronger magnetic field in the near wake.

text: The abundant population of solid bodies orbiting Saturn including moons as well as ring particles exerts a strong influence on the magnetosphere of Saturn. The plasma in the magnetosphere co-rotates with the planet, continuously impinging on the trailing hemispheres of slowly moving moons. While ring particles and the majority of moons only passively absorb plasma and energetic charged particles, three moons – Enceladus, Dione and Titan – are significant sources of new plasma. The absorption of energetic electrons and ions reveals itself by noticeable gaps in the radiation belts of Saturn near the moon's orbits, while the dense rings of Saturn completely eliminate all energetic electrons and ions closer than 2.2 R, creating a low radiation zone in the vicinity of the planet. The absorption of the co-rotating plasma by a moon disturbs the magnetic field in its empty

text: wake

text: —the field is pulled towards a moon, creating a region of a stronger magnetic field in the near wake.

text: This is a list of named geological features on Hyperion, a moon of Saturn.

text: This is a list of named geological features on

text: Hyperion

text: , a

text: moon

text: of

text: Saturn

text: The Saturn C-3 was the primary launch vehicle for Earth Orbit Rendezvous. The booster consisted of a first stage containing two Saturn V F-1 engines, a second stage containing four powerful J-2 engines, and the S-IV stage from a Saturn I booster. Only the S-IV stage of the  Saturn C-3 was developed and flown, but all of the specified engines were used on the Saturn V rocket which took men to the moon.

text: The Saturn C-3 was the primary launch vehicle for Earth Orbit Rendezvous. The booster consisted of a first stage containing two Saturn V

text: engines, a second stage containing four powerful

text: engines, and the S-IV stage from a

text: Saturn I

text: booster. Only the S-IV stage of the  Saturn C-3 was developed and flown, but all of the specified engines were used on the

text: Saturn V

text: rocket which took men to the moon.

text: Saturn's Return was commissioned by Sydney Theatre Company co-artistic directors Andrew Upton and Cate Blanchett for STC's Wharf 2 season 2008. In 2009 it transferred to the STC main stage. Saturn's Return is published by Currency Press.

text: Saturn's Return

text: was commissioned by

text: Sydney Theatre Company

text: co-artistic directors

text: Andrew Upton

text: and

text: Cate Blanchett

text: for STC's Wharf 2 season 2008. In 2009 it transferred to the STC main stage. Saturn's Return is published by

text: Currency Press

text: Saturn's moon, Mimas, is named for the Giant.

text: Saturn's moon,

text: Mimas

text: , is named for the Giant.

text: Pan ( , ) is the second-innermost moon of Saturn. It is a walnut-shaped small moon about 35 kilometres across and 23 km high that orbits within the Encke Gap in Saturn's A Ring. Pan is a ring shepherd and is responsible for keeping the Encke Gap free of ring particles.

text: Pan ( , ) is the second-innermost moon of

text: Saturn

text: . It is a

text: walnut

text: -shaped small moon about 35 kilometres across and 23 km high that orbits within the

text: Encke Gap

text: in Saturn's

text: A Ring

text: . Pan is a

text: ring shepherd

text: and is responsible for keeping the Encke Gap free of ring particles.

text: Nineteen moons are known to be massive enough to have relaxed into a rounded shape under their own gravity, and seven of them are more massive than either Eris or Pluto. They are not physically distinct from the dwarf planets, but are not dwarf planets because they do not directly orbit the Sun. The seven that are more massive than Eris are the Moon, the four Galilean moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), one moon of Saturn (Titan), and one moon of Neptune (Triton). The others are six moons of Saturn (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Iapetus), five moons of Uranus (Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon), and one moon of Pluto (Charon). There are additional possibilities among TNOs, including Dysnomia orbiting Eris. Alan Stern calls these moons "satellite planets", one of three categories of planet together with dwarf planets and classical planets. The term planemo ("planetary-mass object") covers all three.

text: Nineteen

text: moons

text: are known to be massive enough to have relaxed into a rounded shape under their own gravity, and seven of them are more massive than either Eris or Pluto. They are not physically distinct from the dwarf planets, but are not dwarf planets because they do not directly orbit the Sun. The seven that are more massive than Eris are the

text: Moon

text: , the four

text: Galilean moons

text: of Jupiter (

text: Io

text: Europa

text: Ganymede

text: , and

text: Callisto

text: ), one moon of Saturn (

text: Titan

text: ), and one moon of Neptune (

text: Triton

text: ). The others are six moons of Saturn (

text: Mimas

text: Enceladus

text: Tethys

text: Dione

text: Rhea

text: , and

text: Iapetus

text: ), five moons of Uranus (

text: Miranda

text: Ariel

text: Umbriel

text: Titania

text: , and

text: Oberon

text: ), and one moon of Pluto (

text: Charon

text: ). There are additional possibilities among TNOs, including

text: Dysnomia

text: orbiting Eris. Alan Stern calls these moons "satellite planets", one of three categories of planet together with dwarf planets and classical planets. The term

text: planemo

text: ("planetary-mass object") covers all three.

text: She was distinguished "for her scientific leadership of the international NASA-ESA-ASI Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn and its moons". As Principal Investigator of the operation, data collection and analysis of observations from the magnetic field instrument on board the Cassini spacecraft, she strongly contributed to improve our understanding of Saturn and its moons. Her work has led to the discovery of a dynamic atmosphere with water and hydrocarbons constituents at Saturn's moon Enceladus. Such results had a strong impact on our view of planetary systems, opening up new possibilities for spacecraft missions to Saturn's moons in search for life.

text: She was distinguished "for her scientific leadership of the international NASA-ESA-ASI

text: Cassini-Huygens mission

text: to Saturn and its moons". As Principal Investigator of the operation, data collection and analysis of observations from the magnetic field instrument on board the Cassini spacecraft, she strongly contributed to improve our understanding of Saturn and its moons. Her work has led to the discovery of a dynamic atmosphere with water and hydrocarbons constituents at Saturn's moon

text: Enceladus

text: . Such results had a strong impact on our view of planetary systems, opening up new possibilities for spacecraft missions to Saturn's moons in search for life.

text: Few Sonic games were released for the Sega Saturn, and none were a standard platform game originally made for the system. Sonic 3D Blast was released in 1996 alongside the Genesis version. Like its Genesis counterpart, the Saturn edition used isometric, 2.5D graphics, but it added FMV cut-scenes, enhanced music and visual effects, and a real-time 3D special stage. Sonic Jam, a compilation released for the Saturn in 1997, contained the original Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, Sonic the Hedgehog 3, and Sonic & Knuckles, as well as a "Sonic World" mode, which allowed the player to control Sonic in a small 3D world. The Sonic World was mainly a means of accessing the disc's multimedia features, which included character artwork, the soundtrack, and Japanese Sonic videos. Sonic R, a foot racing spin-off and also the Sonic series' first fully 3D game, was released in 1997 for the Saturn and ported to the PC in 1998.

text: Few Sonic games were released for the

text: Sega Saturn

text: , and none were a standard platform game originally made for the system.

text: Sonic 3D Blast

text: was released in 1996 alongside the Genesis version. Like its Genesis counterpart, the Saturn edition used

text: isometric

text: graphics, but it added

text: FMV cut-scenes

text: , enhanced music and visual effects, and a real-time 3D special stage.

text: Sonic Jam

text: , a compilation released for the Saturn in 1997, contained the original Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, Sonic the Hedgehog 3, and Sonic & Knuckles, as well as a "Sonic World" mode, which allowed the player to control Sonic in a small 3D world. The Sonic World was mainly a means of accessing the disc's multimedia features, which included character artwork, the soundtrack, and Japanese Sonic videos.

text: Sonic R

text: , a foot racing spin-off and also the Sonic series' first fully 3D game, was released in 1997 for the Saturn and ported to the PC in 1998.

text: The Hyperion Nunataks () are a group of about 10 nunataks lying south of Saturn Glacier and  west of the Corner Cliffs, in the southeastern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The group was first seen and photographed from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and mapped from these photos by W.L.G. Joerg. It was surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, and so named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in association with nearby Saturn Glacier, Hyperion being one of the satellites of the planet Saturn.

text: The Hyperion Nunataks () are a group of about 10

text: nunatak

text: s lying south of

text: Saturn Glacier

text: and  west of the

text: Corner Cliffs

text: , in the southeastern part of

text: Alexander Island

text: Antarctica

text: . The group was first seen and photographed from the air by

text: Lincoln Ellsworth

text: on November 23, 1935, and mapped from these photos by

text: W.L.G. Joerg

text: . It was surveyed in 1949 by the

text: Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey

text: , and so named by the

text: United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee

text: in association with nearby Saturn Glacier,

text: Hyperion

text: being one of the

text: satellites

text: of the planet

text: Saturn

text: Saturn's first compact crossover SUV was introduced for the 2002 model year as the Vue, based on a globally used GM design. For 2003, Saturn introduced the Ion as a replacement to the S-Series. For 2005, Saturn began selling the Relay, a minivan and the first Saturn based on similar models from other GM brands. That same year, the L-Series was discontinued. The Sky roadster was introduced in 2006 as a 2007 model. Also for 2007, the Aura midsize sedan made its way to dealerships, alongside the Outlook, a larger CUV than the Vue, and was the last year the Ion was produced. The Ion was replaced by the European-built Astra in 2008. During the 2008 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS), Saturn revealed its Flextreme concept vehicle, which was a rebadged Opel Flextreme.

text: Saturn's first compact

text: crossover

text: SUV

text: was introduced for the 2002

text: model year

text: as the

text: Vue

text: , based on a globally used GM design. For 2003, Saturn introduced the

text: Ion

text: as a replacement to the S-Series. For 2005, Saturn began selling the

text: Relay

text: , a

text: minivan

text: and the first Saturn based on similar models from other GM brands. That same year, the L-Series was discontinued. The

text: Sky

text: roadster

text: was introduced in 2006 as a 2007 model. Also for 2007, the

text: Aura

text: midsize

text: sedan made its way to dealerships, alongside the

text: Outlook

text: , a larger

text: CUV

text: than the Vue, and was the last year the Ion was produced. The Ion was replaced by the European-built

text: Astra

text: in 2008. During the 2008

text: North American International Auto Show

text: (NAIAS), Saturn revealed its Flextreme concept vehicle, which was a rebadged

text: Opel Flextreme

text: Other astronomical bodies are also known to have polar vortices, including Venus (double vortex—that is, two polar vortices at a pole), Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's moon Titan.

text: Other astronomical bodies are also known to have polar vortices, including

text: Venus

text: (double vortex—that is, two polar vortices at a pole),

text: Mars

text: Jupiter

text: Saturn

text: , and Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: In The Rings of Saturn the author W. G. Sebald describes travelling by rail from Norwich and crossing the line to walk to the Hall. Actually, he would not have needed to cross the line from that direction.

text: In

text: The Rings of Saturn

text: the author

text: W. G. Sebald

text: describes travelling by rail from

text: Norwich

text: and crossing the line to walk to the Hall. Actually, he would not have needed to cross the line from that direction.

text: In 1859, James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that the rings could not be solid or they would become unstable and break apart. He proposed that the rings must be composed of numerous small particles, all independently orbiting Saturn. Later, Sofia Kovalevskaya found that Saturn's rings cannot be liquid ring-shaped bodies. Maxwell's proposal was proven to be correct in 1895 through spectroscopic studies of the rings carried out by James Keeler of Allegheny Observatory and Aristarkh Belopolsky of Pulkovo Observatory.

text: In 1859,

text: James Clerk Maxwell

text: demonstrated that the rings could not be solid or they would become unstable and break apart. He proposed that the rings must be composed of numerous small particles, all independently orbiting Saturn. Later,

text: Sofia Kovalevskaya

text: found that Saturn's rings cannot be liquid ring-shaped bodies. Maxwell's proposal was proven to be correct in 1895 through spectroscopic studies of the rings carried out by

text: James Keeler

text: of

text: Allegheny Observatory

text: and

text: Aristarkh Belopolsky

text: of

text: Pulkovo Observatory

text: For earlier launches of vehicles in the Saturn I series, see the list in the Saturn I article.

text: For earlier launches of vehicles in the Saturn I series, see the list in the

text: Saturn I

text: article.

text: The Saturn Nebula or NGC 7009 is a planetary nebula in the constellation Aquarius. It appears as a greenish-yellowish hue in a small amateur telescope. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 7, 1782, using a telescope of his own design in the garden at his home in Datchet, England, and was one of his earliest discoveries in his sky survey. The nebula was originally a low-mass star that ejected its layers into space, forming the nebula. The central star is now a bright white dwarf star of apparent magnitude 11.5. The Saturn Nebula gets its name from its superficial resemblance to the planet Saturn with its rings nearly edge-on to the observer.  It was so named by Lord Rosse in the 1840s, when telescopes had improved to the point that its Saturn-like shape could be discerned.  William Henry Smyth said that the Saturn Nebula is one of Struve's nine "Rare Celestial Objects."

text: The Saturn Nebula or NGC 7009 is a

text: planetary nebula

text: in the

text: constellation

text: Aquarius

text: . It appears as a greenish-yellowish hue in a small amateur

text: telescope

text: . It was discovered by

text: William Herschel

text: on September 7, 1782, using a telescope of his own design in the garden at his home in

text: Datchet

text: England

text: , and was one of his earliest discoveries in his sky survey. The nebula was originally a

text: low-mass star

text: that ejected its layers into space, forming the nebula. The central star is now a bright

text: white dwarf star

text: of

text: apparent magnitude

text: 11.5. The Saturn Nebula gets its name from its superficial resemblance to the

text: planet Saturn

text: with its rings nearly edge-on to the observer.  It was so named by

text: Lord Rosse

text: in the 1840s, when telescopes had improved to the point that its Saturn-like shape could be discerned.

text: William Henry Smyth

text: said that the Saturn Nebula is one of Struve's nine "Rare Celestial Objects."

text: This formula actually reflects the relation of the gravitational effects on the smaller body from the larger body and from the Sun. The tug-of-war figure for Saturn's moon Titan is 380, which means that Saturn's hold on Titan is 380 times as strong as the Sun's hold on Titan. Titan's tug-of-war value may be compared with that of Saturn's moon Phoebe, which has a tug-of-war value of just 3.5. So Saturn's hold on Phoebe is only 3.5 times as strong as the Sun's hold on Phoebe.

text: This formula actually reflects the relation of the

text: gravitation

text: al effects on the smaller body from the larger body and from the Sun. The tug-of-war figure for Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: is 380, which means that Saturn's hold on Titan is 380 times as strong as the Sun's hold on Titan. Titan's tug-of-war value may be compared with that of Saturn's moon

text: Phoebe

text: , which has a tug-of-war value of just 3.5. So Saturn's hold on Phoebe is only 3.5 times as strong as the Sun's hold on Phoebe.

text: Media Markt was founded by entrepreneurs Leopold Stiefel, Walter Gunz, Erich Kellerhals, and Helga Kellerhals. The first store opened on 24 November 1979 in Munich.Today it is owned by Media-Saturn Holding, which also owns the Saturn chain. Media Markt and Saturn operate in mostly the same markets but with different concepts, and as competitors.

text: Media Markt was founded by entrepreneurs Leopold Stiefel, Walter Gunz, Erich Kellerhals, and Helga Kellerhals. The first store opened on 24 November 1979 in

text: Munich

text: .Today it is owned by

text: Media-Saturn Holding

text: , which also owns the

text: Saturn

text: chain. Media Markt and Saturn operate in mostly the same markets but with different concepts, and as competitors.

text: In 1655, Christiaan Huygens became the first person to suggest that Saturn was surrounded by a ring. Using a 50 power refracting telescope that he designed himself, far superior to those available to Galileo, Huygens observed Saturn and wrote that "It [Saturn] is surrounded by a thin, flat, ring, nowhere touching, inclined to the ecliptic". Robert Hooke was another early observer of the rings of Saturn, and noted the casting of shadows on the rings.

text: In 1655,

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: became the first person to suggest that Saturn was surrounded by a ring. Using a 50 power refracting telescope that he designed himself, far superior to those available to Galileo, Huygens observed Saturn and wrote that "It [Saturn] is surrounded by a thin, flat, ring, nowhere touching, inclined to the ecliptic".

text: Robert Hooke

text: was another early observer of the rings of Saturn, and noted the casting of shadows on the rings.

text: The baseline for the Saturn II was a Saturn V, without the Boeing-built S-IC first stage. The Saturn V's second stage S-II became the first stage, and the non-restartable S-IVB-200 used on the Saturn IB became the second stage. Such a vehicle could not fly without modification, because the S-II was designed to operate in the near-vacuum of high altitude space. Atmospheric thrust suppression reduced the five Rocketdyne J-2 engines'  of vacuum thrust to  at sea level, insufficient to lift the  weight of the two stages, even without a payload, off of the ground. This required that the S-II be either refit with higher thrust engines, augmented with solid rocket boosters, or both. Another design variable was the amount of the full  propellant load carried in the S-II, and  in the S-IVB stage.

text: The baseline for the Saturn II was a Saturn V, without the Boeing-built

text: S-IC

text: first stage. The Saturn V's second stage

text: S-II

text: became the first stage, and the non-restartable

text: used on the Saturn IB became the second stage. Such a vehicle could not fly without modification, because the S-II was designed to operate in the near-vacuum of high altitude space. Atmospheric thrust suppression reduced the five

text: Rocketdyne J-2

text: engines'  of vacuum thrust to  at sea level, insufficient to lift the  weight of the two stages, even without a payload, off of the ground. This required that the S-II be either refit with higher thrust engines, augmented with

text: solid rocket booster

text: s, or both. Another design variable was the amount of the full  propellant load carried in the S-II, and  in the S-IVB stage.

text: The brightest and longest arc was Fraternité; the faintest was Courage. The normal optical depths of the arcs are estimated to lie in the range 0.03–0.09 (0.034 ± 0.005 for the leading edge of Liberté arc as measured by stellar occultation); the radial widths are approximately the same as those of the continuous ring—about 30 km. The equivalent depths of arcs vary in the range 1.25–2.15 km (0.77 ± 0.13 km for the leading edge of Liberté arc). The fraction of dust in the arcs is from 40% to 70%. The arcs in the Adams ring are somewhat similar to the arc in Saturn's G ring.

text: The brightest and longest arc was Fraternité; the faintest was Courage. The normal optical depths of the arcs are estimated to lie in the range 0.03–0.09 (0.034 ± 0.005 for the leading edge of Liberté arc as measured by stellar occultation); the radial widths are approximately the same as those of the continuous ring—about 30 km. The equivalent depths of arcs vary in the range 1.25–2.15 km (0.77 ± 0.13 km for the leading edge of Liberté arc). The fraction of dust in the arcs is from 40% to 70%. The arcs in the Adams ring are somewhat similar to the arc in

text: Saturn's G ring

text: The film was also nominated for Best Thriller Film at the 40th Saturn Awards and Berry was nominated for Saturn Award for Best Actress, but lost to World War Z and Sandra Bullock

text: The film was also nominated for Best Thriller Film at the

text: 40th Saturn Awards

text: and Berry was nominated for

text: Saturn Award for Best Actress

text: , but lost to

text: World War Z

text: and

text: Sandra Bullock

text: Sailor Saturn's powers are mostly based on Roman mythology, in which Saturn is the god of the harvest. In western astrology, the planet Saturn is known as "the Greater Malefic", "the Old Taskmaster" and "the Grim Reaper." In Act 37 of the manga, Sailor Saturn refers to herself as "the harbinger of death" and her primary role is that of the destroyer. As such, her awakening is greatly feared by Sailors Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Her first act upon arrival is to assault Master Pharaoh 90 with the attack "Death Reborn Revolution." The kanji used with this maneuver translate to , with the intended pronunciation given in furigana.

text: Sailor Saturn's powers are mostly based on

text: Roman mythology

text: , in which

text: Saturn

text: is the god of the

text: harvest

text: . In western astrology, the planet Saturn is known as "the

text: Greater Malefic

text: ", "the Old Taskmaster" and "the

text: Grim Reaper

text: ." In Act 37 of the manga, Sailor Saturn refers to herself as "the harbinger of death" and her primary role is that of the destroyer. As such, her awakening is greatly feared by Sailors Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Her first act upon arrival is to assault Master Pharaoh 90 with the attack "Death Reborn Revolution." The

text: kanji

text: used with this maneuver translate to , with the intended pronunciation given in

text: furigana

text: The moons of Saturn are numerous and diverse, ranging from tiny moonlets less than 1 kilometer across to the enormous Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury. Saturn has 62 moons with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names and only 13 of which have diameters larger than 50 kilometers, as well as dense rings with complex orbital motions of their own. Seven Saturnian moons are large enough to be ellipsoidal in shape, though only two of those, Titan and Rhea, are currently in hydrostatic equilibrium. Particularly notable among Saturn's moons are Titan, the second-largest moon (after Jupiter's Ganymede) in the Solar System, with a nitrogen-rich Earth-like atmosphere and a landscape including hydrocarbon lakes and dry river networks; and Enceladus, which is seemingly similar in chemical makeup to comets, emits jets of gas and dust and may harbor liquid water under its south pole region.

text: The moons of Saturn are numerous and diverse, ranging from tiny

text: moonlet

text: s less than 1 kilometer across to the enormous

text: Titan

text: , which is larger than the planet

text: Mercury

text: Saturn

text: has 62

text: moons

text: with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names and only 13 of which have diameters larger than 50 kilometers, as well as dense

text: rings

text: with complex orbital motions of their own. Seven Saturnian moons are large enough to be ellipsoidal in shape, though only two of those, Titan and

text: Rhea

text: , are currently in

text: hydrostatic equilibrium

text: . Particularly notable among Saturn's moons are Titan, the second-

text: largest

text: moon (after Jupiter's

text: Ganymede

text: ) in the Solar System, with a

text: nitrogen-rich

text: Earth-like atmosphere and a landscape including

text: hydrocarbon lakes

text: and dry river networks; and

text: Enceladus

text: , which is seemingly similar in chemical makeup to comets, emits jets of gas and dust and may harbor liquid water under its south pole region.

text: The Marshall Space Flight Center, which designed the Saturn rockets, referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA), while Kennedy Space Center referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS. Dates given below are dates of launch.

text: The

text: Marshall Space Flight Center

text: , which designed the Saturn rockets, referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA), while

text: Kennedy Space Center

text: referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS. Dates given below are dates of launch.

text: Clark ov Saturn was born in Cedar Falls, Iowa as "Baby Boy Wood" on June 26, 1969, and was soon thereafter adopted and named Clark Jason Nelson. He graduated from Aurelia High School a year early and attended school at Bryne Videregaaende Skule in Bryne, Norway. He received a B.A. in German with a minor in Scandinavian Studies from Luther College in Decorah, Iowa in 1991. During the mid-90's, he became well known in Denver, Colorado as "Herr Nelson" who taught high school German for the Denver Public Schools on their Public-access television cable TV channel in a show called "Tele Deutsch". The stage name "Clark ov Saturn" began being used in 1994 for various musical projects. After joining the industrial band LD-50, Saturn and Recone Helmut split off and formed pH10 and moved to New York City in 1999 after touring Europe with Dr. Israel and the Trumystic Sound System. While in New York, Saturn pursued acting, music production, DJing, filmmaking, standup comedy, improvisation, and online education. In 2005, Saturn started a videoblog, ZipZapZop.com as well as MyGermanClass.com.

text: Clark ov Saturn was born in

text: Cedar Falls

text: Iowa

text: as "Baby Boy Wood" on June 26, 1969, and was soon thereafter adopted and named Clark Jason Nelson. He graduated from Aurelia High School a year early and attended school at Bryne Videregaaende Skule in Bryne, Norway. He received a B.A. in German with a minor in Scandinavian Studies from

text: Luther College

text: in Decorah, Iowa in 1991. During the mid-90's, he became well known in Denver, Colorado as "Herr Nelson" who taught high school German for the Denver Public Schools on their

text: Public-access television

text: cable TV

text: channel in a show called "Tele Deutsch". The stage name "Clark ov Saturn" began being used in 1994 for various musical projects. After joining the industrial band LD-50, Saturn and Recone Helmut split off and formed pH10 and moved to New York City in 1999 after touring Europe with Dr. Israel and the Trumystic Sound System. While in New York, Saturn pursued acting, music production, DJing, filmmaking, standup comedy, improvisation, and online education. In 2005, Saturn started a videoblog, ZipZapZop.com as well as MyGermanClass.com.

text: Saturn's rings could give a further hint to identifying the Solar System. Rings around the planets Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune were unknown when the plaque was designed; however, unlike Saturn the ring systems on these planets are not as easily visible and apparent as Saturn's. Pluto was considered to be a planet when the plaque was designed; in 2006 the IAU reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet and then in 2008 as a plutoid. Other large bodies classed as dwarf planets, such as Eris, are not depicted, as they were unknown at the time the plaque was made.

text: Saturn's rings could give a further hint to identifying the Solar System.

text: Rings

text: around the planets Jupiter,

text: Uranus

text: and

text: Neptune

text: were unknown when the plaque was designed; however, unlike Saturn the ring systems on these planets are not as easily visible and apparent as Saturn's.

text: Pluto

text: was considered to be a planet when the plaque was designed; in 2006 the

text: IAU

text: reclassified Pluto as a

text: dwarf planet

text: and then in 2008 as a

text: plutoid

text: . Other large bodies classed as dwarf planets, such as

text: Eris

text: , are not depicted, as they were unknown at the time the plaque was made.

text: The chosen mission ending involves a series of close Saturn passes, approaching within the rings, then an entry into Saturn's atmosphere on September 15, 2017 to destroy the spacecraft. This method was chosen because it is imperative to ensure protection and prevent biological contamination to any of the moons of Saturn thought to offer potential habitability. Back in 2008 a number of options were evaluated to achieve this goal, each with varying funding, scientific, and technical challenges. A short period Saturn impact for an end of mission was rated "excellent" with the reasons "D-ring option satisfies unachieved AO goals; cheap and easily achievable" while collision with an Icy moon was rated "good" for being "Cheap and achievable anywhere/time".

text: The chosen mission ending involves a series of close Saturn passes, approaching within the

text: rings

text: , then an entry into Saturn's atmosphere on September 15, 2017 to destroy the spacecraft. This method was chosen because it is imperative to ensure

text: protection

text: and prevent biological contamination to any of the moons of Saturn thought to offer potential

text: habitability

text: . Back in 2008 a number of options were evaluated to achieve this goal, each with varying funding, scientific, and technical challenges. A short period Saturn impact for an end of mission was rated "excellent" with the reasons "D-ring option satisfies unachieved AO goals; cheap and easily achievable" while collision with an Icy moon was rated "good" for being "Cheap and achievable anywhere/time".

text: Auspicious i.e. signs owned by the Moon, Mercury, Venus and Jupiter such as Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Virgo, Libra, Sagittarius and Pisces, should preferably form the trikonasthanas, they should then be occupied or aspected by either their own strong lord or a strong friendly benefic planet. An exalted planet occupying any one of these bhavas indicates exceptional good fortune; the Moon becomes exalted in Taurus, Jupiter in Cancer, Mercury in Virgo, Saturn in Libra and Venus in Pisces sign. Natural malefics situated herein tend to destroy the good signified by these bhavas. Mars situated in the 5th house generally gives a miserable domestic life, misfortunes through children and ill-health, whereas Saturn gives an evil mind, stupidity, illness, poverty, sorrow through children, variable fortune etc. Rahu though equally unfavourable makes one hard-hearted and unconventional, and Ketu, while proving bad in effects, gives one inclination towards spirituality. Mars situated in the 9th house makes one wield power and authority, be generous, become renowned for good qualities, affluent and happy but does not make one a dutiful son; Saturn makes one lead a lonely life and probably no marriage; Rahu makes one impolite and miserly, gives fame and wealth but a nagging and domineering wife, and Ketu makes one eloquent but short-tempered, haughty and bad in conduct. The Sun occupying the 5th house makes one impatient and intelligent but devoid of domestic peace and happiness, poor and short-lived, and when occupying the 9th house it gives enmity with spouse and much unhappiness.

text: Auspicious i.e. signs owned by the

text: Moon

text: Mercury

text: Venus

text: and

text: Jupiter

text: such as Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Virgo, Libra, Sagittarius and Pisces, should preferably form the trikonasthanas, they should then be occupied or aspected by either their own strong lord or a strong friendly benefic planet. An exalted planet occupying any one of these bhavas indicates exceptional good fortune; the Moon becomes exalted in Taurus, Jupiter in Cancer, Mercury in Virgo,

text: Saturn

text: in Libra and Venus in Pisces sign. Natural malefics situated herein tend to destroy the good signified by these bhavas.

text: Mars

text: situated in the 5th house generally gives a miserable domestic life, misfortunes through children and ill-health, whereas Saturn gives an evil mind, stupidity, illness, poverty, sorrow through children, variable fortune etc.

text: Rahu

text: though equally unfavourable makes one hard-hearted and unconventional, and

text: Ketu

text: , while proving bad in effects, gives one inclination towards spirituality. Mars situated in the 9th house makes one wield power and authority, be generous, become renowned for good qualities, affluent and happy but does not make one a dutiful son; Saturn makes one lead a lonely life and probably no marriage; Rahu makes one impolite and miserly, gives fame and wealth but a nagging and domineering wife, and Ketu makes one eloquent but short-tempered, haughty and bad in conduct. The Sun occupying the 5th house makes one impatient and intelligent but devoid of domestic peace and happiness, poor and short-lived, and when occupying the 9th house it gives enmity with spouse and much unhappiness.

text: Based on Voyager observations, the total mass of the rings was estimated to be about 3 x 10 kg. This is a small fraction of the total mass of Saturn (about 50 ppb) and is just a little less than the moon Mimas. More-recent observations and computer modeling based on Cassini observations show that this may be an underestimate due to clumping in the rings and the mass may be three times this figure. Although the largest gaps in the rings, such as the Cassini Division and Encke Gap, can be seen from Earth, both Voyager spacecraft discovered that the rings have an intricate structure of thousands of thin gaps and ringlets. This structure is thought to arise, in several different ways, from the gravitational pull of Saturn's many moons. Some gaps are cleared out by the passage of tiny moonlets such as Pan, many more of which may yet be discovered, and some ringlets seem to be maintained by the gravitational effects of small shepherd satellites (similar to Prometheus and Pandora's maintenance of the F ring). Other gaps arise from resonances between the orbital period of particles in the gap and that of a more massive moon further out; Mimas maintains the Cassini Division in this manner. Still more structure in the rings consists of spiral waves raised by the inner moons' periodic gravitational perturbations at less disruptive resonances.

text: Based on Voyager observations, the total mass of the rings was estimated to be about 3 x 10 kg. This is a small fraction of the total mass of Saturn (about 50

text: ppb

text: ) and is just a little less than the moon

text: Mimas

text: . More-recent observations and computer modeling based on Cassini observations show that this may be an underestimate due to clumping in the rings and the mass may be three times this figure. Although the largest gaps in the rings, such as the Cassini Division and

text: Encke Gap

text: , can be seen from Earth, both

text: Voyager

text: spacecraft discovered that the rings have an intricate structure of thousands of thin gaps and ringlets. This structure is thought to arise, in several different ways, from the gravitational pull of Saturn's many moons. Some gaps are cleared out by the passage of tiny moonlets such as

text: Pan

text: , many more of which may yet be discovered, and some ringlets seem to be maintained by the gravitational effects of small

text: shepherd satellite

text: s (similar to

text: Prometheus

text: and

text: Pandora

text: 's maintenance of the F ring). Other gaps arise from resonances between the orbital period of particles in the gap and that of a more massive moon further out;

text: Mimas

text: maintains the Cassini Division in this manner. Still more structure in the rings consists of spiral waves raised by the inner moons' periodic gravitational perturbations at less disruptive resonances.

text: The discovery of the J1407 system and its unusual eclipses were first reported by a team led by University of Rochester astronomer Eric Mamajek in 2012. The existence and parameters of the ring system around the substellar companion J1407b were deduced from the observation of a very long and complex eclipse of the previously anonymous star J1407 during a 56-day period during April and May 2007. The low-mass companion J1407b has been referred to as a "Saturn on steroids" or “Super Saturn” due to its massive system of circumplanetary rings with a radius of approximately 90 million km (0.6 AU). The orbital period of the ringed companion J1407b is estimated to be around a decade (constrained to 3.5 to 13.8 years), and its most probable mass is approximately 13 to 26 Jupiter masses, but with considerable uncertainty. The ringed body can be ruled out as being a star with mass of over 80 Jupiter masses at greater than 99% confidence. The ring system has an estimated mass similar to that of the Earth. A gap in the ring system at about 61 million km (0.4 AU) from its centre is considered to be indirect evidence of the existence of an exomoon with mass up to 0.8 Earth masses.

text: The discovery of the J1407 system and its unusual

text: eclipses

text: were first reported by a team led by

text: University of Rochester

text: astronomer

text: Eric Mamajek

text: in 2012. The existence and parameters of the ring system around the substellar companion J1407b were deduced from the observation of a very long and complex eclipse of the previously anonymous star J1407 during a 56-day period during April and May 2007. The low-mass companion J1407b has been referred to as a "

text: Saturn

text: on steroids" or “

text: Super Saturn

text: AU

text: ). The orbital period of the ringed companion J1407b is estimated to be around a decade (constrained to 3.5 to 13.8 years), and its most probable mass is approximately 13 to 26

text: Jupiter

text: masses, but with considerable uncertainty. The ringed body can be ruled out as being a star with mass of over 80

text: Jupiter

text: masses at greater than 99% confidence. The ring system has an estimated mass similar to that of the

text: Earth

text: . A gap in the ring system at about 61 million km (0.4

text: AU

text: ) from its centre is considered to be indirect evidence of the existence of an

text: exomoon

text: with mass up to 0.8

text: Earth mass

text: es.

text: Beginning in the late 1970s, Peter Goldreich, Frank Shu, and others applied density wave theory to the rings of Saturn.  Saturn's rings (particularly the A Ring) contain a great many spiral density waves and spiral bending waves excited by Lindblad resonances and vertical resonances (respectively) with Saturn's moons.  The physics are largely the same as with galaxies, though spiral waves in Saturn's rings are much more tightly wound (extending a few hundred kilometers at most) due to the very large central mass (Saturn itself) compared to the mass of the disk.  The Cassini mission has revealed very small density waves excited by the ring-moons Pan and Atlas and by high-order resonances with the larger moons, as well as waves whose form changes with time due to the varying orbits of Janus and Epimetheus.

text: Beginning in the late 1970s,

text: Peter Goldreich

text: Frank Shu

text: , and others applied density wave theory to the

text: rings of Saturn

text: .  Saturn's rings (particularly the

text: A Ring

text: ) contain a great many spiral density waves and spiral bending waves excited by

text: Lindblad resonances

text: and vertical resonances (respectively) with

text: Saturn's moons

text: .  The physics are largely the same as with galaxies, though spiral waves in Saturn's rings are much more tightly wound (extending a few hundred kilometers at most) due to the very large central mass (Saturn itself) compared to the mass of the disk.  The

text: Cassini mission

text: has revealed very small density waves excited by the ring-moons

text: Pan

text: and

text: Atlas

text: and by high-order resonances with the larger moons, as well as waves whose form changes with time due to the varying orbits of

text: Janus

text: and

text: Epimetheus

text: Anthe ( ; Greek: Άνθη) is a very small natural satellite of Saturn lying between the orbits of Mimas and Enceladus. It is also known as Saturn XLIX; its provisional designation was S/2007 S 4. It is named after one of the Alkyonides; the name means flowery. It is the sixtieth confirmed moon of Saturn.

text: Anthe ( ; Greek: Άνθη) is a very small

text: natural satellite

text: of

text: Saturn

text: lying between the orbits of

text: Mimas

text: and

text: Enceladus

text: . It is also known as Saturn XLIX; its provisional designation was S/2007 S 4. It is named after one of the

text: Alkyonides

text: ; the name means flowery. It is the sixtieth confirmed moon of Saturn.

text: The probes were to visit Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's moon Titan. Titan was a valuable target, as it was the only moon known to have an atmosphere, and a flyby would gather information that would not otherwise be obtainable, including the density, composition, and temperature of the atmosphere.

text: The probes were to visit Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: . Titan was a valuable target, as it was the only moon known to have an atmosphere, and a flyby would gather information that would not otherwise be obtainable, including the density, composition, and temperature of the atmosphere.

text: Titan is one of the moons of the planet Saturn. In the 30th and 31st centuries of the  the moon is inhabited by a colony of telepaths.

text: Titan

text: is one of the moons of the planet

text: Saturn

text: . In the 30th and 31st centuries of the  the moon is inhabited by a colony of

text: telepaths

text: Saturn's rings require at least a 15-mm-diameter telescope to resolve and thus were not known to exist until Galileo first saw them in 1610. He thought of them as two moons on Saturn's sides. It was not until Christiaan Huygens used greater telescopic magnification that this notion was refuted. Huygens discovered Saturn's moon Titan; Giovanni Domenico Cassini later discovered four other moons: Iapetus, Rhea, Tethys and Dione. In 1675, Cassini discovered the gap now known as the Cassini Division.

text: Saturn's rings require at least a 15-mm-diameter

text: telescope

text: to resolve and thus were not known to exist until

text: Galileo

text: first saw them in 1610. He thought of them as two moons on Saturn's sides. It was not until

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: used greater telescopic magnification that this notion was refuted. Huygens discovered Saturn's moon Titan;

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: later discovered four other moons:

text: Iapetus

text: Rhea

text: Tethys

text: and

text: Dione

text: . In 1675, Cassini discovered the gap now known as the

text: Cassini Division

text: Saturn's moon Helene (Saturn VII or Dione B), was discovered by Pierre Laques and Jean Lecacheux in 1980 from ground-based observations at Pic du Midi Observatory, and named Helene in 1988. It is also a trojan moon of Dione.

text: Saturn's moon

text: Helene

text: (Saturn VII or Dione B), was discovered by

text: Pierre Laques

text: and

text: Jean Lecacheux

text: in 1980 from ground-based observations at

text: Pic du Midi Observatory

text: , and named Helene in 1988. It is also a

text: trojan moon

text: of

text: Dione

text: In 1956 Krafft Ehricke of Convair began to study a liquid hydrogen upper stage rocket. In 1958 the project started through a joint between Convair, Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and U.S. Air Force. In 1959 NASA assumed ARPA's role. Development started at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and then at Lewis Research Center, now the Glenn Research Center, but proceeded slowly, with the first (unsuccessful) test flight in May 1962. In the late 1950s and early 1960s Centaur was proposed as a high energy upper stage for the Saturn I, Saturn IB and Saturn V rockets, under the designation S-V (pronounced "ess five") in accordance with the numbering of other stages of Saturn rockets. However, Centaur never flew on any Saturn vehicle, though the Saturn I used a cluster of six RL10 engines on its second stage.

text: In 1956

text: Krafft Ehricke

text: of

text: Convair

text: began to study a liquid hydrogen upper stage rocket. In 1958 the project started through a joint between Convair,

text: Advanced Research Projects Agency

text: (ARPA) and

text: U.S. Air Force

text: . In 1959 NASA assumed ARPA's role. Development started at NASA's

text: Marshall Space Flight Center

text: and then at

text: Lewis Research Center

text: , now the

text: Glenn Research Center

text: , but proceeded slowly, with the first (unsuccessful) test flight in May 1962. In the late 1950s and early 1960s Centaur was proposed as a high energy upper stage for the

text: Saturn I

text: Saturn IB

text: and

text: Saturn V

text: rockets, under the designation S-V (pronounced "ess five") in accordance with the numbering of other stages of Saturn rockets. However, Centaur never flew on any Saturn vehicle, though the Saturn I used a cluster of six RL10 engines on its second stage.

text: Saturn finished the 2006 season at disappointing 11th place in Russian league, and as the 2007 season was about to start Vukčević expressed frustration with coach Weiss playing him out of position. He also said that coming to Saturn was a mistake and that he would have preferred a more ambitious club.

text: Saturn finished the

text: 2006 season

text: at disappointing 11th place in

text: Russian league

text: , and as the 2007 season was about to start Vukčević expressed frustration with coach Weiss playing him out of position. He also said that coming to Saturn was a mistake and that he would have preferred a more ambitious club.

text: In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the Temple of Saturn frugifer dues. Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture and the God Saturn was the God of agriculture. Saturn became a prominent God in Mauretania and his cult became an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in Caesaria by 30, and throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.

text: In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the

text: Temple of Saturn frugifer dues

text: . Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture and the God Saturn was the God of agriculture. Saturn became a prominent God in Mauretania and his cult became an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in Caesaria by 30, and throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.

text: Varahamihira states that if the Lagna falls in an even sign, and the three natural benefics along with Mars are all powerful to do good then a woman becomes a famous Vedantin, and if the 7th house is tenanted by a cruel planet and the 9th by mild benefics then she will embrace the kind of Sanyasa as is indicated by the planet occupying the 9th house. In a Capricorn Lagna nativity that had Rahu in the 5th, Mars in the 6th, Saturn in the 7th, the Sun and the Moon in the 8th, Venus and Mercury in the 9th, Jupiter and Ketu in the 11th despite a powerful Bhagya Yoga obtaining and all three natural benefics being placed ahead of the Sun and the Moon the lady did not receive Diksha because Saturn did not aspect the Moon or its dispositor, and Mars did not aspect the 9th house.

text: Varahamihira

text: states that if the Lagna falls in an even sign, and the three natural benefics along with Mars are all powerful to do good then a woman becomes a famous Vedantin, and if the 7th house is tenanted by a cruel planet and the 9th by mild benefics then she will embrace the kind of Sanyasa as is indicated by the planet occupying the 9th house. In a Capricorn Lagna nativity that had Rahu in the 5th, Mars in the 6th, Saturn in the 7th, the Sun and the Moon in the 8th, Venus and Mercury in the 9th, Jupiter and Ketu in the 11th despite a powerful Bhagya Yoga obtaining and all three natural benefics being placed ahead of the Sun and the Moon the lady did not receive Diksha because Saturn did not aspect the Moon or its

text: dispositor

text: , and Mars did not aspect the 9th house.

text: The sky in the upper reaches of Saturn's atmosphere is probably blue, but the predominant color of its cloud decks suggests that it may be yellowish further down. Observations from spacecraft show that seasonal smog develops in Saturn's southern hemisphere at its perihelion due to its axial tilt. This could cause the sky to become yellowish at times. As the northern hemisphere is pointed towards the sun only at aphelion, the sky there would likely remain blue. The rings of Saturn are almost certainly visible from the upper reaches of its atmosphere. The rings are so thin that from a position on Saturn's equator, they would be almost invisible. However, from anywhere else on the planet, they could be seen as a spectacular arc stretching across half the celestial hemisphere.

text: The sky in the upper reaches of

text: Saturn

text: 's atmosphere is probably blue, but the predominant color of its cloud decks suggests that it may be yellowish further down. Observations from spacecraft show that seasonal smog develops in Saturn's southern hemisphere at its perihelion due to its axial tilt. This could cause the sky to become yellowish at times. As the northern hemisphere is pointed towards the sun only at aphelion, the sky there would likely remain blue. The

text: rings of Saturn

text: are almost certainly visible from the upper reaches of its atmosphere. The rings are so thin that from a position on Saturn's equator, they would be almost invisible. However, from anywhere else on the planet, they could be seen as a spectacular arc stretching across half the celestial hemisphere.

text: Titan's orbital tilt with respect to the sun is very close to Saturn's axial tilt (about 27°), and its axial tilt with respect to its orbit is zero.  This means that the direction of incoming sunlight is driven almost entirely by Titan's day-night cycle and Saturn's year cycle.  The day cycle on Titan lasts 15.9 Earth days, which is how long it takes Titan to orbit Saturn.  Titan is tidally locked, so the same part of Titan always faces Saturn, and there is no separate "month" cycle.

text: Titan's orbital tilt with respect to the sun is very close to Saturn's axial tilt (about 27°), and its axial tilt with respect to its orbit is zero.  This means that the direction of incoming sunlight is driven almost entirely by Titan's day-night cycle and Saturn's year cycle.  The day cycle on Titan lasts 15.9 Earth days, which is how long it takes Titan to orbit Saturn.  Titan is

text: tidally locked

text: , so the same part of Titan always faces Saturn, and there is no separate "month" cycle.

text: The next match was a standard wrestling match for the WWF European Championship. Eddie Guerrero defended the title against Perry Saturn. Before the match started, Guerrero's valet Chyna knocked down Saturn before chasing Saturn's valet Terri out of the arena. Guerrero began the offensive as Saturn was knocked outside and taken down by Chyna. Guerrero took advantage of the situation by dominating Saturn throughout the match. After a back and forth match, Guerrero eventually knocked Saturn outside the ring, who attacked Chyna outside the ring. Terri came back while Saturn used her as a shield. She kicked Guerrero in the groin while Saturn tossed Guerrero into the ring and performed a Diving Elbow Drop on Guerrero to win the European Championship.

text: The next match was a standard wrestling match for the

text: WWF European Championship

text: Eddie Guerrero

text: defended the title against

text: Perry Saturn

text: . Before the match started, Guerrero's

text: valet

text: Chyna

text: knocked down Saturn before chasing Saturn's valet

text: Terri

text: out of the arena. Guerrero began the offensive as Saturn was knocked outside and taken down by Chyna. Guerrero took advantage of the situation by dominating Saturn throughout the match. After a back and forth match, Guerrero eventually knocked Saturn outside the ring, who attacked Chyna outside the ring. Terri came back while Saturn used her as a shield. She

text: kick

text: ed Guerrero

text: in the groin

text: while Saturn tossed Guerrero into the ring and performed a

entity_name: Professional wrestling aerial techniques

text: Diving Elbow Drop

text: on Guerrero to win the European Championship.

text: In the fictional Marvel Universe, Saturn's moon Titan is a location appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is depicted as the home of the Titanian Eternals. It first appeared in Iron Man #55 (Feb 1973) and was created by Jim Starlin and Mike Friedrich. The Titanians, also known as Titans, were later retconned as being an offshoot of the Eternals, which had been created separately by Jack Kirby.

text: In the fictional

text: Marvel Universe

text: Saturn

text: 's moon

text: Titan

text: is a location appearing in

text: American comic book

text: s published by

text: Marvel Comics

text: . It is depicted as the home of the Titanian

text: Eternals

text: . It first appeared in

text: Iron Man

text: #55 (Feb 1973) and was created by

text: Jim Starlin

text: and

text: Mike Friedrich

text: . The Titanians, also known as Titans, were later

text: retcon

text: ned as being an offshoot of the

text: Eternals

text: , which had been created separately by

text: Jack Kirby

text: An Edenist voidhawk named Iasius returns home to Saturn to die. As is traditional, a mating flight is called, with many voidhawks and even a blackhawk, Udat, joining Iasius on its final voyage into Saturn's atmosphere. As it descends, the other ships energise its bitek eggs, which are taken to nest in Saturn's rings. After several months, when the eggs are large enough, the infant children of Iasius captain, Athene, are placed within them, so ship and captain experience infancy together, forming an unbreakable bond of love. The ship that grows from the egg energised by Udat, Oenone, becomes the most notable of the new brood of voidhawks, and its captain, Syrinx, the most wilful. As with many Edenists, Syrinx and Oenone volunteer to serve a tour of duty with the Confederation Navy, but the destruction of their fellow ship Graeae (commanded by Syrinx's brother, Thetis) by an Adamist starship (called the Dymasio) using antimatter causes Syrinx to take a dim view of Adamists in general from that point on. She finishes her service with the Navy and then goes into cargo shipping.

text: A  drives spiral density waves both in galaxies (where stars are subject to forcing by the spiral arms themselves) and in Saturn's rings (where ring particles are subject to forcing by Saturn's moons).

text: A  drives

text: spiral density waves

text: both in

text: galaxies

text: (where stars are subject to

text: forcing

text: by the spiral arms themselves) and in

text: Saturn's rings

text: (where ring particles are subject to forcing by

text: Saturn's moons

text: A nuclear engine was considered for some time as a replacement for the J-2 used on the S-II and S-IVB stages on the Saturn V and Saturn I rockets. Originally "drop-in" replacements were considered for higher performance, but a larger replacement for the S-IVB stage was later studied for missions to Mars and other high-load profiles, known as the S-N. Nuclear thermal translunar or interplanetary space "shuttles" were planned as part of the Space Transportation System to take payloads from a propellant depot in low Earth orbit to the Moon and other planets.  Robert Bussard proposed the Single-Stage-To-Orbit "Aspen" vehicle using a nuclear thermal rocket for propulsion and liquid hydrogen propellant for partial shielding against neutron back scattering in the lower atmosphere. The Soviets studied nuclear engines for their own moon rockets, notably upper stages of the N-1, although they never entered an extensive testing program like the one the U.S. conducted throughout the 1960s at the Nevada Test Site.  Despite many successful firings, American nuclear rockets did not fly before the space race ended.

text: A nuclear engine was considered for some time as a replacement for the

text: used on the

text: S-II

text: and

text: S-IVB

text: stages on the

text: Saturn V

text: and

text: Saturn I

text: rockets. Originally "drop-in" replacements were considered for higher performance, but a larger replacement for the S-IVB stage was later studied for missions to Mars and other high-load profiles, known as the S-N. Nuclear thermal translunar or interplanetary space "shuttles" were planned as part of the

text: Space Transportation System

text: to take payloads from a propellant depot in

text: low Earth orbit

text: to the Moon and other planets.

text: Robert Bussard

text: proposed the Single-Stage-To-Orbit "Aspen" vehicle using a nuclear thermal rocket for propulsion and liquid hydrogen propellant for partial shielding against neutron back scattering in the lower atmosphere. The Soviets studied nuclear engines for their own moon rockets, notably upper stages of the

text: , although they never entered an extensive testing program like the one the U.S. conducted throughout the 1960s at the

text: Nevada Test Site

text: .  Despite many successful firings, American nuclear rockets did not fly before the

text: space race

text: ended.

text: The Gallic group are four prograde outer moons that are similar enough in their distance from the planet (207–302 radii of Saturn), their orbital inclination (35–40°) and their color that they can be considered a group. They are Albiorix, Bebhionn, Erriapus, and Tarvos. Tarvos, as of 2009, is the most distant of Saturn's moons with a prograde orbit. The largest among these moons is Albiorix with an estimated size of about 32 km.

text: The Gallic group are four prograde outer moons that are similar enough in their distance from the planet (207–302 radii of Saturn), their orbital inclination (35–40°) and their color that they can be considered a group. They are

text: Albiorix

text: Bebhionn

text: Erriapus

text: , and

text: Tarvos

text: . Tarvos, as of 2009, is the most distant of Saturn's moons with a prograde orbit. The largest among these moons is Albiorix with an estimated size of about 32 km.

text: The Roman numbering system for satellites arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's Moon: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), refusing to adopt the names proposed by his rival Simon Marius. Similar numbering schemes naturally arose with the discovery of multiple moons around Saturn, Uranus, and Mars. The numbers initially designated the moons in orbital sequence, and were re-numbered after each new discovery; for instance, before the discovery of Mimas and Enceladus in 1789, Tethys was Saturn I, Dione Saturn II, etc., but after the new moons were discovered, Mimas became Saturn I, Enceladus Saturn II, Tethys Saturn III and Dione Saturn IV.

text: The Roman numbering system for satellites arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's Moon:

text: Galileo

text: referred to the

text: Galilean moons

text: as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), refusing to adopt the names proposed by his rival

text: Simon Marius

text: . Similar numbering schemes naturally arose with the discovery of multiple moons around Saturn, Uranus, and Mars. The numbers initially designated the moons in orbital sequence, and were re-numbered after each new discovery; for instance, before the discovery of Mimas and Enceladus in 1789, Tethys was Saturn I, Dione Saturn II, etc., but after the new moons were discovered, Mimas became Saturn I, Enceladus Saturn II, Tethys Saturn III and Dione Saturn IV.

text: In October 2009, astronomers Anne J. Verbiscer, Michael F. Skrutskie, and Douglas P. Hamilton published findings of the "Phoebe ring" of Saturn, which was found with the telescope; the ring is a huge, tenuous disc of material extending from 128 to 207 times the radius of Saturn.

text: In October 2009, astronomers Anne J. Verbiscer, Michael F. Skrutskie, and Douglas P. Hamilton published findings of the "

text: Phoebe ring

text: " of

text: Saturn

text: , which was found with the telescope; the ring is a huge, tenuous disc of material extending from 128 to 207 times the radius of Saturn.

text: On release, Famicom Tsūshin scored the PlayStation version's Deluxe Pack a 32 out of 40, and the Sega Saturn's Deluxe Pack a 31 out of 40. Maximum gave the Saturn Deluxe Pack three out of five stars, saying that it is virtually identical to the arcade and PlayStation versions and has very pleasing gameplay, visuals, and music, but is outdated compared to contemporary Saturn games. They summarized, "Konami's first effort [at a Saturn game] has a lot to commend it, but when there are epics such as Panzer Dragoon stretching the shooting genre, it's clear that Parodius is not in the same league."

text: On release,

text: Famicom Tsūshin

text: scored the PlayStation version's Deluxe Pack a 32 out of 40, and the Sega Saturn's Deluxe Pack a 31 out of 40. Maximum gave the Saturn Deluxe Pack three out of five stars, saying that it is virtually identical to the arcade and PlayStation versions and has very pleasing gameplay, visuals, and music, but is outdated compared to contemporary Saturn games. They summarized, "Konami's first effort [at a Saturn game] has a lot to commend it, but when there are epics such as

text: Panzer Dragoon

text: stretching the shooting genre, it's clear that Parodius is not in the same league."

text: In the skies of Saturn's inner moons, Saturn is an enormous object. For instance, Saturn seen from Pan has an apparent diameter of ~50°, 104 times larger than our Moon and occupying 11% of Pan's sky. Because Pan orbits along the Encke division within Saturn's rings, they are visible from anywhere on Pan, even on its side facing away from Saturn.

text: In the skies of Saturn's inner moons, Saturn is an enormous object. For instance, Saturn seen from

text: Pan

text: has an apparent diameter of ~50°, 104 times larger than our Moon and occupying 11% of Pan's sky. Because Pan orbits along the

text: Encke division

text: within Saturn's rings, they are visible from anywhere on Pan, even on its side facing away from Saturn.

text: In 1959, NASA's Silverstein Committee issued recommendations to develop the Saturn class launch vehicles, growing from the C-1. When the Apollo program was started in 1961 with the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA chose the Saturn I for Earth orbital test missions. However, the Saturn I's payload limit of  would allow testing of only the Command Module with a smaller propulsion module attached, as the Apollo Command/Service Module would have a dry weight of at least , in addition to service propulsion and reaction control fuel. In July 1962, NASA announced selection of the C-5 for the lunar landing mission, and decided to develop another launch vehicle by upgrading the Saturn I, replacing its S-IV second stage with the S-IVB which would also be modified for use as the Saturn V third stage. The S-I first stage would also be upgraded to the S-IB by improving the thrust of its engines and removing some weight. The new Saturn IB, with a payload capability of at least , would replace the Saturn I for Earth orbit testing, allowing the Command/Service Module to be flown with a partial fuel load. It would also allow launching the  Lunar Excursion Module separately for unmanned and manned Earth orbital testing, before the Saturn V was ready to be flown. It would also give early development to the third stage.

text: In 1959, NASA's

text: Silverstein Committee

text: issued recommendations to develop the

text: Saturn class

text: launch vehicles, growing from the

text: . When the

text: Apollo program

text: was started in 1961 with the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA chose the Saturn I for Earth orbital test missions. However, the Saturn I's payload limit of  would allow testing of only the Command Module with a smaller propulsion module attached, as the

text: Apollo Command/Service Module

text: would have a dry weight of at least , in addition to service propulsion and reaction control fuel. In July 1962, NASA announced selection of the

text: for the lunar landing mission, and decided to develop another launch vehicle by upgrading the Saturn I, replacing its

text: S-IV

text: second stage with the

text: S-IVB

text: which would also be modified for use as the Saturn V third stage. The

text: S-I

text: first stage would also be upgraded to the S-IB by improving the thrust of its engines and removing some weight. The new Saturn IB, with a payload capability of at least , would replace the Saturn I for Earth orbit testing, allowing the Command/Service Module to be flown with a partial fuel load. It would also allow launching the

text: Lunar Excursion Module

text: separately for unmanned and manned Earth orbital testing, before the Saturn V was ready to be flown. It would also give early development to the third stage.

text: Maraka means the one that causes death at the end of a life-span or causes ill-health. The maraka for Aries lagna is Venus for it owns both marakasthanas; Mars, Moon, Venus and Jupiter are the marakas for Taurus lagna; the Moon for Gemini lagna; Saturn for Cancer and Leo lagnas; Venus for Virgo lagna; Mars for Libra lagna; Venus for Scorpio lagna; Venus and Saturn for Sagittarius lagna; Mars, Moon and Jupiter for Capricorn lagna; the Sun, Mars and Jupiter for Aquarius lagna, and for Pisces lagna, Mercury and Saturn are the designated marakas. The marakas and the planets associated with the marakas, and all malefic planets can cause illness and death during the operation of their dashas but if longevity is over but the dasa of maraka is not operating then the lord of the 12th house acts as the maraka and its dasha or the dasha of a malefic can cause death. Saturn and Rahu are the Mrityu-karakas or significators of death. A Maraka does not kill in its own antra-dasha in the dasa of a benefic planet but it does so in its antra-dasha the dasha of a malefic. Saturn associated with a maraka kills, and death generally occurs during the course of the antra-dasha of the lords of the trikabhavas in the dasha of a maraka. The lords of the 2nd and the 12th bhavas counted from the sign and bhava occupied by the Moon behave as marakas if they are natural malefic. Moreover, death can occur in the antra-dasha or dasha of the lord of the 3rd nakshatra from Janam nakshatra (asterism occupied by the Moon at birth) for a person of Alpayu (short-life), in that of the 5th nakshatra for a person of Madhyayu (Middle-life) and in that of the 7th nakshatra for a person blessed with Poornayu (long-life).

text: Maraka means the one that causes death at the end of a life-span or causes ill-health. The maraka for

text: Aries

text: lagna is

text: Venus

text: for it owns both marakasthanas;

text: Mars

text: Moon

text: , Venus and

text: Jupiter

text: are the marakas for

text: Taurus

text: lagna; the Moon for

text: Gemini

text: lagna;

text: Saturn

text: for

text: Cancer

text: and

text: Leo

text: lagnas; Venus for

text: Virgo

text: lagna; Mars for

text: Libra

text: lagna; Venus for

text: Scorpio

text: lagna; Venus and Saturn for

text: Sagittarius

text: lagna; Mars, Moon and Jupiter for

text: Capricorn

text: lagna; the

text: Sun

text: , Mars and Jupiter for

text: Aquarius

text: lagna, and for

text: Pisces

text: lagna,

text: Mercury

text: and Saturn are the designated marakas. The marakas and the planets associated with the marakas, and all malefic planets can cause illness and death during the operation of their

text: dashas

text: but if longevity is over but the dasa of maraka is not operating then the lord of the 12th house acts as the maraka and its dasha or the dasha of a malefic can cause death. Saturn and Rahu are the Mrityu-karakas or significators of death. A Maraka does not kill in its own antra-dasha in the dasa of a benefic planet but it does so in its antra-dasha the dasha of a malefic. Saturn associated with a maraka kills, and death generally occurs during the course of the antra-dasha of the lords of the trikabhavas in the dasha of a maraka. The lords of the 2nd and the 12th bhavas counted from the sign and bhava occupied by the Moon behave as marakas if they are natural malefic. Moreover, death can occur in the antra-dasha or dasha of the lord of the 3rd

text: nakshatra

text: from Janam nakshatra (asterism occupied by the Moon at birth) for a person of Alpayu (short-life), in that of the 5th nakshatra for a person of Madhyayu (Middle-life) and in that of the 7th nakshatra for a person blessed with Poornayu (long-life).

text: The orbit of Iapetus is somewhat unusual. Although it is Saturn's third-largest moon, it orbits much farther from Saturn than the next closest major moon, Titan. It has also the most inclined orbital plane of the regular satellites; only the irregular outer satellites like Phoebe have more inclined orbits. The cause of this is unknown.

text: The orbit of Iapetus is somewhat unusual. Although it is Saturn's third-largest moon, it orbits much farther from Saturn than the next closest major moon,

text: Titan

text: . It has also the most inclined orbital plane of the regular satellites; only the irregular outer satellites like

text: Phoebe

text: have more inclined orbits. The cause of this is unknown.

text: In the course of the ongoing mission, Porco and her team have discovered seven moons of Saturn: Methone and Pallene, Polydeuces, Daphnis, Anthe, Aegaeon, and a small moonlet in the outer B ring. They also found several new rings, such as rings coincident with the orbits of Atlas, Janus and Epimetheus (the Saturnian 'co-orbitals') and Pallene; a diffuse ring between Atlas and the F ring; and new rings within several of the gaps in Saturn's rings.

text: In the course of the ongoing mission, Porco and her team have discovered seven moons of Saturn:

text: Methone

text: and

text: Pallene

text: Polydeuces

text: Daphnis

text: Anthe

text: Aegaeon

text: , and a small moonlet in the outer B ring. They also found several new rings, such as rings coincident with the orbits of

text: Atlas

text: Janus

text: and

text: Epimetheus

text: (the Saturnian 'co-orbitals') and Pallene; a diffuse ring between Atlas and the

text: F ring

text: ; and new rings within several of the gaps in Saturn's rings.

text: Cassini named the four moons he discovered (Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Iapetus) Sidera Lodoicea (the stars of Louis) to honor King Louis XIV. Astronomers fell into the habit of referring to them and Titan as Saturn I through Saturn V. Once Mimas and Enceladus were discovered, in 1789, the numbering scheme was extended to Saturn VII.

text: Cassini named the four moons he discovered (

text: Tethys

text: Dione

text: , Rhea and

text: Iapetus

text: Sidera Lodoicea

text: (the stars of Louis) to honor King

text: Louis XIV

text: . Astronomers fell into the habit of referring to them and

text: Titan

text: as Saturn I through Saturn V. Once

text: Mimas

text: and

text: Enceladus

text: were discovered, in 1789, the numbering scheme was extended to Saturn VII.

text: Deathcore combines elements of death metal with elements of metalcore or hardcore punk, or both. It is defined by an "excessive" use of death metal riffs, blast beats and use of hardcore punk breakdowns. Some prominent bands include the Acacia Strain, Carnifex, Despised Icon, Suicide Silence, Rings of Saturn, and Whitechapel.

text: Deathcore combines elements of

text: death metal

text: with elements of metalcore or

text: hardcore punk

text: , or both. It is defined by an "excessive" use of death metal

text: riff

text: s,

text: blast beat

text: s and use of hardcore punk

text: breakdowns

text: . Some prominent bands include

text: the Acacia Strain

text: Carnifex

text: Despised Icon

text: Suicide Silence

text: Rings of Saturn

text: , and

text: Whitechapel

text: After a match in which he legitimately attacked jobber Mike Bell, Saturn immediately underwent a significant gimmick change and, possibly as punishment for his actions, was involved in storylines about his becoming infatuated with a mop. After receiving head trauma in matches against The Acolytes Protection Agency and Raven, Saturn began acting eccentrically and speaking nonsensically, allegedly as the result of a concussion. Saturn began uttering the phrase "you're welcome" at inopportune intervals, and then fell in love with "Moppy", an inanimate mop which he believed was alive (similar to the Wilson Volleyball in the movie Cast Away). This gimmick went over well with the fans, leading to a face turn. Terri Runnels told Saturn to choose between Moppy and her, and was infuriated when Saturn chose the mop. She left Saturn for Raven, who would help her enact vengeance on Saturn by "kidnapping" Moppy and feeding 'her' into a woodchipper. Saturn in turn gained a measure of revenge when he defeated Raven at Unforgiven on September 23. After this, Saturn dropped the gimmick, but still remained a face.

text: After a match in which he

entity_name: Glossary of professional wrestling terms

text: legitimately

text: attacked

text: jobber

text: Mike Bell

text: , Saturn immediately underwent a significant gimmick change and, possibly as punishment for his actions, was involved in storylines about his becoming infatuated with a mop. After receiving head trauma in matches against

text: The Acolytes Protection Agency

text: and Raven, Saturn began acting eccentrically and speaking nonsensically, allegedly as the result of a

text: concussion

text: . Saturn began uttering the phrase "you're welcome" at inopportune intervals, and then fell in love with "Moppy", an inanimate

text: mop

text: which he believed was alive (similar to the Wilson Volleyball in the movie

text: Cast Away

text: ). This gimmick went over well with the fans, leading to a face turn. Terri Runnels told Saturn to choose between Moppy and her, and was infuriated when Saturn chose the mop. She left Saturn for Raven, who would help her enact vengeance on Saturn by "kidnapping" Moppy and feeding 'her' into a

text: woodchipper

text: . Saturn in turn gained a measure of revenge when he defeated Raven at

text: Unforgiven

text: on September 23. After this, Saturn dropped the gimmick, but still remained a face.

text: Brainiac 5 finally deduces Sensor Girl’s identity, which is confirmed by Saturn Girl. Projectra had traveled to Shanghalla to visit the tomb of her late husband Karate Kid, who tutored her in hand-to-hand combat. She was able to fly without the aid of her new Legion flight ring by using the one she received when she originally joined the team years earlier. Her other seemingly endless abilities were the result of her illusion-casting powers, magically heightened by the spirits of her ancestors to include the ability to see through reality's illusions — including those of size, distance, time and death. Desiring to return to the Legion in secret, she and Saturn Girl developed the Sensor Girl identity.

text: Brainiac 5 finally deduces Sensor Girl’s identity, which is confirmed by Saturn Girl. Projectra had traveled to Shanghalla to visit the tomb of her late husband

text: Karate Kid

text: , who tutored her in hand-to-hand combat. She was able to fly without the aid of her new Legion flight ring by using the one she received when she originally joined the team years earlier. Her other seemingly endless abilities were the result of her illusion-casting powers, magically heightened by the spirits of her ancestors to include the ability to see through reality's illusions — including those of size, distance, time and death. Desiring to return to the Legion in secret, she and Saturn Girl developed the Sensor Girl identity.

text: Perhaps the best known of the Black Paintings is Saturn Devouring His Son. The image portrays the Titan Kronos (or Saturn in Roman mythology), father of Zeus, eating one of his children. Fearing a prophecy that one of his children would overthrow him, Saturn ate each of his children upon their birth. Goya depicts this act of cannibalism with startling savagery. The background is black while the limbs and head of Saturn seem to pop out of the shadows. Saturn's eyes are huge and bulging as if he is mad. His fingers dig into the back of his child whose head and right arm are already consumed. Saturn is about to take another bite of the body's left arm. The only use of color beside fleshtones is the splash of red blood covering the mutilated outline of the upper part of the partially eaten, motionless body which is chillingly depicted in deathly white.

text: Perhaps the best known of the Black Paintings is Saturn Devouring His Son. The image portrays the

text: Titan

text: Kronos

text: (or

text: Saturn

text: in

text: Roman mythology

text: ), father of

text: Zeus

text: , eating one of his children. Fearing a prophecy that one of his children would overthrow him, Saturn ate each of his children upon their birth. Goya depicts this act of

text: cannibalism

text: with startling savagery. The background is black while the limbs and head of Saturn seem to pop out of the shadows. Saturn's eyes are huge and bulging as if he is mad. His fingers dig into the back of his child whose head and right arm are already consumed. Saturn is about to take another bite of the body's left arm. The only use of color beside fleshtones is the splash of red blood covering the mutilated outline of the upper part of the partially eaten, motionless body which is chillingly depicted in deathly white.

text: The basic IU structure is a short cylinder, 36 inches high and  in diameter, fabricated of an aluminum alloy honeycomb sandwich material  thick. The cylinder is manufactured in three 120-degree segments, which are joined by splice plates into an integral structure. The top and bottom edges are made from extruded aluminum channels bonded to the honeycomb sandwich. This type of construction was selected for its high strength to weight ratio, acoustical insulation, and thermal conductivity properties. The IU supported the components mounted on its inner wall and the weight of the Apollo spacecraft above (the Lunar Module, the Command Module, the Service Module, and the Launch Escape Tower). To facilitate handling the IU before it was assembled into the Saturn, the fore and aft protective rings, 6 inches tall and painted blue, were bolted to the top and bottom channels. These were removed in the course of stacking the IU into the Saturn vehicle. The structure was manufactured by North American Rockwell in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Edward A. Beasley was the I.U. Program Manager.

text: Phoebe's orbit is retrograde, i.e. it orbits Saturn opposite to Saturn's rotation. For more than 100 years, Phoebe was Saturn's outermost known moon, until the discovery of several smaller moons in 2000. Phoebe is almost 4 times more distant from Saturn than its nearest major neighbor (Iapetus), and is substantially larger than any of the other moons orbiting planets at comparable distances.

text: Phoebe's orbit is

text: retrograde

text: , i.e. it orbits Saturn opposite to Saturn's rotation. For more than 100 years, Phoebe was Saturn's outermost known moon, until the discovery of several smaller moons in 2000. Phoebe is almost 4 times more distant from Saturn than its nearest major neighbor (

text: Iapetus

text: ), and is substantially larger than any of the other moons orbiting planets at comparable distances.

text: Saturn V Dynamic Test Vehicle, designated SA-500D, is a prototype Saturn V rocket used by NASA to test the performance of the rocket when vibrated to simulate the shaking which subsequent rockets would experience during launch.  It was the first full-scale Saturn V completed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).  Though SA-500D never flew, it was instrumental in the development of the Saturn V rocket which propelled the first men to the Moon as part of the Apollo program.  Built under the direction of Dr. Wernher von Braun, it served as the test vehicle for all of the Saturn support facilities at MSFC.

text: Saturn V Dynamic Test Vehicle, designated SA-500D, is a prototype

text: Saturn V

text: rocket used by

text: NASA

text: to test the performance of the rocket when vibrated to simulate the shaking which subsequent rockets would experience during launch.  It was the first full-scale Saturn V completed by the

text: Marshall Space Flight Center

text: (MSFC).  Though SA-500D never flew, it was instrumental in the development of the Saturn V rocket which propelled the first men to the

text: Moon

text: as part of the

text: Apollo program

text: .  Built under the direction of Dr.

text: Wernher von Braun

text: , it served as the test vehicle for all of the Saturn support facilities at MSFC.

text: The Saturn Relay is a minivan produced by General Motors. It was introduced for the 2005 model year, and was built alongside its sisters, the Buick Terraza, the Chevrolet Uplander, and the Pontiac Montana SV6 in Doraville, Georgia. The Relay was the first Saturn vehicle without polymer side paneling, the first Saturn that is a rebadged Chevrolet or Pontiac, and it was the first (and only) minivan produced by Saturn.

text: The Saturn Relay is a

text: minivan

text: produced by General Motors. It was introduced for the 2005 model year, and was built alongside its sisters, the

text: Buick Terraza

text: , the

text: Chevrolet Uplander

text: , and the

text: Pontiac Montana SV6

text: in

text: Doraville, Georgia

text: . The Relay was the first Saturn vehicle without

text: polymer

text: side paneling, the first Saturn that is a

text: rebadged

text: Chevrolet

text: or

text: Pontiac

text: , and it was the first (and only) minivan produced by Saturn.

text: A nuclear engine was considered for some time as a replacement for the J-2 used on the S-II and S-IVB stages on the Saturn V and Saturn I rockets. Originally "drop-in" replacements were considered for higher performance, but a larger replacement for the S-IVB stage was later studied for missions to Mars and other high-load profiles, known as the S-N. Nuclear thermal space "tugs" were planned as part of the Space Transportation System to take payloads from a propellant depot in low Earth orbit to higher orbits, the Moon, and other planets.  Robert Bussard proposed the single stage to orbit "Aspen" vehicle using a nuclear thermal rocket for propulsion and liquid hydrogen propellant for partial shielding against neutron back scattering in the lower atmosphere. The Soviet Union studied nuclear engines for their own moon rockets, notably upper stages of the N-1, although they never entered an extensive testing program like the one the U.S. conducted throughout the 1960s at the Nevada Test Site.  Despite many successful firings, American nuclear rockets did not fly before the space race ended.

text: used on the

text: S-II

text: and

text: S-IVB

text: stages on the

text: Saturn V

text: and

text: Saturn I

text: rockets. Originally "drop-in" replacements were considered for higher performance, but a larger replacement for the S-IVB stage was later studied for missions to Mars and other high-load profiles, known as the S-N. Nuclear thermal space "tugs" were planned as part of the

text: Space Transportation System

text: to take payloads from a propellant depot in low Earth orbit to higher orbits, the Moon, and other planets.

text: Robert Bussard

text: proposed the

text: single stage to orbit

text: "Aspen" vehicle using a nuclear thermal rocket for propulsion and liquid hydrogen propellant for partial shielding against neutron back scattering in the lower atmosphere. The Soviet Union studied nuclear engines for their own moon rockets, notably upper stages of the

text: Nevada Test Site

text: space race

text: ended.

text: Nonetheless, the brand was immediately known for its "no haggle" prices. The first Saturn model, the S-Series, was significantly successful. A year later, Saturn hit the Canadian market. 499,999 Saturns later, "Carla" entered the market in 1993. In May 1995, "Jasper", Saturn's Millionth car is produced. In 1996, Saturn Dealerships distributed the electric General Motors EV1, the first car released under the GM marque. In 1997, Saturn became the first General Motors North American vehicle to be fully built with right-hand-drive on the same assembly line as the left-hand-drive vehicles (the previous right-hand-drive GM North American vehicle were built in the countries with left-hand road rule using the CKD kit and customized dashboard and steering components) as it entered the Japanese market. In January 1999, Saturn rolled out its two millionth car. Later that year, Saturn began production of its all new L-Series.

text: Nonetheless, the brand was immediately known for its "no haggle" prices. The first Saturn model, the

text: S-Series

text: , was significantly successful. A year later, Saturn hit the Canadian market. 499,999 Saturns later, "Carla" entered the market in 1993. In May 1995, "Jasper", Saturn's Millionth car is produced. In 1996, Saturn Dealerships distributed the

text: electric

text: General Motors

text: , the first car released under the

text: GM

text: marque

text: . In 1997, Saturn became the first General Motors North American vehicle to be fully built with right-hand-drive on the same assembly line as the left-hand-drive vehicles (the previous right-hand-drive GM North American vehicle were built in the countries with left-hand road rule using the

text: CKD kit

text: and customized dashboard and steering components) as it entered the Japanese market. In January 1999, Saturn rolled out its two millionth car. Later that year, Saturn began production of its all new

text: L-Series

text: The planet in debilitation if found occupying its exaltation navamsa is also deemed to have attained Neechbhanga status but a study has revealed that in most cases of Neechabhanga neither Raja yoga results nor favourable results had accrued. When Albert Einstein was born Mercury was in Pisces sign in which sign it becomes debilitated. But because Mercury's dipositor, Jupiter, was in a kendra from the Moon, Mercury is itself the lord of its sign of exaltation, Venus that gets exalted in the sign of debilitation of Mercury was also exalted in a kendra, that Mercury’s debilitation got cancelled. Einstein was not blessed with Neechabhanga Raja yoga because Mercury even though occupying a kendra from the lagna in a benefic sign was itself combust. The neecha Moon gaining neechabhanga also did not give rise to Raja yoga. In the case of Lord Krishna the 9th house is formed by Capricorn, which is a bad  sign owned by Saturn, a natural malefic, and the 9th house receives the combined aspect of Saturn, Mars, Venus and Rahu, denoting a miserable bhagya, but an exalted Moon aspects Saturn and Mars, Mars has gained neechbhanga, and its dipositor, the exalted Moon, also occupies the Lagna-kendra which situation has given rise to Neechabhanga Raja yoga. In the case of Barack Obama born in Capricorn lagna occupied by Jupiter and Saturn, Jupiter gains neechabhanga and causes Neechabhanga Raja yoga; because the debilitated Jupiter occupying Capricorn, its sign of debilitation, is in the Lagna-kendra in conjunction with Saturn, the lord of Capricorn sign, wherein situated Jupiter becomes debilitated.  Vaidyanatha Dikshita in his Jataka Parijata in its Chapter VII Sloka 15 describes two unique Neechabhanga Raja yoga, he states that if Jupiter be depressed in the lagna, and the 8th bhava be occupied by a malefic planet, and if the navamsa of the 8th bhava (64th navamsa) be that of a rasi owned by that planet a king of kings is born, and in the latter Sloka 20 he states that if three or four planets in depression occupy benefic Shashtiamsas or navamsas of their several exaltation signs at the time of birth of a person, he will be the lord of the earth, eminently just and virtuous.

text: The planet in debilitation if found occupying its exaltation navamsa is also deemed to have attained Neechbhanga status but a study has revealed that in most cases of Neechabhanga neither

text: Raja yoga

text: results nor favourable results had accrued. When

text: Albert Einstein

text: was born Mercury was in Pisces sign in which sign it becomes debilitated. But because Mercury's dipositor, Jupiter, was in a kendra from the Moon, Mercury is itself the lord of its sign of exaltation, Venus that gets exalted in the sign of debilitation of Mercury was also exalted in a kendra, that Mercury’s debilitation got cancelled. Einstein was not blessed with Neechabhanga Raja yoga because Mercury even though occupying a kendra from the lagna in a benefic sign was itself combust. The neecha Moon gaining neechabhanga also did not give rise to Raja yoga. In the case of Lord

text: Krishna

text: the 9th house is formed by Capricorn, which is a bad  sign owned by Saturn, a natural malefic, and the 9th house receives the combined aspect of Saturn, Mars, Venus and Rahu, denoting a miserable bhagya, but an exalted Moon aspects Saturn and Mars, Mars has gained neechbhanga, and its dipositor, the exalted Moon, also occupies the Lagna-kendra which situation has given rise to Neechabhanga Raja yoga. In the case of

text: Barack Obama

text: born in Capricorn lagna occupied by Jupiter and Saturn, Jupiter gains neechabhanga and causes Neechabhanga Raja yoga; because the debilitated Jupiter occupying Capricorn, its sign of debilitation, is in the Lagna-kendra in conjunction with Saturn, the lord of Capricorn sign, wherein situated Jupiter becomes debilitated.

text: Vaidyanatha Dikshita

text: in his

text: Jataka Parijata

text: in its Chapter VII Sloka 15 describes two unique Neechabhanga Raja yoga, he states that if Jupiter be depressed in the lagna, and the 8th bhava be occupied by a malefic planet, and if the navamsa of the 8th bhava (64th navamsa) be that of a rasi owned by that planet a king of kings is born, and in the latter Sloka 20 he states that if three or four planets in depression occupy benefic

text: Shashtiamsa

text: s or navamsas of their several exaltation signs at the time of birth of a person, he will be the lord of the earth, eminently just and virtuous.

text: Rings of Saturn, Tate Modern, London

text: Rings of Saturn, Tate Modern, London

text: This permanent exhibit focuses on the planets within our solar system. Within this exhibit there are planetary models that are showcased in an array of sizes. Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune hang high above the second-floor, nearly 30 feet high. These four models are the largest in the country to be displayed inside a museum or science center. Jupiter, the largest of the models, weighs more than 750 pounds, has a diameter of 10 feet, and hangs approximately 22 feet in the air. Saturn is eight-and-a-half feet in diameter and weighs 450 pounds, with an additional 495 pounds of rings encircling the planet's body. Hanging more than 30 feet high, Saturn floats above Uranus and Neptune which each weigh around 65 pounds. The models are composed of heavy-duty Styrofoam which is painted to resemble each of the planets. The Solar System is completed with smaller models of Earth, Mars, Venus and Mercury mounted at the visitor's level. Created to be a scale model system, Earth is about the size as a soccer ball and Mercury measures up to a mere baseball.

text: This permanent exhibit focuses on the planets within our

text: solar system

text: . Within this exhibit there are planetary models that are showcased in an array of sizes.

text: Saturn

text: Jupiter

text: Uranus

text: and

text: Neptune

text: hang high above the second-floor, nearly 30 feet high. These four models are the largest in the country to be displayed inside a museum or science center.

text: Jupiter

text: , the largest of the models, weighs more than 750 pounds, has a diameter of 10 feet, and hangs approximately 22 feet in the air.

text: Saturn

text: is eight-and-a-half feet in diameter and weighs 450 pounds, with an additional 495 pounds of rings encircling the planet's body. Hanging more than 30 feet high,

text: Saturn

text: floats above

text: Uranus

text: and

text: Neptune

text: which each weigh around 65 pounds. The models are composed of heavy-duty Styrofoam which is painted to resemble each of the planets. The

text: Solar System

text: is completed with smaller models of

text: Earth

text: Mars

text: Venus

text: and

text: Mercury

text: mounted at the visitor's level. Created to be a scale model system,

text: Earth

text: is about the size as a soccer ball and

text: Mercury

text: measures up to a mere baseball.

text: In the mid-1980s, GM released the Saturn Concept Car. The car, which resembled the first Saturn SL, was not originally meant to start up a brand, however, GM planned to release the Saturn car under one of its brands, which, at the time, were Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac. In the late 1980s, GM changed their plan and founded Saturn as its own brand, with its first cars being the Saturn SC and Saturn SL. Production of both Saturn vehicles started in 1990 as early 1991 model year vehicles. The Saturn SW was later added for 1992. GM had plans for a sedan, a coupe, a wagon, and even a sport utility vehicle; however, Saturn's first sport utility vehicle, the Vue, did not appear until the 2002 model year.

text: In the mid-1980s,

text: GM

text: released the Saturn Concept Car. The car, which resembled the first

text: Saturn SL

text: , was not originally meant to start up a brand, however, GM planned to release the Saturn car under one of its brands, which, at the time, were

text: Buick

text: Cadillac

text: Chevrolet

text: GMC

text: Oldsmobile

text: , and

text: Pontiac

text: . In the late 1980s, GM changed their plan and founded Saturn as its own brand, with its first cars being the

text: Saturn SC

text: and

text: Saturn SL

text: . Production of both Saturn vehicles started in 1990 as early 1991

text: model year

text: vehicles. The

text: Saturn SW

text: was later added for 1992. GM had plans for a

text: sedan

text: , a

text: coupe

text: , a

text: wagon

text: , and even a

text: sport utility vehicle

text: ; however, Saturn's first

text: sport utility vehicle

text: , the

text: Vue

text: , did not appear until the 2002

text: model year

text: Saturn's rings are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the solar system, and thus have been known to exist for quite some time. Galileo Galilei first observed them in 1610, but they were not accurately described as a disk around Saturn until Christiaan Huygens did so in 1655. The rings are not a series of tiny ringlets as many think, but are more of a disk with varying density. They consist mostly of water ice and trace amounts of rock, and the particles range in size from micrometers to meters.

text: Saturn's rings are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the solar system, and thus have been known to exist for quite some time.

text: Galileo Galilei

text: first observed them in 1610, but they were not accurately described as a disk around Saturn until

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: did so in 1655. The rings are not a series of tiny ringlets as many think, but are more of a disk with varying density. They consist mostly of water ice and trace amounts of

text: rock

text: , and the particles range in size from micrometers to meters.

text: Shikoku Facula is a region of bright material on Saturn's moon Titan.

text: Shikoku Facula is a region of bright material on

text: Saturn

text: 's moon

text: Titan

text: Hati is about 6 kilometers in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20,303 Mm in 1080 days, at an inclination of 163° to the ecliptic (165° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.291. In March 2013, the synodic rotational period was measured by Cassini to about 5.5 hours. This is the fastest known rotation of all of Saturn's moons.

text: Hati is about 6 kilometers in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20,303 Mm in 1080 days, at an

text: inclination

text: of 163° to the

text: ecliptic

text: (165° to

text: Saturn

text: 's equator), in a

text: retrograde

text: direction and with an

text: eccentricity

text: of 0.291. In March 2013, the synodic rotational period was measured by

text: Cassini

text: to about 5.5 hours. This is the fastest known rotation of all of Saturn's moons.

text: The Saturn V program manager Arthur Rudolph cornered Mueller with scale models of Saturn and Minuteman. The Saturn dwarfed the Minuteman but Mueller replied, "So what?"

text: The Saturn V program manager

text: Arthur Rudolph

text: cornered Mueller with scale models of Saturn and Minuteman. The Saturn dwarfed the Minuteman but Mueller replied, "So what?"

text: Pre-Crisis the Legion first appears when Lex Luthor creates a radio to contact the future, hoping to send a message to a Legion of Super-Villains, feeling there must be an evil counterpart to the Legion of Super-Heroes. He is broken out of jail by a gun, flying belt, and force-field helmet being sent into his cell. He then meets the trio of villains, Cosmic King, Lightning Lord and Saturn Queen, who tell him of their origins. They cause trouble for Superman and finally an illusion cast by Saturn Queen succeeds in luring him to a planetoid, where a kryptonite field holds him. He is told the origins of the Legion, and sentenced to death in a parody of the way the Legion of Super-Villains voted him in, but the adult Legion of Super-Heroes appears and battles their foes. Luthor threatens to kill Superman, but Saturn Woman offers herself in his place. Superman asks for a tribute to her and is released after promising not to rescue her. He uses part of Saturn's rings to create a ring round the planetoid, causing Saturn Queen to hypnotize the villains before they can kill Saturn Woman, as it is revealed Saturn's rings somehow make the inhabitants stay good. Saturn Queen is given a fragment to make sure she stays good, and the other villains are jailed. However, they would battle Superman at other points, such as during Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?, where they aid Braniac in assaulting Superman at his Fortress of Solitude. They also kill Lana Lang, before fleeing back to the future when Superman brutally attacks Lightning Lord.

text: Pre-Crisis the Legion first appears when

text: Lex Luthor

entity_name: Superman: Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?

text: Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?

text: , where they aid Braniac in assaulting Superman at his Fortress of Solitude. They also kill Lana Lang, before fleeing back to the future when Superman brutally attacks Lightning Lord.

text: The Phoebe ring is one of the rings of Saturn. This ring is tilted 27 degrees from Saturn's equatorial plane (and the other rings). It extends from at least 128 to 207 times the radius of Saturn; Phoebe orbits the planet at an average distance of 215 Saturn radii. The ring is about 20 times as thick as the diameter of the planet. Because the ring's particles are presumed to have originated from micrometeoroid impacts on Phoebe, they should share its retrograde orbit, which is opposite to the orbital motion of the next inner moon, Iapetus. Inwardly migrating ring material would thus strike Iapetus's leading hemisphere, created its two-tone coloration. Although very large, the ring is virtually invisible—it was discovered using NASA's infrared Spitzer Space Telescope.

text: The Phoebe ring is one of the

text: rings of Saturn

text: . This ring is tilted 27 degrees from Saturn's equatorial plane (and the other rings). It extends from at least 128 to 207 times the radius of Saturn; Phoebe orbits the planet at an average distance of 215 Saturn radii. The ring is about 20 times as thick as the diameter of the planet. Because the ring's particles are presumed to have originated from

text: micrometeoroid

text: impacts on Phoebe, they should share its

text: retrograde orbit

text: , which is opposite to the orbital motion of the next inner moon,

text: Iapetus

text: . Inwardly migrating ring material would thus strike Iapetus's leading hemisphere, created its

text: two-tone coloration

text: . Although very large, the ring is virtually invisible—it was discovered using

text: NASA

text: 's

text: infrared

text: Spitzer Space Telescope

text: In September 1962, NASA planned to make four manned low Earth orbital test flights of partially equipped Block I Command/Service Modules (CSM) using the Saturn I launch vehicle, designated SA-11 through SA-14, in 1965 and 1966. However, the limited payload capability of the Saturn I compared to the uprated Saturn IB would have severely limited the systems carried, and thus the testing value of these flights. Therefore, NASA canceled these flights in October 1963, and replaced them with two manned Saturn IB missions, designated AS-204 and AS-205. These would be followed by the first unmanned flight of the Lunar Module (LM) on AS-206, then the third manned mission, designated AS-207/208, would use AS-207 to launch the crew in an improved Block II CSM, which would rendezvous and dock with the LM launched unmanned on AS-208.

text: In September 1962, NASA planned to make four manned low Earth orbital test flights of partially equipped Block I

text: Command/Service Module

text: s (CSM) using the

text: Saturn I

text: launch vehicle, designated SA-11 through SA-14, in 1965 and 1966. However, the limited payload capability of the Saturn I compared to the uprated

text: Saturn IB

text: would have severely limited the systems carried, and thus the testing value of these flights. Therefore, NASA canceled these flights in October 1963, and replaced them with two manned Saturn IB missions, designated AS-204 and AS-205. These would be followed by the first unmanned flight of the

text: Lunar Module

text: (LM) on AS-206, then the third manned mission, designated AS-207/208, would use AS-207 to launch the crew in an improved Block II CSM, which would rendezvous and dock with the LM launched unmanned on AS-208.

text: In 1675, Giovanni Domenico Cassini determined that Saturn's ring was composed of multiple smaller rings with gaps between them; the largest of these gaps was later named the Cassini Division. This division is a 4,800 km-wide region between the A Ring and B Ring.

text: In 1675,

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: determined that Saturn's ring was composed of multiple smaller rings with gaps between them; the largest of these gaps was later named the

text: Cassini Division

text: . This division is a 4,800 km-wide region between the

text: A Ring

text: and

text: B Ring

text: Those satellites which have an orbital period shorter than their planet's rotation period experience tidal deceleration, causing a very gradual spiraling in towards the planet. In the distant future these moons will impact the planet or penetrate deeply enough within their Roche limit to be tidally disrupted into fragments. The moons so affected are Metis and Adrastea at Jupiter, and the majority of the inner moons of Uranus and Neptune − out to and including Perdita and Larissa, respectively. However, none of Saturn's moons experience this effect because Saturn is a relatively very fast rotator.

text: Those satellites which have an orbital period shorter than their planet's rotation period experience

text: tidal deceleration

text: , causing a very gradual spiraling in towards the planet. In the distant future these moons will impact the planet or penetrate deeply enough within their Roche limit to be tidally disrupted into fragments. The moons so affected are

text: Metis

text: and

text: Adrastea

text: at Jupiter, and the majority of the inner moons of Uranus and Neptune − out to and including

text: Perdita

text: and

text: Larissa

text: , respectively. However, none of Saturn's moons experience this effect because Saturn is a relatively very fast rotator.

text: Besides Epimetheus, instruments located another previously undiscovered small moon and an additional ring, charted Saturn's magnetosphere and magnetic field and found its planet-size moon, Titan, to be too cold for life. Hurtling underneath the ring plane, the probe sent back pictures of Saturn's rings. The rings, which normally seem bright when observed from Earth, appeared dark in the Pioneer pictures, and the dark gaps in the rings seen from Earth appeared as bright rings.

text: Besides Epimetheus, instruments located another previously undiscovered small moon and an additional ring, charted Saturn's magnetosphere and magnetic field and found its planet-size moon,

text: Titan

text: , to be too cold for life. Hurtling underneath the ring plane, the probe sent back pictures of Saturn's rings. The rings, which normally seem bright when observed from Earth, appeared dark in the Pioneer pictures, and the dark gaps in the rings seen from Earth appeared as bright rings.

text: Solar eclipses on Saturn occur when the natural satellites of Saturn pass in front of the Sun as seen from Saturn. For bodies which appear smaller in angular diameter than the Sun, the proper term would be a transit. For bodies which are larger than the apparent size of the Sun, the proper term would be an occultation.  Seven of Saturn's satellites – Janus, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Rhea, Dione and Titan – are large enough and near enough to eclipse or occult the Sun, or in other words to cast an umbra on Saturn.  Most of the more distant satellites, besides being tiny, have orbits that are strongly inclined to the plane of Saturn's orbit, and would rarely be seen to transit.

text: Solar eclipse

text: s on

text: Saturn

text: occur when the natural

text: satellites

text: of Saturn pass in front of the

text: Sun

text: as seen from Saturn. For bodies which appear smaller in

text: angular diameter

text: than the Sun, the proper term would be a

text: transit

text: . For bodies which are larger than the apparent size of the Sun, the proper term would be an

text: occultation

text: .  Seven of Saturn's satellites –

text: Janus

text: Mimas

text: Enceladus

text: Tethys

text: Rhea

text: Dione

text: and

text: Titan

text: – are large enough and near enough to eclipse or occult the Sun, or in other words to cast an

text: umbra

text: on Saturn.  Most of the more distant satellites, besides being tiny, have orbits that are strongly inclined to the plane of Saturn's orbit, and would rarely be seen to transit.

text: The Saturn Award

text: The Saturn Award

text: When Copernicus placed Earth among the planets, he also placed the Moon in orbit around Earth, making the Moon the first natural satellite to be identified. When Galileo discovered his four satellites of Jupiter in 1610, they lent weight to Copernicus's argument, because if other planets could have satellites, then Earth could too. However, there remained some confusion as to whether these objects were "planets"; Galileo referred to them as "four planets flying around the star of Jupiter at unequal intervals and periods with wonderful swiftness." Similarly, Christiaan Huygens, upon discovering Saturn's largest moon Titan in 1655, employed many terms to describe it, including "planeta" (planet), "stella" (star), "luna" (moon), and the more modern "satellite" (attendant). Giovanni Cassini, in announcing his discovery of Saturn's moons Iapetus and Rhea in 1671 and 1672, described them as Nouvelles Planetes autour de Saturne ("New planets around Saturn"). However, when the "Journal de Scavans" reported Cassini's discovery of two new Saturnian moons in 1686, it referred to them strictly as "satellites", though sometimes Saturn as the "primary planet". When William Herschel announced his discovery of two objects in orbit around Uranus in 1787, he referred to them as "satellites" and "secondary planets". All subsequent reports of natural satellite discoveries used the term "satellite" exclusively, though the 1868 book "Smith's Illustrated Astronomy" referred to satellites as "secondary planets".

text: When Copernicus placed Earth among the planets, he also placed the Moon in orbit around Earth, making the Moon the first

text: natural satellite

text: to be identified. When

text: Galileo

text: discovered his four

text: satellites

text: of Jupiter in 1610, they lent weight to Copernicus's argument, because if other planets could have satellites, then Earth could too. However, there remained some confusion as to whether these objects were "planets"; Galileo referred to them as "four planets flying around the star of Jupiter at unequal intervals and periods with wonderful swiftness." Similarly,

text: Christiaan Huygens

text: , upon discovering Saturn's largest moon

text: Titan

text: in 1655, employed many terms to describe it, including "planeta" (planet), "stella" (star), "luna" (moon), and the more modern "satellite" (attendant).

text: Giovanni Cassini

text: , in announcing his discovery of Saturn's moons

text: Iapetus

text: and

text: Rhea

text: in 1671 and 1672, described them as Nouvelles Planetes autour de Saturne ("New planets around Saturn"). However, when the "Journal de Scavans" reported Cassini's discovery of two new Saturnian moons in 1686, it referred to them strictly as "satellites", though sometimes Saturn as the "primary planet". When William Herschel announced his discovery of two objects in orbit around Uranus in 1787, he referred to them as "satellites" and "secondary planets". All subsequent reports of natural satellite discoveries used the term "satellite" exclusively, though the 1868 book "Smith's Illustrated Astronomy" referred to satellites as "secondary planets".

text: Source: Car and Driverhttp://media.caranddriver.com/files/2007-saturn-sky2007-saturn-sky-specs.pdf

text: After a record-breaking 13-year mission observing Saturn, its rings and moons, the Cassini space probe will be deliberately destroyed by plunging into Saturn's atmosphere, a maneuver currently scheduled for September 15, 2017.

text: After a record-breaking 13-year mission observing

text: Saturn

text: , its

text: rings

text: and

text: moons

text: , the

text: Cassini space probe

text: will be deliberately destroyed by plunging into Saturn's atmosphere, a maneuver currently scheduled for September 15, 2017.

text: Occurring in its purest form, and with the yoga-causing planets remaining unafflicted and vested with maximum Shadbala,  Akhanda Samrajya yoga gives the results of a very powerful Raja yoga; planets vested with moderate strength and causing this yoga will only make one wealthy,  prosperous, hold a high rank or position or be politically powerful. Sita, Lord Rama’s wife, was born in a strong Akhanda Samrajya yoga. This yoga occurring with the participating planets weak and afflicted does not confer its ascribed favourable results.   A person born in Aquarius Ascendant with the Moon posited therein, Rahu in 4th, Saturn in 6th, Venus, Jupiter and Ketu combining in the 10th and the Sun, Mercury and Mars in the 12th house, was blessed with the favourable Gajakesari yoga, the Amla yoga and the Akhanda Samrajya yoga but the assigned benefic results of these yogas were not at all experienced by this native. The Natal Moon participating in the formation of these three yogas was not strong and was heavily afflicted owing to the adverse mutual exchange of signs between the lord of the Ascendant and the lord of the 6th house with neither a benefic planet nor the lord of the Ascendant aspecting the Ascendant occupied by the Moon. The evil Dainya yoga caused by mutual exchange of signs by Saturn and the Moon destroyed all good yogas.

text: Occurring in its purest form, and with the yoga-causing planets remaining unafflicted and vested with maximum Shadbala,  Akhanda Samrajya yoga gives the results of a very powerful Raja yoga; planets vested with moderate strength and causing this yoga will only make one wealthy,  prosperous, hold a high rank or position or be politically powerful.

text: Sita

text: , Lord

text: Rama

text: ’s wife, was born in a strong Akhanda Samrajya yoga. This yoga occurring with the participating planets weak and afflicted does not confer its ascribed favourable results.   A person born in Aquarius Ascendant with the Moon posited therein, Rahu in 4th, Saturn in 6th, Venus, Jupiter and Ketu combining in the 10th and the Sun, Mercury and Mars in the 12th house, was blessed with the favourable Gajakesari yoga, the Amla yoga and the Akhanda Samrajya yoga but the assigned benefic results of these yogas were not at all experienced by this native. The Natal Moon participating in the formation of these three yogas was not strong and was heavily afflicted owing to the adverse mutual exchange of signs between the lord of the Ascendant and the lord of the 6th house with neither a benefic planet nor the lord of the Ascendant aspecting the Ascendant occupied by the Moon. The evil

text: Dainya yoga

text: caused by mutual exchange of signs by Saturn and the Moon destroyed all good yogas.

text: The news that the PC-98 edition would be ported to Saturn was reported by several magazines including Sega Saturn Magazine, Dengenki Saturn, and Famitsu. Sega Saturn Magazine included a 4-page feature on YU-NO. Sales reports of the Sega Saturn edition range from 139,509 to 240,820 copies sold.

text: The news that the PC-98 edition would be ported to Saturn was reported by several magazines including Sega Saturn Magazine, Dengenki Saturn, and

text: Famitsu

text: . Sega Saturn Magazine included a 4-page feature on YU-NO. Sales reports of the Sega Saturn edition range from 139,509 to 240,820 copies sold.

text: The Atlas rocket became a very reliable booster for launching of satellites and continued to evolve, remaining in use into the 21st century, when combined with the Centaur upper stage to form the Atlas-Centaur rocket for launching geosynchronous communication satellites and space probes. The Centaur rocket was also designed, developed, and produced by Convair, and it was the first widely used outer space rocket to use the all-cryogenic fuel-oxidizer combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The use of this liquid hydrogen – liquid oxygen combination in the Centaur was an important direct precursor to the use of the same fuel-oxidizer combination in the Saturn S-II second stage and the Saturn S-IVB third stage of the gigantic Saturn V moon rocket of the Apollo project. The S-IVB had earlier also been used as the second stage of the smaller Saturn IB rocket, such as the one which was used to launch Apollo 7. The Centaur upper stage was first designed and developed for launching the Surveyor lunar landers, beginning in 1966, to augment the delta-V of the Atlas rockets and give them enough payload capability to deliver the required mass of the Surveyors to the Moon.

text: The

text: Atlas rocket

text: became a very reliable booster for launching of satellites and continued to evolve, remaining in use into the 21st century, when combined with the

text: Centaur

text: upper stage to form the

text: Atlas-Centaur

text: rocket for launching geosynchronous

text: communication satellite

text: s and space probes. The Centaur rocket was also designed, developed, and produced by Convair, and it was the first widely used outer space rocket to use the all-

text: cryogenic

text: fuel-oxidizer combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The use of this liquid hydrogen – liquid oxygen combination in the Centaur was an important direct precursor to the use of the same fuel-oxidizer combination in the Saturn

text: S-II

text: second stage and the Saturn

text: S-IVB

text: third stage of the gigantic

text: Saturn V

text: moon rocket of the

text: Apollo project

text: . The S-IVB had earlier also been used as the second stage of the smaller

text: Saturn IB

text: rocket, such as the one which was used to launch

text: Apollo 7

text: . The Centaur upper stage was first designed and developed for launching the

text: Surveyor

text: lunar landers, beginning in 1966, to augment the delta-V of the Atlas rockets and give them enough payload capability to deliver the required mass of the Surveyors to the Moon.

text: Her career as a villain took a turn for infamy when she and her associates formed an alliance with Lex Luthor to kill Superman, Luthor's greatest foe. The adult Legion of Super-Heroes appeared to battle the Villains, and when Luthor threatened to kill Superman Saturn Woman offered to die in his place. Superman asked to be released so he could give a tribute to her, and promised not to save her. It was revealed that Saturn's rings gave off energies that prevented criminal traits. Superman formed an artificial ring from Saturnian ring fragments, causing Saturn Queen to defeat Cosmic King, Lightning Lord, and Lex Luthor using her mental powers. A fragment of the rings is given to her to make her remain good, while the other supervillains are imprisoned. Superman says future law courts should be lenient on her.

text: Her career as a villain took a turn for infamy when she and her associates formed an alliance with

text: Lex Luthor

text: to kill Superman, Luthor's greatest foe. The adult Legion of Super-Heroes appeared to battle the Villains, and when Luthor threatened to kill Superman Saturn Woman offered to die in his place. Superman asked to be released so he could give a tribute to her, and promised not to save her. It was revealed that Saturn's rings gave off energies that prevented criminal traits. Superman formed an artificial ring from Saturnian ring fragments, causing Saturn Queen to defeat Cosmic King, Lightning Lord, and Lex Luthor using her mental powers. A fragment of the rings is given to her to make her remain good, while the other supervillains are imprisoned. Superman says future law courts should be lenient on her.

text: At the beginning of this section, it is revealed that the character/narrator Saturn is a pseudonym for author Salvador Plasciencia, and that he has given up on the novel after his girlfriend Liz leaves him for another man due to his obsessive war with Federico de la Fe and the EMF (a loose parallel to Merced leaving Federico). Much of this section looks at the Saturn/Plasciencia's personal life, including his attempts to communicate with Liz and his later relationship with Cameroon, a woman who gives herself bee-stings (much like Federico de la Fe burns himself). The chapter also discusses Saturn/Plasciencia's great-grandfather Don Victoriano, who is described as also being the ancestor of the people of Las Tortugas and of Antonio the origami surgeon. Other characters include Cameroon's long-lost father, Jonathan Mead, who is nervously preparing to call her for the first time in years; hoteliers Natalia and Quinones Hernandez, who run a honeymooners-only hotel that Saturn/Plasciencia and Cameroon fraudulently check into; and Ralph and Elisa Landin, who are financially supporting the writing of the novel, even though Saturn/Plasciencia uses much of the money for non-authorial expenses.

text: The brightness and purity of the water ice in Saturn's rings has been cited as evidence that the rings are much younger than Saturn, perhaps just 100 million years old, as the infall of meteoric dust would have led to darkening of the rings. However, new research indicates that the B Ring may be massive enough to have diluted infalling material and thus avoided substantial darkening over the age of the Solar System. Ring material may be recycled as clumps form within the rings and are then disrupted by impacts. This would explain the apparent youth of some of the material within the rings. Further evidence supporting a young ring theory has been gathered by researchers analyzing data from the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper, which focused on analyzing the proportion of rocky silicates contained within the C ring.

text: The brightness and purity of the water ice in Saturn's rings has been cited as evidence that the rings are much younger than Saturn, perhaps just 100 million years old, as the infall of meteoric dust would have led to darkening of the rings. However, new research indicates that the B Ring may be massive enough to have diluted infalling material and thus avoided substantial darkening over the age of the Solar System. Ring material may be recycled as clumps form within the rings and are then disrupted by impacts. This would explain the apparent youth of some of the material within the rings. Further evidence supporting a young ring theory has been gathered by researchers analyzing data from the

text: Cassini Titan Radar Mapper

text: , which focused on analyzing the proportion of rocky silicates contained within the C ring.

text: The choices for the 2013 tour were Abiotic, As They Burn, Dark Sermon, Erra, Fit For An Autopsy, Howl, Intervals, Into the Flood, King Conquer, Last Chance To Reason, My Bitter End, Nekrogoblikon, Rings Of Saturn, Syqem, Soreption, Today I Caught the Plague, and Thy Art Is Murder. Thy Art Is Murder was the chosen band, however since they were nearly tied with Rings of Saturn by a few votes, so the organizers decided to put both Rings Of Saturn and Thy Art Is Murder on the bill. Vektor were put on the initial ballot by their record label without the band's knowledge or approval, and upon discovering it had to withdraw due to incompatible scheduling. The Slaughter Survivors Tour didn't occur this year, and didn't return in 2014 either.

text: The choices for the 2013 tour were

text: Abiotic

text: As They Burn

text: Dark Sermon

text: Erra

text: Fit For An Autopsy

text: Howl

text: Intervals

text: Into the Flood

text: King Conquer

text: Last Chance To Reason

text: My Bitter End

text: Nekrogoblikon

text: Rings Of Saturn

text: Syqem

text: Soreption

text: Today I Caught the Plague

text: , and

text: Thy Art Is Murder

text: . Thy Art Is Murder was the chosen band, however since they were nearly tied with Rings of Saturn by a few votes, so the organizers decided to put both

text: Rings Of Saturn

text: and

text: Thy Art Is Murder

text: on the bill.

text: Vektor

text: were put on the initial ballot by their record label without the band's knowledge or approval, and upon discovering it had to withdraw due to incompatible scheduling. The Slaughter Survivors Tour didn't occur this year, and didn't return in 2014 either.

text: The Saturn ION was a compact car sold by Saturn between the 2003 and 2007 model years. It used the GM Delta platform. The Ion replaced the Saturn S-Series in 2002,and was replaced by the new Saturn Astra in 2008.  As of 2006, the Ion was the longest compact car sold in North America. Production and sales of the ION both ended in March 2007.

text: The Saturn ION was a

text: compact car

text: sold by

text: Saturn

text: between the 2003 and 2007 model years. It used the

text: GM Delta platform

text: . The Ion replaced the

text: Saturn S-Series

text: in 2002,and was replaced by the new

text: Saturn Astra

text: in 2008.  As of 2006, the Ion was the longest

text: compact car

text: sold in

text: North America

text: . Production and sales of the ION both ended in March 2007.

text: [[File:Strange Adventures 142.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Strange Adventures #142, artist Murphy Anderson]]The Faceless Hunters first come to public attention in 1961 after one of them, Klee Pan, is intercepted trying to steal major world sculptures such as the Mount Rushmore heads and the Easter Island statues. Oregon Highway Patrolmen Bob Colby and Jim Boone are assigned to Mount Rushmore, and confront Klee Pan, who explains that he  'comes from Klaramar - a world revolving within an atom on the planet Saturn'  and he is looking for a stone face left on Earth millennia ago which can help prevent Saturn exploding. He reveals that an evil Faceless Hunter, Chun Yull, has planted an 'ultimate energy time-bomb' and threatened to detonate it unless he is made supreme ruler, but died giving no clues as to where the face, which can defuse the bomb, was hidden. Boone deduces that the face is on The Moon, and Klee Pan takes Colby and Boone there and then to Saturn - after cutting the face from the Moon's surface. When the face is destroyed by a trap set by Chun Yull, the patrolmen help reconstruct it (using an astronomy book Boone happens to have had in the patrol car), disarm the bomb and save the planet. The Faceless Hunters replace the face on the Moon in gratitude, and Klee Pan gives both men telepathic abilities.

text: [[File:Strange Adventures 142.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Strange Adventures #142, artist

text: Murphy Anderson

text: ]]The Faceless Hunters first come to public attention in 1961 after one of them, Klee Pan, is intercepted trying to steal major world sculptures such as the

text: Mount Rushmore

text: heads and the

text: Easter Island

text: statues.

text: Oregon

text: Highway Patrolmen

text: Bob Colby and Jim Boone are assigned to Mount Rushmore, and confront Klee Pan, who explains that he  'comes from Klaramar - a world revolving within an atom on the planet

text: Saturn

text: '  and he is looking for a stone face left on Earth millennia ago which can help prevent Saturn exploding. He reveals that an evil Faceless Hunter, Chun Yull, has planted an 'ultimate energy time-bomb' and threatened to detonate it unless he is made supreme ruler, but died giving no clues as to where the face, which can defuse the bomb, was hidden. Boone deduces that the face is on

text: The Moon

text: , and Klee Pan takes Colby and Boone there and then to Saturn - after cutting the face from the Moon's surface. When the face is destroyed by a trap set by Chun Yull, the patrolmen help reconstruct it (using an

text: astronomy

text: book Boone happens to have had in the patrol car), disarm the bomb and save the planet. The Faceless Hunters replace the face on the Moon in gratitude, and Klee Pan gives both men telepathic abilities.

text: S/2009 S 1 is a 'propeller moonlet' of Saturn orbiting at a distance of approximately , in the outer part of Saturn's B Ring, and with an approximate diameter of . It was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Team on 26 July 2009. The moonlet was noticed during the 2009 equinox event by an approximately 36-kilometer-long shadow that it cast on Saturn's B ring. S/2009 S 1 protrudes approximately  above the ring. The image was taken approximately  from Saturn.

text: S/2009 S 1 is a '

text: propeller moonlet

text: ' of

text: Saturn

text: orbiting at a distance of approximately , in the outer part of Saturn's

text: B Ring

text: , and with an approximate

text: diameter

text: of . It was discovered by the

text: Cassini Imaging Team

text: on 26 July 2009. The moonlet was noticed during the 2009

text: equinox

text: event by an approximately 36-kilometer-long shadow that it cast on Saturn's B ring. S/2009 S 1 protrudes approximately  above the ring. The image was taken approximately  from Saturn.

text: The situation for the Italian troops along the Don River remained stable until the Soviets launched Operation Saturn on 11 December 1942. The aim of this operation was the annihilation of the Italian, Hungarian, Romanian, and German positions along the Don River. The first stage of Operation Saturn was known as Operation Little Saturn. The aim of this operation was the complete annihilation of the Italian 8th Army.

text: The situation for the Italian troops along the Don River remained stable until the Soviets launched

text: Operation Saturn

text: on 11 December 1942. The aim of this operation was the annihilation of the Italian, Hungarian, Romanian, and German positions along the Don River. The first stage of Operation Saturn was known as Operation Little Saturn. The aim of this operation was the complete annihilation of the Italian 8th Army.

text: Saturn Queen is a beautiful redhead from the planet Saturn from the thirty-first century, and like Saturn Girl she is a telepath from Saturn's moon Titan. She debuted alongside her villainous compatriots in the Legion of Super-Villains. A confident and aloof personality, she deems her motives for evil as just something she happened to pick up.

text: Saturn Queen is a beautiful redhead from the planet

text: Saturn

text: from the thirty-first century, and like

text: Saturn Girl

text: she is a telepath from Saturn's moon

text: Titan

text: . She debuted alongside her villainous compatriots in the

text: Legion of Super-Villains

text: . A confident and aloof personality, she deems her motives for evil as just something she happened to pick up.

text: In 1847 the seven then known moons of Saturn were named by John Herschel. Herschel named Saturn's two innermost moons (Mimas and Enceladus) after the mythological Greek Giants, and the outer five after the Titans (Titan, Iapetus) and Titanesses (Tethys, Dione, Rhea) of the same mythology. Until then, Titan was known as the "Huygenian (or Huyghenian) satellite of Saturn" and the other moons had Roman numeral designations in order of their distance from Saturn. Subsequent discoverers of Saturnian moons followed Herschel's scheme: Hyperion was discovered soon after in 1848, and the ninth moon, Phoebe, was named by its discoverer in 1899 soon after its discovery; they were named for a Titan and a Titaness respectively. The name of Janus was suggested by its discoverer, Audouin Dollfus.

text: In 1847 the seven then known moons of

text: Saturn

text: were named by

text: John Herschel

text: . Herschel named Saturn's two innermost moons (Mimas and Enceladus) after the mythological Greek

text: Giants

text: , and the outer five after the

text: Titan

text: s (Titan, Iapetus) and Titanesses (Tethys, Dione, Rhea) of the same mythology. Until then,

text: Titan

text: was known as the "Huygenian (or Huyghenian) satellite of Saturn" and the other moons had Roman numeral designations in order of their distance from Saturn. Subsequent discoverers of Saturnian moons followed Herschel's scheme:

text: Hyperion

text: was discovered soon after in 1848, and the ninth moon,

text: Phoebe

text: , was named by its discoverer in 1899 soon after its discovery; they were named for a Titan and a Titaness respectively. The name of

text: Janus

text: was suggested by its discoverer,

text: Audouin Dollfus

text: In 1990, using ten-year-old Voyager data, Showalter discovered Pan, the eighteenth and innermost moon of Saturn. It orbits within and keeps open the Encke Gap in Saturn's rings via shepherding.

text: In 1990, using ten-year-old

text: Voyager

text: data, Showalter discovered

text: Pan

text: , the eighteenth and innermost

text: moon

text: of Saturn. It orbits within and keeps open the

text: Encke Gap

text: in Saturn's rings via shepherding.

text: The NPO Saturn AL-32M is a turbofan engine based on the Lyulka/Saturn AL-31F and  Saturn AL-41F-1 jet engines. It is proposed to be used on the Tupolev Tu-444 supersonic business jet.

text: The NPO Saturn AL-32M is a

text: turbofan

text: engine based on the

text: Lyulka/Saturn AL-31F

text: and

text: Saturn AL-41F-1

text: jet engines. It is proposed to be used on the

text: Tupolev

text: supersonic business jet.

text: Fenrir is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 22,454 Mm in 1260 days, at an inclination of 163° to the ecliptic (143° to Saturn's equator) with an eccentricity of 0.136. The Fenrian orbit is retrograde: it orbits Saturn in a direction opposite to the planet's spin, suggesting that this irregular moon was captured by Saturn.

text: Fenrir is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 22,454 Mm in 1260 days, at an

text: inclination

text: of 163° to the

text: ecliptic

text: (143° to Saturn's equator) with an

text: eccentricity

text: of 0.136. The Fenrian orbit is

text: retrograde

text: : it orbits Saturn in a direction opposite to the planet's spin, suggesting that this

text: irregular moon

text: was captured by Saturn.

text: The Space Odyssey series combines several science-fiction narrative conventions with a metaphysical tone. Since the stories and settings in the books and films all diverge, Clarke suggested that the "continuity" of the series represents happenings in a set of parallel universes. One notable example is that in the 2001 novel, the voyage was to the planet Saturn. During production of the film, it was decided that the special effects for Saturn's rings would be too expensive, so the voyage in the film is to Jupiter instead. The second book, 2010, retcons the storyline of the first book to make the destination Jupiter as seen in the film.

text: The Space Odyssey series combines several science-fiction narrative conventions with a

text: metaphysical

text: tone. Since the stories and settings in the books and films all diverge, Clarke suggested that the "continuity" of the series represents happenings in a set of

text: parallel universes

text: . One notable example is that in the 2001 novel, the voyage was to the planet Saturn. During production of the film, it was decided that the special effects for Saturn's rings would be too expensive, so the voyage in the film is to Jupiter instead. The second book, 2010,

text: retcons

text: the storyline of the first book to make the destination Jupiter as seen in the film.

text: Dione (; ) is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Italian astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1684. It is named after the Titaness Dione of Greek mythology. It is also designated Saturn IV.

text: Dione (; ) is a

text: moon of Saturn

text: . It was discovered by Italian astronomer

text: Giovanni Domenico Cassini

text: in 1684. It is named after the

text: Titaness

text: Dione

text: of

text: Greek mythology

text: . It is also designated Saturn IV.

text: The fourth match was between Ernest Miller (accompanied by Sonny Onoo) and Perry Saturn. The match started back and forth. Saturn had the early advantage until Miller performed an eye rake, and choked Saturn. Miller performed a superkick, but Saturn fought back with suplexes. After Saturn missed an axe handle, Miller fought back with kicks, and held Saturn for Onoo to attack him. Onoo accidentally kicked Miller, and Miller kicked Onoo. Saturn then pinned Miller after a Death Valley driver to win the match.

text: The fourth match was between

text: Ernest Miller

text: (accompanied by

text: Sonny Onoo

text: ) and

text: Perry Saturn

text: . The match started back and forth. Saturn had the early advantage until Miller performed an

text: eye rake

text: , and choked Saturn. Miller performed a

text: superkick

text: , but Saturn fought back with

text: suplex

text: es. After Saturn missed an

text: axe handle

text: , Miller fought back with kicks, and held Saturn for Onoo to attack him. Onoo accidentally kicked Miller, and Miller kicked Onoo. Saturn then pinned Miller after a

text: Death Valley driver

text: to win the match.

text: Saturn's reserve squad played professionally as FC Saturn-2 Ramenskoye in the Russian Second Division in 1999 and 2000. A separate farm club called FC Saturn-2 Moscow Oblast played in the Russian Second Division from 2009 to 2012.

text: Saturn's reserve squad played professionally as FC Saturn-2 Ramenskoye in the

text: Russian Second Division

text: in 1999 and 2000. A separate farm club called

text: FC Saturn-2 Moscow Oblast

text: played in the

text: Russian Second Division

text: from 2009 to 2012.

text: Unlike trojan minor planets that share the orbit with a planet, a trojan moon is a moon orbiting near the trojan point of another, larger moon. All known trojan moons are part of the Saturn system. Telesto and Calypso are trojans of Tethys, and Helene and Polydeuces of Dione. There is also a theoretical concept of a trojan planet, a planet that orbits at the trojan point of another, larger planet. Such a pair of co-orbital exoplanets was already thought to exist in another star system, but this claim was later retracted.

text: Unlike trojan minor planets that share the orbit with a planet, a

text: trojan moon

text: is a moon orbiting near the trojan point of another, larger moon. All known trojan moons are part of the

text: Saturn system

text: Telesto

text: and

text: Calypso

text: are trojans of

text: Tethys

text: , and

text: Helene

text: and

text: Polydeuces

text: of

text: Dione

text: . There is also a theoretical concept of a

text: trojan planet

text: , a planet that orbits at the trojan point of another, larger planet. Such a pair of co-orbital exoplanets was already thought to exist in another

text: star system

text: , but this claim was later retracted.

text: Hyperion (; Greek: Ὑπερίων), also known as Saturn VII (7), is a moon of Saturn discovered by William Cranch Bond, George Phillips Bond and William Lassell in 1848. It is distinguished by its irregular shape, its chaotic rotation, and its unexplained sponge-like appearance. It was the first non-round moon to be discovered.

text: Hyperion (; Greek: Ὑπερίων), also known as Saturn VII (7), is a

text: moon of Saturn

text: discovered by

text: William Cranch Bond

text: George Phillips Bond

text: and

text: William Lassell

text: in 1848. It is distinguished by its irregular shape, its chaotic rotation, and its unexplained sponge-like appearance. It was the first non-

text: round

text: moon to be discovered.

text: Until 1980, the structure of the rings of Saturn was explained as being caused exclusively by the action of gravitational forces. Then images from the Voyager spacecraft showed radial features in the B ring, known as spokes, which could not be explained in this manner, as their persistence and rotation around the rings was not consistent with gravitational orbital mechanics. The spokes appear dark in backscattered light, and bright in forward-scattered light (see images in gallery); the transition occurs at a phase angle near 60°. The leading theory regarding the spokes' composition is that they consist of microscopic dust particles suspended away from the main ring by electrostatic repulsion, as they rotate almost synchronously with the magnetosphere of Saturn. The precise mechanism generating the spokes is still unknown, although it has been suggested that the electrical disturbances might be caused by either lightning bolts in Saturn's atmosphere or micrometeoroid impacts on the rings.

text: Until 1980, the structure of the rings of Saturn was explained as being caused exclusively by the action of

text: gravitation

text: al forces. Then images from the Voyager spacecraft showed radial features in the

text: B ring

text: , known as spokes, which could not be explained in this manner, as their persistence and rotation around the rings was not consistent with gravitational

text: orbital mechanics

text: . The spokes appear dark in

text: backscatter

text: ed light, and bright in

text: forward-scattered

text: light (see images in

text: gallery

text: ); the transition occurs at a

text: phase angle

text: near 60

text: . The leading theory regarding the spokes' composition is that they consist of

text: microscopic

text: dust particles suspended away from the main ring by

text: electrostatic

text: repulsion, as they rotate almost

text: synchronously

text: with the

text: magnetosphere

text: of Saturn. The precise mechanism generating the spokes is still unknown, although it has been suggested that the electrical disturbances might be caused by either

text: lightning

text: bolts in Saturn's

text: atmosphere

text: or

text: micrometeoroid

text: impacts on the rings.

text: The Saturn V-3, also known as the Saturn MLV 5-3, was a conceptual heavy-lift launch vehicle that would have utilized new engines and new stages that were never used on the original Saturn V. The Saturn V-3 was studied by the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in 1965.

text: The Saturn V-3, also known as the

text: Saturn MLV 5-3

text: , was a conceptual heavy-lift

text: launch vehicle

text: that would have utilized new engines and new stages that were never used on the original

text: Saturn V

text: . The Saturn V-3 was studied by the

text: NASA

text: Marshall Space Flight Center

text: in 1965.

text: The pay-per-view event featured the annual King of the Ring single elimination bracket tournament. The qualification for the tournament started on the June 4, 2001 episode of Raw is War, with Jeff Hardy and Rhyno defeating Matt Hardy and Tazz respectively. The qualification continued on the June 7 episode of SmackDown, as Kurt Angle defeated Hardcore Holly and Edge defeated Test. On the June 11 episode of Raw is War, Christian and Perry Saturn defeated Kane and Steve Blackman in respective matches to qualify for the tournament. On the June 14 episode of SmackDown, qualification ended as Big Show defeated Raven and Tajiri defeated Crash Holly. On the June 18 episode of Raw is War, the quarterfinal round occurred as Kurt Angle defeated Jeff Hardy, Rhyno defeated Tajiri, Edge defeated Perry Saturn and Christian defeated Big Show.

text: The pay-per-view event featured the annual King of the Ring

text: single elimination bracket tournament

text: . The qualification for the tournament started on the June 4, 2001 episode of Raw is War, with

text: Jeff Hardy

text: and

text: Rhyno

text: defeating

text: Matt Hardy

text: and

text: Tazz

text: respectively. The qualification continued on the June 7 episode of SmackDown, as

text: Kurt Angle

text: defeated

text: Hardcore Holly

text: and

text: Edge

text: defeated

text: Test

text: . On the June 11 episode of Raw is War,

text: Christian

text: and

text: Perry Saturn

text: defeated

text: Kane

text: and

text: Steve Blackman

text: in respective matches to qualify for the tournament. On the June 14 episode of SmackDown, qualification ended as

text: Big Show

text: defeated

text: Raven

text: and

text: Tajiri

text: defeated

text: Crash Holly

text: . On the June 18 episode of Raw is War, the quarterfinal round occurred as Kurt Angle defeated Jeff Hardy, Rhyno defeated Tajiri, Edge defeated Perry Saturn and Christian defeated Big Show.

text: Beginning in 1998, Saturn began feuding with Glacier after Saturn's usage of the Super Kick offended Glacier, who deemed it a plagiarism of his Cryonic Kick finisher. Later in the year, Saturn was defeated by fellow Flock member Van Hammer in a "Loser Leaves The Flock" match. However, Raven opted to throw Hammer out of the Flock instead. Problems began to arise between Raven and Saturn, and the latter eventually left The Flock, turning face by standing up to the domineering Raven. Raven held all the other Flock members in thrall, so Saturn challenged him to match for the September 13 Fall Brawl pay-per-view. If Saturn won, The Flock would be freed, but if Raven won, Saturn would become his slave.

text: Beginning in 1998, Saturn began feuding with

text: Glacier

text: after Saturn's usage of the Super Kick offended Glacier, who deemed it a plagiarism of his Cryonic Kick finisher. Later in the year, Saturn was defeated by fellow Flock member

text: Van Hammer

text: in a "Loser Leaves The Flock" match. However, Raven opted to throw Hammer out of the Flock instead. Problems began to arise between Raven and Saturn, and the latter eventually left The Flock,

text: turning

text: face

text: by standing up to the domineering Raven. Raven held all the other Flock members in thrall, so Saturn challenged him to match for the September 13

text: Fall Brawl

text: pay-per-view

text: . If Saturn won, The Flock would be freed, but if Raven won, Saturn would become his slave.

text: It should not be confused with Saturn's moon Rhea.

text: It should not be confused with

text: Saturn

text: 's moon

text: Rhea

text: Throughout her career Jaray has used writing as a way to reflect upon her work. However, from the mid-nineties Jaray started increasingly to write about other artists’ work. Several of these pieces have appeared as catalogue essays for exhibitions and on BBC Radio 3’s The Essay. In 2001 Jaray collaborated with the German writer W.G. Sebald to realise an exhibition and book. FROM THE RINGS OF SATURN AND VERTIGO at Purdy Hicks Gallery, London presented sixteen pairings of Jaray’s visual response to fragments from Sebald’s novels The Rings of Saturn and Vertigo. Later that year twenty-three of the writer’s micropoems were brought together with Jaray’s paintings in For Years Now. It was published by Short Books in London shortly before Sebald’s death in December that year. A selection of Jaray’s essays and reflections on art and life were collected in Painting: Mysteries & Confessions published in 2010 by Lenz Books. In 1995 Jaray was made Honorary Fellow of the RIBA (Royal Institute for British Architects) for her contribution to urban design. In 2010 Jaray was elected Royal Academician. She lives and works in London.

text: Throughout her career Jaray has used writing as a way to reflect upon her work. However, from the mid-nineties Jaray started increasingly to write about other artists’ work. Several of these pieces have appeared as catalogue essays for exhibitions and on

text: BBC Radio 3

text: ’s The Essay. In 2001 Jaray collaborated with the German writer

text: W.G. Sebald

text: to realise an exhibition and book. FROM THE RINGS OF SATURN AND VERTIGO at Purdy Hicks Gallery, London presented sixteen pairings of Jaray’s visual response to fragments from Sebald’s novels

text: The Rings of Saturn

text: and

text: Vertigo

text: . Later that year twenty-three of the writer’s micropoems were brought together with Jaray’s paintings in For Years Now. It was published by Short Books in London shortly before Sebald’s death in December that year. A selection of Jaray’s essays and reflections on art and life were collected in Painting: Mysteries & Confessions published in 2010 by Lenz Books. In 1995 Jaray was made Honorary Fellow of the RIBA (Royal Institute for British Architects) for her contribution to urban design. In 2010 Jaray was elected Royal Academician. She lives and works in London.

text: Saturn's moons would not look particularly impressive in its sky, as most are fairly small, and the largest are a long way from the planet. Even Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, appears only half the size of Earth's moon, and only grows as bright as −7. In fact, Titan is the dimmest of Saturn's moons due to its great distance and low albedo; Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea are all brighter, at magnitudes −7.8, −7.9, −8.8, −8, and −7.8, respectively. Here are the approximate angular diameters of the main moons (for comparison, Earth's moon has an average angular diameter of 31′): Mimas: 7–11′, Enceladus: 7–9′, Tethys: 12–15′, Dione: 10–12′, Rhea: 8–11′, Titan: 14–15′, Iapetus: 1′. Most of the inner moons would appear as bright, starlike points (with the exception of Janus, which would appear 7 arcseconds across at its zenith), although most would shine brighter than any star; for example, Janus and Epimetheus would both shine as bright as magnitude −6. Meanwhile, none of the outer moons would be visible except Phoebe, which nears the naked eye limit (6.2–6.6) even at full phase.

text: Saturn's moons would not look particularly impressive in its sky, as most are fairly small, and the largest are a long way from the planet. Even

text: Titan

text: , the largest moon of Saturn, appears only half the size of Earth's moon, and only grows as bright as −7. In fact, Titan is the dimmest of Saturn's moons due to its great distance and low albedo; Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea are all brighter, at magnitudes −7.8, −7.9, −8.8, −8, and −7.8, respectively. Here are the approximate

text: angular diameter

text: s of the main moons (for comparison, Earth's moon has an average angular diameter of 31′): Mimas: 7–11′, Enceladus: 7–9′, Tethys: 12–15′, Dione: 10–12′, Rhea: 8–11′, Titan: 14–15′, Iapetus: 1′. Most of the inner moons would appear as bright, starlike points (with the exception of

text: Janus

text: , which would appear 7 arcseconds across at its zenith), although most would shine brighter than any star; for example, Janus and Epimetheus would both shine as bright as magnitude −6. Meanwhile, none of the outer moons would be visible except Phoebe, which nears the naked eye limit (6.2–6.6) even at full phase.

text: The architects on the project were David-Barott-Boulva. The chosen design had an astronomical theme, and the exterior of the dome resembles Saturn surrounded by its rings. The Planetarium was built at a cost of $1.2 million on the site of the historic Bonaventure Station on Chaboillez Square near Old Montreal.

text: The

text: architects

text: on the project were

text: David-Barott-Boulva

text: . The chosen design had an astronomical theme, and the exterior of the dome resembles

text: Saturn

text: surrounded by its rings. The Planetarium was built at a cost of $1.2 million on the site of the historic

text: Bonaventure Station

text: on Chaboillez Square near

text: Old Montreal

text: Voyager 1 found that about 7 percent of the volume of Saturn's upper atmosphere is helium (compared with 11 percent of Jupiter's atmosphere), while almost all the rest is hydrogen. Since Saturn's internal helium abundance was expected to be the same as Jupiter's and the Sun's, the lower abundance of helium in the upper atmosphere may imply that the heavier helium may be slowly sinking through Saturn's hydrogen; that might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun. Winds blow at high speeds in Saturn. Near the equator, the Voyagers measured winds about 500 m/s (1,100 mph). The wind blows mostly in an easterly direction.

text: Voyager 1 found that about 7 percent of the volume of

text: Saturn

text: 's upper atmosphere is

text: helium

text: (compared with 11 percent of Jupiter's atmosphere), while almost all the rest is

text: hydrogen

text: . Since Saturn's internal helium abundance was expected to be the same as Jupiter's and the Sun's, the lower abundance of helium in the upper atmosphere may imply that the heavier helium may be slowly sinking through Saturn's hydrogen; that might explain the excess heat that Saturn radiates over energy it receives from the Sun. Winds blow at high speeds in

text: Saturn

text: . Near the equator, the Voyagers measured winds about 500 m/s (1,100

text: mph

text: ). The wind blows mostly in an easterly direction.

text: Saturn and its rings are best seen when the planet is at, or near, opposition, the configuration of a planet when it is at an elongation of 180°, and thus appears opposite the Sun in the sky. A Saturnian opposition occurs every year—approximately every 378 days—and results in the planet appearing at its brightest. However, both the Earth and Saturn orbit the Sun on eccentric orbits, which means their distances from the Sun vary over time, and therefore so do their distances from each other, hence varying the brightness of Saturn from one opposition to the other.  Also, Saturn appears brighter when the rings are angled such that they are more visible.  For example, during the opposition of 17 December 2002, Saturn appeared at its brightest due to a favorable orientation of its rings relative to the Earth, even though Saturn was closer to the Earth and Sun in late 2003.

text: Saturn and its rings are best seen when the planet is at, or near,

text: opposition

text: , the configuration of a planet when it is at an

text: elongation

text: of 180°, and thus appears opposite the Sun in the sky. A Saturnian opposition occurs every year—approximately every 378 days—and results in the planet appearing at its brightest. However, both the Earth and Saturn orbit the Sun on eccentric orbits, which means their distances from the Sun vary over time, and therefore so do their distances from each other, hence varying the brightness of Saturn from one opposition to the other.  Also, Saturn appears brighter when the rings are angled such that they are more visible.  For example, during the opposition of 17 December 2002, Saturn appeared at its brightest due to a favorable

text: orientation of its rings

text: relative to the Earth, even though Saturn was closer to the Earth and Sun in late 2003.

text: Cassiel is listed in the related works The Sworn Book of Honorius and in (pseudo)-Peter de Abano's Heptameron (the latter also influenced by Sefer Raziel).  Cassiel's presence in Honorius may also be a result of Greek influence, as he is likewise listed in a Byzantine exorcism manual (as Kasiel).  In these works, he is, as usual, listed as the angel of Saturn but also as the angel of the North and as one of the angels named in the Sigillum Dei.  Following Honorius and the Heptameron, Cassiel appears in the Liber de Angelis as Cassael (again the angel over Saturn), then in various editions of the Key of Solomon as Cassiel or Cassael, angel (sometimes archangel) over Saturn or Saturday, and once again in the Sigillum Dei.  Cassiel is depicted in Francis Barrett's The Magus as a dragon-riding jinn with a beard, again as the angel over Saturn.

text: Cassiel is listed in the related works

text: The Sworn Book of Honorius

text: and in (pseudo)-

text: Peter de Abano

text: 's Heptameron (the latter also influenced by Sefer Raziel).  Cassiel's presence in Honorius may also be a result of Greek influence, as he is likewise listed in a

text: Byzantine

text: exorcism

text: manual (as Kasiel).  In these works, he is, as usual, listed as the angel of Saturn but also as the angel of the North and as one of the angels named in the

text: Sigillum Dei

text: .  Following Honorius and the Heptameron, Cassiel appears in the Liber de Angelis as Cassael (again the angel over Saturn), then in various editions of the

text: Key of Solomon

text: as Cassiel or Cassael, angel (sometimes archangel) over Saturn or Saturday, and once again in the Sigillum Dei.  Cassiel is depicted in

text: Francis Barrett's The Magus

text: as a dragon-riding jinn with a beard, again as the angel over Saturn.

text: The fourth match was scheduled to be between Raven and Chris Benoit. Raven chose not to compete, however, and for Saturn to replace him. Saturn was a member of The Flock, a group led by Raven. The match started with Benoit having the advantage. As they fought out the ring, The Flock came out of the audience, and attacked Benoit. Saturn then dominated Benoit, and targeted his neck. As Saturn climbed the turnbuckles, Benoit pushed him to the outside. Benoit applied the Crippler Crossface on Saturn, but The Flock attacked him. Raven performed an Evenflow DDT on Benoit, and Saturn applied the Rings of Saturn. Benoit had passed out from the DDT, and Saturn won the match.

text: The fourth match was scheduled to be between

text: Raven

text: and

text: Chris Benoit

text: . Raven chose not to compete, however, and for

text: Saturn

text: to replace him. Saturn was a member of

text: The Flock

text: , a group led by Raven. The match started with Benoit having the advantage. As they fought out the ring, The Flock came out of the audience, and attacked Benoit. Saturn then dominated Benoit, and targeted his neck. As Saturn climbed the turnbuckles, Benoit pushed him to the outside. Benoit applied the

text: Crippler Crossface

text: on Saturn, but The Flock attacked him. Raven performed an

text: Evenflow DDT

text: on Benoit, and Saturn applied the

text: Rings of Saturn

text: . Benoit had passed out from the DDT, and Saturn won the match.

text: Discovered moons of Saturn (full list):

text: Discovered

text: moons of Saturn

text: full list

text: Saturn's X-ray spectrum is similar to that of X-rays from the Sun indicating that Saturn's X-radiation is due to the reflection of solar X-rays by Saturn's atmosphere. The optical image is much brighter, and shows the beautiful ring structures, which were not detected in X-rays.

text: Epimetheus's orbit is co-orbital with that of Janus. Janus's mean orbital radius from Saturn is, as of 2006 (as shown by green color in the adjacent picture), only 50 km less than that of Epimetheus, a distance smaller than either moon's mean radius. In accordance with Kepler's laws of planetary motion, the closer orbit is completed more quickly. Because of the small difference it is completed in only about 30 seconds less. Each day, the inner moon is an additional 0.25° farther around Saturn than the outer moon. As the inner moon catches up to the outer moon, their mutual gravitational attraction increases the inner moon's momentum and decreases that of the outer moon. This added momentum means that the inner moon's distance from Saturn and orbital period are increased, and the outer moon's are decreased. The timing and magnitude of the momentum exchange is such that the moons effectively swap orbits, never approaching closer than about 10,000 km. At each encounter Janus's orbital radius changes by ~20 km and Epimetheus's by ~80 km: Janus's orbit is less affected because it is four times more massive than Epimetheus. The exchange takes place close to every four years; the last close approaches occurred in January 2006, 2010 and 2014, and the next in 2018. This is the only such orbital configuration known in the Solar System.

text: Epimetheus's orbit is

text: co-orbital

text: with that of

text: Janus

text: . Janus's

text: mean orbital radius

text: from Saturn is, as of 2006 (as shown by green color in the adjacent picture), only 50 km less than that of Epimetheus, a distance smaller than either moon's mean radius. In accordance with

text: Kepler's laws of planetary motion

text: , the closer

text: orbit

text: is completed more quickly. Because of the small difference it is completed in only about 30 seconds less. Each day, the inner moon is an additional 0.25° farther around Saturn than the outer moon. As the inner moon catches up to the outer moon, their mutual gravitational attraction increases the inner moon's momentum and decreases that of the outer moon. This added momentum means that the inner moon's distance from Saturn and

text: orbital period

text: are increased, and the outer moon's are decreased. The timing and magnitude of the

text: momentum exchange

text: is such that the moons effectively swap orbits, never approaching closer than about 10,000 km. At each encounter Janus's orbital radius changes by ~20 km and Epimetheus's by ~80 km: Janus's orbit is less affected because it is four times more massive than Epimetheus. The exchange takes place close to every four years; the last close approaches occurred in January 2006, 2010 and 2014, and the next in 2018. This is the only such orbital configuration known in the

text: Solar System

text: The later Saturn version also received generally positive reviews, though most critics agreed that it was not as good as the PlayStation version. In Sega Saturn Magazine, Rad Automatic praised the large number of tracks and the distinctive flavour of each one, and remarked that the gameplay is very easy to get into but provides more than enough challenge. He criticised it as not being as good as the PlayStation version, though he noted that none of the shortcomings impact the gameplay. The four reviewers from Electronic Gaming Monthly similarly praised the number and variety of tracks along with the strong challenge the game presented, and were much more approving of the graphics than Sega Saturn Magazine, describing them as "vibrant" and "gorgeous". Both Air Hendrix of GamePro and a reviewer for Maximum argued that the Saturn version is noticeably not as polished as the PlayStation version but still excellent in absolute terms, making it a pointless purchase for PlayStation owners but recommended for Saturn-only players.

text: The later Saturn version also received generally positive reviews, though most critics agreed that it was not as good as the PlayStation version. In

text: Sega Saturn Magazine

text: , Rad Automatic praised the large number of tracks and the distinctive flavour of each one, and remarked that the gameplay is very easy to get into but provides more than enough challenge. He criticised it as not being as good as the PlayStation version, though he noted that none of the shortcomings impact the gameplay. The four reviewers from

text: Electronic Gaming Monthly

text: similarly praised the number and variety of tracks along with the strong challenge the game presented, and were much more approving of the graphics than Sega Saturn Magazine, describing them as "vibrant" and "gorgeous". Both Air Hendrix of GamePro and a reviewer for Maximum argued that the Saturn version is noticeably not as polished as the PlayStation version but still excellent in absolute terms, making it a pointless purchase for PlayStation owners but recommended for Saturn-only players.

text: Saturn's hexagon is a persisting hexagonal cloud pattern around the north pole of Saturn, located at about 78°N.The sides of the hexagon are about  long, which is more than the diameter of Earth (about ).It rotates with a period of , the same period as Saturn's radio emissions from its interior.The hexagon does not shift in longitude like other clouds in the visible atmosphere.

text: Saturn's hexagon is a persisting

text: hexagon

text: al cloud pattern around the north pole of

text: Saturn

text: , located at about 78°N.The sides of the hexagon are about  long, which is more than the diameter of

text: Earth

text: (about ).It rotates with a period of , the same period as Saturn's

text: radio emission

text: s from its interior.The hexagon does not shift in longitude like other clouds in the visible atmosphere.

text: In Saturn's Rings strives to present an accurate representation of the view which would be seen by a person traveling through space, arriving at Saturn. The film's image processing requires complex mathematics and extremely high-resolution images. Over 30 individuals and groups contributed their efforts to acquiring and processing the images, including Gordan Ugarkovic (largest image donor: Cassini, Huygens, Messenger, LRO), Colin Legg (astrophotographer), Val Klavans (image donor and image processor), Bill Eberly (lead SDSS image processor), Jason Harwell (lead Hubble/ESO image processor), Judy Schmidt (Hubble/ESO image processor) and Ian Regan (lead image processor and donor: Titan/Saturn/Jupiter).

text: In 1889 he observed the moon Iapetus pass behind Saturn's rings. As he watched Iapetus pass through the space between Saturn's innermost rings and the planet itself, he saw a shadow pass over the moon. Although he did not realise it at the time, he had discovered proof of the "spokes" of Saturn, dark shadows running perpendicular to the circular paths of the rings. These spokes were doubted at first, but confirmed by the spacecraft Voyager 1.

text: In 1889 he observed the moon

text: Iapetus

text: pass behind Saturn's rings. As he watched Iapetus pass through the space between Saturn's innermost rings and the planet itself, he saw a shadow pass over the moon. Although he did not realise it at the time, he had discovered proof of the "

text: spokes

text: " of

text: Saturn

text: , dark shadows running perpendicular to the circular paths of the rings. These spokes were doubted at first, but confirmed by the spacecraft

text: Voyager 1

text: The Saturn Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) was a computer that provided the autopilot for the Saturn V rocket from launch to Earth orbit insertion. It was one of the major components of the Instrument Unit, fitted to the S-IVB stage of the Saturn V and Saturn IB rockets. The LVDC also supported pre- and post-launch checkout of the Saturn hardware. The LVDC was used in conjunction with the Launch Vehicle Data Adaptor (LVDA) which performed signal conditioning to the sensor inputs to the computer from the launch vehicle.

text: The Saturn Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) was a computer that provided the autopilot for the

text: Saturn V

text: rocket from launch to Earth

text: orbit insertion

text: . It was one of the major components of the

text: Instrument Unit

text: , fitted to the

text: S-IVB

text: stage of the Saturn V and

text: Saturn IB

text: rockets. The LVDC also supported pre- and post-launch checkout of the Saturn hardware. The LVDC was used in conjunction with the

text: Launch Vehicle Data Adaptor

text: (LVDA) which performed signal conditioning to the sensor inputs to the computer from the launch vehicle.

text: Galileo Galilei was the first to observe the rings of Saturn in 1610 using his telescope, but was unable to identify them as such. He wrote to the Duke of Tuscany that "[t]he planet Saturn is not alone, but is composed of three, which almost touch one another and never move nor change with respect to one another. They are arranged in a line parallel to the zodiac, and the middle one (Saturn itself) is about three times the size of the lateral ones [the edges of the rings]." He also described Saturn as having "ears". In 1612, the plane of the rings was oriented directly at the Earth and the rings appeared to vanish. Mystified, Galileo wondered, "has Saturn swallowed his children?", referencing the myth of Saturn's consumption of his children to prevent them from overthrowing him. They then reappeared in 1613, further confusing Galileo.

text: Galileo Galilei was the first to observe the rings of Saturn in 1610 using his telescope, but was unable to identify them as such. He wrote to the

entity_name: Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

text: Duke of Tuscany

text: that "[t]he planet Saturn is not alone, but is composed of three, which almost touch one another and never move nor change with respect to one another. They are arranged in a line parallel to the

text: zodiac

text: , and the middle one (Saturn itself) is about three times the size of the lateral ones [the edges of the rings]." He also described Saturn as having "ears". In 1612, the plane of the rings was oriented directly at the Earth and the rings appeared to vanish. Mystified, Galileo wondered, "has Saturn swallowed his children?", referencing the myth of

text: Saturn

text: 's consumption of his children to prevent them from overthrowing him. They then reappeared in 1613, further confusing Galileo.

text: The moons of Saturn are typically thought to have formed through co-accretion, a similar process to that believed to have formed the planets in the Solar System. As the young gas giants formed, they were surrounded by discs of material that gradually coalesced into moons. However, a proposed model on the formation of Titan suggests that Titan was instead formed in a series of giant impacts between pre-existing moons. Iapetus and Rhea are thought to have formed from part of the debris of these collisions. More-recent studies, however, suggest that all of Saturn's moons inward of Titan are no more than 100 million years old; thus, Iapetus is unlikely to have formed in the same series of collisions as Rhea and all the other moons inward of Titan, and—along with Titan—may be a primordial satellite.

text: The moons of Saturn are typically thought to have formed through

text: co-accretion

text: , a similar process to that believed to have formed the planets in the Solar System. As the young gas giants formed, they were surrounded by discs of material that gradually coalesced into moons. However, a proposed model on the formation of

text: Titan

text: suggests that Titan was instead formed in a series of

text: giant impact

text: s between pre-existing moons. Iapetus and Rhea are thought to have formed from part of the debris of these collisions. More-recent studies, however, suggest that all of Saturn's moons inward of Titan are no more than 100 million years old; thus, Iapetus is unlikely to have formed in the same series of collisions as Rhea and all the other moons inward of Titan, and—along with Titan—may be a primordial satellite.

text: The Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) was originally designed to take three men directly to the surface of the Moon, atop a large landing stage with legs. The Command Module sized out at  in diameter, by  long. The Service Module was  long, with a total vehicle length of  including the engine bell. The hypergolic propellant service propulsion engine was sized at  to lift the CSM off the lunar surface and send it back to Earth. This required a single-launch vehicle much larger than the Saturn V, or else multiple Saturn V launches to assemble it in Earth orbit before sending it to the Moon.

text: The Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) was originally designed to take three men directly to the surface of the Moon, atop a large landing stage with legs. The Command Module sized out at  in diameter, by  long. The Service Module was  long, with a total vehicle length of  including the engine bell. The

text: hypergolic propellant

text: service propulsion engine was sized at  to lift the CSM off the lunar surface and send it back to Earth. This required a single-launch vehicle much larger than the

text: Saturn V

text: , or else multiple Saturn V launches to assemble it in Earth orbit before sending it to the Moon.

text: The original Saturn C-2 design (1959-1960) was a four-stage launch vehicle, using an S-I first stage using eight Rocketdyne H-1 engines, later flown on the Saturn I. The Army's original design used the S-III stage with two J-2 engines as the second stage; after the Saturn program was transferred to NASA, the second stage was replaced with an S-II second stage using four J-2 engines.  The S-III stage would have been added atop the S-II, to convert the C-2 into the five-stage Saturn C-3. Later, a fifth J-2 engine was added to the S-II stage to be used on the Saturn C-5, which eventually was developed as the Saturn V launch vehicle.

text: The original Saturn C-2 design (1959-1960) was a four-stage launch vehicle, using an

text: S-I

text: first stage using eight Rocketdyne

text: H-1 engine

text: s, later flown on the

text: Saturn I

text: . The Army's original design used the

text: S-III

text: stage with two

text: J-2 engine

text: s as the second stage; after the Saturn program was transferred to NASA, the second stage was replaced with an S-II second stage using four J-2 engines.  The S-III stage would have been added atop the S-II, to convert the C-2 into the five-stage

text: Saturn C-3

text: . Later, a fifth J-2 engine was added to the

text: S-II

text: stage to be used on the Saturn C-5, which eventually was developed as the

text: Saturn V

text: launch vehicle.

text: FC Sakhalin Kholmsk — FC Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk — FC Salyut Belgorod — FC Salyut-Energiya Belgorod — FC Salyut Saratov — FC Salyut-YuKOS Belgorod — FC Samotlor-XXI Nizhnevartovsk — FC Saranskeksport Saransk — FC Saturn-1991 Saint Petersburg — FC Saturn-2 Moscow Oblast — FC Saturn-2 Ramenskoye — FC Saturn-2 Zhukovsky — FC Saturn Moscow Oblast (dissolved) — FC Saturn Naberezhnyye Chelny — FC Saturn Ramenskoye — FC Saturn-Ren-TV Moscow Oblast (current) — FC Saturn Yegoryevsk — FC Selenga Ulan-Ude — FC Sever Murmansk — FC Severstal Cherepovets — FC Shakhtyor Artyom — FC Shakhtyor Kiselyovsk — FC Shakhtyor Prokopyevsk — FC Shakhtyor Shakhty — FC Sheksna Cherepovets — FC Sherstyannik Nevinnomyssk — FC Shinnik Yaroslavl — FC Sibir-2 Novosibirsk — FC Sibir Kurgan — FC Sibir Novosibirsk — FC Sibiryak Bratsk — FC Sibur-Khimik Dzerzhinsk — FC SKA-Energia Khabarovsk — FC SKA Khabarovsk — FC SKA Rostov-on-Don — FC Skat-5s Yelabuga — FC SKD Samara — FC Slavyansk — FC Smena Komsomolsk-on-Amur — FC Smena Moscow — FC Smena-Saturn Saint Petersburg — FC Smena-Zenit Saint Petersburg — FC Smolensk — FC Sochi-04 — FC Sodovik Sterlitamak — FC Sokol-PZhD Saratov — FC Sokol Saratov — FC SOYUZ-Gazprom Izhevsk — FC Spartak-2 Moscow — FC Spartak-2 Nartkala — FC Spartak Alagir — FC Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz — FC Spartak Anapa — FC Spartak-Arktikbank Arkhangelsk — FC Spartak-Bratskiy Yuzhny — FC Spartak Bryansk — FC Spartak Chelyabinsk — FC Spartak-Chukotka Moscow — FC Spartak Gorno-Altaysk — FC Spartak Kavkaztransgaz Izobilny — FC Spartak Kostroma — FC Spartak Kurgan — FC Spartak Lukhovitsy — FC Spartak Moscow — FC Spartak-MZK Ryazan — PFC Spartak Nalchik — FC Spartak Nizhny Novgorod — FC Spartak-Orekhovo Orekhovo-Zuyevo — FC Spartak Oryol — FC Spartak-Peresvet Bryansk — FC Spartak Ryazan — FC Spartak Rybnoye — FC Spartak Shchyolkovo — FC Spartak Tambov — FC Spartak-Telekom Shuya — FC Spartak-UGP Anapa — FC Spartak Vladikavkaz — FC Spartak Yoshkar-Ola — FC Sportakademklub Moscow — FC Sputnik Kimry — FC Start Yeysk — FC Stavropol — FC Stavropolye-2009 Stavropol — FC Stroitel Morshansk — FC Stroitel Ufa — FC Sudostroitel Astrakhan — FC SUO Moscow — FC Svetogorets Svetogorsk — FC Svetotekhnika Saransk

text: FC Sakhalin Kholmsk

text: FC Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

text: FC Salyut Belgorod

text: FC Salyut-Energiya Belgorod

text: FC Salyut Saratov

text: FC Salyut-YuKOS Belgorod

text: FC Samotlor-XXI Nizhnevartovsk

text: FC Saranskeksport Saransk

text: FC Saturn-1991 Saint Petersburg

text: FC Saturn-2 Moscow Oblast

text: FC Saturn-2 Ramenskoye

text: FC Saturn-2 Zhukovsky

text: FC Saturn Moscow Oblast (dissolved)

text: FC Saturn Naberezhnyye Chelny

text: FC Saturn Ramenskoye

text: FC Saturn-Ren-TV Moscow Oblast (current)

text: FC Saturn Yegoryevsk

text: FC Selenga Ulan-Ude

text: FC Sever Murmansk

text: FC Severstal Cherepovets

text: FC Shakhtyor Artyom

text: FC Shakhtyor Kiselyovsk

text: FC Shakhtyor Prokopyevsk

text: FC Shakhtyor Shakhty

text: FC Sheksna Cherepovets

text: FC Sherstyannik Nevinnomyssk

text: FC Shinnik Yaroslavl

text: FC Sibir-2 Novosibirsk

text: FC Sibir Kurgan

text: FC Sibir Novosibirsk

text: FC Sibiryak Bratsk

text: FC Sibur-Khimik Dzerzhinsk

text: FC SKA-Energia Khabarovsk

text: FC SKA Khabarovsk

text: FC SKA Rostov-on-Don

text: FC Skat-5s Yelabuga

text: FC SKD Samara

text: FC Slavyansk

text: FC Smena Komsomolsk-on-Amur

text: FC Smena Moscow

text: FC Smena-Saturn Saint Petersburg

text: FC Smena-Zenit Saint Petersburg

text: FC Smolensk

text: FC Sochi-04

text: FC Sodovik Sterlitamak

text: FC Sokol-PZhD Saratov

text: FC Sokol Saratov

text: FC SOYUZ-Gazprom Izhevsk

text: FC Spartak-2 Moscow

text: FC Spartak-2 Nartkala

text: FC Spartak Alagir

text: FC Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz

text: FC Spartak Anapa

text: FC Spartak-Arktikbank Arkhangelsk

text: FC Spartak-Bratskiy Yuzhny

text: FC Spartak Bryansk

text: FC Spartak Chelyabinsk

text: FC Spartak-Chukotka Moscow

text: FC Spartak Gorno-Altaysk

text: FC Spartak Kavkaztransgaz Izobilny

text: FC Spartak Kostroma

text: FC Spartak Kurgan

text: FC Spartak Lukhovitsy

text: FC Spartak Moscow

text: FC Spartak-MZK Ryazan

text: PFC Spartak Nalchik

text: FC Spartak Nizhny Novgorod

text: FC Spartak-Orekhovo Orekhovo-Zuyevo

text: FC Spartak Oryol

text: FC Spartak-Peresvet Bryansk

text: FC Spartak Ryazan

text: FC Spartak Rybnoye

text: FC Spartak Shchyolkovo

text: FC Spartak Tambov

text: FC Spartak-Telekom Shuya

text: FC Spartak-UGP Anapa

text: FC Spartak Vladikavkaz

text: FC Spartak Yoshkar-Ola

text: FC Sportakademklub Moscow

text: FC Sputnik Kimry

text: FC Start Yeysk

text: FC Stavropol

text: FC Stavropolye-2009 Stavropol

text: FC Stroitel Morshansk

text: FC Stroitel Ufa

text: FC Sudostroitel Astrakhan

text: FC SUO Moscow

text: FC Svetogorets Svetogorsk

text: FC Svetotekhnika Saransk

text: It was seen as Pink Floyd's first foray into space rock (along with "Interstellar Overdrive"), although band members would later disparage this term. The song opens with the voice of their manager at the time Peter Jenner reading the names of planets through a megaphone, sounding like an astronaut over an intercom. Guitarist and vocalist Syd Barrett's Fender Esquire emerges and grows louder. At 0:19 a rapid beeping sound appears. At 0:26, Nick Mason's drum fills begin, and Barrett plays the enigmatic introductory figure which is discussed in the next section. Keyboardist Richard Wright's Farfisa organ is mixed into the background. Barrett's incantatory lyrics about space support the theme in the song, mentioning planets Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune as well as Uranian moons Oberon, Miranda, and Titania, and Saturn's moon Titan. Barrett and Wright provide lead vocals. Bassist Roger Waters' aggressive bass line, Wright's Farfisa organ, and Barrett's kinetic slide guitar then dominate, with Jenner's megaphone recitation re-emerging from the mix for a time.

text: It was seen as Pink Floyd's first foray into

text: space rock

text: (along with "

text: Interstellar Overdrive

text: "), although band members would later disparage this term. The song opens with the voice of their manager at the time

text: Peter Jenner

text: reading the names of planets through a megaphone, sounding like an

text: astronaut

text: over an

text: intercom

text: . Guitarist and vocalist

text: Syd Barrett

text: 's

text: Fender Esquire

text: emerges and grows louder. At 0:19 a rapid beeping sound appears. At 0:26,

text: Nick Mason

text: 's drum fills begin, and Barrett plays the enigmatic introductory figure which is discussed in the next section. Keyboardist

text: Richard Wright

text: 's

text: Farfisa organ

text: is mixed into the background. Barrett's incantatory lyrics about space support the theme in the song, mentioning planets

text: Jupiter

text: Saturn

text: , and

text: Neptune

text: as well as

text: Uranian

text: moons

text: Oberon

text: Miranda

text: , and

text: Titania

text: , and

text: Saturn

text: 's moon

text: Titan

text: . Barrett and Wright provide lead vocals. Bassist

text: Roger Waters

text: ' aggressive bass line, Wright's Farfisa organ, and Barrett's kinetic slide guitar then dominate, with Jenner's megaphone recitation re-emerging from the mix for a time.

text: Saturn's satellite system is very lopsided: one moon, Titan, comprises more than 96% of the mass in orbit around the planet. The six other planemo (ellipsoidal) moons constitute roughly 4% of the mass, and the remaining 55 small moons, together with the rings, comprise only 0.04%.

text: Saturn's satellite system is very lopsided: one moon, Titan, comprises more than 96% of the mass in orbit around the planet. The six other

text: planemo

text: ellipsoid

text: al) moons constitute roughly 4% of the mass, and the remaining 55 small moons, together with the rings, comprise only 0.04%.

text: The gravitational assist trajectories at Jupiter were successfully carried out by both Voyagers, and the two spacecraft went on to visit Saturn and its system of moons and rings. Voyager 1 encountered Saturn in November 1980, with the closest approach on November 12, 1980, when the space probe came within  of Saturn's cloud-tops. The space probe's cameras detected complex structures in the rings of Saturn, and its remote sensing instruments studied the atmospheres of Saturn and its giant moon Titan.

text: The gravitational assist trajectories at Jupiter were successfully carried out by both Voyagers, and the two spacecraft went on to visit

text: Saturn

text: and its system of moons and rings. Voyager 1 encountered Saturn in November 1980, with the closest approach on November 12, 1980, when the space probe came within  of Saturn's cloud-tops. The space probe's cameras detected complex structures in the

text: rings of Saturn

text: , and its

text: remote sensing

text: instruments studied the atmospheres of Saturn and its giant moon

text: Titan

text: Some works of fiction refer to several of Saturn's moons, or to no specific moon.

text: Pioneer 11 imaged and nearly collided with one of Saturn's small moons, passing at a distance of no more than . The object was tentatively identified as Epimetheus, a moon discovered the previous day from Pioneer's imaging, and suspected from earlier observations by Earth-based telescopes. After the Voyager flybys, it became known that there are two similarly-sized moons (Epimetheus and Janus) in the same orbit, so there is some uncertainty about which one was the object of Pioneer's near-miss. Pioneer 11 encountered Janus on September 1, 1979 at 14:52 UTC at a distance of 2500 km and Mimas at 16:20 UTC the same day at 103000 km.

text: Pioneer 11 imaged and nearly collided with one of Saturn's small moons, passing at a distance of no more than . The object was tentatively identified as

text: Epimetheus

text: , a moon discovered the previous day from Pioneer's imaging, and suspected from earlier observations by Earth-based telescopes. After the

text: Voyager

text: flybys, it became known that there are two similarly-sized moons (Epimetheus and

text: Janus

text: ) in the same orbit, so there is some uncertainty about which one was the object of Pioneer's near-miss. Pioneer 11 encountered Janus on September 1, 1979 at 14:52

text: UTC

text: at a distance of 2500 km and

text: Mimas

text: at 16:20 UTC the same day at 103000 km.

text: In 1974, Soter suggested that dust produced by meteoritic bombardment of Saturn's moon Phoebe might orbit the planet until colliding with Saturn's moon Iapetus and be responsible for the unique dark-bright dichotomy of the latter. Although not the unique cause, dust originating from Saturn's irregular satellites was later found in data from the Cassini spacecraft to indeed play a crucial role in the coloration of Iapetus. The discovery of Saturn's "Phoebe ring" in 2009 further strengthened the probability that this process first described by Soter plays a significant role in shaping Iapetus's appearance.

text: In 1974, Soter suggested that dust produced by meteoritic bombardment of Saturn's moon

text: Phoebe

text: might orbit the planet until colliding with Saturn's moon

text: Iapetus

text: and be responsible for the unique dark-bright dichotomy of the latter. Although not the unique cause, dust originating from

text: Saturn

text: 's

text: irregular satellites

text: was later found in data from the

text: Cassini spacecraft

text: to indeed play a crucial role in the coloration of

text: Iapetus

text: . The discovery of Saturn's "

text: Phoebe ring

text: " in 2009 further strengthened the probability that this process first described by Soter plays a significant role in shaping

text: Iapetus

text: 's appearance.

text: The Saturn L-Series is a line of automobiles that were sold by Saturn.

text: The Saturn L-Series is a line of

text: automobile

text: s that were sold by

text: Saturn

text: Goulard's Extract (also known as subacetate of lead) is a solution of lead(II) acetate and lead(II) oxide used as an astringent during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries.  It was named after its introducer, Thomas Goulard. Lead poisoning and the development of more effective astringents caused doctors to abandon its use.  Synonymous or very closely related formulations were known as liquor plumbi subacetis dilutus, eau de Goulard, extract of Saturn, vinegar of Saturn, and liquid acetate of lead.  The white water eau de Saturne differed from eau de Goulard in not containing alcohol, but was often confused with it.

text: Goulard's Extract (also known as subacetate of lead) is a solution of

text: lead(II) acetate

text: and

text: lead(II) oxide

text: used as an

text: astringent

text: during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries.  It was named after its introducer,

text: Thomas Goulard

text: Lead poisoning

text: and the development of more effective astringents caused doctors to abandon its use.  Synonymous or very closely related formulations were known as liquor plumbi subacetis dilutus, eau de Goulard, extract of Saturn, vinegar of Saturn, and liquid acetate of lead.  The white water eau de Saturne differed from eau de Goulard in not containing alcohol, but was often confused with it.

text: There are three different versions of the special stages among the different versions of the game, but all of them involve the same basic premise as the special stages from Sonic the Hedgehog 2. The camera shifts to behind Sonic as he runs down a preset path and must collect rings while avoiding obstacles that, when run into, make him lose rings. A certain number of rings need to be obtained at certain checkpoints to continue through the stage, and ultimately be able to make it to the end in order to receive a Chaos Emerald. The Saturn version of the game uses polygonal 3D graphics for the special stages, as well as navigating on a half-pipe structure. The PC version has the same gameplay as the Sega Saturn version, but uses sprites instead of polygonal graphics. The Genesis version of the game used 3D rendered sprites and has Sonic run on a flat bridge, with themes of sky and lava. If all seven Chaos Emeralds are collected, the Special Stages can still be played for extra lives. Collecting all seven Chaos Emeralds is the only way to reach the "Final Fight" level, consisting of the final boss fight and the good ending of the game.

text: There are three different versions of the special stages among the different versions of the game, but all of them involve the same basic premise as

text: the special stages from Sonic the Hedgehog 2

text: Cassini observed and published surface markings on Mars (earlier seen by Huygens but not published), determined the rotation periods of Mars and Jupiter, and discovered four satellites of Saturn, Iapetus and Rhea in 1671 and 1672, and Tethys and Dione (1684)." Cassini was the first to observe these four Saturn's moons, which he called Sidera Lodoicea (the stars of Louis), including Iapetus, whose anomalous variations in brightness he correctly ascribed as being due to the presence of dark material on one hemisphere (now called Cassini regio in his honour). In addition he discovered the Cassini Division in the rings of Saturn (1675). He shares with Robert Hooke credit for the discovery of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter (ca. 1665). Around 1690, Cassini was the first to observe differential rotation within Jupiter's atmosphere.

text: Cassini observed and published surface markings on

text: Mars

text: (earlier seen by Huygens but not published), determined the rotation periods of

text: Mars

text: and

text: Jupiter

text: , and discovered four satellites of

text: Saturn

text: Iapetus

text: and

text: Rhea

text: in 1671 and 1672, and

text: Tethys

text: and

text: Dione

text: (1684)." Cassini was the first to observe these four

text: Saturn

text: 's

text: moon

text: s, which he called

text: Sidera Lodoicea

text: (the stars of Louis), including

text: Iapetus

text: , whose anomalous variations in brightness he correctly ascribed as being due to the presence of dark material on one hemisphere (now called Cassini regio in his honour). In addition he discovered the

text: Cassini Division

text: in the rings of Saturn (1675). He shares with

text: Robert Hooke

text: credit for the discovery of the

text: Great Red Spot

text: on

text: Jupiter

text: (ca. 1665). Around 1690, Cassini was the first to observe

text: differential rotation

text: within Jupiter's

text: atmosphere

text: Although the new unit was a stronger console than originally proposed, it was not compatible with Saturn games.  Before the 32X could be launched, the release date of the Saturn was announced for November 1994 in Japan, coinciding with the 32X's target launch date in North America.  Sega of America now was faced with trying to market the 32X with the Saturn's Japan release occurring simultaneously.  Their answer was to call the 32X a "transitional device" between the Genesis and the Saturn.  This was justified by Sega's statement that both platforms would run at the same time, and that the 32X would be aimed at players who could not afford the more expensive Saturn.

text: Plumes from Enceladus, which are similar in composition to comets, have been shown to be the source of the material in Saturn's E ring. The E ring is the widest and outermost ring of Saturn (except for the tenuous Phoebe ring). It is an extremely wide but diffuse disk of microscopic icy or dusty material distributed between the orbits of Mimas and Titan.

text: Plumes from Enceladus, which are similar in composition to comets, have been shown to be the source of the material in Saturn's

text: E ring

text: . The E ring is the widest and outermost ring of Saturn (except for the tenuous

text: Phoebe ring

text: ). It is an extremely wide but diffuse disk of microscopic icy or dusty material distributed between the orbits of

text: Mimas

text: and

text: Titan

text: Heart of Darkness suffered a protracted development cycle marked by numerous delays and changes in platform. Development began in 1992, with the PC as the lead platform. The game was not publicly unveiled until the March 1995 European Computer Trade Show, at which time the developers said it was near completion. A version for the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer was announced, but the game spent so long in development that by the time it was finished, the 3DO (which was not even launched until a year after development on the game began) was no longer commercially viable. In 1996 Sega signed a deal for the console version to be a Sega Saturn exclusive, with the PC version to be held off until after the Saturn version was released. A release date of October 1996 was announced with the Saturn version, but due to long delays, the Saturn was also no longer a commercially viable platform by the time Heart of Darkness was finished.

text: Heart of Darkness suffered a protracted development cycle marked by numerous delays and changes in platform. Development began in 1992, with the PC as the lead platform. The game was not publicly unveiled until the March 1995

text: European Computer Trade Show

text: , at which time the developers said it was near completion. A version for the

text: 3DO Interactive Multiplayer

text: was announced, but the game

text: spent so long in development

text: that by the time it was finished, the 3DO (which was not even launched until a year after development on the game began) was no longer commercially viable. In 1996

text: Sega

text: signed a deal for the console version to be a

text: Sega Saturn

text: exclusive, with the PC version to be held off until after the Saturn version was released. A release date of October 1996 was announced with the Saturn version, but due to long delays, the Saturn was also no longer a commercially viable platform by the time Heart of Darkness was finished.

text: Cassiel is sometimes described as the angel of tears, the angel of temperance, or the angel who presides over the deaths of kings.  As Qafsiel, he is sometimes regarded as the ruler of the moon instead of Saturn.

text: Cassiel is sometimes described as the angel of tears, the angel of temperance, or the angel who presides over the deaths of kings.  As Qafsiel, he is sometimes regarded as the ruler of the

text: moon

text: instead of Saturn.

text: Phoebe orbits the planet at a distance ranging from 180 to 250 radii. The ring has a thickness of about 40 radii. Because the ring's particles are presumed to have originated from impacts (micrometeoroid and larger) on Phoebe, they should share its retrograde orbit, which is opposite to the orbital motion of the next inner moon, Iapetus. This ring lies in the plane of Saturn's orbit, or roughly the ecliptic, and thus is tilted 27 degrees from Saturn's equatorial plane and the other rings. Phoebe is inclined by 5° with respect to Saturn's orbit plane (often written as 175°, due to Phoebe's retrograde orbital motion), and its resulting vertical excursions above and below the ring plane agree closely with the ring's observed thickness of 40 Saturn radii.

text: Phoebe orbits the planet at a distance ranging from 180 to 250 radii. The ring has a thickness of about 40 radii. Because the ring's particles are presumed to have originated from impacts (

text: micrometeoroid

text: and larger) on Phoebe, they should share its

text: retrograde orbit

text: Iapetus

text: . This ring lies in the plane of Saturn's orbit, or roughly the

text: ecliptic

text: , and thus is tilted 27 degrees from Saturn's

text: equatorial plane

text: and the other rings. Phoebe is

text: inclined

text: by 5° with respect to Saturn's orbit plane (often written as 175°, due to Phoebe's retrograde orbital motion), and its resulting vertical excursions above and below the ring plane agree closely with the ring's observed thickness of 40 Saturn radii.

text: This idea is further explored in Icke's Remember Who You Are: Remember 'Where' You Are and Where You 'Come' From (2012), where he introduces the concept of the "Saturn–Moon Matrix". In this more recent conceptualization, the rings of Saturn (which Icke believes were artificially created by reptilian spacecraft) are the ultimate source of the signal, while the Moon is merely a sort of amplifier.

text: There are two main hypotheses regarding the origin of the rings. One hypothesis is that the rings are remnants of a destroyed moon of Saturn. The second hypothesis is that the rings are left over from the original nebular material from which Saturn formed. Some ice in the E ring comes from the moon Enceladus's geysers.

text: There are two main hypotheses regarding the origin of the rings. One hypothesis is that the rings are remnants of a destroyed moon of Saturn. The second hypothesis is that the rings are left over from the original

text: nebula

text: r material from which Saturn formed. Some ice in the E ring comes from the moon Enceladus's geysers.

text: The Academy distributes its Saturn Awards annually to the best films of the genres. The award was initially and is still sometimes loosely referred to as a Golden Scroll. The Academy also publishes Saturn Rings which is its official organ.

text: The Academy distributes its

text: Saturn Award

text: s annually to the best films of the genres. The award was initially and is still sometimes loosely referred to as a Golden Scroll. The Academy also publishes Saturn Rings which is its official organ.

text: The Saturn IB was the uprated version of the Saturn I rocket flown in ten earlier Apollo missions. It featured an upgrade of the first stage engines to increase thrust from  of thrust to , and replacement of the second stage with the S-IVB. This stage used a new liquid hydrogen-burning J-2 engine which would also be used on the S-II second stage of the Saturn V lunar launch vehicle. A modified version of the S-IVB, with an in-space restartable J-2, would also be used as the third stage of the Saturn V. It also used a new model of the guidance and control system known as the Instrument Unit, which would also be used on the Saturn V.

text: The Saturn IB was the uprated version of the

text: Saturn I

text: rocket flown in ten earlier Apollo missions. It featured an upgrade of the first stage engines to increase thrust from  of thrust to , and replacement of the second stage with the

text: S-IVB

text: . This stage used a new

text: liquid hydrogen

text: -burning

text: J-2 engine

text: which would also be used on the

text: S-II

text: second stage of the

text: Saturn V

text: lunar launch vehicle. A modified version of the S-IVB, with an in-space restartable J-2, would also be used as the third stage of the Saturn V. It also used a new model of the guidance and control system known as the

text: Instrument Unit

text: , which would also be used on the Saturn V.

text: Following is a list of close fly-bys of Saturn's moons (at less than 5000 km). The closest approach for each moon is bolded.

text: Many of the other moons are small: 34 are less than 10 km in diameter and another 14 between 10 and 50 km in diameter. Traditionally, most of Saturn's moons have been named after Titans of Greek mythology. Titan is the only satellite in the Solar System with a major atmosphere, in which a complex organic chemistry occurs. It is the only satellite with hydrocarbon lakes.

text: Many of the other moons are small: 34 are less than 10 km in diameter and another 14 between 10 and 50 km in diameter. Traditionally, most of Saturn's moons have been named after

text: Titans

text: of Greek mythology. Titan is the only satellite in the

text: Solar System

text: with a major

text: atmosphere

text: , in which a complex organic chemistry occurs. It is the only satellite with

text: hydrocarbon lakes

text: The Saturn's design elicited mixed commentary among game developers and journalists. Developers quoted by Next Generation in December 1995 described the Saturn as "a real coder's machine" for "those who love to get their teeth into assembly and really hack the hardware", with "more flexibility" and "more calculating power than the PlayStation". The Saturn's sound board was also widely praised. By contrast, Lobotomy Software programmer Ezra Dreisbach described the Saturn as significantly slower than the PlayStation, whereas Kenji Eno of WARP observed little difference between the two systems. In particular, Dreisbach criticized the Saturn's use of quadrilaterals as its basic geometric primitive, in contrast to the triangles rendered by the PlayStation and the Nintendo 64. Third-party development was initially hindered by the lack of useful software libraries and development tools, requiring developers to write in assembly language to achieve good performance. During early Saturn development, programming in assembly could offer a two-to-fivefold speed increase over C language. The Saturn hardware is considered extremely difficult to emulate. Sega responded to complaints about the difficulty of programming for the Saturn by writing new graphics libraries which were claimed to make development easier. Sega of America also purchased a United Kingdom-based development firm, Cross Products, to produce the Saturn's official development system. Despite these challenges, Treasure CEO Masato Maegawa stated that the Nintendo 64 was more difficult to develop for than the Saturn. Traveller's Tales' Jon Burton opined that while the PlayStation was easier "to get started on ... you quickly reach [its] limits", whereas the Saturn's "complicated" hardware had the ability to "improve the speed and look of a game when all used together correctly." A major point of criticism was the Saturn's use of 2D sprites to generate polygons and simulate 3D space. The PlayStation functioned in a similar manner, but also featured a dedicated "Geometry Transfer Engine" that rendered additional polygons. As a result, several analysts described the Saturn as an "essentially" 2D system.

text: The Saturn's design elicited mixed commentary among game developers and journalists. Developers quoted by

text: Next Generation

text: in December 1995 described the Saturn as "a real coder's machine" for "those who love to get their teeth into assembly and really hack the hardware", with "more flexibility" and "more calculating power than the PlayStation". The Saturn's sound board was also widely praised. By contrast,

text: Lobotomy Software

text: programmer Ezra Dreisbach described the Saturn as significantly slower than the PlayStation, whereas

text: Kenji Eno

text: of

text: WARP

text: observed little difference between the two systems. In particular, Dreisbach criticized the Saturn's use of

text: quadrilateral

text: s as its basic

text: geometric primitive

text: , in contrast to the triangles rendered by the PlayStation and the Nintendo 64. Third-party development was initially hindered by the lack of useful

text: software libraries

text: and

text: development tools

text: , requiring developers to write in

text: assembly language

text: to achieve good performance. During early Saturn development, programming in assembly could offer a two-to-fivefold speed increase over

text: C language

text: . The Saturn hardware is considered extremely difficult to

text: emulate

text: . Sega responded to complaints about the difficulty of programming for the Saturn by writing new graphics libraries which were claimed to make development easier. Sega of America also purchased a United Kingdom-based development firm, Cross Products, to produce the Saturn's official development system. Despite these challenges,

text: Treasure

text: CEO Masato Maegawa stated that the Nintendo 64 was more difficult to develop for than the Saturn.

text: Traveller's Tales

text: Jon Burton

text: opined that while the PlayStation was easier "to get started on ... you quickly reach [its] limits", whereas the Saturn's "complicated" hardware had the ability to "improve the speed and look of a game when all used together correctly." A major point of criticism was the Saturn's use of 2D sprites to generate polygons and simulate 3D space. The PlayStation functioned in a similar manner, but also featured a dedicated "Geometry Transfer Engine" that rendered additional polygons. As a result, several analysts described the Saturn as an "essentially" 2D system.

text: In the early 1990s, Saturn offered to form a tag team with Caiazzo. The Greek equivalent of the Roman deity Saturn was Cronus, so Saturn chose the ring name "John Kronus" for Caiazzo. As Saturn and Kronus were their civilizations' respective harvest deities, Saturn proposed that the tag team be known as "The Harvesters of Sorrow". After promoter Jerry Lawler advised Saturn that the significance of the name would not be evident to many fans, Saturn named the team "The Eliminators".

text: In the early 1990s, Saturn offered to form a

text: tag team

text: with Caiazzo. The

text: Greek

text: equivalent of the

text: Roman

text: deity

text: Saturn

text: was

text: Cronus

text: , so Saturn chose the ring name "John Kronus" for Caiazzo. As Saturn and Kronus were their civilizations' respective

text: harvest

text: deities, Saturn proposed that the tag team be known as "The Harvesters of Sorrow". After

text: promoter

text: Jerry Lawler

text: advised Saturn that the significance of the name would not be evident to many fans, Saturn named the team "

text: The Eliminators

text: The dense main rings extend from 7,000 km to 80,000 km above Saturn's equator (see Major subdivisions of the rings; Saturn's equatorial radius is 60,300 km). With an estimated local thickness of as little as 10 metres and as much as 1 kilometer, they are composed of 99.9 percent pure water ice with a smattering of impurities that may include tholins or silicates. The main rings are primarily composed of particles ranging in size from 1 centimetre to 10 meters.

text: The dense main rings extend from 7,000 km to 80,000 km above Saturn's equator (see

text: Major subdivisions of the rings

text: ; Saturn's equatorial radius is 60,300 km). With an estimated local thickness of as little as 10 metres and as much as 1 kilometer, they are composed of 99.9 percent pure water ice with a smattering of impurities that may include

text: tholin

text: s or

text: silicate

text: s. The main rings are primarily composed of particles ranging in size from 1 centimetre to 10 meters.

text: Prior to the 2004 arrival of the Cassini–Huygens spacecraft, the rings of Saturn were widely thought to be much younger than the Solar System and were not expected to survive beyond another 300 million years. Gravitational interactions with Saturn's moons were expected to gradually sweep the rings' outer edge toward the planet, with abrasion by meteorites and Saturn's gravity eventually taking the rest, leaving Saturn unadorned. However, data from the Cassini mission led scientists to revise that early view. Observations revealed 10 km-wide icy clumps of material that repeatedly break apart and reform, keeping the rings fresh. Saturn's rings are far more massive than the rings of the other giant planets. This large mass is thought to have preserved Saturn's rings since it first formed 4.5 billion years ago, and is likely to preserve them for billions of years to come.

text: Prior to the 2004 arrival of the

text: Cassini–Huygens

text: spacecraft, the

text: rings of Saturn

text: were widely thought to be much younger than the Solar System and were not expected to survive beyond another 300 million years. Gravitational interactions with Saturn's moons were expected to gradually sweep the rings' outer edge toward the planet, with abrasion by meteorites and Saturn's gravity eventually taking the rest, leaving Saturn unadorned. However, data from the Cassini mission led scientists to revise that early view. Observations revealed 10 km-wide icy clumps of material that repeatedly break apart and reform, keeping the rings fresh. Saturn's rings are far more massive than the rings of the other giant planets. This large mass is thought to have preserved Saturn's rings since it first formed 4.5 billion years ago, and is likely to preserve them for billions of years to come.

text: After the story and art were established, the team set to work on the graphics. Working on new hardware proved difficult for the young team, and the game ended up missing the initial deadline given by Sega, which was the Saturn Japanese launch on November 1994. One of the problems was that the Saturn hardware was only finalized in mid-1994, and without actual Saturn prototype to test their progress, the programmers initially had to work with hypothetical hardware performance. Team Andromeda created its own graphics library and mapping tools instead of using Sega's, in order to make the most of their first game on the new system. The game's graphics and cutscenes were done with Softimage, and the 3D elements were programmed on SGI workstations using OpenGL. The programmers were eventually able to transition to the debug Saturn they had received, but the process was difficult and the game had a very low frame rate at first, before it could be locked at 20 FPS. The six levels of Panzer Dragoon are barren landscapes with ancient ruins, which is consistent with the "simple" style appropriate for the Saturn. The first two levels that the team programmed, a desert (level 2) and a forest (level 5), did not have any objects or anything besides sand and forest effects, again because the team was unsure how far the hardware could be pushed. Keeping CPU limitations in mind, simple tornado effects were added to level 2, so that it did not look too bland.

text: After the story and art were established, the team set to work on the graphics. Working on new hardware proved difficult for the young team, and the game ended up missing the initial deadline given by Sega, which was the Saturn Japanese launch on November 1994. One of the problems was that the Saturn hardware was only finalized in mid-1994, and without actual Saturn prototype to test their progress, the programmers initially had to work with hypothetical hardware performance. Team Andromeda created its own

text: graphics library

text: and

text: mapping

text: tools instead of using Sega's, in order to make the most of their first game on the new system. The game's graphics and cutscenes were done with

text: Softimage

text: , and the 3D elements were programmed on

text: SGI

text: workstations using

text: OpenGL

text: . The programmers were eventually able to transition to the

text: debug

text: Saturn they had received, but the process was difficult and the game had a very low

text: frame rate

text: at first, before it could be locked at 20 FPS. The six levels of Panzer Dragoon are barren landscapes with ancient ruins, which is consistent with the "simple" style appropriate for the Saturn. The first two levels that the team programmed, a desert (level 2) and a forest (level 5), did not have any objects or anything besides sand and forest effects, again because the team was unsure how far the hardware could be pushed. Keeping

text: CPU

text: limitations in mind, simple tornado effects were added to level 2, so that it did not look too bland.

text: In Saturn's Rings is a large format movie about Saturn made exclusively from real photographs taken by spacecraft. Director Stephen van Vuuren used more than 7.5 million photographs and numerous film techniques to create the effect of flying through space around Saturn and among its rings. CGI and 3-D modeling were not used in any capacity to create the realistic feel van Vuuren wanted for the viewer's experience. Most of the photos were taken by various major space missions.

text: In Saturn's Rings is a large format movie about

text: Saturn

text: made exclusively from real photographs taken by spacecraft. Director Stephen van Vuuren used more than 7.5 million photographs and numerous film techniques to create the effect of flying through space around Saturn and among its rings.

text: CGI

text: and

text: 3-D modeling

text: were not used in any capacity to create the realistic feel van Vuuren wanted for the viewer's experience. Most of the photos were taken by various major space missions.

text: Some of the moons of Saturn, including Pandora and Prometheus, act as shepherd moons to confine the rings and prevent them from spreading out. Pan and Atlas cause weak, linear density waves in Saturn's rings that have yielded more reliable calculations of their masses.

text: Some of the moons of Saturn, including

text: Pandora

text: and

text: Prometheus

text: , act as shepherd moons to confine the rings and prevent them from spreading out.

text: Pan

text: and

text: Atlas

text: cause weak, linear density waves in Saturn's rings that have yielded more reliable calculations of their masses.

text: Saturne Party was held in Chelles/Paris. (France) by Saturne. 300-1000 people party.

text: Saturne Party was held in Chelles/

text: Paris

text: France

text: ) by Saturne. 300-1000 people party.

text: At World War 3 on November 23, 1997, Cain debuted under the ring name Lodi ("Idol" spelled backwards, which came about due to his perceived resemblance to rock musician Billy Idol). Lodi was introduced as a member of Raven's Flock as an injury replacement for Stevie Richards. He accompanied his fellow Flock members to ringside carrying a variety of signs, which he displayed to the audience at intervals (a gimmick borrowed from ECW's Sign Guy Dudley). The signs were generally intended to be humorous and variously furthered storylines, antagonized the audience, promoted the Flock, and made inside jokes aimed at other wrestlers. Cain made his in-ring debut on the December 8 episode of Nitro, losing to Chris Benoit. Lodi disappeared from WCW television several months later after suffering a fractured ankle in a match against Psicosis. Upon his return, Lodi would become involved in the feud between Saturn and Raven. Lodi defeated Saturn in a match on WCW Thunder thanks to Kanyon, which then meant Saturn had to be Lodi's personal assistant till the PPV. After weeks of making a mockery of Saturn, The Flock disbanded at the September 13, 1998 Fall Brawl when Perry Saturn defeated Raven to win the freedom of the Flock.

text: At

text: World War 3

text: on November 23, 1997, Cain debuted under the ring name Lodi ("Idol" spelled backwards, which came about due to his perceived resemblance to rock musician

text: Billy Idol

text: ). Lodi was introduced as a member of

text: Raven's Flock

text: as an injury replacement for

text: Stevie Richards

text: . He accompanied his fellow Flock members to ringside carrying a variety of signs, which he displayed to the audience at intervals (a gimmick borrowed from ECW's

text: Sign Guy Dudley

text: ). The signs were generally intended to be humorous and variously furthered

text: storylines

text: , antagonized the audience, promoted the Flock, and made inside jokes aimed at other wrestlers. Cain made his in-ring debut on the December 8 episode of

text: Nitro

text: , losing to

text: Chris Benoit

text: . Lodi disappeared from WCW television several months later after suffering a fractured ankle in a match against

text: Psicosis

text: . Upon his return, Lodi would become involved in the feud between Saturn and Raven. Lodi defeated Saturn in a match on WCW Thunder thanks to Kanyon, which then meant Saturn had to be Lodi's personal assistant till the PPV. After weeks of making a mockery of Saturn, The Flock disbanded at the September 13, 1998

text: Fall Brawl

text: when

text: Perry Saturn

text: defeated Raven to win the freedom of the Flock.

text: After the launch at some date after 2015 and several flybys of Venus, Earth and Jupiter, Kronos would arrive at Saturn. The cruise time depends on chosen trajectory and is from 6 to 17 years. In the vicinity of Saturn two atmospheric probes are to be released, entering the atmosphere of Saturn and obtaining information on chemical composition (including isotopic ratios), temperature, wind speeds and cloud structure to pressures down to 10 bar. Two rings probes, if implemented, would also be released in order to provide images of ring particles from a very close distance (a few kilometers). The carrier spacecraft is proposed to fly by Saturn at a close distance obtaining precision information on the gravitational and magnetic fields of Saturn as well as on the atmospheric circulation and deep composition of the atmosphere.

text: After the launch at some date after 2015 and several flybys of Venus, Earth and Jupiter, Kronos would arrive at Saturn. The cruise time depends on chosen trajectory and is from 6 to 17 years. In the vicinity of Saturn two atmospheric probes are to be released, entering the atmosphere of Saturn and obtaining information on

text: chemical composition

text: (including

text: isotopic

text: ratios), temperature, wind speeds and cloud structure to pressures down to 10

text: bar

text: . Two rings probes, if implemented, would also be released in order to provide images of ring particles from a very close distance (a few kilometers). The carrier spacecraft is proposed to fly by Saturn at a close distance obtaining precision information on the gravitational and magnetic fields of Saturn as well as on the atmospheric circulation and deep composition of the atmosphere.

text: ), so that the sequence of planets repeats every seven hours. Therefore, the twenty-fifth hour, which is the first hour of the following day, is dominated by the Sun; the forty-ninth hour, which is the first hour of the next day, by the Moon. Thus, if a day is labelled by the planet which dominates its first hour, then Saturn's day is followed by the Sun's day, which is followed by the Moon's day, and so forth, as shown below.

text: Aegaeon ( ; or as Greek Αιγαίων), also  (provisional designation ), is a natural satellite of Saturn. It is thought to be similarly smooth as Methone. It orbits between Janus and Mimas within Saturn's G Ring.

text: Aegaeon ( ; or as Greek Αιγαίων), also  (provisional designation ), is a

text: natural satellite

text: of

text: Saturn

text: . It is thought to be similarly smooth as

text: Methone

text: . It orbits between

text: Janus

text: and

text: Mimas

text: within Saturn's

text: G Ring

text: Sailor Saturn gains additional powers as the series progresses, and at key points her uniform changes to reflect this. The first change takes place in Act 39 of the manga, when she obtains the Saturn Crystal and her outfit becomes similar to that of Super Sailor Moon. She is not given a new title. A similar event takes place in Episode 168 of the anime, and she is given the name Super Sailor Saturn. A third, manga-only form appears in Act 42, also unnamed, but analogous to Eternal Sailor Moon (sans wings).

text: The Sotonera Lacus, a hydrocarbon lake on Titan, Saturn's moon, was named after the dam in 2007.

text: The

text: Sotonera Lacus

text: , a hydrocarbon lake on

text: Titan

text: Saturn

text: 's

text: moon

text: , was named after the dam in 2007.

text: The position of Saturn's festival in the Roman calendar led to his association with concepts of time, especially the temporal transition of the New Year.  In the Greek tradition, Cronus was sometimes conflated with Chronus, "Time," and his devouring of his children taken as an allegory for the passing of generations. The sickle or scythe of Father Time is a remnant of the agricultural implement of Cronus-Saturn, and his aged appearance represents the waning of the old year with the birth of the new, in antiquity sometimes embodied by Aion. In late antiquity, Saturn is syncretized with a number of deities, and begins to be depicted as winged, as is Kairos, "Timing, Right Time".

text: The position of Saturn's festival in the

text: Roman calendar

text: led to his association with concepts of time, especially the temporal transition of the

text: New Year

text: .  In the Greek tradition, Cronus was sometimes conflated with

text: Chronus

text: , "Time," and his devouring of his children taken as an allegory for the passing of generations. The sickle or scythe of

text: Father Time

text: is a remnant of the agricultural implement of Cronus-Saturn, and his aged appearance represents the waning of the old year with the birth of the new, in antiquity sometimes embodied by

text: Aion

text: . In

text: late antiquity

text: , Saturn is

text: syncretized

text: with a number of deities, and begins to be depicted as winged, as is

text: Kairos

text: , "Timing, Right Time".

text: Rhea, a moon of Saturn, has been divided into 15 quadrangles.

text: Rhea

text: , a

text: moon

text: of

text: Saturn

text: , has been divided into 15

text: quadrangle

text: s.

text: The moon was named in 2006 after Daphnis, a shepherd, pipes player, and pastoral poet in Greek mythology; he was descendant of the Titans, after whom the largest moons of Saturn are named. Both Daphnis and Pan, the only other known shepherd moon to orbit within Saturn's main rings, are named for mythological figures associated with shepherds.

text: The moon was named in 2006 after

text: Daphnis

text: , a shepherd, pipes player, and pastoral poet in

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: ; he was descendant of the

text: Titans

text: , after whom the largest moons of Saturn are named. Both Daphnis and

text: Pan

text: , the only other known

text: shepherd moon

text: to orbit within Saturn's main rings, are named for mythological figures associated with

text: shepherd

text: s.

text: Saturn has 62 moons with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names, most of which are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Twenty-four of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining thirty-eight, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

text: Saturn

text: has 62

text: moons

text: with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names, most of which are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in

text: hydrostatic equilibrium

text: , including

text: Titan

text: , the second largest moon in the Solar System. Twenty-four of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after

text: Titans

text: or other figures associated with the mythological

text: Saturn

text: . The remaining thirty-eight, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into

text: Inuit

text: Norse

text: , and

text: Gallic

text: groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The

text: rings of Saturn

text: are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "

text: moonlet

text: s" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

text: The idea of massive early rings was subsequently extended to explain the formation of Saturn's moons out to Rhea. If the initial massive rings contained chunks of rocky material (>100 km across) as well as ice, these silicate bodies would have accreted more ice and been expelled from the rings, due to gravitational interactions with the rings and tidal interaction with Saturn, into progressively wider orbits. Within the Roche limit, bodies of rocky material are dense enough to accrete additional material, whereas less-dense bodies of ice are not. Once outside the rings, the newly formed moons could have continued to evolve through random mergers. This process may explain the variation in silicate content of Saturn' moons out to Rhea, as well as the trend towards less silicate content closer to Saturn. Rhea would then be the oldest of the moons formed from the primordial rings, with moons closer to Saturn being progressively younger.

text: Other sections of the crewmen's sphere would include the pod bay, where three one-man repair and inspection craft would be kept, and the spaceship's primary HAL 9000 mainframe computer with its level-upon-level of memory storage and digital processing units. Because of its lack of aerodynamic design and its immense size, the Discovery One would be assembled in and launched from orbit around the Earth. As described in the novel, the Discovery One was originally intended to survey the Jovian system, but its space mission was lengthened to go all the way to Saturn to investigate the destination of the signal from the black monolith at the crater Tycho. As a result, its space mission became a one-way spaceflight to Saturn and its moon Iapetus. After investigating alien artifacts at Saturn and Iapetus, the preliminary plan is for all five members of the crew to enter suspended animation for an indefinite period of time. Eventually, it is hoped that a much larger and more powerful spaceship, Discovery Two, would be built so that it would fly from the Earth to Iapetus, rescue the five astronauts, and then make the long voyage home with everyone in hibernation.

text: Other sections of the crewmen's sphere would include the pod bay, where three one-man repair and inspection craft would be kept, and the spaceship's primary

text: HAL 9000

text: mainframe computer

text: with its level-upon-level of memory storage and digital processing units. Because of its lack of

text: aerodynamic

text: design and its immense size, the Discovery One would be assembled in and launched from

text: orbit

text: around the Earth. As described in the novel, the Discovery One was originally intended to survey the Jovian system, but its space mission was lengthened to go all the way to Saturn to investigate the destination of the signal from the black

text: monolith

text: at the crater Tycho. As a result, its space mission became a one-way

text: spaceflight

text: to

text: Saturn

text: and its moon

text: Iapetus

text: . After investigating alien artifacts at Saturn and Iapetus, the preliminary plan is for all five members of the crew to enter

text: suspended animation

text: for an indefinite period of time. Eventually, it is hoped that a much larger and more powerful spaceship, Discovery Two, would be built so that it would fly from the Earth to Iapetus, rescue the five astronauts, and then make the long voyage home with everyone in hibernation.

text: Study of Saturn's moons has also been aided by advances in telescope instrumentation, primarily the introduction of digital charge-coupled devices which replaced photographic plates. For the entire 20th century, Phoebe stood alone among Saturn's known moons with its highly irregular orbit. Beginning in 2000, however, three dozen additional irregular moons have been discovered using ground-based telescopes. A survey starting in late 2000 and conducted using three medium-size telescopes found thirteen new moons orbiting Saturn at a great distance, in eccentric orbits, which are highly inclined to both the equator of Saturn and the ecliptic. They are probably fragments of larger bodies captured by Saturn's gravitational pull. In 2005, astronomers using the Mauna Kea Observatory announced the discovery of twelve more small outer moons, in 2006, astronomers using the Subaru 8.2 m telescope reported the discovery of nine more irregular moons, in , Tarqeq (S/2007 S 1) was announced and in May of the same year S/2007 S 2 and S/2007 S 3 were reported.

text: Study of Saturn's moons has also been aided by advances in telescope instrumentation, primarily the introduction of digital

text: charge-coupled device

text: s which replaced photographic plates. For the entire 20th century, Phoebe stood alone among Saturn's known moons with its highly irregular orbit. Beginning in 2000, however, three dozen additional irregular moons have been discovered using ground-based telescopes. A survey starting in late 2000 and conducted using three medium-size telescopes found thirteen new moons orbiting Saturn at a great distance, in eccentric orbits, which are highly inclined to both the equator of Saturn and the

text: ecliptic

text: . They are probably fragments of larger bodies captured by Saturn's gravitational pull. In 2005, astronomers using the

text: Mauna Kea Observatory

text: announced the discovery of twelve more small outer moons, in 2006, astronomers using the

text: Subaru 8.2 m telescope

text: reported the discovery of nine more irregular moons, in ,

text: Tarqeq

text: (S/2007 S 1) was announced and in May of the same year

text: S/2007 S 2

text: and

text: S/2007 S 3

text: were reported.

text: Saturn Authorized Service Providers have been introduced since the closing of the Saturn brand. Most Saturn Authorized Service Providers are at Cadillac and Chevrolet dealers. Saturn Authorized Service Providers are responsible for all aspects of service, including warranty service, on Saturn vehicles.

text: Despite consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, most of Saturn's mass is not in the gas phase, because hydrogen becomes a non-ideal liquid when the density is above 0.01 g/cm, which is reached at a radius containing 99.9% of Saturn's mass. The temperature, pressure, and density inside Saturn all rise steadily toward the core, which causes hydrogen to transition into a metal in the deeper layers.

text: Despite consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, most of Saturn's mass is not in the

text: gas

text: phase

text: , because hydrogen becomes a

text: non-ideal liquid

text: when the density is above 0.01 g/cm, which is reached at a radius containing 99.9% of Saturn's mass. The temperature, pressure, and density inside Saturn all rise steadily toward the core, which causes hydrogen to transition into a metal in the deeper layers.

text: :Not to be confused with the Saturn Corporation.

text: :Not to be confused with the

text: Saturn Corporation

text: Some characters are present in multiple entries of the series, such as Giygas, Mr. Saturn, and Pokey/Porky. Giygas is the primary antagonist in both Mother and EarthBound. The alien creature's emotional complexity deviates from genre norms. Giygas shows internal conflict in Mother and has no appearance but as an "indescribable" force in EarthBound final boss battle. In both final battles, Giygas is defeated through love and prayer instead of through a tour de force of weaponry, unlike the endings of other period games. Nadia Oxford wrote for IGN that nearly two decades later, EarthBound final fight against Giygas continues to be "one of the most epic video game standoffs of all time" with noted emotional impact. This battle's dialogue was based on Itoi's recollections of a traumatic scene from the Shintoho film The Military Policeman and the Dismembered Beauty that he had accidentally seen in his childhood. Oxford wrote for 1UP.com that Itoi intended to show the alien's yearning for love in "a manner ... beyond human understanding". Despite EarthBound and Mother 3 dissimilar settings, the Mr. Saturn fictional species appear in similar Saturn Valleys in both games. The Mr. Saturn look like an old man's head with feet, a large nose, and bald except for a single hair with a bow. Though they are a technologically advanced and peaceful species with a pureness of heart, they are under constant attacks from encroaching enemies. Nadia and David Oxford of 1UP.com considered the Mr. Saturn to be aliens despite their human-like and fleshy appearance, as described a piece arguing the central theme of aliens in the Mother series. They compared the Mr. Saturn to Kurt Vonnegut's Tralfamadorian alien species. Finally, Pokey begins as Ness's child neighbor who "cowers" and "refuses to fight" in EarthBound, but grows into a "vicious control freak with no regard for human life", Porky, by the end of the series' Mother 3.

text: Some characters are present in multiple entries of the series, such as

text: Giygas

text: , Mr. Saturn, and Pokey/Porky. Giygas is the primary antagonist in both Mother and EarthBound. The alien creature's emotional complexity deviates from genre norms. Giygas shows internal conflict in Mother and has no appearance but as an "indescribable" force in EarthBound final

text: boss

text: battle. In both final battles, Giygas is defeated through love and prayer instead of through a tour de force of weaponry, unlike the endings of other period games. Nadia Oxford wrote for IGN that nearly two decades later, EarthBound final fight against Giygas continues to be "one of the most epic video game standoffs of all time" with noted emotional impact. This battle's dialogue was based on Itoi's recollections of a traumatic scene from the

text: Shintoho

text: film

text: The Military Policeman and the Dismembered Beauty

text: that he had accidentally seen in his childhood. Oxford wrote for

text: that Itoi intended to show the alien's yearning for love in "a manner ... beyond human understanding". Despite EarthBound and Mother 3 dissimilar settings, the Mr. Saturn fictional species appear in similar Saturn Valleys in both games. The Mr. Saturn look like an old man's head with feet, a large nose, and bald except for a single hair with a bow. Though they are a technologically advanced and peaceful species with a pureness of heart, they are under constant attacks from encroaching enemies. Nadia and David Oxford of 1UP.com considered the Mr. Saturn to be aliens despite their human-like and fleshy appearance, as described a piece arguing the central theme of aliens in the Mother series. They compared the Mr. Saturn to

text: Kurt Vonnegut

text: 's

text: Tralfamadorian

text: alien species. Finally, Pokey begins as Ness's child neighbor who "cowers" and "refuses to fight" in EarthBound, but grows into a "vicious control freak with no regard for human life", Porky, by the end of the series' Mother 3.

text: Before the 32X could be launched, the release date of the Saturn was announced for November 1994 in Japan, coinciding with the 32X's target launch date in North America.  Sega of America now was faced with trying to market the 32X with the Saturn's Japan release occurring simultaneously.  Their answer was to call the 32X a "transitional device" between the Genesis and the Saturn, to which Bayless describes of the strategy, "[f]rankly, it just made us look greedy and dumb to consumers."

text: On October 29, the band streamed the new track "Lost in the Static" and also announced a tour starting on November 5 in San Diego, being followed by The Faceless, Rings of Saturn and Toothgrinder. On New Years Day 2016, the band announced their new album Dig Deep, which was released on February 19, 2016.

text: On October 29, the band streamed the new track "Lost in the Static" and also announced a tour starting on November 5 in San Diego, being followed by

text: The Faceless

text: Rings of Saturn

text: and

text: Toothgrinder

text: . On New Years Day 2016, the band announced their new album Dig Deep, which was released on February 19, 2016.

text: All of Saturn's regular moons except Iapetus orbit very nearly in the plane of Saturn's equator. The outer irregular satellites follow moderately to highly eccentric orbits, and none is expected to rotate synchronously as all the inner moons of Saturn do (except for Hyperion). See Saturn's satellites' families.

text: All of Saturn's

text: regular moon

text: s except Iapetus

text: orbit

text: very nearly in the plane of Saturn's equator. The outer

text: irregular satellite

text: s follow moderately to highly

text: eccentric

text: orbits, and none is expected to rotate synchronously as all the inner moons of Saturn do (except for

text: Hyperion

text: ). See

text: Saturn's satellites' families

text: The Rocketdyne H-1 engine, used in a cluster of eight in the first stage of the Saturn I and Saturn IB launch vehicles, had no catastrophic failures in 152 engine-flights. The Pratt and Whitney RL10 engine, used in a cluster of six in the Saturn I second stage, had no catastrophic failures in 36 engine-flights. The Rocketdyne F-1 engine, used in a cluster of five in the first stage of the Saturn V, had no failures in 65 engine-flights. The Rocketdyne J-2 engine, used in a cluster of five in the Saturn V second stage, and singly in the Saturn IB second stage and Saturn V third stage, had no catastrophic failures in 86 engine-flights.

text: The

text: Rocketdyne H-1

text: engine, used in a cluster of eight in the first stage of the

text: Saturn I

text: and

text: Saturn IB

text: launch vehicle

text: s, had no catastrophic failures in 152 engine-flights. The

text: Pratt and Whitney

text: engine, used in a cluster of six in the Saturn I second stage, had no catastrophic failures in 36 engine-flights. The

text: Rocketdyne F-1

text: engine, used in a cluster of five in the first stage of the

text: Saturn V

text: , had no failures in 65 engine-flights. The

text: Rocketdyne J-2

text: engine, used in a cluster of five in the Saturn V second stage, and singly in the Saturn IB second stage and Saturn V third stage, had no catastrophic failures in 86 engine-flights.

text: Additionally, Fames Roule’s attention to rank follows the tone of the English court under Charles I.  In an attempt to establish government and order in the kingdom, Charles led a court that emphasised ritual and formality.  The details of rank provided a guide through which to address the court with decorum.  In court, Charles held the Order of the Garter in particularly high esteem, and that is reflected in a separate set of poems within Fames Roule titled "Sainct George His Knights."

text: Additionally, Fames Roule’s attention to rank follows the tone of the English court under Charles I.  In an attempt to establish government and order in the kingdom, Charles led a court that emphasised ritual and formality.  The details of rank provided a guide through which to address the court with decorum.  In court, Charles held the

text: Order of the Garter

text: in particularly high esteem, and that is reflected in a separate set of poems within Fames Roule titled "Sainct George His Knights."

text: John Ambrose "Jack" Moore (born 6 July 1911) was an English amateur footballer, referee and tennis player.

text: John Ambrose "Jack" Moore (born 6 July 1911) was an

text: English

text: amateur

text: footballer

text: referee

text: and

text: tennis

text: player.

text: Brewster grew up in Massachusetts and moved to New York City to attend Parsons School of Design. During her first year, she made her acting debut and eventually dropped out of design school to pursue her acting career. In the mid 1990s, Brewster moved to San Francisco and enrolled in acting classes.  she resides in Los Angeles.

text: Brewster grew up in

text: Massachusetts

text: and moved to

text: New York City

text: to attend

text: Parsons School of Design

text: . During her first year, she made her acting debut and eventually dropped out of design school to pursue her acting career. In the mid 1990s, Brewster moved to

text: San Francisco

text: and enrolled in acting classes.  she resides in

text: Los Angeles

text: EP demonstrative adjectives and pronouns and their corresponding adverbs have three forms corresponding to different degrees of proximity.

text: EP

text: demonstrative

text: adjectives and pronouns and their corresponding adverbs have three forms corresponding to different degrees of proximity.

text: The Balzer Motor Company of Bronx, New York, was founded in 1894 by Stephen Marius  Balzer (c.1864–1940).

text: The Balzer Motor Company of

text: Bronx, New York

text: , was founded in 1894 by Stephen Marius  Balzer (c.1864–1940).

text: As of November 30th 2016, Cassini will enter the final phase of the project. Cassini will dive through the outer ring of Saturn, 20 times, once every 7 days. The spacecraft will enter areas that have been untouched up until this point, getting the closest look ever at Saturn's outer rings.  The first pass of the rings took place on December 4, 2016.

text: Bullock married motorcycle builder and Monster Garage host Jesse James on July 16, 2005. They first met when Bullock arranged for her ten-year-old godson to meet James as a Christmas present. In November 2009, Bullock and James entered into a custody battle with James' second ex-wife, former pornographic actress Janine Lindemulder, with whom James had a child. Bullock and James subsequently won full legal custody of James' five-year-old daughter.

text: Bullock married motorcycle builder and

text: Monster Garage

text: host

text: Jesse James

text: on July 16, 2005. They first met when Bullock arranged for her ten-year-old

text: godson

text: to meet James as a Christmas present. In November 2009, Bullock and James entered into a custody battle with James' second ex-wife, former pornographic actress

text: Janine Lindemulder

text: , with whom James had a child. Bullock and James subsequently won full legal custody of James' five-year-old daughter.

text: The road is a dual carriageway for 14,1 kilometres. The section is between Laagri and Ääsmäe. The section between Ääsmäe and Kernu will be expanded to 2+1 in 2016-2017. Another section to be expanded is between Jänesselja and Nurme, also to be expanded to 2+1.

text: The road is a

text: dual carriageway

text: for 14,1 kilometres. The section is between

text: Laagri

text: and

text: Ääsmäe

text: . The section between Ääsmäe and Kernu will be expanded to 2+1 in 2016-2017. Another section to be expanded is between Jänesselja and Nurme, also to be expanded to 2+1.

text: An official soundtrack, released in June 1998, is still available on CD from TVT Records. It features the title theme from composer Mark Snow, as well as numerous songs heard during the first two seasons of the show from artists like Depeche Mode and Afro Celt Sound System.  A "promotional release" in a limited run of 2000 CDs of Emmy-award winning composer Sean Callery's selections from his orchestral score for Nikita was first made available by Callery during the Close Quarters Standby 4 fan convention in May 2001.

text: An official

entity_name: La Femme Nikita: Music from the Television Series

text: soundtrack

text: , released in June 1998, is still available on CD from

text: TVT Records

text: . It features the title theme from composer

text: Mark Snow

text: , as well as numerous songs heard during the first two seasons of the show from artists like

text: Depeche Mode

text: and

text: Afro Celt Sound System

text: .  A "promotional release" in a limited run of 2000 CDs of

text: Emmy

text: -award winning composer

text: Sean Callery

text: 's selections from his orchestral score for Nikita was first made available by Callery during the

text: Close Quarters Standby

text: fan convention

text: in May 2001.

text: Espiritu contested the will, and a decade of court battles followed that were covered in detail by the Los Angeles press. At a jury trial in 1891, Espiritu called 40 witnesses who testified that Leonis had publicly acknowledged her as his wife. When Espiritu appeared in court dressed in black with mourning veil attached to a black flat straw hat, the Los Angeles Times described her as "a typical Mexican of the original cast," with "a very dark complexion, small black eyes, nose blunt, mouth large and lips tightly compressed when in repose." When Espiritu took the stand, she testified that she met Leonis at the Escorpion Indian camp in 1859, lived with him for 30 years, and even had a daughter with him who died before adulthood. The grave identifying Leonis as the deceased child's father was offered as proof of their relationship.

text: The rings of Saturn are the most extensive planetary ring system of any planet in the Solar System. They consist of countless small particles, ranging in size from micrometres to metres, that orbit about Saturn. The ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with a trace component of rocky material. There is still no consensus as to their mechanism of formation; some features of the rings suggest a relatively recent origin, but theoretical models indicate they are likely to have formed early in the Solar System's history.

text: The rings of Saturn are the most extensive

text: planetary ring

text: system of any

text: planet

text: in the

text: Solar System

text: . They consist of countless small particles, ranging in size from micrometres to metres, that

text: orbit

text: about

text: Saturn

text: . The ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with a trace component of

text: rocky material

text: . There is still no consensus as to their mechanism of formation; some features of the rings suggest a relatively recent origin, but theoretical models indicate they are likely to have formed early in the Solar System's history.

text: The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce in 2006 when it qualified for the World Cup and convinced Gbagbo to restart peace talks. It also helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time.   In late 2006, the elections were again delayed, this time until October 2007.

text: The

text: Côte d'Ivoire national football team

text: helped secure a truce in 2006 when it qualified for the

text: World Cup

text: and convinced Gbagbo to restart peace talks. It also helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of

text: Bouaké

text: , an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time.   In late 2006, the elections were again delayed, this time until October 2007.

text: When first discovered, Iapetus was among four Saturnian moons labelled the Sidera Lodoicea by their discoverer Giovanni Cassini after King Louis XIV (the other three were Tethys, Dione and Rhea). However, astronomers fell into the habit of referring to them using Roman numerals, with Iapetus being Saturn V. Once Mimas and Enceladus were discovered in 1789, the numbering scheme was extended and Iapetus became Saturn VII. And with the discovery of Hyperion in 1848, Iapetus became Saturn VIII, which it is still known by today (see naming of natural satellites).

text: When first discovered, Iapetus was among four

text: Saturnian moons

text: labelled the

text: Sidera Lodoicea

text: by their discoverer

text: Giovanni Cassini

text: after

text: King Louis XIV

text: (the other three were

text: Tethys

text: Dione

text: and

text: Rhea

text: ). However, astronomers fell into the habit of referring to them using Roman numerals, with Iapetus being Saturn V. Once

text: Mimas

text: and

text: Enceladus

text: were discovered in 1789, the numbering scheme was extended and Iapetus became Saturn VII. And with the discovery of

text: Hyperion

text: in 1848, Iapetus became Saturn VIII, which it is still known by today (see

text: naming of natural satellites

text: Four robotic spacecraft have observed Saturn's rings from the vicinity of the planet. Pioneer 11's closest approach to Saturn occurred in September 1979 at a distance of 20,900 km. Pioneer 11 was responsible for the discovery of the F ring. Voyager 1's closest approach occurred in November 1980 at a distance of 64,200 km. A failed photopolarimeter prevented Voyager 1 from observing Saturn's rings at the planned resolution; nevertheless, images from the spacecraft provided unprecedented detail of the ring system and revealed the existence of the G ring. Voyager 2's closest approach occurred in August 1981 at a distance of 41,000 km. Voyager 2's working photopolarimeter allowed it to observe the ring system at higher resolution than Voyager 1, and to thereby discover many previously unseen ringlets. Cassini entered into orbit around Saturn in July 2004. Cassini's images of the rings are the most detailed to-date, and are responsible for the discovery of yet more ringlets.

text: Four robotic spacecraft have observed Saturn's rings from the vicinity of the planet.

text: Pioneer 11

text: 's closest approach to Saturn occurred in September 1979 at a distance of 20,900 km. Pioneer 11 was responsible for the discovery of the F ring.

text: Voyager 1

text: 's closest approach occurred in November 1980 at a distance of 64,200 km. A failed photopolarimeter prevented Voyager 1 from observing Saturn's rings at the planned resolution; nevertheless, images from the spacecraft provided unprecedented detail of the ring system and revealed the existence of the G ring.

text: Voyager 2

text: 's closest approach occurred in August 1981 at a distance of 41,000 km. Voyager 2's working photopolarimeter allowed it to observe the ring system at higher resolution than Voyager 1, and to thereby discover many previously unseen ringlets.

text: Cassini

text: entered into orbit around Saturn in July 2004. Cassini's images of the rings are the most detailed to-date, and are responsible for the discovery of yet more ringlets.

text: Martel debuted for World Championship Wrestling in 1997, feuding with Booker T for the WCW World Television Title and winning it on the February 16, 1998 Nitro. Martel's comeback was cut short during his rematch with Booker T at SuperBrawl VIII on February 22, when he landed badly on a throw, hitting his leg on one of the ring ropes. He tore an inside ligament of his right knee, fractured his leg and suffered cartilage damage, effectively ending his in-ring career. He was originally booked to retain the Television Title in the match, intended to be a gauntlet match, by beating Booker and then Perry Saturn. Martel and Booker worked out a finish in the ring (by which Martel suffered a further injury after a botched Harlem Sidekick), and then Booker and Saturn worked the second half of the match entirely on the fly. Martel was out of action for several months.

text: Martel debuted for

text: World Championship Wrestling

text: in 1997, feuding with

text: Booker T

text: for the

text: WCW World Television Title

text: and winning it on the February 16, 1998

text: Nitro

text: . Martel's comeback was cut short during his rematch with Booker T at

text: SuperBrawl VIII

text: on February 22, when he landed badly on a throw, hitting his leg on one of the

text: ring ropes

text: . He tore an inside

text: ligament

text: of his right knee, fractured his leg and suffered

text: cartilage

text: damage, effectively ending his in-ring career. He was originally booked to retain the Television Title in the match, intended to be a

text: gauntlet match

text: , by beating Booker and then

text: Perry Saturn

text: . Martel and Booker worked out a finish in the ring (by which Martel suffered a further injury after a

text: botched

text: Harlem Sidekick), and then Booker and Saturn worked the second half of the match entirely on the fly. Martel was out of action for several months.

text: Tilakuh (, also Romanized as Tīlakūh; also known as Tīlakū) is a village in Yeylan-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Dehgolan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 37 families.

text: Tilakuh (, also

text: Romanize

text: d as Tīlakūh; also known as Tīlakū) is a village in

text: Yeylan-e Shomali Rural District

text: , in the

text: Central District

text: of

text: Dehgolan County

text: Kurdistan Province

text: Iran

text: . At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 37 families.

text: In 1998, Aeroporti di Roma bought 20% of ACSA's shares for 819 million rands,. In 2005, Public Investment Corporation, a local SA company, bought the 20% shares back from the Italian group.

text: In 1998,

text: Aeroporti di Roma

text: bought 20% of ACSA's shares for 819 million rands,. In 2005, Public Investment Corporation, a local SA company, bought the 20% shares back from the Italian group.

text: Reviewing the CD-ROM based Saturn port, EGM commented that the graphics are identical to the arcade version but that there are missing sound effects and "unbearable" slowdown when first performing a special move. They rated it the best home version of the game to date, but felt that with Mortal Kombat II having considerably aged by this point, any port needed to be near arcade perfect to stand out. Next Generation felt that the Saturn version was arcade perfect, but that the Mortal Kombat series as a whole was grossly overrated and lacked any gameplay innovations to make it stand out from other fighting games. They summarized that "if you are a fan of the game (and you know who you are), then the Saturn version is everything you can hope for - an arcade-perfect translation - and yet, there is nothing outside of a flashy presentation and a little gore to recommend this game over a million others just like it." Scary Larry of GamePro agreed that the Saturn port "duplicates the arcade version perfectly", but argued that the slowdown and load times make the game frustrating to play. He concluded that the conversion would make a decent holdover until Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 hit the Saturn, but fails to measure up to Mortal Kombat 3 on the PlayStation. Sega Saturn Magazine was extremely disappointed with the final version of the Saturn port, calling it "much worse than any of the versions seen on the cartridge format," as opposed to the vastly superior pre-release version they had reviewed five months earlier.

text: Reviewing the

text: CD-ROM

text: Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3

text: hit the Saturn, but fails to measure up to

text: Mortal Kombat 3

text: on the PlayStation.

text: Sega Saturn Magazine

text: was extremely disappointed with the final version of the Saturn port, calling it "much worse than any of the versions seen on the cartridge format," as opposed to the vastly superior pre-release version they had reviewed five months earlier.

text: In addition, offerings of garlic are made to the Goddess of the Dark Moon, Hecate, during the festival. Hunting or killing of any beast is forbidden on Nemoralia.

text: In addition, offerings of garlic are made to the Goddess of the Dark Moon,

text: Hecate

text: , during the festival. Hunting or killing of any beast is forbidden on Nemoralia.

text: Modern works of art depicting Skaði include Skadi und Niurd (illustration, 1883) by K. Ehrenberg and Skadi (1901) by E. Doepler d. J. Skaði also appears in A. Oehlenschläger's poem (1819) Skades Giftermaal. Art deco depictions of both the god Ullr (1928) and Skaði (1929) appear on covers of  the Swedish ski annual På Skidor, both skiing and wielding bows. E. John B. Allen notes that the deities are portrayed in a manner that "give[s] historical authority to this most important of Swedish ski journals, which began publication in 1893". A moon of the planet Saturn (Skathi) takes its name from that of the goddess.

text: Modern works of art depicting Skaði include Skadi und Niurd (illustration, 1883) by K. Ehrenberg and Skadi (1901) by E. Doepler d. J. Skaði also appears in A. Oehlenschläger's poem (1819) Skades Giftermaal.

text: Art deco

text: depictions of both the god

text: Ullr

text: (1928) and Skaði (1929) appear on covers of  the Swedish ski annual På Skidor, both skiing and wielding bows. E. John B. Allen notes that the deities are portrayed in a manner that "give[s] historical authority to this most important of Swedish ski journals, which began publication in 1893". A

text: moon of the planet Saturn

text: Skathi

text: ) takes its name from that of the goddess.

text: Rings of Saturn is an American deathcore band from the Bay Area, California. The band was formed in 2009 and was originally just a studio project, however, after gaining a wide popularity and signing to Unique Leader Records, the band formed a full line-up and became a full-time touring band. Rings of Saturn's music features a highly technical style, heavily influenced by themes of alien life and outer space. They have released three full-length albums, with their latest, Lugal Ki En, released in 2014 and peaking at 126 on the American Billboard 200 chart.

text: Rings of Saturn is an American

text: deathcore

text: band from the

text: Bay Area

text: California

text: . The band was formed in 2009 and was originally just a studio project, however, after gaining a wide popularity and signing to

text: Unique Leader Records

text: , the band formed a full line-up and became a full-time touring band. Rings of Saturn's music features a highly technical style, heavily influenced by themes of

text: alien life

text: and

text: outer space

text: . They have released three full-length albums, with their latest,

text: Lugal Ki En

text: , released in 2014 and peaking at 126 on the American

text: Billboard 200

text: chart.

text: What is a Saturn return?

text: What is a

text: Saturn return

text: The R-7 and Atlas each required a large launch facility, making them vulnerable to attack, and could not be kept in a ready state. Failure rates were very high throughout the early years of ICBM technology. Human spaceflight programs (Vostok, Mercury, Voskhod, Gemini, etc.) served as a highly visible means of demonstrating confidence in reliability, with successes translating directly to national defense implications. The US was well behind the Soviet Union in the Space Race, so U.S. President John F. Kennedy increased the stakes with the Apollo program, which used Saturn rocket technology that had been funded by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

text: The R-7 and Atlas each required a large launch facility, making them vulnerable to attack, and could not be kept in a ready state. Failure rates were very high throughout the early years of ICBM technology. Human spaceflight programs (

text: Vostok

text: Mercury

text: Voskhod

text: Gemini

text: , etc.) served as a highly visible means of demonstrating confidence in reliability, with successes translating directly to national defense implications. The US was well behind the Soviet Union in the

text: Space Race

text: , so U.S. President

text: John F. Kennedy

text: increased the stakes with the

text: Apollo program

text: , which used

text: Saturn rocket

text: technology that had been funded by President

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower